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Phys 711
HW 6
November 8, 2012
1
1a)
x
2
x
1
2E
m
2
x
2
=
2E
m
2
substitute
x =
2E
m
2
sin(u)
dx =
2E
m
2
cos(u)du
u
2
u
1
2m
E E sin
2
(u)
2E
m
2
cos(u)du
u
1
= 1 u
2
= 1
1
1
2E
cos
2
(u)du =
2E
1
1
1/2(cos(2u) + 1)du
2E
u|
1
1
=
E
sin
1
(
m
2
2E
x)|
x
2
x
1
=
E
E = h(n + 1/2)
2
1b)
V (x
n
+ x) = 1/2m
2
x
2
n
+m
2
x
n
x + 1/2m
2
x
2
= E
n
+m
2
x
n
x +
E
V
linear
(x) 1/2m
2
x
n
2
+m
2
x
n
(x x
n
) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
(x x
n
)
V
linear
(x
n
+ x) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
((x
n
+ x) x
n
) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
x
V (x
n
+ x) V
linear
(x
n
+ x) =
E
E = .01V (x
n
) = .01E
n
= (.01) 1/2m
2
x
2
n
x = .1x
n
3
1c)
h
2
2m
d
2
dx
2
+ (E +m
2
x
n
(x)) = E
d
2
dx
2
=
2m
2
2
x
n
h
2
x
z = x
dz = dx
d
dx
=
d
dz
dz
dx
=
d
dz
d
2
dx
2
=
d
2
dz
2
2
2
d
2
dz
2
=
2m
2
2
x
n
h
2
x
2m
2
2
x
n
h
2
=
3
d
2
dz
2
= x = z
x = z > 5
2m
2
2
x
n
h
2
1/3
x
n
10
5
2m
2
2
x
4
n
h
2
50
3
= 125000
x
n
=
2E
n
m
2
x
4
n
=
4E
2
n
m
2
4
2m
2
2
h
2
4E
2
n
m
2
4
=
8E
2
n
h
2
2
=
8 h
2
2
(n + 1/2)
2
h
2
2
= 8(n + 1/2)
2
= 125000
(n + 1/2)
2
= 15625
(n + 1/2) = 125
n = 124.5 n 125
4
2) We set out here to compute the 2x2 matrix that relates the coecients A
and B to F and G on opposite sides of a potential scatterer. The equation to the
left of the scatterer in region I is
I
=
A
k(x)
e
i
x
a
k(x
)dx
+
B
k(x)
e
i
x
a
k(x
)dx
We must ip the integral limits in order to produce the correct form for the
matching criterion of the WKB approximation.
I
=
A
k(x)
e
i
a
x
k(x
)dx
+
B
k(x)
e
i
a
x
k(x
)dx
Multiplying by e
i/4
e
i/4
, we can introduce the necessary phase factor required
for the matching criterion
I
=
A
k(x)
e
i/4
e
i[
a
x
k(x
)dx
/4]
+
B
k(x)
e
i/4
e
i[
a
x
k(x
)dx
/4]
Expanding
I
in terms of its trigonometric components
I
=
A
k(x)
e
i/4
(cos() i sin()) +
B
k(x)
e
i/4
(cos() +i sin())
Where
=
a
x
k(x
)dx
/4
combining terms...
I
=
cos()
k(x)
(Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
) +
i sin()
k(x)
(Be
i/4
Ae
i/4
)
We can now use the matching conditions to express
II
in terms of trig func-
tions
II
=
1
(x)
(Ce
x
a
(x
)dx
+De
x
a
(x
)dx
II
=
1
k(x)
(2C cos() Dsin())
We can now set like terms equal and achieve the relations between A,B,C,D
C = 1/2(Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
) D = i(Be
i/4
Ae
i/4
)
5
We now must match the equations on the other side of the potential barrier.
