yk H E S d y f r S w f w rf ;

xkwfa0ol / EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;(jrefrmEdkifiH)
xkwfa0jcif; / yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif; / oD[armifarmif
qufoG,f&ef / P.O Box 93, Maesod, Tak, 63110, Thailand
Tel: 66(0)55 545 495
e.mail: info@aappb.org website: www.aappb.org

aemufMunfhrSef
onfyef;csu
D m;wcsyw
f iG f wpkw
H &m jznfUpGu&f efvadk eonf[k olrtaejzihf awmifw
h rdonf
RrmS MumNyD/ ckvadk EGO;D wGif yk
d xif&mS ;onfrmS aemufcu
H iG ;f jyifEiS hf rSKefysysum;vrf; NyD;awmU [kw
d yko
H nfwykH
pkxm;onfU oHvrf;wk&d n
S rf sm;eSiZhf vDzm;wk;H tykw
H Udk a&SUrSm xD;wnf; ukuK yd ifBuD;u cg;EGUJ EGUJ ESix
hf ;D aqmif;
xm;aom rde;f rES,/f
wHvyS af wG<u,fonfU aeUvnfcif;rSm ndKwa,mufxJ xkjd rifuiG ;f ukd MunfU&if; vufawGU
Muaom tvkyu
f kd vkyjf zpfcUJ onf? axGaxGx;l xl;pOf;pm;raeawmU tdraf b;&Sd opfwo
dk pfprsm;qGx
J w
k u
f m
vuform;ud&,
d mrsm;yg ,lcUJ onf/
]bmvJ rde;f uav;...usKyfukd bmckid ;f OD;rSmvJ}
tbarmifonf q&morm;jzpfo\
l orD;rkUd tvkv
d u
dk &f onfxuf aysmpf &maumif;aom
upm;enf;wckukd rBuD;ri,ft&G,rf mS ysi;f ysi;f &Sw
d idk ;f upm;cGi&hf olE,
S f cHpm;wwf& xko
d Udk tar;ukd rJU
&SKUH &SKUH [efvyk u
f m ar;&if; uGr;f w,m0g;onf/ ndKu 'gud'k aD vmufjzwfay;? 'gudo
k eH UJ &ku
d rf ,f? 'Dvydk [
Hk k
taqmufttkBH uD;wcrf;wem;aqmufvo
dk el ,
S f Tejf yae\/ pdwv
f v
dk uf&&So
d nfEiS hf tbarmif Zk;d Zd;k Zwf
Zwfvyk af y;vku
d Nf yD/ olrTeMf um;&mae&mrSmwwfqifay;cJUNyD/
ndKwa,muf tdrx
f 0J ifNyD; a&td;k wvk;H o,fvmum ae&mcsNyD;wgif ukuKd yifcg;yef; a&csr;f
pifwcktjzpf usuo
f a&&S&d dS wnfNyD;jzpfawmUonf/ tvSK&iS u
f Anf;xk;d OD;av[k tbarmifu wku
d w
f eG ;f
NyD; ajrjzLwcJ,v
l mum a&csr;f piftajcopfwef;wGif rnfoUdk a&;&efrnfukd trlt,mjzihf ar;onf/
]tbarmif aumif;rSKaygU}
]td.k ..usKyfurde;f uav;ckid ;f vkUd vkyaf y;&wmyJ rde;f uav;wkUd rdom;pk emrnfa&;ygvm;}
][m..rvkyyf geJU ?aeOD;pOf;pm;OD;r,f}
ndKu tBuH&cuf awGa0aepOf tbarmifuyif 0kid ;f pufaom pm;vk;H rsm;jzihf apwem
&Sif a':uRrJ aumif;rSK[k a&;onf/ ndKpdwyf suNf yD tdrb
f ufjyefxu
G o
f mG ;\/ a':wifwifonf a&aomuf
rnfBuHNyD;rS aomufa&tdk;aysmufaejcif;aMumifh [JU..[ka&&Gwfum [kd[kd'D'D&Smonf/
tdraf y:wufvmaom ndKtm;awGU nnf;ckeu aomufa&td;k vS,af ewm bmvkUd a&td;k
pifrmS jyefrxm;wmvJ[k ar;\/
]a&td;k pifrmS xm;vku
d w
f myJ}
ndKUtajzaMumifh a':wifwifrsuaf pmif;xk;d b,frvJ[UJ 'DrmS r&Sb
d ;l tawmifaygufNyD;
yso
H mG ;vkUd vm;[k bkq
d wfqwfar;\/
]tif;..'gjzpfeKd ifw,f ?o'gw&m;u tawmifwyfay;vku
d w
f maygU}
raeUuyif pmar;yGBJ uD;ajzNyD; bmvky&f rSe;f rod a,mif&mS aeNyD[k orD;jzpfot
l m; oem;
rdcUJ onfuydk if aemifw&rd\/
BuD;us,faom ndKUpum;aMumifh a':wifwifa&iwf&onfUtxJ pdwfr&SnfawmU

?b,f r vJ [ k o mxyf a r;\/ nd K ar;xk d ; G e f j yvk d u f o nf / uk u d K yif c ef ; yef ; wG i f

tcefUom;ae&m,loGm;onfUa&tkd;udkjrifonfeSifh...[if...igwkdUu bmeJUaomuf&rvJ[kar;\/
]avmavmq,f 'efcsKd ifBh uD;xJ xnfUaomufr,ftar&m?tazjyefv
f mrS td;k wvk;H topf0,f
MuwmaygU? ndKo'gaygufNyD;vSKNyD;NyD? jyef,v
l Udk r&awmUzl;/
]&moDOwk yl&wJUtxJ 'efcsKd ix
hf u
J a&u aEG;aEG;BuD;jzpfaerSmaygU? aps;utopf0,fvUdk vJ
ajrtk;d yJ&rSm 'DopJ rd Uf tk;d rsKd ;u&Sm;ygbd igawmU rajymvku
d cf sizf ;l ? pdwu
f L;aygufwidk ;f udUk ,dUk um;,m;x
xvkyaf ewmyJ}
ndKum; olrrdcifa&&Gwaf eonfukd *&krjyKawmU topfpufpuf a&td;k pifwiG f yxrqk;H vm
rnfU tvSKcHy*k Kd vf\ auseyfyw
D jd zifh ok;H aqmifrnfU rsuEf mS udo
k m cHpm;&efpw
fd af pmae\/
________________________________________
waeUcif;vk;H arQmo
f nfUwkid f tvSKcHy*k K v
d u
f ay:awmfrrl/ awGUaeusr[kw
f trSwrf hJ
jzwfausmo
f mG ;MuonfvJ &Srd nf[k em;vnfxm;onfw
h ikd f aEGtylwiG f a&csr;f pifukd r&SmazG&aumif;vm;
[k olr NidKjiifro
d nf / wa,mufwavu jrifomG ;ygvQuf ud,
k v
hf rf;ud,
k q
f ufomG ;onfukd ndK jrifaomf
rcsw
d ifuJ usecf \
hJ /
]vlawGu BuD;us,v
f Ykd ig'Davmuftyifyrf;cH vkyaf y;xm;wm apwemudk todtrSwf
jyK&aumif;rSe;f rodMuzl; / 'DwaeYv;kH wa,mufrS raomufvYkduawmh igud,
k w
f ikd af &td;k udk vuf0g;apmif;
eJY &dkufcGJvdkufr,f...[,f zG..zG..a,mifvdkY ? 'geukodkvfqdkwm tukodkvfpdwf rxm;&zl;wJh ?
tif;..at;jrMuap..aomufoHk;olawG}
tvdrk usjcif;udk csK;d ESrd
f olr qkawmif;&if; Asmrsm;aeonfukd tbarmif Munf
h &,fum
tvSL&Sif a':uRrJ qdak wmh vlawGu tcwfc&H rSm aMumufMuw,f / emrnfajymif;ay;vdu
k &f rvm;[k
rxdwxdp&if;ar;onf / olr a&at;tvGeBf udKuf a&csK;d vQif rNyD;Edik af omaMumifh taru pdww
f w
kd ikd ;f
uRrJ [k ac:onfukd tbarmif oHa,mifvu
kd jf cif;twGuf olr yd
k tvdrk usjzpfvmonf/
naea&mufvmaomfvnf; tyl&edS u
f ravsmah o; ? ta0;rS Od;D xkyaf ysmw
h vH;k idu
k if u
kd f
apmif; pdu
k pf u
kd v
f maeolwOD; a&td;k pifjrifNyD; tjrefavQmufvmonfukd ndKawGUvdu
k &f 0rf;omtm;&
NcHpnf;&d;k axmifo
h Ykd ajy;oGm;um tuJcwfaevdu
k \
f /
olrESihf av;iG;vHcefUtuGm&Sd a&tk;d pif\ a&rSKwfukd xko
d u
l qGu
J ikd Nf yD; tirf;r&aomufae
onfukd aemufausmzufrS jrifNyD; ndKaysm&f iT af eonf;/
]tm;..aumif;ygUAsm;? tvSK&Siaf ':uRrJ csr;f omokcjynfUygapownf;}
a&ESprf KS wq
f ifah omufNyD; auseyf0rf;omjzihf xko
d l pmwrf;u uAsn;f ukd zwfum qkawmif;
ay;xGuo
f mG ;onfwiG f ndKrmS ESpo
f ufjcif;ESihf tvkrd usjcif; ESprf sKd ;a&mvsuf uRNJ rD;wku
d se&f pfcUJ \/
_________________________________________
nutdy&f m0ifonfUwkid f vlwa,muf&iT yf stm;&aomufo;Hk cGi&hf cJUaom olr\'getwGuf
ndKrSm MunfeK;rqk;H ? bk&m;&Spcf ;dk NyD; acgif;tk;H ay:acgif;cstyd Nf yD;onfUwkid f trQrQ[
l ay;rNyD;edKifao; /

'geft;dk xJraS &udk owKapmfeo

H nf[k nnf;wGm;&SKUHrUJ aomufcUJ &aom a':wifwifum; om"kygawmf om"k
yg tvSKUtrBuD;&JU[k cyf&f UJG &GUJ jyefatmfae\/ ndK&,farmvsuf ESpNf cdKufpmG tdyaf ysmcf UJ onf/
reufrvif;rDyif olrcsr;f ompGmedK;aeNyD? wHrsupf nf;udq
k
JG jrLawGqidk ;f aeaom jcHtjyif
xGucf UJ onf/ ukuKd yifajcw0ku
d f w*Rr;f *Rr;f jrnfatmif olrwHrsupf nf;vSn;f oHaMumifh iSuu
f av;wkUd apm
apmedK;oGm;NyD; yuspyf uspEf iS hf atmifMuonf/ bmvJ[UJ apmapmxumr*Fvm&Sw
d ,f/ use;f rma&;aumif;
apw,f eifwUdk bmodv[
J k ndKwa,mufwnf; iSuu
f av;awGukd jyef&efvyk af e\/
a0vDa0vif;tcsdefwGif oHvrf;ay:rS &xm;jzwfarmif;onfudk MunfU&if; olra&tdk;udk
vS,af e&mrS igawmUtwef;wifpmar;yGNJ yD;vdUk a,mifaewm tckrt
S vky&f w,f [kawG;um auseyfaeonf/
aejrifv
h monfEiS t
hf rs blwmav;w0ku
d f a&mufvmolwUdk a&iwfajyaomufMuonfuv
kd nf; olrowd
jyKr&d if; auseyfrqk;H ? txl;ojzihf olrwkUd \ Mum;blwmav;wGiq
f u
dk af om taES;&xm;ay:rS qif;vm
onfU c&D;onfawG aeylxrJ jzwfcif wa,mufwvSUJ apmifq
h idk ;f aomufae&onfuykd ifjrif a&rSKwf
wckawmU xyfvyk Of ;D rSy[
J k awG;rdjyefonf/
tbarmiftm; tke;f yifwufcidk ;f NyD; tvk;H ao;ao;a&G;cl;ckid ;f onf/ tke;f oD;wvk;H xJeUJ usKyf
tyif&wuf&wm rumrdz;l [k nnf;&if;tcGEH mG tke;f oD;cGpJ m;MuNyD;? tke;f rSKwfcu
G jf zifh a&rkwt
f opfxyfvyk f
&onfEiS yhf if aeapmif;NyD/ raeUutcsed f raeUuyk*Kd vx
f yfa&mufvmjyef\/ olr\ yxrqk;H tvSLcHy*k K vf
rdUk ndKrSwrf ad eNyD; *&kwpku
d f tem;odUk ra,mifrvnfuyfomG ;rdonf/
ndKxufig;ESpf ajcmufEpS cf efUBuD;rnf[x
k if&aom xko
d rl mS OD;xkypf yk Ef iS hf t0wfErG ;f rsm;aMumifh
vlBuD;wa,mufvdk omrefMunfUvQif awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ olum;vG,t
f w
d pf w
k w
f vk;H udk pvG,o
f ikd ;f vsuf
a&w0BuD;cyfaomufum om"kyg a':uRrJ &,f[k ac:aejyef\/
&uftwefMumaomf waeUndKaomufa&jznfUaecku
d f ola&mufvmonf/ aomufa&ppfwiG f
trSKefrsm;uyfae? olraq;aMumoefUpifaeonfudk olapmifhae ndKtm;emum cPav;aemf..'DaeU
tvkyaf wG&KS yfomG ;vkUd a&jznfUwmaemufusomG ;w,f[k pum;pajymrdonf/
olum;&ygw,f ajz;ajz;vky?f tckrS aeylxu
J vmawmU acR;odyv
f u
dk Of ;D r,f[k ajymum
ndKUtm;&yfMunfUaeonf/ tom;ndKpdrUf pdrUf ESihf ESpv
f zdk ,
G rf suEf mS ydik &f iS u
f av;\ usuo
f a&rSm olr&ifwiG ;f
uapwem"gwfcaH Mumifh yk
d qGaJ qmifrKS &Sad vovm;[k olawG;ae\/ ukuKd &Gurf sm;avta0SUwGif wzGzJ JG
a<uvGiv
hf monf/ tzk;H rygaom a&yk;H xJusrnfp;dk ndKtvky&f KS yfomG ;onfukd ol0ifu&l if; 'DrmS ..a':uRJr
qkw
d m 'Dtem;rSmaewmvm;[k ar;\/
ndK&,fcsipf w
d u
f dk NrdKoyd &f if; tif;aygU[komajzvku
d o
f nf/
b,ftrd u
f vJ[k olxyfar;ndKu olrwkUd tdru
f o
dk m Gejf yvku
d o
f nf/ jcHpnf;&k;d av;ao
oyfpmG umxm;onfU tky<f uyferD ;dk tdru
f av;udk olMunfU&if;
]aMomf...'g...&kHykdifBuD;tdrfyJ?} [ka&&Gwfaeonf/
]awm blwmqkad wmU &kyH idk u
f av;vkUd yJ ac:oifw
h ,f} [k ndKua0zefonf/
]blwmBuD;BuD;ao;ao;Asm....a':uRJrudk tm;emwJUtaeeJU &kHydkifBuD;vkdUyJac:r,f}

r,f}
ndKonf olaomufa&cyfaomufaepOf odUk ajymrd\/
]tJ'aD ':uRrJ u olUudk a':uRrJ vdUk ac:&if rBudKuzf L; odypf w
d q
f ;kd w,f? olUtvSLukd om"k
ac:wm?'geajrSmufatmif ok;H aqmifwmawmU olu0rf;omw,f}
][m tJ'g .pdwq
f ;dk w,f rac:bl; ?uRNJ rD;wkw
d ,fvUdk ac:w,f/ a':uRrJ qkad wmU uRNJ rD;wkd
w,fqdk yko
d bm0usw,f/ [m..vlBuD;udk aemufajymifrNd yD uefawmU uefawmUAsm}
xko
d o
l nf ndKwUdk tdrb
f uf rvkrH vJvrS ;f MunfUNyD; xko
d Udk jymjymovJ aemifw&ae\/
ndKum;&,fvsuf &ygw,f a':uRrJ u oabmaumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fU uRNJ rD;wkw
d ,fqdk
wm olUrl&if;ykjH yifu b,fvv
dk J od&ifajymjyyg[k awmif;qk\
dk / olu tif;...[kqu
dk m tdyu
f yfxv
J uf
edKuo
f nf/ vufrvk;H cefU&SNd yD; wxGmrjynfUaom opfom;wvk;H xGuv
f m\/ olvn
S Uf cRwaf omf twGi;f
rSaq;vdyw
f wkd xyfxu
G v
f mjyefonf/ tawmfuyfap;ESw
J UJ vlBuD;[k ndKBudw
f a0zef&if; NyK;H rdonf/ ol
uvG,t
f w
d x
f J vufeKd upf rf;jyef\/ twefMumrS "gwfqo
D ;Hk ykvif;rD;jcpfBuD; vufxyJ gvmonf/ *su
d eJ
jcpfNyD; rD;nSu
d m 'Dv[
dk k pum;ponf/
tbarmifonf &xm;vufrw
S af &mif;onfU &kt
H wGi;f iku
d jf rnf;ae&mrS ukuKd yifatmuf
vSr;f MunfUrdonf/ aomufa&yk;H udk vufwzufuqGv
J Quf wzufua&ppfukd vSKy,
f rf;vsuf ndKonf olra&SUrSm
OD;xkyaf ysmU aqmif;aomvl\pum;0,fw&if;wES;D &,fyzJG UJG aeonfudk jrif&\/
]wcgu v,fuv
l w
D a,mufu uREJ pS af umifeUJ v,fxeG af e&w,f}
v,fuEGm;eJUrxGeb
f ;l vm;? bmvkUd uReJ UJ xGew
f mvJ}
]uRu
J ykNd yD;EGm;xufxeG t
f m;aumif;w,fAsm..aeprf;ygOD;?usKyfpum;ysuw
f ,f? tJ'gaeUvnf
xrif;ykUd csed af usmw
f UJ txd v,f&iS x
f rif;vmrykUd zl;? olvAJ u
dk q
f maeNyD/ bmrS pm;p&maomufp&mr&Sad wmU
tcsed v
f eG af wmif a&mufrvmzl;qkNd yD; uRt
J NrS;D jzwfNyD; rD;zkwpf m;vku
d w
f maygU}
]tJ'v
D pdk m;NyD;rS v,f&iS u
f xrif;xkyef UJ a&mufvmw,f/ olUv,fuv
l u
D kd ar;w,f Aku
d f
qmvkUd pdwq
f ;dk aeNyDvm;wJU? 'DawmU v,fuv
l u
D at;at;aq;aq;yJajzw,f? pdwrf qd;k ygzl;? 'gayr,fU
uRNJ r;D awmU enf;enf;wko
d mG ;w,fwUJ }
ndKraeedKifyJ yGiv
hf if;pGm&,f &,fp&maumif;w,f[k rSwcf sucf sonf/
xko
d u
l NyHK;&kNH yHK; usKyw
f Udk ab;u MunfU&ifawmU &,fcsipf &myJ um,uH&iS f v,fyikd &f iS f
awmU b,favmufuRNJ rD;wkrd vJqw
dk m pOf;pm;omMunfU[k wkUH jyefonf/ olUpum;tqk;H ndKtrd 0f if;xJjyef
&efpw
d u
f ;l NyD;rS tdru
f kd odrmS pk;d a,mifawmifawmifvyk af e&onf/ xko
d u
l m; pum;tp&vQif NyD;csiyf kH
ray: tpudk qGx
J w
k
f csnv
f ;Hk ukeaf tmifqcJG siaf eykjH zihf
]Oyrm...[kdrSm a':uRJrBuD;tdrfukdyJMunfU? ta0;ajy;um;vrf;ukd aemufausmcdkif;NyD;
aqmufxm;&w,f? olUtdrf0if; tdrfomNyD;&if ajruGufNyD;&if um;vrf;yJ?'g...um;ay:u MunfU&if
b,favmuftal MumifaMumifeKd ifrvJ? 'gayr,fU a':uRrJ BuD;&JU tdr[
f m &xm;0efxrf;qkad wmU &xm;vrf;
udk rsuef mS rlxm;&wm obm0tusq;Hk trSeq
f ;Hk ygyJ/
xko
d Udk qkNd yD; udik ;f usKyo
f mG ;OD;r,f[k qku
d mxGuo
f mG ;aom olUausmjyiftm;MunfU&if;? igwkUd
tdru
f um;vrf;zufuMunfU&if&,fp&maumif;owJU? BuD;us,v
f Udk [k olrtoHww
d af jym&if; usecf UJ onf/

bmrSvyk pf &mvnf;r&Sd zwfp&mpmtkyv

f u
J if;rJUjcif;avmuf a'gojzpfp&m avmavmqnf
olpOf;pm;r&/ q&mawmfU rSeb
f &D x
dk rJ S "rusr;f xlBuD;rsm;,lMunfUNyD; wynfUawmf OmPfrrDygzl;bk&m;[k
ol0efccH UJ onf/ q&mawmfum; 'grqef;ygbl;? avmukw& mukd avmuDaysmw
f a,mufu pl;prf;zkUd 0efav;
aewwfwmobm0yJ/ rpifxrJ mS avmuf[maysmw
f ,f/l a&Tyef;uefay:a&aq;NyD; wifay;&if; olaorSm
[kred Uf onf/
]rSeyf gUbk&m;..wynfUawmfu avmuDrmS &SKyfaeawmU avmrukwef Kd ifao;yg}
]at;..uDrmS &SKyf&if; raeedKifavmufatmif ,m;,Hvm&ifawmU ukwaf ygU}
odUk ESiyhf if olusr;f pmtkyrf sm;ukd vufajrSmuft&SK;H ay;NyD; tMuHopfxw
k &f onf/ wu,fawmU
olUtaejzifh tjyifxu
G zf Udk roifv
h ?S vlo&l iS ;f opfBuD;0g;BuD;wkUd jzifh tkyrf ;dk xm;aom bke;f BuD;ausmif;0if;xJ
&SnUf waumifvdk vkjH cHKpmG aeoifrh eS ;f odygvsuf wGi;f atmif;&ufausmf ykZeG v
f ;Hk waumifvdk jyKwpfjyLwpfvyk f
aerdonf/
v,fuu
G u
f dk jzwfausmaf &mufeKd ifaom Mum;blwmuav;udk olpv
JG rf;aeNyD/ txl;ojzifh
nae aejcnfapmif;csdef taemufaumif;uif yef;Ek&ifah &miforf;csdef tarmqkUd vmaom jrif;eufwaumif
vkd blwmxJ0ifvmaom pmykUd &xm;qku
d cf sed f taMumftavSmf oGm;&nfpmESihf pmapmiftcsKd U vufayGUa&mif;ol
rsm; wa&;edK; vSKyf&mS ;csed u
f dk olwrufwarmMunfU&ef olzwfcsio
f nfU pmtkypf mapmif&mS 0,f&ef a&mufcUJ
onfrS tpjyK a&csr;f piftvSL&Sif a':uRrJ BuD;taMumif; ajymjywwfonfU ndKprd Uf pdrUf uav;ukv
d J rjrif
&vsif [mwmwmjzpfaewwf\/
olraeedKifonfU tqk;H a&mufvmjyef\/
onfwcgawmU a&tk;d pifab; ikww
f w
k x
f idk
f blwm&ku
H av;\ naecif;udk urXmef;&SK
ovkd &SKaerdonf/ Aku
d q
f mwkid ;f a&xaomufvu
dk f xkid Mf unfUvdu
k v
f yk af epOf 'efUovGeo
f ;D rsm;ayGUydu
k v
f suf
oleaH b;avQmufvmaeaom olrukjd rif\/
ESpOf ;D om;tm;yg;w& NyHK;eKwq
f ufMuonf/
]'DrmS ...usKyfukd wckun
l rD vm;}
olUtar;ukd qef;ppfraeyJ &ygw,f[o
k majz\/ naecif; aejcnfazsmUwGif 'efUovGeo
f ;D ]
rsm;ayGU olUeHab;rSerf eS af vQmufvmaom olrrSm olUrsupf x
d J MunfUaumif;vSonf[o
k m rzGUJ EGUJ pwrf;
0efccH sio
f nf/
]'gawGb,f,o
l mG ;rvdUk vJ tvky&f adS o;vm;}
'efUovGeo
f ;D rsm;ar;aigUjy olar;onf/ todawGtrd v
f u
dk af 0rvkUd yg/ bmvkyaf y;&rSm
vJ[k jyefar;\/
]'Dem;rSm pmtkyif mS ;qkid rf &Sb
d ;l vm;}
olUtar;aMumifh ndK pOf;pm;p&m&vmonf/ xko
d o
l nf 'DteD;tyg;&Gmw&GmrS r[kwb
f ;l
vm;? 'D0ef;usit
f aMumif; rodovkad r;ae b,frmS aevkUd vJ[k olrjyefar;rdonf/ olajzcsiyf rHk &/ usKyf
uawmu vmwmyg [kom ra&r&majymonf/

]'gvJ..awmyJ ?awmblwmyJ}
][kwyf gw,f? usKyaf ewJUawmu 'Dxufyadk wmuswUJ awmaygU}
olrqufrjiif;awmU pmtkyif mS ;wm [ked m;u tauGUrSm&Sw
d ,fav rodz;l vm;[k jyefar;
onf /aMomf...[k ola&&Gwu
f m usKyfrodz;l / usKyfuv
kd nf;rodawmU olwUkd iSm;ygUrvm;rodz;l /tJ'g
Mum;u0ifNyD;iSm;ay;edKirf vm;rodz;l [k rodz;l ok;H vk;H qufum oljyefar;\/
]ndKu ...tmrcHay;&rSm [kwv
f m;}
oltemrnfukd xnfUajymvm olowdxm;rdNyD; [kwyf gw,f[k ajzonf/
ndKpOf;pm;aeonf /blwmw0ku
fd w
f iG f &xm;oHMum; aps;onftcsKd UvSKyf&mS ;vmMu\/pm
ykUd &xm;rSm a[m[JjrnfojH zihf ta0;rSvmaeNyD/
]b,frmS aevJqw
dk mawmif rod&yJ ..ndKu..}
olrpum;rqufedKifyJ cufae oluyif [kwfygw,fav...usKyfudk ,kHNyD;pmtkyfzkd;avsmf
ay;&r,fU tjzpfukd vefUaerSmaygU/ 'gqkv
d J &Syd gapawmUav ..usKyfrmS iSm;NyD; xGurf ajy;ygbl;qkw
d m yg;
pyftaeeJU b,fvrdk S oufaojyvkUd r&yJ}
olpw
d yf supf mG x&yfonf/ ndKtm;emoem;pGmjzihf
]vmyg vku
d cf YJyg/ 'Dwcg iSm;MunfUr,fav? ndKeUJ awmU qkid ef UJ odygw,f}
at;Asm..pdwfcsprf;yg...[k ol0rf;yrf;wom ajymab;csif;,SOfavQmufvm\/
]wu,fAsm ?pmrzwfyJ ckEpS &f ufavmufaeNyD; ajymwJUpum;[m bmt&omrS r&Szd ;l ? usKyf
pmudk bdef;pm;bdef;pGJovkd pGJaewm ...odyfaus;Zl;wifw,f/ 'DrSm ..'efUovGefoD;jrifvkdU ajym&OD;r,f/
pma&;q&mwa,muf 'efUovGeo
f ;D a&mif;wJU tjzpfzwfz;l vm;}
olUxk;H pHtwkid ;f pum;csnpf qGx
J w
k &f oGm; trQirf jywfajymawmUrnfukd ndKem;vnfvu
dk f
onf/ rzwfz;l ygbl; ajymjyygOD;[kom NyHK;ajz\/
]aomfwmaqG a&;zl;wmavAsm ..MumvSNyD/ olUjcHxu
J xGuw
f UJ 'efUovGeo
f ;D awGcv
k ydk J
ayGUNyD; aps;rSmoGm;a&mif;zkUd tdru
f xGuv
f mw,f/ tJ'g....}
oltyd u
f yfxeJ Kd uf opfom;tacgif;xJrS aq;vdyw
f u
dk kd xkwjf yefonf/ oltvky&f KS yfaecku
d f
olUab;rS avQmufvmaom ndKu 'DO;D xkyaf ysmUtpkwBf uD;yJ q,fUeSp&f moD olaqmif;aewmyJ eKwfcrf;arG;
xlvyspBf uD;eJU tzd;k BuD;&kyo
f zl rf;xm;&wm tawmfauseyfaew,f xifw,f[k awG;aerd\/
]tJ'g..oltdrfab;u rdef;rwa,mufuawGUawmU ar;NyD;0,fa&mAsm..oluqkdygawmU
tJ..wusyzf ;kd av;awmifq
h adk wmU [krd ed ;f ru udak qG&,f tcsi;f csi;f awGyJ r&zl; ig;awmifx
h m;qkNd yD; qpfw,f/
olvt
J m;emNyD; ay;vku
d w
f ,f/ wcg aemufwa,mufawGUjyefawmU tm;ay;OD;r,fqNdk yD; 0,f
r,fvyk ?f aps;ar;awmU wusyfz;dk av;awmifu
h dk ig;awmif&h atmif [kw
d a,mufuqpfomG ;wmyJ /uJ..
cifAsm;vnf; ig;awmifyh J ,lqadk wmU 'kw,
d trsKd ;orD;u [m..b,f&rvJ usreJU&Siu
f 'Davmuf&if;ES;D
wm ajcmufawmifah y;&r,fqNdk yD; tedKiu
f siahf &m}
olUpum;aMumifh ndKrSm 'efUovGeo
f ;D rsm;ayGUvm&if; NyHK;rdonf/ pmydUk &xm;olrwkUd eHab;rS

jzwfomG ;onftxd acwpum;wdwf avQmufvmNyD;rS olqufonf/

]'geJU wwd, wa,mufeJU vrf;xJwGif awGUjyefa&m ...0,fr,fqkdawmU ...}olpum;r
qufyJ oHvrf;udk jzwfu;l &ef ZvDzm;wk;H rsm;ukd ei;fausmaf ecku
d f
]tJ'D rde;f rBuD;u olusawmU r&zl; ckEpS af wmifah y;udak y;&,fvUdk tedKiu
f sijhf yefa&mr[kwf
vm;}[k ndKuNyKH ;vsuf ar;onf/
][m..rzwfz;l yJ w,foavmaygufv,
G yf gvm;}
olauseyfpmG ndKrsuEf mS tm; vSnUf MunfUonf/ oeyfcg;uyku
d &kd yGwx
f m;aom ndKUyg;jyif
wGif aejcnfEjk zifh azG;um wifw
h ,fygbd..}
]uJ 'DvkdeJU aemufwa,mufawGUawmU &Spfawmifhay;&a&m qkdygawmU ...'geJU 'efUovGef
oD;awG ukeaf &mvm;}
]at;avAsm ..'DavmufeUJ b,fpmzGUJ OD;rvJ ?nusawmU Zmwfvrf;uwpfuaejyefpw,f}
[k olpum;udq
k ufonf / oJEEk ck if;xm;aom awmvrf;uav;xJ olwUdk auGU0ifcsKd ;vdu
k Mf u\/
]uJ ...ckEpS af wmif&h vku
d w
f UJ olu &Spaf wmifh r&vkUd rauseyf? ajcmufawmifeh UJ &vku
d w
f UJ
olu ckepS af wmifrh ay;vkUd qkNd yD; &efawGU? olUcrsm auseyfwUJ eKe;f eJU a&mif;cJUNyD;ygvsuf 0kid ;f NyD;&efawGUcH&wm
yJaygU}
ndKtoH wk;d wk;d &,faepOfyif pmtkyq
f idk u
f av;udk tauGUrSm bGm;ueJawGUvku
d &f \/ olaysmf
&Tipf mG odUk ajymonf/
]a[m ...pmtkyfzwf&awmUr,f..aus;Zl;wifw,fAsm usKyfrSm t&uform;awGajymo
vkd aeapmif;&if azaomif;wkUd t&nfawmif;NyD qkw
d mrsdK; pmzwfcsifwUJ a0'emxvGe;f vkUd ...ckrjS ynfUawmU
w,f/
olajcvSrf;usJBuD;rsm;jzihf OD;aqmifvkdufaomoltm; trSDvkduf&if; ndKu ...aeygOD; pm
tkyif mS ;awmU tmrcHay;&atmif ndKUudek mrnfajymxm;OD;av[k owday;\/
]at;Asm...azaomif;vkdUyJ rSwfxm;Asm [kom olajymonf/
______________________________________
vQypf pfr;D BudK;oG,x
f m;ygvsuf npOfvv
dk kd rSerf ;D tdrx
f eG ;f ae&onfrmS uarmufuredKiv
f S
aom jzpfpOfwck[k ndKawG;rdonf/ tzdek UJ trBudK;ESpaf csmif;wGyJ gvsuf tvif;"gwfum;r&? rDwmyk;H \jzpf
wnfrKS onf ydik &f iS t
f m; xdr;f odr;f apmifah &Smufcawmif;cH&efoufoufom/
tazu "gwfcaJ &'D,jdk zihf w*D;G *D;G w*Gr;f *Gr;f avwk;d oHrsm; tMum; jynfyrS vTYiahf om vkid ;f
udk BudK;pm;yr;fpm;zrf;aeonf/ ndKrSm rSerf ;D tdraf tmuf Murf;ay:arSmufvsuf pmtkyx
f rJ S pmtcsKd Uukd ul;
a&;wefa&; ausmzf wfwefzwfae\/
azaomif;[k olUtm;ac:ap 'Dpmtkyzf wfygvm;..[k[
d mxufpm&if awmfao;w,f? pojzifh
tBuHay;&if; olpu
G zf uforQ ndKzwfavUr&So
d nfU pmtkyt
f csKd Uzwfz;l vmonf/ okUd wkid af tmif

olum;auseyf[efrjyao;/ 'Dqidk u
f av;u rpGv
H zS ;l /bmrStusKd ;r&Sw
d mawG rsm;aew,f[k wAspaf wmuf
awmuf a0zefaygif;rsm;NyD/ aeapmif;NyDqv
dk sif azaomif;ESihf olrqkMH upNrJ ?pmtkyjf yeftyf&if; naecif;
pum;pNrDrsm;jzifh ydrk adk EG;axG;vmaom aEGnrsm;udk olrwkUd BuHKcJUMuNyD/
]aps;BuD;xJrmS awmU pmtkyq
f idk t
f BuD;BuD;&Sw
d ,f/ tJ'rD mS qkd pkrH mS yJ}
xko
d Udk ndKowif;ay;onfwiG f olwtHwMojzifh [kwv
f m;? usKyrf a&mufz;l zl; vkypf rf;ygOD;? b,fvBdk uHMu
rvJ pmaumif;awGoyd zf wfcsiw
f ,f [ktir;fr&jyefar;onf/
]ndKeJUvJ odwmr[kwzf ;l ..pabmfawmU ay;iSm;&if&rSmyg}
]at;Asm ...aps;BuD;u a0;ovm;}
]pufb;D eJUoGm;&if odyrf Mumygbl;}
]vkyfAsm cyfokyfokyfvkyf...usKyfpabmfaiG&SmNyD; oGm;csifw,f? tJ..wcgavmufawmU
vku
d yf Ukd &if taumif;om; ..cufwmu usKyrf mS pufb;D vJ r&Szd ;l b,fou
l iSm;rvJ}
ae&mwum tcuftcJ&adS eaom olUtm; ndKoem;vn;foem; &,fvnf;&,fcsiaf eonf/
]ndKUrSm &Sdygw,f..'gayr,fU..tif;av..tqifajywJUwaeU oGm;iSm;MuwmaygU? aps;
BuD;u reufyikd ;f eJU aeUvnfyzJ iG w
hf maemf...}
at;Asm ndK[m tawmftm;ud;k &wJU rdwaf qGy[
J k oltm;ud;k wBuD;ajymcJUonf/ bmaMumifh
&,frod ?olr,kMH unfrKS wckjzihf olEiS chf sed ;f qku
d m aps;BuD;odUk oGm;cJU\/ xkrd eufcif;udv
k nf; rMumcP o
wd&aerdonf/
__________________________________________
blwm&ku
H av;eHab; jzpfovkcd sa&mif;aeaom vrf;ab;aps;wGif [if;oD;[if;&Gurf t
S y
tjcm;ukepf &Hk mS ;yg; aps;BuD;odUk ok;H av;&ufwcg ukeaf jcmuf0,f&ef ndKomG ;&pNrJ? xkrd eufwiG v
f nf; olU
tm; um;vrf;wae&mrS apmifah e&ef rSmxm;cJUNyD; olrwkUd awGUMuonf/
olonf OD;xkyaf ysmUBuD;tygt0if olUxk;H pHtwkid ;f cyfuw
k u
f w
k ef Kd iv
f aS om t0wfrsm;jzifh
um;vrf;eHab;acsmifusus r&Jw&J&yfae\/ ndKUpufb;D olUeHab;a&mufvmonf/
wuf..jrefjref...[k ndKac:onfESifh usD;uef;waumifvkdoGufvufpGm ndKpufbD;aemuf
ckaH y: olygvmonf/ rde;f uav;ueif;wm pD;&wm qkad wmU...[k olpum;pNyD; rqufawmU? 'gawGt
a&;rBuD;ygbl; pmtkyBf udKuw
f m iSm;&zkUd yJ vkw
d ,f[k ndKjyefajymonfukd [kww
f ,f[o
k m olaxmufcNH yD;
ygvmonf/
]udak zaomif; wkUd awmrSm pufb;D &So
d vm;}
reufcif;avajyu aEGtylukd tedKi&f qJrUkd Munfvifaom aumif;uifatmuf olwUdk eSpaf ,muf
pufb;D ay:ygvm&if; ndKuvSnUf rMunfUyJ ar;onf/ olonf olUrsuEf mS a&SU rMumcP
a&mufvmaom ndK\ qHEG,fprsm;udk MunfUae&mrS....
]tif;&Sw
d maygU? bmjzpfvUdk vJ}
]udak zaomif; pufb;D reif;wwfz;l vm;vkUd yg}
]aMomf...eif;wwfygw,f [kom olajzonf/ ndKuawmtaMumif; awmifta

