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This book describes Liver and Diseases, Diagnosis and Updated Treatments.
My liver is the largest solid organ in my body
It cleans my blood of all the toddy
My liver helps me by taking toxins out of the blood.
And detoxifies them from the food mud
It processes the good stuff that my body ingests
Into forms that the rest of the body will digest
It stores energy in the form of a sugar
Called glycogen kept like a treasure
My liver also breaks down protein
Into amino acids from meat and beans
Fats are digested by the hepatic bile
And sent to the intestine in a while
The liver also produces the cholesterol
Which become the male and female hormones all
But do not put the liver to the test
Avoid harmful stuff, poisons and the rest.
Waste or stuff that the body does not need
Will be removed by the feces at great speed
The liver helps with blood clotting
Factors which help you stop bleeding
A toast to my liver not with alcohol
But with pure water that is a cure-all
To the one that has kept me alive
You have helped me to survive
Hepatitis is an acute inflammatory liver disease
Hepatitis infection can occur in people of all ages.
Hepatitis A and B are food-borne viruses that infects the cells of the liver
Hepatitis A and B infections often occur from an infected food handler or giver
Hepatitis A may be passed through infected food exposure
Rarely through hemodialysis in patients with kidney failure
The Hepatitis A virus is excreted in feces with contaminated water transmission
And contaminated food (shellfish, cockle shells) and poor sanitation
Many people with viral hepatitis feel very sick and weak.
There is jaundice, loss of appetite and fatigue
There is also fever, nausea and vomiting
Together with pale colored stools and dark urine
Most people with Hepatitis A will recover from their illness.
Hepatitis A patients seldom get any serious or chronic sickness
Bed rest, oral fluid and carbohydrate diet will help recovery
Recovery is usual within 6 weeks with no damage to the body
Hepatitis B and C may be passed through intravenous drug exposure
Blood exchange through hemodialysis in patients with kidney failure
Accidental needle stick injury may occur with body-piercing,
There is a small risk from re-used equipment used for tattooing
Many people with acute hepatitis B and C feel entirely well.
The immune system does not remove the virus from its cells
Eighty per cent will carry the virus in the liver
Twenty per cent of Hepatitis B can become severe
When that happens, the liver may develop cirrhosis.
It is important to constantly monitor the hepatitis
Treatment of chronic Hepatitis B and C is with antiviral medication
Treatment should be given only if tests show active inflammation.
-An original poem by Kenneth Kee
Toxic Hepatitis is caused by work related chemicals and medicines
Autoimmune Hepatitis is one of the causes of chronic active hepatitis
Liver Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease where the normal liver tissue is replaced by bands of fibrous scar tissue separating nodules of regenerated liver cells.
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease is a medical disorder where there are fat deposits inside the liver which may prevent the liver from removing toxins from the blood.
Liver cancer is one of most dangerous cancer because the liver detoxifies a lot of poisons in the body.
Once the liver is damaged the organ can shut down together with the heart and brain.
Any liver cancer is dangerous and need to be treated urgently.
Liver transplant is still the best treatment for liver cancer if there is no spread.
The major causes of Liver Cancer Hepatitis B and C infections.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Liver
Chapter 2 Diseases
Chap
author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
The Liver
My liver is the largest solid organ in my body
It cleans my blood of all the toddy
My liver helps me by taking toxins out of the blood.
And detoxifies them from the food mud
It processes the good stuff that my body ingests
Into forms that the rest of the body will digest
It stores energy in the form of a sugar
Called glycogen kept like a treasure
My liver also breaks down protein
Into amino acids from meat and beans
Fats are digested by the hepatic bile
And sent to the intestine in a while
The liver also produces the cholesterol
Which become the male and female hormones all
But do not put the liver to the test
Avoid harmful stuff, poisons and the rest.
Waste or stuff that the body does not need
Will be removed by the feces at great speed
The liver helps with blood clotting
Factors which help you stop bleeding
A toast to my liver not with alcohol
But with pure water that is a cure-all
To the one that has kept me alive
You have helped me to survive
-An original poem by Kenneth Kee
The liver is a very essential organ present in the human body.
The liver is essential for survival.
There is presently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function in the long term even though new liver dialysis techniques can be used in the short term.
The only cure is a successful liver transplant.
The liver has a major part in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body such as
1. Glycogen storage,
2. Decomposition of red blood cells,
3. Blood protein synthesis,
4. Hormone production,
5. Detoxification.
Anatomy of the Liver:
The liver is a reddish brown organ with four lobes of uneven size and shape.
A human liver normally has the weight of 1.44–1.66kg (3.2–3.7lb).
It is a soft, pinkish-brown triangular shaped organ.
It is both the largest internal organ (the skin being the largest organ overall) and the largest gland inside the human body.
It is sited in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm.
The liver is sited to the right of the stomach with the gallbladder situated under it.
It is joined to two large blood vessels, one called the hepatic artery and one called the portal vein.
The hepatic artery brings blood from the aorta.
The portal vein brings blood consisting digested nutrients from the whole gastrointestinal tract and also from the spleen and pancreas.
These blood vessels will subdivide into capillaries which then enter a lobule.
Each lobule comprises millions of hepatic cells which are the basic metabolic cells.
Lobules are the functional components of the liver.
It secretes bile an alkaline compound which helps in fat digestion by the emulsification of lipids.
The liver has highly specialized tissues which control wide range of high-volume biochemical reactions such as the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules many of which are needed for normal vital functions.
What is a Liver Cell?
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main liver tissue.
Hepatocytes comprise 70% of the liver's cytoplasmic mass.
The normal hepatocyte forms a cubical cell of 15 µm sides.
The normal volume of a hepatocyte is 3.4 x 10-9 cm³.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) is an abundant organelle inside hepatocytes while most cells in the body have small amounts of smooth ER.
Hepatocytes have an eosinophilic cytoplasm, indicating numerous mitochondria, and basophilic stippling because of large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes.
Brown lipofuscin granules are also found (with increasing age) together with irregular unstained areas of cytoplasm; these indicate cytoplasmic glycogen and lipid stores that are removed during histological preparation.
The average life cycle of the hepatocyte is 5 months; they are capable of regeneration.
Hepatocyte nuclei are normally round with dispersed chromatin and prominent nucleoli.
Anisokaryosis (Variation in the size of the nuclei of cells) is frequent and often indicates tetraploidy (cells with 4 homologous sets of chromosomes and other degrees of polyploidy (containing many homologous sets of chromosomes), a normal feature of 30-40% of hepatocytes in adult human liver.
Binucleate cells are also frequent.
Hepatocytes are structured into plates separated by vascular channels (sinusoids), and collection supported by a reticulin (collagen type III) network.
The hepatocyte plates are only single cell thick in humans.
Sinusoids demonstrate a discontinuous, fenestrated endothelial cell lining.
The endothelial cells have no basement membrane and are divided from the hepatocytes by the space of Disse which drains the lymph fluid
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