You are on page 1of 4

45-3 pmrsufESm- 1 -(OD;Owrom&)

45-3

trSefw&m;rSvGJvQif
tm;vHk;udk
;rJhpGefYvTwf
OD;Owrom& opt<uif
mw&m;udo
k mvQif
(26.10.1969- )
jrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;yg\/
\ axkyw
d
,HkMunftm;udk;yg\/
tew
aygif;oif;tazmfjyKyg\/
(oknwkyfemrfESpfyg;) opmw&m;jzifo
h mvQif
uajymwJh
trsm;tusdK;tygt0if
tewtaMumif;(odkY) t&m&mwdik ;f udak qmif&u
G f
ig? ighb0[laom
yg\/
txifrSm;
(26.10.1969)
t0dZmaMumifh
oDwif;uRwv
f jynfah eYn
ay:aygufvmaom 9em&D10rdepfwiG pf pfuikd ;f
ar;cGe;f aygif;?jyemaygif;? wdkif;? uomNrdKU zcif
tIyftaxG;?
OD;wifarmif? rdcif a':
trSm;t,Gif;aygif; cifcifjrifw
h YkdrzS mG ;jrifc\
hJ /
ajrmufjrm;pGmtwGuf om;3a,mufteuftBu;D
0dZmPfjzifh
qH;k jzpfNy;D avmuDatmifjrif
&Sif;vif;csuf
rlrsm;&&dSap&ef&nf&G,f

t0dZmrS 0dZmodkY
trSefw&m;
tvSLawmfvkyfief;ESifh
45vrf;obm0&dyo
f m/
45?45vrf;?&efukefNrdKU?
zkef;-298196
ESvHk;om;\rajymif;vJ
aomypKyeo
f pmpum;
bk&m;&Sif&SmazGazmfxkwf
ay;cJhaomopmav;yg;

ta':jzpfou
l atmifuu
kd kd
[k trnfay;\/
(1)w&m;tm;rxkwfcif
(29)ESpft&G,ftxd
bmoma&; ,HkMunfrI
Ak'bmom0if jzpf
aomfvnf;rdbrsm;enf;wl
bk&m;?w&m;?oHCm&wem
oH;k yg;tay:wGif omru
rnfonfb
h moma&;udrk Q
i,fpOfuyifpdwf0ifpm;rI
vH;k 0r&dcS /hJ bmoma&;ESihf

45-3 pmrsufESm- 5 -(OD;Owrom&)

wdu
k yf 0JG if&mrS 1996wGif
trSw1f 26(3vTm)38vrf;
tcef;udk BudKyGdKifh (t&pf
us aiGay;acspepf)jzifh
0,f,l\/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
ief;odoo
d momatmifjrif
vmjcif;ESifhtwl tpk&S,f
,m&Sirf sm;ygwjznf;jznf;
yg0ifvmrIaMumif(h 1999)
wGif pwdk;qdkif3qdkif? 0ef
xrf; (100)eD;yg;txd
vkyfief; BuD;rm;vm\/
vlUavmuwGiw
f u
kd ef YJum;
eJY udk,fhajcaxmufay:
udk,f &yfwnfcsifaom
rlv&nfrSef;csuf jynfhpHk
vmNyD jzpfaomfvnf;
auseyf a&mifh&JrI &dSrvm
onft
h jyifuek x
f w
k f vkyf
ief;&Sif jzpfcsifvmjcif;
aMumifh ukefypnf;jzefYcsd
a&;vkyfief;udkyg csJUxGif
vkyfudkif\/ pD;yGm;a&;
atmifjrifvmoavmuf
avmbuydyk Bkd uD;vmaomf
vnf;bk&m;?w&m;?oHCm
tay:,HkMunfrIESifh ywf
oufrl bk&m;yif yHkrSef
r&dScdk;jzpfawmhyg/ 29ESpf
t&G,fw&m;ESifh rawGUrD
vydik ;f tvdt
k xd?38vrf;
tcef;wGib
f &k m;pifo;D oefY

r&dScJhyg/
(4) pD;yGm;a&; atmifyGJcH
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh
udk,fwdkifodtrSefw&m;

udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;
pvkyfzdkY tm;,lpOfuyif
tcuftcJ rSeforQudk
atmifjrifpmG ausmjf zwfEikd f
&ygvdk\[k bk&m;&dScdk;
wdik ;f tNrJqak wmif;cJ\
h /
&nfrSef;csufBuD;rm;vGef;
aomrdrdb0twGufawmh
pdww
f ikd ;f rusrq
I w
kd mtNrJ
&dSaeojzifhr&yfrem;aom
BudK;yrf;rItopfrsm;ESifh
twl jyemqdkwm
a&SmifvrJG &Edik jf cif;aMumifh
taumif;qHk;ausmfjzwfzdkY
udkom tNrJpOf;pm;\/
rdrd vdkcsif?jzpfcsifonfh
twdik ;f &ud&k &rnf?jzpfukd
jzpf&rnf[al om,HMk unfrI
tjynfjh zifh ud,
k yf ikd pf ;D yGm;
a&;vkyu
f ikd &f mrSBuHKawGY&
aompD;yGm;a&;avmu\
tIyftaxG;aygif;pHk? 0ef
xrf; jyemaygif;pHkudk
ud,
k t
hf m;ud,
k u
f ;kd NyD;7ESpf
qufwdkuftpGrf;ukef &if
qdkif ajz&Sif;\/ ypKyef
tcsdeftcgESifhtajctae
udk vdkuf rSefuefaom

45-3 pmrsufESm- 2 -(OD;Owrom&)

rdrdESifh bmrSrqdkif[kyif
xifrw
S cf \
hJ /oHCmawmf
rsm;ESifhajymqdk?qufqHzl;
jcif;vnf;r&d?S oHCmawmf
rsm;\b0udkvnf; pdwf
r0ifpm;? udk,fcsif;vnf;
vH;k 0rpmemwwfc?hJ uom
NrdKY&dS OD;av;ta':rsm;ESifh
twlaepOfrdrd(9)ESpfom;
t&G,fcefYu nDtvwf
ud&k if0wfaomfvnf; pdwf
r0ifpm;ojzifh r0wfcJhyHk?
tv,fwef;ausmif;om;
b0u awGUBuHK&aom
rlqvifbmom0ifoil ,f
csif;wpfOD;\ txl; BudK;
pm;*kpdkufNyD; OykofoDv
apmifx
h ed ;f yHEk iS w
hf uov
kd f
wGif ygVdudk (Minor) bm
omtjzpf oif,l&pOfu
vHk;0 pdwfr0ifpm;ojzifh
ygVdaMumifh pmar;yGJus
rvdk jzpfcJh&jcif;aMumifh
aemufESpfwGif ordkif;bm
omudak jymif;,lcjhJ cif;rsm;
om bmoma&;ESifh ywf
oufrSwrf w
S &f &&dcS \
hJ /
(2) ausmif;om;b0
i,fpOfuyifynma&;
udk tvGef pdwf0ifpm;\/
touf4ESpfausmfuyif
rdrdESifh&G,fwluav;rsm;

ausmif;0wfpHkudk,fpDESifh
ausmif;oGm;aeonfujkd rif
awGU&&mrSrb
d udk twif;
ylqmNyD; toufrjynfhrD
yif ausmif;pwufcJh\/
cufcufcJcJpOf;pm; wGuf
csuf tajzxkwf&aom
ocsmFykpmrsm;udk i,fpOf
uyif ausmif;om;csif;
jyefoifjyay;&avmuf
atmifuRr;f usio
f avmuf
rSwfPfoHk; tvGwf
usurf w
S &f aom usupf m
rsm;udrk l pdw0f ifpm;rIenf;
vGef;\/ pmzwf0goem
ygvGe;f jcif;?abmvH;k uef?
jcif;vHk;cwfponfhupm;
rufvGef;jcif;wdkYaMumifh
q,fwef;ra&mufrt
D csed f
txdynma&;wGipf w
d 0f if
pm;rI?BudK;pm;rI tm;enf;
cJh\?q&m0efjzpf&rnf[l
aom,HkMunfcsuftjynfh
jzifh txl;BudK;pm; aomf
vnf; &nfrSef;xm;ovdk
pdwfwdkif;us rajzqdkEdkif
aom1985q,fwef; pm
ar;yGu
J kd aemufq;kH aeYwiG f
qufrajzjzpfcJh/ rdcif\
EdkifiHom;rSwfyHkwifr&Edkif
ao;ojzifq
h &m0efjzpf&ef
raocsmrnfhtwlwlb0

45-3 pmrsufESm- 6 -(OD;Owrom&)

qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ajymif;vJ


csrSwfvkyfudkifjcif;jzifh
jyemaygif;pHak jz&Si;f &m
wGiyf ykd kd uRr;f usiv
f mjcif;
ESifhtwl pD;yGm;a&; wpf
&dSefxdk;atmifjrifvm\?
xdktawmtwGif;
zcifbufrOS ;D av;?ta':
wdYk \jyefvnfaphpyfay;rI
aMumifrh b
d rsm;ESijhf yefvnf
oifjh rwfomG ;\/odUk aomf
avmuom;wdkYtl;trl;?
tirf;r& tvGeftrif;
txifBuD;tm;usaeaom
ky0f wKypn;f ydik q
f ikd rf ?I aiG
aMu;csrf;omrI? xifay:
ausmfMum;rI? udk,fhpdwfeJY
udk,fhudk,f?tppt&m&m
ud,
k ahf jcud,
k v
hf ufjzpfae
aomtjynft
h 0vGwv
f yfrI
paomavmuDt&nftcsi;f
rsm;wGifyg,HkMunfpdwfcs
&rI? cdkifcefYwnfNrJrI? pdwf
csrf;omrI?auseyfa&mifh&J
rIESifhavmu'Pfudkrwkef
rvIyf cHEdkif&nf&dSrIrsm;
rawGU&aomtcgwGifrl
pD;yGm;a&;orm;b0\
t"dym,f? tESpfom&ESifh
csrf;omtppfqdkonfrSm
bmrSef;rodatmif vrf;
pa ysmufoGm;\/

(5)uHqdk;jcif;aMumifh
rmefrmeus(uHaumif;)\/

pD;yGm;a&;avmuxJwiG f
ig[laomtxifrSm;jzifh
kef;uefwdkufyGJ0iff&if;
tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK;udk
ausmfjzwf atmifjrifrI
rsm; &,lEdkifavav? igh
PfpGrf;?igh0D&d,tm;[k
wigigjzifh rmefrme ykdydk
wufavavjzpf\/
vkyforQjzpfavav?bm
vkyf&rSmudkrS raMumuf
awmh/ xdktm;BuD;aom
avmb?a'go?arm[rsm;
aMumifhatmifpwdk;trSwf
(3)udkzGifhvSpf&efqdkifcef;
iSm;&rf;&if;ydwfxm;aom
xdt
k cef;xJ&ySd ;kd [yfaygif;
ajrmufjrm;pGmudjk cifaq;Al;
BuD;ESpfAl; ukefatmifjzef;
&uf&ufpufpufowfchJ
rd\/ jcif?,if?jc?yk&Guf
qdw?f yd;k [yf?<uufpaom
wd&dpmefrsm;onfvlom;
rsm;twGuf tE&m,f[k
,lqumtusiyhf gaeonfh
twdkif; wpfaumifp?ESpf
aumifpqdo
k vdt
k NrJvv
kd kd
owfjzwfvmcJo
h jzif,
h ck
vdkrsm;rsm;pm;pm;owfzdkU
vnf; 0efrav;jcif;jzpf

