New Concept Mathematics
By Brown Mark
()
About this ebook
At least out of every 5 grade 12 students have little or no interest in arithmetical aspect of Mathematics. At least 7 out of 10 educated adults would tell you they managed to scale through passing Mathematics back in their high schools and tertiary education. It is no doubt that the principles of basic mathematics could look very obscure and ambiguous, so it is normal you're struggling with it, you're not alone. From my few years of teaching mathematics, I discovered an approach that worked effectively that even the laziest of my students can explain a great deal of topics in basic mathematics. It's all about the approach. So be relaxed.
In the preparation of this material, a thorough research was done to determine topics that should be treated. The topics selected are topics that are useful not only to secondary school students, but they perfectly meet the needs of adults who are seeking to build or reignite their interest in basic mathematics. This book gives a detailed explanation of every steps in each topics with practical examples in an interactive manner. Fewer pages and exercises to prevent boredom unlike others. Some of the important topics treated are :
Percentage and its applications
Rules of mathematical operation ordering
Profit and loss
Discounts and commission
Fractions and their applications.....and some other topics.
It's highly recommendable for those who want to build and reignite their passion for mathematics regardless of their ages. A simple aspect of arithmetic can put you in a big mess if you don't get it right now, studying effectively this material will certainly and assuredly save you from such mess and help build and boost your confidence in basic mathematical concept.
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Book preview
New Concept Mathematics - Brown Mark
CHAPTER ONE: THE RULE AND APPLICATION OF BODMAS/PEDMAS
Hello,
Welcome to the foundation of Mathematical operations. Are you ready?
MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THIS LESSON: solving book, pen, timer and calculator (optional)
Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
+ Understand operational ordering in mathematical expression using BODMAS/PEDMAS.
+ Solve mathematical operations using the principle of BODMAS/PEDMAS
*****
Okay, let's begin.
BODMAS is an acronym (meaning each letter of BODMAS represent a word) which ranks the order of Mathematical operations in descending order of superiority.
PEMDAS is commonly used in the USA it serves the same function as BODMAS. The PEMDAS acronym is:
Parentheses,
Exponents (powers and roots),
Multiplication and Division,
Addition and Subtraction.
Simpler explanation: This means that when you are dealing with operations involving addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, use of bracket, a hierarchical order which states the operation that will come first and the one that follows should be applied.
Here's where the acronym BODMAS comes into the picture.
Let's break and analyze each letters
A 1.1
B———Bracket ( )
O———Order
D———Division ÷
M———Multiplication ✖
A———Addition +
S———-Subtraction
Now, if I'm solving a Mathematical operation that involves bracket, addition and multiplication. Which of the operations will I execute first?
-Bracket, addition and multiplication? NO. Why is this order wrong?
Answer: It's against the rule of BODMAS. Letter M comes before letter A in the ordering, this means I'm supposed to carry out multiplication before my addition.
So the correct order should be:
✓ Bracket first, followed by multiplication then addition.
I guess it's making sense now??
Note: Regardless of what operation the bracket contains, it could be addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, it should be treated first. Moreover BODMAS is also applicable in the bracket
### Let’s go more practical ###
Q 1.1
Solve: 2+5÷5×2
Before checking through the solution, attempt this question on your own, if you get the following answers (2.8, 0.7, 2.5) then you're strongly advised to study further into the solution.
Solution:
The operation above has how many operational symbols?
# 3
Good!
-We have addition, division and multiplication. NEXT!
-Let’s rearrange this so we can obey the BODMAS rule.
Division, Multiplication and Addition.
I hope you get this? If you don't refer back to A 1.1.
The approach:
Step 1: Locate the operational sign that should come first.
Division? Yes!
Observation: There are two numbers around the division sign. No problem with that. Step 2: put them in a bracket.
2+ (5÷5) ×2
It's looking quite different now, isn't it? The essence of the bracket is that I'm placing urgency on that operation; I want that part to be solved first. Don't forget, we say solve what is in the bracket first.
It's getting interesting now.
If I divide 5 into 5 places, I'll get 1.
Therefore, it becomes:
2+(1) ×2
Now, the next operation should be multiplication. Therefore I'll have
2+1×2
I have gotten rid of the bracket from the first operation as I'm done with it.
Step 3: I place another bracket where around the 2 digits that bound the multiplication sign. That is (1×2).
So we now have:
2+(1×2)
2 +(2)=4
Most