2010

, ,
.

2010

.............................................................................................................................................. 3
......................................................................................................................... 5
.................................................................................................................. 16
.......................... 21
............................................................................................................ 27
............................................................................................................ 29
.................................................................................................... 30
...................................................................................................................... 47
..................................................................................... 53
: ................................................................................................. 56
: ..................................................................................... 58
: ...................................... 72
.......................................................... 84
: ............................................................................................ 89
............................................................................................................................. 94
............................................................. 98
.................................................................................................................................. 100

2010

()
1:

1. ,
( ),
(, ,
, , );
2. ;
3.
;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ,
;
7. ;
8. (. . ,

);
9. ( ,
, ).

2 :
1. : , ,
;
2. : , ,
.
( )
. ,
:
(1) ? ( );
(2) ? ( );
(3) ? ( );
(4) ? ( )
(5) ? ( )2.

Gleason Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press, 1994. . 1718.
. Daniel Isaac Block. The New American Commentary. . 6: Judges, Ruth / . E. Ray Clendenen .
Nashville: Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1999. . 8.
2

2010

. ,
,
.

2010

, (2 . 3:1617). ?
?

I.

?
(kanw,n), :
, , , 3.
: ,
, (Bruce, Canon, 17).
, ,
.

II.

?
, (IV .) ? ,
?
, , , ?
. .
,
.
, :
,
.

III.

1) . , ,
(. 24:27).
.
. , 4.
,
(, , ) .
2) : ,
. , , ,

G. Abbott-Smith. Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999. . 230.
. Geisler Nix: ,
(Norman L. Geisler William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. Chicago: Moody Press, 1968. . 153.
[ . . .]).

44

2010

,
(. 24:44).
3) -
, ,
. .
:

1 . 29:29-30 , ,

, 30 , ,
,
.
2 . 9:29 , ,

, .
2 . 12:15 , ,
.
2 . 13:22
.
2 . 20:34 , ,
, ,
.
2 . 32:32
, , ,
.
2 . 33:18-19 , ,
, ,
. 19 , , []
, , ,
,
, .

. :
,
(. . 34; . .
24).
. ,
,
,
. , ,
52, 39, 40 41.
, -5.

R. Laird Harris. Inspiration and Canonicity of the Bible. . 166. . : Geisler Nix. A General Introduction to
the Bible. . 154. . . .

2010

, .
29:29 ,
, . 2 9:29 ,
, .
2 12:15 ,
. (2 . 13:22);
, (2 . 20:34);
(2 . 32:32);
( ) (2
. 33:19).
(2 . 35:27), .
,
.
,
6.
, ,
, .
, (,
, ).
, , .
,
, ,
. , ,
, , . . 7.

8.
4) ,
3000 : , ,
. .9
5) . (
,
3 : [. 400 . . .],
[. 200 . . .], [. 100 . . .]10.)

. . 1:7 ,
, , ;

Harris. Inspiration and Canonicity of the Bible. . 166167.

. . 175.
8
Lewis Demarest. Integrative Theology. . 1. . 147.
9
John Snyder. .
10
Geisler Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. . 151.
7

2010

. . . 23:6

, , .
,
.
. . 24:26

. 

, ,
11. ,
, . ., , .
3 . 2:3 ,
,

.
2 . 35:12 [] ,
,
, .
. 7:6 , ,
. . . 910, . 89.
. 26:18 ,
, :
. . 3:12. 70
12.
. 9:2 , ,
, ,
.
,
70 .
.

(2 . 3:1516).

6)
2 24 .
,
, 24 39
.

. 23:35 ,
, , ,

11

Keil Delitzsch. Joshua // Commentary on the Old Testament: 10 . Peabody, MA: Hendricksen, 2002. . 2. .
170.
12
Charles H. Dyer. Jeremiah // The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of Scriptures: 2 . / . John
F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck . Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 19831985. . 1. . 1163.

2010

. . . 11:51:
,
, [. 4:8] ,
[2 . 24:20].
,
: (. 11:5051). : . 4,
2 . 24,

: 13.
7)
( !) ,
, ,
, 14.

IV.

15

.
. ,
.

(. 30)

(.
31 . 10). ,
[ ] .



, ,
(. 28
30).

13

. 34:27 :
,

.
,
,

. 4:2 ,
,
; ,
,
.
. 12:32 , ,
;

. . . : , 1999. . 123.
John Snyder. .
15
Meredith G. Kline. The Structure of Biblical Authority. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1972.
14

2010

.
(
. 22:18-19.)
. 28:1529:29

(. 2830).

. 20:2-3 , ,
,
(. 115).
, ; 3

.


(. 35, 121).

.. 1:8
(. 50).
;
,
, .

,
,


.
.
,

,



(. 53).


,
.. 1:7-8
.
- ,
,
.
2 3:14
.
, (
) .
:

;
-
;
;
;
.

10

2010

,
(. 99101). ,
, ( ).

.
,
. :
. (. , . 95)
. , ,
, (. . 31:31:
, ,
; . . 8:8-13).
, ,
. , , ,
.

, ,
.

V.

1. :
a) :
400- . . .
b) : ,

.
c) :
(II . . .)16
(, , ).
Ouv ga,r ivsodunamei/ auvta. evn e`autoi/j `Ebrai?sti. lego,mena( kai. o[tan metacqh/| eivj
e`te,ran glw/ssan) Ouv mo,non de. tau/ta( avlla. kai. auvto.j o` no,moj( kai. profhtei/ai(
kai. ta. loipa. tw/n bibli,wn ouv mikra.n e;cei th.n diafora.n evn e`autoi/j lego,mena17.
(, , ,
-. , , ,
,
. . . .)

16

Richard Coggins. Sirach. Guides to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha / . Michael A. Knibb. Sheffield: Sheffield
Academic Press, 1998. . 1819.
17
. : The Septuagint with Apocrypha: Greek and English / . Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton.
Hendrickson Publishers, 1999. . 2. . 74.

11

2010

d) , .
, 24:44 : , ,
, ,
.
e) :
(35 39).
f) (37100 .):
.
,
[ ], ,
; <>
,
, ,
18.
g) : , 90 . . .,
.
h) II . . . ,
:
[] ,
,
. : ,
, , , ; , , ,
; , , ,
, , , ; : ,
, , , .
, 19.
i) (. 420 .): ,
, .
j) , 39 .
k) (1546 .): -
.
l) :
.
18

. (1.8 [3841]) // The New Complete Works of Josephus / . . William

Whiston. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 1999. . 939.
19
. . 4. 26 (13).

12

2010

2.
. .
a) : ( )
90 . . .
:
(. 400 . . .),
(. 200 . . .), 20.
,
.
,
( )21.
: -, ,
, .
-, ,
, . ,
.
,
22.
,
,
.
,
,
, 23.
.
, III .
. . .

