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CONTENT
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. PART 14. PART 2 5. PART 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank god that finally, I had succeeded in finishing this project work.I would like to thank my beloved Additional Mathematic Teacher, Mrs. Wan Nurhalina bt. __________for all the assistanceshe has provided me during my job search. I appreciate the information and advice she have given, as well as the connections shehave shared with me. Her expertise and help have been invaluable during this process.Also, thanks to my mom and my dad for giving me fully support in completing this project work and permission to use their notebook for further research in completing this project work. I sincerely appreciate their generosity.I would like to give my special thank to my fellow friends who had given me extra information on the project work and studygroup that we had done. Thank you for spending time with me to discuss about the coursework.Last but not least, I would like to express my highest gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete thiscoursework. I really appreciate all your helps. Again, thank you so much.Best Regards,
INTRODUCTION
A circle is a simpleshapeof  Euclidean geometryconsisting of those points in aplanewhich are the samedistancefrom a given point called thecentre. The common distance of the points of a circle from its centre is called itsradius. Circles are simple closedcurves which divide theplane into two regions, aninterior  and an exterior. In everyday use the term "circle" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure (known as theperimeter ) or to the wholefigure including its interior, but in strict technical usage "circle" refers to the perimeter while the interior of the circle is called adisk.The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of the circle (especially when referring to its length). A circle is a special ellipsein which the twofociare coincident. Circles are conic sections attained when aright circular   cone is intersected with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
PART 1
There are a lot of things are a lot of things around us related to circles or parts of a circle. Circle exists in our everyday lives andwithout circles, we could not imagine what it would cause to this world as the most important thing, the Earth itself is a circle. In thisproject, I will use the principle of circle that I had studied to design a garden to beautify the school.
 
Before I further my task, first, we have to know what do pi (π) related to a circle.When referring to this constant, the symbol π is always pronounced like "pie" inEnglish,which is the conventional English pronunciation of the Greek letter. In Greek, the name of this letter ispronounced/pi/.Pi or π is a mathematical constant whose value is theratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter. In Euclidean plane  geometry, π is defined as theratio of acircle'scircumference to itsdiameter . The ratio C/d is constant, regardless of a circle's size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter d of another circle itwill also have twice the circumference C, preserving the ratio C/d. Alternatively π can be also defined as the ratio of a circle'sarea (A) to the area of a square whose side is equal to theradius.These definitions depend on results of Euclidean geometry, such as the fact that all circles aresimilar .This can be considered a problem when π occurs in areas of mathematics that otherwise do not involve geometry. For this reason, mathematicians oftenprefer to define π without reference to geometry, instead selecting one of itsanalyticproperties as a definition. A common choice isto define π as twice the smallest positive x for which cos(x) = 0.
 
 
The early history of pi is believed to be built during theFourth Dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom, theGreat Pyramid was constructed with an approximate ratio of height to circumference of the base of 2π. Each side is 440 cubits long, and the height isbelieved to have been 280 cubits tall at the time of its construction. This puts the value at approximately 3.142, or 0.04% above theexact value.AnEgyptianscribe named Ahmeswrote the oldest known text to give an approximate value for π. TheRhind  Mathematical Papyrusdates from theEgyptian Second Intermediate Period—though Ahmes stated that he copied aMiddle  Kingdom papyrus (i.e. from before 1650 BC)—and describes the value in such a way that the result obtained comes out to 256⁄81, which is approximately 3.16, or 0.6% above the exact value.As early as the 19th century BC, Babylonian mathematicianswere using π ≈ 25⁄8, which is about 0.5% below the exact value. TheIndian astronomer  Yajnavalkyagave astronomical calculations in theShatapatha Brahmana (c. 9th century BC) that led to a fractional approximation of π ≈ 339⁄108 (which equals 3.13888..., which is correct to two decimal places when rounded, or 0.09% below the exact value).In the third century BC,Archimedesproved the sharp inequalities 223⁄71 < π < 22⁄7, by means of regular 96-gons; thesevalues are 0.02% and 0.04% off, respectively. (Differentiating thearctangentfunction leads to a simple modernproof that indeed  3+1⁄7 exceeds π.) Later, in the second century AD,Ptolemy, using a regular 360-gon, obtained a value of 3.141666...., which is correct to three decimal places.[1]TheChinese mathematician Liu Huiin 263 AD computed π with to between 3.141024 and 3.142708 with inscribe 96-gon and 192-gon; the average of these two values is 3.141864, an error of less than 0.01%. However, he suggested that 3.14 was agood enough approximation for practical purpose. Later he obtained a more accurate result π ≈ 3927⁄1250 = 3.1416.
PART 2
Diagram 1 shows a semicircle PQR of diameter 10cm. Semicircles PAB and BCR of diameter d1 and d2 respectively are inscribedin PQR such that the sum of d1 and d2 is equal to 10cm.
Diagram 1
(a)I had completed the Table 1 by using various values of d1 and the corresponding values of d2, in which d1 + d2 = 10cm, todetermine the relation between the lengths of arcs PQR, PAB, and BCR. To find the length of arc, I had used the formula:
 Arc of semicircle = ½πd 
d1(cm)d2(cm)Length of arc PQR interms of π(cm)Length of arc PAB interms of π(cm)Length of arc BCR interms of π(cm)195 π½ π9/2 π285 ππ4 π375 π3/2 π7/2 π465 π2 π3 π555 π5/2π5/2 π645 π3 π2 π735 π7/2 π3/2 π825 π4 ππ915 π9/2 π½ π
Table 1
From the Table 1, we know that the length of arc PQR is not affected by the different in d1 and d2 in PAB and BCRrespectively. The relation between the length of arcs PQR, PAB and BCR is that the length of arc PQR is equal to the sum of thelength of arcs PAB and BCR, which the equation is:
S 
PQR 
= S 
PAB
+ S 
BCR 
 