45-3 pmrsufESm- 3 -(OD;Owrom&)

wl oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f


udkom t"duxm; pmjy
ay;&if;ajzqdak om 1986
q,fwef;pmar;yGJwGif
t*Fvyd pf m?ocsmF ?"mwkyl ?
EdkifiHordkif; av;bmom
*kPfxl; (pkpkaygif; 493
rSw)f jzifh atmifjrifc\
hJ /
pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyvQif
rdrd0goemygaomusK&Sif
jypm;&onf[laom
&nf&,
G cf sufjzifh t*Fvyd f
pmar*sm,l\/wuov
kd f
pwufNyD;wpfEpS af usmMf um
rS rdcifjrefrmEdik if o
H m;jzpf
oGm;\?pD;yGm;a&;wpfzuf
vkyfudkif&if; 1994wGif
&efukefwuodkvfrS (BA.
English.Honours)bGUJ &\/
rdrdtxl;arQmfvihf txif
BuD;tm;uscahJ omavmuD
ynma&;onf[dkvdkvdk?'D
vdkvdkESifhyif bGJUvufrSwf
wpfc&k jcif;jzift
h qH;k owf
oGm;\/
(3)pD;yGm;a&;orm;b0/
Bu;D us,zf aYkd o;odr&f ovd?k
ao;odrfzdkY BuD;us,f&\/

ukodkvfvnf;&?0rf;
vnf;0onf[t
k xifBuD;
cJhaom q&m0efb0jzifh
at;at;aq;aq;touf

arG;csiaf omfvnf;b,fvkd
rS tajctaeray;ojzifh
jzpfcsifwmvkyfvdkYr&&if?
tajctaeay;wm?&wm
vkyrf nf[k qH;k jzwfcsucf s
um (16)ESpftG,frSp
ynma&;wpfzufEiS phf ;D yGm;
a&;avmuxJ pwif0if
a&muf&mrSp;D yGm;a&;rdiI ;f rd
oGm;NyD; wjznf;jznf;ESifh
avmbtvGeBf uD;vm\/
rdbESifhom;orD;
(vlBuD;ESifhvli,f)Mum;
b,fvrkd n
S Ed iId ;f r&aom
pdk;&drfylyefpdwfESifh pl;prf;
avhvmpGefYpm;vdkpdwfwdkY
\ (7)ESpfMum tdrfwGif;
jyemrsm;udt
k qH;k owf
onfhtaejzifh (23)ESpf
t&G,1f 992wGib
f ,fawmh
rS aemufjyefrvSnfh[k
,wdjywf qHk;jzwfcsuf
csum tdrfrS tNyD;xGuf
vmcJh\/ tdrfrS xGufzdkY
ta&; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
csDwHkcswHk jzpfaecJhNyD;rS
aemufwpfESpfMumvQif
wu,fxGufawmhrnf[k
acgif;at;at;xm;NyD;
wpfESpfBudKwif qHk;jzwf
csucf sjyifqifcjhJ cif;aMumifh
txajrmuf atmifjrif

45-3 pmrsufESm- 7 -(OD;Owrom&)

\/ ydk;rGm;rsm;tm; owf
jcif;onf tjypf&o
Sd nf[k
rodem;rvnf owfrd
jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;aoap
vdak omapwemutjynfh
t0ygae\/ avmuu
owfrw
S x
f m;aomw&m;
Oya't&tjypfr&dSojzifh
ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;rcH
&ygaomfvnf; tNrJ&dSae
aomobm0w&m;Oya'
t&rltjypfjzpfaeygojzifh
xdktm;BuD;aom rdrd\
tukov
kd u
f o
H nfcsucf si;f
vufiif;tusdK;ay;\/
qdkifopfrzGifhrD
tcef;jyifaeqJrmS yifrw
D m
jzwfcH&ojzifh rD;jyef&zdkY
wpfvausmfMumatmif
tvkyfIyfoGm;cJh\/ xdk
qdkifopfzGifhNyD; rMumrDrSm
yif aiGESpfaomif;ausmf
wefz;kd &dpS ydYk&yS t
f xnfrsm;
b,fvrkd v
S ufonfov
J eG f
p &Smr&atmif aysmufq;kH
oGm;\/ qH;k H;I rIwefz;kd u
rajymyavmufaomfvnf;
jyemaygif; ajrmuf
jrm;pGm ajz&Sif;vmcJhNyD;rS
vHk;0tajz&Smr&onfh xdk
jyemaMumifh rdrdem;
rvnf rajz&Sif;Edkifwm

awG avmuBuD;rSm&daS o;
ygvm;[k rmefrmetBuD;
tus,fus&\/ b,fvdk
yif tpGrf;ukef BudK;pm;?
BudK;pm; xdkqdkifopfrSm
ta&mif;t0,faumif;rvm
onfuv
kd nf;r,HEk ikd pf &m
BuHKawGU&\/ xdkYaemuf
ukefypnf; jzefUcsd&mwGif
oHk;onfh(SunnyPickUp)
um;'dkifbm\ trSm;
aMumifu
h m;csi;f wdu
k rf jI zpf
&mrS avsmfaMu;ay;?um;
jyefjyif&onfph &dwaf iGEpS f
odef;cGJausmf ukefusoGm;
jyef\/ a&SUydkif;ysufpD;
oGm;aomum;i,fav;udk
qdkifrefae*smESpfa,muf
ESit
hf wl(LiteAcePickUp)
um;BuD;ESifh urm&GwfrS
ykZeG af wmiftxd nOfeh uf
oef;acgifausmfoGm;qGJydkY
&onf'h u
k u
vnf;w&m;
ESio
hf mrawGUygub,fvkd
rSrarhEikd pf &m 'kuj zpf\/
xdktcdsefurl bmaMumifh
tukov
kd f zdp;D cH&rSe;f em;
rvnfcJh/w&m;tm;xkwf
&if;avmb?a'go?arm[
enf;vmawmhrS wd&dpmef
rsm;tm; aoapvdkjcif;
onf tukodkvfjzpfNyD;

45-3 pmrsufESm- 4 -(OD;Owrom&)

jcif;jzpf\/ BudKwifjyif
qifrrl sm;xJwiG pf ;D yGm;a&;
vkyfudkifvdkY b,fvdkrS
tqifrajycJv
h Qif oGm;ae
&efawmif'*Hk ay20_60
ajruGufwpfuGufudk
ajcmufaomif;oHk;axmif
usyjf zif0h ,f,jl cif;vnf;yg
0if\/ (xdkajruGufudk
126(3)vTm?38vrf;tcef;
0,f,laomtcgwGifrS
jyefa&mif;vdkuf\/)
txufykZGefawmif
vrf;rBuD;ay:wGiftcef;
wpfcef;BudKwifimS ;&rf;um
tdrfrSxGufvQifxGufcsif;
xdt
k cef;wGi0f efxrf; wpf
a,muf?ypn;f tenf;i,f
jzifh tdrfqdkifav; pzGifhcJh
\/ vdktyfaomaiGtcsdKY
udk nD0rf;uGJwpfa,muf
xHrSacs;,l\?rcHcsifpdwf
jzift
h pGr;f ukeBf udK;pm;jcif;
aMumifv
h yk w
f ikd ;f jzpfaeaom
pD;yGm;a&;udak vmbwBuD;
vkyu
f ikd af e&if; rD;I;rD;yef;
rsm;a&mif;ojzifh &Jpcef;
wGi(f 1)vMumoGm;a&muf
aexdkif&ao;\/vlu &J
pcef;a&mufaeaomfvnf;
pD;yGm;a&;udk b,fvdka&SU
quf vkyfudkif&rnfudk

om pdwfuawG;aerd\/
rdr\
d tukov
kd u
f t
H usdK;
ay;aMumifh[kvnf; em;
rvnf? aemifwvnf;
vH;k 0r&onft
h jyif&pJ cef;
rSjyefa&mufvmaomtcg
rcHcsifpdwfjzifh pD;yGm;a&;
udyk Nkd yD;BudK;pm;vkyu
f ikd \
f /
&Jpcef;wGifaecJh&aomxdk
wpfvonf aiGaMu;ESifh
tcsdef qHk;HI;epfemrIrsm;
pGmjzpfcJhaomfvnf;tjcm;
wpfbufwGifrl b0wl
'kuo
nfrsm;udu
k ,
kd cf sif;
pmemwwfrt
I jyifaiGaMu;
jzifh b,fvdkrS ay;0,f
r&Edkifaom?wefzdk;rjzwf
Edik o
f nfb
h 0tawGUtBuHK
rsm;pGm &cJh\/
(owfrSwfxm;aom
Oya'?owfrw
S x
f m;aom
tjypf'Pfjzifh avmb?
a'go?arm[pdwu
f q
kd ;kH r
r&rSef;odojzifhvnf;
w&m;&dyfomrsm;zGifhaom
tcgvlaygif;pHkvufcHNyD;
w&m;jzifh pdwfudkjyKjyif
ay;jcif;jzpf\/)
rdr\
d b0wpfc&k yf
wnfEikd af &;twGuw
f &m;
aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
tjyif;txef pD;yGm;a&;

45-3 pmrsufESm- 8 -(OD;Owrom&)

xdt
k ukov
kd t
f m;BuD;oGm;
jcif;aMumifh csufcsif;
raumif;usdK;ay;jcif;[k
Pf&Sif;oGm;\/
b0wlvlom;csif;
wrifwumrni;f qJaomf
vnf; (31)bHkom;csif;
jzpfaomwd&pmerf sm;tm;
pdk;&drfxdwfvefY? touf
qH;k H;I atmif vkyaf eaom
aMumifh rdrdvnf;wlaom
tusdK;ay;umpdk;&drfxdwf
vefYae&jcif; jzpf\/
olrsm;toufenf;wl
rdrt
d oufEiS yhf wfouf
vnf; txl;wefz;kd rxm;
jcif;aMumifh w&m;om
tm;rxkwjf zpfyguemrnf
usef&pfNyD;ao&jcif;uydk
aumif;onf[al omud,
k hf
tpGJESifhudk,f toufwdk
rnfuv
kd nf; odem;vnf
vm\/
(w&m;tm;xkwf
cEmig;yg;?ocFg&w&m;
wdkU\ wlnDaom tedp?
'ku? tew trSefw&m;
wdkUudk ydkydkodvmavav
ow0g tm;vHk;vdkvdkudk
wpfwef;wnf;xm;vmEdik f
jcif;aMumifh oDvvHkvm
avavjzpf\?olwpfyg;

touftE&m,frxdcu
kd f
atmif apmifhxdef;vmEdkif
ojzifrh rd t
d ouftE&m,f
twGufvnf; ylp&mr&dS
jzpfumi,fi,f&,
G &f ,
G Ef iS hf
raoEdkifawmhonfudkyg
em;vnfvm\/)
(6)29ESpw
f iG f opmw&m;
ESifhpawGUjcif;

tukodkvfuHrsm;\
tBuD;tus,zf pd ;D EdyS pf uf
tudsK;ay;jcif;udck aH e&qJ
wGif tH;I ay:aeaom xdk
qdik cf ef;qufimS ;?riSm;udp
twGuu
f ek af ps;wef;vrf;&dS
tcef;&Siaf ':rlrEl iS phf um;
ajymqdk&if; rxifrSwfbJ
awGU&aomyxrqk;H "r
rdwaf qGa':aomif;aomif;
(a':rlrlY tr)\zdwfac:
csuft& rdrt
d csdeaf y;Edik f
oavmuftcsed yf ikd ;f tm;
xkwf &onfqdkaom
tif;pdef10rdkif GmrBuD;
ausmif;&Sd 5&ufw&m;
pcef;av;odkY refae*sm
wpfa,mufEiS t
hf wl(16.3.
99)wGifpa&mufoGm;\/
oufawmf(80)eD;yg;&dS
q&mawmfBu;D OD;em&'a[m
Mum;aom&J&aJ wmufopm
w&m;udyk xrqH;k tBudrf

