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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    251 views1,691 pages

    Moran & Shapiro Solutions 5th Ed

    Uploaded by

    filyberto88

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1691

    CERONE

    'GETTING STARTED:
    INTRODUCTORY
    CONCEPTS AND
    DEFINITIONS
    PRCO&L6M 1.1

    MD.S~ et1fe.~ .<.Jhe.V'\ Wltl$S e)C:rfs w~V\ e)(\A<tu~+


    ",w\-c11e. V~t ve: l.S 0 ~'" v(l,~ve \S ofaV\

    i . 5\1 a~ -to'f~ue
    .' .'. '.'" iYO"'I\SMlts -tolfce
    Exhaust to t<'~V\S M\S ~lOV\
    gas out
    elect-fie.. cu.r('e,vrt flows

    ( -- -. \ / -Iofltue. ~1r"Hted throL"J\-,


    , Motor
    t .5peee1 o.f roh:t..tLoV\ o~
    C\.(~CthY~ c~V\ ~ClV\je
    • te.Mpe'(Cl..~Ufe ot
    MotOr 'P~rls Co..V\
    wo..V'M SlA.V"t-Glce at . cW,..~e.
    Y'l\oto" \Y\\-e'<'",-cb •~
    wi +~ su"'('(o",,,\I\£.l\\'\0 ~ }f

    ,- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - I • c..~e.~·\ca..l c..~Cl~e.s Oa.tJ,.("


    I . I W d·lt\l\/\ +he. 'oo:b\'e '<'j

    I · : I> ~reeJ: ~ ('ohL·hS1A ot


    : t Q.Ytv\a.tu.ve ~V\ clAQ~e
    I , • ie'M~~ ~ VV\otoy-
    1.-;. 1 t ~rlS and ba.-\\e,~ Cll.V\
    { I CM.<A Y\je.
    , 1 .. Y\'\~S 'tS '«(1.\.sed lP·l~iV\
    kJ(A.rm Sl.tr'+a.ces i~t(.V'a.c+ : : S~SteM
    wH~ S (),V"V'O lA.l'\ctl'V\,9.s I MAS5 t
    I . . .t
    '- - - - ...
    A cowtvo! volLlme. eV\clc>se.s th~ sola.v-
    Co l\eC+l9(".
    • C~~I WCL{e'/'" ev'\-ters ~e.c.oUecAo(" ~(j),
    o.~ It\at wcd-e'f e.X·L~ a-t~.
    • sDlo.,r '().ctiA~ LOV\ i ~~\~~e.s OYl +he.
    .frov':\" ot tke. c.olAec.,to(.
    • Wo.fVY\ SUJY"~ Qt 4W2 co\A~ok>'('"
    '\t\te\Q.C.--t w·,1-\..-\ ~~ S~'(VOu.V\d~ V\jS .
    • ~ome ot- ~ \V\c..o~\V\3 'f~i~
    IS reHe~te.tA awa.vt). (A.~ SO~ ls
    a.bsoy-beGt ~II\ ~ d Vl-eu(.¢.r ~ux'~,
    PR06LE~ 1.4

    A co.-drol VOlulMe va Ive,


    <11'\c:l +\.\.r 10 ,'lI\e.,

    • S~t.4.1N\ Ii! ",,~er( 0. t CD


    • A ~,.'U<. is +ro..",u,."iHtcl
    11.0 1-.~lI\ j S '" 'i* '
    • 6JtA.t"~ SI4t"f-..ccs of -the fl,(r~ilte ilt1eraet
    w,·+1.o\. +~ i\A",.rolH\iA·"'SS.
    vot,,~c , SoMA"" -& 'ow, 4C,oU tlv ".IVlt o.ft ""'h6..,"- -fI,.\e -"'-r b ,~e
    w~V\ \--~~ell\.t'o.1or is ill\ c.tvcUd """ -t<- co",'tvol VOIUW4...;

    • s.w.o.\M e lI\ -\-e rt + <D tA d -4!..¥,'tr


    0. 1'\ (L i @
    wo.rlV\ rv..v-foc·u f fL<... tu.rhllo'\Jl
    D a.lI\c:l ~,~ V1fO ....A.to('"

    i..,.jA.,-o.~t w.'~ +'" sl.\vnull\.cL'v.r'


    • e\"c.lrv,~ c..Co\.("~,"",* .floc.Ar.l f.t~~ ~~""~t'"A.to~,

    103.t-&. +~t- ~ tvA",o~.J:bc:l ~r1 v-e eit>.q.r ~+ c..ro~", +""-. ho lH'\cU.V'j ~


    -t..... ,,-l...,F o::! CI1-\ h I Vol v IM..A. •

    A c~l\hl 1/0(1.1""'<' e",clo'-4~ +b...A. e.1\~lkt"­


    dt',"Ve", pUlNl.p.
    £.u .. ~e ~ ~",*,.t ..of <D .,,,cl ~"+f o.r @
    • A,v-..fo.r co..... hllsf,·o"" of +I.v. OI'l-·IoOQrcl fuel
    ell\~t'sl £A"'c:l c::.o_IH/~iiCM. "~Sof''' ~;t..
    WOo\''''''' S ","V'f-c e.s • f ~"'pu """1'0 ,-"" +e....~f-
    Lu j t '" t'- tv."" 0 u'" d j ,1.1 S' ,

    ~ i.J-ki., ;-t..a pu_p) A. pisior\ iot j(~ pi- ~ """"O~'o VI I)I,~'", 0.. Cd-tAl" u..e.,... OW;""J
    +0 co_",,,,''kOV\ of -fliu. on~~OArd ..J.we./. T1tA. p,shJ", 1AA~h'D'" ~ lAaI'NJSfed
    "t. 'fu""",p +~ ,L', VIC:::(, 1~ Ctn10/Mf.+ ~f it.4e1 t.Ji·#-l-,i", tke.. s'1SkM O<ec.r~"ses ,.,jt+l. ft;"~.

    (.vIM."" -t"'-e i-\.oSe., a lI\ d ""-'C> 3 3 Ie ~ LN\ c.. Lou c::l.4.c.I) 0. ~5h-s~ UJ",-iA-r
    jet e-ars 11- .Q« ~""c:Ltd C eM. M> / lib I v",,-- o-b ~ "")1 OJ;) Ie elK,' t 1

    J-Lf
    PRDBLEM Llo

    14t-O -:~ $~~teM bOl).V\dar~

    A:r: • two pVtQ~es are. fr~5eY1tt (JI'~/'('ld a.l-ta @a..~).


    ~......~
    1t""\ro......A.-.'""".... • not ~ pu,Y~ ~tLbsf&Ullce. bectU.lse cOMposi-fI011
    __ thO-- ' I
    ;.5 d l ffev-e,,,,,,t ili\ eail» pha.se.

    . P R013L-l;~ ( .1

    Tk s~s\-e,'fV\ \~ ~lA.,(,fl. $U.~s\-rA..w:e.


    tA...
    AI #\()U.~ ~ +'-'e \i 9lA..\4.. is v c(,pOt"'l ceet )
    th.~ 5\\Ste.'M .""e-Ma,-\AS flxC!A \~ che.~­
    IC41 coMrosit,OY\. (),~ IS c.ke.M1C(tU~
    V\om01e,V\ee u.s.

    PROBLE,M t. B

    l~e Sy-amM ~ a. pu.r~ ~~t;ta,"C~. A(tholAlfh


    -t"'e p'\\~es Gt\o.~~ J -the. '5l5+em ~Y'IIal~ ~t H,c.e&
    dlet'\1CD.l <:oMPO~ltioV\ dll\d lS cl\eM\Ct\.\\Y
    ho M~t'\e.Ol1 s.

    PRDI;LEM J. q
    .-
    I
    -- ~\(' It"
    - , The. ~'45tL~ \.$ not o, pu.re. ~IAt\oSta.~
    au,'(1 n:9 ~\I\e. 'P roc.e.~~ 5 twce, -t\t\e. C.om-
    I

    · -
    I Y"oowY\
    I
    f
    .' ~ ~I d\'s~
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    ""'6_
    ot pD~ition OT t\Atl\Q.S ~ ha~e cl\a.V\ge5
    Wd+e..... a.~ wa.+er eva.po('cd-es ivtto the. o..fY"".
    I I
    I OV\ce. o.\l ot -\-lAe. wdtev- e,va.pov-a..t-e.s,
    I
    L I t\t\e. £las r"CL~e cowes -to e~L7i I iloriLtM
    I I Q.V\.d .-HI\i. U>W\. po sf t (0 V\ \-oe:WV\1e5
    ..... ..... - -
    "'--"--' I
    hDMo~~e.eu~. 1\+ this -poit1+ -t~ AAS
    phase. can be +r<LQ.~ul CAS 0. ?u.r~ ~ul)s'fb.V\ce,.
    /-5
    vYl-=- lO lb
    I ~ -=-~\.o ~
    ~1-
    ::q.~3 l6~ <::::<----~::-

    ::. J. SSt k~ ~<::::___----~

    -- ....
    (0..) ~. :,F,f'o.v ':.(q5N\II~'VY\/S2.
    J'~l W\ J0 tj } l N
    :. 9.5 Yh /s·<:; 910etM

    L. b) Y'n(1~S lS (AV\C~(til\.~u;t. < M

    F1mv : . 'M ~ -:. (10 ktj)( OJ ~~i M/<i. L)jl N


    \ ~.VV\ls '2.
    :. qB.1 N( . . Fjl'O.Y

    ,.3
    Pf<of!>L£~ L.

    M=- 10\10 (C\) :l


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    =- Fqvuv
    W\
    )'1.'" /Of'
    \ 10", 'J
    I
    p2.2. lb ··H/s 2.
    \ lbf-
    j
    : 30.Q tr/s'L.~c ---.::~

    (b) Wla.sS is ~Vldta.K.jed. ....


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    O~\::. 12· 8" ~/.t2.


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    C~~v
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    (~2'~' frtl.s1.) (3.5'"lbf);: 8.~31bf lOlI


    CA5.4r ftlr1..
    -n-. c:leMd, ~ tf = Wlj V. A to~ltt\.~ 6l (7/1) wi+'-' c:lA'it)". 0'-' lMiAr!

    (a.) 1M '::. M \I"\'} V'\ ~ lO k~t


    A\,.~ 1M': (2..8.Cn k,/,,~()(lO k~l) -= l.Q'\,l ~~
    l.h.O', 1M:' t \Cl. 02.l,~ ((cW\.Ol)( \0 (c ~\) ':. l ~O.:t lc:~

    Cv.. ~ W\. :. ( (p ~.S"" l,~ ("~l)( (~k ~l) -:(p~S. t.\ (c;.~
    SO ~ ~ W\ -=. (£gt{ .O<D (,~ /l'~()( LO k..""'-Ol) -::.. (o<{O,{o k.~

    (1::.) V\ ':. \M / M) IN\ '::. '2,.0 lb


    Ar : lb~ / ('!> ct. ct4 l~(H~ ~l) -: O. 50\
    V\ '::. (1.0 l~ ~I
    H1.. ~ V\ ~ (~O (~)I (~.0~(P lb !lb"""'() -:: q ~ 'll.( lb ~l
    ~~~ V\ ':: (~Ql~~/(l~cO\ lb (lb~{)':: 0.1(",\ (b~l
    C t v\ ':. ('2.0 lb)/( {'l, Ol lb I (b ~l):. t, (,(,S lb~l

    1-1
    PROI3LEM L Jb4ti
    /11 J JI Fspr;~ =. K(6X) CkV\c\ ~pr,~:: F9 fY).¥ :: m9
    x
    t
    T Thu.s
    k (.6X)
    ~V\cl.
    :: vnq
    VYlg
    k:: ---=::..-
    AX
    =. (S.Q"~ )('L!> I mlsz )
    (& em ')
    = ~.l3l N/c'M 4:

    YY\:: l S' lb
    5~ .3l.4 #/ s:z.