]aMomf...eif;wwfygw,f [kom olajzonf/ ndKu awmtaMumif; awmiftaMumif;

avQmufar;orQ oluawmqkw
d muawmU opfyifrsKd ;pkH trsm;BuD;&Sw
d maygU ?awmifqw
dk muawmU ajrjyefU
xuf trsm;BuD;jrifw
h UJ uke;f ajraygU[k aemufovkd ajymifovko
d m ajzaecJU\/
vrf;eHab;wae&m um;*dww
f ckwiG f &yfaumufnif;aygif;ESihf taMumfpm;&ef ndKuqE
jyKonf/ olrjiif;aomfvnf; acsmifus&ma&G; cyfuw
k u
f w
k x
f idk af eMu\/ awmom;wa,mufonf vl
pnfum;aom um;*dwu
f kd tb,faMumifrh ai;yJ ausmckid ;f ae&ygoenf;/ olzwfavU&Sad om pmtkyrf sm;
rSmvnf; vlzwfenf;avU &Sad om t&kyrf yg pmoufouf omreftm;jzihf jiD;aiGUzG,rf sm;om/ ukad zaomif;
qdo
k o
l nf vlUtodik ;f t0kid ;f wckukd taMumif;wckjzifh a&Smifz,fz,fvyk af erSe;f ndK&dypf m;rdonf/
aumufnif;aygif;eJUwGv
J suf vbuf&nf&onfqpdk Ofu oltvGeEf pS o
f uf[efjzifh vkyAf sm
aumif;w,f[q
k u
dk m rSmckid ;f onf/ wu,fwrf;vbuf&nfa&mufvm olaomufMunfUNyD; rsuEf mS ysuf
oGm;onfuv
kd n;f ndK owdjyKr\
d /
]bmjzpfvUdk vJ ..jiKwfo;D pyfvUdk vm; }
ndK\ [moukd olr&,feikd f csK&d BJ uD;Asm vbufajcmufuvnf;[k vTwu
f eJ ajymNyD;rS at;
av usKyw
f Udk awmu twkid ;f ygyJ[k avQmcsum r&,fcsi&f ,fcsif &,faeonf/
]udak zaomif; wkUd awmrSm txufwef;ausmif;&Sv
d m; }
olUrsuEf mS rtDromjzpfomG ;jyefNyD; &Sw
d UJ awmrSm &Sw
d ,f/ r&Sw
d UJ awmrSm ausmif;awmifr
&Szd ;l / rlvwef;ausmif;&Sw
d UJ awmawGrmS vnf; pmroifeKd ifwUJ uav;awG trsm;BuD; ?ausmif;pm&dwf rwwf
edKifwma&m rdbtvkyfawGrSm 0ifaeus&wma&m ...&ifarmp&mBuD; [kpum;aMumukd wbufokdUvSnfU
um ajymonf/
ndKonf aumufniS ;f wqkyef u
dk Nf yD;rS [kwv
f m; [k wtHUwMoar;\/
]'gbmrS rqef;ygbl;? NrdKUuynmwwfawG awmrSm ausmif;q&moGm;vkyMf uzkUd wku
d w
f eG ;f
&keH UJ 'DjyemrNyD;oGm;bL; oifay;olzufu NynfUpkaH wmif oif,o
l zl ufu ,leKd irf ,fUtajctaevkad o;
w,f/ wcsKd Uuav;awGq&dk if tpfuw
kd ESpf nDwESpf ausmif;wufae&w,f/}
olUpum;r&Si;f ndKu b,fv[
dk jk yefar;onf/
]tpfuakd usmif;aewJUESprf mS nDuraeedKifb;l av? aiGrvkaH vmufvUdk qkyd gpkUd / aemufEpS af wmU
nDausmif;ae? tpfuu
kd rdom;pk 0ifaiG&mS ? 'DvMdk uHzefoif&wmyJ/}
olUpum;wGif owif;w&yftaejziho
f mru wpfpw
Hk cka[majymcsuyf o
Hk @efa&mufvmonf
txd ndKem;axmifae&onf/ 'geJU udak zaomif;u ynmb,favmufoifcUJ &ovJ[k olrjzwfar;\/
tif;...a&;wwfzwfwwfawmU &SdwmaygU [kolajzum oGm;Mu&atmif edK;aqmfonf/
aps;BuD;a&muf pmtkyq
f idk o
f Udk wef;oGm;um olimS ;vko
d nfU pmtkyu
f kd a&G;pOfvnf; ndKo
wdxm;rdonf/ bmomjyefpmtkyrf sm;zuf oJorJ rJ J olvu
dk &f mS aeonfukd rodusK;d uRjH yK ndKaps;0,fvu
dk f
OD;r,f [lajymum xGucf UJ \/
aps;0,fNyD;jyefta&muf olUvufxJ pmtkyEf pS t
f yk af yGUvsuf ?
]emw,fAsm...zwfcsifwmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f? pabmfrwwfedKifawmUvkdU ESpftkyfxJiSm;
edKiw
f ,f/ usKyt
f jzpfu &wemodu
k Bf uD;awGUcJYygvsuf *ltufuMJG um;xJ 0ifr&vkUd t0uvufvrS ;f rS&D m

DS
'*Fg;ESpjf ym; avmufyJ aumufvm&olxuf epfemao;w,f}
ndKuaps;BuD;okUd xyfrvmrcsi;f pmtkyjf yefrtyfeKd iyf J &ufw;dk wufrnfU ta&;awG;ylaepOf?
olu yku
d q
f x
H yf&mS OD;r,fAsm 'DwcgaiGprsm;rsm;eJU&if;NyD; bPmodu
fk u
f wBuHK;BuD;eKu
d rf ,f[k Budr;f 0g;ae
yg\/
tjyefvrf;wGif olruaemufuxkid
f pmtkyrf sm;jrnfUMunfUonf/ edKifiw
H um\ aemufcH
taMumif;ESihf ,aeUumvukad zmfjyxm;aom pmtkyrf eS ;f od jyefyw
d v
f u
dk &f if; udak zaomif; NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;
awmU a&mufz;l w,fr[kwv
f m;[k arjyef\/
ol [ufueJ&,fNyD; edKiif jH cm;awGawmif a&mufz;l w,f[k jyefajzonf/
][kwo
f vm; ..b,feKd iif aH wGv}J
]tkd...trsm;BuD;aygU? tckndK,lMunfUwJU pmtkyfxJU edKifiHawG? usKyf'DaeUa&mufOD;rSmaygU
r[kwzf ;l vm;}
ndKwOD;wnf;NyK;H aeonf/
vrf;tcGw
J iG f olrtm;eKwfquf&if; aus;ZL;wifw,faemf..usKyftwGuaf wmU ndK[mt
zk;d tk&d UJ awmifa0S;xuf tm;ud;k &w,f/ a':uRrJ BuD;&JUajr;vkUd rajym&yJ odomedik w
f UJ tcsuyf [
J k cs;D rGr;f
\/
ndKtrd x
f u
J xGupf Of oljrifcUJ zl; ndKwUdk tdrv
f m;[k ar;pOfu [kwyf gw,f a':uRrJ BuD;
u ndKUtzGm;[k olr&,fumajzcJUzl;aomaMumifyh if/
______________________________________________oHa,mZOftwdrt
f euf[o
l nf tyfcsnw
f vk;H udk cJv;Hk csn
f wGi;f xJcsMunfU odeKd ifonf
rsKd ; [kwrf [kwaf wmU &DE,
G rf a0cGw
J wf/
ta&;ay:vm&if wpGe;f wpowjd yonfuawmU trSeyf if/ olrarmifav;ESiw
hf al om vl
&G,w
f OD;wa,mufukd jrif&onfjzpfap? &moDomaom nrsm; vrf;twGi;f *pfwm0kid ;f rS aw;oHMum;&
onf jzpfap? okUd r[kwf armifav;BudKuw
f wfaom oDcsi;f zGio
hf MH um;&onfjzpfap &DE,
G v
f yk v
f ufp tvkyf
ud&k yfvsuf owd&pdwjf zihf ylaqG;jcif;ukd vuf,yfac:NyD; {nfUcHxm;rdpNrJ/
,ckvnf; pmtkypf ifudk &Si;f vif;&if; armifav;zwfaom pmtkyrf sm;udk jrifMuufarT;wH
udik u
f m idKifawGaerdonf/olr\ rdcifjzpfoo
l nf tdraf &SUwHcg;0&yf vlprd ;f wa,mufEiS hf pum;ajymae
onfukd jrif &DE,
G &f ifxw
d o
f mG ;&onf/
xko
d o
l nf &DE,
G af rmifav;taMumif;vma&mufppHk rf;olyif jzpf&rnfudk olrtwwfoo
d nf
xko
d pl w
d yf suaf om rsuEf mS jzifh jyefvn
S Uf xGuo
f mG ;rS olrrdcif&&dS m &DE,
G q
f if;vm&if; odvsuyf ifar;rdjyef
onf/
]bmvJtar tarUom;taMumif; vmar;wmyJ r[kwv
f m;}
w
} jcm;bm&S&d OD;rvJ? igawmU wwfeKd i&f if qkid ;f bkww
f ifxm;&aumif;rvm;awmif pOf;pm;
rdw,f/ [
} k olrrdcifajzum pdwv
f KS y&f mS ;aeaom trlt&mjzihf tdrx
f jJ yef0ifvmonf/

tarUrsufESm oem;p&maumif;avmufatmif ylyefrSKta&mifwkdU a&m,Sufae &DEG,fr

MunfU&ufMunfU&ufjrifNyD; taruvnf; trlt&modyyf suw
f myJ[k *&kPm a'gaomajymrdonf/
igody[
f efraqmifwwfb;l aemufq&dk if eifwUdk yJxu
G &f iS ;f awmU [ktarajym&if; bk&m;pif
bufwufomG ;onfwiG f &DE,
G w
f a,mufxJ rSeb
f &D adk y:xifaeaom olrrsuEf mS udk jyefMunfUrdonf/ wkef
vSKyaf ewJUrsuEf mS ? [if igvnf;xked nf;if;ygyJ? 'Daumifav;jyem b,fawmUrS qk;H r,frxifz;l ? &ifqidk f
ckid ;f vku
d &f ifaumif;rvm;? tkrd jzpfao;bl;/ MumawmUvnf; arUarUaysmufaysmufjzpfomG ;Mur,fxifw,f
[k awG;um ykid &f iS rf UJ aeaom *pfwmtm; qG,
J u
l ikd Mf unfUaerdonf/
vmav wyk'f ESpyf 'k q
f pkd rf;yg[k olrtm;ZGwaf c:qkcd idk ;f NyD;? oDcsi;f rqk;H cif w[J[&J ,fum
vufuu
G rf mS ;oGm;vkUd [k aemufw;D aemufawmufvyk af vU&Sad om olrarmifav;onf awm&bke;f BuD;
ausmif; a,mifcsmcsmtazmfrUJ ae&Sma&mUrnf/ [kw
d avmuawmU av;cGwvufuikd Nf yD; awmifypf ajrmuf
ypf vkyaf eonfwUJ ?iSuaf wGuzkd rf;wmawmU r[kwyf gbl;? olUudk tE&m,fjyKzUdk vmrnfUolawGukd av;cGeUJ
ypfNyD; xGuaf jy;zkUd qkyd /J
olrtawG;rqk;H cif OD;av;atmif qkid u
f ,fwzk;H zk;H rnfvQuf tdraf &SUvm&yf\/ &DE,
G w
f H
cg;ukd csucf si;f ajy;zGi&hf if; jrefjrefwuf? bmvkUd qkid u
f ,foBH uD; 'Davmufjrnfatmif armif;vm&ovJ[k
qD;BudK&efawGUvku
d \
f /
[m...igUqkid u
f ,fu [Ge;f uvG&J if tukejf rnfw,fqw
kd mrsdK;[ [k OD;av;atmif&iS ;f csuf
xkwu
f m acR;okw&f if; 0ifvmonf/ bk&m;crf;a&mufaeolrmS ylyefaZmjzihf tarmwaumqif;vmjyef\/
&DE,
G w
f cH g;jyefyw
d &f if; bmxl;ao;vJ[k avoHjzifh ar;onf/ OD;atmifu zGu,
f v
l maom pmukd xkwaf y;
onf/ tdr0f ef;usiv
f &l iS ;f r&Si;f tuJcwfNyD; &DE,
G zf wfMunfU\/
]azaomif;? aeaumif;w,f
yku
d q
f v
H ufuseu
f eJ
ajym&rSmvnf; tm;emw,f}
pmudzk wfNyD;onfEiS hf olrcsucf si;f 0g;pm;vku
d o
f nf/ taronf rcsirhf &JjzpfomG ;NyD; igawmif
rzwfvu
dk &f bl;[k NiLpl\/ olaeaumif;w,f? ydu
k q
f x
H yfawmif;&rSm tm;emaew,fwUJ ? 'gyJ[k &DE,
G af jz
&if; azaomif; qdw
k m olemrnfajymifxm;wmvm;[kar;onf/
OD;av;atmifu&,fvsuf at;..tJ'gwrsdK;aumif;w,f[kajzonf/
&DE,
G yf u
dk q
f ,
H &l ef tHqaJG omUzGi&hf if; MunfUvJajymxm;OD; 'Daumif avQmufvnfaeOD;r,f
b,fvrdk S pdwcf s&wmr[kwb
f ;l ? awm&ausmif;qkad yr,fU Oykwv
f m,loal wG &Sw
d wfw,f? pyfpyfppk ak wG
eJUa&maxG;rdrSjzifh ...pojzihf om;trdESpfa,mufwwGwfwGwfrSmMum;aeonfudk OD;av;atmif acgif;
ndw&f if; pdwcf syg[kom wkUH jyefonf/
pmtkyaf wG qkid rf mS oGm;iSm;zwfaeaMumif;om olwUdk om;trdov
d sif &ifx
k ntdyf rf aysmf
jzpfMuOD;rnf[k OD;av;atmifawG;rd&if; NyHK;apUapUvkyaf erd\/
][kww
f ,f? ndKvo
J Ul udk rouFmzl;}

][if..rouFmwmawmif bmvkUd w&if;wES;D vkyaf e&ao;vJ ?eifuav;vnf; r[kwaf wmU

bl;? "gwfBudK;udk prf;udik w
f ,fqw
dk m a>rudik ,fxw
d yf w
k w
f mxuf aMumufp&maumif;w,f? a>rudu
k &f if
aq;&Sad o;w,f[UJ /}
ruRr;f usiyf J BudK;wef;vrf;avQmufou
l kd MunfUae&ovkd rsuEf mS jzifh a':wifwifqyl al e
onf/ndKum; aEGaeUvnfwiG f a&cJrek Uf Zdrcf pH m;aeonfU trlt&mrsKd ;yif/
]"gwfBudK;ayr,fU ndKwUdk tdrrf mS oG,x
f m;wJU"gwfBudK;rsKd ;yg/ b,fwek ;f u rD;vmbl;vkUd vJ?
ndKocd siw
f mu 'D"gwfBudK;&JU aemufaMumif;trSe}f
]eif..ajymav uJav vkyfjyefNyD...csufcsif;rD;vmvkdU [kwfayUjzpfoGm;r,f}
]rylygeJUtar..ndKbufu rde;f cvkwyf w
d x
f m;&if pdwcf s&ygw,f}
]bmpdwcf s&wmvJ ?avmuy&d,m,f eifbmem;vnfovJ eiftckrS todu
k x
f u
J acgif;jyKL
MunfUwwf,kH&Sdao;w,f? iSufawG[m rjzpfraetpm&Smpm;&wm ...tE&m,fawG 0kdif;aew,fqkdwm
oabmayguf x m;...
qDyx
l J ig;twk;H xnfUcsvu
dk
f &Su
J eJ jrnfNyD; qDjrKwrf sm;xvmonf/ orD;vkyo
f t
l m; ql
ylaeonfUMum;u qDawGuvnf; wkUd i,fi,fuvkd r[kwb
f ;l [k Mum;jzwfawG;rd\/
]'DrmS awGUvm; ?vlawGtppftrSeu
f dk twkawGta,mifawG a&mukeMf uwm qDawGutp
trSerf &Sad wmUbl;? xrif;ylyel UJ qrf;pm;vn;fbmt&omrSr&Sd ESv;Hk aoG;aMumydwzf Udk ydek ;D pyfwUJ tE&m,f
awmif&w
dS ,fwUJ igzwfz;l w,f}
ndKu jiKwq
f x
Hk rJ S axmif;NyD;orQ edKux
f w
k af eonf/
]tarajymovkyd J ndKu todu
k x
f u
J acgif;jyLMunfUae&wm rSeyf gw,f/ 'gayr,fU oluvJ
tE&m,fray;wwfwUJ iSuu
f av;waumifygyJtar..olUrSm xdeUf vefUp&mtaMumif;wckaMumifh usD;uef;
vkyd J ylyefae&w,f? us;D uef;awmifrS wcgwav pdwaf t;vufat;omaevkUd &ao;w,f? ndKajymcsiw
f m
u ol[m av;cGuikd x
f m;w,f? 'gayr,fU Muufiu
S af wG ypfzUdk r[kwb
f ;l }
]eif b,favmufov
d Udk vJ ?ig eift
h azeJU wkid v
f u
dk af wmUr,f}
ndKv;Hk 0raMumufay/ tazudUk vn;f xkt
d wkid ;f yif ndKjyef&iS ;f jyrnfjzpfonf/
________________________________________
]usKyf ndKUukd tE&m,frjyKygbl; pdwu
f ;l awmifr&Sb
d ;l ? uk,
d Uf [mud,
fk af wmif...}
olpum;rqufyJ &yfvu
dk \
f /blwm&ku
H av;rSm &xm;qku
d Nf yD;csed jf zpfaomfvnf; a&pifBuD;
atmuf a&csKd ;jyefvmaom uav;rsm;jzihf &SKyfaxG;qlnaH e\/ bJwtkyu
f kd ausmif;vmaom bJausmif;
om;u ykq
d ;dk ukd pvG,o
f idk ;f vsuf abmif;bDwMdk um;rS av;cGux
kd w
k u
f m opfyifBuD;ay: csed &f ,
G af eonf/
]tJ'gawGu ..ndK,k,
H eHk UJ rvkaH vmufb;l av}
[kwyf gw,f[o
k m oljyefajzvsuf eKwq
f w
d af eonf/ bJausmif;om;\ vufcsuaf Mumifh
ca&yifBuD;ay:rS iSuw
f tkyf &kw&f w
k o
f o
J jJ zpfomG ;onfukd ESpaf ,mufv;Hk MunfUaeNyD;rS olu..usKyfv,
G f
tdwfxJu av;cGufawmU...[kum;ponf/

nf/
]tJ't
D aMumif;vJ ndKUtarudjk yefajymNyD;ygNyD/ tE&m,fukd ckczH Udk yJqw
dk m}
oloufjyif;omcsae\/ 'Dwcg &xm;qku
d &f if tazygvmr,f? taruvn;f? xif;pnf;
awG vSn;f eJUoGm;wku
d af ew,f? awmfMumjyefvmawmUrSm 'gawmif tbarmifeUJ tyfomG ;ao;w,f/ ndK
u tbarmifudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymxm;vkdU/...[k ndKtoday;onf/
][kwv
f m;..tbarmifu usKyfukd b,fvjdk rifovJ}
ndKcsucf si;f rajzyJ ZvDzm;wk;H ay: uyfnadS eonfU &Guaf jcmufrsm;udk wkww
f acsmif;jzihf wGe;f
csae\/ olwUdk eSpaf ,muf aea&mifus&mzuf ausmaf y; ZvDzm;wk;H ay: xkid af ejcif;jzpfonf/
]tbarmifudk ndKajymxm;w,f? ukad zaomif;[m &ky&f iS f o&kyaf qmifwa,mufygvkUd }
[m...[k ola&&GwfNyD; ndKtm;em;rvnfovkd vSnfUMunfUonf/
][kww
f ,f..ol o&kyaf qmifae&wJU tcef;[m iSuu
f av;waumiftjzpfyJ / 'gayr,fU
o&kyaf qmif&wm MumawmU yifyef;NyD; cPwjzKwef m;csiaf ew,f/ Zmwfvrf;xJu b0udak rUNyD; yuwd
twkid ;f aecsif em;csiaf ew,f/ tJ'v
D dk em;cGi&hf wJU tcsed af &muf&if 'g&ku
d w
f mu ray;em;yJ quf&u
dk cf idk ;f
w,f/olpw
d af &m vla&m yifyef;aeNyDvUdk }
ZvDzm;wk;H tykaH y:rS ol &kwcf si;f qif; ndKUeHab; ol&yfvu
dk o
f nf/
]usKyftrlt&mawGu 'Davmufawmif tdajEysufaeNyDvm;? usKyf....}
]tJ'gawmU ndKrajymwwfb;l ? ndKxifwm rrSm;bl;vkUd awmU ndK,w
Hk ,f}
ndKESihf rsuEf mS csi;f qkid o
f &l yfvu
dk
f usaejcnfu olUrsuv
f ;Hk rsm;xJ pl;pku
d af &mufvmonf/
ol OD;xkyu
f dk iku
d if u
dk af qmif;&mrS ezl;ay:yk
d zdqcJG sum
]at;av...usKyfu,
kd w
f idk u
f vJ tpuwnf;u ody*f &kwpku
fd f raecsifvb
S ;l ? aysmfovkd
yJaeNyD; vkycf siw
f mawGqufvyk cf siw
f ,f/ tckawmU 'Dbw
l m&ku
H av;ukd usKycf ifw,
G af eNyD 'Da&tk;d pifu
a&udk aomufNyD; uwnf;uqkyd gawmU usKy'f u
D dk a&mufvmwm t"dyg ,fopfwck &Sad eovkd cHpm;&w,f/
pum;awguvnf; vk&d if;udk ra&mufb;l [k ndKu&SKUH rJUjyvsuf &SKwcf sonf/ ol&,fae\/
][kwrf ,fav? usKy'f v
D ydk J ajymcGi&hf w
dS muk;d ? usKyt
f ajctaeuku
d ndKUvkd oufoufomom
yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif; aecGirhf S r&Sw
d m/ 'gonfyif vQif usKyfb0...}
um;vrf;ay:rS auGUxif;vSn;f vmaeonfukd ndKjrifvu
dk o
f nf/ xkid &f mrS &kwu
f eJx\/
][krd mS tarvmaeNyD 'Dwcg tyf&r,fU pmtkyf tbarmifuadk y;vku
d yf g/ 'Dvcdk sn;f yJ iSuf
vkv
d .dk ..av;cGorm;vkv
d dk tarwkUd jrifae&if ndKeJUpum;ajymzkUd rjzpfeKd ifawmUbl;}
&kyH idk Bf uD; tdrzf ufajy;xGuo
f mG ;aom olraemufausmwGif qHprsm;axG;ueJ vSKyf&r;fvu
dk f
ygoGm;MuonfrmS olUtm;vufjyeKwq
f ufomG ;onfoUdk olem;vnfvu
dk \
f / bmyJjzpfjzpf ywf0ef;usiEf iS hf
uif;r&onfU vlom;b0\ vGwv
f yfciG t
hf aMumif; 'Dn olpOf;pm;rnf/
________________________________________________________
awm&ausmif;jyefa&mufNyD; olb,frS rxGufawmUbJ Nidrfukwfaevkduf onf/
OD;av;atmifa&mufvmNy;D [k[
d 'dk 'D D odyrf oGm;eJU vlawGeUJ odwrf &SKwef UJ tajctaeraumif;ao;bl;? rif;tdru
f kd
vmvmNyD; rsuEf mS pdr;f awG vmpkpH rf;aeMuw,f [k owif;ay;\/

]usaemfU oli,fcsi;f awG jzpfrmS yg ..tarwkUd rodvUdk aevdrUf r,f}

]'gawmU igvJ rodb;l ? rif;tareJU tpfru bmudk rqko
d o
H ,eJU ylyefae&w,f? 'gudrk if;
iJUnSmOD;? rif;vkycf siw
f m vkycf UJ Ny;D Ny}D
rNyD;ao;bl; OD;av;atmif [k oljyefajymcsiaf omfvnf; rajymjzpfcUJ / igvnf; cPcPr
vmedKib
f ;l ? rif;yku
d q
f u
H dk MunfUok;H uG tajctaeukd apmifMh unfUaeOD;[k rSmNyD; q&mawmfukd OD;csum OD;
av;atmif jyefomG ;cJUonf/
olUtajctaeum; awm&ausmif;okdU a&mufumpES,fyif a,mifcsmcsmjyefjzpfcJUjyef\/
ykq
d ;dk onfu olcifw,
G rf Nd yDjzpfaom awmblwmav;twGuf olajzrqnfeKd ifovkd ae&jcif;yif/
_________________________________________________
tazu orD;ud,
k yHk gw,f? 'gayr,fU pdwrf cswmawmU &Sw
d ,f/[ktazajymcJUNyD;NyD/ olvl
aumif;wa,mufyg taz? cifp&maumif;w,fqw
dk m ndK&k;d &k;d yJ ajym0HUygw,f[k ndKaxmufcaH y;&ko
H m
wwfeKd icf UJ onf/
ndK\tazonf aq;wHudk rD;nd&S if; aEGn avajy&vk&d jim; NyKwif;0odUk oGm;&yfae\/ rD;
ylx;dk NyD;aom t0wfrsm;udk pD&&D if; ndKvnf;tjyifbuf arQmMf unfUrdonf/ ukuKd yifBuD;yif t&Gurf vSKyf
Nidro
f ufae\/ tarSmifxx
k rJ S avajyvm; av&kK;vm;? ud,
k af &mifBuD;rjrifbJ arQmMf unfU&onfrmS a&
&mrSKuif;vSonf[k ndKawG;aerd\/ odkUwap....
ra[mfo"mtrwfBuD;[m td;k xde;f onfqrD mS bmvkUd wynfUoGm;cHNyD; ZmwfNrKyfaecJUwmvJ
taz[k ndKaumufumiifum ar;vku
d o
f nf/tazauseyfpmG NyHK;aeao;\/ jyLwif;ayguftjyif navxk
xJ aq;wHaiGUrsm;xkwfvkdufNyD;rS ...
at;at;...ndKUudt
k azwkUd u uav;wa,mufvdk pdwrf csvdUk w[JU[JUeJU rxde;f aumif;
ygbl;? t&m&mudk owdeUJ ,SONf yD; jyKral jymqkv
d yk u
f ikd yf g[kom tajzay;\/
a':wifwifonf rD;ylxJ rD;aoG;topfjznfUae&mrS 'DrSm.....[k pum;ponf/
]wcgu arsmufwaumif[m awm&ausmif;em;rSmae&if; w&m;tm;xkww
f UJ yk*Kd vfawGyg;
pyfu 'ku 'kuv
Udk a&&Gwaf eMuwm em;rvnfeKd iv
f Udk q&mawmfukd oGm;ar;avQmufw,f}
ndKonf tarUvufxu
J rD;ylBuD;xufraygUaom pum;Oyrmjzihf ndKUacgif;udk xkcsawmU
rnf[k BudKem;vnfvsuf NyHK;apmifBh udKae&onf/
'DawmU q&mawmfu at;...'kuu
o
dk cd sif&if aemufaeUvmcJUvkUd csde;f NyD; *keH t
D w
d x
f J tpm
rauR;yJxm;wJU acG;qk;d waumifxnfUcsnaf y;xm;vku
d w
f ,f/ aemufwaeU arsmufvmawmU uJ rif;odcsif
wJU 'ku 'Dtw
d x
f rJ mS &Sw
d ,f? 'gayr,fU 'gudk opfyifr&Sw
d UJ uGi;f jyifxu
J srS zGiMhf unfUvkUd rSmowJU/ arsmuf
vnf; tdwBf uD;udk ro,feKd iaf wmU '&Gww
f u
dk q
f NJG yD; ,lomG ;&wmaygU/ txJu acG;b,favmufa'gojzpf
aervJ nnf;pOf;pm;MunfU ?uGi;f jyifxaJ &mufrS BudK;vnf;ajzMunfUa&m a'goxGuaf ewJU acG;em..opf
yifay: ajy;wufp&mr&Sw
d UJ arsmuf nnf;rsupf x
d jJ rifatmifMunfU? tJ'v
D dk 'kuu
v
dk ufawGUusus odcsif
wJU arsmuftwGuf ajymjy&keH UJ rvkaH vmufb;l jzpfaewm/

tarUpum;tay: ndo
k abmuspGmyif vku
d &f ,faecJUonf/
tarum;rD;aoG;cJrsm; avmufpmaumif;&ef ,yfcyfay;aeonf/ ndKMunfU aumufum
iifum odUk ajymav\/
]vlawGu aEGnylvv
S Udk at;&mat;aMumif; &Smae&w,f/ rD;ylBuD;uawmU aEGtyludk em;
rvnfwUJ tjyif at;rSmpd;k vkUd rD;,yfxUJ ay;ae&ao;w,faemf}
_________________________________--awmblwmav; aendKcsed f ola&mufcUJ jyefonf/
a&wrSKwfcyfaomufNyD;onfUwkid f tarmrajyao;ovkd jzpf&jcif;rSm aEGnaeaMumifah wmU
r[kww
f ef&m/ aejcnfapmif; rD;qvku
d x
f ;dk ovkd usaecsed f bJausmif;om; armif;ESi&f m woDwwef;BuD;
csv
D maom bJtyk u
f kd ai;&onfUt&om &xm;vrf;ay:rS ausmufcrJ sm;ay: trSKu
d o
f &ku
d t
f csKUd vl;vm
acgufwUHk avESiw
f idk ;f vdrUf aeonfujkd rif&onfU t&om? atmfoH ac:oHrsm;Mum;rS uav;wkUd ajy;vTm;aps;
a&mif;&efvmMuykH? jrif;eufBuD;tarmUqkdUovkd 0ifvmaom pmydkU&xm;acgif; olUtwGuf tm;vkH;jrif&
Mum;&ygvQuf rjynfUpk/H
ndKonf 'efUovGeo
f ;D rsm;cl;ae&mrS olUtm;arQmMf unfUae\/
b,fuvmvkUd b,fvv
dk v
l q
J w
kd m rajym&if usrwdUk 'DxufyUdk vkUd r&bl;[k olrajymcsiaf eo
vm; / olUzmomem;vnfvu
dk o
f nf/ awmblwmav;zufyif oljyefai;aevku
d \
f /
ndKraeedKifonfU wnaewGif a&tk;d pifukd a&jznfU&if;teD;rSm ikww
f w
k x
f idk af eaom olU
tm;rMunfUyJ pum;wcGe;f pvku
d \
f /
]bmvkUd 'Davmuf0efav;aewmvJ? pmtkyaf wG rzwfcsib
f ;l vm;}
oluvnf OD;xkyaf ysmUzwfzwfukd cgwkid ;f vkd iku
d if u
dk af qmif;xkid v
f suf ndKtm;vSnUf rMunfU/
]pmrsuEf mS ay:u pmawGuv
kd nf; zwfcsiw
f ,f? vlwa,muf rsuEf mS ay:u tu&mrygwJU
t"dyg ,fawGuv
kd nf; bmomjyefMunfUcsiw
f ,f/ aeapmif;vkUd raomuf&ao;wJU t&uform;xuf usKyf
tae&cufaeygw,f}
ndK olUtm;&,fvnf;&,fcsif pdwv
f nf;r&Sncf siaf wmU/ 'kuq
w
dk m eKwcf rf;arT;xlvyspBf uD;
eJU rSKeu
f w
k u
f w
k v
f w
l a,muf xHrmS b,foUkd &edKirf vJ[o
k rl pOf;pm;aerd\/ okUd aomf aomufa&jznfUNyD;
olrjyefvmcJU\/ olpw
d yf suv
f ufysujf yefomG ;jyefonf/
tawG;pkjH zihf &SKyfaxG;aemufMunfUaejcif;aMumifh olUaemufrmS wpkw
H a,mufaemufa,mif
cH vku
d v
f monfuykd if owdrjyKrdyJ awm&ausmif;txd idu
fk pf u
dk af vQmufomG ;rdonf/
___________________________________________
]..........................................wa,mmufxJ
nnf;aiGUae&w,f/ jzpfeikd &f if tquftoG,v
f yk af pcsiw
f ,f/ b,foal wG b,frmS &Sv
d J igvnf;rodb;l ?

