LCD MODULE INTERFACING With 8085 Microprocessor

By: Samridhi Bhasin(2076) and Preeti(2070) B.Sc.(H) ELECTRONICS IIIrd YEAR HANS RAJ COLLEGE DELHI UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. There are various examples of the relationship between addresses and display locations for typical module formats like 16 character 2 line,20 character 1 line,20 character 2 line,16 character 4 line and 40 character 2 line.

APPARATUS
8085 Microprocessor kit LCD Module (16 character, 2 line) Data cable 26 PIN Connector +5V Voltage supply Variable resistor

8085 MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven, register based electronic device. The 8085 is an 8- bit general purpose microprocessor capable of addressing 64K of memory. Its instruction set is designed by using various combinations of 8 bits. The device has forty pins, requires a +5V single power supply and can operate with a 3MHz single phase clock.

8255A PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE

The Intel 8255A is a general purpose programmable I/O device which is designed for use with all Intel and most other microprocessors. It provides 24 I/O pins which may be individually programmed in 2 groups of 12 and used in 3 major modes of operation. In MODE 0, each group of 12 I/O pins may be programmed in sets of 4 and 8 to be inputs or outputs. In MODE 1, each group may be programmed to have 8 lines of input or output. 3 of the remaining 4 pins are used for handshaking and interrupt control signals. MODE 2 is a strobe bi-directional bus configuration.

APPARATUS DESCRIPTION
MICROPROCESSOR 8085: The microprocessor training kit is a low-cost, easy-to-use, entry level, Microprocessor trainer kit. The microprocessor training kit has Intel's 8085 microprocessor @ 3 MHz together with 8255 as well as 8155 chips onboard.

16x2 LCD MODULE: We are using intelligent liquid crystal display (l.c.d.) module which have the ability to display not just numbers, but also letters, words and all manner of symbols, makes them a good deal more versatile than the familiar7-segment light emitting diode (l.e.d.)displays.

PIN DIAGRAM OF LCD

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Flowchart
START
L A S A KP IN E OD T C O TR P c th o e n 1o e to a d o e n 2 s re la e e p ra d , p ra r n p ra d to d b th u e fro C 0 , 1 2 to re is rs BCa d D y e s r m 4 00 , 0 g te , n M v th v lu in C , eo e to c d ) toA oe e a e (ieth p ra r o e
yes

Is A 0? = 1
no

AD D

Is A0 ? = 2
no

yes

SB U

Is A0 ? = 3
no

yes

MLI UT -P Y L

Is A0 ? = 4
no

yes

D ID IV E

Flowchart Contd..
Is A=0 5?
No

HC F
S IP K

M IN A 1

C 08H =

M IN A 3

C 0C = H C 0F = H
CL AL IN IT L A D P IRW H OD E A IT C U TF RD L Y O N O EA CL AL DL Y EA *

S IP K

M IN A 2

S IP K

L A H P IRW HC 00, ie S A T G OD L A IT 5 , T R IN A D E SO C N E U IV M M R L C T N D R S F O S C T E E O Y O A IO S W E EC A A T RC D SA ES O E H R H R CE O E R T R D CL AL SR G T IN

ED N

CONCLUSION
The hardware section together with the software instructions shows successful execution of the desired operation. Using the microprocessor kit, the user enters the operand 1,operator code and operand 2 in the memory locations C400,C401 and C402 respectively. The operands are entered in hexadecimal form and the operator codes are as follows : 01 : addition 02 : subtraction 03 : multiplication 04 : division 05:HCF Now when the software program is executed the LCD module gets initialised and displays Testing..OK as a result of successful testing of the display after initialization. Next the hexadecimal calculation the user performed is displayed in decimal form on the LCD module.

Principal LCD Advantages

Sharpness Image is perfectly sharp at the native resolution of the panel. LCDs using an analog input require careful adjustment of pixel tracking/phase . Brightness High peak intensity produces very bright images. Best for brightly lit environments. Screen Shape Screens are perfectly flat. Physical Thin, Low weight with a small footprint. Consume little electricity and produce little heat.

Principal LCD Disadvantages

Black-Level, Contrast and Color Saturation LCDs have difficulty producing black and very dark grays. As a result they generally have lower contrast than CRTs and the color saturation for low intensity colors is also reduced. Cost Considerably more expensive than CRTs but obselete technology.

Limitation of LCD
LCD needs a backlight , a white light source is used as a backlight.

APPLICATIONS
Small monochrome displays like the one used here are found in personal organizers, electronic weighing scales and the original Nintendo Game Boy. These screens are often found in copiers, fax machines, laser printers, industrial test equipment, networking equipment such as routers and storage devices, etc.

Technological improvements to liquid crystal display (LCD) screens have seen them become more popular in the high definition television market. LCD screens also need less power to operate giving the consumers considerable savings on their electricity bills. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, more reliable. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT.

Any Questions.

Thank You Samridhi Bhasin and Preeti