45-3 pmrsufESm- 9 -(OD;Owrom&)

emMum;&&mrS vl ewf
jA[m yk*dKvf ow0g?
a,musfm;rdef;r[k trsdK;
rsdK;wu,fuGJjym;aejcif;
r[kwb
f J wlno
D nfh pdwf
apwoduf kyf? oabm
y&rwfcEmig;yg;csnf;yJ
[laomtod0ifvm\/
xdktodudk ydkNyD; ydkifydkif
EdkifEdkif odvdkpdwfjzifh
(5)&uf qufwu
kd f reuf
wdkif; w&m;oGm;xdkif\/
(b0wlvlwef;pm;rsm;
udk udk,fcsif;pmpdwfjzifh
45vrf;&dyo
f mwGirf nfoYl
udkrqdk tcsdefra&G; vGwf
vGwfvyfvyf w&m;vm
xdik cf iG ahf y;xm;jcif;jzpf\?)
xdik Nf yD;pdwef UJ vky&f wJh
tvkyfjzpf bmrS rcuf
[k tjriftm;jzifx
h ifp&m
&daS omfvnf;yxrqH;k &uf
wGif 10rdepfyif NidrfNidrf
xdkifr&/ eif;uef tvdk
vdkufxm;aom pdwfu
b,fvdkrS xdef;r&atmif
a,muf,ufcwfae\/
udk,fcEmudk tvdkvdkuf
iJhnmwm tusifhygae
ojzifah 0'emursm;vnf;
rsm;?jyif;vnf; jyif;\/
bmrqdik gvky&f ifjzpfr,f

xifaom rmefrmeonf
yxrwpfBudrfw&m;xdkif
onfESifhyif tawmfavsmh
oGm;\/
(5)&ufajrmufaeUwGif
0ifavxGufavudk wpf?
ESpf?oHk;?av; a&wGuf&if;
orm"d ydkydkwnfMunf
vmonfhaemuf ('ku)
a0'emqdw
k mud,
k x
f ifxm;
ovdk twHk;vdkuf twpf
vdu
k rf [kwb
f jJ zpfpOfwpf
ck?wpfcpk rD eS ;f ESix
hf jkd zpfpOf
wdkif;onf udk,fhoabm
twvHk;0uif;rSef;odvm
\/ xdkrSwpfqifh a0'em
wpfck\jzpfpOfonf ydkydk
jrefvmNyD; aemufqHk;wGif
wpfcck yk (J a0'emyJ?odpw
d f
yJ)[kqpkd &mr&daS wmhonfh
jzpfakH v;jzpfaeonfo
h pm
w&m;udkrdepfydkif;cefYMum
onftxd qufqufod
vm\/ xdktcdkufwGif
a0'emcsKyfoGm;rnf[k
arQmfvifhaomudavom
pdwMf um;xd;k vmjcif;aMumifh
a0'emwdk;vmjyef\?xdk
odkU Pfxufvmvdkuf
arQmfvifhcsuf udavom
Mum;0ifxdk;vdkufESifhawmf
awmfMumoGm;\/a0'em

45-3 pmrsufESm- 13 -(OD;Owrom&)

tBudrfpa&mufonfESifh
&dyfom\Nidrfouf wdwf
qdwfrIaMumifh w&m;xdkif
vdkpdwfay:vm\? pHkprf;
Munfh&m wpfOD;pmae&m
usefaMumif;od&aemuf
wpf&ufwGif pm&if;oGm;
ay;NyD; w&m;pcef;0ifjzpf
oGm;\/
10&ufpvHk; yHkrSef
w&m;xdkifcsdefrsm; tyg
t0if tcsdef&Snf 4em&D
qufwdkuf aeYpOf w&m;
xdkif\/udk,fwdkifarG;jrL
cJhonfhtm;BuD; jyif;xef
aomudavomrD;udu
k ,
kd f
wdkifcufcufcJcJjyefvnf
Nidrf;owf&jcif;jzpf\/
a0'em\tcsn;f ED;S
tew trSefw&m;udk
rsm;rsm;odav a0'emudk
t[kwfxifNyD;NidwG,fae
aom tpGJavsmhvmjcif;
aMumifha0'emcH&rIvnf;
oufomvmavjzpf\/
(7)&ufajrmufaeYav;em&D
qufwdkufw&m;xdkifpOf
twGi;f a0'empGv
J ;kH 0csKyf
aysmufoGm;jcif;ESifhtwl
tewPfay:vm jyef
\/w&m;jzKwfvu
kd af omf
vnf;ypKyefpdwfrSeforQ

udrk qdik rf eS ;f odonf


h Pf
utcsdew
f ikd ;f OD;pD;vsuf&Sd
\?bmyJvyk af eaewu,f
&dSwmu oabm y&rwf
cEmig;yg;topftopf?
xdktrSefw&m;udkodonfh
Pfuvnf;tcsdew
f ikd ;f
topf?igr[kwfawmhjym
,mcwfp&m r&dS? ylp&m
vnf;r&dS? csrf;omvdkuf
wmrSajymp&mpum;r&dS/
xdck sr;f omaMumifah &SUquf
NyD; w&m;tm;xkwfvdkuf
vQifvUl b0jzifq
h ufrae
EdkifawmhbJ bkef;BuD;0wf
csifpdwfjzpfvmrvm; [l
aom tawG;0ifvm\/
pD;yGm;a&;tIyaf wGwpfzuf
ESib
hf ek ;f BuD;0wfcsipf w
d rf &dS
ojzifhvnf;xdktawG;0if
vmjcif;jzpf\/wu,f&dS
y&rwfPfMum;xJ
wu,fr&dSonfh yk*dKvf?
ow0gtxifrSm;tawG;
udavomMum;0ifEySd pf uf
jcif;udt
k awmfav;cHvu
kd f
&\/
rarQmv
f ifx
h m;aom
jyemaMumifhbmquf
vky&f rSe;f rodbaJ cwawG
a0aerdNyD;rS vuf&dS BuHK
awGUae&aomw&m;csrf;

45-3 pmrsufESm- 10 -(OD;Owrom&)

csKyfrmS yJ [laom arQmv


f ifh
csuv
f ;kH 0ukeq
f ;kH oGm;onfh
pkpak ygif;w&m;xdik cf sed Ef pS f
em&De;D yg;tMumb,fvrkd S
rarQmv
f ifx
h m;aomtcsed f
wGifrS ('ku)a0'em\
taMumif;vufonftppf
jzpfonfah 0'em&do
S nf[k
xifaeaomrdr\
d t,lrmS ;?
trSwfrSm;?todrSm;(a0'
emedp)tpGJjyKwfoGm;jcif;
ESit
hf wlrnfonfah vmuD
tod?avmuDatmifjrifrI
urS ray;pGrf;Edkifaom
pdw\
f vGwv
f yfr?I Nird ;f at;
rItppfuu
kd ,
kd af wGY(Pf
awGU) BuHK&jcif;aMumifh
vlUavmuxJrS bk&m;?
w&m;?oHCm tay:yg
yxrqH;k tBudraf v;av;
eufeufpw
d 0f ifpm;vm\/
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkif
ae&if;yg yk*Kd vf? ow0g?
igol(wpfa,mufa,muf)
u pD;yGm;a&;(wpfckckudk)
vkyjf cif;r[kw?f taMumif;
tusK;d rSe;f Pf&iS ;f ae\/
xif&Sm;aom'kua0'em
ay:wdik ;f vnf;csucf si;f qdk
ovdk a0'em\ jzpfHk
oufoufuav;rQom
jzpfjcif;?wpfcck yk ?J a0'emyJ

[k qdkp&mr&dSjcif; tew
trSefw&m; todPf
tvdv
k akd y:aejcif;aMumifh
1999oBuFef xdak usmif;
wGifyif yxrtBudrf'kv
b&[ef;cH&if;yxrtBurd f
tcsdefjynfh 5&uf w&m;
pcef;0ifjzpfoGm;\/
pcef;&uftwGif;
wpfck? wpfa,muf? wpf
csdef? wpfae&mqdkonfh
owfrSwfcsufynwfrsm;
vH;k 0uif;onfh 0dyem
Pfqufwdkufjyefjzpf
atmiftpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;
\/av;&ufajrmufaeYrS
p0dyemPftppf
oabmudak umif;aumif;
odoGm;ovdk aemufydkif;
tm;xkwf&mwGifvnf;
0dyemPfrsm;rsm;
jzpfzdkY vrf;yGifhoGm;\/
,cif tm;xkwfpOfu
PfjzpfoGm;aomfvnf;
PftaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; rodao;yg/
(w&m;tawGYtBuHKrsm;
&Sif;jy&mwGif a0'em[l
aomwlnDonfh ynwf
pum;omoH;k pGaJ omfvnf;
aemufydkif;usava0'em
ynwf aemufuG,fu

45-3 pmrsufESm- 14 -(OD;Owrom&)

omaMumifhjzpfcsif&mjzpf
aemufrqkwaf wmhb;l [k
qH;k jzwfum(8)&ufajrmuf
aeYwiG x
f ikd af eus(4)em&D
tpm;(7em&Dc)JG qufwu
kd f
w&m;xdik &f efq;kH jzwf\/
udavomMum;0ifomG ;NyD;
rScsrw
S af omqH;k jzwfcsuf
jzpfaomaMumifhvdkcsifrI
ygaeonfudk r&dyfrdbJ
tcsdefxyfwdk;xdkifjcif;
aMumifh ajcmufem&DMum
w&m;xdik t
f NyD;b,fvrkd S
rcHr&yfEikd af oma0'emqd;k
jzifw
h &m;jzKwfvu
kd &f \/
&dyo
f mrSxu
G v
f mNyD;
aemuf aeYpOfyHkrSefw&m;
xdik cf sed Ef iS o
hf mG ;vmaexdik f
&if;w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f rdcsdef
ydkrsm;vmonfESifhtrQ
avmuDtvkyfrsm;\
tjypfudk ydkem;vnfvm
jcif;aMumifw
h &m;ESirhf awGU
rDuig[laomtxifrSm;
jzifh q,fwef;ajzNyD;csdef
rSwuodkvfausmif;om;
b0txdtl;xa&;om;
cJhaom aeYpOfrSwfwrf;
'dik ,
f m&Dpmtkyrf sm;?"mwfykH
t,fvb
f rfrsm;tm;vH;k udk
(jyefjrifae&vQiftl;em
jyefjyefxvmojzif)h aemuf

vnf;b,fawmhrSjyefa&;
awmhrnfr[kw[
f q
k ;kH jzwf
umykZGefawmifacsmif;xJ
vHk;0pGefYypfvdkuf\/,ck
uJhodkY w&m;oabmjzihf
cufcufcJcJ?tcsdefrsm;pGm
tukefcHNyD;jyefa&;jyjcif;
rSm trsm;tusdK;twGuf
oufoufjzpf\/
(10)'kwd,tBudrf10&uf
w&m;pcef;0ifjcif;

bmawGnmawG?
b,fob
l ,f0g?b,fae&m
b,ftcsdeftcg [laom
owfrSwfcsufrsm;udk pdwf
u vufcHavav? jzpfHk
av;jzpfaeonfh pdwf\
y&rwftrSefw&m; uG,f
aysmufavav jzpfjcif;
aMumifhrdrd\vdkcsifrI?jzpf
csifrI?ylyefrI?igxifrIrsm;
uomy&rwfomoemudk
zsufaeonfh &efoltppf
jzpfaMumif; &dyfrdvm\/
avmuDudk rsm;rsm;tmHk
jyKavav avmukw&m
csr;f omESiahf 0;avavjzpf
w&m;xdik &f mwGit
f aESmifh
t,Sufenf;ap&ef pD;yGm;
a&;vkyu
f ikd &f if;yg vkyo
f l
igvnf;r&d?S vkypf &mvnf;
r&dS?tvkyfNyD;NyD; rNyD;NyD;?