bl;?
rif;wkUd odorQ pkpH rf;ay;yg/ igwkUd 'Dtwkid ;f aevdUk vnf; a&&Snrf mS jzpfrmS r[kwb
f ;l ? xyfvKS y&f mS ;&OD;rSmyJ/'g
aMumifh 'Dpm&&jcif; igwkUd tzGUJ awG jyefpx
k m;Muyg/ igaemufwapmifxyfa&;OD;r,f/ tJ'u
D s&if igUukad wGU
edKifr,fUae&m
iga&;ay;vkdufygr,f...........................................
....tck igUemrnfazaomif;vkdUyJ rif;wkdUokH;pGJMuyg/...../
olUpmudk tqk;H owfNyD; tdwx
f yJ w
d af cgif;uyfonf/
&Hzef&HcgrS awm&ausmif;okdU vmwwfaom bkef;BuD;ausmif; om;av;tm; rkefUzkd;ay;
pmxnfUckid ;f &efpOf;pm;ae\/
_______________________________________
]ra&mufwmvnf; MumNyDb&k m;/ wynfUawmftvkyrf sm;aevkUd owd&vsuf rvmedKiyf gbl;}
OD;a&Tcif vSKbG,0f wKrsm;jzifh uefawmU&if; q&mawmftm;avQmufonf/ tvku
d t
f xku
d f
{nfUcHaeaom q&mawmftm; ausmif;xJrSm vli,fwa,muft&ifu rjrifbl;ygvm;...?q&mawmUf
ausmif;rSm aeaewmvm;bk&m;[k ar;vku
d \
f /
q&mawmfrSm tdajEyifrysuf at;...igeJUruif;&mruif;aMumif;xJuyJ [komjyefrdefU
onf/ awmuvm;bk&m;[k ar;aomfvn;f olUrdbawG cPvmxm;Muwmyg/ vlaumif;yg[komajzonf/
____________________________________________
OD;a&Tcif jyefajymjycsuu
f dk a':wifwif rsuaf rSmifusKH Uem;axmifaeonf/
q&mawmfu,
kd w
f idk u
f a&a&&m&mrodwmvm;? rajymcsiv
f Ukd vm;[k a&&Twv
f suf ndKUzuf
vSnfUMunfUonf/ ndKum;tm;rvdktm;r& em;axmifae&mrS ...wckckawmU vsKdU0Sufcsifaewm trSefyJ
[kem;vnfr\
d /
&ufyidk ;f twGi;f xl;jcm;csuu
f ndK\odvpdk w
d u
f dk yd
k edK;qGonf/ taES;&xm;ay:rS qif;vm
aomvlepS af ,mufEiS hf udak zaomif;wdUk blwmteD;u vbuf&nfqidk rf mS aeUw0ufe;D yg;acgif;csi;f qkid &f u
dk f
aeMujcif;yif/ ndKonf jcH0if;xJrS tm;rvkt
d m;r&acsmif;MunfUaeNyD; olwUdk tzGUJ ukuKd yifBuD;aemufzufomG ;
MuykH awm&ausmif;bufomG ;&mvrf;ukd azaomif;u Tejf yaeyk?H [ked m;avsmuf 'Dem;avsmufEiS hf blwm
w0ku
d w
f iG o
f m pum;ajym&if; tcsed jf zKef;MuNyD;rS naepmykUd &xm;tjyef olwUdk jyefygoGm;Muonf/
azaomif;vufxJ xk{d nfUonfEpS Of ;D ay;cJUonfU txkyrf sm;wayGUwyku
d jf zihf auseyfpmG jyef
oGm;onfukd ndKjcHpnf;&k;d Mum;rS acsmif;MunfU usecf UJ &\/
_____________________________________________
ya[#dreS v
f sif tajz&S&d pNrJ[k ndK,o
Hk nf/l
wu,fwrf;usawmU oJveG pf udk &Smwke;f urawGU? r&SmyJ cvkww
f u
dk rf S wJUwJUwk;d rSe;f od&
NyD; &ifxw
fd o
f zJ q
kd efqef ndKcpH m;vku
d &f \/

&\/
{NyDvqef;NyDrUkd oBuFew
f iG ;f pwk'o
D mauR;&eftpDtpOf twGuf ndKwUdk tdraf &SUzuf&dS &GmxJ
rS tysKd acgif;aqmif rcifat;a&mufvmonf/ ndKxHrS tvSLaiGaumuf&if; tpDtpOf ajym&if; [kad &muf
onfa&muf pum;ajymaejzpf\/
]rrat;wkUd ausmif; b,fawmUjyefziG rhf mS vJ}
]raMuNimao;ygbl;[m MumOD;r,fxifwmyJ jyemu....}
rcifat; pum;rqk;H bJ yg;pyfta[mif;om;jzihf ukuKd yifbufMunfU&if; [JU...[k a&&Gwf
um aocsmatmif rsuv
f ;Hk yGwo
f yfMunfUae\/
udak zaomif;onf ol0wfqifaeus taqmifta,mifrsm;ESiyhf if blwmrSma&mif;aom pm
apmiftcsKd Uudk vSeaf vSmMunfUaeonfukd awGU&onf/
]rrat;...olUudkodvkdUvm;}
]at;[UJ...wlawmUwlw,f aeOD; ?eKwfcrf;arT;BuD;eJU [JU..[kwfygNyD? olub,fvkd...
'D u k d a &muf . ...}
rcifat; pum;rsm;jywfawmif; ?jywfawmif; jzifh tHUMopGmai;pku
d af e\/ ukad zaomif; pm
apmifwck0,foGm;NyD;? ukudKyifuG,f&mzuf idkufpkdufpkdufxGufoGm;rS...
][kww
f maygU aocsmk NyD MunfUprf;? igu olygoGm;NyDatmufarUaewm}
ndK\ odvpdk w
d u
f dk uvdx;dk aeovkd &Sv
d m rrat; wkUd ausmif;uvm;[k tarmwaum
ar;vku
d o
f nf/ at;[kww
f ,f? igwkUd eJU bmomwlwyl J tcef;awmUrwlb;l [kajzonf/
]olUemrnf udak zaomif;qk}d
][kwv
f m; ...igemrnfawmUb,ford vJ ?'gayr,fU vlawmUodygw,f? tm;upm;yGaJ wG
rSm b,fu0Dpu
D dk ,lvmNyD; wwDwrD KS wfaerSe;f rodb;l ? vufawGUcrf;xJrmS vnf; tjrJaqmUaewm...
aMomf igu olygoGm;NyrD w
S v
f Ukd }
]bmygwmvJ rrat;&JU}
ndKtar;aMumifh rcifat; [kw
d aMumif; 'DwaMumif; ZmwfaMumif;jyef&if; ndKuu
G u
f u
G u
f iG ;f
uGi;f aemufcpH um;ajymESihf &ky&f iS jf yuGuv
f jdk rifvmonf/
][kw
d avmu ausmif;rSm &kw&f w
k f &kw&f w
k f jzpfw,fr[kwv
f m;? tJ'goluzk;d wuf<uvkyf
aewm ?igwkUd taqmifbufawmif vmac:ao;w,f/ igaMumufvUdk awmU rvku
d &f b
J ;l ? vufuikd yf 0k gawG
awmU pkNyD;ay;vku
d yf gw,f/
xko
d Udk ajymNyD; rcifat; wpkw
H ckowd& [JU..igtm;ay;wm b,forl S rodapeJUOD; awmf
Mum igygtpGcJ aH e&OD;r,f[k xdwv
f efUpGmeKwyf w
d \
f / ndK&,f pdwcf syg rrat;&JU [k uwday;vdu
fk &f onf/
l
udak zaomif;qko
d w
l Udk ausmif;0if;xJvn
S Uf ykH tkwcf aHk y:wuf w&m;a[mykw
H Udk udk ndKrsupf d
xJ rrat;ajymorQ jrifa,mifvm\/ uefpyfrmS twD;cH&NyD; aemufwaeU ausmif;0if;xJow
l Ukd jyefa&muf
vmao;w,f ydwNf yD;qGo
J mG ;awmU olygoGm;NyDatmufarUaewm MunfUprf; olausmif;0if;tjyifrmS vnf;
tJ'gawGvu
dk v
f yk af eao;w,f/ vufpoyfawmU uk,
d af wmfacsmu 'Duv
kd ma&SmifaewmyJ jzpf&r,f[k

wxpfcsajymae\/
xdeUf vefUjcif;Mum;rSyif ndKb0ifusomG ;NyDjzpfonf/
tdraf &SUwHcg;0rS acgif;NyL vdu
k Mf unfUaeao;aom rcifat;yck;H tm;ykw
f
]rrat;...b,forl S rajymeJUaemf? ol'u
k a &mufygr,f}
]tdk...bmvkdUajym&rvJ? igwkdUtwlwlyJOpm...}
xko
d Udk rcifat;ajymNyD; olb,f&mG vmaeovJrodb;l aemf todaqGrsK;d awGqv
D maew,fxif
w,f/ pojzifh awG;qajymajymae\/rrat; rodcsiaf ,mifaqmifae? 'Dem;rSm rrat;wkUd ausmif;u w
jcm;vlvJ &Sw
d mr[kwb
f ;l ? awmfMum rrat;udk awGUvkUd olvefUNyD; xGuaf jy;oGm;OD;r,f[k ndKowday;\/
igpOf;pm;aewm[k rcifat;jyefajymonf/
]igolUudk tm;ay;vkduf&if aumif;rvm;vkdU ?udk,fUwausmif;xJ om;csif;vnf;jzpfw,f/
uk,
d Uf &yf&mG rSma&mufaewmvJjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fU ndKajymovkd olvefUNyD; xyfajy;ae&OD;r,f? wu,f
awmU 'DrmS aewmaumif;w,f/}
]ndKMunfUvkyv
f u
dk rf ,f? rrat;tomaevku
d f ndKeUJ olpum;enf;enf;ajymzl;ygw,f? ol
oem;p&mawmUaumif;w,f/ odyyf si;f aewm? tazmfvnf;r&Sb
d ;l ? pmzwfcsiaf wmUvnf; tcufBuHKaew,f}
wqufwnf; ndKUrdbrsm;oabmxm;udyk g ndKajymjyvku
d o
f nf/
rcifat; acgif;ndrUf at;aumif;w,f? igaemufaeUvmcJUOD;r,f ndKMunfUNyD; olUudak jym
xm;vku
d [
f k oabmwlonf/
aemufwaeU aendKcsed af wmblwmav;okUd ola&mufvmjyefonf/ pmyk;H xJ pmwapmifxnfU
NyD; ZvDzm;wk;H ykaH y: ikww
f w
k x
f idk
f blwmav; jrifuiG ;f tm; ai;MunfUaejyef\/
&xm;oHvrf;ay:wGif wHvyS cf ;dk rsm; w&Sed ;f &Sed ;f xaeonf/ uav;wzGUJ rSm oMuFerf usao;
aomfvnf; a&>ywfrsm;jzifh tcsi;f csi;f uspD ,fyufupm;&if; ajy;vTm;aeMu\/ oHvrf;ay:a&usomG ;wkid ;f
tck;d taiGUrsm; xGuv
f monfukd ola0&D&D rsuv
f ;Hk rsm;jzifo
h m ai;MunfUae\/
ndKolUukd MunfU oem;Muifempdwrf sm; &ifxw
J ;dk a0SUa&mufvm\/ aMomfro
d m;pk taygif;
tazmfawGeiS hf a0;NyD; oltxD;useaf e&&SmwmyJ wzufuvn;f b,fuay:vmrSe;f rodwUJ tE&m,fudk
awG;ae&ao;? bmrS rjynfUpkw
H UJ awm&ausmif;rSm oljzpfovkad eaewmyJ [korl em;vnfvu
kd \
f /
a&SUwnfUwnfUai;ae&mrS olUrsuv
f ;Hk a&SU qHprsm;waxG;BuD;0Jusvm olvn
S Uf MunfUvku
d f
onf/xl;jcm;aom tNyHK;wckjzifh olUtm;ikUH MunfUaeonfU ndKUrsu0f ef;ndKrsm;ESihf &ifqidk v
f u
dk &f \/
]ysi;f aeNyDvm;? [knKd uw&if;wES;D MuifempGmar;onf/ olUtMunfUudv
k NJG yD; b,fvadk r;vku
d f
wmvJAsm? aeapmif;&if azaomif; raewwfb;l [k yuwdNiD;aiGU rGe;f usyo
f jH zifh ajz\/
]raeUu vlwcsKd Uvmar;oGm;w,f? 'Dem;rSm aumvdyaf usmif;om;wa,muf vmyke;f aew,f
rawGUbl;vm;wJU}
ndKUpum;aMumifh oltvefUwMum;armUMunfUNyD; OD;xkyu
f kd zdqcJG sum qwfueJx&yfonf/
][kwv
f m;? b,foal wGvJ b,frmS vJ}

v} J
ndK ykid yf idk ef Kd ief Kd iNf yHK;onf/ avta0UrSm qHE,
G &f n
S w
f Udk ,dr;f ueJvKS ycf gygoGm;aom xkrd ed ;f
uav;onf olUtm;xdeUf vefUwMum;jzpfaprnfU owif;qk;d ukd bmaMumif,
h cl UJ &ygvdrUf /
]ndK ajymvdu
k w
f ,fav? ukad zaomif;qkw
d UJ eKwcf rf;arT;twkBuD;eJU awmom;BuD;wa,muf
awmU &Sw
d ,fvUdk }
]bmAs...usKyfeKwfcrf;arT;twkr[kwb
f ;l ? tppfAsm 'DrmS MunfU }
ol&KS ;&SK;&Sm;&Sm;jzpfomG ;NyD; eKwcf rf;arT;udk vufjzihf wtm;qGjJ yonf/ oabmuspmG &,fvu
dk f
aom ndKU rsufESmtm; ol rausrcsrf;MunfU...bmvkdUusKyfudk ajymvdkuf&wmvJ ...usKyfoGm;awmU
r,f? aemufb,fawmUrS rvmawmUbl;? olwUdk ukv
d nf; tvum;aemufwmygvkUd ajymvku
d f usKyrf awGU
csib
f ;l [k bkqwfqwfajymum olxu
G o
f mG ;onf/
ukuKd yifBuD;aemufbuf ola&mufomG ;NyD; awm&ausmif;zufjyefrnfUvrf;zuf olavQmuf
onftxd ndKwcpfcpf&,fvsuf aemufuvkdufoGm;onf/ olrvkHrvJ vSnfUMunfU&if; ndKUtm;awGU
usKyaf emufrvku
d ef UJ ? bmrSrygwfoufyg&apeJU[k atmfvw
G o
f nf/
]rvku
d yf gbl;av/ awm&ausmif;rSm &Sw
d ,fvUdk owif;ay;vku
d &f ifNyD;wmyJ}
tHUMojcif;ru tHUMo olbmjyefajym&rSe;f rod/
vSnUf jyefajcvSr;f rsm; wefUoGm;NyD; ndKtm; wap o&Jvdk olMunfUaeonf/ pcsiaf emufcsif
pdwftm; oem;pdwfu zkH;vTrf;tedKif,loGm; ndK olUtm; tm;ay;onfU tNyHK;jzifh ....
]vm ...'Dem;rSm vl&yd ef nf;enf;uG,w
f ,f/ ndKajymwmem;axmif bmrS raMumufeUJ }
ol rvm0HUao;? ndKtm; aeUcif;aMumifawmifajcmufaom o&JrES,yf if olxifaeyk&H onf/
rsuv
f ;Hk rsm;0kid ;f puf rsuaf wmifrcwfMunfUaeao;\/
]vmav...'DrmS pdwaf t;at;xm;NyD;xkid f ndKajymwmem;axmif}
ndKajymwmem;axmif[al om pum;onfyif olem;xJ olU&ifxJ yJUwifxyfNyD; vGeq
f efr&
aom trdeUf ES,jf zpfomG ;\/ a&td;k pifEiS hf ausmb
f uf ukuKd yiftuG,w
f iG f olarmyef;pGm xkid v
f u
dk o
f nfUwkid f
pdwv
f KS yf&mS ;rSK rjy,fao;aMumif; ndKaocsmjrifoad e&\/ olUeHab;yif ndK0ifxidk f /
]pdwaf t;at;xm;yg? ndK b,foUl rS rajymygbl;}
oloufjyif;rcs0HUao;? ndKUudv
k mar;wm t&yfvBl uD;awGvm;..&JawGvm;? [kt
d aumif
awGvm;[k tarmwaumar;aeao;\/ ndK jiifomacgif;,rf;jyonfukd awGUrS oltwefi,foufom
&m&ovkjd zpfomG ;&onf/ &ifxrJ mS [ke;f ueJawmufaeaom rD;awmufBuD;um; t&Sed rf aoedKifao;/
]ukad zaomif;wkUd eJU ausmif;rSm bmom&yftwl,w
l UJ rcifat;uko
d v
d m;}
]olacgif;,rf;\/ rodb;l Asm bmawGvJ usKy&f ifyal ew,f[k yGiv
hf if;pGm 0efcv
H u
dk \
f / ndK
tcsed rf qkid ;f awmUbJ jzpfpOfukd aocsmjyefajymvku
d o
f nf/
]'gqk&d if tJ'D rcifat;qkw
d m awGUoGm;NyDaygU ?oloo
d mG ;NyDaygU}
olvSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm;jyefjzpfvmaomfvnf; ckeuavmuf aqmufwnf&mr& rjzpfawmU..
]tJ'gudk rylygeJU rrat;u tm;ay;wJUvlyJ b,foGm;wkdif&rvJ ...udkazaomif;bmawG

qufvkyfvdkU 'Dtxd ajy;vmcJU&vJqkdwmom ndKUudkajymjyygvm;....bmvkdUtdrfrSmrae&JawmUwmvJ

ndKoyd rf &Si;f bl;}
ol,ckrS oufjyif;csonf/ rsufESmrS acR;ap;rsm;udk vG,ftdwfBudK;jzifh yGwfoyf&if;....
tdrrf mS aevkUd rjzpfawmUbl; [ktpcso
D nf/
________________________________
aemufwaeU ausmif;0if;xJ ola&mufcsed f raeUu tzrf;rcH&olrsm; jyefppk nf;rdMuNyD; tyrf;
ajzcrf;rxJ wkid yf ifaeMuonf/ raeUuvkyd if tjyifjyefxu
G Of ;D rnf[k MuHK;0g;olu BuHK;0g;\/ olum;..
vufuidk yf pdk wma&;qG&J ef vSn;f wef;aps;xJomG ; puLaq;rsm;0,f&ef xGucf UJ \/
yku
d q
f v
H u
kd t
f vSKcH&if; Mumaeonf/ wjcm;ausmif;rS tzGUJ rsm;ESihf tjyefrmS wkid yf if&if; aps;
xJrS oljyefvmawmU ausmif;udt
k jyifu 0kid ;f ydwNf yD;NyDjzpfonf/ 0ifr&awmU / rMumrDyif txJrS tzGUJ
rsm;udk ydw
f ac:aqmifomG ;onfukd jrifcUJ &onf/
olrausrcsr;f jzihf tdrjf yefvmNyD; &yfuu
G x
f rJ S vli,frsm;udpk o
k nf/ xkpd Ofyif olUvSKy&f mS ;rSK
rsm; w&yfuu
G v
f ;Hk oduek Nf yD[
l vnf;aumif; ausmif;rSm olvKS yf&mS ;cJUorQawGUjrifcUJ olrsm; jyefajym &yf
uGu&f ;Hk rSmyif olUemrnfukd rSwo
f m;NyD;NyD[
l vnf;aumif; olMum;&onf/
xkn
d tdrrf mS olrtdyyf J rsuaf pmif;xk;d tdrrf mS wdww
f qdwf oltyd &f efBuHonf/ olUrdbrsm;
aqmufwnf&mr& ylyefNyD; oifah wmf&mykUd &ef pDrMH u\/rsu&f nfEiS hf tikEd iS hf wtdro
f m;vk;H jzpfaeMuNyDrUdk
olrjiif;qefyJ pDr&H memcHvu
dk &f awmUonf/
awm&ausmif;q&mawmfxH 'g,umwOD;jzpfol OD;av;atmifu.........
]ausmif;rSm &kw&f w
k f &kw&f w
k x
f J olygaevkUd bk&m;..ausmif;vJyw
d v
f u
dk Nf yD tJ'gqufNyD;
&Snaf usmaerSmpd;k vkUd olwa,mufxJ at;at;aevkUd &r,fU ae&mykUd xm;zkUd pOf;pm;wm q&mUawmUausmif;
yJ owd&w,f/ olUtdrrf mS qk&d if oli,fcsif;awG vmac:vkUd xyfygaeOD;r,f...olUrdbawGvnf; pdwEf S
vk;H ylyifaeMuvGe;f vkUd yg}
xko
d Udk avQmufwifcsut
f ay: q&mawmfu at; at;[kom cyfat;at;rdeUf NyD; 'DrmS &Sw
d m
eJUpm;NyD; at;at;aeaygU 'DrmS awmyJ at;aq;ygw,f[o
k m olUtm;ae&mcsxm;ay;cJUonf/
_____________________________________________
[if;...ueJ oufjyif;BuD;roufromcs 'ku 'ku[
k a':wifwifnnf;NyD; 'kuu
dk txkyf
xrf;NyD; zGifhMunfUwmudk;[k rSwfcsufcs\/ [m...taruvn;f [k ndKrausreyfuefUuGuf\/ bm..
taruvn;f[k a':wifwif rsufapmif;cJNyD; eifhav;av;wkef;u [k pum;jyefpum....armifazaomif;
a&aomufvu
dk Of ;D [k wku
d w
f eG ;f \/
ndK tvku
d w
f od cyfay;aom aomufa&udk olaomufvu
dk Nf yD; aemufaMumif;jyefjcif;tvkyf
NyD;qk;H oGm; oltarmajzaeonf/ a':wifwifu ndKtm; vufnKd ;xk;d jyNyD; ndKwdUk av;av;wa,muf

mu
igUarmifti,faygU olwUdk wke;f uvnf; rif;wkUd vkd 0ifygrdvUdk txJrmS tMumBuD;aecJU&ao;w,f/ jyefxu
G f
vmawmU ausmif;vJqufrwufjzpf w0ufwysuef UJ bGUJ vnf;r&bJ qk;H &SK;H oGm;wmyJ/ jzpfawmU rif;wkUd t
cHzufucsn;f yJ tJ'g'kut
xkyu
f kd ajzMunfUwm r[kwv
f Udk bmvkyw
f mjzpf&OD;rvJ [kar;onf/
ndKum;vufrcH/ waeUawmU jzpfvm&rSmaygU tar&m [k twGeUf wufaeao;\/
OD;a&Tcifu aq;wHudk wa'gufa'gufacguf aq;acs;cg&if;...'DrSmyJ aumif;ygw,f/
'Dae&m[m wu,fUawmyJ ud,
k Uf [mud,
k yf yd &d &d ad e bmrSrjzpfeKd ib
f ;l ? 'gayr,fU aps;BuD;bufawmU odyf
roGm;eJU aps;ydik ;f rSm vlpw
Hk ,f/ rif;wkUd ausmif;u todawGeUJ awGUedKiw
f ,f/ 'Dem;rSm rcifat;wa,muf
Yy&J w
dS m [kajymNyD; rif;naepmusawmU b,fvpdk m;ovJ[k ar;onf/
olonf {nfUcef;xJ&dS ndKwUdk rdom;pk "gwfyrHk sm;ukd ai;MunfUae&mrS reufuqGr;f usew
f m
&S&d ifpm;w,f/ ruse&f if uk,
d Uf [mud,
k cf suNf yD; jzpfovdyk pJ m;w,f/ 'grSr[kwf 'Dbw
l mvmNyD; [k[
d m 'D[m
av;pm;csipf m;? rpm;vnf; 'DundKxUJ xm;wJU a&td;k pifvmcyfNyD; w0aomufvu
dk w
f myJ[k ajzonf/
][m Aku
d q
f mrSmyJ [k ndK0ifar;onfukd 'Dvydk gyJ csupf m;ae&mwm tvky&f KS yw
f ,f[o
k m
oljyefajz\/ twefMumpOf;pm;aeNyD;rS OD;a&Tcifu
]t&ifu igwkUd qGr;f ykUd aeusu?G q&mawmfu jynfUpkaH ew,fqv
dk Udk rydUk jzpfwmMumNyD/ at;
av reufyidk ;f ndKukd qGr;f tykUd ckid ;f vku
d rf ,f/ aeUvnfqrG ;f aygUuGm...ydx
k nfUay;vdu
k rf ,f naerif;twGuf
useaf tmif}
][mrvkyfeJUOD;av;.....'kur&SmygeJU}
olUpum;aMumifh ndKw[m;[m;&,fonf/ olem;rvnfovkad jymae ndKu 'ku& mS aom
arsmufwaumifyjHk yifukd ajymjyvku
d \
f / oltm;yg;w&&,f tckryS J usaemftm;&yg;& &,f&w,f/
wa,mufxJ aigifpif;pif;BuD;ae&wmMumNyD[k zGi[
hf \ /
]at;av .. rif;vJ rdom;pkeUJ a0;ae&awmh ...}
a':wifwif pum;rqH;k bJ onftwdik ;f xm;cJo
h nf / olu [kwyf gw,f ? tckrS tdru
f kd
jyefa&mufovdk aEG;oGm;wmbJ[k xyfajymae\ /
ndKum; olYpum;ESihf trl,mtm; wpdrphf rd Mhf unfv
h suf /
________

________

________

________

]tif;,m;uefrw
S v
f Ykv
d m; ? qif;ul;aewm }
awm&ausmif;taemuf&dS acsmif;pyfwiG f pku
d x
f m;aom r'rwkid rf sm;Mum; tke;f vuf&o
dS rQ
nSyu
f mNyD; &ifacgif;cefUeufonfU a&xJ jyefu;l vmaom oltm;urf;ay:rS ndKu vSr;f atmfeKwq
f ufjcif;
jzpfonf/
]r[kwb
f ;l urf;yg;NydKNydKaevdUk ?wmzkUd aewmav qGr;f ydUk wmaemufusvcS snv
f m; q&mawmf
awmU rodb;l ? ausmif;om;awmU tawmfUudq
dk maeNyD}

eNyD}
ndKu qGr;f csKd iu
hf adk jrSmufjy&if; trsm;BuD;zdxnfUvmw,f? [if;uawmU raumif;vSygbl;
[kajym\/'gta&;rBuD;bl;? apwemyg&if [if;aumif;wmyJ usKyfubmrqkd.....}
olUpum;rqk;H cif ndKu ndKUudk usKyu
f sKyef UJ rajymprf;ygeJU? em;xJ pdr;f pdr;f BuD; ndKUtudBk uD;
t&G,af vmuf&w
dS myJ[k wm;jrpfonf/
oltm;yg;w& NyHK;um &TUH a&xJrS wufvm&if; [kww
f ,f uk,
d af v tck 'DawmrSmaysmw
f ,f
rysi;f awmUbl? Mumcsio
f avmufMumyJ [k 0rf;omtm;& owif;ay;\/
]a&csKd ;vku
d f &GUH awGpifatmif csKd ; ndKqrG ;f csKd iw
hf ufuyfvu
dk Of ;D r,f}
xko
d Udk rSmNyD; ausmif;ay:ndKwufomG ;onfEiS hf ola&csKd ;uefoUdk ajy;onf/olwAGr;f AGr;f avmif;
csKd ;NyD; rsuEf mS okw&f ef ykq;dk a[mif;wxnfukd vSr;f qG\
J /
][if 'gBu;D eJU okwrf mS vm; rsuEf mS okwyf 0k grygbl;vm;}
b,fygrvJ awmfveS af &;umvrSm 'gawGrvkyd gbl;[k olajz&if; acgif;udo
k w
k af eonf/
ndKonf ausmif;ay:rS vSr;f MunfU&if; em;&Guaf emfurSm &GUH awGeUJ aocsmajymxm;wJUMum;
u pifatmifrcsKd ;wwfb;l [k qlyal e\/ ol a[;a[;[k &,fvQuf jzpfovkd okwyf pfvu
dk o
f nf/
A&kwo
f u
k a ewwfaom olUtm;MunfU&if; ndKpw
d yf suv
f aS omfvnf;? aygUyg;&Tiv
f ef;oGm;
onfU olUtrlt,mrsm;ckrS awGU& prf;a&at;aomuf&ovkd cHpm;&\/ uGr;f oD;yifay:rS &SnUf ndKuav;
rsm; [ku
d idk ;f onfuikd ;f ul;um wwpfwpf wwufwufatmfjrnfjrL;wl;aeMu\/ ndKu [krd mS MunfUprf;
odyv
f Qiw
f myJ[k Gejf yonf/
ol qyfjymcGuo
f rd ;f ae&mrS [m'Daumifav; uk,
d ef UJ &if;ES;D aeNy?D ndKMunfUae[kajymum yg;pyfrS
&SnUf atmfovkd wpfwpf wufwufjrnfatmif toHjyKjyonf/
vTm;ueJ udik ;f ul;oGm;aom &SOUf uav;rSm olUtoHMum; tNrS;D uav;axmifNyD; vSnUf MunfU
ae\/ ndKoabmuspmG aygUaygUyg;yg; &,fvu
dk o
f nf/
]zrf;vkUd r&zl;vm;}
]wcgrSawmU zrf;rMunfUzl;bl;..ajray:awmif wcgwavrSqif;wm ud,
k v
f J odyt
f onf;
,m;w,f MunfUygvm; tNr;D uvSKyw
f yk f vSKyw
f yk ef UJ }
q&mawmfonf ausmif;ay:rSqif;oGm;aom ndKtm;Munf&h if; udck ifa&TorD;eJYawmif
&if;eD;d NyD;aeygvm; ? ighaumif b,favmufajcayGovJqw
kd mMunf[
h k wud,
k w
f nf; awG;aerd\ /
ndK 'Dausmif;udk t&if cPcPa&mufaeom;yJ / 'gayrJh wa,mufxq
J akd wmh aqmhvYkd
raumif;bl;[k ajymonf / ol wef;ay:vSr;f xm;aom pGyu
f s,u
f kd ,lpyG &f if; [kwv
f m; .. at; tckawmh
wdYk awGUMuNyDav[k 0rf;yef;wom wHYkjyefonf /
atmufzuf0g;ausmif;av;a&SUwGif pBuFeaf vQmufvQif rsuv
f mT csaeaomOD;yi;f tm;Munf
h
ndKutoHw;kd wd;k jzifh
][drk mS OD;yi;f wyg;&Sad o;w,f ? olu udak zaomif;taMumif; rar;bl;vm; }
]OD;av;atmif&UJ wlreS ;f awmh odwmaygh ? odyaf t;ygw,f ? olUw&m;eJUolyaJ ewm ?
ud,
k o
f mG ;NyD;pum;pajymzdUk awmif tm;emae&w,f /}

olwUkd ausmif;0if;twGi;f buf arTaESmufavQmufvmMu\ / rmvumoD; pm;csiv

f u
kd w
f m[k ndKu tyif
ay:armU&if;ylqm\/ olu&wmaygU [kajzonf/
]q&mawmfBu;D BuKd uyf gUrvm;}
][m &w,f uk,
d Uf udk BudKuw
f mcl;pm;vkUd aocsmrSmxm;NyD;om;}
ajymajymqdq
k kd olcg;awmif;BudKufNyD; rmvumyifay: wufonf / tJtJ .[dt
k udik ;f u .
[drk mS &Guyf ek ;f oD;d BuD; 0if;aewmyJ[k ndKu tyifatmufrS armhum ajczsm;ygaxmuf nTejf yonf /
'Dzd ufuvm;[kar;vdu
k f wvH;k cl;NyD;ypfay;vdu
kd Ef iS hf ol tvGeyf w
D jd zpfae\ / ndKuvnf; vufxaJ &muf
onfEiS hf *Rr;f ueJuu
kd v
f u
kd o
f nf /
][drk mS ..[drk mS t,fpwHBk uD;yJ awGUvm; rSnahf eNyD }
olr nTejf y&mvSr;f tqGJ olUtrSm;udk aemifwjzifh odvu
kd &f \ / wud,
k v
f ;kH ylxo
l mG ;NyD;
renf;owdxm;um ckecf s&if; xGuaf jy;&onf / tajctaeudk oabmaygufomG ;onfh ndKrSm trav;
aMumufygNyD[k atmf&if; a&SUrS wAke;f Ake;f OD;aqmifajy;ESiNhf yD / 0DueJ 0DueJ ysm;wyfzUJG u rausrcsr;f
'vMurf;vdu
k q
f J/
________
_________
_________
_________
q&mawmfuv
kd nf; travQmuf&?J aq;0g;[lvnf;xH;k Al;yifrS?d odUk ESiYftrd rf mS xH;k Sw
d ,fqkd
aomnkUd pum;jzifU pufb;D aemufcUkay: olwufvu
kd v
f m&if;I;I;SJ JS atmfae&onf/
a':wifwifum; armifazaomif;vnf; arsmufwaumifyJ tdru
f uGsrJ eJUbmrSrxl;bl;?
'gaMumifUigajymwmaygU 'kuu
t
kd yifay:wufmS MuwJU arsmufawGy[
J k wAspaf wmufawmufajymonf?
rsuEf mS wpfcv
k ;kH ydEo
J ;D vdk zkazmif;xGuv
f maom olUrsuEf mS tm; nkd MunfUMurf;ay:wifyviaf cGxikd af e
aom nd&k ,frqH;k /txl;ojzifU rsucf BHG uD;rdUk tpfvm&,fp&maumif;wwfonfUobm0udk ndk rvGeq
f ef
Edik b
f J &,frjd cif;yif/
]tckrS wu,ftkyaf jymif;oGm;w,f?kyzf suNf yD;ukwaf csmif;acsmif;aep&mrvdak wmUbl;} [k
ndak jymonf/olum; ud,
k Uf tjypfEiS Uf ud,
k f a':wifwif wdUk ay;urQcaH e&if;&,f&cuf rJY&cuf/
_____

