Mapua Institute of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry CHM144l/A21

EXPERIMENT NO. 5 HAND AND BODY LOTION

SALVADOR, Sharlene Kim L. CHE-3

Prof. Medarlo De Jesus

Instructor

INTRODUCTION

Hand and body lotion is one of affordable yet essential product in cosmetic industry. Lotion is not only used for beauty purposes but also for topical application for damaged skin. It may contain additives dependent on the type of lotion needed. Some are used for medicinal skin ointment like antibiotics, antiseptics, antifungals, corticosteroids, anti-acne agents and moisturizing and protective agent. In this experiment, lotions are oil-in-water emulsions using a substance such as cetearyl alcohol to keep the emulsion together, but water-in-oil lotions are also conveyed. The key components of a skin care lotion, cream or gel emulsion (that is mixtures of oil and water) are the aqueous and oily phases, an emulgent to prevent separation of these two phases, and, if used, the drug substance or substances. A wide variety of other ingredients such as fragrances, glycerol, petroleum jelly, dyes, preservatives, proteins and stabilizing agents are commonly added to lotions.-wikipedia. Its industrial uses are evident in cosmetic and medicinal industry. after-shave, after-shave lotion - a fragrant lotion for a man's face after shaving body lotion - lotion applied to the body after bathing hand lotion - lotion used to soften the hands toilet articles, toiletry - artifacts used in making your toilet (washing and taking care of your body) toner - a lotion for cleansing the skin and contracting the pores

DATA AND RESULTS A. Preparation of Lotion OBSERVATION Before we heat the mixture, oils were observed at the top layer as well as solid particles. The solids liquefied and the oils were mixed after heating the mixture Adding triethanolamine, dissolved the oil and emulsified the solution. The globules disappeared. Upon constant string, the mixture /solution thicken and turned to white solution and it formed small lather. Final product is when the mixture has thick uniform solution with no lather.

B. Performance of the prepared Lotion OBSERVATION - Greasy feeling - Provides pleasant smell to skin - The skin became smoother - The lotion makes the skin tendered

No necessary skin irritation was observed.

Materials Stearic Acid Cetyl Alcohol Mineral Oil Glycerin Triethanolamine Preservative Fragrance Distilled Water

% 1.30 1.29 3.00 2.07 1.43 0.45 0.1 91.06 SAMPLE COMPUTATION Total mass: 100.71 g Actual mass: 99.72 g Percent Yield % yield= x100% 100.71 g

% yield= 99.02 %

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

In this experiment, we prepared a hand and body lotion and we do preliminary tests on its effect on skin. The lotion main components were 1.3 % stearic acid, 1.3 % cetyl alcohol, 3.00% mineral oil, 2% glycerine and 90.60% water. The additives used were 1.40 % triethanolamine , 0.30 % preservative and 0.10 % fragrance. The preparation of lotion involves weighing and mixing, heating of the chemical additives in lotion. In weighing, we added 90.06 g of water which has the highest composition of lotion. It serves as the medium of lotion which the emulsifiers, ph additive, surfactant additives were uniformly dissolved in water. We also added 1.30 g of stearic acid in the formulation. This stearic acid used to bind and thicken the lotion. Adding 1.30 g of cetyl alcohol would also thicken the lotion. Cetylalcohol isan emulsifier or thickening agent. It is usually in the form of white flakes. We used mineral oil instead of coconut oil since mineral oil is more suitable because it is odourless, and it has good moisturizing effect to skin and easily react with the chemical additives in lotion. In our first trial when we used the coconut oil, the oily substances stayed on the surface of the mixture and it didnt dissolve in the solution. Another mistake we observed, when it was not stirred while heating to prevent lump and bulge of the

lotion. Glycerin was also added to because it is the main active component for moisturizing the skin. The second step is heating the mixture at 70 C to liquefy the solid components like stearic acid and cetyl alcohol and also to make the mixture more viscous. We observed that mixing the solution while heating would make the mixture thick and viscous and prevents lumpiness. The temperature must not exceed 70 C in doing so may aggravates the quality of the lotion. Triethanolamine was immediately added in hot mixture. It serves as emulsifier as mentioned earlier. The solution was cooled at room temperature while simultaneously stirring. It is important to constantly stir even when it is heated. The essential oil was added after the lotion was cooled. To ensure lasting fragrance because if it is hot, the tendency of the molecules fragrance to diffuse at high temperature. The performance of the lotion has achieved its primary function as hand and body lotion because of its soothing feeling and the good effect it does onto the skin. Furthermore no skin irritation observed upon application. It is moisturizing to the skin and the quality of the lotions fluid has viscous and thicker fluid. This makes the lotion ideal for skin rehydration. The only problem is that it only provides moisturizing effect and it has no spf for UV rays or anti-inflammatory. This is not ideal lotion for hot weather but good in cold temperature to prevent drying the skin. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS I therefore conclude that the main active components in lotion are emulsifiers, thickening agents, fragrance, surfactant, preservatives and moisturizing agent. The key role of emulsifiers and thickening agents is to establish the thickness of lotion and to bind the chemical additives into a solution having greater volume and thicknesss fluid. A preservative prolongs and activates the components for even a long period of time. Moisturizing agent is essential as it provide key ingredients for moisturizing, replenishing, and hydrating the skin. It also smoothens and alleviates dryness due to weather condition. Fragrant is also added to produce appealing odorous smell that lasts on skin. The emulsifier is important for binding the components of lotion and serves as the thickening agent. I conclude that making lotion is very easy as long as you know the concept about formulation of lotion. The knowledge about the key ingredients and its role is very important to prepare lotion and it is also a step in improving the quality of the lotion by adding chemicals that provides benefits for skins damage like for sun protection, anti-aging, collagen , whitener and more. I recommend to set-up an experiment to test the performance of the lotion comparable to the other commercial brands in the market. I also recommend using up-to-date chemicals so that an ideal lotion can be formed because sometimes it decreases the performance of the lotion. I also recommendto divide the lotion into different formulation to see how the ingredients work independently.