45-3 pmrsufESm- 11 -(OD;Owrom&)

y&rwf trSefw&m;u
ydkodrfarGUavjzpf\/)
(7)aeYpOfyHkrSef rjzpfrae
w&m;xdkifjcif;

5&ufpcef;yGJtNyD;wGif
38vrf;tcef; aeYpOf
eHeufwikd ;f (pD;yGm;a&;rvkyf
rD) wpf&uf(1)em&D yHkrSef
w&m;xdik \
f ?wpf&ufwpf
em&Dudk,fBudKufwmrvkyf
bJ udk,fhpdwfudkqefYusif?
udk,fhudavomudk rjzpf
raeowfjcif;jzpf\/
avmuDtvkyfrsm;vGef;
w&m;xdkifysufoGm;vQif
aemuf&uf tpm;xdk;jyef
xdkif\/aeYpOf w&m;xdkif
&mwGit
f udsK;ocFg&(tjzpf
aemuf?todaemufrvdu
k f
bJ)tpGJjzKwfNyD; jyKvkyfrI
taMumif;ocFg&(ypKyef
,HkMunfrIoabmy&rwf
cEm)\wpfc?k wpfa,muf?
wpfcsdef?wpfae&mr[kwf
bJ jzpfakH v;jzpf(,HMk unf
Hkav;,HkMunf)aeonfh
trSefw&m;udk odaezdkY
omt"duxm;\?y&rwf
cEmua[maomw&m;udk
b,fvdkrSemr&aomtcg
rsdK;? w&m;ESvHk;oGif;csif
pdwfvHk;0r&dSaomtcgrsdK;

rSom rdk;ukwfq&mawmf
BuD;\wdu
k w
f eG ;f w&m;acG
rsm;udk zGifhemjcif;jzifhpdwf
"mwftiftm; tultnD
,l\/ q&mawmfBuD;\
tqH;k trtwdik ;f oGm;vm?
vkyfudkif&if;yg ypKyef
taMumif;ocFg&\tedp?
'ku? tewtrSew
f &m;udk
rjywfoad eatmifBudK;pm;
\/ xdktoduvGJvQif
tm;ud;k p&mr&dS jcif;trSef
w&m;udkvnf; ausaus
eyfeyfvufrcH?cHEikd af tmif
BudK;pm;\/
PfrsufvHk;yGifh
vmonfESifhtrQ tESpf
om& vHk;0r&dSrSef; &dyfrd
vmaomavmuD (ig?igh
OpmjzpfzdkY)tvkyfrsm;udk
wjznf;jznf;csif; avQmh
vmEdik \
f ?w&m;ESirhf awGU
rD reufwikd ;f xajy;aom
tusifhonfyifvQif yHkrSef
w&m;xdik v
f monfEiS t
hf rQ
ajy;p&mrvdak wmhbaJ evdYk
aumif;ae\?wpfoo
H &m
vH;k vkyv
f mcJo
h jzifrh vky&f
raeEdkifatmiftl;trl;pGJ
vrf;aeaomavmuDtvkyf
tudkifrsm;udk avQmhvkyf
avav?avmb?a'go?

45-3 pmrsufESm- 15 -(OD;Owrom&)

H;I H;I jrwfjrwfbmrSwu,f


r[kwfwJhtwGufb,fvdk
jzpfjzpf[al omtrSew
f &m;
udk a&SUwef;wif vkyfvm
Edik o
f nfEiS t
hf rQrvkyrf jzpf
aomavmuDtvkyrf sm;[k
xif&atmif r&yfrem;
taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jyvSnhf
pm;cdik ;f apaeonfw
h &m;cH
onfvnf; rdrd\tpGJ
(avmb?a'go?arm[)
omjzpfaMumif; ydk&Sif;vm
\/ udavomowf&ef
&dyfom0ifNyD; jyif;jyif;
xefxef w&m;tm;xkwf
csifygaomfvnf; vkyfcsif
pdwfjzifhvkyfvQif avmb
ruif;ojzifh xdkpdwfay:
wdkif; EdkifatmifpGefY\/
OD;bcif&dyfomrS
xGuv
f mNyD;(8)vtMum
OD;*dktifum&dyfom bkef;
BuD; w&m;ywfrS xGuf
vmaomOD;yOi;f wpfyg;\
wdkufwGef;csuft&'kwd,
tBudrf10&ufw&m;pcef;
tjzpf OD;*dktifum&dyfom
0iff aeYpOftcsdef&Snf 8
em&Dwpfqufwnf;w&m;
xdkifjcif;tygt0if puefY
rvyf txl;BudK;pm;\/
ud,
k w
f ikd t
f ygt0ifw&m;

tm;udk;olwdkif; &ifqdkif
BuHKawGYae&aom w&m;
IrSwfenf;ESifh ywfouf
onfeh m;vnfrv
I rJG mS ;p&m?
oHo,jzpfp&mrsm;uvnf;
trsm;udk ulnDvdkaom
rdr\
d yifu,
kd t
f &if;cHpw
d f
udk EdI;qGay;jcif;aMumifh
BudK;BudK;pm;pm; w&m;
tm;xkwfjzpfjcif;jzpf\/
yxraeY reufydkif;
w&m;prxdik rf D bk&m;&dcS ;kd
vdu
k Nf yD;rSw&m;xdik cf ef;r
twGi;f bmbk&m; qif;
wkawmf?yHak wmfrrS &do
S nf
udk owdjyKrd\/ w&m;
em;vnfvmcsed rf pS pdwf
u zefqif;xm;aom yHk
o@mefukd tpGaJ vQmhvm
ojzifh bk&m;&Scd ;kd vnf; yHk
awmfudktmHkrjyKawmhbJ
ypKyefpdwftpOf tw
uif;Edik o
f rQuif;aezdYkom
BudK;pm;avh &daS omfvnf;
ae&mopf jzpfojzifhom
*kpdkufrdjcif;jzpf\/ xdk
aeYwpfreufcif;vH;k w&m;
xdik &f mwGipf w
d u
f taESmuf
t,Sufruif;? tew
aumif;aumif; rpdu
k jf zpf
ae\/&dyfomodkYa&mufp
nae wpfO;D wnf;w&m;

45-3 pmrsufESm- 12 -(OD;Owrom&)

arm[ydkydkenf;vmNyD; y& pD'D? ADpD'Drsm;udkaemufrS


rwopmw&m;ESifh ywf vdktyfovdk wdk;csJU jzefYcsd
oufaom todPf jcif;jzpf\/
w&m;tvSLawmf
ydkxufavavjzpf\/
(8)w&m;tvSLawmfvyk if ef; vkyfief;zGifhNyD;aemuf "r
rdwfaqGrsm;u vmvSL
pwifzGifhvSpfjcif;
aeYpOf yHkrSefw&m;xdkif aomoJtif;*lq&mawmf
ae&if; vrf;50qnf;qm \ w&m;acGrsm;em&&mrS
h ifh
w&m;acGtiSm;qdik rf t
S vkyf pdwpf ifMu,fjcif;tqifq
ay;w&m;acGrsm;iSm;&rf; udk &dyfrdvmovdk oJtif;
yHkrSefw&m;emjzpf\/ ig; q&mawmf \ 0D & d , tm;
&ufw&m;pcef; av;?ig; tultnDudkyg&\/
(udk,fwdkif w&m;
Budrcf efYu,
kd w
f ikd v
f nf;0if
f vkyaf y;w&m;
&if;w&m;xdik v
f o
kd rl sm;udk a[m&mwGit
vnf;tif;pde1f 0rdik &f yd o
f m rsm;udkom a[mMum;NyD;
odkYac:oGm;ay;\/w&m; vufawGU w&m;xdkifcdkif;
ESiphf awGUNyD;wpfEpS Ef iS o
hf ;kH jcif;onf0dyemw&m;
vMumaom(1.6.2000) ppfppftm;xkwf&efcufcJ
wGifrSom w&m;acGrsm; aomxdkjyemudk rdrd\
omiSm;onfhqnf;qm\ oDv?orm"d?ynm tm;
h pGr;f ukeu
f n
l aD jz&Si;f
vdt
k yfcsujf znfah omtae jzift
jzifh t0dZmrS0dZmodkYtrSef ay;jcif;jzpf\/)
w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief; (9)yxrtBudrf 10&uf
w&m;pcef;0ifjcif;
zGiv
hf pS \
f ?w&m;&dyo
f mrsm;
w&m;tvSLawmf
rS xkwaf omw&m;pmtkyf
rsm;udkaiGusyfoHk;aomif; vkyfief;wGiftcrJhiSm;&rf;
f &m;pmtkyf
cefYjzifh vdkufvH0,f,lNyD; ay;&eftwGuw
f mrsm;odYk u,
kd f
tcrJhiSm;&rf;ay;jcif;jzpf rsm;udk &dyo
\/iSm;&rf;aom pmtkyf wdkifoGm;a&muf0,f,l&m
f mtrsm;pkoYkd
rsm; qHk;csifvnf;qHk; [l rS w&m;&dyo
aompdwf"mwfjzifhpGefYpm; pwif a&mufzl;oGm;\/
f modYkyxrqH;k
vkyu
f ikd cf \
hJ ?w&m;acGrsm;? OD;bcif&yd o

45-3 pmrsufESm- 16 -(OD;Owrom&)

xdkifpOfuyifyHkrSeftew
pdwftajctae jzpfao;
ojzifh,ckrS bmjzpfrSef;
tajz&Smr&atmifjzpf&\/
aeYqGrf;pm;NyD;aom
tcg &dyfomxJvSnfhvSnf
MunfhI&if; oD;jcm;tcef;
av;wGif bk&m;qif;wk
awmfudk zl;awGU&\/ OD;cs
&dScdk;NyD;bk&m;a&SUwGifw&m;
xdkifaomtcgrSjzpfaeus
tewpdwfjyefjzpf\?xdkt
cgrS w&m;&dyfomjzpfNyD;
bk&m;qif;wkawmfawmif
r&dS[k xifrdjcif;ESifhtwl
yHkrSef jzpfaeustewpdwf
tpOfMum;wGifjzpfrSef;yif
rod b J jzpf a y:aeaom
tvdkruspdwftpOfrsm;u
wpfpdwfcsKyfvdkufaemuf
pdwftpm;xdk;vdkufESifh
Mum;xdk; wm;qD;aejcif;
jzpfaMumif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;
vif; odvdkuf&\/
bk&m;zl;vdkuf&rS
bk&m;r&dSbl; txifrSm;
ESifhtwl tvdkruspdwfyg
ajyaysmufoGm;ovdk xdk
pdwfjzpfrSef;owdxm;rd
tpGJjzKwfEdkifvQifvnf;
yHkrSefw&m;pGrf;tifjyefjzpf
rnfyifjzpf\/jzpfrSef;yif

rodbjJ zpfvu
kd af omtvdk
ruspw
d t
f ao;pm;udav
omav;onfyif tew
trSew
f &m;udk zH;k uG,Ef ikd f
onfqdkvQif w&m;tm;
rxkwfbJ tm;BuD;aom
avmb?a'go?arm[jzifh
tazmfvyk af eolrsm;ud,
k hf
xifjrif,q
l csurf eS o
f rQukd
t[kwx
f ifNy;D wpfigigjzifh
rmefwufumbk&m;tppf?
w&m;tppfuekd m;rvnf?
vufrcH?uefYvefYvyk b
f uf
wdu
k af eMuonfrmS bmrS
tHhMop&mr&dSawmhyg/
qGrf;pm;&if;yg
aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk;od
aeaomtpGpJ w
d u
f jkd zpfciG hf
ray;bJESvHk;om;wGifjzpf
Hkav;jzpfaeaom pdwf
topftopfuav;rsm;
\ tcsnf;EDS;oabmudk
om tmHkjyKygrsm;aom
tcg(6)&ufajrmufcefYwiG f
tpm;ESifhywfoufonfh
'kuopmoabmudk
aumif;aumif; em;vnf
oGm;\?xdYk aemufyrkH eS pf m;
Munf\
h ?jrefjrefpm;Munfh
\?t&omcHcsio
f nfph w
d f
vnf;rjzpf?t&omcHMunfh
vnf;t&omudk NidwG,f

45-4 pmrsufESm- 1 -(OD;Owrom&)