(. IV .),
. ,
III . . .
24.
b) : , II . . . -
, ;
; ,
20

: R. Laird Harris. Was the Law and the Prophets Two Thirds of the Old Testament Canon? //
Bulletin of the Evangelical Theological Society. 9/4. 1966. . 163.
21
Albert Sundberg, Jr. The Old Testament of the Early Church ( . . 164).
22
/ . . . Postfach, Bielefeld: Christliche Literatur-Verbreitung, 1993. .
109.
23
E. Earle Ellis. The Old Testament in Early Christianity: Canon and Interpretation in the Light of Modern Research.
Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991. . 40. . : Barrick. The Problem of the OT. . . .
24
Harris. Was the Law and the Prophets Two Thirds of the Old Testament Canon? . 165166.

13

2010

25.
,
.
: ,
, ,

.

.
, :

(. 26:4-5).
c) : ,
, .
:
. ( ),
26. ,
,
27.

,
,
(, , )28.
,
, .
, () 1 2
(, ), 1-
(, ).
( ) (, ),
4- ( ).
() : 1 3 4
29.
II .
, 30.

14 ,

25

Archer. Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 78.

. . 81.
27
. . 81. . 8.
28
. . 81.
29
. . 8182.
30
. . 82.
26

14

2010

(35 39)
31.
,
, ,
.
,
32.
, ,
, ,
. ,
,

. :
33.

31

. . 83.
Harris. Was the Law and the Prophets Two Thirds of the Old Testament Canon? . 163164.
33
Archer. Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 85. . . .
32

15

2010

I.

a) : ?
,
.

49:26 : ,
(. . .), :
,
? LXX:
, .
:
 

  

.

,
:
.
, , 34:
( )
( ,
).

,
, NA 26.
, .

b) : ?
? ? ?
, .

, ,
12- : [. . ] , .  .
: (
(?)).
. ,
LXX :
o 35;

34

William W. Klein et al. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Dallas, TX: Word Pub., 1993. . 121.
. A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint / . Johan Lust, Erik Eynikel, Katrin Hauspie. Stuttgart,
Germany: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2003. . .

35

16

2010

o 
36.
( )
.
11- 12-,
, .
, ,
.
c) : ?
?
22:19:

: ,

: ,

NA 27: ,

d) : ? ?
,
?
II.

:
Urtext (. )
, ;
.
, ,
.

(, , . .).
Vorlage (. , ) ,
.
, (
).
,
, . ., , ,
- .

36

Klein et al., Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. . 121.

17

III.

2010

.

:
a.
( )37. , , -
.
b. , (-)38.
c. Urtext, 39.
,
.
d. ,
. . . 200 . . .40
e. , . 400 . . . (
).
f. , . 100 . . . (
)41.
g. ,
42.
, ,
. ,
,
, (-),
, , ,
,
, ,
43.

37

Brotzman. Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction. . 123.

: Bruce K. Waltke. Aims of OT Textual
Criticism // Westminster Theological Journal. 51/1. 1989. . 9496.
39
Idem. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament and its Relation to Exegesis and Theology // A Guide to Old Testament
Theology and Exegesis: The Introductory Articles for the New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and
Exegesis / . Willem A. VanGemeren. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999. . 48
40
Waltke. Aims of OT Textual Criticism. . 9698.
41
. . 98102.
42
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 288.
43
Waltke. Aims of OT Textual Criticism. . 107108.
38

18

2010

,
,
.
IV.

= , ()
= Quinta, , (
, [= ])
= , ()
= ,

= [ = ]
= [ = ( Aethiopic]
= [ C = Cairo]
= [ G = Graece]
= , vetus Latina [ L = Latina]
= [ M = Masoretic]
= [ Q = Qumran]
= [ S = Syriac]
= [ T = Targum . ( ?)]
= [ V = Vulgata]

= [ S = Samaritana]

= (asteriscus) ,
,

Hier =
K
= Kethiv, ( = ,
)
L
= B19A (, Biblia Hebraica
Stuttgartensia)
Mm = masorah magna (. . )
Mp = masorah parva (. . )
Ms = (. .: Mss =
)
Q
= Qere ( ,
)
Tiq soph = tiqqune sopherim ( ) 11 , ,
, ,
- (.
11:15; 12:12; 1 . 3:13; 1 12:16; . 2:11; . 8:17; . 1:12; .
2:12; . 1:13; . 106:20; . 7:20)
19

Vrs =

20

2010

2010

I.

a. :
i. ( )
ii. ()
-, ,
.

( )
,
44.
45:
- IV (. 3500 . . .);
- IIIII (. 3300 . . .);
- (. 2900 . . .);
- I (. 26502400 . . .);
- (. 26002500 . . .);
- (. 25752475 . . .);
- (. 25752400 . . .);
- (. 23702200 . . .).
b.
. , ()
,
: . .
, , ,
, , ,
.

44
G. R. Driver. Semitic Writing: From Pictograph to Alphabet. Newly rev. ed. / Ed. by S. A. Hopkins. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1976. . 2.
45
. . 7.

21

2010

,
46.
-
- ; 53
( ), . 3020 .
- : ,
,
- ,
-
- - (. 21701870 . . .)
c.
. , , ,
.
-
-
-
-
-
d.

, .
1) - (XIX . . .).
,
, :
- , (. ) .
- , (c. ) .
,
- .

46

. . 8.

22

2010

. ( -)
-.

. . 21:33: []
, [] .
2) (
14251350 . . . .)
23

2010

; 3
(a, e/i, u).
3) ,
.

, -,
.

2
2
2

2
[ ]

= ; ,

. (IX . . .).
, (.
).
4)
, () .
e.

II.

,
a. .
24

2010

b. (,
, ).
i. . 31:47
. 1 
 ,
.  
ii. . 10:11
2  3
,  . 1 
    

 . 1

iii.
: 2:47:28; 4:86:18; 7:12-26.
:
, , ( !)
, (. vii, 2).
III.

a.
i.
. 27:2-3 , ,
, ;
3 , ,
, , ,
, .
. . 8:32 ,
.
. 19:23-24 , !
24 ,
!
. 17:1 ,
.
ii.
. 36:18, 23 :
, . <> 23
,
,
, . ,
, , 47.

47

. . . 82.

25

2010

2 . 1:12 ,

iii. ()
2 . 4:13 , ,
, , .
b.
i. .
ii.

18 2
22 ( )
,
.
,
,
48.
, ,
49.
iii. .
iv. : ( ).
IV.

1.
2.
3.
a. (-, , , ,
)
b.
c.
d.
e.

48

Elmer B. Smick. A Lesson in Textual Criticism as Learned from a Comparison of Akkadian and Hebrew Textual
Variants // Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 10/2. 1967. . 133.
49
. .

26

2010

: (1)
, (2) , (3)
(4) .

I.

1. () ( HUBP) 925 .; ,
(. 1:1. 28:26) ( .
3:12) .
, , .
,
( )50.
, , , .
2. (L) ( BHS) 1008/09 .;
. ,
, .
3. 4445 () 925 .; .
, L.
4. (C3) .
5. (C) .
6. 507 (S) X .; .
7. 1053 (S1) X .; .
8. () 916 .; .
( ) .

