You are on page 1of 13

Matthew Beck

Phys 711
HW 6
November 8, 2012
1
1a)
x
2

x
1

2m[E V (x)] = (n + 1/2) h


V (x) = 1/2m
2
x
2
x
1
=

2E
m
2
x
2
=

2E
m
2
substitute
x =

2E
m
2
sin(u)
dx =

2E
m
2
cos(u)du
u
2

u
1

2m

E E sin
2
(u)

2E
m
2
cos(u)du
u
1
= 1 u
2
= 1

1
1
2E

cos
2
(u)du =
2E

1
1
1/2(cos(2u) + 1)du
2E

(1/4 sin(2u) + 1/2u) =


2E

(1/2)(sin(u) cos(u) +u)|


1
1
E

u|
1
1
=
E

sin
1
(

m
2
2E
x)|
x
2
x
1
=
E

E = h(n + 1/2)
2
1b)
V (x
n
+ x) = 1/2m
2
x
2
n
+m
2
x
n
x + 1/2m
2
x
2
= E
n
+m
2
x
n
x +

E
V
linear
(x) 1/2m
2
x
n
2
+m
2
x
n
(x x
n
) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
(x x
n
)
V
linear
(x
n
+ x) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
((x
n
+ x) x
n
) = E
n
+m
2
x
n
x
V (x
n
+ x) V
linear
(x
n
+ x) =

E

E = .01V (x
n
) = .01E
n
= (.01) 1/2m
2
x
2
n
x = .1x
n
3
1c)

h
2
2m
d
2

dx
2
+ (E +m
2
x
n
(x)) = E
d
2

dx
2
=
2m
2

2
x
n
h
2
x
z = x
dz = dx
d
dx
=
d
dz
dz
dx
=
d
dz

d
2

dx
2
=
d
2

dz
2

2

2
d
2

dz
2
=
2m
2

2
x
n
h
2
x
2m
2

2
x
n
h
2
=
3
d
2

dz
2
= x = z
x = z > 5

2m
2

2
x
n
h
2

1/3

x
n
10
5
2m
2

2
x
4
n
h
2
50
3
= 125000
x
n
=

2E
n
m
2
x
4
n
=
4E
2
n
m
2

4
2m
2

2
h
2
4E
2
n
m
2

4
=
8E
2
n
h
2

2
=
8 h
2

2
(n + 1/2)
2
h
2

2
= 8(n + 1/2)
2
= 125000
(n + 1/2)
2
= 15625
(n + 1/2) = 125
n = 124.5 n 125
4
2) We set out here to compute the 2x2 matrix that relates the coecients A
and B to F and G on opposite sides of a potential scatterer. The equation to the
left of the scatterer in region I is

I
=
A

k(x)
e
i

x
a
k(x

)dx

+
B

k(x)
e
i

x
a
k(x

)dx

We must ip the integral limits in order to produce the correct form for the
matching criterion of the WKB approximation.

I
=
A

k(x)
e
i

a
x
k(x

)dx

+
B

k(x)
e
i

a
x
k(x

)dx

Multiplying by e
i/4
e
i/4
, we can introduce the necessary phase factor required
for the matching criterion

I
=
A

k(x)
e
i/4
e
i[

a
x
k(x

)dx

/4]
+
B

k(x)
e
i/4
e
i[

a
x
k(x

)dx

/4]
Expanding
I
in terms of its trigonometric components

I
=
A

k(x)
e
i/4
(cos() i sin()) +
B

k(x)
e
i/4
(cos() +i sin())
Where
=

a
x
k(x

)dx

/4
combining terms...

I
=
cos()

k(x)
(Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
) +
i sin()

k(x)
(Be
i/4
Ae
i/4
)
We can now use the matching conditions to express
II
in terms of trig func-
tions

II
=
1

(x)
(Ce

x
a
(x

)dx

+De

x
a
(x

)dx

II
=
1

k(x)
(2C cos() Dsin())
We can now set like terms equal and achieve the relations between A,B,C,D
C = 1/2(Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
) D = i(Be
i/4
Ae
i/4
)
5
We now must match the equations on the other side of the potential barrier.
We can see that there is a limit mismatch between
II
and
III
. In order to resolve
this, we will break up the integral in
II
into separate parts. First, however, we
will prepare
III
to have the correct limits by ipping the order and introducing
the /4 phase factor.