__________

__________

______

vefUzsm;vm; aMumufzsm;vm;rod ysm;wkwf'gPf&mrS tem&dSefwufonfqdk&rvm;

xdn
k wGio
f zl sm;awmUonf/xdt
k cg ndu
k oifwef;qif;ump olemjyKq&mr tdu
k w
f ifjzifU aq;0g;rsm;tyg
t0ifawmufwrkd nf&rsm;ayGUum a&mufcsvmjyefonf/
wylay: ESpyf q
l ifUjyefNyDaygU taetpm;qif;&J&wJUtxJ[k a':wifwifa0zef&if; q&mawmf
ausmif;atmufuyG yf pfwvH;k jzifY jzpfwvdak e&aom olUtaetxm;udk tvdrk usMunfUum rmvumoD;
wvk;H &JUqGaJ qmifreI UJ eifwUkd 'kuu
Mkd uHK&w,f/bmrSp;l prf;qifjcifzUkd owdrdMS ubl; [kjrnfweG af wmufw;D ae
jyefonf/

q&mawmfum; pBuFeaf vsmuf&if; vmMunfU aq;cef;oGm;jyvdu

k w
f m taumif;qH;k bJ
a,mif0g;0g;vkyrf aeMueJU ighrmS wm0ef&w
dS ,f[k rdeUf onf / nae aq;cef;roGm;rD oltzsm;wufNyD;
tarhukd owd,w,f[k a,mif,rf;ovdk wrf;wrd\ / a':wifwif rsuEf mS ndKS ; [,f igwdUk &Sw
d myJ
bmtm;i,fp&m&Sv
d [
J k ESpo
f rd &hf onf /
olpw
d cf sr;f omoGm;[efjzifh aus;Zl;wifaom rsu0f ef;rsm;jzifh acgif;ndwjf yonf / ydEo
J ;D
xH;k wdUk xm;onfEiS hf wlvaS omolUrsuEf mS udk Munf
h ndKrmS oem;onfMhf um;u &,fcsipf w
d u
f kd ZGwrf sKo
d yd f
xm;&onfrmS Adu
k af Mumyif atmifrh wwf / aemufq;kH wGif na&;nwm Munf&h KS zdUk cufr,f ightrd rf mS yJ
'Dnem;vdu
k [
f ak jym&if; q&mawmftm; avQmuf&ef a':wifwif xoGm;\ /
ndKu olUtm; auseyfpmG jyHK;jyvQuf taru oabmaumif;w,f / qlp&m&S&d ifawmh
jrHKraebJ qlwwfwm wckbJ om;vnf;r&Sad wmh udak zaomif;udk oHa,mZOfjzpfrw
d ,fxifw,f[k
cyfw;kd wd;k ajym\ /
tif;.. ysm;wcgwkyv
f Ukd 'Dvrkd o
d m;pkrsK;d wcg&&if cPcP twkyk cf cH siyf gw,f[k ol
wd;k wd;k jyefajymonf / ndK MunfompGm jyHK;ae\ /
___________
___________
__________
bufx&D rD;acsmif;atmuf acgif;av;vk;H qkid af eMuonf/ olundKwkUd tdycf ef;Mur;fjyifay:
zsmcif;vSaJ vsmif;&mrS ..'gu usaemfwUdk rdom;pkyHk tazu c&D;xGuef vkUd rygvku
d &f zl;? 'DrmS av ..tazeJU
tar trSww
f &&ku
d x
f m;wm 'gu usaemfUtr r&DE,
G .f .'gu usaemfUtdru
f acG;reJU trSww
f & 'DrmS
pojzih"f gwfyrHk sm;vufaxmuf jyaeonf/
olUt0wftpm; tdwyf gqG,
J cl UJ tdrt
f a&mufavQmpf &m &Sw
d mavQm&f ef qGx
J w
k &f if; xGuf
vmonfUykrH sm;ukd oljyaejcif;jzpfonf/ 'gawGbmvkUd ,lvm&wmvJ rdom;pkukd 'DavmufoaH ,mZOfBuD;
ae&if 'gawGbmvkUd vkyo
f vJ[k ndKuar;onf/
,lvmwmr[kwb
f ;l ? OD;avatmif owif;ar;zkUd awm&ausmif;vmwke;f u tr&DE,
G u
f
xnfUay;vku
d w
f m tvGr;f ajyMunfUzdUk wJU...[koal jz&if; a':wifwifu bGUJ 0wfpEHk iS hf ykt
H m;MunfU 'g
utrBu;D vm; oluaum rif;ukrd cspb
f ;l vm;[kar;onf/ cspaf wmUcspw
f ,f 'gayr,fU tpd;k &drBf u;D Ny;D ta':Uvkyd J
odyq
f yl w
l wfw,f[k olajzonf/
olyGifhyGifhvif;vif;a0zefovkd ajym a':wifwifauseyfaomfvnf;..[JU eiffwkdUobm0udk
u [efUwm;edKifrS wefumuswm igwdkUvkd yg;pyftjrKyfxGufatmif qlylwJUvlr&Sd&if wavmuvkH;[m
arsmufawGvufcsuef UJ tyifawGrsm bmtoD;rS ruseb
f jJ zpfr,f/ eifwUdk arsmufawGu b,ftcg tNidrf
aeMuvkUd vJ bmrSvn;f em;vnfwmr[kwb
f ;l ? 'gaMumifh awmxJrmS arsmufzrf;wJUrkq;dk awGu ykvif;xJ
ua&awG iSUJ aomufjyNyD;xm;cJUw,f/ arsmufawGuacsmif;MunfUNyD; vlvyk o
f vdv
k u
kd v
f yk af wmU ykvif;xJu
t&ufawGaomufrNd yD; rl;vJ 'geJU rkq;kd ujyefvmNyD; tomzrf;oGm;wmaygU [kajymawmUonf/
'g&,fp&maumif;onf[k OD;aESmufuqH;k jzwfNyD;onfEiS Uf &,fcsvu
kd &f ef wqufwnf;trdeUf
ay;\/xdt
k rdeUf udk ndak usyeG pf mG xrf;vdu
k o
f nf/taru 'g&,fp&majymwmt[kwb
f ;l /eifwUkd arsmufawG
'kuu
pkd yfaqmUNyD; SmwwfveG ;f vdUk [laigU\/

OD;cifaTu tdrw
f cH g;udx
k ydwNf yD;]rif;wdUk rdbawGu b,fvo
kd abmSv
d J rif;wdUk ausmif;rSm
vkycf YJwYJupd t
ay:}[ak r;onf/ol [kwu
f UJ [kajymNyD; olwYkdvJ t&ifacwfEpS cf pk vH;k udrk v
D u
kd w
f myJ-usaemf
wdkUeJUqEcsif;awmUwdkufygw,f/'gayr,fU rif;wdkUvkyfwdkif; tcHbufucsnf;yJvdkUajymw,f/
OD;oefUwdUk rIid ;f &mjynfUwdUk wke;f u ausmif;om;awG usaemfwUkd ywf0ef;rSmScd UJ awmUusaemfwUkd udUk vnf;pd;k &dryf yl ef
w,f[k olajzonf/
]at; ...'grsKd ;u wEG,if ifwcifyg q
f o
kd vdu
k mG -ywfoufrw
d UJ vlawGyg xdcu
kd Ef ikd w
f ,f/
rSew
f majym&&if igwdUk vJ cyfvefUvefU-0efxrf;jzpfaeawmU ydq
k ifjcif&w,f/
][kwyf gw,f ODav;-wckawmUpdwcf syg wckcjk zpfvm&if OD;av;wdUk udk rxdcu
kd af p&ygbl;/
usaemfukd awmom;azaomif;tjzpfyJ OD;av;wdUk odMuw,fvUkd usaemfajymrSmyg/}
]at;av-igwdUk pdwx
f J w
dS mawmUrif;odrmS yg-tm;ay;Edik o
f avmuftm;ay;wmyJ-'Duae
rif;wdUk aemufu vdu
k Ef ifkd Mf ur,fU tajctaeta&;BuD;w,f/ rifb,fvkd oH;k oyfxm;ovJ}
]usaemfwdkUtzGJUawGywf0ef;usifrSmvnf; tm;vHk;BudwfNyD;tmkHpdkufaeMuwmygyJ/
tajymif;tvJwckukd tmomjyif;jyif;arQmv
f ifUaeMuw,fvUkd aumufcsucf sxm;Muw,f}
OD;cifaT acgif;wqwfqwfnrd Uf onf/NyD;rS
rGe;f usyaf nmif;nmaewmMumawmU 'Dvykd gyJ[ak &Gw\
f /
]usaemfUoabmuawmU arQmv
f ifUaewmxuf ,HMk unfzUkd vdw
k ,f/tm;ay;wmxuf 0ifyg
zdUk vdw
k ,fvUkd jrifygw,f}
]'guawmU rif;wdUk tpGr;f tpay:vnf; rlwnfwmaygUuGm &atmifqaJG c:MunfUaygU/wdUk
vlawGtajctaeu armifac:&mtxkyaf v;ydu
k v
f Ukd vdu
k cf siaf ewmyJ} [kajymumjyHK;aeonf/
tawmftm;Srd w
d ,f OD;av;[k ol0rf;yef;wom ajym\
a':wifwifum;olUrsuEf mS udak q;vdr;f ay;&efjyif&if;MunfUvJvyk Of ;D rmvumoD;cl;wmawmif
rjrifwahJ rsmufawG igaemufu xH;k wAl;eJU rvdu
k yf g&apeJU[k owday;\ /
ndKUrsufpdxJwGifum;...yHk&dyfwck a&;a&;xifjrifvmonf /xdkyHk&dyfonf tarSmifudk
azmufvmaomtvif;ESit
hf wl ay:vmhjcif;yif vrf;aMumif;wckay:xGe;f &m wufvmaom tpkta0;
tpdik t
f cJrsm; rSed af e&mrS awmufyvmyHv
k nf;ay:\ /
azaomif;u anmifo;D vJpm; av;ndKUoHvnf;em;axmifqw
kd UJ pumvdv
k m; ta':[kar;onf/
tJ'gu iSut
f wGuyf J eifwUkd arsmufawGtwGuf rmvumoD; cl;&if ysm;tHv
k MJ unfU[k
a':wifwif u pum;yku
H kd jyKjyifay;vdu
k \
f /
________
_________
_________
]vlawGukd bmaMumifUvky&f r,fqNkd yD; pnf;H;k zdUk rvdv
k b
S ;l uG b,fvv
kd yk Mf urvJqw
kd myJ
igwdUk udak r;aeMuw,f}
xGe;f ouf pum;udk ol& acgif;ndrUf axmufc&H if; at; igwdUk zufu aemufwyGJ 'DxufyNkd yD;
us,jf yefUatmif qifEEJG ikd zf Ukd yJ[k oH;k oyf\/
yefonf/

olwYkd oH;k a,muf av;cG ud,

k pf jD zifU iSuyf pfa,mifaqmif&if; opfyiftyk t
f yk f &dS m wajz;
ajz;aTUvQuaf jymvmMujcif;jzpfonf/o&ufyifay:rS Z,ufukd ol& cGEiS hf vSr;f ypfNyD; .. a[haumif
rif;emrnf ]azaomif;} vdUk ajymif;xm;wm aumif;w,f ? igwdUk vnf; 'Dvekd mrnf0u
S af wG xm;&r,f [k
ajym\ /
]igvnf; yg;pyfxaJ wGU&m xm;vdu
k w
f muG &Hyk ikd Bf uD; rdom;pkuvnf; 'Demrnfac:awmUw,f
'grS igUaemufaMumif;udk wjcm;olawG rsuaf csjywfrmS }
o&ufyifajc&if;f oH;k a,muf0ikd ;f xdik &f if; xGe;f ouf rS
]rd;k OD;us&ifawmh ausmif;jyefziG Uf rSmyJ igwdUk 'DtawmtwGi;f &oavmuf vdu
k cf sw
d x
f m;&r,f}
a[haumif..azaomif; rif;awmUjyefv
f Ukd rjzpfao;bl;uG rif;wdUk t&yfvBl uD;u odyrf [efb;l }
]'gqkv
d nf; ig'DuyJ pnf;&k;H edK;aqmfpmawGa&;aer,fumG 'DrmS tMurf;a&;xm;wm zwfMunfU
MuOD;} ol&ESihf xGe;f oufwUdk zwfMunfUNy;D at; 'gukd jyifp&m&S&d if jyifr,f Ny;D &if za,mif;vSnUf Ny;D jzefUr,f
[k wuf<uaeMuonf/ pm&Guu
f kd aocsmacguford ;f &if; ol&u uAsmvJa&;avuGm aAsmifususa&;uGm
a&Tausmif;u azaomif;qkNd yD; uavmifemrnfwyf[k tMuHay;\/
ol&,fum at;yg uJ rif;wkUd jyefzUdk vkyaf wmU &xm;vmumeD;NyD rif;wkUd zmom vufrw
S 0f ,f
NyD;jyef igeJUwGw
J m vlawGrawGUwm taumif;qk;H yJJ oBuFe&f ufausm&f if aemufwacgufqMHk ur,f[k edK;aqmf
onf/
NydKiw
f x
l &yfMu&if; ykq;dk rSzrk sm;cgvsuf xGe;f oufu a[Uaumifazaomif; &kyH idk Bf uD;orD;
av;u tawmfajyjypfygvm;[k pum;ponf/ uav;omom&Syd gao;w,fumG csr;f omay;yg[k awmif;
yefaeonfUMum;u csr;f omyJay;rSmyguGm qif;&Jray;ygbl;[k xGe;f oufaMunmoGm;ao;\/
___________________________________________________
tke;f ode;f &ifxJ ESv;Hk om;onf acgif;ESihf aqmifrh ad om Al;oD;ES,v
f KS y,
f rf;oGm;\ olA;l pif
atmufrS jAKe;f ueJx&yfvu
dk &f m trSwrf xif aqmifrh o
d nf/ Al;oD;tm;vufjzihjf yefxrd ;f &if; ndK wa,muf
xl;jcm;aeonfukd rausrcsr;f awG;rd\/
MunfUav pwk'o
D m r@yfrmS rkeUf vk;H a&ay:vk;H NyD;onfEiS hf ndKjyefr,fqu
dk m rcifat;ukd
eKwq
f ufNyD; xGucf mG oGm;onfrmS b,foUl udrk yS if eKwrf quf /olrrsuEf mS av;MunfU&if; tBuHtpnfaygif;
pku
H kd tpDtpOfcsxm;onfU tke;f ode;f twGuf arQmfvifch sufrUJ &awmUrSmvm;..ndK eJUtwl a&yufr,f ndK
yuforQ ukew
f UJ a&udk olUtdru
f rD;pufeUJ armif;NyD; yku
d ef UJ wifay;r,f NyD;awmU cgwkid ;f ESpaf wGvdk aeUvnf
ykid ;f rSm uufqufziG Nhf yD; uMur,f/NrdKUutaz 0,fvmwJUuifr&meJU ndKUud"k gwfycHk ;dk &ku
d rf ,f/
'gawGBuHxm;wmoGm;NyDaygU...[kwfvm;/
rcifat;u igvku
d yf Udk r,f[q
k u
dk m a&ay:ump rkeUf vk;H Aef;xJu wqkyx
f nfU,lNyD; zufeUJ
xkyu
f m ndKEiS t
hf wlxu
G o
f mG ;onf/ tke;f ode;f toJEv
S ;Hk udk edKuNf yD; ,lomG ;ovkd tke;f ode;f xifrw
S v
f u
dk \
f /
'Davmufaysmfp&maumif;wJUtcsderf mS aysmf&r,fUae&mrSm raebJ bmvkUd tdrjf yef&rSmvJ?
awmblwmeHab;rSm tdref ;D csi;f awmifr&Sd ikww
f w
k Bf uD; ysi;f p&maumif;wJUae&m b,fvdk oBuFeu
f srmS vJ/
blwma&SUrSm tdyfaewJUacG;0Jpm;awGudk a&yufvkdU aysmf&rSmvm;...tkef;odef;b,fvkdrS awG;r&/

ndKuawmU rcifat;vku
d yf Udk &m &,fumarmum xGuo
f mG ;acsNyD/
]olrsm;aysmv
f Udk raysmef Kd if qkad om oHcsyx
f ;dk oHrmS tke;f ode;f twGujf zpfomG ;\/
_______________________________________
'gefaygufpm;oH.. yvGyyf vGy}f
]Muufaygifuu
dk o
f .H .*Rw*f Rw}f
],rumykvif;awG..>ywf>ywf}
]tpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;..*G'f*G'f}
]wkUd jynfoal wG ....zGwf wzGw}f
yvyfpwpfy;Hk ukd olUzmomAkv
H adk cguf oHcsyx
f ;dk jyaeaom azaomif;tm;MunfU&,f&if; ndKu
pavmif;zk;H ukd wcRr;fcRr;f jrnf vku
d w
f ;D ay;aeonf/ OD;cifa&Tonf rD;zkcd ef;wGif ESpaf ,mufxJ oHcsyf
a&obif EGaJ eonfU olwUdk ESpOf ;D tm; &yfMunfU&if; tJ'g b,fuoHcsyv
f J [kar;\/
ndKu awmom;BuD; oHcsyt
f zGUJ aygU[k &,farmrysuaf jzonf/
azaomif;rSm ezl;wGuf pnf;xm;aom ydwfpeDESifh aemufausmwGif ykqkd;a[mif;wxnf
0wf&v
Hk jdk cHKxm;onfwUdk wvSKyfvKS yf&rf;atmifu&if; tajzukd oHcsyv
f x
dk ;dk ay;onf/
][k;d acwfa[mif;u oHcsyyf g ckacwf'gawGx;dk vkUd r&bl;}
OD;a&Tcif tdyu
f yfxplJ rf;MunfUNyD; aiGpuLtcsKd UxGuv
f m
]a&mU qkcsw,f}
ndKu qwfueJ jzwf,u
l m xajy;onf/
a':wifwifrSm tmvl;rsm;udk vSD;cRwfae&mrS ...arsmufawGudk iSufaysmoD;ay;jyefNyD ykd
tm;&SNd yD; waeUvk;H tdyrf &atmif uRr;f xk;d jyaeawmUr,f[k 0ifajym\/
]t&ufa&xk;d yufcsio
f q
l dk ..oabFmepfygap}
][JU erdwrf &Sd ermr&Sd }
azaomif;\ oHcsyu
f dk a':wifwif txdeUf wvefU0ifwm;\/
]yxrqkay; wkUd OD;av; ode;f qkaygufygap} [k azaomif;u qkawmif;\/
]qkrcsol a':qlyl 0Jxal ysmufygap} [k ndKu0ifatmf\/
rk;d BudK;ypfccH siv
f Udk igUuk.d ..[k a':wifwif rausrcsr;f qlonf/ ndKu tarUrSm 0J&&dS if
awmifaysmufygapvkUd qkawmif;wmyJ[k qifajcay;NyD; azaomif;&ifbwfoUdk aiGpuLrsm;csw
d Ef iS w
hf ,
G af y;
\/ azaomif;u Zmwfrif;om;[efjzifh NrdKUarwmcH,rl ,fU awmom;BuD;ayrkUd ...tmacgifEpS jf crf; Asef;Asef;
uGaJ tmif atmf&ygOD;r,f[k qkad eonf/
aMomf...rD;wGif;rSmwif tzwfrwifcJUwJU igUom;BuD;om &Sd&if armifazaomif; t&G,f
avmufa&mufaerSmyJ/ uRrJ ndKeJUaygif;NyD; ckvdk aysmpf &mawG vkyaf erSmyJ [kawG;&if; a':wifwif ai;idik f
MunfUaerdonf/

OD;a&Tcifu a&TbeHk 'd gef;tzGUJ u oHcsyaf wG r&bl;vm; [k rkwq

f w
d af rT;nSy&f if; ar;\/ ndK
uMum;jzwf aeUvnfu oHcsyf[mo tazUukv
d yk jf yvku
d af v? tazrMunfU&ao;bl;..udak zaomif;
u &Sifbk&ifvkyf ndKuxD;awmfrkd;vkyfr,f..[kd[mav;ujyvkdufygvm;.. 'D[mav;qkdjyvkdufygvm; p
ojzifh vlwwf0ifvyk af e\/
oMuFeaf &rpkd oMuFerf ;dk r&GmbJ a*[mav; pdak jyaeonfukd tm;vk;H MunfeK;pGmESpo
f pf
BudKcpH m;aeMu\/
_________________________________
tusaeUuvnf; &kww
f &ufjyefomG ; rGex
f Nl yD;usecf UJ &m a&avmif;zkUd yif tcGirhf &vku
d /f
'DaeUawmU rPyv
f mrnfxif arQmaf omfvn;f ndKu ay:awmfrrl? tke;f ode;f aerxdxidk rf om onfUtqk;H
blwmav;a&SUrS awmvku
d rf q
k ;dk ES,f acsmif;ajrmif;a&yuf&efBuHonf/ a&TorifnKd u t&dyt
f a,mifyif
rjy/ tdrfab;uygwfvnf; rjruf? aemufqkH; ndKwkdUaemufaz;jcHpnf&kd;zufrS vSnfUacsmif;&efBuHonf/
ql;jcHKaygaom pnf;&k;d ab; ukyu
f wfomG ;NyD; ndKwUdk aemufaz;zufukd olMunfUonf/l aemufaz;a&ujyif
wGif yufvufuv
k m;xkid jf zihf idu
k jf rnf;aeolwOD;ukd ndKuaemufro
S idk ;f rsuEf mS tk;d rnf;okwv
f u
dk o
f nf
udk tke;f ode;f jrifvu
dk \
f /
xko
d v
l efUedK;NyD; &,farmum rsuEf mS udyk w
G f vufrmS ayvmaom tk;d rnf;jzifh ndKUvufarmif;
ukv
d rS ;f okwo
f nfuv
kd nf; tke;f ode;f awGUvku
d o
f nf/ roufromrsuEf mS jzihf xGucf mG oGm;aom tke;f ode;f
ukd tbarmif ES;D xkid zf smae&mrS vSr;f jrifvu
dk Nf yD . 'Daumif ql;NcHKMum;xJ txdvmacsmif;aeyguvm;[k
owdjyKrv
d u
dk o
f nf/
___________________________________________
wu,fwrf;usawmU rcifat;BudKwifpDpOfxm;ovkd rSifraoedKif/ tkef;odef;\tar;udk
at;aq;pGm ajz&rnfUtpm; &ifxx
J yd yf smoGm;ao;onf/ 'gudk *&kwpku
d &f rdS ad om tke;f ode;f yk
d b0ifrus/
]awmuvmwmyg[m wu,fUudk um;rjrifb;l &xm;rjrifb;l wJUae&mu}
rcifat;tajzaMumifh awmblwm&krH eD;ra0;aeNyD; tdrrf mS rD;pufeUJ aeedKifwUJ igUavmuf
awmUb,frrD vJ[k tke;f ode;f awG;rdonf/
]tvum;yg[m ..odyNf yD; usyjf ynfUwmawmif r[kwb
f ;l }
tke;f ode;f pdw0f ifpm;rSK avQmUyg;atmif rcifat;yg;pyfxaJ wGUu&m ajymvku
d o
f nf/ pdwf
awmUrcs&ao;/ ndKUteD; a&mufvmaom a,muFsm;om;rSeo
f rQ tke;f ode;f rsuaf pUarT;pl;rnfukd rcifat;
oabmaygufae aEGtylu olr&ifxJ wdww
f qdwaf &mufvm&NyDjzpfonf/
____________________________________________
uufqufZmwfvrf;em;axmifaumif;wke;f tdru
f vmac: rMunfrvifjzpfomG ;wwfonfU
rde;f rwkUd rsuEf mS rsKd ;jzifh ndK tdraf &SUxGuv
f monfukd jrif tke;f ode;f rauseyfcsuf tpkid t
f cJrmS ykBd uD;rm;

vmNyD; &ifwiG ;f usyv

f monf/
]bmvJ[m ..aeyl&wJUtxJ}
MunfUprf; cgwkid ;f oBueF q
f dk waeukef r@yfrmS &Sad ewwfwUJ ndKu 'Dvcdk ak wmU ajym&ovm;}
]eifu
h dk a&yufrvkUd a[U....eifubmvkUd tdrx
f aJ tmif;ae&wmvJ}
]bmrS r[kwyf gbl; [m ..ysi;f vkUd }
tke;f ode;f &,fonf/ igodygw,f[al om rsuEf mS ukd ndKjrif ydrk vkrH vJ&v
dS o
S nf/
uJ ...avmif;[m[kqdkum tdrfay:rS qif;vm a&avmif;vkduf&onfUwkdif tkef;odef;
&ifxJ rauseyfrKS u aysmufroGm;ao;/
_________________________________________________________
][m [kww
f ,f...ndK ?'DrmS MunfUprf; toD;tuif;awGwef;NyD;xGuv
f mwm ig;vk;H ? ajcmuf
vkH; ckESpfvkH; [m...acG;rBuD; acG;av;awG aygufwmxufawmif rsm;ao;w,f/
azaomif; wtHUwMo Al;pifatmufrS armUum a&wGufaeonf/ ndKum;..ndKrajymbl;
vm;[k tvGeaf useyfaom rsuEf mS jzihf wkeUf jyef\/ azaomif;onf Al;pifwiG f qGx
J m;aom trJ&;dk udv
k uf
jzif h w k d U um...
]trJ&;dk csdwq
f x
JG m;vku
d w
f meJU NrHKaewJU Al;pifu 'Dvydk J toD;awGxu
G v
f ma&mvm;..
av;..ig;..&ufyJ&Sdao;w,f/ csufcsif; owdjywmyJ/ [k tHUMorajyx&Gwfae\/
]tHr,f ...'gawmif wcsdKUa&xkyaf wGqMJG uao;w,f}
ndK xko
d Udk tajz azaomif;u tawmfqef;Mu,fwUJ obm0 "gwfjyKrKS y[
J k rSwcf sucf s\/
NcHaemufzufpnf;&k;d wGif uyfacsmif;aeaom tke;f ode;f b0ifrus pOf;pm;aeonf/b,fU
ES,Uf vJ awmom;ppfppfvnf;qkad o;&JU Al;yifobm0awmif em;rvnfb;l qkyd gvm;[k awG;rd\/
[kt
d vk;H ...[kqu
kd m azaomif;vufKSd ;Geo
f nf/ ndKu txdww
f vefU olUvufuq
dk JG
[m...vufdSK;eJUrxkd;&bl;..ykyfukefr,f[kwm;\/ azaomif;[uf[ufyufyuf&,fum vmjyefNyD
'gawmU rjzpfeKd iyf gbl;? vufeUJ xdw,fqdk [kww
f w
k w
f w
k [
f k r,ko
H vkd vkyjf yef\/
ndKu r,k&H if aemufaeUawGMunfU[k ajymum olUvufukd qGx
J m;qJ/
azaomif; tNidrrf aebJ aemufwvk;H ndKUvufeUJ xk;d MunfUprf;[kcidk ;f NyD; ndKUvufwzufukd
jyefuikd
f Al;uif;udv
k ufKS ;d Tecf idk ;f onf/ [ift
h if;[kjiif;&if; &,fumarmum ykwu
f ek rf ,f[ak jym? rykwf
edKib
f ;l [k jiif;&if; ESpaf ,mufom; wGe;f wku
d af eMu\/
pnf;&k;d taygufu,
G o
f mG ; ae&mxyfta&TU tke;f ode;f ajcrSm rsuu
f eJ cHpm;vku
d &f \/ c&m
ql;wacsmif; pku
d o
f mG ;jcif;yif/ aemufq;Hk wHacsmif;uvn;f rsuu
f eJ tke;f ode;f &ifxJ ql;oGm;onf/ tJ'g
bmql;[k ac:&rnfv/J tke;f ode;f rod/
eifwkdUraygUeJUaemf ig&ifylw,f/ tkef;odef;u ...[kqkdum aemufa,mifcHpkHpr;fonf[k
t"dyg ,fonfU t*Fvyd pf um;jzihf rcifat;owday;onf/
aomufa&tkd;rS cyfaomufrdaoma&onf olrwdkUa&mufae&m awm&ausmif; aemufpD;

aeonfU acsmif;a&yrm aemufusdomG ;NyD[k ndKcHpm;vku

d &f \/ azaomif;rSm [m..[ka&&Gw&f if; awmom;
azaomif;vkUd yJ odrmS yJ ylp&mvkad o;vm;[k aps;qpfonf/
rcifat;rSm acsmif;urf;yg;&TUH ESprf sm;xJ cJv;Hk wvk;H uefcsvu
dk &f if; rxifeUJ ..avsmUrwGuf
eJU ..ud,
k Uf b0ud,
k o
f d taetxkid f rwwfwmeJU rD;ck;d <uufavQmufay:ukerf ,f[k pd;k &drw
f BuD; ajymae
onf/
ndKESiahf zaomif; wa,mufrsuEf mS wa,mufMunfUMuonf/
]eifh tazwkUd yg pdwyf o
l mG ;&if ydq
dk ;dk r,fnKd igajymwmpOf;pm;MunfU}
xko
d Udk omajymcJUNyD; rcifat; bk&m;yef;tk;d rsm;a&oGm;aq;aeonf/ awm&ausmif;w0if;vk;H
aus;iSuo
f EH iS hf a&pD;oHom MunfeK;zG,Mf um;ae&aomfvnf; olwUdk rom,medKif/ wkUd aysmrf ,fawmif rBuH
&ao;bl;[k azaomif;a&&Gwrf o
d nf/ oefUpifaecJUaom ndKUrsuEf mS rSm aomutylaMumifh EGr;f usomG ;
aom MumjzLwyGiEhf ,
S /f tke;f ode;f tazu t&yfvBl uD; aygufa&mufw,f/ NyD;awmU yg0gvJoyd jf ycsiw
f m
[k ndKroufroma&&Gwaf e\/ rcifat;u ]igwkUd awmif ausmif;rSm jzpfMuwke;f uygovm; ..rygeJUaemf
tvum;ae&if; 'kua &mufr,fvUdk Ncdr;f ajcmufao;w,f} [kvrS ;f ajym\/
b,fvdk vkyMf urvJ [kpum;oHrxGub
f J ar;aeaom ndKU rsu0f ef;rsm;twGuf olUrSm tajzr&S/d
tJ'D armiftek ;f ode;f u ausmif;om;r[kwb
f ;l vm;/ vufwv
JG Udk r&bl;vm;[kk oljyefar;rdonf/
][m av;wef;awmif ratmifvUdk ausmif;xGux
f m;&wm ? olUrdbawmolaX;qdNk yD; bmrS
vJvyk w
f mr[kwb
f ;l ? oGm;pnf;&k;H zkUd rpOf;pm;eJU ?tJ'grS 'kut
xkyf jznfMunfUwmtppf/
ndK\ pdwyf suv
f ufysuaf jzpum;aMumifh onfenf;vrf;udk olpeG Uf vku
d &f onf/
]igtke;f ode;f udk ajymxm;wmvJ rarUeJUOD; awmom; azaomif;u usyv
f nf; jynfUwmr[kwf
bl;vkUd vSrd Uf xm;&wm ra&SmifomvkUd awGU&if &l;aygaygvkyaf evku
d /f
rcifat; pum;aMumifh olwUdk cgwkid ;f vkd rNyHK;r&,feKd if ndKwUdk tdru
f kd rvmwm taumif;qk;H
yJ [k rcifat;pum;qufjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ tajctaerSeu
f dk oabmaygufaeMuolrsm;yDyD aps;rqpf
0HU MuawmU/
ndKonf &SOUf uav;rsm; apGUueJ ckeo
f mG ;onfukd armUMunfUvsuf &ifxaJ ygUyg;&rnfUtpm;
acsmif;pyf&UT YjH yifxaJ vQmuf&ovkd av;vHcufcaJ om ajcvSr;f rsm;jzihf azaomif;tyg;rScmG onf/ azaomif;
vku
d v
f pdk w
d rf &Sad wmU 0g;ckw
H ef;av;ay: uRu
D eJxidk cf s&if; ndKUausmjyifudk vSr;f MunfU&m qHp&Snrf sm;waxG;
BuD; &kyu
f eJord ;f olUudv
k n
S Uf MunfUonfU ndKEiS hf tMunfUqkjH yef\/
]qGr;f vmydUk &ifawmif oifyh grvm;...igUoabmuawmU azaomif;awmjyefomG ;NyDvUdk aus
nmvku
d cf siw
f ,f/ 'grS rsuaf jcjywfomG ;rSm}
rcifat;pum;ukd olwUdk uefUuGujf yifqifeKd ipf rG ;f vJ r&Sad wmU/
ndKu olUtm;aomutylMum;rS BudK;pm;ESpo
f rd Uf aom rsu0f ef;rsm;jzihf
]ndK ypfawmUrxm;ygbl; ?vpf&ifMunfUNy;D vmcJUygr,f[
} k ajymcJU\/
ol [efraqmifpwrf; ajcypfvufypfuse&f pfcUJ oonf/iSuo
f aH wGu em;NiD; &SOUf uav;
awGudk rsupf ad emufp&m[k olxifomG ;NyDjzpfonf/

