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,!

1(24/116)
1.
{a,b},1,2
():
1={w{a,b}*|wa},
2={w{a,b}*|wab}
2.={w{a,b}*|waab}
. .
(,
,
).

2(24/116)
..
.
, .

.
1.L1={a,b}*
2.L2={w{a,b,c}*|w0a
b,
c}.
3.L3={w{a,b}*|wanbnn>2}
4.L4={w{a,b}*|wanbnn<3}
. L3
,.
1

3(24/116)
. w {a,b,c}.

.
1. (
).
2.ww#w,#{a,b,c}.
3.
waw,
b w w#w, c
.
4. ? Y
(,)?
,{a,b,c}*?
( ) .
.
(.
)Turing
.

4(24/116)
.TuringMw
Turing ,w
w.,w ,
w,.
1),w.
2) Turing
{w{a,b}*|wa}.
w w=aaba.w=baa.
, w, ,w
.
TuringM.
.PTYTM,LTM
MPTYTMMPTYTM.PTYTM={<M>|Muring
2

 }. LTM ={<M,w>| M uring

w}.

5(20/116)
. 1,1,1, 4
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv),
.
(i),(ii),
(iii) Turing, (iv)
Turing.
1.w.
1. , ,
.
1.w.
.
. K={<G,k>| G
k
}.
2. Turing
.
3. Turing ,
,
k.
4.Turing.
5..
6. P=NP
uring.
7. P NP uring
.
8.
.