    L The. s~Y'~"'~ ts \<..\'\.o~V\ -6 &e~ect o.ra \V\ ~ ev'e("~ i \bf 0+


    CA.f~heC\ .(of'ce. ThlA.S J We. loe~ lll\ b~ tAeA·e,V"M \\A \4 t~ we.iq~ of
    H~t.o~ject .

    The de~ feC+lon i.s


    ~)(:: (0.1-;2. \"1/lb+-) (t4,{P~ lb~)::'l.llo l""\ +~--------

    1-8
    PROBle M 1.18

    H:,y c... ,,'neAr spt""rI'\,j) Fip-ri~ = K (4')()/ v.>kt'f~

    Ax w tkc. spr''tlj ~kI'\S"o",. Sl .... ~ Fipri"'j =


    ~"I." -: M ~ ) Lue. Vlave.- k (.Ax) '= ""'3' Sl"'~
    rn And K e-r e, jl'\d~~"de"t of .J.oCA-tr'Ol--l)

    +Iu. Lou.! A.(ce/~A.~C'Y\ of "r'Avi~ V;


    ~('orfiOH.,.A t&.+ko ~~+Uch'~, Tkus

    (..1'1.') .... ,.,...j =


    (Ax) -t"Af"\-h

    ~ClJI\"

    PItO(!)LfM l./q
    1)ee~lel{~t-~ OCc.u:.V'S .frOM 5 W\'~/h to rest ilA 0.1 s . The. dVe.(alj"
    ~le\"'~:h~ Wl~V\ltu.cle. is
    la-I
    C4V~
    =. A V- ~ (5 t'V\;/~ -
    At 0 ,J S
    0)/·52--80
    1
    ,ftll
    W\ \,
    Jh
    ~ ~ 00 S
    I
    =- 73,33 HI &,'2-

    (al =(73.33 .rHS1-) -:. ~,:Z8 q'SE------~....,...._


    d ec e.1 em:fiOY'
    tW9 32 ,2. .f+/5 '2- <J < (;~ 9's)

    Thus) -rhe. ~ni+u.d~ of ~e ().v~V'fA.ge -lore€. a.pplid ~

    J FI 4.l1g
    = W\ Ia. ttWa~ ~ (so 11,)(13,33. It:)
    s
    I.3 2. 2
    l lbf ../
    ~b, t+/S:3.

    :: 'J 3.9 Ib-i-oE~~ ---:"''''':':;':~

    1-,/
    -~

    Fa.pp F().pp - F~f'''''' = m (l.

    FCl.pP ~ YYla. + lY'l9 'So m (~+ g)


    =(~k<j)( 5+ q.8')~ I', IN
    I ~.m's2.
    m =J,.k.g = l't.~J... N~< Fo.pp ,
    ....:L!~
    a. ~ 5' mlsZ. (fAP)
    F~("o.v 9 =Q.81 m{s2.

    PIZOI?>LEM 1.2/*

    m =35" \'0
    = Fa.pe - 9
    ~ -:. 32.2 ~'sz YY\

    :: Ibf)] 32.2 liD· .f..I/S'l.I_


    (' \5" ~ rt/ 2
    ~S Ib I Ibf ..,2.2 s
    :: - \ ~.4 +.+ Is"t. (dowV\wo.\""d) <; , 0..

    PROBLEM i.z z
    ~
    ,,
    ,,
    I

    'I'
    n ~O.S lbMo\
    V:. O.ILf,S W
    F~m.v ~:. ~.S ~(~20

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    ,,
    \ -
    ~sp~c.. ~eQ.r~
    'I
    F
    sfo.ee
    ':. '"l2.N F II
    e~r1'\l\.
    = f~(~ca.~) ~ ('t2 N)('l·Bt)
    9$'~e. ~
    wei~ht ~$'CA.(':" ml$2.
    =. (,S.("1 N~
    .. ~::!.!.:!:!:L-
    ~ea.rl-f,.: '\.81 M(S2.

    /-/0
    Su~e.t. ~~"~~i ~ "n/= ~~) +£.\e perCek+ C-~...:.. c..v.e....cSl...t tJ\.\. lA."'cL.·"l' ~
    %c""~~= [ WI"; - HI ]UDD)
    ~ r(•. 8,-/,9 - [ (,.il-Is') - (331<'0'/'-) (I. +...)J ] (100) ~ r 3,3 ~,o2.1 (100)
    L C3.81 - C~!l~It)~)(lof)J b' q.1-771
    -= O.3+%"~----

    PROf!>{bI\ t.l 5

    "- ,
    \

    \,= 30 ~+
    I
    U:z.O / ft-lzo (o2.~ Ik/.f+3
    /' /' ~ :: ? 7. . I .f.tl s '2-

    T~e MCtS.s 0+ wol(.'( l~ \V\ = ~ V) wheve V is ~


    vollA.W\e of f'\Ae sp\.-\e,,'\ c.ed ta.\A.k.. ih.us
    V~ ~1\I(''3:. (j)CR) (3o,f4-')3 ~ 1.131 X.10S".f+3

    O.:V\& ~e.. VV\&L~S is


    W\:. SV :::.(0Z.lf ~l)(1.13\)({'05)f+3
    =. 7.0{P »to'" Ib.. m
    The wtlt, k.-t is
    Fq vav = Yh~
    _( "
    - 1.0iQ'l.lD Ib){32.1
    t+
    $i) I 32.'2
    I Lb~
    Lb.M/s~ I
    :::. 7.04 X I 0" Ibf ~ Fgr'()''(

    1-11
    ThL .st:~.c.e. I\ec.ords -ike c.v"'"jh-t) ~rQF
    , Wl..3 J Where..

    I'Y\a s s "'" k, ~ i 'Ie", ".j


    L
    ~= 5fdV = JfAdz.
    Vol 0
    L
    =A 5 [71800 _3,o(Z./L)'1.J d z
    T
    L=2m
    ~r 44'Mfltc:if.t ) il'\iYocLuu ~
    o
    NI.A..u

    c:l£ o.""d ~ .tW~~tl·D'\oo\ fo,. """ ..u


    vo.rl·A.»I~:
    .....
    Z. = %./ L
    tc.~ciJ
    J .s 0

    1
    el%.':. L

    I W\ -=. AL
    J
    S ["1800 - !60 £2. t J c:l z.
    . ~ D=O.5 m~ o
    i
    ~:: 9. ":/8 ttII} S'1..
    'I..
    = ALL rSOO ~ - ~_"t) (~)3 Jo
    f = 7-800 - 3_o(~/L) I<S/M~)
    whcrt' %. is i., "".
    :: (~ ) L [
    '1.
    ;"80 -;; J
    '= 7t (e-s 'M)'L(2.~) l7lt.80 ~~ ]::, ~'OJ" ~
    ~ ~1

    d -= ,tD-H
    V -:. \5.1 t+~/Ij,
    9': "31.0 #1<>1.

    /-/2
    PROBLEM 1.'2.6*
    -h~e... -------1:>

    v
    co~
    ca~

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    M= ~S'1(-' ~: 30t'j tvl-=V/1J"

    "",3
    "].0
    = ('~3 .....3
    I<,j
    a:f-kr 4'" cLl.l.lliOl'\...A'b 1C,9 3
    1tl'\+C'" ~ .. = o·~l~
    ~

    <'10) '8E-rMNft~ ""''',,, 30 Ie, of co~ ~ -H- c.r'..u:/...... ) -tk~ G.MOV"';' of


    MAU +k.. + us le.. jl:~cI ~

    := [1> 0 Je~] - l ~~3 J


    "J:", wt';~""~ "'' ' '.$;
    we. <ll.SS''''~ +k..i- 4"-t.. Sf.e..'fa'~ Vl)11I1M.t. dce~ I'\di'
    VOorj w.-.\.. t-, ~CAtiOO\ (U,"t"lM"" ~ e:..,~'~~: ~Nt 'AS 1("A..t:s ,slow/):> to
    tM. spec..f;(., vo IVwt~ (JJ,tk4", ...'-' to c\)h"cle.... Vcu,'ct 0", \y c.u it"- ""IIMe,.
    S,Io\(.... -t<o- s,~c..i'·c. \I1JlvHA.( l/q...rt·~J -h-a'INI. 0.10":/ "",,3JIc, JW~­
    V
    ~ 0 II:~ Co· Io<Yo { ( -
    Sl"'e-V'e cl : 1.0
    :t:'"
    M
    c:l,.,-) tA. ~ SO
    Ifl: d ) +'- plo-b Co
    rt. r
    c.. 'c c! V I" ,,~,. ....l.\ ~

    LO

    1-/3
    PRofbif=-M r. 2'1
    (()..) A+ +eW\r.tV'~tu.Ye o~ 2.,+ooc I ~e Srec.l~ieet pr"e"'$L(.lfe Qf (,25 MPe;. taUs
    tA.
    be+weev. ~e. +o-~e values o.f (,0 aMd 1.5 M Pp... To deJeV"l"'\l~e -rhe 5{'edfic.
    volu..w.€ e<.:V't'Ur~~liAJ +0 I.),: PIPe.. J we. +~iLA I<. of #1e slope ct "'-
    5fYtU~(.,.t llll\~ JO\~\V\~ -\'lA.e a.clJ A..cewf- +abl€ s+rUes J ~s fa tlows :
    1.r:: 0.2275 MJ/I"d

    t
    ,L
    I
    _~_

    - - - v - - - t - - - - - + - - - - + - - - + p) /'I, Pa..
    t. (J) I.S

    s iW\ j Jar /Yia.nCj les :


    v - 0.1 '-l'e3 o• "2 21 S' - 0.1 Co{ 8.3 (02 S )
    I I
    slope: 1.5 -1.25 ':

    I. 'S -( ,0
    ! ~ v:o.,&l83+ ~~o (D.2.27S-0.tCf8~
    v.

    : 0./870, M
    3
    /'d " (~)

    (~) At- 0.. fr~$su.re ~ r. 5 M pc... +~e ~\veV\ 5peC.~~ t<. volv..VVle tA- O. \5 'SS "t\'\31 ~ ~u.s
    ~e-1·w(.ell\ ~ +t.t~\.e, Vo..\""es )o~ 2."10 o..~ 2&OOC. To de,J.e'f'\'V'.\~e .}~e +~~e(l;\fu,re.
    co'(es(>o~I.·"'~ -k? ~(l.~\V(M ~\,ec..L~lc v~lu..V\I\e) \.Ve. ~\IA.k. ~.-tke slore o~ ~
    Sff-cMq ~ hwe. ~O\~I.V\J ft-te. ~l(A.c.e",* fo.ll)l-e ~Wes) ~~ .foHows:
    2.80 (0.1(,,'2'1 ~ "2.80)
    I T- 2l.1 0 eo -Z'IO .
    2.
    5 ope:: .-/'SS's-.t4ei:' .1"Z-1-.('I8~
    {
    I
    1
    I
    J
    ~ -,- = 21.10 + [./555 -.1"183 ](If'O)
    21./0 .... _ t ' ... _
    • liP],,; - .f'tt33
    (., '183 )2«40)
    (b)