45-4

onfhpdwf rjzpfawmhbJ
pm;ae&onfh'kuudka&m?
tpm;udkygrNidwG,fjcif;
ESifhtwl vlom;trsm;pk
rufarmaeaom tpm;
csrf;omqdo
k nfrmS emrnf
rQomjzpfrSef; Pf&Sif;
oGm;\/xdt
k csderf pS pm;
aomufwdkif; xdkPfu
rjywfvu
kd yf gapmifah &Smuf
aeojzifh b,fae&mrSm
bmyJpm;pm;?rpm;pm;tpm;
ESifh ywfoufonfh'kurS
tNyD;wdik v
f w
G af jrmufomG ;
awmh\/&dyfom0ifwdkif;
tpm;pGJjzKwfcJhaomfvnf;
,ckrS wu,fjyKwfjcif;
jzpf\/
aeUvnfwpfem&DrS
nudk;em&Dtxd &Spfem&D
qufwu
kd w
f &m;pxdik o
f nfh
yxr&uf\ av;em&D
ausmfausmf(yHrk eS &f NSd yD;om;
owd?0D&d,?orm"d?ynm
tiftm;ukefcef;oGm;csdef)
wGit
f ifrwefjyif;xefonfh
'kua0'em ay:vm\/
jzpfcsKy?f jzpfcsKyo
f abmjzifh
rjywfjzpfaeaoma0'em

udk &dSaeonf[k vufcH


cHpm;avav?a0'em wdk;
vmavavjzpf\/ a0'
emudk wpfckcktae? od
p&mtaejzifhvufrcHbJ
a0'em\jzpfakH v;jzpfae
onfhtrSefw&m;udkcsnf;
omodoad eatmifBudK;pm;
avav a0'emud&k o
Sd nf
txifrSm;jzifh cHpm;aom
pdwfrsm; tjzpfenf;vm
ojzifh a0'emtcH& ouf
omavavjzpf\/ tcsed f
&Snf qufqufxdkif&if;
'kua0'emudk tEdkif,l
Edkifavmufatmif oDv?
orm"d?ynmtm;BuD;vm
NyD;aom(5)&ufajrmufaeY
wGifwpfckckudk igighOpm
tjzpf rqkyu
f ikd &f raeEdik f
aom wPSmaMumifh rSDcdk?
qkyu
f ikd ?f tm;ud;k p&mbmqdk
bmrSudk r&dSaomy&rwf
trSefw&m;udk tvGefNiD;
aiGUvm\? &dyfomrS csuf
csif;xGufajy;csifvm\/
NiD;aiGYvGef;ojzifh(6)&uf
ajrmufaeY&pS ef m&Dqufwu
kd f
w&m;xdik &f mwGix
f &kd pS ef m&D
tcsed o
f nfwpfoo
H &mvH;k
Mumonf[yk if xifr\
d /
'DoHo&m0#fqif;&J tpGJ

45-4 pmrsufESm- 5 -(OD;Owrom&)

\?aemufyikd ;f &ufrsm;wGif
aEG&moD\yljyif;rI'Pfukd
aeYcif;ydik ;f wGit
f awmfc&H
ojzifh pdwfysHUvmovdk
w&m;acGvnf;vHk;0rem
awmhojzifh0D&d,vGefrSef;
rod vGev
f m\/wpf&uf
tdyfcsdefudk(3)em&D txd
wjznf;jznf;csif;avQmhcs
&mrS pm;csifpw
d rf &do
S jzifh
tpm;ygenf;vm\?(1)v
ausmfMumaomtcg pdwf
u xufoefvGef; aomf
vnf;ud,
k cf Emutm;tif
csnehf YJum vH;k 0rvdu
k Ef ikd f
awmhonfhtjyif ypKyef
tewtodPfygaysmuf
oGm;jcif;aMumifw
h &m;tm;
xkwfjcif;udk &yfypfvdkuf
&awmh\/
(tusdK;ocFg& jzpfwm?
odwm awGudkvufcHNyD;I
vQijf yKvyk o
f nft
h aMumif;
w&m;zufwGifigpGJrjyKwf
ojzifh aemufydkif;w&m;
enf;ay;&mwGif ypKye,
f kH
MunfrIav;u ,HkMunf
Hkav;yJqdkwm ,HkMunf
[l jyKvkyfrIocFg&\
tewudkomt"duxm;
,HMk unfvufccH ikd ;f yg\)
(13)w&m;tm;udk;

toufukdygpGefYvTwfjcif;

tdrfrSmtm;xkwf
r&rnfhtwlwl&dyfom0if
rnf[kqHk;jzwfum yxr
qHk;w&m;pcef;0ifcJhaom
tif;pdeq
f ,frikd u
f ek ;f ?&Gmr
BuD;ausmif;odkY 5&uf
w&m;pcef; oGm;0if\/
w&m;pcef; &uftwGif;
q&mav;a':auwkrmvm
u q,frikd u
f ek ;f xdyjf ynf
vrf;ray:&dS aq;cef;odkY
tm;aq;oGi;f zdYk ydYk ay;&if;
q&m0efruovdyt
f a&mif
udkMunfh oHo,0ifNyD;
"mwfreS f u
kd pf pfaq;Munfh
&efwdkufwGef;\/tdrfjyef
"mwfreS f u
kd Mf unfrh aS &m*g
jzpfaerSe;f od\?(10)wef;
pmar;yGJajzpOfu eHeuf
apmapma&csdK;NyD; usK&Sif
oGm;wuf?yefumatmuf
tat;cH&yg rsm;ojzifh
tpjyKcJhaom tqkwf
tat;rda&m*gonfu,
kd f
cHtm;aumif;pOfurodom
aomfvnf; w&m;tm;
xkwv
f akd om0D&,
d vGeu
f J
NyD;tpm;?ttdyef nf;vGe;f
ojzifhudk,fcHtm;usoGm;
aom,ck(16)ESpftMum
wGifrl wDbDa&m*gtjzpf

45-4 pmrsufESm- 2 -(OD;Owrom&)

rjyKwfvdkY oufwrf; tif


rwef&SnfwJh jA[mb0
rsm;jzpf&&if'D'kuawGudk
rqH;k Edik af tmifc&H awmhrmS
yJ[krdrdpdwfudkrjywfwGef;
tm;ay;umqufvuftm;
xkwaf omtcgrS tpGu
J ek f
oGm;NyD; xdkNiD;aiGUpdwf\
EdyS pf ufraI vmif;&dyaf tmuf
rS vGwfajrmufoGm;\/
(aemufyikd ;f ouFe;f 0wfNyD;
ESpf&Snfvrsm;qufwdkuf
wpfaeukew
f pfaecef;rNiD;
EdkifraiGUEdkif trsm;tusdK;
aqmif&u
G ?f omoemjyKEdik f
jcif;onfxdkNiD;aiGUpdwfudk
tNy;D owfypfEikd jf cif;aMumifh
jzpf\/tcsed &f n
S x
f ikd jf cif;
rSm oDv?orm"d?ynm
tm;tjrefqHk;aumif;vm
ap&efjzpf\/)
NiD;aiGUpdwu
f if;oGm;
aomfvnf; NiD;aiGUpdwrf &dS
awmhonfuo
kd ad omtod
\odakH v;?jzpfakH v;jzpf
aeonft
h ewtrSew
f &m;
udkvufcHEdkifatmif quf
BudK;pm;\?xdu
k o
hJ Ykb
d mbm
nmnm? b,fol b,f0g
r[kwf jzpfumrwav;
jzpfaeonfh tewtrSef
w&m;udkcsnf;om tcsdef

MumEdik o
f rQMumMumquf
qufvufcEH ikd af tmifBudK;
pm;Edik jf cif;\tusdK;quf
tjzpf (7)&ufajrmufcefY
aeYwGif rdrdpdwf[kxifae
cJhrdaom ocFg&w&m;\
ra&rwGuf Edkifavmuf
atmif tvGefvsifjrefpGm
rjywfw&pyf jzpfHkav;
jzpfaeonft
h rSew
f &m;udk
&Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;em;vnf
aomPf rdepftawmf
MumMumxdjzpfay:vm\/
w&m;jzKwfNyD;aemufwGif
vnf; rdrdtvGeftm;udk;
cJhaompdwf\ wu,f&dS
r[kwf? emrnfrQom jzpf
onft
h rSew
f &m;udak zmfjy
p&mpum;r&daS tmiftMhH o
pGmjzihef m&D0ufcefYMumonf
txdqufqufodae\/
(11)ydik q
f ikd o
f rQtm;vH;k udk
taumif;qH;k pGeUf vTwjf cif;

xdkjzpf&yf\tusdK;
quftjzpf OD;*dktifum
&dyo
f mrSxu
G v
f mtNyD;tdrf
jyefta&mufwiG Ef v
S ;kH om;
at;aeonfudk odaom
Pfjzifhpum;ajymwwf
oGm;\/ (pum;ajym&if;
w&m;ESvHk;oGif;r&jcif;
onfvnf; &dyfom0if &

45-4 pmrsufESm- 6 -(OD;Owrom&)

acgif;axmifvmjcif;jzpf\/
wDbDa&m*gjzpf
rSef; odcsdefwGif a&m*gu
awmfawmfq;kd aeNyDjzpf\/
toufSLoGif;&mwGifyif
,cifuvdktqHk;txd SL
oGi;f r&bJ wpf0ufwpf
ysuf wdkwdkav;om SL
&\/"mwfrSefMunfhIay;
aomq&m0efucsufcsif;
wDbaD q;aomufcikd ;f \/
wDbaD q;jyif;rsm;\'Pf
aMumifh w&m;IrSwfjcif;
udk (6)vavmuf &yfypf
&rnf[kodaomtcgt*F
vdyfaq; vHk;0raomuf?
w&m;tm;xkw&f if;jrefrm
aq;ESifhomukrnfomo
emrjyK&vnf;ae?aocsif
aoygapawmh[,
k wdjywf
qHk;jzwf\? xdkqHk;jzwf
csufjzifh b0&dSonf?
touf&o
Sd nf?&Siaf eonf
xifNyD; NidwG,faeaom
wPSmudyk gpGeYf vw
T v
f u
kd f
Edkifjcif;aMumifhvnf; xHk;
wrf;pOfvmr[kwfonfh
tavmb?ta'go?tarm
[pdwfrsm;jzifh,ckacwf
omoem\uGufvyfrsm;
udk txda&mufqHk;jznfh
qnf;Edkifjcif; jzpf\/

taMumif;jyKvkyforQ
ESifh tusdK;jzpforQwGif
bmudkrS rNidwG,fonfh
tewPfESifhvkyfrSom
rvdktyfwm bmrSrvkyf
awmhbJvkyforQudkvnf;
tvG,fqHk;? t&Sif;qHk;?
txda&mufq;kH ?taumif;
qHk; vkyfEdkifrnfjzpf\/
w&m;yHrk eS t
f m;xkwf
NyD; jrefrmaq;NrD;wdkrsm;
aomuf&if; a&m*guko
aeqJ(1)vcefYtMumwGif
w&m;em;rvnfaom
aqGrsdK;rdbwdkY\ tjyif;
txef pdk;&drfylyefvGef;rI
aMumifh vlrrmu bmrS
rjzpfaomfvnf;vlrrm&Sif
wpfckckjzpfoGm;Edkifojzifh
w&m;tvky6f vem;rnf[k
qHk;jzwfcsuftopfcsNyD;
t*Fvdyfaq;aomuf\/
(bke;f BuD;0wfNyD;rSqv
kd Qif
a&m*gjzpfvnf; ukawmh
rnfr[kwfojzifh a&m*g
uif;uif;jzift
h aumif;qH;k
omoemjyKEdkifatmif
w&m;uapmifha&Smufjcif;
jzpfaMumif; aemufrS em;
vnfvm\/) tcsdefrSef
aq;cef;jy?aq;aomuf?
aq;'PfcEH ikd af tmiftpm;