II.

1.
1524/25 .
XX .
(),
(, , .), ,
.
2.
(1776, 1780), (1784, 1798)
(19081926).
(III . . .II . . .)

III.

.
:

IV.
50

Ernst Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblica Hebraica. 2- . / . .
Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995. . 36.

27

2010

1. (?) (VIIVI . . .;
. 6:24-26, ).
2. (III . . .; . 20 . 5;
. 6:4-5).
3. (, ) (
).

28

2010

~ 6000 ,
:
(plene) . 19 ,
, (., . 11:30). 20:17
.
MS 6461, 1339 . ( 6970, 20 .)51.

51

: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/sacredtexts/samarpent.html (: 18.02.2010).

29

2010

I.

, Vorlage
. , , , ,
, .

. ,
:
a. ( , ,
);
b. ;
c. ;
d. ( ,
, )52.

:
1. : ,
. :
, , . .
.
2. : .
, ,
?
3. : ,
( ) .
4. :
() ?
5. / :

?

II.

a. 53. , ,
72 ( 6 )

52

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 124128.

30

2010

( ) II
(285247 . . .). 72 .
.
: 72
,
, , ,
.
, .
, ,
. ,
,
.
b. . III . . . -,
II . . .54
,
, 55.
c. . .
. ,
.
56.

.
i. ,
.
. 24:28
: ,  . 
  
LXX:
ii.
.
, , ,
:
r`h/ma (. 4:15)
lo,goj (. 20:1)
pra/gma (. 1:18)
53

: Ernst Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica. 2- . / . .
Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995. . 5152.
54
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 136137.
55
Karen H. Jobes Moises Silva. Invitation to the Septuagint. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000. . 30.
56
: Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 6870.

31

2010

sunta,ssein (. 12:35)
avntilogi,a (. 18:16)
kri,ma (. 18:22)
kri,sij (. 24:14)
o`rismo,j (. 8:8)
i`kano,j (. 4:10)
kaqh/kon (. 5:13)
to, (th/j h`me,raj) (. 16:4)
tou/to (. 18:11)
tau/ta (. 29:1)
ouvdei,j (. 5:11; ).
iii. .
, Ziegler ,
,
,
; ,
, . ,
,
, , 57.
-, 90 (. 91)
( , )
().
. 90:3 (. 91:3) MT: 
1 .

LXX: .
. . 90:6 (. 91:6): :;
, = 
LXX: .
iv. .
, ku,rioj
. , , ; ,
ku,rioj, ().
.
, .. 4:24
.
:  
LXX:

57

. . 68. . 70.

32

2010

2 . 22:3
:
.
1;

LXX:
v. , -
.
. 3:18

2 3

.




LXX




( ?)

,
, , (.
: . 3:19-24).
vi. ,
.
, , 23:18.
: 1
. 1   ,  . 1 

LXX: ,
, ,
.
vii. . ,
53 . ,
.

58.
. 53:11
: ,
 . 2 1 , ,

58
. : David A. Sapp. The LXX, 1QIsa, and MT Versions of Isaiah 53 and the Christian
Doctrine of Atonement // Jesus and the Suffering Servant: Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins / . William H.
Bellinger, Jr. William R. Farmer. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998. . 170192.

33

2010

LXX:
,
. 53:4
: 
.;
1 2
, .
LXX: , ,
.
d.
i. , ; (III . . .)
1. 458
2.
, 967,
III . . .
, 16:5717:1:

34

2010

3. 4QLXXLeva
ii. (IV . . . ).
1. B (325350 . ..)
, 1-
17:4418:22:

35

2010

2. (375400 . . .)
,
.
134- ,
:

36

2010

3. (V . . .)

,
. ,
. ,
59 (
):

59

Jobes Silva. Invitation to the Septuagint. . 59.

37

2010

iii. , (IX
XVI .).

III.

60
a. - 8HevXIIgr, 6- , (5-
), LXX.
,
kai,ge.
b. -. . 125 . . .
. ,
,
,
sun ().

60

: Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 143148.

38

2010

, ,
,
( )
.
c. III . . . -.
, .
d. - (I . . .) (III . . .)

61.
e. III . . .

, ,
.
, Hexapla ().
, ,
, (), ,
, ,

(). ,
, ,
(O)62.
:

.
.

II

III

IV

V
Quinta

VI
Sexta

, , .
, 50 ,
. ,
( ,
- )63.
, ,
. ,
61

Ellis R. Brotzman. Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994.
. 80.
62
Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 58.
63
. . 59.

39

2010

O, . 616617 .
. .
64.

VI.

,
, ,
65.
II . . .
()66.
, 67. -,
, ,

. ; ,
, 68.
,
.

. ,
. ,
, .
,

69.
: .
:

64

3 70:
1) I (~III . . .;

)
2) I
(-)
3) II

.
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 149.
66
D. F. Payne. Targums // New Bible Dictionary. 3- . / . J. D. Douglas, N. Hillyer, D. R. W. Wood .
Leicester, England: Intervarsity Press, 1996. . 1152.
67
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 149.
68
Bible Versions and Translations // Nelsons New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. . . / . Ronald F.
Youngblood et alt. Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1995.
69
Payne. Targums. . 1152.
70
. . 1153.
65

40

2010

()

,


(4QtgJob;
11QtgJob), -, ,
(5 : , , ,
, ), 71.
2 : Targum
rishon Targum sheni72.
20 73.

(,
)74.
:
(, );
( );
;
,

;
5) ;
6) ( ):
a. ,
b. ,
c. ( ),
d. - (
I ;

).
1)
2)
3)
4)

. 23:1
: 
 B 1 , .
:
, . ,

71

.
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 151.
73
- . . -, 2006.
74
.
72

41

2010

-
.

VII.

. 75:7
: 1 B ,
 =
 D
: ,
.
:

; , , , .
,
. ,
.

() .
 (peia)
, ( : peshitto
peshito)75.
,
I . . ., II .76
, , ,
; ,
IX ., 77.

78.
, 79.
( , Add. 14425),
464 . ..
13:8-17.
80.

75

IX . . .;
(Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. . . . Chicago:
Moody Press, 1986. . 512).
76
Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 86.
77
. . 87.
78
.
79
Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 152.
80
Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 86.

42

2010

,
.

, ,
43

2010

(, ).

, 81. ,
:  (selah).
,
, ,

 (marya), ( ,

). , , ,
  (yehova).
  (ywn)
 


,
, 39
, .
.

. 7

. 8

82

  
3 
.
 2
 

. , 

G
 1

 

  !    





 # : " 
  $%#  

$ #
! : ) 

  (' &'
 : "
.,' * +

  H I

1  
 

1 ,  .
G 
1 . 


 "  #
!

"
$%/
   .
.
12 
" 0 
 :  
 #3
&  ,'
: 
 4
 " #+7 (6
5
8 9#
 
.0 2/
3

1)
 ( -);
('
2)
" ( );

3)
(
-).