onf/
wdwq
f w
d af om aEGnudk onf;rcHeKd io
f nfUES,f a':wifwif,yfcyf&if; pum;p\/
]arsmufvTJausmfwaumifvn;f aysmufaeygvm;....
tdru
f arsmufnKd uRrJ eJUaygif;NyD; udUk ,kUd um;&m;awG vkyw
f mrjrif&awmU cyfajcmufajcmufBuD;}
w0l;0l; jrnfaeaom a&'D,v
kd KS id ;f ukd zr;fae&mrS OD;cifa&TrmS a':wifwifpum;ukd ]ajcukef
vufyrf;usaeNyDxifw,f[
} k xifjrifcsuaf y;\/ jcifaxmifx0J ifNyD; vl;vl;vdrUf vdrUf rtdyef Kd iaf o;aom
ndKrSm tomx tcef;wGif jyLwif;0rSmxGu&f yfonf/aEGnonf vr&S?d Mu,frsm;jzifo
h m ESpo
f rd Uf tvS
qifae&onf/
olrMu,fyiG rhf sm;ukd ai;vsuf wuk,
d &f nftoHrUJ pum;ajymqkrd \
d /
]Mu,fawGrmS vnf; Mu,fvBl uD; Mu,fuav;awG&w
dS ,f
"l0MH u,fu tzd;k BuD;rkUd wae&mxJiw
k w
f w
k x
f idk pf Of;pm;aewmaygU
ckEpS pf ifMu,fu uav;awGrUdk uke;f yk;d pD;wrf;upm;aeMuwm?
tajcrckid yf J vdrUf usomG ;wJU Mu,fawGjrifb;l ygw,f
'gayr,fU tJ'x
D rJ mS vlawGtwGuf tok;H wJUvkUd
emrnfrn
S Uf cHxm;&wJU Mu,fawG wyGirhf yS groGm;bl;
wu,fawmU Mu,fawG&UJ b0rSm tazmfe;D wm tazmfa0;wm
ta&;rBuD;ygbl;
avmutwGuf tok;H 0ifwUJ Mu,f
b,fawmUrS ra<uwm aocsmygw,f}
xkpd um;ukd olrbmaMumifh azaomif;tm;ajymcsifaerSe;f rod/ okUd aMumifyh if pmtkyEf iS fh
abmyif,
l xkt
d wkid ;f a&;csrdonf/
_________________________________________________
vufur;fpmapmifukd tNyD;owf 'DZidk ;f jyifqifNyD;NyD/
xGe;f oufEiS hf ol&wkUd ay;cJUaom pmrlrsm;tm;vk;H xnfUNyD;onfUwkid f olUrSm tvkyrf &Sjd zpfae
? pmapmif rsuEf mS pmukd tem;uGy'f ZD idk ;f tustewyfqaJG erdonf/ pmapmiftwGuf vkt
d yfaom oauFw
rsm;jynfUpkyH gvQuf olxidk &f mrS rxjzpfao;/ aejcnfEak jymufMum;0ifaeaom awm&ausmif;&SKUcif;ukd t
anmif;qefU&if; MunfUaerd\/
tkef;odef;u pdwfcs&wmr[kwfbl;...aemufuvkdufacsmif;aevkdU ae&mygodoGm;OD;r,f
[k ndKajymcJUzl;NyDrUdk qGr;f csKd iyhf Udk &ef ra&mufvmonfU aeUrsm;udv
k nf; oltjypfrwifrad wmU/
wud,
k x
f J {up&Dusio
hf m;&aeNyD;umrS odMum;rif;vTwv
f u
dk af om trKvmewforD;aMumifh
usiahf eaom w&m;rsm;ysucf UJ &onfU &aoUwyg;taMumif; olzwf&KS r&d if; rNyHK;csiyf J NyHK;rdonf/
em;xJwiG f Mum;a,mifonfvm;/ rSwrf ad eaom pufb;D acgif;avmif;oHu cRiu
f eJ jrnf
vku
d o
f nfrmS olMum;zl;csi;f r&Sad om ewfapmif;oHyif rDrnfrxif/ wu,fyif ausmif;0if;xJ csKd ;auGU0if

vmaom c&rf;Eka&mif 0wfpjHk zifh qHE,

G rf sm;0ifu
h eJ vGiv
hf monfU t&dyu
f kd vSpu
f eJvrS ;f jrifvu
dk &f onf/
ol pmapmifru
l kd odr;f vku
d Nf yD; a&mifpaHk usmufw;Hk rsm; rnDrnmykaH eonfU a&ajrmif;eHab;
BudK&yfvu
dk o
f nf/ ndKUrSm olUtyg;pufb;D a'gufaxmuf&if; ysi;f aeNyDvm;[k *&kPmaiGUqkid ;f aom avoH
jzifah r;\/
]tazmf&yfdS gw,f txD;usejf cif;av}
r&,frNyHK; olUtajzudk ndKem;vnfavmufaomrsuEf mS jzihf tajctaet& vpfrv
S m&wm
[kajymonf/ udpr &Syd gbl;/ em;vnfygw,f[k oljyefajz&m ndKu xrif;udk arQmw
f mxuf tazmfukd wrf;waerSm
ndKem;vnfygw,f[k pmemoHjzifh ajymum olUtm;armUMunfUonf/
a&MunfMunfrsm;cyfyg;yg;pD;aeaom wawmifcefUausmufp&pfajrmif;uav;eHab;
olrvufEpS zf uf yk0gjymESr;fErS ;f ta&mifukd pkuikd u
f m&yfaeonf/ acsmif;urf;bufrS wufvmaom avu
yifx
h x
l m; olrqHE,
G rf sm;ESihf yk0gyg;jymjymuav;rSm a&maxG;,Su,
f u
S f &ke;f xGucf siaf eMu\/
]wu,fvUdk EG,f rQiaf v;awGeUJww
l UJ rsuv
f ;Hk wpko
H m txD;usejf cif;rSm &Srd ,fq&dk if uk,
d f
wa,mufxJ tNraJ e&Jygw,f}
olrrsu0f ef;rsm;udk vGr;f qGwpf mG ikUH MunfU&if;ajymonfU pum;aMumifh eD;&mudk wG,&f pfonfU
EG,
T yf ifav;rsm;tm; ndKjrifa,mifvsuf &Sujf cif;r[kwaf om aocsmaom cHpm;rSKwckudk aEG;axG;pGmcHvu
dk f
&onf/ ausmufp&pfyaHk y:wifxm;onfU qGr;f csKd iu
hf kd vSr;f ,l&efBuHryd gvsuf rvSKy&f mS ;jzpfbJ olUpum;ukd
omqufvmedK;edK;arQmrf \
d /
]tjyifrmS aeylvNS yD aeUqGr;f pm;csed q
f akd wmU ndKaeylxv
J mcJU&wm acR;awGawmifpUkd vkUd ndK
yifyef;wmudk uk,
d pf w
d rf aumif;ayr,fU ud,
k 0f r;fomrdwmudak wmU ajymyg&ap ndK&,f}
]t&ifaeUawGuvn;f vmcsiyf gw,f owdv&J aewmyJ rjzpfao;vkUd yg}
][kwyf gw,f vmvm qGr;f t&ifuyfvu
dk Mf u&atmif }
olwUdk csKd ifq
h JG ausmif;ay:wufrnftjyK qGr;f pm;csed o
f m ausmif;okUd vm a0,sm0pjyKavU
&Sad om ausmif;om;av;ajy;vm,l&if; q&mawmfa&csKd ;aew,f[k ajym\/ olwUdk ausmif;ay:rwufjzpf
bJ a&Munfajrmif;eHab;om jyefavQmufvmMuonf/ awmifydEJyifuvm; 'l;&if; MoZmyifuvm;rod?
&eHUoif;oif;jzihf rGex
f aHk eaom ae&m0,f ndKwkUd tazeJU taru qGr;frydUk ckid ;f bl;vm;[k olar;onf/
]ckid ;f wmaygU ndKvJ trSet
f wkid ;f yJ ajymvku
d af wmUw,f EdUk r[kw&f if [kw
d a,muftE&m,f
udk rodbaJ erSmpd;k vkUd }
]tJ'aD wmU}
]tJ'aD wmU tarwkUd uvJ wcgwavrS oGm;csio
f mG ;aygUwJU odomG ;vkUd rjzpfb;l wJU..}
]tif;av...aMumufMurSmaygU ...udk,fem;vnfygw,f}
olUpum;aMumifh ndKqwfueJ armUMunfUonf/ ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk rsm; ta&mifredS
f ]'Dvrdk [kwf
ygbl;..udak zaomif;twGuf yg/ ndKwkUd u a&Smifajym&if&ygw,f}
olu aMomf[o
k m rSm;rSe;f od tm;wkUH tm;em jzpfro
d nf/ ndK ajcvSr;f ud&k yf
]ndKwUdk apwemudk em;rvnfb;l ? [ku
d pyfpak eNyD 'Dxufyrkd ouFmjzpfNyD; ZGwpf pHk r;f&if b,f

ol'u
k a &mufrmS vJ ndKajymwmvnf; em;rvnfb;l / [ku
d b,favmufawmif odcsiaf ew,frw
S o
f vJ/
ndKonf rxl;awmUNyDjzpf tbarmifjrifcUJ aom tke;f ode;f wa,muf waumufaumuf
acsmif;aeyku
H kd jyefajymjyvku
d o
f nf/ oltUH MoNyD; [kwv
f m;[komar;\/
ndKvnf; vmcsiw
f maygU ndKwkUd ESpaf ,mufaygif;rS aysmpf &maumif;wmyg/ ndKwa,mufxJ
tdrrf mS aysmaf ew,f xifv
f Udk vm; [k0rf;enf;oHjzifh ar;\/
olonf ndKUrsu0f ef;rsm;udk aocsmMunfU
]'DrmS ndK uk,
d rf mS ;oGm;ygw,f ud,
k af jymwmem;axmifygOD; a[m'D a&Munfajrmif;uav;
udMk unfU MunfvifNyD; atmufuausmufa&mifpaHk wGukd jrifae&wm ..[krd mS [krd mS a'gif;ig;av;awGvm;
a&arSmfyifuav;awG pdrf;vkdU...Mum;xJrSm b,favmufMunfeL;p&maumif;vJ ..ndKUrsufvkH;av;u
t&ifuqkd tJ'v
D ydk J tNrJMunfvifMunfeK;p&maumif;wmyg/ ud,
k Uf aMumifh jzpfjzpf b,foUl aMumifjh zpfjzpf
[kad csmif;a&vkd raemufusdomG ;apcsifb;l / 'gud,
k Uf qEtrSeyf gndK&,f ..ud,
k rf mS ;oGm;wm pdwx
f rJ xm;yg
eJUawmU ndKUrsufvkH;av; 'Da&Munfajrmif;vkd MunfaewmyJ awGUyg&ap.......}
olUpum;aMumifh ndKrmS olUtm;armUMunfUjyef\/ c&r;fEak 7miftifusD c&rf;jyma&mif yGi,
hf u
S f
xrdeEf iS hf ndK\cEmrS ta&mifrsm;[yfaeaom a&MunfajrSmif;av;vkyd if / ndKrsuv
f ;Hk rsm; c&rf;jymvJUvJ
oef;vmum tenfxidk v
f m Munfvifvmonf[k oljrifonf/
zswu
f eJ olwUdk ajc&if; jyKwu
f svmaom t&mtm; ndKxed Uf vefUajcud&k w
k u
f mvSr;f MunfU
onf/ ykwo
f ifnKd acgif;pdr;f waumif ajray:MuNyD; xGurf ajy;bJ acgif;wjidrUf NidrUf vkyjf yaeonfukd awGU
Mu&\/ olnKd tm; vSnUf MunfU NyHK;jyonf/
ndK eKwfcrf;rsm; rNyHK;cif rsuv
f ;Hk rsm;t&ifNyHK;vmoa,mifa,mif/
_____________________________________________________
'Da'owGif olUvkv
d u
l rkd S 'Dred ;f uav; ra&G;cs,v
f Qif b,fewfom;udk arQmrf nfenf;/ tke;f ode;f
b,fvrdk S pOf;pm;r&? &kyH idk Bf uD;orD;vkUd om ac:p&m&So
d nf? a&Txnfyif wcgw&Hao;rQirf Qi0f wfeKd io
f u
l
tkef;odef;vkd a&TBudK;wkwfwkwf? aiGayg<u,f<u,f NyD;awmU 'D&Gmem;w0kduf tkwfwkdufqkd 'DwvkH;om
&Sad oma*[mudrk S ykid o
f u
l kd ykrH eS x
f ufrykw
d m em;rvnfp&mjzpfae\/
ndKu bmudBk uD;BuD;us,u
f s,rf eS ;f vkUd vJ [laom wcgu olUtar;udk rcifat;u ynm
vnf;&Szd Udk vkrd mS aygU[k ra&r&m ajzzl;onf/ tke;f ode;f yk
d rauseyf/
ynm[kwv
f m; tJ'yD nmwwfNyD;awmU bmvkyrf mS vJ yku
d q
f u
H kd tJ'yD nmeJU &SmrSmyJ r[kwf
bl;vm;..ydu
k q
f OH pm&SNd yD;om; vlu a&MunfwiG ;f ykid Nf yD;om;yg/ ynmoifw,fqw
dk mu a&wGi;f udk tyif
yef;cHNyD; wl;ae&wJUvlawG a&xGurf xGuaf wmif raocsmbl;/
olem;vnfovkd pOf;pm;rdorQ ydak cgif;&SKwfp&mjzpfvmonf/
]wck&w
dS ,fuG rde;f rqdw
k m olwUdk pdwcf sr;f omatmif ajymwwfvyk w
f wfwUJ vltay:rSm om
,mwwfw,f..rif;undKeUJeD;eD;pyfpyf&atmif vkdufaygif;aygUuGm ..olpdwfcsrf;omr,fxifwmawGrsm;
rsm;vkyaf y; MumawmU oHa,mZOfjzpfvma&m igajymwm r,k&H ifprf;MunfU}
J

[kwef Kd io
f nf[k tke;f ode;f xifjyefonf/ ajymolu rde;f rESpaf ,muf&NyD;ol bmtvkyrf v
S J
[kww
f yd wfwd r&Sq
d akd wmU 'grSeef Kd iw
f ,f[k tke;f ode;f ,lqvku
d o
f nf/ 0ify;l uGm b,foUl rS *&kpu
kd rf aeeJU
BudKurf &Suf idu
fk rf &Sub
f [
J k xyfqifw
h eG ;f tm;ay;vku
d \
f / tke;f ode;f a&GUoGm;onf/
_______________________________________________
um;vwfay:rS qif;vku
d o
f nfEiS hf tke;f ode;f eif;vmaom pufb;D eSib
hf mG ;ueJawGUNyD; ndK&if
xdwo
f mG ;&onf/ b,fv[
J k tNyK;H jzifh ar;onfukd b,fvw
dk ek Uf jyef&rSe;f &kww
f &uf pOf;pm;&onfrmS yif
yef;vSygbd/ tke;f ode;f [m ZGwo
f rm; twif;a&Smifvu
dk &f if &Su&f rf;&rf;r,f[al om rcifat;pum;ukd vku
d ef mrd
qGr;f ydUk rvkUd av[k ykrH eS af jymvdu
k &f onf/
]b,fausmif;vJ}
]awm&ausmif;}
][m ...tawmfyJ igvJ tJ'Dra&mufwmMumNyD ausmif;0if;xJu apwDav;udk 0ifzl;vkduf
OD;r,f}
rd;k BudK;ypfawmif cGmrnfr[kwo
f nfU awmufwUJ uyfaeNyDjzpf ndKu tif;[kom wkeUf jyef
&if; ud,
k Uf pufb;D ud,
k rf ysuef if;vmonf/ tke;f ode;f u &ifabmifwef;eif;vm&if; {nfUonfBuD; jyefomG ;
NyDvm;[k NyHK;ppar;\/ tif;..[kom rajzcsif ajzcsiaf jzvku
d &f onf/ ausmif;xJrmS yufyif;wk;d &ifawmU
'kuy [
J k olrylyefae&if; ig..vl&iS ;f rS xGuv
f mwm b,ftcsed u
f wnf;u acsmif;NyD; apmifah eygvdrUf [k
tvkrd us jzpfvmjyefonf/
ausmif;0if;xJ pufb;D 0ifvmuwnf;u aysmNf rL;&aom cHpm;rSKrSm ndKUrsuEf mS ay:rS pk;d &GUH
jcif;t&dyt
f a,mifaMumifh ylyefrKS jzihf azaomif; ajymif;vJcpH m;vku
d &f \/ &vku
d o
f nfUtcGit
hf a&;av;wGif
rsu&f yd jf yvku
d o
f nfU ndKUtcsuaf y;rSKaMumifh azaomif;ud,
k &f edS o
f wfum tomykae&onf/
armiftek ;f ode;f qkw
d m 'Dy*k Kd vfyJ aer,f[k csucf si;f cefUrSe;f rdovk?d aemufqufwjJG yem
rsm;udk a&Smif&rnfU todaMumifh olUqEtm;vk;H udk csKd ;ESrd u
f m awm&ausmif;tpGet
f zsm;zuf oGm;a&Smif
aevku
d &f onf/
onfwaeUtwGuo
f m arQmv
f ifch suu
f if;jcif;r[kwf reufjzefaygif;rsm;pGm twGuv
f n;f
olonf ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk av;rsm;tpm; a&Munfajrmif;uav;udo
k m tvGr;f ajyMunfU&awmUrnf[k em;vnf
vdu
k o
f nf/
____________________________________________
]a&mifpHk ausmufv;Hk t&G,pf eHk UJ a'gif;ig;av;awGu;l aewJU
a&Munfajrmif;uav;udk rsu0f ef;wpkt
H aeeJU
oydwv
f ,
G u
f av; aw;oHudk pum;oHtaeeJU
&SOUf ndKav;&JU tNrD;zm;zm;udk qHE,
G &f n
S af wGtaeeJU
ajymif;vJESpfodrfU&wJUtcg..

uHMurm vufacsmif;u ajymif;jyKwfv&JT m

EG,yf ifuav;wG,&f mrjrJ
ae&mvGJoGm;rSm ....&ifylw,f}
&uftwefMum ndKUudk,fpm; rcifat;u awm&ausmif;okdU oGm; ndKrvm0HUaMumif;..
tke;f ode;f ESiahf zaomif; qkrH mS pk;d &draf eaMumif; ajymjyonf/ azaomif;u 'D&ufyidk ;f wGif ol&wkUd vmrnf
jzpf blwmrSmcsed ;f xm;aMumif; azaomif; rvmrjzpfvm&rnf/ ndKxGurf awGUygESihf [krmS &if; pmwyk'd f
a&;ay;vku
d o
f nfukd tdwyf w
d
f ,lvmcJUonf/
rcifat;jyefomG ;rS ndKziG zhf wf&if; rSex
f w
J iG f olrrsu0f ef;udjk yefMunfUrd\/ aomuvufjzifh
arTaESmufc&H a&Munfajrmif;uav;te,fxum rMunfvifeKd ifaMumif;awGU&onf/
___________________________________________
qmavmifaeaom usm;a&SU orifjzwfavQmufawmU tpmjzpf&&Hk rdS nf/ orifomG ;vkad om
vrf;rS usm;udak e&ma&TU&ef ndKq;Hk jzwfvu
dk o
f nf/ blwm &Sd vbuf&nfqidk w
f iG f waeuket
f csed jf zKe;f ae
aom tke;f ode;f tm; ac:xkw&f ef ndKxkad e&mavQmufomG ;vku
d \
f /
]pufb;D cPavmuf tm;&ifimS ;ygvm; }
][m &wmaygU..b,fomG ;rvkUd vJ[k csufcsif;ajzum tke;f ode;f x&yf\/
aps;BuD;cP[k olrjyefajzonfEiS fh tdru
f pufb;D bmjzpfvUdk vJ[k awmifrar; ..pufb;D
aomUzGiu
hf m vku
d yf Ukd ay;rSmaygU[k ajym xkid cf idk ;f onf/ 'Dvydk jJ zpf&rSmaygU 'Dbw
l mrSm 'Dtcsed &f iS &f adS evkUd
rjzpfb;l qkad wmU 'Denf;yJ&w
dS maygU[k ndKpw
d x
f J ajymaerd\/
aps;BuD;buf olrwdUk pufb;D a&mufvmcsed f &xm; 0ifvmoHMum; azaomif;wkUd tzGUJ awGU
qkBH uNyD[k awG;um tke;f ode;f \ awmifpifa&r& pum;rsm;ukd onf;cHeKd ipf rG ;f&v
dS m&\/
]b,forl qkd ...ydu
k q
f rH sm;rsm;vkcd sifMuwmyJ r[kwv
f m;}
b,fenf;eJU&wmvJ ..ydu
k q
f &H wkidk ;f aumif;wmr[kwb
f ;l [kjyefyufcsiaf omfvnf; [kwf
wmaygU [kom olrtvku
d o
f ifah jzvku
d o
f nf/ tke;f ode;f um; auseyfvsu/f
]ode;f eJUaomif;u b,f[mydrk sm;vJ}
]ode;f ursm;wmaygU}
]at;...'gaMumifh ajymwmaygU azaomif;eJU tke;f ode;f qkw
d m ode;f u yku
d q
f yH rkd sm;wmaygU}
pdwn
f pf&onfUtxJ &,fcsipf &maumif;aom pum;aMumifh ndKzGi&hf ,fvu
dk o
f nf/ tke;f ode;f
um; rde;f uav;oabmusatmif ajymedKif&r,f[al om tcsuEf iS hf abmif0ifNyD[k rSw,
f v
l Quf auseyf
rqk;H /
]'gqk&d if qHyifnyS q
f idk u
f ukb
d oef;u tke;f ode;f xufcsr;f om&rsmaygU }
][m ..udb
k oef;u uav;taz tke;f odef ;f u vlysKd av}
ndKbmajym&rnfukd rodawmU onfvdk vlpm;u onfvdk ajymwwfonfudk odygvQuf

ac:xkwv
f mrdaom olrtjypfEiS hf olryif/ tke;f ode;f um; w[J[&J ,frqk;H / ndKum; udak zaomif;a&..
ndKUtjzpfukd jrifvn
S Uf ygOD;? &Siu
f awmU vkycf siw
f mawG onf;xdw&f ifzdk vkyaf e&vkUd auseyfaerSmaygU[k
om atmf[pfiv
dk u
dk cf sifawmUonf/
________________________________________________
]at;....aumif;w,f 'gudk aumfyDdqGJNyD; trsm;BuD; xkwfjzefU&r,f...tckigwkdUrSm puL
tvSL&Sif&SdaeNyDuG..ol&wkdUqDu pufeJUckd;ckd;vSnfUaewm &wmeJU igwkdUavQmufjzefUwmyJ...}
azaomif; jyKpkxm;aom vufurf;pmapmifukd ol&ESifh xGef;oufwkdU tm;&aeMuonfudk
MunfU&if; azaomif;tm;wufvmonf/ wkUd OpmawG 'Dxufyx
dk ad &mufzUdk vdw
k ,fu.G .acgufcsdK;av;rsuf
ESmvky&f if aumif;rvm; ponfjzihf olwUdk tm;wufoa&mwkid yf ifNyD; ukuKd yifajc&if; rSmyif tcsed u
f ek rf eS ;f
rod nae&xm;vmoHMum;rS uref;uwef;vufrw
S 0f ,fNyD; ol&wkUd jyefomG ;Muonf/ azaomif;&Tiv
f ef;
pGmjyefcUJ NyD; vr;fa&mufrS ndKUudo
k wd&onf/
________________________________________________________
]jzpfpOfq;dk &Snaf MumorQ
tcspyf ifysKd ; a&arsm&awmUr,f}
xko
d Udk olUpdwx
f J a&&Gwq
f akd erdNyD;rS tcspq
f akd om pum;vk;H roifah vQm[
f k rdrb
d moma0
zefum qufumrawG;0HUawmUacs/rcifat;a&mufvmNyD; azaomif;wkUd tqifajy rajyar;cJUojzifh tm;
wufoa&m azaomif;pmjrHKUjyeforQ rcifat; rtDrvnfem;axmifae\/l
]bmjzpfaewmvJ wkdUtvkyfawG tm;&p&maumif;wm 0rf;romzl;vm;...tm;ay;aew,f
vJqad k o;w,f}
azaomif;\ tm;rvkt
d m;r&tar;udk rcifat;u 'guawmU aumif;ygw,f ndKUudak &m
aus;ZL;rwifb;l vm;[komjyefar;\/ [m..b,fvakd r;vku
d w
f mvJ odyaf us;Zl;wifwmaygU [kajzaomf
vnf; rcifat;b0ifrus/aus;ZL;wifwmaygU [kajzaomfvnf; rcifat;b0ifrus/ aus;Zl;wifw,fqdk
wmawmUaumif;ygw,f/ ndKUtwGuf xdcu
dk af pwmawmU rpd;k &drb
f ;l vm;[k ar;jyef\/
bmjzpfvUdk vJ[k oljyefar;rS ndKonf tke;f ode;f udk MunfomG ;NyD[k t&yfxu
J avQmufajym
aeaMumif; rcifat; trsux
f u
G af omrsuEf mS jzifh owif;ay;\/ azaomif; qwfueJ wGeUf um bmvkAd s
[k bkqwfqwfjyefar;\/
n
} Kd tdrrf mS vJ tqlc&H w,f/ [kom rcifat;qufajymonf/
taumif;twGuf wGJvQuf vufcHvdkuf&aom tqkd;tay: azaomif;wkefvSKyfoGm;\/
tke;f ode;f u vk&d mqGaJ wG;NyD; yg;pyfo&rf;wmyJqw
dk m usrwkUd ,kw
H ,f/ 'gayr,fU ndKU&JUajz&Si;f yku
kH dk b0if
rusb;l [laom rcifat;pum;ukd olqw
d q
f w
d af e oabmwlvu
dk &f onf/
]rcifat; bmajymcsio
f vJ}
&Siaf jymoifyh gw,f}

oloufjyif;om ck;d csvu

dk &f onf/ wckawmUtav;teufpOf;pm;wmaygU &Si[
f m awmom;
ta,mifaqmifxm;wJU aemufaMumif;wckukd zk;H uG,x
f m;olqw
dk m tke;f ode;f taotcsmodaew,f/ Al;
pifatmufu &Siphf um;awGukd olrw
S rf cd UJ w,fqw
dk m rarUygeJU[k wku
d w
f eG ;f \/
]tkef;odef; yg;pyfudk usaemfvufoD;eJU ydwfqkdUypfvkdufr,f qkd&if......}
]olUtazu &Si*hf w
k u
f q
dk NJG yD; vufxyd cf yfcidk ;f vku
d rf ,f NyD;awmU....}
][kwfygw,f..usaemfUqEawGukd rsdKodyf&aygif;rsm;aeygNyD|
ausmif;0if;twGi;f wd&pd m efuav;rsm; wk;d oH csKd ;csKd ;cRrcf Rrjf rnfaeonfuo
kd m ESpaf ,muf
om;em;axmifaeMuonf/ n
} Kd u pmav;bmav; ra&;vku
d b
f ;l vm;} [kar;\/
]ndKu wwfeKd i&f if olUtcuftcJudk awmif&iS u
hf o
dk ad pcsiw
f m r[kwb
f ;l ? usru raeom
awmUvkUd om vmtoday;&w,f? &Siw
hf Udk vlawGawGUvku
d &f NyD; taESmift
h ,Surf &Sd tqifajycJUw,fqw
kd m
udk ndKauseyfrmS awmU aocsmygw,f}
olrpum;ukd olacwawG;aeonf/ NyD;rS....
]aemufwcg 'Denf;eJU rvkyo
f ifah wmUbl;vkUd usaemfem;vnfygw,fqw
dk myJ ajymyg&ap
ndKU *kPo
f u
d m xdcu
dk af prSKrmS usaemf t"du w&m;cHygqkw
d mvJ 0efcyH gw,f}
olUpum;ukd rcifat; em;axmifNyD; oHa0* &ovkd nnf;onf/
]wcgwcg &Siw
f Udk a,muFsm;awG[m rde;f rom;qkw
d UJ twdr;f tapmif; rcHwUJ jzpfwnfrKS ukd
av;eufzUkd arUaewwfw,f/ bmeJU wlovJqadk wmU a&pd&k if ysuw
f wfwUJ a&aq;yef;csu
D m;udk rk;d &GmxJ
acgif;ay:wifaqmif;NyD; ud,
k Uf vk&d mc&D;oGm;ovkad ygU}
ol rcsNd yHK; yifrNyK;H edKif /ud,
k w
f Udk tzGUJ awGeUJ csed ;f xm;w,f armiftek ;f ode;f &efu&Si;f atmif
b,fvv
dk yk &f rvJ[k ndKtm; olar;cJUjcif;onfyif rvdrUf wywfEiS hf armiftek ;f ode;f tm; ac:xkwo
f mG ;edKif
jcif; rnfaeNyDjzpfonf/
_______________________________________
ol csw
D cHk swHk pOf;pm;aepOfyif weHeufcif; ndKqrG ;f ydUk a&mufvmonf/ ndKtqlc&H w,fqdk
[k ol*&kPmoufpmG ar;onfukd ndK rom,maom rsuEf mS udk [efraqmifbJ &ygw,f tarwkUd u ndKU
ud,
k w
Hk ,f tJovkd rvky&f bl; qkw
d UJ oabmyJ ajymwmyg[k ajzonf/
][kww
f ,f ndK uk,
d w
f Udk a,mufsm;awGu wcgwav rde;f uav;awGtay: uk,
d x
f ifcsif
ovkd xifvu
dk w
f m}
xifaewmu awmfao;w,f xifaewmudk avQmufajymwmu ydq
dk ;dk wm[k ndK pdwv
f uf
yifyef;pGm rSwcf sucf sonf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf ndK&,f ud,
k Uf twGujf zpf&wmrdUk ud,
k Uf rSmyJ wm0ef&w
dS ,f/ 'gay
r,fU aemufwcg jzpfp&m taMumif; r&Sad wmUygbl;/ ud,
k 'f aD 'ou pGeUf cGmygawmUr,f[k olziG [
hf vku
d f
rdonf/
uGr;f oD;yifay:rS &SOUf uav;ckeu
f ;l oGm; uGr;f vufvKS yf&mS oGm;onfEiS hf xyfwl ndKrsuEf mS
wnfNidrrf KS ysuo
f mG ;onfukd awGUonf/ bmjzpfvUdk vJ ndKvpfwmeJU vmaerSmyJ[k tapmwvsif jyefar;

&if; olrqEudk yGiv

hf if;rSK wckjzifh azmfjyonf/ olUpum;udk uefUuGuv
f adk om rsuv
f ;Hk rsm;yifjzpf\/
BuH&nfa&mif ZmtifusD &Sm;a&mifxrDEiS hf eHab;rSm ,Of,Ofaus;aus;xkid u
f m tazmfjyKay;
aeonfU xkrd ed ;f uav;tm; pGeUf cGmoGm;vko
d nfU qE okUd r[kwf oGm;edKio
f nfUowo
d Ul rSm tvsO;f r&Sad Mumif;
ndK odapcsifvSonf/ okdUaomf....
]uk,
d Uf tvkyf ud,
k pf Of;pm;MunfUw,fnKd oHa,mZOfukd tvkv
d u
dk v
f Udk r&bl; tpmxuf toufukd
wefz;kd xm;&r,fUiSuv
f jdk zpfaew,f ndKeUJ uk,
d 'f v
D ydk aJ wGUaeMu&if waeUr[kwf waeU tE&m,f
u ajc&mcHygvdrUf r,f/ txl;ojzihf ol&wdUk vm&if ud,
k w
f Udk tay;t,l vkyaf eMuwJU pmapmifawGu vl
rdvUdk rjzpfb;l ? rouFmvkUd MunfUr,fqw
dk UJ tajctaea&mufvUkd rjzpfb;l }
][kww
f ,f..tke;f ode;f u olUtazudk vufwUdk vku
d &f if uGu
d eJrad wmUrSm}
ndK&ifxJ ylyefq;Hk tcsuu
f dk rxl;awmUNyDjzpf xko
d Udk zGiahf jymum tke;f ode;f u olrtm;
azaomif;[m awmom;b,fenf;eJUrS r[kwef Kd ifb;l ? bmvdUk vdraf jym&wmvJ[k olraps;BuD;ukd vku
d yf Udk &ef
ac:xkwcf UJ pOfu twif;tusyaf r;aecJUaMumif;yg ajymjyvdu
k o
f nf/
][kww
f ,f ndK ausmif;om;awG tNidrrf aeyJ vSKyf&mS ;aeMuwm tm;vk;H oabmaygufaeM
MuawmU olwUdk oHo,jzpfNy;D zrf;ppfvu
dk &f if rdomG ;edKiw
f ,f}
tajctaet&yf&yftay: ndKoabmrwlyJ vufcv
H u
dk &f NyDjzpfonf/
b,fawmUoGm;rSmvnf; [kom wd;k wdraf omtoHjzihf ar;um olUtm;r&Tiyf seKd iaf om rsuEf mS
jzifh armUMunfUaeonf/
reufjzefyJ oGm;awmUr,fav obufcgqk&d if ol&wkUd vmMuOD;rSmyg olwUdk rvmcif olwUdk
qDa&mufatmif oGm;&r,f? ol&wkUd eJUyJaeNyD; ausmif;zGichf sed t
f xdd Budwv
f KS yf&mS ;ae&rSmyJ ndKUukad wmU tck
uwnf;u eKwq
f ufw,faemf [k olwnfNidraf tmif BudK;pm;ajymonf/
[kwu
f UJ [kwek Uf jyefaom ndKUtoHrmS rxGujf zpf xGuv
f m&aom eKwcf rf;rSm wGv
J cJ v
dk Quf
trQiw
f ef;aeoa,mif/ NyD;aemuf olUtm; rMunfUawmUyJ 'l;wzufaxmuf xkid af evsuyf if 'l;ay:ar;
apUuav;wifvsuo
f rl a&SUrS a&Munfajrmif;uav;tm; ai;MunfUae\/ a'gif;ig;uav;rsm; a&arSmyf if
tMum; wk;d a0SUum vl;vmul;aeMuonfukd olrjrifygvsuf a&awGaemufuek Nf yDvm;[kawG;rdaeonf/
azaomif;onf ndKUeHab;xkid af e&if;yif 'DrmS ndK [kpum;p\/
ndK vSnUf rMunfU 'l;wzufaxmif xkid af eaom ajcusi;f 0wfukd vufEpS zf ufjzifh yku
d x
f m;vsuf
yif jidro
f ufaeqJ/
]uk,
d f tckajymrSmawG ndK rarUapcsib
f ;l ndKtaotcsmem;axmifyg/} [kwu
f UJ [kqu
kd m
ndK rsuv
f mT csvsuf tjcm;rnfoUkd rQ xl;jcm;rwkeUf jyef/
]uk,
d w
f Udk rsupf x
d rJ mS b,fawmUrS MunfUr0edKiw
f UJ &SOUf uav;awGvydk J ndK[m jyKral exkid f
wwfcUJ w,f/ tNrD;zm;zm;BuD;awG wvTm;vTm; eJU avQmufajy;aewJU &SOUf uav;awG MunfUaumif;ovkd
ndKUqHyifzm;zm;BuD; a0qmaewmvJ ud,
k o
f wd&aer,f}
xko
d Udk ajymaepOfyif opfo;D wvk;H ukd rwfwyf&yf aumufuidk rf o
d mG ;aom &SOUf ndKuav;
rSm apGUueJ opfyifay: ajy;wufomG ;onfukd awGUvku
d Mf u&onf/
f

