Submitted by: Gayathri Nair S5 MCA SNGIST

Application of illumination models

Rendering of standared graphic objects those are

formed with polygon surface Object:polygon meshapproximation of curved surface objects Each polygon can be rendered with a single intensity and intensity can be obtained at each point of the surface using interpolation scheme

Constant-intensity Shading Flat shading

Rendering of object with polygon surface
Single intensity is calculated for each polygon All points over polygon surface are displayed with same

intensity value Useful for quickly displaying general appearance of a curved surface Flat shading of polygon facet provide accurate rendering if following assumptions are valid

The object is a polyhedron and not an approximation of

an object with a curved surface All light source illuminating the object are sufficiently far from the surface so that N.L and the attenuation functions are constant over the surface The viewing position sufficiently far from the surface so that V.R is constant over the surface

Gouraud Shading
Intensity - interpolation scheme developed by Gouraud

and generally referred to as Gouraud shading It renders polygon surface by linearly interpolating intensity value across the surface Eliminate intensity discontinuities Each polygon surface is rendered with gouraud shading by performing following calculations:

 Determine the average unit normal vector at each polygon

vertex Apply an illumination model to each vertex to calculate the vertex intensity Linearly interpolate the vertex intensities over the surface of the polygon The normal vector at vertex V is calculated as the average of the surface normals for each polygon sharing that vertex(fig) Unit vertex normal can be calculated as eq:

Interpolating intensity along the polygon edge For each scan line,the intensity at the intersection of the scan line with a polygon edge is linearly interpolated from the intensities at the edge end points Advantage It remove intensity discontinuities assosiated with the constant shading model Disadvantage Highlights on the surface are sometime displayed with anomalous shape,and the linear intensity

Interpolation can cause bright or dark intensity streaks, called match bands to appear on the surface These effect can be reduced by using Phong shading method