1)
I ( )
 (

"

.
);
2)
1 12  ;

. ,' (
);
4) , 

#
3 ,

3)

;
81

Paul D. Wegner. The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible. Grand Rapids,
MI: Baker Academic, 1999. . 245.
(. Hiebert, R.J.V. The Syrohexaplaric Psalter. Septuagint and Cognate Studies 27. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press,
1989). , .
.: Joosten, J. Greek and Latin Words in the Peshitta
Pentateuch: First Soundings // Symposium Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African
Languages, 1114 August 1996. Orientalia Christiana Analecta. 256 // . R. Lavenant. Roma: Pontificio
Istituto Orientale, 1998. . 3747; Idem. Greek Words Shared by the Peshitta and Targums to the Pentateuch // Biblical
Hebrews, Biblical Texts: Essays in Memory of Michael P. Weitzman / . A. Rapoport-Albert and G. Greenberg.
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series. 333. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001. .
165177; Lund, J.A. Grecisms in the Peshitta Psalms // The Peshitta as a Translation: Papers Read at the II Peshitta
Symposium Held at Leiden, 1921 August 1993 / . P.B. Dirksen and A. van der Kooij. Monographs of the
Peshitta Institute Leiden. 8. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995. . 85102.
82
: Takamitsu Muraoka. Classical Syriac for Hebraists. Wiesbaden: Otto
Harrassowitz, 1987. . 7173. . . .

44

2010

5)
1
 (
8 9#
:);

. 9

J  L M
  :D   N
:
.
1

: M ,

 D L 
.

G;


 ;
 : +
,& !
% 

" 
< ; 4


;
!
!
: ?2 ,& *=>
" :

!
!
;
$%#
+ ,A@ " #
"< #

!
& A#

 ;  . 0%#
!; #
24'
;


!

;
:
@  B+
7

!
.
 "/"
>#
!

6) 
 .
0 2/
3
; "
1) 

, M;

2) 
+;
3) weqatal .

!

>#
! (

weqatal).

,
. ,
, .
( )
,
. ,
:
83.

VIII.
84
85. -,
,
. , ,

, 86.
, I
(Psalterium Romanum),
(Psalterium Gallicanum). ,
,
(Hebraica Veritas)87.
. ( ).
83

Bible Versions and Translations // Nelsons New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. . . / . Ronald F.
Youngblood et alt. Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1995.
84
. . 139.
85
Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 91.
86
. . 9192.
87
Bruce K. Waltke. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament and its Relation to Exegesis and Theology // A Guide to Old
Testament Theology and Exegesis: The Introductory Articles for the New International Dictionary of Old Testament
Theology and Exegesis / . Willem A. VanGemeren. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999. . 57.

45

2010

, ,
. ,
88.

IX.

( 882942)
, ,
89. , ,
, XIII .90
, .
. BHS
, 91.

.
92.

88

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 153.

. . 154.
90
Wrthwein. The Text of the Old Testament. . 104.
91
.
92
.
89

46

2010

I.

1947 .
, ( 15 ,
93). , .
,
.
, , ,
, , 94,

.
95.
, ,

. . ,
2/3 , . ,
, , ,
, ,
24 ( 100 )96. ,
,
, 250 000 97.
.
,
, ( ,
).

II.

98,
99.

93

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 101.

James C. VanderKam. The Dead Sea Scrolls Today. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994. . 3.
95
.
96
. . 4.
97
. . 8.
98
Jodi Magness. The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2002. . 4043;
Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. Toward and Exegetical Theology: Biblical Exegesis for Preaching and Teaching. Grand Rapids,
MI: Baker Books, 2005. . 55; Frederick J. Murphy. Early Judaism: The Exile to the Time of Jesus. Peabody, MA:
Hendrickson Publishers, 2002. . 173.
99
Michael O. Wise, Martin G. Abegg Jr. Edward M. Cook. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation. New York,
NY: Harper San-Francisco, 2005. . 3334.
94

47

III.

2010

1947 1956 .
200 100.
- .
, (
, ,
)101.
, ,
102. ( )
III . . .103


. 1991 .
.

IV.

1. (plene))104
(
,

, )105.
(
)
(1QIsa-a), . 52:13-14:

, .
:
,  : .
, matres
lectionis, .
1QIsa-a
:

100

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 103.

.
102
. . 102.
103
. . 106.
104
. . 108.
105
. . 110.
101

48

2010

,
,
,

2. ( ,
)106.
, (:
,
)
107.
1QIsa-a, .
40:7-8:

106

. . 111.
, , - ( ).
, .

107

49

. 7
. 8

G . 1 ,,  .
1 2
G
 11 .;


2010

  D
,  . 1

7-
7 8- (),

7- 8- .

,

.
3. ( ) .
4. (, , )

, (
) 108.
11QPs-a, .
136:26; . 118:1, 1516; 8-9,
9, 29; 145:1-7
145:1 ( ,
,
,
, ;
, ). ,
()
) :
hwhy,
(
).

108

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 111.

50

2010

1QIsa-b ( )
B19a :












(/)

107
24
16
14
13
11
10
9
6
6
5
5
4
4

,
, ,
.
V.

109
1. - (-) 35%
2. , 20% (
)
3. () 5% ( ;
, -,
)
4. , 5%
5. , 35% (
)

VI.

.
XX . ,
,

. , 1955 .,
, : ,

,
,

109

Tov. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. . 114117.

51

2010

. ,
,
. .
,
, []
110.


. ,
1990- ,
2000-.
VII.

:

1
1
4
11
8

Q
Q
Q
Q
Hev
Mur
Mas

Is
pHb
XII
Pss
XII
XII
Ps

-A
gr
b

1QIsa
1QpHb
4QXII-A
11QPss
8HevXIIgr
MurXII
MasPsb

1QIsa
1QpHb

= , 1
= (pesher) (Habbakuk)
1
4QXII-A
= , 4
11QPss
= , 11
8HevXIIgr = ,
, 8
MurXII
= , -
b
MasPs
= ,

110

Everett F. Harrison. The Importance of the Septuagint for Biblical Studies Part I // Bibliotheca Sacra. 112/448.
1955. . 352.

52

2010

I.

(
) .

37:1:

. 37:1

LXX: 111
: w`j h;kousen112
: 113

37:1

1QIsa-a: 114
(mss 62, 147)
mss 36 ( )
456: evzekiaj o` basileu,j115

:
A
CD>116

(~ )117
mss LXX: 118
:
119

37:1

1QIsa-a:
: Ezechias
LXX:
:
 D >
:
C
:  .