We can see that there is a limit mismatch between
II
and
III
. In order to resolve
this, we will break up the integral in
II
into separate parts. First, however, we
will prepare
III
to have the correct limits by ipping the order and introducing
the /4 phase factor.
III
=
1
k(x)
(Fe
i
x
b
k(x
)dx
+Ge
i
x
b
k(x
)dx
III
=
1
k(x)
(Fe
i/4
e
i[
x
b
k(x
)dx
/4]
+Ge
i/4
e
i[
x
b
k(x
)dx
/4]
)
Expanding
III
into trig functions
III
=
1
k(x)
[Fe
i/4
(cos() +i sin()) +Ge
i/4
(cos() i sin())]
Where
=
x
b
k(x
)dx
/4
collecting like terms
III
=
1
k(x)
[cos()(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
) +i sin()(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
)]
moving on and preparing
II
II
=
1
(x)
(Ce
b
a
(x
)dx
x
b
(x
)dx
+De
b
a
(x
)dx
x
b
(x
)dx
)
dening
= e
b
a
(x
)dx
III
=
1
(x)
x
b
(x
)dx
+De
x
b
(x
)dx
III
=
1
(x)
b
x
(x
)dx
+De
b
x
(x
)dx
III
=
1
k(x)
[
C
sin() + 2D cos()]
We can now achieve relations between C,D,F,G
C = i(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
) D =
1
2
(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
)
With these relations and the ones achieved from matching on the left side of
the potential barrier, we can now express A and B in terms of F and G
Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
= 2i(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
)
Ae
i/4
Be
i/4
=
1
2i
(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
)
Solving
A
F +iG4F
2
4iG
2
4
, B
iF
4
+
G
4
iF +G
(1 + 4
2
) i (1 4
2
)
i (1 4
2
) (1 + 4
2
)
|F|
|A|
A
B
= M
F
0
F
(
14
2
)
4
iF
(
14
2
)
4
T =
4
(1 + 4
2
)
2
as becomes large, the asymptotic behavior of T goes as
1
2
7
3)
We use the result from problem 2 in calculating the transmission coecient
for an particle subject to a Coulomb repulsion barrier in 1D. The potential is
dened as
V (x) =
q
q
nucl
x
for x < 0
Where
q
= 2e, q
nucl
= Ze
where e is the fundamental charge.
V (x) =
2Ze
2
x
The transmission coecient is dened in terms of , which much be calculated.
= exp[
b
a
(x
)dx
]
Where
(x) =
2m
h
2
(V (x) E)
Setting up the integral, we have
2m
h
2
2Ze
2
x
E
dx
Noting that
E = V (x
0
) =
2Ze
2
x
0
We can rewrite the integral
2m
h
2
Ex
0
x
E
dx =
2mE
h
2
x
0
x
1dx
substituting
x
x
0
= sin
2
(u)
the integral can be rewritten as
8
2mE
h
2
csc
2
(u) 1(2 sin(u) cos(u))du =
2mE
h
2
2mE
h
2
2 cos
2
(u)du =
2mE
h
2
(1 + cos(2u))du
2mE
h
2
(u +
1
2
sin(2u))
subbing back in for u
u = sin
1
(
x
x
0
)
sin(2u) = 2
x
x
0
x
x
0
2
Finally, we have
2m
h
2
2Ze
2
x
E
dx =
2mE
h
2
sin
1
x
x
0
+
x
x
0
x
x
0
0
x
0
2m
h
2
2Ze
2
x
E
dx =
2mE
h
2
2
Substitution this back in for the equation of the transmission coecient
T =
(4)
(1 + 4
2
)
2
=
8m
2
E
1 +
2m
2
E
h
2
2
h
2
Dening E to be the free particle kinetic energy
E = 1/2mv
2
substituting