    .1'1 .IS .1"- .n V; W\1/1,


    (c) J'Vl..f11.tS case, ttt(l Sfec.;:fledp(e$S(.Lr'ef-~lIs hefweeVl. fhe.fa.ble va.lua ~ 1.0
    and 1. s f.-tP~ tAV'd -I--ke. specj"fie&{ f"t,VMoper"fuYe.. fo,U~ "'eff..ue~", -kte. ~1oi-4L values
    6f 200 "V'dZ4o<l:(:. -rvuis) double '-Vtl-erl'0la-tc.oll\. is \"""e~u.(,y.e,d .
    • Ai- Z2..0oc,J -fiL speCttLc. Vol.u.t1'\e cJ- ~ pressu.re!! is St~P':1 ~e. ~v~e.
    over & lV\ftKv~:
    • 2..0(,0 -4 \ 2.'2- 7 S
    ~tJ.OMP~J220°C,; 1.r:. Z. :'OI2.IfD'1SWt3/~
    .'3~S"".1'f83
    et-t I, 5' IfII.P~) 2-2-19 c.
    o
    ''If:: 2. :. O. f40(j WI
    'lIt
    I ca
    ·1itus, l.\)~.J1A &- So.t1Ite a-pproa.e4 c:l~ tilt (A)

    "U" - O.I'fO"f
    I.S - 1.4
    :.
    0.2/'"7 S - D./ 'toll
    J, s -/.0
    ==-> 1.T =D.llfatj +l~:~ ) (D. 2.'~7S- O.I¥O<t)
    :. o.l'SSu,7 ~3/~. (~)

    1-14
    'A) A+ t!A.. -Ie_pet'"A""",,~e. Of 1:2-0°C) fhA... spec..'/l·ed. ~ ~ ~f S4-Jbf/l'i1~
    fo-tls be,"""M'" -the.. -t6-h/e VALuer 4 50 A6\d co lltr//""'.2. 70 tie-k~IM..4~
    -rnc.. s pec.~'c. 110 Iv~ CJ:Drr~.rfond...·V\, -+0 54 Ibf I itl'~1 l.vc. +k..t:"1<,. er{
    .f~ s/op~ of t!A.. stY"'D-(J~i .A.411\C,. j¥I",",,~ -f"'-t. 4:i\,.<:!J ~te~i' -rIA. ~ .s+A1#'S/
    dl..S .f:,llows :

    1/: 7./10
    I
    I I
    I I
    L _ _",-1 _

    I ,
    50 5+

    S-i-,\Ar +c-':-t>-V\,'e£:
    \slopel = '1-S'.8Q'
    ~o -s","

    A+ 0.... Ilof/i~~ ) +"'e "J '·...el'\ sp~c.."·(., "ol\JW\~ of


    f,esrure. of bO
    ~.'ltL.f-t3/lb ~Lls betwp~~ -tlo,.e +II-b/e V4l14eJ' of-n.o A...d 140 OF, To
    ue fer ~'II\c... -t he of e w.p-er''''' +ut'~ C4 v,,~ J po""- o:!A' "j 1:0 -tk.o j; ve V\ 'S'peQ.&':A·c;.
    "l)l~~ t tI-I~ +hi~t::. 0 ~ +""-- ~loF-c of c...... <t'Tr~'Ski -A.thC. jOIM""J ~
    o.cL3 A C'e lo'\.i TAble ..N-A.+e.t, ~ fol(o",,-,S:
    14\0 ('.'7.)140)
    I T-I'2.P 1+0 -12.0
    1 Slope:
    5,I18Z -S.sq 1
    = '.Il- S.~11
    I
    I
    : I
    1'2.0
    (&,.t"ll&O) , _ _, ..1
    ... (bJ
    ~"'I I I
    5.6 S.ct 6.1

    (c) J'", "'' ' '.$ C:QSe....J "'''e .sp.. Ooc'fied PA4,u'Ulfe. ~II£ betw .. eVl -+'- +",4,'c
    VAluef of 5"0 A"'c:i ,"0 tftlf/il\l a.""cl -tL..... rl'~(.;~'ed -I-~""'1'~"''''i-c..c.''-c:..
    ~IIS l,-E'-Iwe.f'\ -t"'a +,.{,/e. va\\tes ilf 100 4"d /,oOF, TkMs) cl:!dl~
    lV\terrw'At.'/M ,;0 re'f v ..~ed.

    • A+ 1I00~ J-t...... sprc.ifa·c. "'O/~MI\C 11'0+ ea.ct.. p"""ttLCl"e I't "'''''''p't-t1-L


    o."e,*,'a"< o~~ il\~f'I/"-':
    llt'\- so~ Ilo.F' ,,:. 7.110 + ". U"- :: ". q:t3 ~/IJt
    i ..'L. >} ~

    tA'\- '0 IfIt ) 1100F-. '/ -:. S..!:, +S'.bsct .:' S.lTS J.1'3jb
    ;~~ J ~ r
    • T'hu l W\·~-f1..t ~~-.. A.ppAoOA(,."'- IH ~ (A.)
    '1_ S.T"~ '=. '" '1=13 - S'T7i" ~ '1-:. S' ffl' +~ [,.lfTl- r:=t=I'1]
    ,"0 _ s& ,"0 - S'1>
    = C, 0 ' ) "f3flb ~ (c.)

    1-/5
    'PROC3LEJ.1 L.31>JC
    , m -:. Sk9 . Fro~ +~ ~esSOfe ~ specifi'- volu,me. re.la.t IOY\
    I \ I 3
    ( G:AS
    \
    ,
    \
    \
    ~
    I

    ,,
    I
    l' u . :. coV\s+.
    1.T2. = (JL) ~I :(~) I~(
    p~ 0.25
    o.:ll»3/k,9l
    ~-"-'
    ~ : l btt.J:"' J 'U'. ~ O,~ \'V\3/kj : 0.5& lO m3/ k.9
    P2, -:. e.a 5 ba.r Vt,. :. 112. 'Y)'\ :. :z..QD5 ~~ I Vx.
    1.2 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.8
    ...
    ('\l
    .0
    I
    0.6
    a-

    004

    0.2 Z

    0
    0 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3
    V-m 3

    PR06LEM l. 32

    ~ I V\'\ : I lb
    I'
    I
    GAS
    'V" = coost.
    'f'
    I ,
    \
    ".: ., 'I
    ........... -
    PI :. 20 lbf/iVl ~ '/, -:. '0 .f.I. J

    Pz.:. 100 1~.f/i~2.

    100
    -Tr- n = 1.0
    --B- n=1.2
    80 -8- n =1.3
    ---- n=1A
    OJ
    c
    ~ 60
    ""
    :e
    I
    a-
    40

    20

    0
    0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
    V-ft"

    / -I to
    PRO f3LtM /.3 3>Jf

    ~- --- F::: 'S Ib.fII"", ~


    I
    I Wli-("O~t \It 1~ VI =J,5'"#.'J
    I P1- :: 100 llof!i«-
    I'-
    - )

    Vz. : l.S #'


    ,he pre-ssure- volume v.--€ la.h(,11 i~ 1,"lAeo..Jr cU,1r" l n 9 +lte frt>c~~s. rk"LS
    r : ~ + (P':I- -P, ) ( V_V, )
    V:r.-~
    ()(') us I·Vt~ ~ t ve VI daJo.
    _ •~.!!£ (JD 0 - l S ) I I:..f f,"1A 7. f.
    f -
    ( ) 3
    IJ . ~ +- V-~.s f
    '11\ (l,S-~.S') .f..fJ

    :: J::27.S -2'5:V

    IA/hell1 V:: :l.l +.(J


    f :: 2'J.l.S-~S'(~.() -=- £1 q IbfllVt 'Z.44 P
    ___+_
    I

    On r-\I cC!>ordliA4fes
    ,-.... }()O

    ~
    '"
    .~ I'J
    00
    \:::. eo
    Q... 40
    ].0

    t I ..
    loS l.O ~.S
    V (.f¥)

    1-/1
    PROBLeM 1.34

    r:
    I
    - -.., I
    If= I bAt"
    I
    I g4.s I """Q -f-Vi::::/L
    I I
    r I ~= 41:>Ar-
    ~----_l

    CIl) "The pf'C'c.e,..r ",5 d,scr,b.d b~ p V:::: CDV\snHt. ike c.o"$+~":t. CAI'\ b-eo
    eVAI"A.~ecl U~il'\' d~+A 4+ S1Ati: I :

    pV = Co IIlsfAt"t.
    :::. PI VI
    =( 1/0At') ( I L):' I loa,.. L
    so) for eV~'1 s+-..+c: ~r-~\I\' TN PA-OCQs.s J Lve ~ ..ft,t relA."'·oYl
    p V,: I bAr. L

    Whel'\ p ':: ~bA.t"",

    V-= 1 bAl"' L ::. O,3~ L .s


    ~ bA.r

    p: 4 ~'J \ 'oAt. l O,2S L


    W"e ...
    V'). :. 4~r
    -
    P-u U'\.t to( COo ,.. <Lt' \l\t:l ~ S W~ ~.r'C.
    "P(~rli~ the te I '"",.0\'\ 0\1\. - vol vwt.(.

    bAr. L
    t'~
    V
    +0 o b fc,."l'\
    2..
    4-

    3 4

    P L.'l'IeAr pir$C",re- - VOIVloMe.


    (bllr) 2- I"c lA.,.io....$~IP "f pAr+U)

    ,!