]oydwv
f ,
G if u
S u
f av;vkd om,mwJU ndKUpum;awGuv
dk nf; rarUygbl;} Ny;D awmU 'Da&Munf
ajrmif;uav;vkd tNrJu,
kd Uf twGuf MunfvifcUJ wJU ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk awGuv
kd nf; ud,
k t
f NrJ jrifa,mifaeygr,f/
NyD;awmU ndKwnfcUJ wJUa&tk;d pifxu
J a&vkd uk,
d Uf &ifukd at;jrapwJU ndKUtNyHK;awGuv
kd nf; b,fawmUrS
rarUygbl;qdw
k m ndK ,ko
H nfjzpfap r,ko
H nfjzpfap? uk,
d Uf bufu rysuef Kd iw
f UJ rSeaf om pum;ygndK&,f}
ndKonf olUpum;tqk;H [if;ueJ oufjyif;&Sno
f mcsvu
dk ef Kd i\
f /
ndKbmajymOD;rvJ[k ol*&kwpku
d af r;onf/ ndK rajymwwf ndKvnf;owd&aeygUr,f[k
om wk;d wk;d ajymonf/ twefMumonftxd olwUdk pum;oHrsm;tpm; iSuaf ygif;pkw
H Udk bmombm0 wGeu
f sK;
oHuo
kd m Mum;ae&\/
]ndK oma&td;k pif rwnfcUJ &if ckvdk eKwrf qufcsiyf J eKwq
f ufae&rSm r[kwb
f ;l aemf/ 'g
ayr,fU a&td;k pifwnfrw
d m ndK aemifwawmU r&ygbl;/ qkNH yD;cGMJ u&wm ndKem;vnfygw,f }
]'Dvydk gyJ ndK&,f...aES;wmeJU jrefwmyJ &SMd uwmyg awGUwke;f qkw
H ek ;f rSm ud,
k Uf tay: pdwf
csr;f omp&mcsn;f ay;cJUwJU ndKUudk uk,
d af us;Zl;vJwifygw,f/ uk,
d w
f Udk jyefqMHk uwJUtcg b,fou
l yko
d wd
&vJ qkw
d m ajymcGi&hf yg&apvkUd om ud,
k q
f ak wmif;ygw,f}
]ndKwUdk b,fvjkd yefqOHk ;D rSmvJ} [kar;aom ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk rsm;pdv
k su/f
]ndKq,fwef;atmif&ifvnf; awGUrSmyJav rcifat;eJU ud,
k v
f nf; tquftoG,&f MdS urSm
yJ ud,
k v
f J wcsed af &mufvmOD;rSmyg}
twefi,fpw
d o
f ufom&oGm;jcif;udk ndK rzk;H uG,/f ndK qkawmif;aeygr,f[o
k m ESpo
f rd Uf
vQuf ajymaeonf/ ndK bmajym b,fvq
dk ufae&rnfrod / olrx&yfonfEiS hf olvn;fxvku
d &f yfum
reuftapmBuD; OD;av;wkUd udk uk,
d v
f muefawmUr,f NyD;wmeJU vmr,fU &xm;eJU uk,
d v
f u
dk o
f mG ;r,f/ ndK
tapmBuD; edK;aeatmif BudK;pm;aemf [k owday;onf/
___________________________________________________
nuvnf; aumif;pGm tdyrf aysmcf UJ / tm&kPw
f ufus;D redK;cif olrx jcH0qif;um arQmf
rdonf/ rMumcifyif a&mifeED k rorf;rD azaomif; tdww
f vk;H ausmyk;d vsuf qku
d v
f m\/ jcHwcg;zGi0hf if
NyD; ndK toifjh yifxm;onfU aumfzu
D kd aomufonf/
ndK rdbESpyf g;udk olaus;Zl;wifpum;ajymNyD; uefawmUonfwiG f at;uGm..rif;wkUd uvnf;
qufvSKyf&Sm;aeawmU 'Dtajctaea&mufvmwmudk; ae&ma&TU&NyDaygUuGm ...b,fyJa&mufa&muf OmPf
ynm&S&d dS aexkid jf yKrlaexkid yf g[k OD;a&Tcifu rSm\/
a':wifwifum; ndKtm; xrif;aMumfckdif;NyD; ...aMomf igUarsmufawG waumifwuGJjzpf
aeMuNyDaygU /'kuu
dk yl;aygif;NyD; r&SmedKiMf uawmUbl;[k a&&Gwo
f nf/
]arsmufawGu aqmUayr,fU oHa,mZOfawmU &Sw
d wfygw,f ta':&,f}
]at;yg[,f igvJ em;rsupf ad emufveG ;f vkUd om ajym&wm/ wu,fawmU eifwUdk [m udck ifa&T
aomufwUJ aq;wHvydk gyJ tem;rSm aomufae&if anSmv
f eG ;f vkUd armif;xkw&f w,f/ olr&S&d ifvnf; aSmf
eHUav;yJ owd&aejyefa&m/ }

ol&,f usaemfnKd Uudk eKwq

f ufO;D r,f &xm;vnf; vmawmUr,fqu
dk m rD;zkcd ef;xJ 0if
oGm;onf/
ndKrSm xrif;Murf;td;k ',ft;dk ..rD;zkd wkUd Mum; qDyv
k if; ukid v
f u
dk f rD;arT;vku
d jf zifh a,mif
aepOf ol0ifvmonfukd awGU cPav;aemf[k ajymum uref;uwef; ,yfcyfaeonf/
]xm;vku
d pf rf;yg ndK&,f..'Dtcsed rf mS ndK tvky&f KS wfNf yD; aMumfaewmudk ud,
k rf pm;&ufb;l
wrsKd;Bu;D yJ}
olUpum;aMumifh ndK olUtm;vSnfUMunfUNyD; [kwfw,f ndKvnf;wrsdK;BuD;yJ rvkyfcsifbl;?
&ifbwfxrJ mS ylqmqmBuD; [k 0efcu
H m vufxu
J idk x
f m;orQ vTwcf svu
dk o
f nf/
]ndK ud,
fk Uf udk wckcak jymygvm; nupOf;pm;xm;wm bmrS r&Sb
d ;l vm; ud,
k w
f Udk trSw&f
aep&m }
ndKonf aemufaz;bufoUdk jyLMunfU&m a&mifeo
D ef;aeNyDukd jrif vm..ndKjyp&m&Sw
d ,f
[k qku
d m olUtm;rD;zkad csmifxJ xkwf a&ujyifrS qif;um Al;pifatmufac:oGm;\/ [krd mS MunfUprf;[k Gejf y&m
ykw
f rJaeaom Al;oD;uav;wvk;H udo
k mawGU&\/ ol ndKU rsuEf mS jyefMunfUaomf ndKu olr
tav;teuf ajymvko
d nfU taMumif;t&mudk vGr;f pzG,f pum;oHjzihf ajymjy\/
]awGUvm; Al;oD;av; ykwo
f mG ;Ny}D
ndKUpum;onf xkrd Qomjzpf\/
aMomf..[kom olwtHUwMo a&&Gwrf Nd yD; tawG;rsm;rSm &ifxJ wk;d a0SUa&mufvmonf/
'gud,
k v
f ufnKd ;xk;d vkUd ykww
f mr[kwb
f ;l / ykwrf UJ tvk;H udk vufnKd ;xk;d rdwm [k oljiif;ckv
H pdk w
d rf &Sad wmU
oltvsif tjrefpOf;pm; olUpum;udk apmifph m;aeaom ndKtm; ,ckvdk pDumajymvku
d rf o
d nf/
]ud,
k f aemufq&dk if b,fawmUrS Al;oD;tuif;av;awGukd vufnKd ;eJUrxk;d awmUygbl; ndK
&,f..Al;oD;EkEak v;udk tarT;royf&bl;qkw
d mawmU ud,
k Mf um;zl;vkUd royfcUJ ygbl; }
olUpum;aMumifh ndK pdw&f KS wo
f mG ;[efjzihf ndK 'gawG ajymcsiw
f m r[kwyf gbl; [kqu
dk m
Al;oD;tykwu
f av;udk cl;vdu
k o
f nf/ NyD;aemuf ,lomG ;[k trdeUf ay;\ / oltal MumifaMumifjzifh ,lvu
kd f
&onf /
]'g .. ndKUvufaqmifvm; .. ud,
k o
f rd ;f xm;&rSmvm; }
ndK rnfoUkd rQ jyefrajz ? ESKwcf rf;udk r&,frjyHK;rdap&ef odYkr[kwf rrJYrad p&ef cyfwnfw
f nf
jzpfatmif apYom aeae\ /
],lomG ;ygr,fav .. ]ndK} qdw
k UJ Al;pifrmS aysm&f iT jf cif;Al;oD;uif;av;awG trsm;BuD;eJU
a0a0qmqmaecJUyg / ud,
k Uf aMumifYyw
k o
f mG ;wJU aysm&f iT jf cif;wckuakd wmU ud,
k Mf unfNh yD; aemifw&aeygr,f
[k ol o&kyaf qmifwa,muf jyZmwfxaJ jymonfh t
k rlt&mjzifUajymum ndKUudMk unfo
h nf /
bmaMumifY[k olrod ndKUa&SUrS acgif;idu
k pf u
kd cf somG ;vdpk w
d u
f kd taumiftxnfazmfum
tdraf &SUcef; jyefa&mufvmonf / ol OD;cifa&TwUkd ESiUf ESKwq
f ufpum; xdik af jymaepOf ndK u cef;qD;Mum;rS
olUudk acsmif;MunfUaecJU\ /oljyefMunfUaomf olrxoGm;um ukuK yd ifrS a&tk;d pifukd oefU&Si;f a&vS,v
f yk f
aeawmU\/

&xm;oHMum;aomf oltdrfay:rS qif;vmonf/ ndKtm; ...udk,foGm;NyDaemf ..ukd,fajym

wmawG rarUapcsib
f ;l ? ndK tdrx
f 0J ifaevku
d af v awmfMum ud,
k Uf udek Kwfqufaewm tke;f ode;f awGUoGm;
OD;r,f ..raMumufbl;vm;[k pvkdufonf/
tke;f ode;f ruvkUd tke;f ode;f tazyJjzpfjzpf ndK raMumuf[k ajymcsiaf omfvn;f pum;oH
rxGub
f J a&tk;d pifuav;&S&d mom olroGm;&yfaeonf/ ol&xm;ay:wuf vufjyaomfvnf; ndKu
onftwkid ;f yif ayuyfuyf&yfaeqJ/ vufEpS zf ufukd aemufzufuyf ukuKd yifudk rDum t&kyw
f &kyv
f dk
ussecf UJ aom ndKrSm qHyifzm;zm;rsm;rSm &xm;&Sed af Mumifv
h m;rod avxJ a0U0Jusecf UJ onfuo
kd m olMunfU
&if;vku
d yf goGm;cJU&awmUonf/
rd;k OD;us ausmif;jyefziG hf onfEiS hf oltrd jf yefaevku
d o
f nf/
ol&wkUd xHae&if; qufo,
G rf o
d rl sm;ESihf ausmif;xJ jyefqo
Hk nfwiG f wcsw
D armif;jyefponfU
ta&;awmfyaHk y:vm\/ Aku
d q
f maewke;f udwrf ek Uf vmay;onfEiS hf wlvo
S nf[k xifNyD;tm;yg;w& 0ifEJG
vku
d o
f nf/ ,cifwcgxuf tm;aumif;vmNyDjzpf rausyrJG mS ykpd nfum;vm\/
rcifat;rSm aMumufaMumufvefUvefUjzifh vSr;f arQmMf unfU&if; vlypdk nfum;vm tem;
okdUuyf&if azaomif;udk awGUatmif&Sm&onf/ pD;yGm;a&;wuokdvft0if0 ykdpwmwcsyfxlaeaom
azaomif;tm;awGU ausmu
f v
kd ,
G t
f w
d jf zifh ydw&f u
dk v
f u
dk rf o
d nf/
][m rcifat;...vmavAsm rdef;uav;awG trsm;BuD; ygaeNyD vefUraeeJU...}
azaomif; tm;yg;w&yif eHab;&Sd Avmpmtkyfrsm;udk Tefjy pmtkyftvSLcHrvm;...
a<u;aMumfoaH wG 0kid ;f a&;ay;rvm; MudKufwmvky[
f ck idk ;f \/ rcifat;pdwrf &Snaf wmU /
]&Si[
hf mawG cPxm;ygOD; &Sif ndKUowif;av;bmav; ar;zkUd owdr&atmif tvky&f KS wf
aeNyv
D m; }
[m..[kww
f ,f ndKaeaumif;vm;[k olar;aomfvn;f vufxJ tvkyrf sm;udk rsufEmS r
vT/J awmfNyD [kajymum rcifat;vSnUf xGuo
f mG ;onf/ [m..aeygOD;As...'gav;awG ,lomG ;ygOD; taqmif
rSm vku
d af 0Asm [k olawmif;yef&if; pm&Guw
f xyfvufxJ xk;d ay;onf/
rcifat; yd
k pdww
f u
dk m
]&Sif ...udak zaomif;rS [kwaf o;&JUvm; }
xkpd um;aMumifh ol&&,fum at;avAsm azaomif;b0udk 'DaumifpeG Uf vku
d Nf yD[k 0ifajym
\/
&Sif tlaMumifaMumifvyk rf aeeJU ? azaomif;[m azaomif;yJ awmblwmuav;u rajymif;
vJao;zl; &Siaf jymif;vJcsiv
f Udk b,f&rvJ[k qlqal qmifah qmifh Budr;f armif;\/
]usaemf bmajymif;vJvUkd vJAsm...rcifat;uvJ}
]&Sif pmav;wapmifawmif bmvkUd a&;azmfr&vJ}
] tm...vd y f p mrod . ...}
]bm....bmvkdU rod&rSmvJ olUtaz eHrnfeJU &kHykdifBuD;qkd&if a&mufNyDaygU ..&Sif usr
wkUd awmblwmav;udk rrSwrf ad vmufatmif &l;oGm;NyDvm; }

][m...[kwfom;yJAsm ...[k olt&Sufajy&,faeaomfvnf; rcifat; auseyfrSK

vk;H 0r&ay/
&Siu
hf dk tke;f ode;f tazvufxJ tapmBuD;xJU tyfvu
dk &f if taumif;om; [k rcifat;a&&Gwf
&if; w&SK;xkd;xGufoGm;onf/ azaomif;rSm [m..Asm..a&;vkdufygr,f rtm;ao;vkdU yg[kom qifajc
ay;&if; vufptvkyrf sm;qufusecf UJ \/
_________________________________________
tvSLcHzUkd vmaeMuw,f/ [laom owif;aMumifh rcifat;awGUorQ ydu
k q
f q
H u
JG m taqmif
ay:rS ajy;qif;vmNyD; a0zmwxky0f ,fvu
dk o
f nf/ awmif;wvk;H udk 0g;vk;H vQKd xrf; pku
d pf u
dk v
f maeaom
azaomif;ESihf ol&ukjd rifaomf olrvufweG Uf oGm;\/
awmif;xJwiG f iSuaf ysmo
f ;D ESirhf ek Uf xkyrf sm; awGU&onf/ &Sirf pm;eJU[k qlatmifah tmifah jym
um rcifat; awmif;xJxnfUvku
d \
f / azaomif;&,fum a0zm usaemfBudKufw,fAs pm;rSmyJ[k jyefaemuf
\/
]'Dvrkd eS ;f od&if &Sit
hf wGuf rSew
f csyv
f LS vku
d cf siw
f m..}
rcifat;pum;udk azaomif;em;rvnf..bmvkyfzkdUvJAs usaemf &kyf&nfvSywm usaemf
odNyD;om;yJ ausmif;xJvmavAsm w&m;yG&J adS ewmyJ[ak c:onf/
olrw&m;yGJ rMumcP em;axmifaomfvn;f &Si;f rjycsi/f azaomif; tm;pdww
f
dk ]&Si&hf yk f
udjk yefMunfUzkUd r[kwb
f ;l ausmckid ;f &mrSm bmjzpfusecf UJ rSe;f rodoal wGtwGuf aemufMunfUrSew
f csyv
f LS
csiw
f m} [kaqmifBh uD; atmifBh uD; ajymvku
d o
f nf/
_________________________________
w&T;D &D;T ESiahf vwk;d oHrsm;Mum;rS pum;rsm;udk ndK tm;pku
d ef m;axmifae&onfrmS tm;rvkd
tm;r&&Sv
d o
S nf/ a&'D,kd vkid ;f rSm jynfyc&D;a0;rS vTix
hf w
k af e wk;d wcg us,w
f vSUJ / Mum;&orQ ESihf
yif ndKUrsuaf pUxJ ykaH zmfMunfUonf/ trsm;enf;wl vSKyfvKS yf&&G jG zpfaeaom ausmif;om;tkyx
f J [kad jy; 'D
ajy;vkyaf ernfU azaomif;ukd rSe;f qMunfU&if; toJwxdwx
f w
d jf zpfvm\/
ndK &efuek o
f mG ;MunfUcsiw
f ,f}
tazUtm; rylpmpzl; ylqmrdonf/tazonf tif;...[k oH&SnfqGJNyD; b,folUqDrSmae
rvJ eifah ':av;awG tdref UJ ausmif;uvn;f ta0;BuD; b,foUl vku
d yf Udk ckid ;f rvJ[k jyefar;\/l
]rcifat; &Sw
d myJ olUtaqmifudk oGm;&if r&bl;vm;}
qEjyif;jyaeaom orD;twGuf OD;a&TciftBuHxw
k af epOf a':wifwifx
][UJ..arsmufu 'kutxkyfoGm;rjznfeJUOD; a&ma,mifNyD; tqGJcH&vkdU....}
ndK rsuEf mS pl ndK MunfUcsiw
f ,f ndK MunfUcsiw
f ,f [lom wpmpmatmfaeonf/
_______________________________________________________

nf/
vufcw
k o
f w
H azsmif;azsmif; ESihf ausmif;om;y&dwo
f wfxJ t&yfxrJ S rde;f r vlBuD;rsm;ESihf
twl ndK 0ifomvm&onf &ufu w'dw'f w
d cf ek af eqJ ..rcifat;vufukd rvTww
f rf;udik
f t"dywd
vrf;ay: ndKa&mufvmcsed f tyrf;ajz&dyo
f ma&SUwGif tomcsUJ pufwifxm;onfU pifjrifeh iS t
hf wl azG;aeaom
ausmif;om; y&dwo
f wfukd jriftm;wufvmonf/
bmrS raMumufeUJ ..ig&Sw
d ,f [k rcifat;tm;ay;&if; azaomif;qko
d nfU avvkkd tzrf;&
cufou
l kd b,fvrdk ad tmifBuH&ygU[k awG;ylaerd\/ pmMunfUwku
d o
f pfa&SUwGif ndK tm;ae&mcsum 'DrmS xkid f
aeaemf b,frrS oGm;eJU igvku
d &f mS vku
d Of ;D r,f[rk mS um ndKtm; rcifat;xm;&pfcUJ onf/
tckae&kw&f w
k o
f o
J J 0ifzrf;&if 'kuy J igawmUb,fajy;&rSe;f rodb;l [k tm;i,f&if; w&m;
yGrJ S a[majymcsuu
f dk tm&kpH u
kd rf o
d nf/
t"dywdvrf;upcJUwJU yxrtMudraf usmif;om;oydwu
f yJ udv
k edk pD epfxr;fy;dk atmufrS vGwf
ajrmufa&;twGuf rD;&SK;rD;yef;jzpfcUJ w,f[k tpcsu
D m a[majymaeaom ausmif;om;wOD;\ pum;0,farsm
yg&if;ndK taMumufajyvmonf/
a0gueJyv
JG eS Uf vku
d
f &kw&f w
k o
f o
J jJ zpfomG ;aom y&dwo
f wfudk ausmif;om;rsm; jymjymovJ
xde;f ae&\/ ndKrmS xkid &f mu xNyD; tm;ud;k &mrJU ajy;ayguf&mS ae&onf/ rcifat;rSm pdwyf Nl yD; csucf si;f
jyefa&mufvm\l/
]rajy;eJUndK bmrSrjzpfb;l awGUatmifukd &SmNyD; ig olUudjk ycsiw
f ,f}
y&dwo
f wf jyefNidraf omf rcifat; jyefxu
G o
f mG ;onf ndK &ifwzkzd kd usecf UJ jyef\/ [kb
d ufu
0dZm aqmifawGqadk wmU udak zaomif;wkUd pmoifaqmifu 'DzufuaygU[k olrvSr;f arQmMf unfUvdu
k f a[m
ajymcsurf sm;udk wvefUvefUESihf em;axmifvu
dk } f
av;bD;um;wpD;ay:vSr;f wufvu
dk o
f nfU azaomif;udk jrif udak zaomif;[k rcifat;
us,favmifpmG [pfac:vku
d o
f nf/ azaomif; vSnUf MunfUNyD; [m..vku
d rf vm; tmpDo&D;u tzGUJ awG
udk oGm;BudKrvkUd [k zdwaf c:onf/
]ndK a&mufaew,f...pmMunfUwku
d af &SUrSm apmifah ew,f vku
d cf UJ }
olUrsuEf mS ay:rS tHUMooGm;jcif; vuPmukd rcifat; jrifvu
dk &f auseyfro
d nf/
olum;ay:rS jyefqif;&rvkv
d kd jzpfae\/ a[Uaumif vku
d cf UJ OD;avuGm ..[krd mS csde;f xm;
NyD;awmU[k xGe;f oufu owday;\/ olqif;rnfjyKNyD;wefUaeonf/
rcifat; xGe;f oufudk rsuaf pmif;xk;d &Siw
f Udk zmomoGm;ac:Muygvm; [krd mS vku
d v
f m&
wm awmu oem;ygw,f[k aigufqwfqwfajymvdu
k \
f /
awGa0aeaom azaomif;tm; xGe;f oufu a[Uaumif jyefvmrSawGUawmU ud,
k af &;ud,
k f
wm OD;pm;ray;eJU[krd mS csed ;f xm;wm rif;ygrS jzpfr,f[k owday;onf/
]bmvkyaf ewmvJ ..qif;cJUav..[krd mS aeylBuD;xJ wa,mufx}J
pdwrf &Snb
f J a[mufvu
dk af om rcifat; tm;olrsuEf mS csKd aoG; tckcsucf si;f jyefcUJ r,f
Asm ..a&mU ..aeyl&if OD;xkyfuav; aqmif;ay;xm;vkduf[k qkdum acgif;ay:aqmif;xm;aom OD;xkyf
cRw
f urf;ay;NyD; um;ay:ygoGm;awmU\/
f

rcifat;rSm tidu
k rf Nd yD; ,lrad om OD;xkyjf zLudo
k m a'grmefygygjzihv
f ;Hk acsvQuf ..awmuf
ueJ wufacgufum at;yg &SifhxkdufeJU&SifhuH aemufrS tqkd;rqkdeJU ..tckawmU ndKUxkdufeJUndKUuHyg[k
atmf[pfusefcUJ onf/
um;\ aemufMunfUrSex
f J usecf UJ aom rcifat;tm; azaomif;rMunfU&J MunfU&J MunfU
&if;yif a0;uG,af ysmufomG ;&\/
_______________________________________________
]a&mU..'DrmS ..ESv;Hk om;r&So
d w
l a,muf&UJ MuifemrSK}
aeylxJ jzwfvm&vm; ..rcifat;rsufEmS eDjref;vQuf vufxyJ gvmaom OD;xkyu
f dk ndK
xHay;onf/ azaomif;aqmif;aeMujzpf ndKrSwrf Nd yD; tirf;r& vSr;f ,lvu
dk o
f nfwiG f &ifxJ aEG;axG;pGm
cHpm;vku
d &f \/
]ol rvmbl;vm; rrat;}
]olvm; ..at; aemufMunfUrSerf ygwJUum;wpD;ay:ygoGm;w,f} cwfqwfqwfeKd ifaom
rcifat; pum;udk ndK ar;cGe;f jyefrxkw0f UH /OD;xkyjf zLudo
k m &if0,fyu
dk
f w&m;yGzJ uf tm&kjH yefyUkd MunfU
aomfvnf; r&/ tawG;pkjH zihf &SKwfaxG;aeonf/
rcifat;onf vm..oGm;Mur,f[kqkdum x&yf\/
][m..bmjzpfvUdk vJ ndKUem;axmifcsiv
f Udk vmcJU&wm}
ndKUpum;ukd rcifat; oem;aomfvnf; azaomif;udk xk&u
dk
f trSKefUBudwyf pfcsipf w
d u
f
rukeaf o;? azaomif;vm&Sm&if rawGUbJ a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaeatmif vkycf sifvo
S nf/
]vmprf;yg eifuvJUpm;racscsifbl;vm;...acs&r,f uvJUpm;qkdwm rod
wwfoal wGtwGuf acszUkd vku
d v
dk w
dk UJ qk;H renf;yJ vmcJU}
rcifat; twif;qGaJ c:&m ndKygvmcJUaomfvnf; ra&&mrSKwUdk u BuD;pk;d ae rsuv
f ;Hk uv,f
uv,fjzpfaeonf/ OD;xkyaf qmif;xm; aeylw,f/ 'gayr,fU olUOD;xkyv
f Udk rrSwef UJ [k rcifat; trdeUf ay;
aqmif;vku
d &f aomfvnf; udak zaomif; OD;xky?f udak zaomif;u igaqmif;zkUd ay;vku
d w
f m [laom aEG;
axG;MunfeK;rSKudk olr razsmufcsiaf y/l
pmMunfUwku
d af &SUokUd vSr;f jrif&onfUae&modUk a&TU&if; olrwkUd qufem;axmifMu\/
qJAif;*sLvSKid u
f pcJUwJU ppftmPm&Sif atmufu vGwaf jrmufa&;vSKyf&mS ;rSK[m wkUd aemif
awmf trawmf awG&UJ aoG;eJUa&;cJUwm/ b0awGeUJ &if;NyD; t&k;d awGeUJ cif;xm;cJUwm [laom a[majymcsuf
jzifh aemufausmif;om;wOD; wufvmjyefonf/ OD;oefUeJU rSKd i;f &mjynfU ta&;awmfyHk awGeUJ vufqifu
h rf;
cJUwm igwkUd &JU wm0efukd pufrKS ausmif;om; udzk ek ;f armfu aoG;eJUrD;&SK;azmufNyD; tcsuaf y;cJUNyD igwkUd acwf
rSm tNyD;tjywfwu
dk Mf ur,f[k qufvufa[majymvmonf/
ndK twGucf jH yif;p&mrsm; vSKyf&mS ;p&mrsm; &ifemp&mrsm; wckNyD;wck em;axmifae&NyD; w
ajzmif;ajzmif; vufcyk o
f rH sm; eSit
hf wl wku
d yf 0JG if&rJ ,f r[kwv
f m;..tck tusO;f axmifxrJ mS &Sad ewJU ig
wkUkd &Jabmfausmif;om;awG Mum;atmif vGwaf jrmufa&;wku
d yf aJG wGrmS toufay;cJUwJU igwkUd aemifawmf
trawmfawG&JU 0dOmOfawGMum;atmif a<u;aMumfMurvm;...[laom ar;oH? pifatmufrSausmif;om;
xk\ vku
d rf ,f wku
d yf 0JG ifr,f [laom uwday;oHrsm; em;axmif&if; olryg tm;wufvmonf/
S

&[ef;wyg; a[majym&ef wufvmvku

d f awmfMum xyfrcH sw
D ufvmonfU ausmif;toD;oD;rS
ausmif;om;rsm;udk vufcw
k w
f ;D BudKqv
dk u
dk Ef iS hf ausmif;0if;wckv;Hk ESit
hf wl ndKU&ifrmS vSKy&f mS ;aeonfUMum;
rS pmMunfUwku
d af &SUodUk MunfU &SmazG&onfrmS tarmom;/
__________________________________________
tvsiv
f dk taES;awGUovkd jzpfaeNyD /
vku
d cf sio
f rl sm;udk ac:&ef bwfpum;iSm;&onfU wm0efyg azaomif;,l&\/ vG,v
f ,
G Ef iS hf
r& aemufq;Hk rS [D;Ek;d wpD;&vm tarmwaum ac:um wifvm&onf/ pdwx
f J tvkyu
f wzuf ndK
twGuf tm;em&onfuwzuf / ausmif;0if;xJ jyefa&muf pmMunfUwku
d af &SUajy;rnfMuHumrS jyem
uay:aeonf/
]a[Uaumif pifab;rSm vkjH cHKa&;,luG yGzJ surf ,fU aumifawG tm;prf;aeNyD} ocsmF rS tzGUJ
rsm;ta&;wBuD;owif;ay; olpkHpr;fMunfU&m ausmif;om;a&;yJvkyfr,f..edKifiHa&;ra[majymeJU[kqkd
um olwUdk wcgrS rjrifb;l olwpku pifuw
kd uford ;f &efBuHjcif;yif / azaomif;pifeaH b;wif;usyaf om vkH
jcHKa&;pnf;rSm vufcsi;f csw
d
f umuG,x
f m;&olawG xJyg0ifae&\/
Aku
d u
f w*D*G rDG nfvmrS xrif;rpm;&ao;rSe;f odvmonf/
pifatmuf&Sd xrif;xkyfrsm;rS awGUu&mtxkyfvSrf;qGJ wa,mufuvkdufcGHUa<u;\/
azaomif;wkUd vufwrJG jzKwf um&Hxm;&if; yg;pyfu0g;..rsupf u
d vsiv
f six
f m;&onf/ bJOwvk;H ESihf xrif;
av;ig;vky0f ifomG ;NyD olacgif;&rf;jyvku
d &f \/ piftaemufrmS Budw
f jzpfaeaomjyemudk y&dwo
f wf
rod&ef zk;H zdvsuf ol&wkUd tzGUJ ysm,mcwfaeonf/
]MunfUprf; ckeuyJ tmpDo&D; tzGUJ awGvmwm igawGUygw,f/ b,frvJuakd zaomif; ..
pmMunfUwku
d af &SUudk ra&mufvmbl; } b,favmufaepdrUf vJqw
dk m}
t&m&mudk rsupf o
d il ,fem;oli,fEiS Mhf unfUae&aom ndK rSm rcifat; pum;aMumifh pdr;f
um;jcif; "g;yg;ESihf olr&ifwiG ;f trTe;f cHae&onfU a0'emudk todtrSwrf jyKcsiyf J jyKvu
dk &f NyDjzpfonf/
]igwkUd vnf; qmvSNyD ..vmwckco
k mG ;pm;&atmif }
rcifat; ac:&m ndKUrSm OD;xkyu
f av;aqmif; ukyu
f yk v
f u
dk cf UJ &\/ pifay:wGif 'd;k ywfrsm;
wD; ausmif;olo;Hk a,mufcefUu oDcsi;f rsm;qkad eonf/ [kww
f yd wd oDcsi;f rwdu
k &f bJ qk&d onfrUdk toH
rrSef? ausmif;olrsm;rSmvnf; r&Jw&Jjzpfae ndK0kd;w0g;omMum;&aomfvn;f [,f..ae0if;&JU ...[l
aom toHukd twdtusMum;vdu
k
f ausmcsr;f ovkd jzpfr\
d /
___________________________________________________
][kdrSm ndK ....ndK ...rcifat; ...vmvm..'Dudkvm}
pifaemufzuf olrwkUd jzwfavQmufcsed f &SKyaf xG;aeaom ausmif;om;tkyMf um;rS ac:oHaMumifh
vSnUf MunfUMuonf/ azaomif;rS pifaemufzuf tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ESit
hf wl vlww
H idk ;f ozG,f vuf
csif;csdwfum xm;&mrS ..olrwkdUtm; rcsifhr&Jac:aejcif;yif /

]&Siq
hf v
D mwm r[kwb
f ;l ? bmrS rpm;&ao;vdUk oGm;pm;rvkUd }
rcifat;jyefatmfNyD; ndKvufuq
kd aJG c:onf/ vSnUf MunfU vSnUf MunfUESi'hf &Twf '&Twyf goGm;
aom ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk uav;rsm;udk jrifazaomif; &ifxJ vSKyfcgoGm;aomfvnf; tajctaet& olwwfeKd if
wm udo
k mvkyv
f u
dk &f onf/
]a[U ..a[U 'DrmS xrif;ESpx
f yk af vmufay;vku
d yf guGm igUnDrav; awmuawmifvmtm;
ay;wm ..bmrS rpm;&ao;vkUd yg}
xrif;xkyEf iS hf teD;qk;H ausmif;om;u awmif;xJrmS ykaH eaom txkyef pS x
f yk q
f
JG b,frmS
vJ[k jyefar;onf/ [krd mS ..[krd mS ...OD;xkyt
f jzLav;eJU [
} k ar;aigUomjyedKifonf/ vufrjzKwf&.J .}
rcifat;u aeygap ...usrwkdU0,fpm;r,f [kxkdausmif;om;tm; ,Of,Ofaus;aus;wkefU
jyefaomfvn;f trwdUk awmuawmifvmtm;ay;wmqkd pm;yg/ trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f[k twif;ay;onf/
rcifat;wGeUf qkwaf ekpOfyif azaomif;\ tm;awmift
h m;em rsuv
f ;Hk rssm;ESihf &ifqidk v
f u
dk &f
aom ndKrSm vufxaJ &mufvmonfU txkwu
f ,
dk v
l u
kd \
f / rcifat;u azaomif;ukd tm;&atmif rsuf
apmif;vufeufjzifh ypfcwfcUJ NyD; jyefxu
G v
f mcJUonf/
azaomif;um; reufjzef usaemf rcifat;taqmifudk apmapmvmcJUr,f ndK apmifah evm
ac:r,f pum;awGvn;f ajym&atmif [kom vSr;f atmfusecf UJ \/
____________________________________________
wu,fwrf;usawmU reufjzefqw
dk m ra&&maom umvwckomjzpfreS ;f ndK tckawmU
em;vnfomG ;NyDjzpfonf/ wnvk;H tdyrf &atmif aeUcif;utm&krH sm; zdp;D xm;cJUonfudk rjiif;y,fbJ jyefcH
pm;&if; nonfveG cf UJ onf/ reufjzefawmU udak zaomif;ESihf pum;at;aq;ajymcGi&hf rSm aocsmw,f/ ig
vnf;wckck 0kid ;f vkyaf y;csiw
f ,fvUdk &atmif ylqm&rSmyJ 'grSigvnf; ausmif;olwa,muftaeeJU wm0ef
ausr,f[k awG;um ukad zaomif;ukd ajym&rnfUpum;rsm;udk pDumywfu;Hk pOfMunfUaecJUonf/
] udak zaomif;udak v ndK t&rf;pdwu
f ek af ewm odvm; bmrSvnf; ndKUtay:rSm rcifwwf
bl; ndKUudk aeylcaH qmif;wJUOD;xkyf avmufawmif tav;rxm;bl; OD;xkyu
f akd wmif npfayae&if oefUpif
zdUk owd&csi&f r,f ndKUudak wmU awGUwke;f u ajymcsiw
f majymvkycf UJ NyD; ndK vku
d v
f mwmawmif *&kpu
kd af zmf
r&bl;vkUd ndK pOf;pm;NyD; 0rf;enf;aewm 'gayr,fU udak zaomif;u ndKujkd rifawmU rvmedKiaf yr,fU ]igU
nDrav; awmuawmif vku
d v
f mtm;ay;wmuGm xrif;xkyaf y;vku
d yf gvkUd a} jymvku
d w
f UJ rsuEf mS av; ndK
jrifvu
dk &f vkUd tm;vk;H t&nfaysmo
f mG ;a&m[k olr0efc&H efq;Hk jzwfxm;onf/
a[majympifjrifeh iS fh rvSr;f rurf;opfyif&if;wGif xrif;xkyu
f kd ajzpm;&if; a[majymcsurf sm;
em;axmifvu
dk f azaomif;xH vSr;f MunfUvku
fd f vkyaf eaom ndK tm; rcifat;u roufrom rsuEf mS jzifh
MunfUum
]eif'v
Dd dk xkid pf m;aewm igjrif&wm 0rf;enf;ovkBd uD;a} jymonf/ olrwkUd enf;wl MuHK&m
ae&mxrif;xkyf aNzpm;aeol trsm;BuD;&Syd gvsuf bmaMumifx
h o
dk Udk ajymonfrod/ ta0;uvmwJUolawG
udk auR;MuyguGm wkUd u ausmif;cHawG udpr &Syd gbl;[laom ajymoHrsm;jzihf a0iSay;aeonfuv
dk nf; jrif
ygvsuf }
J