Let d1= 3, and d2 =7S
PQR
= S
PAB
+ S
BCR
5π = ½ π (3) + ½ π (7)5π = 3/2 π + 7/2 π5π = 10/2 π5π = 5 π
 
Diagram 2 shows a semicircle PQR of diameter 10 cm. Semicircles PAB, BCD, and DER of diameter d1, d2, and d3 respectivelyare inscribed in the semicircle PQR such that the sum of d1, d2, and d3 is equal to 10 cm.
Diagram 2 
(b)(i)By using various values of d1, d2, and the corresponding values of d3, in which d1 + d2 + d3 = 10cm, I had make a tableto determine the relation between the lengths of arcs PQR, PAB, BCD, and DER. All the results are tabulated in Table 2 below:d1(cm)d2(cm)d3(cm)Length of arcPQR in terms of π(cm)Length of arc PABin terms of π(cm)Length of arcBCD in terms of π(cm)Length of arcDER in terms of π(cm)1275π1/2 ππ7/2 π2265πππ3 π2355ππ3/2 π5/2 π2445ππ2 π2 π2535ππ5/2 π3/2 π
Table 2 
From the Table 2, we know that the length of arc PQR is not affected by the different in d1, d2, and d3 in PAB, BCD, andDER respectively. The relation between the length of arcs PQR, PAB, BCD, and DER is that the length of arc PQR is equal to thesum of the length of arcs PAB, BCD, and DER, which the equation is:
S 
PQR 
= S 
PAB
+ S 
BCD
+ S 
DER 
Let d1 = 2, d2 = 5, d3 = 3S
PQR
= S
PAB
+ S
BCD
+ S
DER
5 π = π + 5/2 π + 3/2 π5 π = 5 π(b)(ii)Therefore, we can generalise that the length of arc of outer semicircle is equal to the sum of the length of arc of inner semicircle for x = 2, 3, 4, 5…..
S 
outer 
= S 
1
+ S 
2 
+ S 
3
+ S 
4
+ S 
5 
(c)Assume that the diameter of the outer semicircle is 30cm and 4 semicircles are inscribed in the outer semicircle such thatthe sum of d1 (arc1), d2 (arc2), d3 (arc3), d4 (arc4) is equal to 30cm. Again, by using various values of d1, d2, d3, and thecorresponding values of d4, in which d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 30cm, I had make a table to determine the relation between the lengthsof arc1, arc2, arc3, and arc4. All the results are tabulated in Table 3 below:d1(cm)d2(cm)d3(cm)d4(cm)Length of arc of outer semicirclein termsof π (cm)Length of arc 1 interms of π(cm)Length of arc 2 interms of π(cm)Length of arc 3 interms of π(cm)Length of arc 4 interms of π(cm)1086615 π5 π4 π3 π3 π12351015 π6 π3/2 π5/2 π5 π1484415 π7 π4 π2 π2 π1553715 π15/2 π5/2 π3/2 π7/2 π
Table 3
From the Table 3, we know that the length of arc PQR is not affected by the different in d1, d2, d3, and d4 in arc1, arc2,arc3, and arc4 respectively. The relation between the length of arc of outer semicircle, arc1, arc2, arc3, and arc4 is that the lengthof arc of outer semicircle is equal to the sum of the length of arc1, arc2, arc3, and arc4 which the equation is:
S 
outer semicircle
= S 
arc1
+ S 
arc2 
+ S 
arc3
+ S 
arc4
Let d1=10, d2=8, d3=6, d4=6S
outer semicircle
= S
arc1
+ S
arc2
+ S
arc3
+ S
arc4
15 π = 5 π + 4 π + 3 π + 3 π15 π = 15 πTherefore, we can conclude that length of arc of outer semicircle is equal to the sum of the length of arc of inner semicirclefor x = 2, 3, 4, 5…..
S 
outer 
= S 
1
+ S 
2 
+ S 
3
+ S 
4
+ S 
5 
......
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Eyka Syafiqa

yg ni pown bole copy skit2

reply05 / 03 / 2012
Amirul Fikri

Semua mengharap orang letak jawapan, sama dengan aku, 2012 punya pleaaasseee :(

reply05 / 02 / 2012
Eiy Syam

2012 punyer please . really needed .

reply05 / 01 / 2012
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