    VeL.)
    0.'25 0.5 0·75 t-o

    (10') Fof" co-rAY.',sO\l\J -\\.\tt. \"lI\eAr'" (1A-'HlA.re-vo/l.JwJL ~koWJ1 reIA"'"",d'\lp is


    01/\ +~ plot A.laov~. Tk.... ~O(VI'Mc:. e.c"'MS~I'\~''''j fo p=. '3J,~
    co.~ ~ ob-J-t,...c·~~cl S:1~pl'1 US ..\, +t....t slope of t-<-.:. ~fM.\1L-..* ...-It'\I\e.
    ~w~V\ I Q.W\.cl.'2.: .
    l slope}-=: (1: - ,)bCl;r -:. (3 - I) ,.... V: 0·5 La ~t-----
    .....
    G.o-o.~) L ~I,O-V)
    Tn,s ""'\IA.( ~lSo (.A.... Io~ ,..eA.cl -n-o",", +k.t.. plot:.
    PROBLEM /.3S
    T"'U""'Od~~"""'( eyel e.!
    1\ .,,- - - - - - - j 1-2: p V: cOI1~ta,., i:
    I
    I
    I
    ~A$
    I
    1----"
    I
    P, = I bAr'1 \1,"" I "'" 3 J V, = O. '1.. kit3
    ..1._____ I
    2-3 P= C.Olot.t+-''l''loJ V > Vi. ((>'lCpev.St'o",)) "3 ~ '.0",,", 3
    ~_ I V,,- CO"" hit t

    Fiy- p-w:>c.l!JS /-2. )


    p V:: (ons+4"t. The co..... d ...'" + GA.'" b-e ev,,/VA kcl
    \...t ofl "? d.ttf" ~t s+,.k I
    p V=- c..CH' ~ ~ '" t
    :. r,VI
    Q oAr)(1 "",a) e,

    p~u ~J 1- 2.. ,'.s


    ACGCn"~'"oIIJ 0""' tA..

    de~or, I,..t cl b'r


    p:

    p=co~ ..ri-

    5
    ~ """_"""""" -A'(!) PJ= 5"b#..r
    'Ii -: I J1-\ ~

    0.'2.. 0.8 0." t.o


    Palm = lO\.3JkP~

    Gas at
    y=,3.SOa ~~3
    ~=q.e, Mis"

    (a.) p - ~.Iw1
    L-:. SS
    _ (101{.O -lOI.~3) ""p,, lo3tJl"'2./103glll W\3 .Ill ",.M(S4
    - (/~. sq jIcWtJ)C' ·5/ t¥l/s'-) \ "p~ l It, 10' t~ ~ I tJ

    =O.D2M :: 2CfYl. L

    (bJ ~G..9t. = f-~I-M =lOt.{.O-IOI.33:: )..fp11&~4; f~,t

    I
    ") 1,..,.e =l{.2,M. Uz.o
    f4hM :: 1l.f·5 lbflti..'
    ~ :. '3;2.;;l,. ftl 'i/2.
    f ~ :: L(q. qt.( Ib I {!-I- 3

    PROP.>L~M I. 3B~

    r1rtc.C = F:c~ - fAhs


    :.9i~~O~Sgk~~c ~~

    1-20
    IAp~e.1 :: ~~-z.O ~ L

    $"&00 :t 't1.
    '/ :. b2..3~'1 IhI#3
    II-t.o

    Ill~";1<-1 =(1.1.3 4 '/ ; . 'X12.0 ~)( ~


    ',-
    ~Z2~~~:~--"
    "~ ././. .-: .:,-;: .,======
    -i>
    q= 31.:2
    I Ibf
    Ib.n/ s 2.
    II I -Hz'
    J'i'i ·'fA"%.
    I
    ~ D.3Q41f Ibf/ill\2-< ~~"9.
    ( decreases)

    PRo(1,LEM 1.40
    L : 2D := 0.2 J1'\
    F5' (,M

    1a~kB
    ~a..ge,B: $ H~ ~ L
    =.~3.Sq ~3 )('1.8' ~)(O.2~

    Tank
    A
    =(CJJ - '
    9°3eA
    Bf
    1",~ 103

    ::. :z.bJ<ofo'l
    5
    "I'" lOb ('
    I m3
    w/W\2. ::
    M3
    11' IN
    1 ~·'hl[S2.
    D.2""" bctr
    I

    P~s,B ; ':urr+ 'i¥,6


    :: 1.0 I + .Z"l9" = 1.27"" bar. ~<_ _

    fecf,s,A :: 1~~",6 + 'Se.,<Z",A


    -:: J. 2.7 bfo .,.. l.lI :. 2.""" bar E-<--

    ~ffl.t :: f uS9 L H,
    AIR. =~3.Sq ~1I)(tt.81 M/b~)(~)~

    ~:. 7So ",'M ij~


    GI ~
    \ 0 305
    II \o~\ eM311 'Jaj.M!s'2.
    IN II 10>I bGlr
    'M,'?
    'I
    "'/M'2.,
    $ 61S =J3.5q 91c~3 ::lb~

    .9 = ~.B. ml s 2.
    Palos:' t:t~ f V'4C.
    = I ha.r,- D.2\'ccy:: e.s bec-r'"£ Fobs

    1- z,
    ~J,o.,c.=J.gO.Olkflail·
    2
    ~(,s =. J;,~~S - "~a's
    ~::. Ill." 'bf.""~ = (fi,'jOJe"" ~f..... ) - P,Jabs
    :::. ('lClO.O"", 1t!.Co) - :2 0
    = ;2.1 ti.'o I bfltil\ '2..4I!i:<:~ ~_--!..::~_

    ~/tk$/~/abs-::' (~o.o+(t(.~)/JO =-14.13 E:<:~":"";;;~"":"'-

    PRoBLEM ,.43
    , = <f.81 WI Is 1-

    ~"""J = I<. ><J w!o\e"e K = 10.1000 N/""


    Air FOr tl.a p".s-hm:
    supply
    x=o- line m': 101<5
    A= 7, 8'1<10- 3 ~l.
    -<If .3
    F.r Tlte ta(r: ~ V= "3,q 'I- 10 ,...,

    r~~'4111l7 ))('-;0 o.",cl tMef"~ ,'J f"\Q ~Pf'll'l' fot>ce ac-h'""j 0., TIot< f'sfo Yl , Also...
    .fy'ch·o"" b~.fw•• " +~ pl'flol1 Q,f\cl +"'-e c:., J.l\dc r: WAll C4.I\ ta.t '-,I1lJ.,-ecJ,
    AceO"'clA~\YJ +"'~ -forc~ e)c~t"-kcl b ts« at.... UIt'+L.;.t'\ +I...A C:;"I'lcb."..
    q
    0\1'\ +k... bOffo"", of
    Plltol1 ;.5 ~1UAI fo +he W4..l'VL1.i- of"'~
    p"S1-ol"\ pl ......s +l.t~ force. e~-er~(j h::J~ Ahll···...S'f/.tu~ o~i-k-tep
    of +~ pi.s+u",;
    L P A
    ......
    L~=O ~
    ~" I 'P, A '= ~t... A 4 vY\ ~

    iP,A 1'1 = p",~ -+ \N\:J


    A
    R = I ~""'+ {(IO ",,)(q'''·'~)I~ Ir ~ f
    I l
    7,8X1O~"-'~ '] \ "' ..../st- lo'N/"."L
    R::: 1.1'2." bQ.r ..<1a--------"

    Fil'l4"l) t~ .force. e.)(e rTt c:l lob t~ Q" \..... wit""" '" +\.u. c'O ',lI\d..... 0 "'"

    t'- botto- 'l>;-IM. pl.doV\ I~ e'I.1A I -to -t~ UI-t.l'3"'-+ ~ ~fl"ttoVl


    l?lu..s +"""- fc ... c.~ ~"t"-kc:l b::3;""- A1-W\.O'r"ete. 0'" T~ +op ·f+/"....4..
    F)\~~~ ~t.u.s;'~ -fen... ~e.t"ftc:l ba
    -tf...t $I>VI "',j 0" r'- 1ot' ott/....t 'I'SiC"':

    1--22.
    PROBLEM 1.4/ 3 (Ctn-Jt'd )
    ---lJipti~ L(it.. A
    'i: t){. =0:
    J ~~-_l f"J,.A':. P"t.... A+M~ + 'iPY;lAj
    r~A '2, -:. P"t"".... W\!J t
    . It
    fipl'....,
    A

    P1.: P.tM.-\ o4o~


    9
    +
    [(mjOOoNI_) (0. oS "",)
    . (1.8X1 o-3 ""'~) ". l I b..r: IJ
    _lOS NI/lllj1- ...

    ;; '.12." bD.t" + o. "+1 bAt"


    = l/f"1 10..r:

    11/'1. :
    0
    qq8. Z ~/W13
    3: q. e »1/s 2.

    Ihe fotal +ot"t.(!. CJ 11 -f'E bcHowt o t ~ fool is fke S<Awt of H.e wi~Ld oF fhe
    w~4vr aM.d -Hu.. dDwt'\ wcwd ~e e; cd·m~sl'~~ric, f~Sf>U~ &JIl #jz su~~
    ()P..fi.t W~fN'" j
    fiof = "rtJl" + ~+~ ( A)
    To ,«- .fkA. weiqtvr I>f- ~ {).JMW, A'Ysf frf..t~ & W\Cc.SSI ()S +a/lows

    W\ =.$ V =(Qtf8.2 ~J) [(I){/OO)(So)+ iOl>O)C3)(SO)] m


    3

    =-(QQe.2)(12.500) :. I.ZSX{O '1 k.J


    1kus
    F~mv = Wl9 ::.O.2S'X(07"5){q·B(M/f)~) I I
    I N -'II k~
    Icj.",,(~ ~ ID N
    1=1.22"X(05~tJ
    Pal
    M
    e, r;a~ AS·J
    L ..
    IA'\'Ci(~
    fro (f).Cig bar)(loo)(So))')1~ l'OSIJ/~1[~
    I ~(U-.
    Lf9X{os/dJ
    -'0 3 Nt - .
    -
    Or
    F+oi-, e, I, 22(,}<IOS + £j.t:;' xl 0 5 =- ft,./U X'D S' ~IJ< F-tot·
    I h4! de p-Ut af .fie C/l-Lt -le¥ 0+ ~ pt>o ( ish;:l ~ . 5 WI. -rkus
    r=r~+g9h r
    t 1'00 It. krltl
    k~ ) Y!l) I tJ
    ':.\rJ.qg bClr) I ba.~ +\..tttt8·2.;;"3 (q$ sz. (~.5""'11 kt;'M(S~
    I III N/~-aI=1\2;{
    103
    «:
    kPG\.

    1-2 '3
    L/x:: si'V\ e
    L.
    X = S,Vt&
    o
    00 X>L
    i tt\ cll~1I\ e£{ fe ('
    tyla. r\ ome
    ~ives <jrutle,r re.so1uhoY(

    storM ~~r
    ~e
    $ ::. (,2.1. lb/.A 3 I

    ~ -= 32.2 +\--1 s2.

    1-2~
    PROBlElJl \·4-7

    (o.,.sidef" -the. vOt"ic:Lt\oV\ of pr~uu.fe-. CW'''''j +0 -t~ Ilffee.t of


    ljro-II'"to· FiI,... e:t"1 e.lc.W\e...i: ~ Q", V\Ach'o"1 I~SJ
    9A ,s Of" I <'tjv,·d. J -tl.\.e foruJ a.c.+''''' o..",,~ +t- fof"Cc.l 0;
    PM ""u.Y'c.. 0"," -tt....... Up ret""" o..lI\.c:I l0 l.Ue r rCAt" fo.c.-e J 0.."" cL +~ UJ.Q..I,.,f,..;t-

    Df +'- i'1 ~klN\.~


    Z-MZ
    ~ p(ZHJ2.)A
    ,
    z. Bt ~~
    .