111

Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Editum. . 14: Isaias /
. Joseph Ziegler. Gttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983. . 255. Gt.
112
.
113
Targum Jonathan to the Prophets: The Jewish Literary Aramaic Version from the Files of the Comprehensive
Aramaic Lexicon Project (CAL) / . Stephen A. Kaufman. Cincinnati, OH: Hebrew Union College, 2005. .
37:1.
114
The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa): A New Edition / . Donald W. Parry and Elisha Qimron. Leiden, The
Netherlands: Brill, 1999. . 60.
115
Gt. . 255.
116
Biblia Sacra Polyglotta / . Brianus Waltonus. London: Thomas Roycroft, 1657. . 3. . 94.
117
The Hebrew University Bible: The Book of Isaiah / . Moshe H. Goshen-Gottstein. Jerusalem: The Magnes
Press, The Hebrew University, 1995. . . HUBP.
118
Gt. . 255.
119
Targum Jonathan to the Prophets. . 37:1.

53

II.

2010

.
1. ,
, .
a. ? (, ,
, .)
2. :
? ?
a. ? ?
(. . . . 226274).
b. ?
c. ?

37:1 LXX: PRO: LXX
= ?

CON:
,


PRO: 1QIsa-a,
37:1 , . .
(mss 62,

147)
mss 36 ( ) 456,
,

37:1

, . .

CON: ,

, mss
LXX ( I Luc),

PRO: 1QIsa-a, ,
,
CON: ,

.

54

.
avkou/sai

w`j.
1)


.
2) , 1QIsa-a
,
() ?

1)

(. : Ezechias
LXX: ).
2) 1QIsa-a

(
. 1, . 2

,

2010

.
3) 1QIsa-a

(?).

- (. 37:3
).
III.

IV.

,
.

55

2010

:
, ,
? , .
,
120:
1. .
2.
.
3. ,
.
, ,
,
?
4. , . BHS
.
, 90% .
5. 10% ,
. .
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
6. , ,
. ,
, .
7. ,
.
.
8. ,
. ,
.

120
: Waltke. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament and its Relation to Exegesis and
Theology // A Guide to Old Testament Theology and Exegesis: The Introductory Articles from the NIDOTTE. . 62
63.

56

2010

9. ,
.
10. .
: , ,
, , ,
(2 . 3:16-17).
, .

57

2010

:
I.

: , ,
.
:
a) :
. ( ,
- ).
.
: ,
. ,
, , , ,
.
b) :
.
.
. , -
, ,
(
). ,
, ,
.
, -
,
. ,
,
.
, 121.
,

.
,
, , , ,
,
.
, ,
. ,

121
, (
, , . 10:29),
, .

58

2010

,
,
,
.
, ,
, vaticinia ex eventis ( ).
: ,
.
II.

.

, .
.
,
,
,
122.

III.

(
- )
. , 90%
. , ,
:

IV.

. . : ; .
.: , 2003. . 5566.
. . . . .:
, 2000. . 3580.
. :
. .: , 2009. . 2028.
/ . . .: , 2008. . 98247.

a. , XIX ., :
, , XVIXVII .
123. ,
, .
,

122

Soulen & Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. Westminster John Knox, 2001. . 18. . . .
William G. T. Shedd. Theological Essays & Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy. Minneapolis, MN: Klock & Klock
Publishers, Inc., 1981; . 1877 1893 . . 130131.

123

59

2010

,
: , !
b.
. : ,
! ,
( , )
. , ,
124.
,
,
.
c. ,
, : ,
125.
d. ,
( )
. :
, ,
. ,

.
, ,
:
, , .
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
, , ,
. , , ,
currente calamo126, invita Minerva127.
,
. . ,
,
, .
, , ,
, .
. , , ,
; ,
124

C. S. Lewis. Christian Reflections. Eerdmans, 1967. . 154. . : Mark F. Rooker. Leviticus. New American
Commentary. Broadman & Holman, 2000. . 32.
125
Rooker. Leviticus. . 32.
126
. , .
127
. [ ], , .

60

2010

. , ,
.
, .
,
, .
, , ,
. ,
,
, ,
, .
, ,
. ,

. ,
.
,
, . ,
- . , .
, ,
. , ,
128.
e. :
129.
V.

1. ,
(. 1 . 1:19-20; 2 . 2:17-18).
.
2. .
,
130.
a. , ( ?)
.
b. , ,
.
c. , ,
.

128

Lewis. Christian Reflections. . 159160.

. // :
/ . . : , 2007.
. 66.
130
: R. K. Harrison. Introduction to the Old Testament. Peabody, MA :
Hendrickson, 2004. . 35.
129

61

2010

d. ( ) ,
.
e.
.
f. , , 145 180 . . .,
,
. ,
, .
g.
.
, . 138 .
.
, .
,
.
h. -
.
i. ,
.
j. - , -,
, ,

.
3. ,
,
(. 180 .).
(
. 249 .).
4. III .
.
, ,
. ,
- IV
(175163 . . .)131. ,
,
, .
5.
(. 400 .). ,
132.
, ,
.
131
132

. . 56.
. . 6.

62

2010

6. VII . , ,
.
133.
7. IX . , ,
-,
134.
8. XXI .
. -
. 994 . ,
135. - ,
. , (. 1000 .) ,
, .
- (10921167),
,
, 136.
- ,
VIII . . .
9.
(14801541),
137. , , ,
,
.
10. XVII . (15831645)
.
, ,
.
138.
11.
-
(15881679). ,

, ,
, 139.
140.
133

. . 7.
.
135
.
136
.
137
. . 8.
138
. . 9.
139
. . 910.
140
. . 10.
134

63

2010

12. XVII . () (1632

1677). 1670 . -
141.

,
, ,
142. ,
,
, - -.
, , 143:
a. 1:1 : ,

,
. ,
,
.
: ,
, , , .

(1) . ,
40 -,

141

.
. . . 43.
143
: . . 4351.
142

64

2010

.
,
.
(2) , :
. ,
, ,
, .
b. (. 27:3
.. 8:31-32),
.
: .
27:2-5 :
; 3
,
, , ,
; 5
, , .
-, ,
, .
.
,
. , ,
, ,
.
-,
. ,
, ,
, .
c. 31:9 , ;
.
: .
, 144.
(. . 19:7
, ,
),
(. . 18:11
).

: , ,
(. 1:1); ,
144

Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 89. . 1.

65

2010

(. 1:1-2);
, (. 1:1);
, (. 1:1) . .

,
,
,
.
.

,
:
, ,
. 2 3
. 4 , ,
(. 1:1-4).
d. 12:6 ,
. .
, ,
, .
: ,
,
, .
, ,
.
, , , ,
.
, ,
(. . 14).
, ,
, .
, .
: .
-
,
.
e. 22:14 ;
,
, . . .
: ().
,
. ,
.
66

2010

f. 3:11 , ,
. , , , ,
: , ,
. ,
.
: . ,
.

(. 1:4), .
: , , ,
?.. ,
.
- :
g. .
: . 145.
h. ,
: (. 12:3),
(. 31:14),
(. 33:1),
(. 34:7-8),
, (. 34:10).
: (1)
,

. .
. ,
, ,
.
(2) ,
.
.
(3) 34-
, .