III
=
1

k(x)
(Fe
i

x
b
k(x

)dx

+Ge
i

x
b
k(x

)dx

III
=
1

k(x)
(Fe
i/4
e
i[

x
b
k(x

)dx

/4]
+Ge
i/4
e
i[

x
b
k(x

)dx

/4]
)
Expanding
III
into trig functions

III
=
1

k(x)
[Fe
i/4
(cos() +i sin()) +Ge
i/4
(cos() i sin())]
Where
=

x
b
k(x

)dx

/4
collecting like terms

III
=
1

k(x)
[cos()(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
) +i sin()(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
)]
moving on and preparing
II

II
=
1

(x)
(Ce

b
a
(x

)dx

x
b
(x

)dx

+De

b
a
(x

)dx

x
b
(x

)dx

)
dening
= e

b
a
(x

)dx

III
=
1

(x)

x
b
(x

)dx

+De

x
b
(x

)dx

III
=
1

(x)

b
x
(x

)dx

+De

b
x
(x

)dx

we can now use the matching conditions to express


III
in terms trig functions
and
6

III
=
1

k(x)
[
C

sin() + 2D cos()]
We can now achieve relations between C,D,F,G
C = i(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
) D =
1
2
(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
)
With these relations and the ones achieved from matching on the left side of
the potential barrier, we can now express A and B in terms of F and G
Ae
i/4
+Be
i/4
= 2i(Fe
i/4
Ge
i/4
)
Ae
i/4
Be
i/4
=
1
2i
(Fe
i/4
+Ge
i/4
)
Solving

A
F +iG4F
2
4iG
2
4
, B
iF
4
+
G
4
iF +G

resulting in the 2x2 matrix


M=
1
4

(1 + 4
2
) i (1 4
2
)
i (1 4
2
) (1 + 4
2
)

Now, for G = 0, we compute the transmission coecient, T dened as


T =

|F|
|A|

A
B

= M

F
0

F
(
14
2
)
4
iF
(
14
2
)
4

T =

4
(1 + 4
2
)

2
as becomes large, the asymptotic behavior of T goes as
1

2
7
3)
We use the result from problem 2 in calculating the transmission coecient
for an particle subject to a Coulomb repulsion barrier in 1D. The potential is
dened as
V (x) =
q

q
nucl
x
for x < 0
Where
q

= 2e, q
nucl
= Ze
where e is the fundamental charge.
V (x) =
2Ze
2
x
The transmission coecient is dened in terms of , which much be calculated.
= exp[

b
a
(x

)dx

]
Where
(x) =

2m
h
2
(V (x) E)
Setting up the integral, we have


2m
h
2

2Ze
2
x
E

dx
Noting that
E = V (x
0
) =
2Ze
2
x
0
We can rewrite the integral


2m
h
2

Ex
0
x
E

dx =

2mE
h
2


x
0
x
1dx
substituting
x
x
0
= sin
2
(u)
the integral can be rewritten as
8

2mE
h
2


csc
2
(u) 1(2 sin(u) cos(u))du =

2mE
h
2

2 cot(u) sin(u) cos(u)du


reducing using trig IDs

2mE
h
2

2 cos
2
(u)du =

2mE
h
2

(1 + cos(2u))du

2mE
h
2
(u +
1
2
sin(2u))
subbing back in for u
u = sin
1
(

x
x
0
)
sin(2u) = 2
x
x
0

x
x
0

2
Finally, we have


2m
h
2

2Ze
2
x
E

dx =

2mE
h
2

sin
1

x
x
0

+
x
x
0

x
x
0

The limits on the integration are from [x0,0]

0
x
0

2m
h
2

2Ze
2
x
E

dx =

2mE
h
2

2
Substitution this back in for the equation of the transmission coecient
T =

(4)
(1 + 4
2
)

2
=
8m
2
E

1 +
2m
2
E
h
2

2
h
2
Dening E to be the free particle kinetic energy
E = 1/2mv
2
substituting
T =
4m
2