    J_ _ p{z.) A

    o ': p(2. +.oc) A. -T W\. d- - p(z) A

    f\'\ .... J> V


    ': /[AAZ]
    -e, [AodZ]
    ~

    p(l.f6l) - ,C7..) = -.i-


    At 1r

    (A) AfVl4Osehefe, :rf \j::' c/'P ,whel"'C

    i.s it\$.".~d"':' El' C*> I l-« ~f'11'-4-

    p= K~P(-¥)
    w~e"" 'Z. ~ 0) p'=- Po ((4oM..)) o'v;", d- P -:. ~ e¥.p ( - ~ Z Ie. ) ,
    7''''S'~t''f\'''a lc:. ....""''''' v~ ,.i'l.s P ~ Q,~-- ..,kc,,", 'Z...o ....... k ~

    '= e,t (_~.'J1."/.s2.)(Z.I<"")I,oa""II...!.!::!. tol) z: R e¥-b(- O,I~S z)


    P Po P 72 +35" ~ """'j'K;; IIJ;,:J ""'Is o r
    'J ~~

    Th...:s t'c\Q,-f\OI'\.s~ IS skowl'\ ~ -f1-.. o..C'C-D-r It "''t''IIt, Flot,

    1-25
    0.8

    0.6
    E
    +-'
    ~
    0-
    004

    0.2

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10
    z(km)

    ClI) OC~AI"I. Le ....l-;I"\, ~ G= - z, ) dU\A)i~ u.pth..) E1' (~) r~Ad S

    ~= S
    clZ '\r

    p: ~)~ -+ K
    Wka", -t":. u) , ':. Po (I~ h-) 1 ~)ivilf\ d- f:: (~) Z -+ Po .
    l1...t~~I1\':1 \c:...... u.M \I~ ~..,.... P w: cd""" '-'L..A ..... ~ ... ~ ~~

    ( C1 .Cl _/S'a..) Z(,,~) 1'03 """ , I~t~ II~)


    p-=- Po + [ O..,S'-"/O-3 ~Sl-=~"j'; /.OI3ZSfJO S ..., ... 'l. I",;*7(L1

    ': p()ol- 101.3 Z "

    200

    160

    120
    -
    ~
    E

    0-
    80

    40

    0
    0 0.5 1 1.5 2
    "z(km)
    1-2(,
    PRO aLE. M 1. "I 8

    FoY" +"'-e ~q,s ilA +~e fC\.\I\k.) +kz. p-V-T refo.fi.o&i is


    f = [( S.IB>((O-3) T/(V- o.oo.z""B)] - ces, XI6~/v '&

    V\a+uV'~( SolvIV\9 i:.E-era..+lvel'j toY' "'lJ'" od: P = IOoba.Yj T::2SSk


    qas we. 1et
    , Qnol V = o.ooee« YY)3//<.tj
    "- 'M ::.1000 k.~ V = m 1J"':: e. B 4 fVI.3 4 V
    The follow/~~ flols CdI'! be. C-t'nsrrucfed ~r ..,.. =250.1 s oo,
    a.M IDOO k. :

    1000

    800 ---B- T = 250 K


    ---tr-- T=500 K
    ---8- T = 1000 K
    'C' 600
    (\l
    ..c
    ~

    c.. 400

    200

    0
    0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
    v (m3 /kg)

    PROBLEM 1.4'/
    Fov: ft-te. waJev- VCt-po(' IVl fIAt +()..t\Iz..)+he p-v-Tr"'e/a.+LoVt i-s
    p =[(O.S~5'1)T/{tr-O.2.708)J- fp3.3C,/1J&'
    wke.re V' i.s iV\ .f+JII~ J Tt~ iV\ 01<.) ~H.d P is /~ /J"fl t i-t "Z..
    SolVt~q i+e.ra}l;"elfj for'" ir ai: p=ISOO Ibfl,~2.J r=-LllfO°R,

    \ we.qet 1T=O.b8{P .Pf'ilh


    -rk.u..s) wif-k tke.9"VeM v~ .f.oy V
    m ::: V/17 :. 82.3/0.b86> : 12-0 110ft{ ~

    Tke CoUOWt'lI\1 plo-k co-lI'1. be COI1Sfrud-ed +oof T =12.00)


    l"IOO J/l900°T<.: .
    5000

    4000 ---B- T= 1200 0R

    ---tr-- T = 1400°R
    ~
    N 3000 ---8- T= 1600 0R

    c
    i;;
    :9
    ~

    c.. 2000

    1000

    O-+-r--r-"'T"""""T-,.--r-r--r--r--r-r-,-,-.....,..-,........,....,.......f
    0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
    v (fP/lb)

    I-Zi
    PROr;LE.~ \.50

    Palm

    2. F (1) : 0

    P~a.s A - ~fMA - S9 LA =0

    Manometer
    liquid

    r~:.s~L.
    :,,. 2.4 ~,) (32.2
    \: /+
    4.)(
    s
    ~ I-~1
    32..2
    I '''f
    Ib.~lsf.
    = 0.D3"1 ~
    l/gfli",2-... ~!iP

    , H~: !:: /3. Stt 1""'.0


    =t> ~~e.:: 13.'S~ (D,03r",) Do 0.4', l~fll·"'1.~

    Hz-O : ~~~:. $, L
    :. ~O£)O ~ )(q.S' ~ lCo.o, ~) 'N
    tt\' 's ''"I. m/ s a
    -I(
    : '1.BI XtO ba.f"S4f-4 ---F~

    H,: .f"'3 : /3. S~ Stla..o

    ~ Pj~(L ::. /3.Sct (tl.SO(lD-Cf) :: ().t),3J3 b~,...s.~ --I-T,~

    1-28
    PROI;LEI-1 /.5'·
    UStit\q ~.1.Z.2

    T(Or) ~ I. t3 T(Oc) + 32

    (at ) T (0e.) =2 1
    T{OF) =(1.8)(2/)+-32- =&&1.8
    r(OR) : T(OF) + I.fSq. h 7 :. 52'1. If 7

    (b) ,(DC) = ~":lO


    T (CP) ::: (t. B)( -LtO ) f 32 = -40
    T( PR) =-'10 f- lf59.h7 : L{(CLCo1

    (c) ,(oc) = 50 0
    ,(PF) :: (1.8)($00)+32 :: q3~
    T (01<.) = q3~ -t "15ft./; 1 ~ l ?liL<Ol
    (it) T("C.):: 0
    r(fJF) ::(/.S)( 0 )+32:: 3:>..
    -r (DR,) :: 3~ -f '1St'J.67 -= 4C\,Llo 1

    (e) T(OC)::' 100


    ,(OF) :: CI.8)(loo) + 3Z =-;2/2

    T{°R.) ':: 2/2 + I.f5Cf·(,1 ::: &'1/. b1


    (f) /(0(,)=-273.15
    .
    I (OF) = (I. 8)(-2.73.15) -1-32 ::.-459.'7
    T{OR) :. - 45'<1, fo1 4- 'I: Sq.' 7 :: 0

    1-2'1
    Tt'C) -= T ( of) _ 3 '2.
    /.6 1·8

    = T{OF} _ I 1:'7-8
    I·e

    "T( O() :. -r.e - IT.78


    ~<Z
    -::. ao
    T( K):' 20 + 27,.IS ~ ;l.Q3. \5"

    (\0) T(Op): -40


    T(o,"):: -40 -(T.TS =-L{O
    I·g
    T(tc):: -totO'" 2.7'3-.'S = ~~3.1S'

    (() T(OP):; SoO

    T{0C.)-= ~-17'Ta,:~CoO
    i.e.
    T t: ~ ') ~:~~o-(o 2.7'3 ., s:. S3:t ~ S"

    ld") T(OF): 0
    o - IT. 18
    'fe ~ - '7.78

    -11'.78-+ bl3.i;f:. 2SS'.'37

    ~l"). -1'=1.7-1': lOO


    /. ~
    \00 + '2.'7'). IS" :: ~/3.1S"

    T(OC):. - 4~-b7 -1'1. 1-8 -=. - 273.JS


    1--0

    1-30
    PJ2D6lE.~ t. S:3

    T:& ( °C) - r; (DC) :. [Tz.(0(. ) +2p6S] - [ Tj (DC) +2}Ki5] = T 2 (K) - -r, (k)
    Tz { IPF) -7; (OF) :: [Tz { OF) +-~1] - [r. (OF) .,.1-~1] = TZ(DR) - T,{D~)
    PROt3Lc~ 1.51.J
    t~e.. e~~re~slO'V\ -\1>.. ("e~\.~ to..lA.<:.e. is

    R ~ Ro ~'lCr
    v,)h(.r~
    Lr( *-+0)1
    Ro = 2.4.n. (l.~ To: 310 l(
    3-r--------------.,
    2.5
    5lhet. R: O.3lA a.t T= ~2.Z.K
    ..31 ~ C~.1. ) e.\CP [r (
    ~7.. - ~o)] I
    2

    ~O~Vl~tj fo.r ~ ~ 1.5

    ~: (~ ~.3:t)..) :ll8l'>.'l K
    -41.2 3\0 0.5

    Thus 0---t--r""""""'r-;-T-r-r-..,....,-r-r-;.....,.......,.,--.r-........,......---,--,-""""""'"

    R:. 2.2. ~)(P l2-2ee., (-+ - ire))


    250 300 350 400 450 500
    T (K)

    PROI'3LEVl I.S?

    From +l,e c1~ at. T::. '3'J.0 p <.:»

    T COF) R (0) SI.aq :. R. [I + o«(3"l"'~~)J • 1<0:' 51.3'..n


    Test 1 51.39
    A+ T=\q~°F'.) R. :: 5/.72. Th.u.s ·-s
    Test 2 51.72 51.'12. :: 5/.3tj [1+ -«\q(o..sJ.) 1 ~ 0( =319(SS')(~O
    F',"\,~Uy R": S\:~C1 (l+ s~t~~~\O-s (T -1:l)] ( l=)~
    ~= Rc:>[I+~(T-To)] I R':. Sl.~~<O + 2.0\"'2.'l.)(' (0-'\'

    Lt.-/:. '0 =3:l 0


    F T ~ 4 Clc..Cil (R - st. '1 "2. Co) T
    T(R:S'l.ti1) '::, l(.(g°F ...c.~~---

    PRO 8LEM J. 5"


    U Sl~~ E%. 1.2.2.} T(OF) :::'/. '8 r{Dc) .,.. 3 Z. ro'l' T(DF) = -r(Dc.) := t
    TA := 1.9 T
    '"
    +- ~ 2

    T"
    A
    T := -4 0 ~F ~ "c: ...4,......·--------------=--
    1ft k :
    T{k) = T(oc) + 213./5 :::. -40 +2-73.IS ::::. 235.IS<J~-----::.~.

    T(°(l.) = r{ IP F ) f &.JSCJ .(,1 ~ -40+ '15'.{,1:: 4Iq,"1~~ ~.

    1-3/
    PROBLEM 1.51

    FV"or1'1 .,....e da.~C4...1 flte yela.·/-(oa.\. Clt.&I\ b~ e>cp~~d as


    T(Os) :: (300 -ISO) T(oe) + ISO t
    }Oo - 0
    = 1.5 T(DC) + I so
    Or
    ie°e. ) :: i(DS) -ISO
    ....:....;:........;;.~-­
    I. 5
    Us ,"1;\, fkis re.la+l.~
    T :: I 00 DS -;> - olIII!r ------'----.:~
    3;$. 3 3 4)C ...
    o 100 r= LJ 00 ~ -::> I".b 7 °c <EI..~--_--!~

    Fro'h\ E1"1,, I OJ
    T(CS) :. /.5 [TO<}-213.IS] +/50
    Thu5 J +-he ra:/-iD of the s iz e 0 ~ +~ os +0 fhe kelv;1I\ is
    I" 5 °S/k <J OS/I<

    PRoBLEM is e

    T=W1><+h
    W~ r e """ c4 T'- slop-e.. o..""d, b is +t-..... VA{U<,

    Wke" )l-=. O.