45-4 pmrsufESm- 3 -(OD;Owrom&)

onfh t"du taMumif;


wpf&yfjzpf\/)w&m;jzifh
omtcsdejf ynfeh ;D yg;aeEdik f
oGm;ovdw
k &m;uvGv
J Qif
bmqdkbmudkrS tm;udk;
p&m r&dSaMumif; aoao
csmcsmodvm\/ odonfh
twdkif;vnf; w&m;ESifh
pawGUcsdefrSp wjznf;
jznf;csif; avQmhvmaom
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;\ vuf
uset
f enf;i,fuykd g&yfpJ
vdkuf\/(Lite Ace Pick
Up) um;BuD;udk owif;
pmxJ xnfhaMumfjimum
csufcsif;a&mif;ypfNyD; ay;
p&m&dSaom a<u;rsm;udk
tukefay;qyf\/ um;
a&mif;NyD;rMumrD um;aps;
rsm; awmufavsmuf xdk;
wufoGm;aomfvnf;pdwf
ub,fvdkrSrae/jzpfay:
onfhtusdK;xuf jyKvkyf
onft
h aMumif;pdwu
f om
(avmb?a'go?arm[
uif;uif;vkyfEdkifzdkYom)
t"dujzpf\/
trIzGifh w&m;pGJzdkU
txd pdwful;xm;aom
&p&mtcdsKUudkvHk;0arhypf
vdkuf\/ rdrdb0a&SUa&;
twGuf(9)ESpfwm udk,f

wdkif yifyifyef;yef;&SmazG
xm;orQwdkufcef;?zkef;?
useu
f m;wpfp;D ESiahf iGaMu;
vufuset
f m;vH;k udv
k nf;
t0dZm rS0Zd m odYkw&m;tvSL
awmfvkyfief;a&&Snf &yf
wnf trsm;tusdK;ppfudk
aqmif&GufEdkifapvdkaom
apwemoufoufjzifh
tNyD;tjywf pGefYvTwfvSL
'gef;vdkuf\/
tm;ud;k &mw&m;tppf
rodcifu tm;ud;k &mxif
NyD;avmb?a'go?arm[
jzifh r&t&odrf;ydkuf&,l
xm;aomaiGaMu;ESifhOpm
ypn;f rsm;onfrrd pd w
d u
f kd
udavomrD;rsm; rjywf
avmifuRr;f aponfah vmif
pmrsm;[k &dyfrdvmaom
tcgwGifrl xdkypnf;rsm;
aMumifhrdrdylavmifqif;&J
'kua&muf&ovdkrnfolY
udkrQ 'kura&mufapvdk
onft
h jyiff trsm;vnf;
rdrv
d t
kd rSeo
f v
d w
G af jrmuf
jcif;Pfcsrf;om jzpfap
zdkY &nf&G,fvsuff rdrdydkif
qdkiforQudktaumif;qHk;
pGeYf vw
T v
f u
kd jf cif;jzpf\/
ta&;BuD;aom qHk;jzwf
csufrSeforQudk tvG,f

45-4 pmrsufESm- 7 -(OD;Owrom&)

rsm;rsm;pm;?rsm;rsm;tdyEf iS hf
(6)vcefYae&\?aq;'Pf
aMumifh av;vHxdkif;rdIif;
aeojzifyh pKyew
f &m;(jzpf
qJ?odq?J jyKvkyq
f yJ &rwf
oabmcEm\tedp? 'ku?
tewvuPm)aysmuf
aeaomfvnf;e*dt
k m;xkwf
pOfu odcJhaomPfu
jyefapmifha&Smufaeojzifh
aq;aMumifah e&cufonf
rSv
JG pd;k &dryf yl efjcif;rjzpf
bJpw
d af t;csr;f ae\?aq;
zdk;0g;c ukefusaiGrsm;udk
rdbuyifuek u
f sc\
H ?aq;
aomufaeaomfvnf; &Spf
yg;oDvrzsufojzifh aeY
vnfpmudzk cifuyifcsuf
auR;\/ aq;ue*dkarQmf
vifhxm;ovdk (6)vESifh
r&yf aemuf(3)vquf
aomuf&aomfvnf;awmf
awmfoufomNyDjzpfojzifh
udavomudjk yif;jyif;xef
xefxdk;ppfjyefqif&efqHk;
jzwf\?38vrf;tcef;wGif
aemufq;kH w&m;tm;xkwf
cJph Ofu usef;rma&;tajc
taeaMumif&h yfvu
kd &f ojzifh
,cktBudrfwGif awmxJ
oGm;NyD;tm;xkw&f rvdv
k kd
a0cGJr&jzpfaerdao;\/

(31.10.2001)
aeUvnfykZGefawmifrdb
tdrfodkY xrif;pm;toGm;
Adv
k cf sKyfvrf;ynmtvif;
jypmtkyfqdkifxJ 0ifrdNyD;
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf
\]&wem}pmtkyfopffudk
vSefavSmMunfhIrd&mrS
pmrsufESm(71)&dS ]]trsm;
wdkYonf udavom'Pf
cHEikd &f nfjynf0h ojzift
h m*
owdcJ [kqdk&\/ ighrSm
um; udavomMum;c&D;
roGm;&J&um; tm*owd
aMumif[q
k &kd \}}[k&[ef;
b0jzifh NrdKU'PfrcHEdkif
awmxGuo
f mG ;NyD;awmxJ
rSmvnf;'kuruif;aom
q&mawmf\pmudk zwfI
&if; awmxJJoGm;zdkU pdwf
vnf;csufcsif;yifaysmuf
uG,foGm;\/
b,f&dyfom0if&rSef;
qHk;jzwfcsufrusao;rD
wGif&dyfom0ifzdkYrEav;rS
vmaom rdrdESifhyxrqHk;
w&m;twlpxdkifazmfjzpf
olrefae*sma[mif;udw
k if
armifaqGtwGufrdk;ukwf
0dyemtzGJUcsKyfwGif
pm&if;ay;&if;aomufvuf
p wDbaD q;rsm;udyk g,l

45-4 pmrsufESm- 4 -(OD;Owrom&)

wulb,fawmhrrS cswwf?
csNyD;vQifvnf;jyefjyifzdkY?
aemufqkwfzdkY vHk;0 pdwf
rul;cJhaomfvnf; w&m;
aMumifhtodPfajymif;
vmNyD;ud,
k w
f ikd t
f ygt0if
wpfavmuvHk;\ tESpf
om&vH;k 0r&daS om bmqdk
bmrSudk wu,fr[kwf
aomtrSew
f &m;udk Pf
ododvmaomtcgwGifrl
w&m;em;rvnfcifu
Nidw,
G rf w
I PSm?tH;I ray;
vdak omrme?igaumifxif
aeaom t,lrSm;? trSwf
rSm;?todrSm;'d|dwdkUjzifh cs
rSwcf ahJ omyef;wdik rf sm;ESihf
&SmazGcJhorQOpmtm;vHk;
udk ,wdjywf &J&J&ifh&ifh
pGeYf vw
T v
f u
kd jf cif;jzpf\/
avmb? a'go?arm[rD;
wkdY\ avmifpmjzpfaom
jyifyky0f wKypn;f rsm;ESihf
rywfoufawmhjcif; ESifh
twlxdkypnf;rsm;ESifhywf
oufaerIaMumifh avmif
uRrf;ae&aom rdrdpdwfrS
tylrD;yg wpfygwnf;
csKyfNidrf;oGm;\/

xGuv
f mNyD;aemufwpfv
ausmfMumatmif rdrdIyfcJh
orQ pD;yGm;a&;tIyfrsm;
&Sif;tNyD;? ydkifqdkiforQ
tm;vHk;udkvnf; w&m;
twGuf pGefYvTwfNyD;aom
tcgw&m;rSvGJvQifbmrS
vnf;tm;ud;k p&mr&daS wmh
ojzifh w&m;twGuf vSL
xm;aom 126(3vTm)?38
vrf;&St
d cef;wGirf eufyikd ;f
pm;p&m0,fzdkY wpf&uf
wpfBurd af tmufqif;jcif;rS
vGv
J Qiaf vmuESit
hf quf
toG,v
f ;kH 0jzwfNy;D jyif;jyif;
xefxefqufvufw&m;
ESv;kH oGi;f \/tpydik ;f wGif
aeYpOf(8)em&Dqufwdkuf
w&m;xdkif\/
rpm;cifuvnf;
w&m;? pm;ae&if;vnf;
w&m;ESiphf m;? pm;NyD;awmh
vnf;w&m;? wpfaeukef
w&m;jzifah e&mrS"mwfBuD;
av;yg;\rjywfw&pyf
azmufjyefysufpD;aejcif;
oufoufrSvGJvQif bm
oabmrS r&dSonfh rdrd
udk,fcEmBuD;\ acG;ao
(12) 0D&d,vGefuJ
aumifykyfESifhtvm;wlpGm
vGef;aomtrSm;
tESpfom&vHk;0uif;rJhrI
OD;*dt
k ifum&dyo
f mrS oabmudo
k ed m;vnfvm

45-4 pmrsufESm- 8 -(OD;Owrom&)

udk,fwdkif 10&uf pcef;


vdkuf0if\/ 3.11.01rS
13.11.01xd&yd o
f m0if&m
wGif rdk;ukwfq&mawmf
bk&m;Bu;D \"mwfawmfrsm;
a&SUwGif ae&m&\/ OD;*dk
tifum&dyo
f mwGiw
f &m;
xdik pf Ofutwdik ;f 10&uf
vHk;vHk; aeUpOftcsdef&Snf
wpfqufwnf; (8)em&D
qufwu
kd w
f &m;xdik jf cif;
tygt0iftyd cf sed rf v
S v
JG Qif
wpfpueYfrQrvyf&atmif
aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmfBuD;
tm; bk&m;tBudKufqHk;
"rjzift
h jrwfq;kH ylaZmf\/
xdktaMumif;w&m;\
tusKd ;&v'ftjzpf(7)&uf
ajrmufaeYaeUqGr;f rpm;rD
reufydkif; w&m;xdkifcsdef
tNyD;rsufpdzGifhvdkufaom
tcgOayuma0'em(jrif
pdwf)\ twvHk;0uif;
jcif; (tedp? 'ku? tew
oufoufrQomjzpfonf)h
trSefw&m;udk &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; em;vnfoGm;
ovd(k 6)veD;yg;tdyv
f u
kd ?f
pm;vdu
k t
f em;,lco
hJ jzifh
t&ifvdkw&m;jyefxdkifvdkY
&yghOD;rvm;qdkonfh pdk;
&drpf w
d v
f nf;vH;k 0aysmuf

uG,foGm;\/
(&dyfom0ifpOftwGif;
b,f&uf?b,ftcsdef qdk
wmawGuo
kd d o
kH ufouf
omvufcNH yD;OD;aESmufu
vH;k 0rSwo
f m;rxm;ojzifh
aeU&ufrsm;rSmcefYrSef;ajc
azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpf\/)
(14)t0dZm rS 0dZm odkY/
vGwfvyfa&;rS
vGwfvyfa&;odkY/

aemufqkH; 10&uf
w&m;pcef;tjzpfr;kd ukwf
0dyemtzGJUcsKyfrSxGuf
vmtNyD;wGirf supf rd w
dS Nf yD;
w&m;xdkifaep&mrvdkbJ
rsupf zd iG x
hf m;vnf;jzpfum
rwjzpfakH v;jzpfaeonfh
tifrwef odrfarGUaom
(pdw?f apwodu?f kyo
f cFg&
y&rwf)'kuo
pmw&m;ESihf
owdynmPfu wpf
om;wnf;jzpfae\/'ku
opmonfyifvQifPf?
PfonfyifvQif 'ku
opmjzpfae\/
wDbDa&m*g tjrpf
rjywfao;ojzifah q;quf
aomufae&jcif;ESihf ykZeG f
awmif&dS zcifjzpfolxH
xrif;pm;zdkYaevnfwpf
Burd v
f rf;avQmufjyefonf