2
v
2
h
2

m
2

2
v
2
+ h
2

2
9
4)
Constant Force, A
m x = A
x(t) =
A
2m
t
2
+Bt +c
The force can also be dened as the negative gradient of the potential

dV
dx
= A
V (x) = Ax(t)
x(0) = x

= c
x(t
f
) = x
f
=
A
2m
t
2
f
+Bt
f
+x

B =
x
f
x

A
2m
t
2
f
t
f
v(t) = x(t) = B +
At
m
L =
1
2
m

B +
At
m

2
+A

c +Bt +
At
2
2m

Calculating the action, S


S =

t
f
0
L = Act
f
+
1
2
B
2
mt
f
+ABt
2
f
+
A
2
t
3
f
3m
substituting back in the values for B, C and letting x = xf, t = tf
S =
m(x x

)
2
2t
+
1
2
A(x +x

)t
A
2
t
3
24m
k(x, t; x

, 0) = A(t)e
iS/h
A(t)
1
= lim
t0

e
iS/h
=

2i ht
m
10
5)
S
cl
=

Ldt =

dt(
1
2
m x
2

1
2
m
2
x
2
)
Solving Lagranges Eqns
x =
2
x
x(t) = Asin(t) +Bcos(t)
x(t) = x

= B
x(t) = x A =
x x

cos(t)
sin(t)
x(t)
2
=
2
[A
2
cos
2
(t) +B
2
sin
2
(t) 2ABcos(t) sin(t)]
x(t)
2
= A
2
sin
2
(t) +B
2
cos
2
(t) + 2ABcos(t) sin(t)
S
cl
=
1
4
(4ABm sin(t) +m(A
2
B
2
) sin(2t))
Double angle formulas
S
cl
=
1
2
m((A
2
B
2
) sin(t) cos(t) 2ABsin
2
(t))
substitute A, B
S
cl
=
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) cos(t) 2xx

)
k(x, t; x

, 0) = A(t) exp[
i
h
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) cos(t) 2xx

)]
in the small t limit...
cos(t) 1
S
cl
=
m
2 sin(t)
((x
2
+x
2
) 2xx

) =
m
2 sin(t)
(x x

)
2
integrating in the small t limit

exp[
im
2 hsin(t)
(x x

)
2
]dx =

2i hsin(t)
m
= A
1
(t)
A(t) =

m
2i hsin(t)
11
6)

n
(x) =

m
h

1/4
1

2
n
n!
exp

mx
2
2 h

H
n

m
h

1/2
x

n
(0)

n
(0) =

m
h

1/2
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H

n
[0]
k(0, t; 0, 0) =

m
2i hsin(t)

1/2
=

m
h

1/2
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H

n
[0]e
iEnt/h

1
2i sin(t)

1/2
=

n
1
2
n
n!
H
n
[0]H

n
[0]e
iEnt/h
the Hermite polynomials up to n = 4 are (for arbitrary x)
H
0
(x) = 1
H
1
(x) = 2x
H
2
(x) = 4x
2
2
H
3
(x) = 8x
3
12x
H
4
(x) = 16x
4
48x
2
+ 12

1
2i sin(t)

1/2
= e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
8
(2)
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
144
384
e
iE
4
t/h

1
2i sin(t)

1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
using the Euler relation for sin(x)
sin(x) =
e
ix
e
ix
2i
The LHS can be rewritten

1
e
it
e
it

1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)

1
e
it
e
it

1/2
=

1
e
it
(1 e
2it
)

1/2
=

e
it
1 e
2it

1/2
e
it/2
(1 e
2it
)
1/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
12
z = e
it
e
it/2
(1 e
2it
)
1/2
= z
1/2
(1 z
2
)
1/2
z
1/2
(1 +
z
2
2
+
3z
4
8
)

z +
z
5/2
2
+
3z
9/2
8
=

e
it
+
1
2

e
it

5/2
+
3
8

e
it

9/2

e
it
+
1
2

e
it

5/2
+
3
8

e
it

9/2
= (e
iE
0
t/h
+
1
2
e
iE
2
t/h
+
3
8
e
iE
4
t/h
)
E
0
= h/2
E
2
= 5 h/2
E
4
= 9 h/2
The odd number Hermite polynomials are 0 for x = x = 0, therefore one cannot
calculate the odd energy eigenvalue in this particular way.
13

You might also like