]igajymcsiw
f mu eif[m udak zaomif;qDu &wmqkkd bmrqked UJ auseyfvu
dk w
f myJ a&mif&h J
vku
d w
f myJ igUrsupf x
d rJ mS eifxrif;pm;aewm[m uav;av;wa,muf t&ku
d cf &H NyD; rsu&f nfpufvufeUJ
pm;aewm MunfU&ovkyd J igpdwrf aumif;bl;}
rcifat;pum;aMumifh ndKU &ifxJ ZGwEf pS x
f m;&aom t&mwck bGm;ueJay:vmonf/ xkd
t&monf pdr;f um;jcif; Budrv
f ;Hk jzihf ememeufcx
H m;&aom oHa,mZOfuav;yif uav;i,f\ rsu&f nfpdk
rsuEf mS ? wk;d wdrw
f rd f &SKu
d o
f yH ifjzpfonf[v
k n;f olrbmom odcUJ NyD;om;yifjzpfonf/
ndK bmrS jyefrajymjzpf? olr rBudKuaf om ig;wwk;H ESihf [if;&nfuso
J m ygaomxrif;xkyf
xJrS t&Gut
f zwfrsm;uko
d m 0g;pm;&if;tpmvGeaf eonfU jyukd &Si;f aevku
d o
f nf/
]wu,fawmU oHa,mZOftppfrmS *vJUpm;r&Sb
d ;l qkw
d m igoabmaygufomG ;NyD? tmCmw
r&Sb
d J *vJUpm;b,fv&dk ydS gUrvJqw
dk m igrpOf;pm;cJUbl; ndKa&....}
rcifat;onf 0uFbmwck\ xGuaf ygufujkd rif xGuo
f mG ;olwOD;ES,f xko
d Udk a&&Gw\
f /
ndK um;0uFbmxJ rsupf v
d nfaumif;wke;f qdw
k m ndKomodygonf/
_________________________________________________
reufvif; rcifat;udk arQmaf omfvnf; a&mufrvm ndKUzmom oGm;&efvnf; a':av;
wkUd urvTw&f J aejrifo
h nfEiS t
hf rQ owif;pkaH &mufvmonf/ ausmif;ydwv
f u
dk Nf yD? ausmif;om;rsm; tjyifoUkd
csDwufukefNyD? ajreDukef;rSm yGJMurf;ukefNyD ponf....
ndKUrSm bk&m;pifa&SU acgif;pkduf qkawmif;&kHom naerS rcifat; tiSm;um;wpD;jzihf
rsujf yL;qefjyma&mufcsvmNyD;
]a[U ...ndKa& vpfMur,f tajctaeraumif;bl; eifhtdrfa&m igUtdrfyg tBuD;tus,f
pdwyf u
l ek af wmUr,f[k ac:awmUonf} ndKarsmv
f ifch sut
f m;vk;H udk rpGeUf csiyf J pGeUf vku
d &f NyD/ azaomif;OD;xkyf
av;uko
d m tdwx
f o
J yd x
f nfU blwmokUd qif;cJU&onf/ wNrdKUvk;H um; y&Guq
f w
d u
f kd rD;ESiNhf rdKuv
f u
dk o
f vkd
tk<H u use&f pfcUJ \/
_______________________________________________________
&xm;ay:vnf; 'DtaMumif;udo
k m vltrsm;vSKyfvKS yf&&G aG jymaeMuqJ /ndKvn;f em;axmif
&if; tdww
f iG ;f rS OD;xkyu
f kd prf;MunfUum OD;xkyyf idk &f iS t
f wGuf aemufqw
H iifiif/ ajreDuek ;f rSm vkx
H ed ;f rsm;
ESihf wku
d cf u
dk o
f nfUyGu
J kd toJw,m;,m; Mum;&orQ ndK rcifat;aygifux
kd
k ukad zaomif;wkUd ygrSmao
csmw,f[k wk;d wk;d ajym\/ rcifat;rSm 'DwcgawmU rvG,b
f ;l xifw,ff [kom pd;k &drrf uif;wkeUf jyef\/ ndK
ikrd UJ rJU jzpfaeonf/
]bmrJUaewmvJ rvG,b
f ;l qdw
k m tajctaeawG xde;f zkUd rvG,w
f majymwm ausmif;om;
awGu t&rf;pkrNd yD; t&Sed &f aeNyD? aemufqw
k Mf uawmUrSm r[kwb
f ;l }
ndKwkUd tdraf &SUblwmav;rSm &xm;qku
d o
f nfEiS hf rcifat;jyeftvmudk arQmaf eMuolrsm;
xJwiG f rdom;pkrsm;omru &yfx&J mG xJrS tawmfrsm;rsm;uyg 0kid ;f tkaH &mufaeNyD;tvkt,ufowif;ar;

Muonf/ twlqif;vmaom ndKtm; awGU rcifat;ESifh aygif;rdaeNyD[k wGufcsufem;vnfolrsm;u

em;vnfomG ;MuavNyD/
xkt
d xJ tke;f ode;f vnf; tygt0if/
__________________________________________________________
tar\ pk;d &drrf KS rD;awmufBuD;udk xif;rsm;xyfrxk;d awmUaomfvnf; tyl&edS rf ukeaf o;yJ
w0ke;f 0ke;f avmifaeqJ/ igUrSm tdyv
f Udk awmifr&bl; vGww
f UJ vluvnf; vGww
f ,f oGm;wJUoluvnf; w
u,fUyGBJ uD;rS a&mufatmifomG ;w,f/ igrSm &orQb&k m;&Scd ;dk awG ukeNf yD[ak jymonf/
taz.udkUowif;pkH jrifuGif;pkH olrazmufonfcsNyD; tdyfcef;xJ0ifem;awmUr,f [kqdkum
t&ifq;Hk vkyrf ad om tvkyrf mS tdwx
f rJ S OD;xkyu
f x
dk w
k
f aqmif;MunfUNyD; rSex
f jJ yefMunfUonfU tvkyyf if
jzpfawmUonf/
olr rsuEf mS tpm; OD;xkyyf idk &f iS \
f uHMurmukd rSex
f jJ rif&vQif aumif;aypG [k wrf;wrdaomf
vnf; aomuck;d &ku
d
f ndK;aeaom olr rsuEf mS ukyd if ndKjrif&onfom/
__________________________________________________
iSuyf pfa,mifaqmif tke;f ode;f ndKwkUd jcHaemuf pnf;&k;d em;uyfacsmif;onf/ a&ujyifwiG f
ajccsxidk &f if; ndKUvufxv
J n
S Uf ywfMunfUaeonfrmS azaomif;OD;xkyrf eS ;f tke;f ode;f csucf si;f rSwrf o
d mG ;NyD;
pdwx
f J zsO;f ueJ jzpfum azaomif;yku
H kd jyefjrifa,mifvm\/
]'DZmwfvrf;u rNyD;ao;bl;vm;/ &efuek o
f mG ;NyD; rcifat;eJUaygif;NyD; bmawGvyk cf UJ vJ? 'D
OD;xkyu
f b,fv&dk vmovJ...tke;f ode;f woDwwef;BuD;awG;&if; ajcvSr;f jyefa&TU? *Rwu
f eJ opfuidk ;f ajcmuf
udk eif;csro
d nf/
]azaomif; b,frvJ}
_____________________________________________________________
aeapmif;&if azaomif; raewwfb;l [knaewkid ;f ol atmfcUJ NyD;NyD/ ,ck naevnf; xkd
okUd atmfNyD;rS &ifxaJ &mufvmaomtawG;udk pum;vk;H rsm;jzihf zGUJ MunfUaerd\/
]oHa,mZOf pum;udk o,fomG ;r,fU iSuw
f aumif
tarT;ta&mifvSyom;?
olUtawmif jzwfcx
H m;awmU
ysv
H Qurf oGm;}
vufwqpfcefUom useaf om aq;vdyw
f u
dk dk aumufuu
kd Nf yD; rD;aoG;cJjzifh eH&t
H uG,w
f iG f
xko
d Udk a&;jcpfvu
dk o
f nf/ avmavmq,fawmU tdycf sed [
f k atmfoMH um;vQif ykq;dk NcHK auG;&ko
H m/naeu
rsKd cscUJ aom xrif;u a&jzihyf
G Aku
d x
f rJ mS uRr;f xk;d aeoHMum;&onf/
om;pm;usm;rSe;f odygvQuf zufv;Hk rdcUJ NyD/ ajcuyJ p0g;0g;..acgif;uyJ pudu
k u
f u
dk f rao
f

rcsi;f awmU ravQmUwrf; owfy&Hk o

Hk m[k ESv;Hk yku
d Nf yD; oHwidk u
f dk acgif;jyK eH&aH v;bufukd jcifawmifrw
S u
f m
BudKrjrifeKd iaf om tdrrf ufukd qkawmif;jcif;uif;uif;jzihf BudKqv
dk u
dk \
f /
rk;d waygufayguf jcifwpDpjD zifh tdrrf ufopH Of ed'gef;csND yDjzpfonf/
______________________________________
]aps;BuD;ykid ;f u cifarmifvwfukd odvm;..olvnf;jyefra&mufawmUbl; olUrdbawGvnf;
oem;ygw,f/ vrf;ay:rSmwif aysmufomG ;wmxufpm&if tkwef &H BH um; ykpH x
H rif;pm;ae&wmrS awmfyg
ao;w,fvUdk yJ qkawmif;&rvkjd zpfaew,f }
rcifat; a&mufvmNyD ay;aomowif;aMumifh ndK aq;rvdr;f bJxm;aomtemudk vuf
jzifv
h mzdovkd jzpfvmonf/ azaomif; emrnfukd ndKrac:0HUbJ [kw
d a,mufvnf; OD;xkyaf v;ay;vku
d f
NyD; bmrS rod&awmUbl;aemf[k r0HUr&Jajymrd\/
]awmfprf;yg[,f...olvGwfoGm;vnf; pmav;a&;NyD; pdwfyloufomatmif taMumif;Mum;
zkdU pOf;pm;wwfwmrsdK; r[kwfbl;...iSufaysmfoD; ay:&mrSm aysmfaewJUarsmufvkdyJ}
xko
d Udk ar;NyD;rS olUOD;xkyaf &m[k ndKtm;ar;onf/ pdwaf ygufaygufEiS hf "g;jzihf eKwef Kwpf if;
ypfrnfxif &Syd gw,f bmvkyrf vkUd vJ olUudx
k cd u
dk o
f mG ;ygr,f [kawmif;yef\/
]bmvky&f rvJ[ igu vludk yJx&k u
dk cf siaf ewm}
rrat;qE rMumcifwvk;H w0xJ jynfUygap[kom ndK qkawmif;vku
d &f onf/
rrat;wkUd 'Dvydk J aeawmUrSmvm; [k ndK rcsirhf &Jar;onf/ igbmvky&f rvJ igUowv
d nf;
eifoo
d m;eJU bJOjyKwt
f cGEH mG zkUd cG&J ifawmif vefUaewm [k rcifat; wkeUf jyef\/ ndK ajcqif;xkid af e&mrS
Murf;ay:vScJ svu
dk Nf yD; tvum;yJ[k tvkrd uspmG jrnfwrf;aeonf/
]eifb,foUl rS avQmufrajymeJUaemf}
rcifat;u r&Jw&JavoHjzifh ed'gef;ysKd ;ojzihf ndK acgif;jyefaxmifvmonf/
um;*dwzf ufrmS wkUd ausmif;om;u tzGUJ awG pkpNk yD;awGUaeMuw,f/ igUukad wmifvmac:ao;
w,f/ igodyx
f ifxifay:ay: rvky&f aJ o;bl; vkUd jiif;xm;vkUd olwUdk tcsed w
f ef&if xyfvyk Mf uOD;rSm aocsmw,f/
ndKUrSm EGm;edKUylav;wcGuaf omufvu
dk &f ovkd tm;&So
d mG ;\/ vkyMf uyg? vkyMf uyg? axmif
txJu vlawGukd iJUMuygOD; xGuv
f matmif vkyMf uygOD;[k wzGzw
G u
dk w
f eG ;f aeawmUonf/
________________________________________________
]iydpm;vkUd jzpfwmuG vlqu
D ul;wmvnf;ygw,f/ [m..iydrpm;vkUd bmoGm;pm;rvJ.ayguf
csiv
f nf;aygufumG ayguf&ifuw
k rf ,f zJUr,f} pojzifh 0Ja&m*gonfrsm; wpwprsm;vmNyDjzpfonf/
]azaomif;rSm tawGUtBuHK&ifah eaom ausmif;om;wa,muf\ pum;aMumifh &ifcek pf &m
wck&vm\/ ]wkUd awG rMumawmUygbl;uGm jyef&rSmyg..olwUdk zufu tvSnUf tywfwckck vkyu
f v
kd yk jf y
&r,f /tJ'rD mS wkUd ygoGm;rSmyJ 'gayr,fU wku
d yf rJG NyD;ao;bl; yGBJ uD;yGaJ umif;jyefawGU&OD;r,f[
} al om pum;
udk auseyfpmG em;axmif&if; &SOUf uav;rsm;yku
H dk rD;aoG;jzihf ck;d um a&;qGaJ erdonf/

nf/
]'gbmykv
H u
J }G
]&SOUf avuGm}
]bmvky&f rSmvJ csupf m;vkUd vJr&}
][m..igowd&wJU aumifrav;u qHyif&n
S Bf uD; wzm;zm;eJUuG ?&SOUf eJU &SOUf tNrD;vku
d zf uf
ovkd odyMf unfUaumif;w,f}
]'gqkv
d nf; tJ'aD umifrav;ykq
H yJG gawmUvm;..vd&k if;ra&mufb;l }
tazmfu xko
d Udk wku
d w
f eG ;f onfEiS hf ndKUyku
H kd ola&;qGMJ unfU\/
udkA[def; ...udkAaqG taMumif;ajymoHMum;vkduf em;axmifvkduf vloHwdwfvQif jyefqGJK
vku
d jf zihf &kyv
f ;Hk ay:vmaomf tcef;azmfu okUd tm;ay;onf/
][kwyf gUuGm 'DavmufEmS acgif;BuD;cReaf erSawmU b,fvv
dk rS mS vJ}
azaomif;jyefzsufum jyifonf/ em;&GufBuD;uvnf; um;vGef;aew,f[k a0zefjyef\/
aemufq;Hk wGif yg;pyfeUJ yJajymygawmUuGm[k wzufvu
l awmif;yef&awmUonf/ azaomif;tustexkid f
at;uG igUudo
k u
l udak zaomif;vkUd yJac:w,f/ 'gaMumifh igUudk ol&wkUd u azaomif; azaomif; vkUd
ac:wmuG / igUemrnft&if;u bmvkv
d edk UJ aysmufaeNyD/
]aeOD;uG ajymcsi&f if aq;vdyw
f vdyaf y;}
]rD;nSNd yD;om; wvdyu
f kd jy 'gyJ&w
dS ,f[k azaomif;awmif;yef\/
&w,f 'gyJay;[k qku
d m ,laomufonf/
'Dvu
dk G olUrsuv
f ;Hk av;u a&Munfajrmif;av;vdyk .J .ausmufa&mifpaHk v;awG a'gif;ig;av;awG
awmifjrifae&w,f}
]wifpm;csuu
f kd cPxm;OD; oli,fcsi;f tpujyefajymprf; ususee}
azaomif;u pajymvdu
k f aq;vdyw
f zGmavmufjyefawmif;vku
d Ef iS hf vkyaf eonf/ rif;vuf
BuD;u 0JawGu;l r,f[k xko
d u
l uefUuGuf rif;qDu ul;wmuG BuD;us,v
f Udk [k azaomif;&efawGU&if; aq;
vdyu
f kd twif;jyefvo
k nf/
vkyMf uygOD;Asm azaomif;0Jxl usaemfUudk tedKifusiahf ew,f[k atmfojzihf 0Jxal zaomif;
[k trsm;u 0kid ;f ac:Mu&if; olUrSm *kPx
f ;l wck tyk&d oGm;wmom tzwfwifonf/ ndK taMumif;udk pdwf
wdik ;f us ajymcGirhf &vku
d /f
_________________________________________
a&'D,dk rS owif;aMumifh ndKxckeNf yD; rcifat;tdro
f Ukd 'ke;f pkid ;f ajy;onf/
]rrat;...Mum;vkdufvm;..olwkdUtm;vkH;jyefvmMuNyD [kdwa,mufygoGm;&ifvnf; jyef
ygvmrSmyJ } rcifat;u [JUwk;d wk;d [k owday;NyD; tdraf y:qGaJ c:onf/ vlawGtukev
f ;Hk 'DtaMumif;yJ
ajymaeMuNyD bmawGqufjzpfrvJ rodb;l [k pdwq
f Ejyif;jypGm rcifat;&Gwo
f nf/
aemufw
f aeU um;*dwzf uf olrwkUd ESpaf ,muf ra,mifrvnfomG ;MuonfwiG f [ked m;wpk
onfem;wpk 0kid ;f zGUJ vsuf wk;d wk;d wzkH us,u
f s,w
f enf; a0zefaeonfuo
kd m awGU&\/ vbuf&nfqidk f

qkid w
f ckxJ rcifat;vSr;f MunfUNyD; b,fvv
dk [
J al om t"dyg ,fjzifh toHww
d af r;vku
d o
f nfEiS hf vli,fw
a,mufxu
G v
f monf/ vrf;twlavQmufMu&if; cifarmifvwfjyefa&mufaeNyD[k owif;ay;\/
][dk ..[kd udak zaomif;qkw
d ma&mawGUcJUovm;}
ndKUtar;udk xko
d el m;rvnf rcifat;u azaomif;qkw
d m emrnft&if;rS r[kwb
f J b,f
odcsirf S odrmS aygU [kaiguf\/ usaemfwUdk qufvyk &f mS ;Mur,f/ rcifat;wwfeKd io
f rQ 0ifurl ,f r[kwf
vm;[k xko
d al r;onf/
]udjk rifah ZmfwUdk aemufrmS awmU usr&Syd gw,f a&SUawmU odyrf xGu&f b
J ;l }
&ygw,f 'Davmufajym0HU&ifyJ 0r;fomygw,f/ 'DnrD u &kyH idk Bf uD;orD;r[kwv
f m; wavm
u q,fwef;atmif w,fqw
dk m[k udjk rifah Zmfar;onfwiG f ndK acgif;NidrUf jy\/
]nDra&m...ygrSmvm; tpfuw
kd Udk eJU vufwrJG ,f r[kwv
f m;}
[kwf...[k ndK acgif;ndrfUjyvkdufonfrSm tcsdefyif rqkdif;/
[kwNf yD usaemfwUdk cifarmifvwfqu
D owif;pk,
H Nl yD; jyefawGUMur,f[k udjdk rifah Zmfcsed ;f \/
vQKd U0Suo
f zJ x
kd J ud,
k w
f idk yf g&rnfrUkd ndK &ifwek af omfvnf; ukad zaomif;eJUawGUay;vku
d cf siv
f u
dk w
f m[laom
qEu ykBd uD;rm;aeonf/
__________________________________________________
'Dwcg tazay;aom wm0efukd tke;f ode;f vkv
d m;pGmxr;faqmif&ef uwdjyKvu
dk \
f / &yfxJ
&GmxJrmS owdxm;MunfU [kt
d zGUJ awG vSKy&f mS ;wmawGU&if csucf si;f owif;ykUd prf;? qlcsiyf cl siw
f UJ aumifawG
udk qk;H r&zkUd igUrSwm0ef&w
dS ,f[al om tazUpum;udk tke;f ode;f raemacGUvSonf/
tke;f ode;f wkUd b,favmuft&ma&mufw,fqw
dk m od&rSmaygU ?rcifat;eJUaygif;NyD; tke;f ode;f
udk ta&;rvkycf siw
f UJ ndK b,foal wGu ydpk rG ;fovJqw
kd m od&apUr,f igxifwUJ twkid ;f jzpfaevkUd uawmU
ajcovk;H vmzuf&NyDomrSw[
f k Budr;f 0g;vku
d af wmU\/
___________________________________________
tdrjf yefa&mufNyD; &ufyidk ;f rQ ukyaf e&onfuykd if pdwrf &Sncf si/f
[ku
d onfu owif;vmar;orQ tarESirhf &DE,
G u
f pdww
f ylyjl zifh aMumifu
h srqk;H / ol&ESihf
xGe;f oufwUdk tdro
f Udk vmcGihf r& ta0;rS ud,
k [
f efwjyjy/ azaomif;uvn;f jywif;0u jyLwpfwpf/
vlvpfonfEiS f ah wGUMuNyD; tajctaeudk tMurf;zsi;f zvS,Mf uonf/ qufvyk Mf ur,fqdk
aom tajzom&\/ xk&d ufxw
J iG f olwUdk apmifMh unfUaeaom tqkyd gzufrS tpnf;a0;wckvyk u
f m tay:
,Hajymif;vJrKS wckjziho
f m ESpo
f rd Uf vku
d \
f / vlawGu a0zefrqk;H / azaomif;wkUd vkw
d mr&ao; tdrrf mS
aevkUd rjzpf tukex
f u
G
f qufwu
dk f qufwu
dk f wku
d yf 0JG if&efom qk;H jzwfMu\/ pnf;&k;H a&; twGuef ,f
ajrcGMJ uonf/ azaomif;u ajryku
H dk vufaxmuf ig'De,fw0ku
d o
f mG ;yg&ap [kqEjyKonf/
tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;Mu&if; tqk;H owf [kwNf yD qufo,
G &f efemrnf azaomif; e,fajr
...[k ol&u rSwfom;vkdufonf/

azaomif;&ifrmS tawG;ESiyhf if aEG;axG;vm\/

*sLvSKd irf ;kd pufrsm;Mum; oltw
d w
f vk;H qG
J ,kMH unfcsuw
f ck arQmv
f ifch suw
f ck ESit
hf wl ajc
vSr;f rsm;oGuaf eonf/ aumif;uifwckv;Hk ndK aeonfuykd if awmufyaom tNyHK;[k olowfrw
S x
f m;onf/
tm;vk;H udv
k ufqJG eKwq
f uf ol aygUaygUyg;yg;xGuv
f mcJUNyD/
________________________________
um;*dwzf uf oGm;&rSmawmif cyfvefUvefU / olrwkUd roGm;cif tke;f ode;f u um;*dww
f 0ku
d f olUw
ynfUtcsKd Ujzifh pGeUf &Jrsm;0Jovkd 0JaeMuNyD / udjk rifah ZmfEiS hf cufcufccJ J qufo,
G Nf y;D qkcH u
dk t
f ajctaeudk rcifat;
txdww
f vefU&Si;f jy&\/
]udpr &Sdbl; 'DtcsdefrSm 'DvkdaumifrsdK;awG wuf<ujyaewwfwmyJ ..a&Smif&oa&GUa&Smif
aemufq;Hk ra&Smifom&if jyefcs&yHk }J
ukjd rifah Zmfpum;aMumifh rcifat; ykc;Hk wGeUf um aMumufwwfygw,fqrdk S o&JajcmufwUJ tdrf
Bu;Dd rSm tdycf idk ;f aeNyefygNyD [knnf;wGm;onf/ udjk rifah Zmfu *smuifxrJ S av;cGukd vSpjf y 'gypfwmavmufawmU
usix
hf m;zkUd vkw
d ,f / usm;rra&G; vkt
d yf&if cHcs&rSmyJ[ak jym\/
rcifat; aMumuf';l wkeaf epOfyif ndKu ndK enf;enf;yg;yg;ypfwwfw,f[k tm;wufoa&m
0ifajymonf/ udjk rifah Zmf NyHK; ndKUacgif;udk ykwu
f m usix
hf m;[k wku
d w
f eG ;f \/ ndK tdrjf yefa&mufonfEiS hf
rmvumudik ;f udk vTjzifw
h u
dk o
f nf/ tbarmifu bmvkyw
f mvJ[k qku
d m tem;0ifxidk \
f / ndK trSet
f wkid ;f
yif 0efcv
H u
dk o
f nf/ tbarmif NyHK; ay;ay; usKyfvyk af y;r,f[q
k u
dk m tustexkid v
f yk af eawmU\/
__________________________________________________
a&tk;d pifudk jznfU&ef yk;H qG
J vmcku
d ?f v,form;wa,muf xGew
f ;Hk ESihf ESiw
f u
H idk u
f m cyf
aomufaeonfukd jrifndK &yfapmifah e&onf/ rd;k wdraf wG ndK aeonfrmS raeUuvkyd if toJtzG&J mG cs
OD;rnfU[efyif / &TUH pufrsm;ayuseaf eaom xkv
d ,form;\ ajcwGif 0Jrsm;jynfUae ndK pdwyf supf mG MunfU
aerd&if; ...aq;av;bmav; vdrf;zdkUawmif tcsdefr&bl; xifw,f[k awG;rdum oem;rdonf/
]om"kygAsm ..om"kyg a':uRrJ BuD;&,f }
v,form;\ pum;oHxu
G v
f monfEiS fh ndKUvufrS a&yk;H vGwrf usomG ;atmif renf;xdr;f
vku
d &f \/ &if0odUk 'de;f ueJ t&mwcku aqmifw
h ufvmNyD; ndK wud,
k v
f ;Hk wke&f if; usecf UJ \/
]trav;...bm..bm}
ndK atmforH qk;H cif 0g;carmufudk armUjyaom azaomif;rsuEf mS ESihf wJUwJUwk;d ndK ikrd vkd
&,frvkd rsuEf mS jzifh a&yk;H udk *Gr;f ueJ ypfcsum azaomif;&ifbwfukd vufo;D jzihf w'k;H 'k;H xkvu
dk o
f nf/
azaomif;&,farmvQuf tke;f ode;f r&Sb
d ;l vm;[k ar;\/
um;*dwb
f ufukd rouFmvkUd pGev
f 0dk aJ ew,f/ jrefjrefvm tdru
f akd jy;&atmif[k ndKuref;
uwef;ac:cJU&onf/ a':wifwif tdrf0rSjrifaomf [JU[JU atmfum ...0rf;om0rf;enf;BudKonf/
_____________________________________________

onf/
ola&csKd ;aepOf ndKu rcifat;udk oGm;ac:r,fqu
kd m vSpu
f eJ xGuo
f mG ;\/ ndKwa,muf
xJ jyefvmNyD; rcifat; "g;aoG;aew,f udak zaomif;udk ckwrf vkUd wJU[k &,farmrysuf owif;ay;onf/
naeykid ;f rcifat;rSm 0Jaq;wAl;ESihf a&mufcsvmNyD; &Siu
hf dk ckwcf siaf ewm trSKjzpfrmS pk;d
vkdU[k Budrf;armif;&if;ndK vufxJ 0Jaq;Al;udk ay;onf/ azaomif;u aq;pkHaeNyD raysmufbl; bmrS
aMumifMh uraeuseUJ ukwaf vyGm;av[k nnf;wGm;onf/
vufrmS vnf; yGaewmyJ b,fvx
kd rif;pm;vJ[k ndK *&kPmoufpmG ajym&if; aq;vdr;f ay;
aeonf / udjk rifUaZmfwUkd u &efuek u
f tzGYJawGeUJ odyq
f ufcsiaf ewm b,fvakd wGUay;&ifaumif;rvJ[k
rcifat; wD;wd;k ar;\ / tarMum;oGm;vdUk vefUaeOD;r,f wd;k wd;k [k ndKu avoHjzifY owday;onf /
olwUkd acgif;oH;k vH;k qdik f wGwx
f ;kd aepOf MunfUvkyaf emf MunfUvkyf arsmufo;kH aumifjzpfvmNyD igawmU
abmif;bD0wfxm;&awmUr,f[k a':wifwif jyLMunfU&if; &ifarmoHjzifU a0zef\ /
_________________________________________________________
rcifat; ud,
k w
f ikd v
f nf; roGm;&J tazmfvnf;rvdu
k 0f hH / azaomif;a&;ay;vdu
k af ompmESiUf
rcifat;\ axmufccH suu
f kd ndK ,l &Syt
f uFsaD umuf0wfum tdwx
f t
J uste xnfUonf /
]r,frif;BuD;r&,f .. igyg yHpk H iydpm;&awmhr,fxifw,f[k rcifat; rsupf yd surf suEf mS ysuf
a&&Gwaf e azaomif; rpcsiaf wmYbJ rylygeJUAsm .. ndK'Davmufawmh tjzpf&ydS gw,f[o
k m tm;ay;&\/
reufu tarUudk aps;rS 0,fcikd ;f aom ydwpf udk udik u
f m ndK pufb;D ay:wuf [efrysuf
xGuo
f mG ;cJUJ onfrmS bmrSrxl;jcm;onfU[ef / rde;f rtuFscD sKyq
f ikd x
f J ndK 0iftxufqifwyfcsiv
f Ukd [k
ajymum udjk rifUaZmf\nDr rolZmeHab; 0ifxikd o
f nf/
vlvpfonfEiS Uf tpfr tudk udk ay;ay;yg odw,fr[kwv
f m;[k wD;wd;k ajym&if; pmacgufukd
vufxJ xd;k xnfU\ / rolZmrSm 0ef;usiu
f kd vSpcf eJMunfU&if; ? oabmaygufw,f ? odyrf &JeUJ OD;[kom
wkeUf jyefNyD; tyfcsKypf ufay: ndKUydwpf udk jzefUwifvu
kd \
f /
________________________________________________________
waeUvHk; wnvHk; ndKUtdrfrSmatmif; jzpforQZmwfaMumif;pHkudk cif;&onfrSm
azaomif;twGuf 0Juw
k &f onfUt&omyif ? rjrif&aom vSKyf&mS ;rSKrsm;aemuf aumufaumufygaeonf/
ndKonf Murf;ay: acgif;tH;k cs tm;yg;w& avsmif;um Zdrt
f usq;kH nyJ[k auseyfpmG
awG;aerd\ / ZmwfaMumif;jyefNyD; OD;cifa&TEiS Uf azaomif; a&SUa&;wdik yf ifaecsed f ndKrSm eHab;wGiyf if
acGacGuav; tdyaf ysmfaeNyDjzpfonf /
________________________________________________________
reufr;kd rvif;cif rd;k onf;onf;Mum;rSm ndKx azaomif;udk ESKd ;&onf /
udjk rifUaZmfwUkd ESiUf csed ;f qd&k m awm&ausmif;oGm;&mvrf;qHo
k Ukd azaomif; xGuo
f mG ;rS
oufjyif;csum tdy&f modr;f &\ / 'efUovGe&f u
G [
f if;cg; aomufcsiv
f Ukd [k atmfum aeUvnfbufwiG f
rcifat; a&mufvmonf / ndKESiUf twl 'efUovGe&f u
G cf ;l Mu&if; 0Jxal zaomif;tm; udjk rifUaZmfwUkd u
v,form;wa,muf\ v,fapmifUwJwiG yf if ae&mcsay;vdu
k Nf yDjzpfaMumif; rcifat; owif;ay;\ /