45-4 pmrsufESm- 9 -(OD;Owrom&)

rSvGJ bmwm0ef? bm
tvkyfrS r&dSjcif;aMumifh
bmqHk;jzwfcsufrS csae
p&mrvd?k rawGUygrsm;jcif;
aMumifh b,faqGrsdK;?rdwf
aqG?oli,fcsif;rS &if;&if;
ED;S ED;S r&daS wmhonft
h wGuf
b,frv
S nf;oGm;p&mr&d?S
bmudkrSrSwfom;aep&m?
*kpu
kd af ep&mr&dS ?xl;xl;
jcm;jcm;bmjzpfcsifpdwfrS
vnf;ray:? bmqdkbmrS
ylp&mr&dS? bmudkrSawG;
aejcif;vnf;r&db
S yJ pKyef
ocFg&'kur v
S v
JG QifbmpG?J
nmpGJ?b,fol?b,f0gpGJ?
tcsdefpGJ?ae&mpGJuif;uif;
jzifhvlU'kuwdkYrS tvGwf
vyfBuD; vGwfvyfvQuf
&dS\/
(4.1.2002)aevnfpm
jyefpm;&if;vrf;wpfavQmuf
wGif tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;
awGUBuHK&rS vGwfvyfa&;
aeYrSef; tod0ifvm\/
xrif;pm;tNyD;wGiw
f &m;
tawGYtBuHKrsm;udkpma&;
ay;ygOD;[k tBudrfBudrf
zkef;qufrSmaeaom EdkifiH
jcm;&dSrdcifjzpfolxHpma&;
&mrS rdrd\w&m;tawGU
tBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnf

oHk;oyfrd\/
&dyo
f modYk tcsdeyf ikd ;f
w&m;oGm;xdkif&if; (5)
&ufajrmufaeYwGif 'ku
a0'em\wu,fr[kwf
jcif; trSefw&m;udkPf
awGUBuHK&yH?k pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
udkifae&if;yg a0'em\
tewoabmudo
k wd&&
aejcif;aMumif1h 999oBueF f
5&uf w&m;pcef;wGif
'kvb
&[ef;0wfw&m;
xdkifjzpfyHk? &dyfomrSxGuf
vmNy;D wpfEpS Ef iS o
hf ;kH vMum
atmif aeYpOfyHkrSefw&m;
xdik pf OftwGi;f 5&ufw&m;
pcef;ig;Budrcf efY 0ifjzpfy?kH
(1.6.2000)wGift0dZmrS
0dZmodkYw&m;tvSLawmf
vkyfief;pzGifhNyD;xdkvwGif
yif OD;bcif&dyfom 10
&uf w&m;pcef;0ifjzpfyHk?
xdYkaemufaeYpOfyrkH eS w
f &m;
xdik &f if; (8)vcefY tMum
wGif OD;*dktifum 10&uf
w&m;pcef;0ifjzpfy?kH pD;yGm;
a&;tIyrf sm;udk &Si;f tNyD;
38vrf;tcef;wGif wpf
vausmfqufwdkufw&m;
xdkifae&if; wDbDa&m*g
aMumifh(6)vausmftem;
,l&yHk?aemufqHk; 10&uf

45-4 pmrsufESm- 13 -(OD;Owrom&)

a&mufNyD; &ufyikd ;f twGi;f


rSmyif q&mawmfBuD;\
'umra,m*Dwpfa,muf
tm;vufawGY tvkyfay;
w&m;a[mNyD;w&m;xdkif
enf;oifay;&mrSwjznf;
jznf; vlodrsm;vmNyD;
aeYpOfeeH ufwikd ;f tvkyaf y;
w&m;rsm; a[mjzpfoGm;
\/ tkPq
f rG ;f ?aeUqGr;f
yifhzdwfaom tdrfrsm;
vnf; qGrf;pm;NyD;wdkif;
tvkyfay;w&m;a[mNyD;?
w&m;xdkifcdkif;\/
tcsdefMumMum
w&m;a[mMum; cJhaom
ae&mrsm;rSm a'0om*&
&[EmodrfjzLawmfBuD;
(10v)?432odrfjzLvrf;
(2v)?uefawmfav;zdUk ajr
"rmHk(4ESpf)?ynm&mrdu
r[mausmif;wdu
k ?f 94vrf;
"rmHk? jruefom"rmHk?
38vrf; r*Fvm"rmHk?
Adv
k af tmifausmv
f rf;om"k
um&D "rmHk?arwmykn
um&D"rmH?k a&ausm"f rmEk
&uw
d "rmH?k Adv
k w
f axmif
bk&m;?a&Tbkef;yGifhbk&m;?
a&Twd*Hkbk&m;? ql;av
bk&m;wdkYjzpf\/
(16) tkPfqGrf;ESifh

ywfouf

&[ef;b0tp
tkPfqGrf; tvSL&Sif
r&dSaom eHeufrsm;wGif
tkPfqGrf; rbkOf;ay;
awmhbaJ eYvnfqrG ;f cHjyef
vmrS aeYqrG ;f wpfeyfom
bkOf;ay;\?rdrdtm;xkwf
xm;aomw&m;u apmifh
a&Smufaejcif;aMumifh
um,uH?0pDuH?raESmuH
rsm;jzifh rvdt
k yfwmbmrS
rvkyf?rajym?rawG;awm
rBuHpnfojzifh txl;
wvnftiftm;ukefjcif;
r&dSonfhtwGuf tkPf
qGr;f rpm;vnf;odoo
d m
om qmavmifjcif;r&dSvS
yg/ tkPfqGrf; pm;&&?
r&& qGrf;udpudkpdwfxJ
vH;k 0rxm;yg?aeYpOfeeH uf
wdkif; yHkrSefw&m;a[mjzpf
vmaomtcga,m*Drsm;u
w&m;ra[mrDtkPq
f rG ;f
vmuyfMu&mrS wjznf;
jznf;ESifh tywfpOf wpf
ywfvQifwpf&uf?ESpf&uf
ponfjzifhyHkrSefwm0ef,l
jzpfomG ;\?wpf&ufwnf;
Mum;jzwf,m,DqrG ;f uyf
csifolrsm;twGufvnf;
yHkrSeftvSL&Sifrsm;uyif

45-4 pmrsufESm- 10 -(OD;Owrom&)

w&m;pcef;tjzpf rd;k ukwf


0dyemtzGJYcsKyfrS xGuf
vmtNyD;wGirf supf rd w
Sd Nf yD;
w&m;xdkifaep&m rvdk
awmhbJ tvdu
k o
f ifo
h wd
ynmNrJaeonfrmS yifwpf
vausmfaeyHkESifh w&m;
tm;xkwcf sdepf pk ak ygif;(3)
ESpfeD;yg; &dSNyDjzpfaMumif;
owdjyKrdvm\/
pma&;ae&if;rSmyif
'Davmufqdk&if pdwfcs&
avmufNyD?trdjrefrmjynf
vGwfvyfa&;&wJh'DaeYrSm
rdrpd w
d v
f nf;vGwv
f yfa&;
&oifhNyD[laom tod0if
vmjcif;aMumifh rdk;ukwf
tzGUJ csKyrf x
S u
G v
f muwnf;
u tvdu
k o
f ifah v; xde;f
vmaom'kuo
pmtodukd
pGefUvTwfvdkufawmh\/
tmHkESifh'Gg&wdkufqdkifrI
taMumif;aMumifjh rifpw
d ?f
Mum;pdwf?odpdwfponfh
tusdK;ocFgpdwfrsm; jzpf
aomfvnf; xdpk w
d rf sm;udk
taMumif;jyefjyK e*djk zpf
aeusjzpfaom aemuf
qufwpJG w
d t
f pOfrsm;jywf
ae\/ aemufaeUtxd
24em&DMumoGm;aomfvnf;
Mum;jzwf0if0ifay:aeaom

tusdK;ocFg&pdwfrsm;
aemufwGif vGwfvyfrI?
vGwfajrmufrItjynfht0
&dSaomtew cEmig;yg;
topftopfrsm;u tm;
pdu
k af ep&mrvdb
k t
J vdv
k kd
jyefjyefjzpfaejcif;aMumifh
vH;k 0pdwaf t;oHo,uif;
oGm;\/ykZGefawmifrS38
vrf;odkY(5.1.2002)vrf;
avQmuftjyefc&D;em&D0uf
cefYtcsed o
f nfb,fawmhrS
qHk;HI;p&m r&dSawmhaom?
tvGwv
f yf tayghyg;qH;k
aomjyD;jynfph akH omtew
csrf;omppf\tpjzpf\/
y&rwfudky&rwfrSef;?
ynwfuykd nwfreS ;f ? b0
rSeforQ\wu,fr[kwf
rSef;?tcsnf;EDS;okn tdyf
rufoufoufrQom jzpf
rSef; odaomtewPf
aMumif3h ESpef ;D yg;tm;xkwf
cJhaomw&m;tawGYtBuHK
rsm;udv
k nf;b,ftcsed u
f
b,fvdkjzpfrSef; tvdkvdk
em;vnfvm\/
rd;k ukwq
f &mawmf
bk&m;BuD;\y#dpo
rkyg 'f
puf0ikd ;f ud,
k cifu&Si;f &Si;f
vif;vif;em;rvnfcahJ omf
vnf; ,cktcg pdwyf #dp

45-4 pmrsufESm- 14 -(OD;Owrom&)

ndEdIif;aqmif&Gufay;\/
(17)aeYqrG ;f ESiyhf wfouf
qGrf;pm;yifhwm&dS&dS?
r&dS&dS aeYpOfyHkrSef qGrf;cH
rnf[kqHk;jzwfxm;aomf
vnf;rvkyzf ;l onf?h ruRr;f
usifonfhtvkyfjzpfjcif;?
qGrf;cHtxmrodjcif; wdkY
aMumifh&[ef;b0tp\
naeydik ;f wGief ufjzefqrG ;f cH
&rnfhudpudkom pdwfu
a&mufa&mufaeygojzifh
w&m;om ESvHk;oGif;ae
vdu
k \
f ?qGr;f cHupd p w
d x
f J
vH;k 0r&daS wmhonfEh pS ef m&D
eD;yg;avmufMumatmif
w&m;xdkiftNyD;wGifvrf;
50qnf;qm w&m;acG
tiSm;qdkifrSa':pdk;pdk;?a':
jzLjzLwdkY a&mufvmum
xD;ESifh toHk;taqmif
ypn;f rsm;vSL'gef;Ny;D qGr;f cH
udptwGufwpfywfwpf
&ufjzpfjzpf? qGrf;cHtdrf
tqifrajyao;pOftwGi;f
aeYpOfjzpfjzpf?qGr;f cH<uyg
&efzdwfMum;jcif;aMumifh
qGrf;cHjyemtqifajy
oGm;\?aemufwpfaeYwpf
yg;wnf;qGr;f cHpxGu&f m
wGiq
f nf;qmodYak emufq;kH
rS0ifa&mufqrG ;f cH\?vrf;

aMumif;wpfckudkwpfywf
vQifwpf&ufEIef;jzifhwpf
ywfpmtwGuv
f rf;aMumif;
(7)aMumif;oGm;\?toGm;
tjyef vrf;avQmuf oGm;
Edkifavmufaomae&mrsm;
odkYomqGrf;cH<u\/
tpydkif;wGif roGm;
wwf?rvmwwf? rajym
wwf? rqdkwwfonfh
tcuftcJrsm; &dSaomf
vnf; w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f NyD;
vkyfjcif;aMumifh wpfenf;
enf;eJYtqifajyoGm;onf
csnf;jzpf\/ ESpfveD;yg;
tMumwGifouFef; rHk
wwf?qGrf;rcHwwfonfh
tcuftcJrsm; tom;us
tqifajypjyKvmNyD;432
odrjf zLvrf;rS a':rlral xG;
uvnf; yHkrSefqGrf;csdKifh
vmydYk \/(2003ESpq
f ef;rS
2006ESpfqef;txdaeYpOf
aeYqGrf;csdKifhydkY wm0ef,l
oGm;\/)
qGrf;cH&mwGif wul;
wuvmyifh <u&aom
tdrfrsm;&dSovdk vrf;BuHK
ojzif0h ifa&mufqrG ;f cHjzpf
aomtdrfrsm;vnf;&dS\/
txl;ojzifq
h rG ;f cHtrd ef nf;
ao;aomtpydik ;f wGio
f uf