    .
    ACCor~"'n/~ "'e~ ~t"''-~''~ II'tU"l"A-h'O"" +L..n",:>k+~ UJ .. 1l 14

    To:. - (8°Fli~.)(3il?) -i- 68°F


    :: 44°F
    C ERTWO
    ENERGY AND THE
    FIRST LAW OF
    THERMODYNAMICS
    PROBLE.~ '2. I
    kNOWN: AY"\. Q.~+O""",oloile.. of l<t'\.oOlIo#l'\ W\At{ a ccelerv-res -fY-o,.., a.. ~iv-eVl
    v« loc.N1 +0 a.1'\D"~er.
    F/tJQ" 'Dej.c.,."""",,,,,c +""-0. ,· ... '·h·M Ic.,'..,eh'c.. evte.v-,':J 0."'_ +~ c:...Lv.V\.~c. 1'.....
    \<ll1eh'(. ~...,e"'~d-'
    SCH"Mn'Tl<' 4 Go IIIEN 1>1'\'7A:

    W\ :. '2.00 \C.,
    ""i = SO tl:.w.I"'-
    "\1"2 : (00 t<:w../ It..

    ASS'~Ml>l'IO~S~ (.1) .,.~ A""+U""",ololl~ is +t-t c.loSed "YS'~lN\.


    (1.11\4 t:,'kfOhc.. c.t'\ef',,'~! ",rc. relAtiVe. +0 -t~ JLo~d.
    ,
    AfVAL.YSI t: Ik.t.. ,'"",h'M tc:.iVleh'c. e""e V'~ (AS tvW"p h' ~ 2) IJ'

    I<E, ..., J..


    2-
    1M. ~"L

    ,,~ 't.. I03,.,,/t~


    ~I
    ~ IO'S""'~t I:~'-I,~I
    Ie J
    = "i (IZDOtC~) (
    I
    GO ) 131000 £/ 11 )
    KE,
    ::: IIS:1- "I I<. ~ --sf

    T'- c.~~ ' - ~·l1et-fc.. ~.,..~ ~

    l<Et. -l<E l ': t '- Lv;.. .- V,"'-J


    ~ ~(I~OO) [C!OO)~- ("")~J I ~ I~ I ;:;·1
    -:: 3 4 T 1< ::J

    2.- ,
    PROe>LE~ ?..1~

    ~: AY\ o~~et.t & kt\o(J.)~ MasS \~ loUll~J at a. sfed~\tet elevo.ttcrn


    <elo.h·ve. +0 -If,.e. su.rfft.u of -H1e eartk.
    .EllilD.: 'DeterMi~(l ~r(l\Ji'\-a+io~(4l FY\+ia.( eV\er~~ of ~ l>£,.j~d-.

    SC 1l-£I.1,L1,Tlc. t G-11Il:N "DA1A: ,~ "'" "" '100 Ie: 9


    Af>5UMPTIQNS: (I) 'The objt.ct
    is 0.. ClDS~ stjste:M.. (2.) Tha. de -
    -r-,'
    I'
    ~~'
    '
    9 ::.q.'lB'fI\/s2.
    cdenLti..o" of 9r<l.vit~ i~ C.Oi\stoMt. 1.= 2SM

    ,//.r t'{~€(/

    &JAL'i~IS: The. ~n.c.vH~o.+\oV\o.l fOte,'A'h~ e~ef~~, is


    fE.. :: M~ Z
    :: (l{ook~)(q.12 ~,"X2S W\) k.'\Wl/
    I N ~,., 1\ \000
    Ik N NIl'" 'kf'J'
    kJ'" V'I\ '
    \

    ~ q]~f'~ ~:r .c.~~'------------..;...~


    P€

    p~oe ",eM Z.3 -At

    I<NOWN: AVl obj<Z.c,t of known We(~\..1 u.J1.~e('~oe.s A s,ecif,eJ CktU'1e "111 its-
    k'iV\e.+-i.c. ene.rS~ whi le 1~ 'P0tev1tled ell\e.V'~C1 i\l\o(.w-se-s.
    FINQ: Det~(M\"'(' -the +l""d velocl+~ . 3"::. 32:~4+/~'l.
    SCW-eMA:TlC i &lV£AJ DAiA: " V ; = l.{O HIs
    \ I _

    AS~QMPIlD~ ~ !\te. obj<Z.(,t is ~ clo~t! s~s\-(.W\. " ... oIo4~(,.t 6"E - - 500 .f+.lbf
    IHJ4l.'fSI~ '. 1he. CWl.\I\.tj<L ~'" k\.~(Z..-\-l.c.. eV\e-f'~~ i.s teo lb-e.:: W\ ~
    (::Cjr,,>/ -::
    <D b~e. = i 'M('J'";, Z _~ 1.) W\ ~ (loo (b~) 1;2':l (b~" I~ leo lb
    , l'l::l.."l. ~(~ \) I I b~ ,
    Th.u.s ) ~C>\V\V\1 ~ \f";. d.V\.cl \\I\sev+l.V-j v()ltAU ~"et fA. L.t-l-I:d (OV\"e.~JOV\ Wo\<)V'"

    'r.."" J 2:10 + '"',.


    :1 (- SOD +l--Ibf
    (100 \b)
    = 35.1 $' ·His .a 'I;,

    Z-'J,.,
    KNOW N.: A P<IC;k. ~ \c.V\O(.OV\ \fo\,u.W\i\e.. ~~ J.eV\'bi-hJ e.xpene.V\ces ~ '·Ve.Vl
    Q..
    dec(eClSQ.. \11\ ~'(C)..,,\ta.ho~l f0teV\tiwl ~V\e.('C3'j. V:.;)...S'>< 3.S'x: ~ \",,3
    EIN p: 1>e te.r",i 1I\l!. the cl-lo."'3 e illl e. Ie v o..t io11\ •
    StHE.MATlC ~ Gr\V£N "bATA:
    C, :a
    ...... -,

    -,.:_,' _' // ,,= . J


    120 II:> 1f,+3
    ~ =3-:1.0 ~tl s·
    fISSUM eTlON5 ~ (I) The bl"'l ck.i.s 0.. c..loseol Afl! ::.- SOD .f!I-.l~
    S'j s+ew\. (2.) "The Q,Cc.e 1e.r-a,flO\.\ of- ~ rtUf\t~ Z
    \5 toV\sto..Y\T. (:~) 1W.d.eV\si'-h:i of ~ 'oD£l~
    is u,\I\\~orVV\ -tl\t"ou.~hol.tt.
    ANAtYS lS : It C-t'3 '\ 3
    V-::'(2.S\"')(3.S\~)(<'\Y\) \~) ''''~ =- O.O~o)~tf 1// '/ II I'

    \3~se.cl o vv ClSSU."""?~\'o""'\ ('3)


    '(\'\ = ~V ::. (llO\\>1-9-\-3 )(O.03 01g H 3
    ) :::. 3. CD 5'"( b
    The. dAar\~~ '''' POte,\f1,+lC\,\ eV\ef9~ o.Y\A -t\A.e. e\'e"a.tio~ o..re r-e\a-+e& bj
    Ape.. -=- 'M~ A~
    Thl.lS I so\vL'L<\9 -tor Ai:.
    6'PE. ( - SDO .(!.\-- \ loT ) , 32.2 lb. f+/S2.1
    ~l. e, ..
    ~ - (3.l. S \b)( 3;;\,0 ~'~7.) \ Ibf ~
    : - l"s ~ .f+..<;~ Az
    -..;;......;;;;...
    PROBLEM 2·5
    IqOQwtY; An a 14;.0 ~bll~ of K~OU1V\ we.I''1kt -trAve I~ fyoWl
    KI'\OI.NI'\ elcvcdl'0Vl. V
    ~ be+e"'''''''''·''''t t"'-t c.kA."\j(' ~ pote~-h'lI-( ell\e"~7.
    'SCH"U'"A"tK. 2. "tJG'" '1)1\711 ..

    ASSV1'1PT10....,~: ,,~ As sho""", l,~,.t- .. c..... ""'.-h·C".,) T~ av..+U~~I'k. ;~ +~


    c.l~wcL "1~.""'" '2.. ~ Cc.cce\e't'4"·o,," ~.f ,rA,v,'Je, ts (.oV\~fA"t:.
    A NAL.'S' ~: TN c..&..-" e I·..... poi-t .... -h·,...t ~#II e rj ':J v.)

    Tho( CrUA"" ""t1 VV\J ~ AQGC)S "'-&J<ci ~ +~ v~k.c·~ w-e..c':J1A..f. ThMs.l


    il'\S'4VWlo'\.j ~""O"""'" vo..l""e,J

    A fE ":. ~bOO llaf)( 1..ooo.f+).:- 1;:2. ~/O'" .ft· Ibf ...-------/!pc.

    PRor3LE.M 2."-tc.
    I KNOWN: An object 0+ k.vU?l,O)'\ MA.$S otec.e~eY{1,-fes fY"0"M o: ~\.ve.J,\ I",i+l~(
    '-' ve.loc.ii<{ to oft e, k.VlOW" i1o.( v~loc..d·Cj ,
    EINP~ ])e.fe,V'WlI"'e ~e CIf.1a.k~e.. ,"", k&iAef.ic. eV\er"~~ of +~ l)loj~c.+.
    sc H€M4nc t Gr\VE;A,) PA.:1A:
    J--- - -,
    I m t \J7:: lOO m{s
    : 1000 l~1 : \tz. = 2.0 \"Ills
    I
    1_ _ __ I
    I

    AS5UMPnOIJ: TJ,.e obiecl- is ~ closed 5~S.f.e.t"'\.


    AAJM.,'1Sf~: The clttat1tj e il!\ /c.,IAe+ic. e,Yle.('~Cj is
    i
    A kE::. m (\1";,2_ v; ~ J
    rr\serh'li\, lc..vlo(,V~ "(;LUtes a.~ UJJ,1ve-..-flVtj lA.lltifs
    A kF ::. 1
    .U - 2.
    (IOOO~) [ J.o"J. - lOO -;a. J '!!l.~
    ~:z.
    I l N
    1 k~.mfs2.
    I~ lO~N'YV\1

    2-4
    PRO?>LeM Z.r

    KN oWN: AV\ a.\'l"p\a.V\e. E)~ k~owY\ mA.SS f lie.s W\-\-V\ ~ ~\"eV\ ve\o(,i~ o:t ~
    lJl'lei\ ec.l titlAAe., ho-l'h Yl1e.a.surru( re\cc.+,·ve 10 iWz. su:('f~ o.e +l\e e.a.rtk.
    FIND.. c.a.lc~.daAe. (Co.) W k'\A~HG (kV\el "ofe:V'\~e~r~ie.sof &. ~\rpla.V\e)4w::l.
    (h) ~ tiV\Q.L ve.\o~·r\·~ -to~ a.. ~\V(.V\ cho..V\9e. '\1\ k\\l\ehc.. e'lle('~~.
    SCHEMA ile. i GC\Vt::N bA-TA :
    'M=SOOO~
    AS5UM PTlON5:0) the~;rpla.Y\e.i5if
    'l7::. '50 ml s
    clDse~ s<j~+em.(2.)~ Clcce.le.ratlDV\ Df
    ~ ::.q.'18 rvals'4
    ~ V"ClVlt\f \S (,oVlS1t:t.IA.+. ('3):1'11\ 1'0-" (.10')
    ~exe. is V\o cWtY\qe. l\l\ e.leva-tlOIl\.. ' AKe~ 'lO~oOO k..-:r

    A-NAi..'I~'S ~(~rT"e \"~~+LG ey\e,r<a~ is


    KE.,':. .1.2. 'M «r:
    '4, 2. '=- j;z. (5000 ~) (150Z ) W\ ~
    $2-' J NI 1 Ie.T
    -O:3~-
    1~.mls~ \0 N'M
    I
    ':: Sb l 5 2 0 k.J'"< KE,
    Tht ~ra."it~h·Of\D-l pc*eV\ntM e.\')eV'~ tl is
    IN l~
    yE. ~ 'h\~ '!. :: (5000 ",)('\ ;'18V'tl~")Clc)ooom) - - -
    I ~'W\(S" lO'3N·V\I\

    l\') The. cl\o.n~e. \V\ k'Vl~+\c,e,V\er~~'l~ Y'~\o:\eA -to ~e..lV1·,+,a.\C&~ .fLIAC4l velo-
    cities bj
    At.E. :. 2.. ~ ..
    I (,,... '2.
    ~ -
    \,...
    \I •
    2.)

