GIO N DY TON

Ngy
Tit
Lp
Ngi dy

:
Bi 2: Hon v _ Chnh hp _ T Hp
:
Chng II. T hp xc sut
:
: Lng Th Mai Hin

A. Chun b
I. Mc tiu
1) V kin thc
- Hiu r th no l mt t hp chp k ca mt tp hp c n phn t.Hai t hp chp
k khc nhau l gi?
-Nh cc cng thc tnh s cc hon v ,s cc chnh hp chp k v s cc t hp
chp k ca mt tp hp c n phn t.

2) V k nng
-Bit tnh s t hp chp k ca mt tp hp c n phn t.
-Bit c khi no dng t hp, khi no dng chnh hp trong cc bi ton m
-bit phi hp s dng cc khin thc v hon v ,chnh hp v t hp gii cc b
ton m n gin

II. Phng php

Phng php m thoi gi m, dy hc nu vn v dy hc hp tc.
III. dng dy hc
B.Ln lp
I. n nh lp
II. Kim tra bi c
III. Ging bi mi

TG

Ni Dung
I- Hon v:

Hot ng Ca GV

Hot ng Ca HS

GV a bi ton:
Mt chic gh c 3 ch
ngi c nh s t 1
n 3. C 3 bn A, B, C
ngi mt cch ngu
nhin, mi bn ngi vo
mt v tr c nh s
trn gh. Hi c bao
nhiu cch ngi khc
nhau?
Mt cch ngi: ABC
1.ACB, ABD, ....
1.Em hy nu 2 cch
ngi khc nhau?
HS tr li:
2.Hi c bao nhiu cch sp
xp?

5p

2. c c mt
cch ngi ta tin
hnh theo 3 bc:
Bc 1: Chn bn
ngi vo v tr
s1: C 3 cch
chn

1) nh ngha:

5p

Cho tap hp A co n (
n 1 ) phan t. Khi sap
xep n phan t nay
theo mot th t, ta
c mot hoan v
cac phan t cua
tap A ( goi tat la

Mi cch sp xp c
th t 3 bn c gi l
mt hon v tn ca 3
phn t.
3.Cho tp A c n phn t, n
1 hy nh ngha hon v ca

Bc 2: Chn bn
ngi vo v tr s
2: c 2 cch chn.
Bc 3: Chn bn
ngi vo v tr s
3: C 1 cch chn.
Vy s cch ngi
l:
3 . 2. 1 = 6
( cch).

3.nh ngha

5p

5p

mot hoan v cua A).

n phn t?
Hai hon v khc nhau
ca tp hp A u gm n
phn t ca tp hp A nhng khc nhau v th t 4. Hai hon v khc
sp xp cc phn t . nhau ca tp hp A gm
n phn t c g ging
V d 1: Hy lit k tt c v khc nhau?
cc s gm 4 ch s khc
nhau lp c t cc ch
s 1,2,3,4?
5.C bao nhiu hon v ca 4
phn t?
Lp c my s nh th?

4.Hai hon v khc

nhau ca tp hp
A u gm n
phn t ca tp
hp A nhng khc
nhau v th t
sp xp cc phn
t .
5.24 hon v.

24 s.
Mi s lp c l 1
6. Ngoi cch lit k ri hon v ca ba s
m c cch no 1,2,3,4.
bit c t 4 ch s
1,2,3,4 ta lp c 24 s
c 4 ch s khc nhau? 6. lp mt s
c 4 ch s nh
th ta tin hnh
theo 4 bc:
Bc 1: Chn ch s
hng nghn: c 4 cch
chn
Bc 2: Chn ch
s hng trm: C
3 cch.
Bc 3:
Chn ch s
hng chc: c 2
cch
Bc
4:
Chn ch s
hng n v:
c 1 cch
Em s dng qui tc Vy
c
no tm c s
4.3.2.1 = 24
hon v ?
(s) c 4 ch s
Kt qu s hon v ca
khc nhau lp
tp hp 4 phn t
c t 3 ch s
tnh c nh th no?
1,2,3,4.
7.Nu gi s hon v S dng qui tc
ca tp hp 3 phn t l nhn.

5p

10p

2-S cc hon v :
P3
nh l: S cc hon v S hon v ca tp hp
ca n phn t l:
4 phn l P4 th ta c
P n = n.(n-1).(n- P3 =?
P4= ?
2).....2.1
Ch :
Vy s hon v ca tp
K hiu n! = n.(n-1).(n- hp n phn t Pn =?
2).....2.1 khi
ta c: Pn = n!
GV pht biu.
V D 2: Trong gi hoc
mon Giao duc quoc
phong ,mot tieu oi
hoc sinh gom 10 ngi
c xep thanh mot
hang doc. Hoi co bao
nhieu cach xep?

S hon v ca
tp hp 4 phn t
l: 4.3.2.1 = 24

7.P3 = 3.2.1 = 6
P4 = 4.3.2.1 = 24
Pn =n.(n-1).(n2).....2.1

Cho hc sinh lm theo 4 nhm

v gio vin sa.
V D 3: T 6 ch s
1,2,3,4,5,6 c th lp c
bao nhiu s c 6 ch s
khc nhau?

So cach xep
mot tieu oi
hoc sinh gom 10
ngi
thanh
mot hang doc
la hoan v cua
10
P10
=
10!
=
10.9.8...2.1
=
3.628.800
cach
Mi s t nhin c
6 ch s khc
nhau lp c t 6
ch s cho l
mt hon v ca 6
ch s . Vy
s cc s t nhin
lp c l:
P6 = 6! =
720 (s).

10p
IV. CNG C
Nhc li kin thc v cho thm bi tp vn dng.
Bi 1:
T cc s t nhin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 lp cc s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc
nhau.
a) C bao nhiu s?
b) C bao nhiu s chn, bao nhiu s l?
c) Bao nhiu s nh hn 432000
Gii
a) S cc s khc nhau gm 6 ch s t 1,2,3,4,5,6 la s hon v
ca 6 phn t.
P6 = 6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 720 s
b) * S cc s gm 6 ch s chn l:
3.5! = 360 s
* S cc s gm 6 ch s l l:
3.5! = 360 s
c) * S cc s c ch s hng trm nghn nh hn 4, cc ch s
hng chc nghn tr i tu l:
3.5! = 360 s
* S cc s c ch s hng trm nghn l 4, cc ch s hng
chc nghn nh hn 3, hng nghn tr i tu l:
2.4! = 48 s
* S cc s c ch s hng trm nghn l 4, cc ch s hng
chc nghn l 3, hng nghn nh hn 2 l:
1.3! = 6 s
=> theo quy tc cng c:
360 + 48 + 6 = 414 s cn tm.
Bi 2:
C bao nhiu cch sp xp 10 ngi khch vo 10 gh k thnh 1 dy?
Gii
S cch xp 10 ngi vo 10 ch ngi k thnh 1 dy l s hon v ca
10.
P10 = 10! = 10.9.8...2.1 = 3628800 s