Earthward injections of energetic ions and electrons mark the onset of magnetospheric substorms. In the inner magnetosphere (L4), the energetic ions drift westward and the electrons eastward, t...

Earth’s magnetic halo is generated in its core of molten nickel-iron alloy. Currents driven by Earth’s rotation, like a dynamo, spread the magnetic field far into the surrounding space. Billions of...

"The satellites have found evidence of magnetic ropes connecting Earth's upper atmosphere directly to the sun," said David Sibeck, project scientist for the mission at NASA's Goddard Space Flight C...

RHYTHM AND CHAOS IN THE IONOSPHERE The rhythm of life has evolved at an even tempo for epochs. We live in a complex matrix of oscillating fields; the tiniest fluctuations in one interlocked field...