    ~s) so\vlVt1 -fo, 'h,2.o.vv1 (.(jnV~M\",~ lA.V\·r\-s


    v:"2.:. 2 AKe. V"': 2.
    ). YV\ +\
    2. ( \0,000 k"S) II ~.Ml&l.ll 0
    3
    N'M.I ~ 'M'2.
    ::. (5000 bj) ,N \ k'j' t USC ) Si-
    : z. b S 00 '('1,2/tf.~
    I

    \[''2.. ::. lb2.B W\ls~c ~

    2-5
    PROBLEM 2.8

    KNOWN: AV\ objec.t o~ kV\ot,UV\ V'14SS moves wi+'" a.. ~ive", ve,loc;+~.
    f'~P: J)efeV"w,,~e. (().) +~ f,iActi veloc.·t-l-lJ ~ 0.. f'lV~1i\ cka~e. ;11\ kill1e.J.lc.
    eV1~(,~~) (A.~(b) the. C~Ctt\,~ itA eleva.fioll\ for Q. ~l"elft c~Y\5~ i""
    pote."~l~ e~er~ ~.

    ~~eMAr11C S G-I "EN 04rA:


    A5SUMPDON'5: (I) The ohjecl- is a.. C/DSuR
    sCjs+em .(2.) ,He o..cceleY"o:ftoil\ ~ ~YQVi"'!1
    is C.O\lt.s-r(A..J1.t".

    AtJAl'l£S: (~)
    The. clttaVl9e. ;1It "ti1e+ic. eYle}'-~~ ~
    f,·VlO.l v~locl+ ies b:J
    AKE. = ~ ~ ['f"z.~v;1.1
    ih.o.~, solv,iA9 .for- +~ fiLWJ vd,oetlj v:.
    \ r- .:
    \J J.
    J 2 6k'e
    V\"\'"
    \,..-
    V ,
    2-

    l~serh~ Vtt.lLtes and converflV\[J (,tfl,tts UCLC,.d'~(Jl~


    \r __
    v_
    (2) (-IDO .f.J-.lbf) 132.2. lb..f+IS'Z.1
    + 'DO
    2 +l-z,
    -
    2.. (\ \ b ) I 11o~ s 2.

    ([) :. ss.« 7 #/s ~ ~

    f b) The c1Aa.nqe ;11\ poIeJllf,a.{ evaer1':1 is r~aAe& to +he clA4K,e. "1;\


    e/evttnoli\ b~

    APE. :: vn.9..62
    -rku-s J +ke e-ka lIt,e. i '" e.\eva.h~ is
    /12 = ~PE
    W\j
    = (I t> 0 #. 11:,+) 1 3 2 . 2 lb. U{ ~ '&.1
    (I 11,)( 3 Z.O f+ls 2 ) I \bf
    ~ :. 100.(, .f4- .. Ai!

    I. The V~'6"i.~ o(ec....~es I a.s e)(pecfet;(.


    2... -tue elev(.Lnolo\ IVtCV"ea.seS J a~ e'ilpflCkJ.

    2-"
    kNOW N.: At/\ object of tv\OWt'\ W\lA.SS tA.cce.lera.+es froM 4.. ~ i veY\ ·l\~·)rtia.(
    "e.loci.~ +0 A. ~ ive\l\ f,/A(1.\ ve.loc.i.ftt due -fo ~ ~tlOY\ of 0- rnsul ttA.k.t force.

    E.lbrn~ 'De-rey"vy\\ne. ~ l,OOrk. done b'j -tke. "'e.su.lta.~t force.


    SC.\-\'E.MA-Tlc. t (1' 'leN pArA: m::~~
    v: ::~oO W\ls
    \l';. :500 Mis
    AssuMPTLONS: 0) The o~jec+ is dosed. s~s+e.Y\I\. (2) Ike resu.(~t -force.
    0..
    is ~ 0\'\\'3 \wte,('o..c+\'oV\ hetwe.ell\ -tke. obJect 0.."" its su,rrou.V\d\~9s.
    ~AL\{~l~: B~ :a.S~UMp-h.·O\l\(2.))-tite. wor~ of +k "("e.su.l-fo..~; force l\.UJ.~+ ~u.a.1
    1Vu.t~" U.SlVt~ E'6' l.b
    --tiAe oo""je tv\ K\V\e.+k, eY\e.rg'j.
    <D work : i M( 'r1.'1.- V"'; 2.)

    ",
    ~ i(').k~)(SOO"t.-:tOO'?)Ts.1 IN
    , k~·M/s2.
    ::. 2 \ 0 k.:r~< ~::....:....:.::...
    work.

    I. The. i"c. r~e.\ V\ "-l~ e+\.c.. e,Y\e.rg ~ of the. cl, j e.ct is -f{.e re~(A,l t o"f
    eV\er(j4 -rrtlVlSfeVV€d -to if b~ +he. work of -rhe. resu.I~IA..+ -force. '--~
    fROP.>LE.M ct.l 0

    KNOWN: AV\object of kY\o\.Un M6..~S untkrgces'l.clAo..V\qe of k.,~e+i(,eY\e']M


    clue10 ike o..ctlov\ of o: Y'e~uJtQ.tA.+ force., 1V\e f1'it1a( vet oc..ii1j o..'Ae-{ i~e worK.
    clo~e. by ~ (orc..e. ctrrl. ~\;'e,V\.,

    FINO: 'De-\env\\V\e. the \V'\\tiQ.( "e,\oc.i~,

    SCHEMA-IKe it &lV6N J)ATA ~

    ASSUMPrloN$ = (1) The ob~ecl is o, ~os~ s~s~. (2.) T\:leve. l> no cMa.li\tje i4i\
    elevt4tov\. (3) The. resuJ-tlAtA.t -forc.e tt +~e. only l",teY"~+wV\ beiw(.eV\ tl\:e
    olojec,t o..vvA \15 SUX'fOu,~"'~s.,

    ANAi.'1:>IS ~ 'ByQ.s~<"uvlpho~ (3)" 1l\e. work. of tke. resulta.«.-t -fott:e mu.3t e~wtl
    1ke.c.Wl.W\~e. \11\ ~l"'e.tk,eV\eft3~ ~5) tls:\i1~ E£(,2.,=,
    work. = i'M (v; -v: 2.) 2.
    'I.
    Solvl~ for \f; ') \\A5erh,-,g vtM(,tes)a~ COhVe.v+lIA9 \.AH.i.+s
    -c:
    \
    :. _ 2. W ....
    W\
    v-: 2-
    z.
    2. (\ OD 1O\u.)
    -- C3~\b)
    = 2.'3 '3 J
    ()O #{cs'2.
    or
    CD ~ :: IS2,Cq .f+l $OlIII!!:E.......----------------~
    I. The \~creo..se. 'W\ ve.\oc.~fy reflech.~ l"'(,rett~e. ,V\ k.1Metic,e¥\e~~ of
    tk object Cc"s a.. ruult of elt1er9Y +mllls.(!eYY"e& ~ j~ b~ -the work..
    or- ~ \fe.su.(to.wI- force., .
    'P~O'B(..6 1'1\ 2./1

    KNOWN: Do.+Q",. Arc prov,'ded ~ A. cL,",~-s~~cl -f";Jw"'~e./,


    .~: <.c..) Oot~'" APPf'op...,'A.k -c)'p"".U.·O .... ..r +Or i'''''- 1'\00\0"'""'" t 0 F ,'..,~rM'"" o.J'\q
    +"-- J;.l·""e-h'(.. eJ\e"",y . (b) u's,,,,, ,ivr"" c:L..~ J d. ft>r...-'",c.. t"'- ICI"'~ h '<.. ~"'~V"!1~
    Q. ... d IM.AS.r f-- "" slu./ f''Ye.c..'''~el. Cc:) Ufl ....j t'~Se.tlt.t f t - pAr-r(Io») dd·.""",",,''''e.
    .,..""", /liA.d.iv~ Q.",d II\;\AtJ' of 0.1'\ o.[v""",,'Io\V"""" f/yWK4'e.1.

    scHtMATIC g GIVE..:> DA7'A:

    S -\ope I +1'1 t.v htoe./ :


    w~300o RPM
    R= 0.38.-
    w ': O,o-z.S""",

    AI v......;"'....... .flj wJ,Pt' I:


    w = 3000 ~ PWI
    W': o,O"Z.S~

    ASSVMPI/OI\J~·. I, Th~ fl.:jwJ,t't'1 &.? t4. c..los~d S'1..sfelM, 2" Mon'o",\ I'S reIA~'V~
    +0 +"""'- ~l'j wM"el S"'1'fod .sTYIIC tv-re,
    A""A L 'rSI s:
    (~) £"a.lu.a.n~ ~ 'MoOM~vX of iV\e'f"na.
    I ,. Sv_I ~ r"&.dV
    Fer fh( c1'·sk. J dV:: ~2"l:r r,h'·') w, 'Thtts J 5'~ce r '\$ c.o~tu.t
    I : f (2"tt') W o r 3 d. v: ~
    S
    ~ n w R. 4/ /'2.
    ~ ...
    ~l------.::::..
    =
    The. b'~e..tlC. e.Y\e'i"~~ \s

    ke. ~ J VO l
    (i ~V"''Z.) d V
    o..~cA. V 2. c: w J
    So

    kE. ':. SR ( !!
    C>
    y-z"e,.L)3.) (.z.1\ rciY"')W

    .. .i ~ £.V 'Z. ('l.~) W


    Se~ r l e:tv:
    = -k. (~K ~\'Jw~
    ,----------'
    ..
    :c
    :. 1 I W 2.. .oliIwofF--------"--'--------
    kE
    1_

    CD) fro"'" 7~A-lq J ~ cLCIl S •• f..t II-t


    sf-eel CoO J= 80GOlCfJ/Wt~ TlM.cs J
    ~-..st ~

    I=
    Acc.orcL,.... n)
    K E :: t I w'1.:: "i.("., J<,' 1.) ( 3000 2 7t rAcl{/
    1~ 1)2../ 1"-3 j
    1 ........
    ~ lr:,·~'Sl.
    1M ' : :...