145

, , .
(Eissfeldt. The Old Testament, An Introduction. 1965. . 169): ,
, - J1 J2 (. : Archer.
A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 89. . 1).

67

2010

i. ,
(.,
. 14:14).
:
II
--146.
j.
(.,
. 16:35; . 36:31 ,
, ).
:
(. . 49).
. . .
17:14-15: , , ,
, , , :
, ,
, , ,
; ;
, .
13. (Jean Astruc, 16841766) ,
,
. ,
(- ).

147.
14. (17521827)
( J ).
15. (17801849)
(1805) .
,
, ( )
148.
.
( ) D,
J . ( ,
, ,
.)
146

Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 228.

Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 90.
( , . 9197).
148
Harrison. Introduction to the Old Testament. . 15.
147

68

2010

, ,
(),
.
16. (18031875)

. ,
,
). ,

, .
17. 1822 .
, .
(X .)
(630620 .).
18. (18131890) ,
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
.
(1802
1869),
,
.
19. (17961866) E :
E1 ( , )
E2 ( ).
: PEJD.

.
20. (18151869) :
, D,
,
( ). , ,
: PEJDP ( ).
( ,
), ,
( )
69

2010

.

.
: , ,
.
, .
,
. (
), ,
, , ,
,

149.
21. (18281891) .
22.
(18441918).
,
.
: JEDP (
).
,
.
,
,
:
. ,
, , ,
, .
,
. , ,
, ;
, , ,
, , , .
, 1867 . ,
, , ,
, ;
,
150.

.
149

. . . 72.
Julius Wellhausen [18441918]. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel / . . J. Sutherland Black.
Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1973. . 34.
150

70

2010

23.
(18461894) . (18461914),
(18401876), (1841
1913) . . XX .
.

, ,
( ). (. .)
24. (18621932), JEDP
, ,
. ,
(Sitz im Leben .
). ,
, (., ,
) - (., ).

151.

151

. . . . 73.

71

2010

,
: (1) ; (2)
J, E, P ; (3) J
; (4) J; (5) D
(621 . . .). XX . ,
152. ,
,
,
.

,

( . ).
I.

,
:
(= )
(= ) - (= ).
,
XVIII :
. <>
123 :
1:12:4 ;
2:43:24 ( 3:1-5
,
); ;
5:1 ; 5:29 ;
69 ;
1116
; 17 17:1
, ; 1819
, , ,
; 20 -; 2122
- ( 22:11, 15 );
.

152

Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 100112.

72

2010

: 6:2 .,
<>
,
, .
<>
,
153.
:
(1) . ,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
(2) ,
, , .
,
, .
(3) ,

, .
(4)
. , , , ,
, ,
.
(5) ,
(= ) ,

.
:
, : . ,
!
? ,
, ,
.
.
: ,
,
.
II.

153
/ . . .: , 2008. . 101102. . . .
. , ,
, , .

73

2010

, ,
: (1) (. 1:12:4 2:43:24); (2)
(. 12:10-20; 20:1-18; 26:1-11); (3)
(. 28:10-22 35:9-15)154.
: . ,
,
. (1:12:3)
, (2:44:26)
, .

. ,
: ,
;
; ; ;
; .
.
,
, .
, (. 12).
(. 20). ,
, 25 (
65 , 90). ,
25 ,
. , ,
,
(. 20:13). , ,
, . , , ,
.
!
,
. , 26- ,
.
, , .
,
. (. 28)
. ,
. 35- -
,
.
III.

154

. . 102105.

74

2010

.
,
:
a) : 6:5 ; 6:11 .
;
b) : 7:2 ; 6:19 .
;
c) : 7:4, 12 ; 7:6; 8:13 = 7:11;
8:14 ;
d) : 7:6; 8:2 . , ; 7:11; 8:1
. ;
e) : 8:6-12 ; 8:15-17
155.
: , ?
,
(, , )?
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,

.
, ,
.
6- 7-
: ,
; ,
.
8:20 , ,
:
.
:
, ,
( ).
.
,
, : 7:11-12
: , ;
. ,
: (1) , (2)
, .
:
, . ,
155

. . 106.

75

2010

, ,
.
,
.
,
. , , ,
!
IV.

:
1. ,
( ). 2.
( 20:13-17; 5:17-21) , ,
, ,
, ( ,
5:21). 20:13-17 :
; 5 :
,
; ,
.
; ( 5
!); , ,
, . .156
: ,
: ,
, ,
, .
,
.
,

. ,
, ,
, 157.
.
,
, ,
.

, (!) .

156
157

. . 108.
. . . 107.

76

2010

, ,
.
, .
V.

:
1) (. 20:2223:33);
2) (. 1726)
3) (. 1226).
,
, 158. , ,
, , ,
.
:
. ,
, ,
.

VI.

,
,
.
:
(1) ( 1250)
, .
-;
, ,
.
, ,
;
159.
:
, . , ,
-.
( - !) (. 1),
(. 68), ,
(. 11),
(. 15:13-16), (. 19)
(. 35:2-4).

158
159

. . 110.
. . 111112.

77

2010

,
, .
, ,
: , , ,
(. 34:6).
: , []
(. 10:19).
, ,
!
:
(2) ,
, .
, ,
. , ,

. , , ,
; , ,

160.
: ( )
,
, - ,
,
. ,
, ,
( , , . 49:10; . 17:14-20; 28:36).
, ,
.
.
,

(. 19:5-6).
, , ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
. - ,
,

160

. . 112.

78

2010

,
.
VII.

, , :

:
1) ,
- ;

.
2) ,
;
.
3)
.
, ,
.
.
/
. 161.
: (1) ,
, , - .
,
,
, . ,
, , ,
!
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
,
, .
,
.
-
, , ,
, XVIII XIX . XX .
, ,
.

161

. . 113.

79

2010

,
.
.
/ . ,
,
.
(2)
. , ,
- , . ,
.
, , ,
.
.
,
,
.
(. . 1:8 .).

,
162:

162

1.

:
.

, .
,
.

2.

,
, ,
. ,
:
, .
,
-.

3.

,
, !

( ).

: Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 113116.

80

2010

4.

(), .

.

5.

, , , , , .
,
,

.

6.

- (
) , ,
, . ,
,
.

7.

( ,
: .
),
, .

8.

,
.
, -
.

9.

, , 3400
,
, ,
( ) 600
1000 .

.
:
. . ,
, . .
, , 163.

163

http://yakov-krotov.livejournal.com/175480.html.

81

2010

164:

1. - , -. 2. ,
, . 3. -, . 4. -, . 5.
, , . 6. , ,
: 7. , , , . 8. ,
, .
,
.
( )
, , (),
.
, 3 , 4 .
, ,
( , ),
. ,
, , .
7 .
(. ) ,
. , ,
.
,
. , ,
,
.
.
, .

., , 6 .
, , . ,
.
, . ,
: , , .
, , .
,
, .
<>

. , ,
, , -,
, XVIII . (.
, ).
, .
164

82

2010

. 1.