0Jaq;vdr;f ay;&onfUwm0efukd rpGeUf csib

f J ndK pGeUf vdu
k &f awmUonf /
]ol xrif;pm;zdUk aum }
ndK\ ylyefcsuu
f kd rcifat; pdwrf &Snf / [m.. [du
k vkyaf y;&rSmaygU eiftomaeprf;yg/
igwkUd rolZmeJUyJ qufo,
G Mf u&r,f tJ'gyJ enf;enf;yd&w
d ,f [kjyefajym\/
&ufyidk ;f wGi;f rSmyif ndK wkUd awmNrdKUuav; vSKyv
f KS y&f &G jG zpfvmonf/
aps;BuD;teD; ukuKd yifwiG f uyfxm;aom vSKUH aqmfypkd wm wcsyaf Mumifyh ifjzpf\/ tke;f ode;f
\zcifrmS igUcGix
f aJ wmU vmrvkyef UJ rsKd ;uef;ukerf ,f[k Budr;f 0g;&if;vlppk ak wGUwkid ;f rouFmrsuv
f ;Hk rsm;
jzifh jcdr;f ajcmufaeonf/ rMumrDyif olwUdk aumifp&D ;Hk a&SU ydpk wmwcsyf tcefUom;a&mufvm\/
vlawG0idk ;f tkMH unfUaepOfyif tke;f ode;f zcifrmS uwk;H ay:'ufaygufonfU rsuEf mS jzihf atmf
[pfarmif;xkwNf yD; jzKw,
f o
l mG ;\/ rcifat;yg;pyfyw
d
f wcGcd &dG ,fonf/ tke;f ode;f rausrcsr;f MunfUae
tdrx
f 0J ifNyD; ykae&\/
______________________________________________
ndK...odNyD;a&maygU &Spf&ufaeUpr,f ..udk,fUzufrSm tm;vkH;eD;yg;tqifajyygw,f/ t
a&;BuD;wmu tpDtpOf tao;pdwcf szUkd ud,
k w
f Udk tzGUJ awG qkMH ur,f/ pnf;a0;zkUd tcsed ef UJ ae&mudk udjk rifah Zmf
wdUk a&G;aew,f / ndKeUJ rcifat;u rolZmwkUd eJU awGUNyD; qufvyk &f rSmawG &Sw
d ,f/ tJ'u
D s&if odvrd Uf r,f/
usr;f rm csr;f omygap ]0Jxal zaomif;}
ndK pmukzd wfNyD;NyD;csi;f 0g;pm;vku
d o
f nf/
0g;zwfcarmufu,
kd pf D &Smxm;MuNyD; a,muFsm;wkUd u ucsiv
f jHk cnf ud,
k pf ED iS hf vnfuwk;H
tjzL&Syt
f uFsv
D n;f toifh /&Sp&f ufaeUtwGuf tao;pdww
f idk yf if&efom vkad wmUonf ndKU &ifcek af eaomf
vnf; wuf<ujcif; tjynfU/
_________________________________________
tcef;wHcg;ydwx
f m;ygvQuf rcifat;rSm wkw
H cHk scd sd /ndK,v
l maom ydwpf eDudk rolZmujzefU
cif; ajrjzLjzifh tMurf;jcpfaeonf/ a&T0ga&mif ydwpf jzifh nSyx
f m;aom cGyaf 'gif;&kyu
f kd cif;uyfMunfU
csed f rcifat;x a&wcGucf yfum wcGycf yG af omufae&\/
ndK ESihf rolZmESpaf ,mufom wnfwnfjidrNf idryf if vufcsKycf sKyaf evku
d o
f nf/
ndKwUdk tdraf emufzuf v,fuiG ;f udo
k m pka0;&efq;Hk jzwfMuonf/ rk;d nonf tarSmifxx
k J
a&oHr;dk oH wpdrUf pdrUf jzifh at;jrvQu/f ndKU&ifxaJ wmU qlyu
G af eonf/
n\ rd;k tarSmif&yd rf mS yif pufb;D wpD; jzwfomG ;wkid ;f 'g udck ifarmifvwf 'g udjk rifah ZmfyJ
[k ndK twwfoad eonf/ jcHpnf;&k;d em;uyf jcHwiG ;f rS acsmif;ajrmif;MunfUae&onfU t&omrSm wouf
ESiw
hf uk,
d f rBuHKpzl; &ifcek x
f ;l ygbd/ rcifat;rSm aMumuf';l wke&f if; igtdraf &SUrSm vlv;Hk oGm;jyxm;OD;r,f
awmfMum tke;f ode;f wkUd om;tz vmMunfUcsiMf unfUaerSm [kqu
dk m blwma&SUzufjyefxu
G jf yef\/
blwm0if;wGi;f vufq
f rJG eS t
f rd w
f vk;H eSihf xkid v
f Quf idu
k jf rnf;aeaom tbarmiftm; tke;f ode;f
zcifu tapmBuD;&Sad o;w,f idu
k af eNyD vm;[kar;NyD; vufEydS "f gwfr;D jzifh [k[
d o
dk nfonfx;dk MunfUaeonf/

tbarmifu ysif;&djcif; vGr;fojH zihf at;Asm ..rk;d at;at;eJU auG;aezdUk yJ taumif;qk;H [k

wkeUf jyef\/
]rtdyef Kd iyf gbl;Asm &yfa&; &Gma&; &Sad o;w,f vSnUf ae&rSmyJ [k tke;f ode;f zcif toHus,f
us,af jym&if; aemufawmfyg; aumifp0D ifrsm;ESihf t&Hr;D owftzGUJ tm; OD;aqmif xGuo
f mG ;onf/ t&Hr;D
owf0wfpEHk iS hf vScsiw
f idk ;f vSaeaom tke;f ode;f uvnf; zatwlom;yDyD vufEySd "f gwfr;D wzuf?wkww
f zuf
jzifUrnf;rnf;jrifwikd ;f vdu
k x
f ;kd um wuf<uaeonfukd rcifat;Munf&if; ndKUudv
k ufuw
k o
f nf/
raMumufygeJU rrat;uvnf; ndK wdUk tdraf SUrSmvlv;kH jywmyJ-v,fuiG ;f zufawmUolwUkd
oGm;zdUk pdwu
f ;l &rSm r[kwyf gbl;[knKd tm;ay;vdu
k &f \/
ndK csucf si;f tdraf emufaz;jyefqif; jcHawmifUrS acsmif;MunfUae\/udjk rifUaZmfwUkd uif;csxm;
wmvHyk gUrvm;-um;vrf;onfzufrmS b,forl rS &Szd ;l xifw,f/[dzk ufuek ;f avQmMum;u vmMunfU&if'u
k
a&mufr,f[k awG;&if;ylyefvm\/
v,fuu
G x
f &J dS ukuKd yifatmufr;kd ntarSmif0,f azaomif;wdUk pkrMd uNyD[k ndK em;vnfvu
kd f
onf/zg;&du
k cf sifa,mifaqmif uif;apmifUay;aeaom v,form;om;av;rsm;u rD;tkyaf qmif;av;rsm;
jzifU tcsujf yaeMuonf/vlpNkH yD xl;jcm;rIrS[
d o
l nfU oauFw/
ndKonf taEG;xnf xJUxJUxm;aomav;cGESifYavmuf pmvHk;rsm;udkprf;&if; 'gawG
udak zaomif;wdUk udak y;vdu
k &f &if taumif;om; olwUkd ygrSygMuygYrvm;[kyrl jd yef\/aMu;eef;wdik zf uf
v,fuefoif;wGif udck ifarmifvwf\ nDEiS Uf vli,frsm; cGu,
kd pf jD zifU SMd urnfukd ndK odaomfvnf;?
uke;f avQmMum;ql;jcHKaygonfUae&mrSmvyfaeonfuakd wGUndKUpdwx
f J rod;k roefUjzpfvmjyef\/&xm;vrf;
wavQmufxu
G o
f mG ;aom tke;f ode;f wdUk tzGUJ vnf;b,faysmufomG ;ygvdrUf ndKxdwu
f eJjzpfum tarSmifxJ
tm;,lMunfUrd\/
pmtkyq
f ikd zf uf vrf;oG,o
f Ukd csKd ;roGm;wmaocsmonf/'gqdb
k ,fa&mufomG ;vJ/ndKawG;&if;
&ifwxdwx
f w
d cf ek v
f m\/tdraf y:jyefwufum MunfUonf/tazESiUf rcifat;u a&'D,ekd aH b;em;axmif&if;
tmkpH u
kd af eMuovdk taru bk&m;Spcf ;kd aeNyD/vd&k r,f&[kawG;umtazi,fpOfu odik ;f upm;onfU
Sr;f abmif;bDukd ndK,l0wfvu
kd
f qHyifuu
dk spu
f sppf ;D NyD; 0g;carmufaqmif;um av;cGuikd v
f Qujf cHaemufaz;
wHcg;ukt
d omzGix
hf m; acsmif;aevdu
k o
f nf/
MunfUprf;--uke;f avQmtwdik ;f 0yfNyD; qif;oGm;wmt&Hr;D owfawGr[kwv
f m;- rd;k zGzJ aJG tmuf
vQypf ;D vufvu
kd pf Of vufEydS "f gwfr;D rS owKa&mifjyefomG ;wm ndKtaotcsmjrifvu
kd &f onf/
]olwUkd oGm;0dik ;f MuawmUr,fxifw,f/rouFmvdUk vm;-owif;&vdUk vm;-wpfcck yk J igbmvky&f
rvJ}
olrtawG;rqH;k jzwfEikd o
f nfxuf ydMk umvQiv
f ,fuiG ;f pyfrw
S qifU azaomif;wdUk S&d ma&muf
oGm;awmUrnf/c&mql;jcHKMum;ae&mrdkU uif;vTwfxm;onfUaygUqrIudk ndKrausrcsrf; awG;aepOfyif...
c&mql;jcHKeiS Uf "g;vG,cf w
k u
f sonfU 0g;yHt
k uG,rf S &dycf eJvyk f mS ;rIwpfcu
k kd ndK jrifvu
kd \
f /
jcHKwd;k aeaom tke;f ode;f wdUk tzGUJ um;vrf;teD; ra&mufcifyif atmf[pfoH qJqo
kd rH sm; xGuv
f mNyD;
z&dzk &Jjzpfuek o
f nf / 0g;yHt
k uG,rf S 'vpyfxu
G v
f maom avmufpmvH;k rsm;Mum; tvl;tvJcaH e&jcif;yif

ql;jcHKwiG ;f rS v,fuu
G q
f aD &mufatmif ajy;&if; uRx
H u
G v
f maom tke;f ode;f udk ndKawGUonf/
bmrSawG;raeawmU/ jcHwcg;zGiUf NyD; tarSmif&yd x
f J ajy;oGm;um jcHKyw
k af umif;aumif;Sm0yfu,
G v
f u
kd o
f nf/
tke;f ode;f rSm a[UaumifawG .rajy;eJU igwdUk t&Hr;D owfawG.. [kom atmf&ao;onf / av;cGwurf;pmu
tke;f rSKwcf u
G u
f rkd eS af tmifypfEikd af eNyjD zpfonfU ndKUvufcsujf zifU a*gufueJ ndKS UolBu;D rSeu
f m w0if;0if;xd;k aeaom
vufEydS "f mwfr;D BuD; vGwu
f sonf /
ukef;avQmwavQmuf qif;vmorQ 0g;yHktuG,frS u,fwifSifESifU jcHKuG,frS ndKu
ESpzf ufnyS
f 'vpyfypfonf / xdwma&m rxdwma&m tm;vH;k xda&mufonfyif / udck ifarmifvwf\
nDrsm;zufrS cHypforH sm;Mum;&onf / rD;tkyaf qmif;uav;rsm; tvefUwMum; tE&m,ftcsuaf y;jyMuukeNf yD
pnf;a0;rSKNyD;rNyD;awmU ndKrod ? tcsed rf u
DS muG,Nf yD; vGw&f majy;Edik Mf uNyDqw
kd mawmU ndK cefUrSe;f Edik cf UJ onf/
avmufpmvH;k ukeo
f nfEiS Uf tarSmif&yd x
f pJ u
G u
f eJjyefajy;NyD; AGut
f ikd rf sm;Mum;rSyif jcHwcH g;S&d m
wAGrf;AGrf;kef; jyefwufvmcJUonf / [JU ..ndK ..trav; tm;vHk;awmU 'kua&mufukefNyDrSwfwm[k
rcifat;jcHwiG ;f rS wqwfqwfwek
f ckeu
f m Budwaf tmfae\ /
ndKu tm;yg;w&toHjzifU vGwo
f mG ;MuNyDaocsmw,f[ak jymum tdraf cgif;&if;bufajy;
jcHpnf;d;k xJrS acsmif;jyef\ / 0g;yHt
k uG,rf S t&dyw
f ck okwu
f eJaygUyg;pGm a&TUajy;vmNyD; zwfueJ zwfueJ
opfyif&yd rf sm;Mum;ckeu
f ;l vmonf /
]tdk;..tbarmif...[kwfvdkufav 'grSwdkUtbarmif }
ndKonfuav;wa,mufvkd ckeaf ygufum jcH0if;tarSmifxu
J ypfvu
kd \
f / tbarmifum;
vSpu
f eJa&pnfem;uyfum ajcaq;aeonf / ndK ykq;kd a[mif;wxnf toifUawGU tbarmif a&mU..
uefawmUyg&JU[k ypfay;vdu
k \
f / tbarmifzrf;,l&okwNf yD; blwmHx
k J dS yufvufuv
k m;xdik o
f Ukd
jyefvpf\ /
rSKrvS wyfysu
f jyefvmMuaomtke;f ode;f wdUk om;tzESiUf tzGUJ blwma&SUodUk rausrcsr;f
qlyu
G v
f Qujf yefa&mufvmcsed f um; oajyyef;jzifUBudKorl &Sd /
yufvufuv
k m;xdik af y: acGapmif;apmif;ESiUf wcl;cl;a[mufaeaom tbarmifom&S\
d /
ndK jyLwif;0rSu,
G u
f m Adu
k u
f Ekd ydS
f &,fcsipf w
d Nf rdKoyd x
f m;&onf /
_______________________________________________________
ordik ;f 0iftvSnt
hf ajymif;wckwiG f ndKwUkd NrdKUuav; tjcm;NrdKUenf;wl *kPrf i,fwrf;
0guswaMumif;a&;Edik cf NhJ yDjzpfonf / xd0k guswiG f ndKwUkd taejzifU rSipf ufuav;wpuftjzpf yg0ifciG Uf vnf;
&cJUNyD / 0g;carmufu,
kd pf jD zifU wufvmolwUkd vufrS a'gif;tvHwvlval tmuf ndKwa,mufvnf;
vdu
k cf iG Uf &cJUNyD /
xdw
k nu jzpfpOfwiG f azaomif;wdUk pum;rjywfMuao;aomfvnf; ta&;BuD;onfh
nSEd idI ;f rINyD;csed jf zpf atmifjrifcUJ onf[yk if qd&k rnf / yGzJ suf w
kH ifru om;aumifuykd gzrf;pm;rnfrh q
k ;kd tzGUJ udk
wm;qD;Edik cf o
hJ nfrmS b,fob
l ,f0gjzpfaMumif; ndK rajymcJU / odUk aomf rcifat;u az:aumifvyk
f
ndKESiUf tbarmiftm; tm;vH;k u vIu
d v
f aJS ompum;wdUk jzifUtodtrSwjf yKay;onf /
[efraqmifEikd af om ndKu auseyfpmG jyHK;aeoavmuf tbarmifum; olbmrSrodvu
kd o
f vdk

ukyu
f yk af ejrJ / xdn
k aemufyikd ;f 'vMurf;armif;usm;emcJccJ siaf eaom tke;f ode;f wdUk om;tzESit
hf zGUJ \&efukd
vGwaf tmifaSmif&if;..tjcm;NrdKUrsm;ESiUf csdeu
f u
kd f olwUkd oydww
f u
kd yf JG qifEikd cf YJ NyD /
t&yfxJrS vli,frsm; wdkifuDpnfydkif;rsm;vSdrfU NrdKUv,f pifrSmxkd;onf/ xkdtay:odkU
udck ifarmifvwf udjk rifah ZmfwUdk cefUcefUjim;jim;wuf&yfeKd ifcsed w
f iG f ndKrSm y&dwo
f wfxrJ S ykpd wmudik af NrSmuf
&if; vufcyk o
f x
H ufus,af vmifaom 0r;fajrmufjcif;\ &ifcek o
f rH sm;jzifh tmay;cJU&\/ rcifat;rSm yk0g
udk ajrSmufumajrSmufum vlv;Hk jy rqk;H edKif/pifaemufzuf rSm aowma[mif;wvk;H ay:xkid
f tcrf;t
em;tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGaJ eaom azaomif;um; rd;k a&aMumifh jyefeK;vmaom 0Jrsm; udu
k w
k v
f u
dk .f .a&SUaemuf
pDpOfoifrh oifh jyefjyif&if; acgif;udu
k w
k v
f u
dk /f
azaomif;ESihf [kww
f yd wfwd pum;ajymcGihf r&aomfvnf; ndK auseyfvsuyf if/ yku
d q
f aH y;
0,fygvsuf jymjymovJ 0rf;ajrSmuf0rf;om vlwef;cGi&hf vku
d af om aq;qkid &f iS v
f ufrS 0Jaq;Al; ndKvuf
cH pifeHab; csn;fuyfvmonf/ vltkyfuMum;cHae? rrDrurf;jzihf 'DrSm 'DrSm [k ndKvSrf;ac:onf/
azaomif;uvSnUf MunfUNyD; tvky&f KS y&f wJUtxJ bmvJ[al om tMunfUjzihf jyefar;\/
ndK w&if;wES;D NyHK;jy&if; aq;Al;ukd ajrSmufjyonf/
azaomif;eHab;wGif bke;f awmfBuD;wyg;ESihf &yfr&d yfztcsKd U0kid ;f tkaH e\/ azaomif; ndKjy
aeonfudk rjrifovkdvkyfNyD; ..tJ t&Sifbk&m;u t&ifa[mygbk&m; ..NyD;awmU a&SUaeBuD;tvSnfUyg/
a[majymyGNJ yD;&ifawmU oydwpf cef;zGirhf nfU ae&mtwGuf &yfr&d yfzawGeUJ t&Sib
f &k m;wkUd yJ a&G;ay;Muyg/
udjk rifah ZmfwUdk qEeiS v
fh nf; nSMd uygbk&m; pojzihf pDpOfcsrw
S af e\/
olrjrifb;l xif ndKu 'DrmS aq;Al;av..ydq
k ;dk ukerf ,f [katmfum xyfjyonf/
azaomif;bkMunfUMunfU bmvJ usKyu
f kd vlyt
Hk v,frmS t&Sucf w
JG ,f usKyrf mS 0JawG&w
dS m
vmaMujimwmaygU[kwv
f m;..[kcyfwnfwnfjyefa[muf\/ ndK aMumiftrf;trf; jzpfNyD;rS &Su&f UHG 0r;fen;f
pGm jyefvn
S Uf onf/
]a[U a[U 'DrSm ...ay;cJU?bmxl;awmUrSmvJ vlodukefNyD/ rif;&JU0Jaq;aMumfjimcsifwmeJU
igUudv
k o
l u
d ek Nf y} D
xko
d Udk azaomif; ajymonfwiG f pifaemufzuf&dS tzGUJ om;rsm; wcGcD &dG ,fMu\/ ndKum; &Su&f u
S ef UJ
aq;Al;udk eD;&mvlvufxJ xnfUNyD; jyefajy;cJU&\/
rcifat;onf olreHab; jyefvmxkid af om ndKtm; qGq
J w
d
f eifuvnf; [kwo
f m;yJ vl
vnfacgifBu;D [kqu
dk m Al;av;&m z&kq
H ifv
h u
dk o
f nf/ ndKrmS aemifw&&rSmvm; ..0rf;enf;&rSmvm; ra0cGw
J wf/
jyefqef;ppf&if; ESpcf v
k ;Hk cHpm;ae&NyD qdo
k nfukd &ifxrJ mS usiu
f eJ cHpm;vku
d &f oabmayguf
vku
d \
f /
tcr;ftem;NyD;umeD;wGif tck &efuek u
f vmNyD; 'DrmS pnf;&k;H qufo,
G v
f ufw&JG if; 'Dta&;
awmfyHk qifEaJG ewJU ausmif;om; udak zaomif;u pum;ajymygvdrUf r,f[k tcrf;tem;rl;u aMujimvku
d f
\/ azaomif;tHUtm;oifo
h nfukd udjk rifah ZmfEiS hf udck ifarmifvwfwUdk &,farm wufwuf ..tvSUJ usr
EGUJ &bl;? usaemfwUdk csn;f rku
d cf ikd ;f vkUd b,f&rwke;f Asm [k wku
d w
f eG ;f um pifay:wif\/
azaomif; r&G,yf J pifay:a&mufvm&\/
usaemfUemrnf 0Jxal zaomif;yg[k rdwq
f ufonfu p y&dwo
f wfyiG v
hf if;pGm &,fvu
dk f

Muonf/azaomif;rSm oleiS w
hf uG axmifxaJ &mufcUJ ol tm;vk;H vkv
d dk 0Jrsm;aygufcUJ aMumif; 'DNrdKUav;ukd
ol,cifu a&mufz;l aMumif; tpjyefcsND yD; ajymjyonf/ y&dwo
f wf pdw0f ifwpm;&ifcek v
f suf em;axmifae
Mu\/ axmifwiG ;f rS tawGUBuHKrsm;yg a&maESmajymjyNyD; okUd pum;udk ed*;Hk csKyo
f nf/
]tJ'u
D xGuNf yD;&vmwJU 0Ja&m*gudk 'DNrdKUav;a&mufwmeJU 'DuarmifErS &if;csm MuifemrSK
awGeUJ ukoay;&if; aysmufvek ;D eD;&Sad ecJUwm /usaemfwUkd tm;vk;H rk;d a&xJjyefxu
G Nf yD; csw
D ufcsed f a&mufvm
awmU 0Jajcmufa&eK;jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fU 'gaumif;ygw,f / 0Jujyefpv
kd mawmU 'DNrdKUav;u &Jabmf
rsm; ? rdom;pkrsm;&JU MuifemrSKukd jyef&w,fav/ vGwaf jrmufa&; ta&;awmfyaHk wG orkid ;f rSm toufaysmuf
olaysmuf b0eJU&if;ol&if;cJUMuwm usaemf 0JaygufwmavmufawmU ZmzGUJ p&mvnf; r[kwyf gbl; / usaemf
t"duajymcsiw
f mu usaemf'ND rdKUuav;udk wm0ef,Nl yD; a&mufvmuwnf;u 0kid ;f 0ef;NyD;zGuaf y;Mu? ae
a&; pm;a&; use;f rma&;utp jyKpkay;NyD; aEG;aEG;axG;axG; vufwcJG UJ MuwJU e,foel ,fom; &JabmfarmifES
r tm;vk;H ukd aus;Zl;w&m;eJU ,SONf yD; tNrJ trSw&f aeygUr,f/ atmifycJG o
H nftxd opmrysuw
f rf; wku
d f
yG0J ifomG ;ygr,fvUdk 0Jajcmufa&jyefeK;vkUd MunfeK;p&m &vmwJU &Jabmf&b
J ufpw
d f rdom;pk&UJ aEG;axG;rSKawG
eJU twl tm;opfceG o
f pf tjynfUeJU usaemfaysmaf ysmBf uD; uwdjyK&Jygw,f cifAsm;..}
y&dwo
f wfu a[;ueJ [m;ueJ Mobmay;vku
d f MupOf azaomif;pifay:rS csucf si;f rqif;
ao;bJ ndKtm; aocsm&,fjy MunfMunfeK;eK;vufjyeKwq
f ufomG ;avonf/ rcifat;um; rausreyf
jzihf igu olwu,f a'guefomG ;w,f rSwv
f Udk MunfUprf;&kyu
f u
kd av;cGeUJ ypfcsipf &m[ka0zef\/
0rf;enf;p&mwckudk olr&ifxJ ta&mufyUkd NyD;rS MunfeK;p&mtjzpf csucf si;f jyefzefq
f if;jyoGm;
aom azaomif;tm; ndK wu,fyif avmufpmvk;H wxkyv
f ;Hk ukeaf tmif cGEiS yhf pfvu
dk cf siv
f o
S nf/
___________________________________________
&efuek u
f dk tpnf;ta0;wufzUdk oGm;Mur,fqadk omf ndK vku
d cf siw
f ,f[k ajymcsiv
f o
S nfU
qEukd azaomif;tvku
d w
f odjznfUpGuaf y;eKd;edK; tem;rSm&pfoD &pfoD vkyjf ycJUaomfvnf; azaomif;ac:
,lonfU vlpm&if; ndKryg/ jyefvmOD;rSmyg[laom tNyHK;pum;jzihf jcdrUf jcdrUf oJ eKwq
f uforH sm;Mum; xGuf
oGm;onfU &xm;udk vku
d yf Udk olrsm;tMum; ndK wa,muf blwma&SUrSmyif vufjy usecf UJ &onf/
tcsed w
f Udk vQijf refpmG ukeo
f mG ;ovkd bDv;l qkid ;f ESihf bDv;l xGuv
f monfU Zmwfuu
G o
f Ukd a&muf\/
acsmwkid x
f yd zf sm;atmifvu
H dk vufjzihx
f Nd yD;umrS a0gueJJ jyefusvmovkd tm;vk;H cHpm;&\/
rcifat;u rvG,b
f ;l a[U tjywftowfjyefMurf;awmUrSm awmf&ma&SmifMu&if oufomr,f[k owd
jyonf/
tm;vk;H arQmfaeaom azaomif;ESihf tzGUJ armyrf;wBuD;jyefa&mufcsvm\/ udck ifarmifvwf
udjk rifah Zmf wkUd ESihf acgif;csi;f &ku
d af eMujyefNyD/ tke;f ode;f wkUd om;tzum; wkUd acwfjyefa&mufNyD[k vuf&;Hk qefU
wef;aeMuNyD/ waeUwGi;f yif pnf;a0;rSKNyD;atmif vufpoyf&if; oydwpf cef;rsm; &kyo
f rd ;f olord ;f Muonf/
igwkUd arQmv
f ifch suaf wGukd zsuq
f ;D vku
d &f wmyJ[k rsu&f nfusol usonf/
,kMH unfcsuaf wmU ysurf oGm;bl; [kujkd rifah ZmfwUdk u ESpo
f rd Uf &if; vlpck MJG urnfU tpDtpOf

udk rSwcf suMf uonf/ rk;d um;oJq/J avuxefq/J

____________________________________
um,uH&iS af wGawmU b,foUdk &Srd nfrod/ rcifat;tjrifawmU 'gonfyif Zmwfo
f rd ;f crf;
[kjrifonf/ ra&&maom aemufqufwu
JG kd olr ,kMH unfarQmv
f if&h efcufcv
J \
S /
ndK ESihf azaomif;wkUd aemufq;Hk eKwfqufMu&efawm&ausmif;uav;twGi;f yif csed ;f csu&f m
rcifat; vku
d yf Ukd cJUonf/ xkEd pS af ,mufxidk af eMu a&Munfajrmif;eHab;wGif yifnKd pdwaf v;vHpmG xkid v
f u
dk f
&onf/
olrud,
k w
f idk cf sKyaf y;cJUaom tvHrmS azaomif;vG,t
f w
d x
f J acguford ;f cJU&NyD jzpfovkd olrESihf
azaomif;wkUd tMum; qufqrH KS tm;vk;H vn;f acguf &ifxo
J rd ;f qnf;&awmUrnf/
rd;k a&aMumifh a&Munfajrmif;uav; tcgwkid ;f vkd rMunfvif/ wazsmufazsmufusaeonfU
rd;k aygufrsm;atmuf *,ufrjywfxvsu/f
rk;d a&aiGUESiphf pkd w
G af eaom wku
d yf t
Hk ifusu
D azaomif;ud,
k af y:rSmavwk;d wkid ;f wzwfzwf
vSKyfaeonf/ ndK ...[k tufuo
JG jH zihf ac:\/ ndK eKwfjzihrf xl; armUumomMunfUonf/ ndKUrsuv
f ;Hk
rsm; a&Munfajrmif;av; vuf&t
dS aetxm;vkyd if vSKyyf gvsuf rMunfvifeKd i/f
]wcgawmU a0;vku
d Mf u&atmif ndKa&}
olxo
dk Udk ajymNyD; rNyHK;csib
f NJ yHK;onf/ NrdKix
f tuawGrmS rif;om;BuD;u uvku
d &f atmif ESpf
ra&vkUd ac:ovkd rac:edKifb;l r[kwv
f m;/ 'Dvydk J ajymMuygpkUd ndK&,f[k ola&&Gwaf eonf/
]tck bmqufvyk Mf urSmvJ ndKUudk rajymedKib
f ;l vm;}
]ndK rvku
d ef Kd irf eS ;f odvUdk ud,
k rf ac:bl;/ ud,
k Uf twGuu
f vrf;eSpo
f ,
G &f w
dS ,f/ &nf&,
G w
f m
awmUwlayr,fU ESpaf e&mcGJ tvkyv
f yk &f r,f/ awmxJomG ;&rvm; NrdKUrSmyJ qufvKS yf&mS ;&rvm;..'gudk
ud,
k w
f Udk qufwidk yf ifNyD; tjrefq;Hk taumiftxnfazmf&rSmyJ }
ndKU [if;ueJ oufjyif;csNyD; ESpcf v
k ;Hk tE&m,f &Sw
d ,faemf [k rSwcf sucf sonf/
olacgif;ndrUf oHa,mZOf qkw
d m cPavmufcmG csxm;vkUd &&ifaumif;r,f/ r&awmUvnf;
wkUd wawG arUcsiaf ,mifaqmifaeMu&kyH n
J Kd ?wcgwavrSm oHa,mZOf[m ow0gawGtwGuf cHpm;csipf
&mtaumif;qk;H ? axG;ayGUrSKjzpfayr,fU vkt
d yfwUJ tcgrSm pGeUf &J&vdrUf r,f/ ndK[m ud,
k Uf twGuzf ed yfw&H
vkyd J tepfemcHNyD; jznfUqnf;ay;cJUw,f/ 'gawGukd tav;tjrwford w
S yf gw,f/ 'gayr,fU a&epfvUdk ul;
Mu&Nyq
D &kd if zdeyfukd pGeUf &wmyJnKd }
[kwyf gw,f[ak jzaom ndK toHrmS rd;k aygufusaom a&ajrmif;rsuEf mS jyifvdk vSKycf gvsu}f
]aemufwcg jyefq&Hk ifawmU ud,
k [
f m uk,
d w
f efz;dk xm;wJU oHa,mZOfwckukd zdeyfvdk pD;awmU
rSm r[kwb
f ;l ? &ifx;dk vkd csw
d q
f x
JG m;awmUrSmyg }
rd;k pufrsm; opf&u
G af y:rS waygufaygufusae&mrS zGu
J eJ &GmcsvmonfrUkd t&Gurf sm;ay:
rS pD;oGeu
f svmMuonf/ ESpOf ;D pvk;H tumtuG,t
f aqmif;rJU rvSKy&f mS ;csiMf u/
ndKUudk owd&aervm; [k olr r&Jw&Jar;onf/

]udkf,fb,fvkdajz&rvJ...ukd,fUtvkyfawGxJ udk,fjrKyfESHxm;yg&ap t&mtm;vkH;udk ndK

em;vnfrmS yg/ ud,
k b
f mrS rwku
d w
f eG ;f yg&apeJU }
'DwBudrrf eG ;f usyrf KS ukd ndK oufNyif;wk;d wk;d omcsonf/
]&SOUf uav;awGvnf; yke;f aeMuNyD oydwv
f ,
G u
f av;awGvnf; rk;d vGw&f ma&SmifaeNyD? a&
Munfajrmif;av;vnf; aemufusad eNyD ud,
k w
f Udk cGMJ uygpkUd }
olx&yf&m ndKvku
d rf yg..onftwkid ;f yif xkid af eonf/ a0;uGmjcif;umv\ twkt
d &Snf
udk b,ftMum;tjrif& yk*Kd vu
f vmajymeKid yf gUrvJ/ yuwd yef;wyGiv
hf ef;qef;csed u
f dk cHpm;cJUNyD;rS EGr;fcsed f
udk jiif;y,f r&rSe;f ndKem;vnfvmonf/
'Dvydk gyJ ndKrke;f wJUt&mawG[m ndKxHudk csppf &maumif;wJU trlt,meJUa&mufvmNyD; ndK
vdyjf ymvefUatmif ajcmufNyD; avSmifajymifwm ndKcH&pNrJyg/ aqmif;tdrrf ufxufaMumufp&maumif;wJU
Murm&kid ;f ukd ndK &ifqidk zf Ukd bmrSvJ tumtuG,f rjrifygbl;
olpmemaom rsu0f ef;jzifo
h m ndKtm;ikUH MunfUonf/
a&repfbJ ul;&awmUr,f ndKa&...tEGHtwmcHcJUwJU zdeyfudk pGefYyg&apawmU[k olawmif;
yefonf/ ndK acgif;ikUH vsurf S pyfpck siw
f UJ arsmufwaumif 'kuq
w
dk mudk t"dyg ,fziG v
hf Udk &oGm;ygNyD pum;vk;H
eJU awmUjyefajymrwwfygbl;[k a&&Gwaf e\/
olajcvSr;f jyifNyD;umrS ndK [kac:jyef\/
ndK armUMunfUonf/ rk;d pufrsm;olrrsuEf mS ay:pdv
k Qu/f
uk,
d Uf udk wckcak jymedKifrvm; ..waeUaeUwcsed cf sed f qkw
d mrsKd ; ud,
k w
f Udk ESpaf ,muftwGuf
r&Sed Kd iaf wmUbl;vm;}
ndK oufjyif;ukd yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif; csvu
dk o
f nf/ NyD;aemuf tarSmifxrJ mS xGuaf ygufukd prf;
aeaom vufacsmif;rsm;ESifhwlaom rsuf0ef;jzifhMunfUum..
ndK Utazu rMumcif blwmajymif;&awmUr,f 'DvkdyJ ajymif;ae&wmyg..udkazaomif;
waeUaeUjyefvm&if awmblwmav;awGrmS a&tk;d pif&o
dS vm; &SmMunfUaygU ndK &Sw
d UJ ae&mrSmawmU wnf
xm;ygr,f?
ol..acgif;jidwfonf/
'DavmufeUJ yJ auseyfygNyD ndK &,f wkUd waeUaeUawGUatmif&mS NyD; aomufO;D rSmyg aomufciG hf
&ygapvkUd qkawmif;ygw,f / uJ ud,
k o
f mG ;NyD
olvn
S Uf rMunfUrd&ef pdww
f if;vQuf ?ajcvSr;f MuJjzihf cGmcJUonf/
ndKum; *,ufxaeaom a&ajrmif;eHab;rk;d a&xJ rvSKyfr,Su/f
rcifat;u ta0;rS MunfUaeonf/
__________________________________________]a&aomufcsiw
f ,farar}
om;u ylpm rcifat; aomufa&oefUAl;zGiahf y;vku
d &f \/ ckwaf rmif;aeaom tjref&xm;

ay:rS vrf;ab;jrifuiG ;f rsm;zuf olrvSnUf ai;aerdonf/ tjref&xm;rkUd Mum;blwmrsm;udk r&yfem;bJ

ausmfjzwfcUJ aomfvnf; a&tk;d pif&adS ervm;[k &SmazGrad eqJ/
ndKwkUd blwmajymif;oGm;NyD; rcifat;wGiyf if tdraf xmifonftjzpf om;ESpaf ,mufrcd ifjzpf
cJUNyD/
nae aejcnfwiG f touf0ifaeaom awmblwmwckcw
k iG f a&csr;f pifwnfum &Sad umif;
&SOd ;D rnf/ xkt
d eD;wGif wpkw
H &mudk pdwt
f m;jyif;ys arQmaf eaom rde;f uav;wOD;&Scd siv
f &J OdS ;D rnf/
rcifat; &xm;pD;c&D;BuHKwkid ;f &SmazGMunfUaerdq/J
wu,fawmU &SmazGaeolrmS azaomif;ud,
k w
f idk jf zpfoifo
h nf[k rcifat;xifonf/
azaomif;ud,
k w
f idk &f mS edKifonfU tcsed b
f ,fcga&mufeKd ifygU/ xkt
d csed af &mufcUJ aomf a&csr;f
pifEiS hf twl &SOUf tNrD;ESihf wlaom qHyifyikd &f iS f rde;f uav;u wrf;wrf;ww BudKaeedKiyf gUrvm;/
rcifat; pdwaf rmvlarm xkid cf u
Hk kd rDxidk v
f u
dk o
f nf/ tjref&xm;uawmU awmblwmav;
rsm;pGmudk tdaNErysuf jzwfarmif;oGm;vsuf / /

rif;udkedKif