Amino axit 01

I. Khi nim: Amino axit l hp cht h c tp chc, phn t ng thi ca nhm NH2 (amino) v COOH (cacboxyl) CTCT: (NH2)b-R-(COOH)a nu a=b khng lm qu tm i mu b>a c tnh bazo (qu tm ha xanh, phenolphtalein ha hng) b<a c tnh axit ( qu tm ha ) Cng thc tng qut: no 1 nhm amino, 1 nhm cacboxyl CnH2n+1O2N SP: (n-1)! II. Danh php: Axit V tr NH2 - amino + Tn axit Cng thc Tn thay th Tn bn h thng Tn thng K hiu NH2- CH2 -COOH Axit aminoetanoic Axit aminoaxetic Glyxin Gly CH3 - CH - COOH NH2 Axit 2 aminopropanoic Axit- aminopropanoic Alanin Ala CH3 - CH CH COOH CH3 NH2 Axit 2-amino-3metylbutanoic Axit - aminoisovaleric Valin Val HOOC(CH2)2CH - COOH NH2 Axit 2-aminopentan-1,5-ioic Axit 2 aminopentanioic Axitglutamic Glu H2N - (CH2)4 - CH - COOH NH2 Axit 2,6 iaminohexanoic Axit , - iaminocaproic Lysin Lys III. Tnh cht ha hc 1.Tnh cht axit - baz ca dung dch amino axit + Vi axt HCl: H2N R COOH + HCl ClH3N R COOH mmui =mamino + maxit 1 mol tng 36,5 s nhm chc NH2= nHCl/namino + Vi baz NaOH: H2N R COOH+ NaOH H2N R COONa+ H2O mamino + maxit = mmui + mH2O 1mol tng 22 S nhm chc COOH = nNaOH/namino 2.Phn ng este ha nhm COOH Tng t axit cacboxylic, amino axit phn ng c vi ancol (c axt vc mnh xc tc) cho este. H2N-R-COOH + C2H5OH H2N-R-COOC2H5 + H2O 3.Phn ng ca nhm NH2 vi HNO2 H2N-R-COOH + HNO2 HO-R-COOH + N2 + H2O 4.Phn ng trng ngng n H2N[CH2]5COOH to (- HN[CH2]5CO -)n + n H2O Bi tp l thuyt Cu 1. Amino axit l hp cht hu c.(1).cha ng thi 2 nhm chc(2). A. n chc/ -COOH v CHO B. tp chc/ -COOH v OH C. tp chc/ -COOH v NH2 D. a chc/ -COOH Cu 2. chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh, c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln lt vi:

Cu 3. Cu 4. Cu 5.

Cu 6.

B. dung dch KOH v dung dch A. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2SO4. HCl. C. dung dch KOH v CuO. D. dung dch NaOH v dung 3. dch NH Cng thc cu to ca alanin l: A. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C6H5NH2. C. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COOH. Amino axit khng tc dng vi: A. este B. oxit baz, baz C. axit D. ru Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch di y, dung dch no lm qu tm ha ? (1) NH2-CH2-COOH, (2) Cl-NH3+-CH2-COOH, (3) NH2-CH2-COONa, (4) NH2-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, (5) HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. A. (2) B. (1) v (5) C. (2) v (5) D. (1) v (4) Tm cu sai: A. Khc vi axit axetic, axit amino axetic c th phn ng vi axit HCl v phn ng trng ngng. B. Ging vi axit axetic, axit amino axetic c th tc dng vi baz to mui v vi ancol to este. C. C th nhn bit axit axtic v axit amino axetic bng qu tm. D. Axit axtic v axit amino axetic u c th iu ch t mui natri tng ng cho tc dng vi HCl. + NaOH + HCl Cu 7. Cho s bin ha: Alanin X Y. Cht no sau y l Y? A. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH B. NH3Cl-CH2-CH2-COOH C. CH3-CH(NH3Cl)-COOH D. CH3-CH(NH3Cl)-COONa Cu 8. ng vi cng thc phn t C2H7O2N c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH, va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl? A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4. Cu 9. C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoniclorua), H2NCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOCCH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 10. Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glixin? A. H2N-CH2-COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)COOH D.H2NCH2-CH2COOH Cu 11(cdA2011): Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Trong mt phn t tetrapeptit mch h c 4 lin kt peptit. B. Trong mi trng kim, ipeptit mch h tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm. C. Cc hp cht peptit km bn trong mi trng baz nhng bn trong mi trng axit. D. Amino axit l hp cht c tnh lng tnh. Cu 12(cd2008): Cho dy cc cht: C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. DNG 1: TM CTCT CA AMINO AXT DA VO PHN NG TO MUI Cu 1. Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. Glixin