83

;
:

2010

165:
I.

a.
1) . 17:14: :
,
.
2) . 24:4: ; 24:7:

3) . 34:27: : ,
.
4) . 33:1-2: ,
,
5) . 31:9: ,
.
,
(Prolegomena). ,
, .
b.
1) .. 1:7-8: ,
, ;
, ,

2) .. 8:31: ,
; 8:32: []
, ; 8:34:
[] , ,

3) 3 . 2:3 ( ): ,
,
,
4) 4 . 14:6: ,
, , :
,
,

165

: Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 117126.

84

2010

. , (. 796
. . .), . 24:16.
5) 4 . 21:8: ,
,
, , ,

c.
1) . 19:8: :
, (,
. 24:1-4).
2) . 5:46-47: , ,
. ,
?
3) . 7:19: ?
. ?
;
.
4) . 12:26: , ,
, : , ,
? ( . 3:6).
5) . 3:22: :
, , ,
( . 18:15).
6) . 10:5: :
( . 18:5).
, ,
, ( ) .
:
(a) ;
(b) ,
,
(. .
);
(c) ,
(
);
(d) ,
, , (
), .
,
,
85

2010

,
.
II.

a. ,
( . 15:27;
. 11:7-8).
b. ,
. ,
,
. , (Abraham
S. Yahuda. Language of the Pentateuch in its Relationship to Egyptian) ,

.
. 41:45 N   J   M
: - ,
df; nt; p; nh [. . ]166.
. 41:45 . 1
(wnw); : .
. 41:40 ,    .

.,
(.:
). ,
sn ()
167. , ,
.

(. .
).
c. , :
1) (. . 9:31-32);
2) ;
;
3) ,
(
).
d. .
,
.

166
167

Archer. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. . 119.

. . 120.

86

2010

e. ,
. .
(
XV . . .), ,
( ), ( ),

( . 31).
f. . , 3 . . .
, ;
(1 . 17:15; . 30:31; . 31:11).
. .
. .
( , -,
) ,

.
g. .

.
III.

a. .
,
. :

, [], ,
,
168.
, , ,
169.
b. , .
c.
; (
).
d. .

IV.

168
169

Nahum M. Sarna. Exploring Exodus: The Heritage of Biblical Israel. New York: Schocken Books, 1986. . 33.
Harrison. Introduction to the Old Testament. . 575.

87

2010

,
,

. ,
:
a. ;
b. () ( ,
, , .);
c. 3- . .
:

. ,
.

, .
, , .
,
. ,
, .
,
(
).

. ,
.
, - . , ,
, ,
.
170.

170

John MacArthur. Foreword // The Jesus Crisis: The Inroads of Historical Criticism into Evangelical Scholarship /
. Robert L. Thomas F. David Farnell. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 1998. . 9.

88

2010

,
. ,
, ,
.
171.
I.

(. + ) .
, .
, ,
, .
,
. ,
.

II.

172
a. (Bouchard), ,
(17981799).
() ,
(
). ,
.
b. (1812).
c. (1822).
d. . ,
. 8 ,
, - .
, 1 , 14
, . 22
-. .
. 39
. ,
. . 1868 .
46 ,
. ,
( ,
;

171
172

Alfred J. Hoerth. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2004. . 21.
: Frederick W. Danker. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003. . 224232.

89

e.
f.
g.
h.

i.

j.
k.
III.

2010

).
, , ,
, , .
(Sayce) 1880 .
.
. (Hrozny) 24 1915 . .
(Breasted)
.
(18531942)
. ()
()
( -
1890 .).
1838 1851 .
, .
(
).
(Albright; 18911971)

.
. (19061978)
(19521958).

173
a.

: ,
,
: ,
: , , , ,
:
: ( )

b. .
.

(. 15:20; 25:9 .)
, ,
(2 . 7:6; 2 . 1:17).
, ,
,
, ,
, .

173

: Mark Borisuk. . , 2003.

90

2010

1876 .
. (),
, .
, ,
, ,
,
17501200 . . .
II .

II (. 20:1)
(20:1) , ,
, VIII . . .
. , , ,
. XIX
.
,
, , 22
. 1843 1845 .
,
,
,
174.

(. 5:12, 22)

. , .
()
.
: ,
175

1850 ., .
1854 .
, ,
( 60 ). ,
,
. ,
, ,
176.

174

Millard. Treasures from Bible Times. . 1819.

Josephus. Josephus with an English Translation. . 10. . 231233 .
176
Millard. Treasures from Bible Times. . 139140.
175

91

IV.

2010

177
,
? , .
.
a)

(1/10 )
.
.

b) (6/10 )

. 30% .
c)

(1/50 )
(12%) .
,
.

d) (1/10 )
,
.
, 1928 .
30 . , 1/400
( 200 ).
800 .
e)

(1/2 )
-
,
.

,
1880-, 1954 .
25 000 , ,
2 800.
500 000 ,
10%.

177

Edwin Yamauchi. The Stones and the Scriptures: An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker,
1972. . 146157.

92

2010

, -,
.
,

, ,
178.
, , , 6/100 000
.
!

178

Lapp. Biblical Archaeology and History. . 84. . : Yamauchi. The Stones and the Scriptures. . 153154.

93

2010

:
I.

() ,
. .
.
, :
1.

2.

3.

: , , 179.

4.

: , , , , ,
. ,
, ,
.

( ). , 5%
, 20% -
, , 180.
II.

,
.

III.

: ( ), ( )
( )?
:
:
,

179

John D. Currid. Doing Archaeology in the Land of the Bible: A Basic Guide. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1999. . 38
39.
180
Dennis Swanson. . .
2007.

94

1.

2010

181
a.
b.
.
c.
.
d. .

2.

.
182.
, , .

183.
, -
. .
22- ,
184.
,
: ,
185. ,
,
.
,
186.
:
a.
,
. , , ,
. 187.
.
( ) 1900 .
,
.
:

181

Currid. Doing Archaeology in the Land of the Bible. . 4951.

. . 70.
183
. . , , : .
Korntal, West Germany : , 1991. . 47.
184
. . 58.
185
. . 47.
186
.
187
. . 70.
182

95

2010

( ),
,
(, ; ,
),
( , ,
),
(, , , ),
,
(, ),
( , ),
,
,
. .

, ,
50100 . ,
,
/ .
.
.
, ,
. .
b. , .
: ,
. .
c. , , , ,
.
d.
:
, ( ,
- ), (,
), , .
3.

.
,
. ,
.

96

IV.

2010

(
!)

.
.
:
1.
, , ?
2. , , ,
. , - ,
, - (, ~1030%). ,
(
) .
3. , ,
. ,
.
, . .
,
.
4.
. .
, .

97

2010

, .
, 1819 .
. (Charles J. Thomsen), ,
. ,
, , 188.
, ,
- (., ,
. .).