45-4 pmrsufESm- 11 -(OD;Owrom&)

orkyg 'f(y&rwftaMumif;
tusdK;)udk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk
&Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;em;vnf
aom Pfay:vmjcif;
aMumifah emuf(10)vtMum
rSp &[ef;b0 cH,lNyD;
y&rwfopmav;yg;ESifh
ywfoufaom trSefuef
qHk;ynwfrsm;udk touf
xufqHk; tpGrf;ukefazmf
xkwfoGm;&ef ,wdjywf
qHk;jzwfcsufusoGm;\/
bk&m;&Sifudk,fwdkif
xrf;aqmifomG ;cJah omom
oem0eftppfudk ouFef;
0wfNyD; wdwdusus?owf
owfrSwfrSwf r,lao;rD
(10)vtwGif;vdkcsifwyf
rufNidwG,frIuif;jcif;?pdk;
&drfylyefrIuif;jcif;? igigh
Opm[laom txifrSm;
uif;jcif;csr;f omjzifh wpf
om;wnf;ae&eftwGuf
omru,ckrw
S b
D aD &m*g
aysmufcgpjzpfrdk;&GmxJ
qGrf;cH&rnfh'kuudk
wpfrdk;wGif;a&Smifonfh
oabmjzifhyg tcsdefa&GU
jcif;jzpf\/
5&ufpcef;0if&if;
yxrqHk;tBudrfouFef;
0wfpOf(29)ESpt
f &G,u
f rl

bk&m;xm;&pfcahJ omoHCm
awmfb0taMumif;udkod
csifpw
d jf zifh 0ifa&mufavh
vmMunfhjcif;jzpf\/,ck
(33)ESpt
f &G,w
f iG o
f uFe;f
0wfzdkY qHk;jzwfjcif;rSmrl
igr&dSwmudk ESvHk;om;rS
tcsdefjynfhausauseyfeyf
vufcHvmEdkifjcif;aMumifh
ighupd u
,
kd u
f sKd ;Munfph &m
bmrSr&dSawmhygojzifh
bmudkrSrrDScdkbJPfcsrf;
omjzifh aeEdkifaomfvnf;
a&SUrS bk&m;\wynfh
om;rsm; cif;ay;cJhaom
r*ifvrf;tay: udk,f
avQmufcJhovdk trsm;
twGuf jyefvnfvrf;cif;
ay;&rnfw
h &m;uay;aom
wm0efaMumifhjzpf\/
bm0denf;udrk t
S xl;
wvnfapmifx
h ed ;f aep&m
rvdb
k J w&m;wpfcu
k o
kd m
wpdkufrwfrwf usifhBuH
tm;xkwfcGifh&onfhvGwf
vyfaomvlUb0jzifw
h &m;
usifhcJhaomfvnf;? trsm;
tusKd ;aqmif&u
G &f mwGirf l
txda&mufq;kH jzpfap&ef
twGu&f [ef;tjzpfc,
H zl Ykd
qHk;jzwf&jcif;jzpf\/
(vlUb0jzifb
h ek ;f BuD;r0wf

45-4 pmrsufESm- 15 -(OD;Owrom&)

BuD;&G,ftdk&dSaomtdrfrsm;
odkY wrifqGrf;cH0if&if;
tvkyfay;w&m;pmtkyf?
w&m;pD'Drsm;udk ay;vSL
(odkY)iSm;&rf;ay;\?w&m;
&Si;f jyay;&onfrsm;vnf;
&dS\/ &wemjrwfoHk;yg;
tay:qGr;f uav;wpfZeG ;f
rQavmif; jzpfap?vuf
tkyu
f av;wpfBudrrf QcsD
jzpfap ,HkMunftm;udk;rd
olrsm;udkyifvQif tm;udk;
&usdK;eyfatmif aus;Zl;
wHkYjyefvdkaom apwem
tjynf&h aSd omaMumift
h vSL
cH,x
l u
kd af om?vuftyk cf sD
cHxdkufaom?,HkMunftm;
udk;cHxdkufaomtarm[?
tavmb?ta'gotod
Pfrsm;tm;aumif;onf
xuftm;aumif;vmatmif
tNrJ*kpdkuf\/
(18)aiGaMu;ESiyhf wfouf

&[ef;b0jzifh
rdrdudk,fusdK;twGuf aiG
udkifNyD; oHk;pGJjcif;r&dS? aiG
vSLjcif;udkudk,fwdkifvuf
cH&jcif;rsm; &dSaomfvnf;
trsm;tusdK; aqmif&Guf
aeonfh t0dZmrS0dZmodkY
w&m;tvSLawmfvkyfief;
ESifh&dyfomrsm;twGufom

toH;k jyK\/b,frrS oGm;


ojzifh aiGaMu;oHk;pGJp&m
vnf; r&dSyg/ w&m;udp
twGuf oGm;vmp&m &dS
vQifvnf; 'umrsm;u
tqifoifyh Ykad qmifay;\/
igr&dSaomtodNrJaejcif;
aMumifu
h ,
kd u
f sKd ;?ightusKd ;
&Smcsdef wpfpuefYrQr&dS?
tewobm0pdwt
f wGuf
bmqdkbmrSrvdkyg/ rvdk
jcif;aMumifu
h ckd sr;f om\?
vdkvQif qif;&J\/
(19)aocgeD;rsm;ygrusef

ouFe;f r0wfrv
D Ul b0
uyifoufBuD;&G,t
f rkd sm;?
aocgeD;vlrsm;twGuf
om;orD;ajr;jrpfrsm;ESifh
twdwfjzpf&yfrsm;tay:
tpGt
J vrf;rsm;avsmeh nf;
oGm;ap&efw&m;emap\/
vdktyfvQifuufqufyg
iSm;&rf;ay;\/aemufyikd ;f
pD'DacGrsm;xGufvmaom
tcgpufESifhwuG pD'Dcsyf
rsm;ygiSm;&rf;(odYk)vSL'gef;
ay;\/ vlrrm&Sifrsm;u
ta&;ay: vmyifhaom
tdr(f odYk)aq;Hak ygif;pHo
k Ukd
apwemoufoufjzifh
w&m;vdkufa[may;jcif;
rsm;vnf; renf;vSyg/

45-4 pmrsufESm- 12 -(OD;Owrom&)

ciftcsdeftxdw&m;vHk;0
ESvHk;jyefoGif;p&mrvdkyg?
&[ef;b0 cH,lNyD;rSom
vkyaf eusr[kwaf omw&m;
a[m?qGr;f cHponft
h vkyf
opfrsm;\ ruRrf;usif
ao;aomtpwGifom
w&m;ESvHk;oGif;zdkYvdk\/)
(15) vlUb0\tqHk;?
&[ef;b0\tp/

qH;k jzwfcsut
f wdik ;f
touf(33)ESpjf ynfo
h nfh
(21.10.2002)oDwif;uRwf
vjynfhaeY?reuf8em&DcGJ
wGit
f vGe&f cJaom?tjrifh
jrwfqHk; &[ef;tjzpfudk
odrfjzLvrf; a'0om*&
&[EmodrfjzLawmfBuD;
cH,l\/
OyZsm,frSmoufawmf
(80)ausmf q&mawmfBuD;
OD;aO,som*&jzpf\/
&[ef;'g,dum?'g,dum
rrsm;rSm zcif? rdcifESifh
nDi,fEpS Of ;D jzpf\?&[ef;
b0jzifh rdrdtwGufbmrS
&,lvdkpdwfr&dSyg/ w&m;
tm;udk;&if; trsm;tusdK;
aqmif&Gufrnf?w&m;u
xm;aomae&mrSmaernf?
w&m;uqifaomouFe;f
ud0k wfrnf?w&m;uauR;

wmudk pm;rnf? aep&m


r&dv
S Qio
f pfwpfyifatmuf
aernf? pm;p&mr&dSvQif
w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f &if;tao
cHvdkufrnf? w&m;u vGJ
vQif wjcm;bmudkrStm;
rudk;[laom &J&Jawmuf
qHk;jzwfcsufjzifhomoemh
abmifoYkd 0ifa&mufcjhJ cif;
jzpf\/
trsm;tusdK; aqmif
&Gu&f mwGit
f xda&mufq;kH
jzpf&eftwGufvdktyfvQif
rdrdvHk;0 pdwfr0ifpm;cJh
aom?ygVdpmayrsm;udkyg
oif,lrnf[k o'gpdwf
jzpfjcif;aMumifh yxrwGif
y&d,wfpmayavhvm
jcif;tjyif tjcm;vdktyf
onfrsm;twGu(f 2)ESpcf efY
w&m;ra[mao;bJ BudK
wifjyifqifrnf[laom
pdwjf zpf\?odUk aomf&[ef;
b0a&mufa&mufcsif;yif
pkpnf;a&muf&dSvmaom
t&if;ESD;qHk;y&dowftm;
tvkyfay;w&m;a[mNyD;
w&m;xdkifcdkif;&mrSw&m;
jywwfrSef; odoGm;aom
OyZsm,fq&mawmfBuD;
udk,fwdkifu w&m;a[m
cdkif;ojzifh &[ef;b0

45-4 pmrsufESm- 16 -(OD;Owrom&)

twdwfurodb,f
avmufyJqdk;cJh?rdkufcJh ao
cgeD;aemufqHk;tcsdefwGifrS
tjrifrSef&w&m;tm;udk;
vdkonfjzpfygu w&m;
awmf\tcgrvifhtusdK;
ay;jcif;udk tjynfht0
,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh udk,fh
bufuawmh tpGrf;ukef
tultnDay;NrJjzpf\?ao
onftxdrdkufoGm;olrsm;
xufpmvQif aocgeD;rS
w&m;tm;udk;oGm;onfu
awmfygao;\/ qGrf;cH
tdrrf sm;wGit
f onf;toef
vlrrmESifhBuHKtvkyfay;
w&m;a[mESvHk;oGif;cdkif;
&jcif;rsdK;vnf;&dS\/ 15
rdepfavmuftwGif;rSmyif
vlrrm\pdwfacsmufcsm;rI
ododomom oufom
oGm;avh&Sd\/ udk,fwdkif
aexdkifraumif;jzpfvQif
vnf; ZGwfBudwfrSdwfNyD;
w&m;ESvHk;oGif;um cH&
cufvGef;aom a0'empGJ
rsm;udt
k BudrBf udrpf eG Yf vw
T f
EdkifcJhjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:
vmaomcdkifrmvGef;onfh
,HkMunfrItiftm;jzifh
a0'em&Sifrsm;udk txd
a&mufqHk; tultnDay;

Edik jf cif;jzpf\/ ajymonfh


twkdif; ,Hk,HkMunfMunf
jzifh vdkufemESvHk;oGif;zdkY
omvdkyg\/
aocgeD;vlrsm;pGmESifh
BuHKawGUcJ&h NyD; tpGr;f ukef
tultnDay;EdkifcJh\/
rdrd\tvkyfay;w&m;
pD'rD sm;emMum;NyD;vdu
k ef m
usifhoHk;tm;xkwf&mrS
y&rwfw&m;udk &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif;odem;vnfvm
olrsm;tcsdefESifhtrQ wdk;
oxufwdk;vmvsuf &dS
ovdu
k se;f rma&;jyefaumif;
oGm;olrsm;?wnfNidrfat;
csrf;pGmaoqHk;oGm;Muol
rsm;taMumif;udk um,
uH&Sifrsm;?udk,fawGUBuHK
olrsm;ujyefvnfavQmuf
xm; ajymjyMuonfrsm;
vnf; renf;yif&dS\/
( vlrsdK;? bmom?qif;&J?
csrf;om?usm;r? BuD;i,f
ra&G; ow0gtm;vHk;
twGufwpfckwnf;aom
tm;ud;k &mtppfonfopm
av;yg;y&rwftrSew
f &m;
omjzpfaMumif;trsm;odap
vdkaomapwemjzifh ,ck
uJhodkYazmfjyjcif;jzpf\/)
t0dZmrS 0dZmodkY

You might also like