T =
4m
2
2
v
2
h
2
m
2
2
v
2
+ h
2
2
9
4)
Constant Force, A
m x = A
x(t) =
A
2m
t
2
+Bt +c
The force can also be dened as the negative gradient of the potential
dV
dx
= A
V (x) = Ax(t)
x(0) = x
= c
x(t
f
) = x
f
=
A
2m
t
2
f
+Bt
f
+x
B =
x
f
x
A
2m
t
2
f
t
f
v(t) = x(t) = B +
At
m
L =
1
2
m
B +
At
m
2
+A
c +Bt +
At
2
2m
t
f
0
L = Act
f
+
1
2
B
2
mt
f
+ABt
2
f
+
A
2
t
3
f
3m
substituting back in the values for B, C and letting x = xf, t = tf
S =
m(x x
)
2
2t
+
1
2
A(x +x
)t
A
2
t
3
24m
k(x, t; x
, 0) = A(t)e
iS/h
A(t)
1
= lim
t0
e
iS/h
=
2i ht
m
10
5)
S
cl
=
Ldt =
dt(
1
2
m x
2
1
2
m
2
x
2
)
Solving Lagranges Eqns
x =
2
x
x(t) = Asin(t) +Bcos(t)
x(t) = x
= B
x(t) = x A =
x x
cos(t)
sin(t)
x(t)
2
=
2
[A
2
cos
2
(t) +B
2
sin
2
(t) 2ABcos(t) sin(t)]
x(t)
2
= A
2
sin
2
(t) +B
2
cos
2
(t) + 2ABcos(t) sin(t)
S
cl
=
1
4
(4ABm sin(t) +m(A
2
B
2
) sin(2t))
Double angle formulas
S
cl
=
1
2
m((A
2
B
2
) sin(t) cos(t) 2ABsin
2
(t))
substitute A, B
S
cl
=
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) cos(t) 2xx
)
k(x, t; x
, 0) = A(t) exp[
i
h
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) cos(t) 2xx
)]
in the small t limit...
cos(t) 1
S
cl
=
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) 2xx
) =
m
2 sin(t)
(x x
)
2
integrating in the small t limit
exp[
im
2 hsin(t)
(x x
)
2
]dx =
2i hsin(t)
m
= A
1
(t)
A(t) =
m
2i hsin(t)
11
6)
n
(x) =
m
h
1/4
1
2
n
n!
exp
mx
2
2 h
H
n
m
h
1/2
x
n
(0)
n
(0) =
m
h
1/2
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H
n
[0]
k(0, t; 0, 0) =
m
2i hsin(t)
1/2
=
m
h
1/2
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H
n
[0]e
iEnt/h
1
2i sin(t)
1/2
=
n
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H
n
[0]e
iEnt/h
the Hermite polynomials up to n = 4 are (for arbitrary x)
H
0
(x) = 1
H
1
(x) = 2x
H
2
(x) = 4x
2
2
H
3
(x) = 8x
3
12x
H
4
(x) = 16x
4
48x
2
+ 12
1
2i sin(t)
1/2
= e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
8
(2)
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
144
384
e
iE
4
t/h
1
2i sin(t)
1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
using the Euler relation for sin(x)
sin(x) =
e
ix
e
ix
2i
The LHS can be rewritten
1
e
it
e
it
1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
1
e
it
e
it
1/2
=
1
e
it
(1 e
2it
)
1/2
=
e
it
1 e
2it
1/2
e
it/2
(1 e
2it
)
1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
12
z = e
it
e
it/2
(1 e
2it
)
1/2
= z
1/2
(1 z
2
)
1/2
z
1/2
(1 +
z
2
2
+
3z
4
8
)
z +
z
5/2
2
+
3z
9/2
8
=
e
it
+
1
2
e
it
5/2
+
3
8
e
it
9/2
e
it
+
1
2
e
it
5/2
+
3
8
e
it
9/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
E
0
= h/2
E
2
= 5 h/2
E
4
= 9 h/2
The odd number Hermite polynomials are 0 for x = x = 0, therefore one cannot
calculate the odd energy eigenvalue in this particular way.
13