I
II
I
II

I
IIIII

I
IIa
IIb

I
IIa-b

Ia
Ib
IIa
IIb
IIc
III (
)

I
II ()



188

85004300
85007500
75006000
60005000
50004300
43003300
33002300
33003050
30502300
23001550
23002000
20001800/1750
1800/17501550
15501200
15501400
14001200
1200332
12001150
11501000
1000925
925720
720586
586332
33237
332152
15237
37 . . .324 . .
37 . . .70 . .
70 . .180 . .

Dr. Dennis Swanson. Physical Geography of Israel Syllabus. TMS, 2007.

98

180 . .324 . .
324638
6381099
10991291
12911516
15161917
19171948
1948

99

2010

2010

A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint / . Johan Lust, Erik Eynikel, Katrin Hauspie.
Stuttgart, Germany: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2003.
Abbott-Smith, G. Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999.
Archer, Gleason. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press, 1994.
Barrick, William. Old Testament Textual Criticism Syllabus. TMS, 2006.
Barrick, William. The Problem of the OT. Unpublished paper. TMS, 2007.
Biblia Sacra Polyglotta / . Brianus Waltonus. London: Thomas Roycroft, 1657.
Block, Daniel Isaac. The New American Commentary. . 6: Judges, Ruth / . E. Ray
Clendenen . Nashville: Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1999.
Brotzman, Ellis R. Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI:
Baker Books, 1994.
Coggins, Richard Sirach. Guides to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha / . Michael A. Knibb.
Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.
Currid, John D. Doing Archaeology in the Land of the Bible: A Basic Guide. Grand Rapids, MI:
Baker, 1999.
Danker, Frederick W. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study. . . . Minneapolis, MN:
Fortress Press, 2003.
Driver, G. R. Semitic Writing: From Pictograph to Alphabet. Newly rev. ed. / Ed. by S. A. Hopkins.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Dyer, Charles H. Jeremiah // The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of Scriptures: 2 .
/ . John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck . Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 19831985.
Elmer B. Smick. A Lesson in Textual Criticism as Learned from a Comparison of Akkadian and
Hebrew Textual Variants // Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 10/2.
1967. . 127133.
Geisler, Norman L., William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. . . .
Chicago: Moody Press, 1986.
Harris, R. Laird. Was the Law and the Prophets Two Thirds of the Old Testament Canon? // Bulletin
of the Evangelical Theological Society. 9/4. 1966.

100

2010

Harrison, Everett F. The Importance of the Septuagint for Biblical Studies Part I // Bibliotheca
Sacra. 112/448. 1955.
Harrison, R. K. Introduction to the Old Testament: Including a Comprehensive Review of Old
Testament Studies and a Special Supplement on the Apocrypha. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson,
2004.
Hoerth, Alfred J. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2004.
James C. VanderKam. The Dead Sea Scrolls Today. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994.
Jobes, Karen H., Moises Silva. Invitation to the Septuagint. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic,
2000.
Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. Toward and Exegetical Theology: Biblical Exegesis for Preaching and
Teaching. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2005.
Keil Delitzsch. Joshua // Commentary on the Old Testament: 10 . Peabody, MA: Hendricksen,
2002.
Klein, William W., Craig L. Blomberg, and Robert L. Hubbard. Introduction to Biblical
Interpretation. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1993.
Kline, Meredith G. The Structure of Biblical Authority. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1972.
Lewis, C. S. Christian Reflections. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1967.
Lewis, Gordon R., and Bruce A. Demarest. Integrative Theology: 3 . Grand Rapids, MI:
Zondervan Publishing House, 1996.
MacArthur, John. Foreword // The Jesus Crisis: The Inroads of Historical Criticism into
Evangelical Scholarship / . Robert L. Thomas F. David Farnell. Grand Rapids, MI:
Kregel, 1998.
Magness, Jodi. The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids, MI:
Eerdmans, 2002.
Millard. Treasures from Bible Times.
Muraoka, Takamitsu. Classical Syriac for Hebraists. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987.
Murphy, Frederick J. Early Judaism: The Exile to the Time of Jesus. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson
Publishers, 2002.
Payne, D. F. Targums // New Bible Dictionary. 3- . / . J. D. Douglas, N. Hillyer, D. R.
W. Wood . Leicester, England: Intervarsity Press, 1996.
Rooker, Mark F. Leviticus. New American Commentary. Broadman & Holman, 2000.
101

2010

Sapp, David A. The LXX, 1QIsa, and MT Versions of Isaiah 53 and the Christian Doctrine of
Atonement // Jesus and the Suffering Servant: Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins / .
William H. Bellinger, Jr. William R. Farmer. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International,
1998.
Sarna, Nahum M. Exploring Exodus: The Heritage of Biblical Israel. New York: Schocken Books,
1986.
Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Editum.
. 14: Isaias / . Joseph Ziegler. Gttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,
1983.
Shedd, William G. T. Theological Essays & Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy. Minneapolis, MN: Klock
& Klock Publishers, Inc., 1981; . 1877 1893 .
Snyder, John. .
Soulen & Soulen. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. Westminster John Knox, 2001.
Swanson, Dennis. Physical Geography of Israel Syllabus. TMS, 2007.
Targum Jonathan to the Prophets: The Jewish Literary Aramaic Version from the Files of the
Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project (CAL) / . Stephen A. Kaufman. Cincinnati,
OH: Hebrew Union College, 2005.
The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa): A New Edition / . Donald W. Parry and Elisha Qimron.
Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1999.
The Hebrew University Bible: The Book of Isaiah / . Moshe H. Goshen-Gottstein.
Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, 1995.
The Septuagint with Apocrypha: Greek and English / . Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton.
Hendrickson Publishers, 1999.
Tov, Emanuel. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 2- . Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press,
2001.
Waltke, Bruce K. Aims of OT Textual Criticism // Westminster Theological Journal. 51/1.
1989.
Waltke, Bruce K. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament and its Relation to Exegesis and Theology
// A Guide to Old Testament Theology and Exegesis: The Introductory Articles for the New
International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis / . Willem A.
VanGemeren. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999.
Wegner, Paul D. The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible.
Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999.

102

2010

Wellhausen, Julius. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel / . . J. Sutherland

Black. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1973.
Wise, Michael O., Martin G. Abegg Jr. Edward M. Cook. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New
Translation. New York, NY: Harper San-Francisco, 2005.
Wrthwein, Ernst. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblica Hebraica. 2- .
/ . . Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995.
Yamauchi, Edwin. The Stones and the Scriptures: An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology. Grand
Rapids, MI: Baker, 1972.
, . , , :
. Korntal, West Germany : , 1991.
, . . , 2003.
, . : . .: ,
2009.
/ . . .: , 2008.
:
/ . . .:
, 2007.
. . .
/ . . . Postfach, Bielefeld: Christliche LiteraturVerbreitung, 1993.
, . : ; . .:
, 2003.
, . . .: , 1999.
, . . . .:
, 2000.

103