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An Example of RSA Encryption
An Example of the RSA Algorithm
P = 61 <- first prime number (destroy this after computing E and D)Q = 53 <- second prime number (destroy this after computing E and D)PQ = 3233 <- modulus (give this to others)E = 17 <- public exponent (give this to others)D = 2753 <- private exponent (keep this secret!)Your public key is (E,PQ).Your private key is D.The encryption function is:encrypt(T) = (T^E) mod PQ= (T^17) mod 3233The decryption function is:decrypt(C) = (C^D) mod PQ= (C^2753) mod 3233To encrypt the plaintext value 123, do this:encrypt(123) = (123^17) mod 3233= 337587917446653715596592958817679803 mod 3233= 855To decrypt the ciphertext value 855, do this:decrypt(855) = (855^2753) mod 3233= 123One way to compute the value of 855^2753 mod 3233 is like this:2753 = 101011000001 base 2, therefore2753 = 1 + 2^6 + 2^7 + 2^9 + 2^11= 1 + 64 + 128 + 512 + 2048Consider this table of powers of 855:855^1 = 855 (mod 3233)855^2 = 367 (mod 3233)855^4 = 367^2 (mod 3233) = 2136 (mod 3233)855^8 = 2136^2 (mod 3233) = 733 (mod 3233)855^16 = 733^2 (mod 3233) = 611 (mod 3233)855^32 = 611^2 (mod 3233) = 1526 (mod 3233)
file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/mwood/Deskto...aphy/An%20Example%20of%20the%20RSA%20Algorithm.htm (1 of 4)8/1/2006 1:53:25 AM
 
An Example of RSA Encryption
855^64 = 1526^2 (mod 3233) = 916 (mod 3233)855^128 = 916^2 (mod 3233) = 1709 (mod 3233)855^256 = 1709^2 (mod 3233) = 1282 (mod 3233)855^512 = 1282^2 (mod 3233) = 1160 (mod 3233)855^1024 = 1160^2 (mod 3233) = 672 (mod 3233)855^2048 = 672^2 (mod 3233) = 2197 (mod 3233)Given the above, we know this:855^2753 (mod 3233)= 855^(1 + 64 + 128 + 512 + 2048) (mod 3233)= 855^1 * 855^64 * 855^128 * 855^512 * 855^2048 (mod 3233)= 855 * 916 * 1709 * 1160 * 2197 (mod 3233)= 794 * 1709 * 1160 * 2197 (mod 3233)= 2319 * 1160 * 2197 (mod 3233)= 184 * 2197 (mod 3233)= 123 (mod 3233)= 123If you have a computer program (such as the "bc" utility that comes with Linux),you can compute 855^2753 mod 3233 directly, like this:855^2753 mod 3233= 5043288895841606873442289912739446663145387836003550931555496756450105562861208255997874424542811005438349865428933638493024645144150785172091796654782635307099638035387326500896686074771829745822950342950407903581845940956377938586598936883808360284013250976862076697739667533250542826093475735137988063256482639334453092594385562429233017519771900169249169128091505960191787601713497254392792156967017899021343071464689712796102771813783945869677289869342365240311693217089269617643726521315665833158712459759803042503144006837883246101784830717585474547252069688925995892544366701432205469543174002285500923863694244485597333306305160738530286321930291350374547194675777671357954965202919790505781532871558392070303159585937493663283548602090830635507044556588963193180119341220178269233441013301164806963340240750469525886698765866900622402410208846650753026395387052663193358473481094876156227126037327597360375237388364148088948438096157757045380081079469800667348777958837582899851327930703533551275090439948178979054899338121732945853544741326805698108726334828546381688504882434658897839333466254454006619645218766694795528023088412465948239275105770491133290256843065052292561427303898320890070515110552506189941712317779515797942971179547529630183784386291397787766129820738907279676720235011399271581964273076407418989190486860748124549315795374377124416014387650691458681964022760277668695309039513149683190973245054523459447725658788769269335391869235481851854242092306499640682218449011913571088542442852112077371223831105455431265307394075927890822606043171133395752266034451645259763161842774590432019134528932993216130744053222747057289481214358683197841559727649635709090121513130415756920979851832104115596935784883366531595132734467524394087576977
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An Example of RSA Encryption
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