Cu 2. 0,1 mol aminoaxit X phn ng va vi 0,2 mol HCl hoc 0,1 mol NaOH. Cng thc ca X c dng l. A. (H2N)2R(COOH)2. B. H2NRCOOH. C. H2NR(COOH)2. D. (H2N)2RCOOH Cu 3. X l mt - amioaxit no ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm -COOH. Cho 23,4 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 30,7 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l cng thc no? A. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH B. H2N-CH2-COOH C.CH2-CH(CH3)CH(NH2)COOH D.CH2=C(CH3)CH(NH2)COOH Cu 4. X l mt aminoaxit no ch cha 1 nhm - NH2 v 1 nhm COOH. Cho 0,89 gam X tc dng vi HCl va to r a 1,255 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l cng thc no sau y? A. H2N- CH2-COOH B. CH3- CH(NH2)-COOH.C. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH. D. C3H7CH(NH2)-COOH Cu 5. X l mt - amioaxit no ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm -COOH. Cho 15,1 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 18,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l cng thc no? A. C6H5- CH(NH2)-COOH B. CH3- CH(NH2)-COOH C. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH D. C3H7CH(NH2)CH2COOH Cu 6. Cho 1 mol aminoaxit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d m1 g mui Y. Mt khc cng 1 mol X nh trn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c m 2 g mui Z. Bit m1 - m2 = 7,5. X CTPT ca X. A. C5H9O4N B. C4H10O2N2 C. C5H11O4N D. C5H8O4N2 Cu 7. Cho 14,7 gam mt amino axit X (c 1 nhm NH2) tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 19,1 gam mui. Mt khc cng lng amino axit trn phn ng vi HCl d to 18,35 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l A. NH2-CH2-COOH B. CH3-CH(NH2)COOH C. NH2-(CH2)6 -COOH D. HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)COOH Cu 8 (cdA2011): Amino axit X c dng H2NRCOOH (R l gc hirocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch cha 11,15 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l A. glyxin. B. valin. C. alanin. D. phenylalanin. Cu 9. 0,1 mol aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 0,2 mol HCl, sn phm to thnh p va ht vi 0,3 mol NaOH. Gi tr n, m laf A. (H2N)2R(COOH)3. B. H2NRCOOH. C. H2NR(COOH)2. D. (H2N)2RCOOH Cu 10. X l mt amino axit. Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi HCl th dng ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125 M v thu c 1,835 g mui khan. Cn khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th cn 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2%. Cng thc no sau y l ca X ? A. C7H12-(NH)-COOH B. C3H6-(NH)-COOH C. NH2-C3H5-(COOH)2 D. (NH2)2-C3H5-COOH Cu 11. (dha 2009): Cho 1mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2 - m1 = 7,5. CTPT ca X l A. C5H9O4N. B. C4H10O2N2. C. C5H11O2N. D. C4H8O4N2. Cu 12. Cho 4,41g mt aminoaxit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho ra 5,73g mui. Mt khc cng lng X nh trn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 5,505 g mui clorua. X CTCT ca X. A. HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH D.C A,B