    ': 32.57~/04 N·'IfA,


    ..... KE:
    .....

    ((.) -rf W JWf<.E. o..t~ -t«- Sc:lwtc. foot" -tl....t


    )Q.>'\.l a.lV"'.41t'lV_ f',Wk -e.ef
    t:A.t 1w~ s+u.l fl a~~-e I

    ~E)AL = (l<.€) ST

    0/ w ~4 )Al- ~ (7t pvv ~'t) ,.

    ~ (JR 4 ) AL = LI ~4) ST
    '/4
    RAI- ~ ~"L) RST

    WI'~ J>AL. ~"""" 7o-U.tA-l'1) PAt...'=- 2.1'C10 1<.§/W13


    .!.
    7?AL =. (e 06 0) ~(Q.36~)
    d-1'OQ
    z: O. S t')I'\.; ....::-4~-------!..;1<At..

    W\'=- fV: {J C. W 7t R. 't.J

    :: (2.1-0 0 ~ )( D.01.S,",,) (It) ( ~.s--)?.

    = 53· O( (c::: d- ~--a-----_

    ).-10
    KNOWH: ~V\ ()b~~ct ot ~y\o(J-)V\ 'M(.\'Z>S \N\ove.s o..lo~ o: s-\To;\~"':t b\.-\e W\+~ ~
    kr\.Ow~ "e-loc.~+~.

    FI N'b '. DeteIf'M\'V\e. +"-e. ro...ho\l\(l.\ sree.J!. e-t- 0.. ft~uJ~ee.\ w'o.ose. Y'oro.+lO~
    \<\V\e,nc.. <tV\e,Y"tj'j \s, ~~ \11\ M~W\'''\-'uAe -\0 ~ O\'~e.(,tl~ h'V\tar b.~e,Hc:, ~",er~!1.
    5C\feM.tVT\C. 3 C:r\VE:.N "DA-TA:. KE obi ~ KE f w
    .
    ,- - - --I
    I
    ,
    I
    I
    -h---.+
    ~: \0

    ~:: \00
    \b
    "Is \J.-----;',r
    f§"; :)
    'l
    ,
    •
    ob~(l.ct \:~w ....L :r: :: l50 lb. ~"L
    ASsUMpnQtJ : (\) T~ oloj<tc.-+ a.~ -t~e. ~l~w~ee' o..~ "'bo}h C\DSeJ. ~\is~W\$.
    k~A-L.'1!:l'S_: 'ihe k\~<2J\.c.- e,V\er~'1 ot -tWl. o'ojS!.d' is
    KE.o\)" = i ~ \r '4
    U .. 1 ~ .f:t'2.1 l lL,f
    - :z.. (10 lb) (\00 ) S2 32 . '2 \b.t+I&~ = 1553 i+.. l~f
    For +~e.. t-~~w'-'..e.e.-\ (See. fhe. so\,u.n61A. -\0 \I,-o'o\eM 2. II )

    ke.f.w =. i. I . W 2-

    tv = j?- k~tvJ e, j 1..( J553


    ('so lb. ~+,.,)
    .f+.. lbf) 132.2
    l
    lb. f.+ls'"
    \10+
    :: 25.82..-k
    IV\ -te.('f\1.Ci ~+ Rp)..i\
    W =- (25'.8'2..
    '\'
    t) lye-VI
    .;2 TC l
    bas ·1
    M lk
    -
    -
    2Llfo,~ Yev/'(n\'II\rlC
    .,~~--~
    KNOWN'. Two objects ~,,\ tree\<j l,\.1I\~r #te. ,V\~~ af ~r(JlVl+.j froM ~sta.~
    -tke SO-Me. ,~itl(M e-leVtt+lOV\.
    Flt{D: S\'\Ot,D ~t ~ YV\o...?Y\"+\.llk~ oof -tWL ve,l,,(,C+je~ CA.f'e. ~~ a.t fW2.. Wl.O~t
    j usr befor~ ,",e'1 St i ke ~e. ea.rttA.,
    ~CbteM.f\TlC i ($ \ VEN PkIA '. ~Vl'11 ,.~.~~
    : M'2.

    T~-
    ........

    AllSUf'\P1tOtJS : C') An o~Je(,t 'VIi .free. -ft.tvl is ~ c-losd. S~stt,M .0-) -rk lAccelemttoJ\
    of ~r()"\ll~ ',s coV\sto.""t. (~) "Tke~ is W) a.ffed of ~~ (,e-SisttA.V\Ce. eLf) The on~
    force. o.ctiL"~ l S +k.cU cJ..w.. it> 'j ra.v i ~ .
    ANALX$I$'. forOoV\ c'~iect..ftt(,{,.iI\~ ~l~ CA.~tkr title.. 1i.1-kA.ell\Ge of ~,...a.vi~ ~E12.1,1
    o..pr l ' e5
    i YY\ (\r1.'Z..- v:. 1.) + Yn ~ ('Zl.- ~,) =0
    For ~:O ~~ &1.:.0

    i ~\(z. 2. :. 'M9 'Z.J


    Th.,u.~ \f;. = J2. 9 -a "
    S\~<:.e. -rke. fined veloc'\'\-~ cloesv{t. o.eDeV\cA &Y\, M((.SSI bo+h objects
    W\\'\ ~a..ve \cXe.V\"\\(,(k.\ ve\Dc.\tie.s a.t +trte. M.o~e\.\,t ~u.f>" before. -t\1e.&j
    ~T~\\.ct ~e ~~.

    2-\2.
    PROBLEM Z.It+

    KNOU)N.~ Itv\ oloje.e...t of known '\'\'\At;.} \S pro~e.c..t~ lJ.fwo..\'"Cl 1To\'\"\ +ke. ~lC.r~ce.
    of t\'\e e.a..Y"t\.\, wi+~ (X. IGV\.o~V\ iV1i+io.l ve.loc.\tj. "The 011\\'1 force. o.d-\&,,~ on +~
    object is -tt.\e tof"c.e of grl1V l +~ .
    E..lbl:b.: ~\ot +~e \le\oC:l~ ~f +~e ot>jec+ versus eleva.+Lor\ o.~tA c,te-re.rt'\'\\"'e. ~
    e\eVa.tloV\ w~eV\ its veloc\+y '(e.a.c\Aes aero. (~) \f;.::o T
    5C.WeMM"lG iL l$r\vav M-T'A-'.
    z, ~ =. 3\. S ft/s 2
    A5~UMPiION s: ll) The. DIoJec.+ ·L~ ~ ctos-eJ ~ =. 200 .ft{$
    S~S-\t.M. (z.) The o.cc.elero.t~O'\A of gnv'\'!:t \'-s m = So lh
    GOt\Sw.wt.(~J T\1e D~ for~ ~oh~~ O~ iW2,
    ob j<l.Ct is ike. .force ~ro..v l t~. / / ( ( r / r , •

    ~AL'fSlS: S1Vlce,ihe. o~l'j ~ce. o.cf-l~g ern, +t-tQ. \o~ ~ tke. .foyce of camvi~)
    6::r. '2:.l9 ()..?ph~s. ThU.~) ,","e. ve1o(,d'~ o..V\.tt eJevo.h:o~ o.m. rela.tetA -totwi- \Y\rt~
    c.o"Wr\t \G'\'. ~
    i~\j2+f9~ '" l~-.r;2.+~V~o
    Th.u5) ~o lv \~9 fOY" 'r
    ~PY'~S<j;lOv\ ~ V-
    ~ :. J -r; 2. - 1.~ %. ~~ ----.:.~~~~
    \V\ terMS of Z

    Whe.~ v;. =-0 ) t2. is


    l :. ~2. -=- 2.f>o2. ftts2.
    2.. 20
    J 1, C~,.S *lSl.)

    f \ 01 h nq ,""Q. CA.\.>O\l€. \"Q.lo.+io ""5~~

    200

    160

    120
    ~
    ~
    80

    40

    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
    z (tt)
    P~D6LE.t--t l.J 5

    ~ ='1.0\ 'Ml$2. V~
    6KE.:: - 5oJ" :. -SoN·V\'\
    Y\'\9
    ASSUMfT IO~S ~ (I) The block is lA. clDsed s~sre.m. ~) The o..cce\era.,+L9Y\ of
    <\ro..vi~ is coV\sta.~+. (3) -rl-\e force Ris CDnsto..wt-. ('t) 'V\efe. is V\E) tri.c,+\oro.\
    '1"0('c.e. betwuV\ 1'iAe. block (X~et ttAe lV\ c\ \~e.
    ANAL'/Sl$: B~~v\y\\"'9 \A)~t~ E~. ~-f.:,
    JE'cl~ ~ ilkE.
    FroVh +ke, tv-ee, bOliJj &j~(ctM ) -t~e dot Vf"o&-u.ct f· &$ au\ btl. -e.~p(essed. ttS

    £. 42 ::. (1<. - VV\~ 5\1A 30 ) d S o

    So
    J (R -
    $2-
    'M<j s\v\ Boo')cls '::. h\(E..
    5,
    Not IV\~ -\-V\a.~ W'\'?l ~\V\ ~OO os:. W\~ A1." the. \ V\te~("'()..l \oe (.()t\1eS
    R As :: b)(E.. + m<jA~

    E:\Ja.lCAeth~ ~ ~S
    ~"f 3 '(\"\
    As == CS \11\.
    '"3 c:J>
    : ' S \11\ ':>0 : bVV\
    0

    -r\w.s (-.so ~.~) + (10 k.<j )('\.B1 m}S?')(3W\) liN" ~'Y\1/S2.1


    fZ:. (to"",)

    :. liO.'12 N( It
    The \,osi'+\·ve. value eteV\ote~ ,""a..t the. cl\\'"ec.tlOV\ .~ ~e. So..m-e. £t~ i V\a\CAtu.(
    on tvL ~\oo"e. t\~UX'e.·

    .2-11/'
    PROt3Lct"1 2..I"~
    lS~OWN: 13e~iK 1-1 i1\9 .froM Ye.s+, aV\d o~j ed of kVlow,. Y»a..s.s s / idt!.s doiov:
    ().l'\ il1c.1i""ee( pla.ne. The ..eeV\~fh 0+ ~ ramp is ~lveV\.

    FINP: 'Dete.Yrnllo\e the. veloc'l+~ of +lAe ob!ec+- ok the. bo#Orvl of +ke V'6-~.

    SCHeMA-TIC II C,IIIW l)ATA: 2, - O~


    m:. :lOO (<'9 ~
    (o ...
    9::Q.81 Wi/5 2

    'f;=o I
    ....... .,

    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _......c::...--...;:::..:io1'~
    ~­
    :z.
    Vi.
    &SSUMfTlONS: (I) The rntc.ss is t:t closed S~S~M. (2) f~ is no ft-k+ioV\
    be+W~V\ +ke mass and +ke. ro-mp ~ ~ a.w-
    res;s+a.If1ce i,5 ne31i{fllole.
    (3) The A.cce/emtioll\ Df- tjrfLvi+y is UJYIS+o.Kt.
    13 ~ t<.sSu.Mpf-iD~ (2.} > +l-te onlt-j +OV-Ce ~-hVtj O~ the .s~&-kY\'\
    ANA-l'lSlS:
    '*'
    is t-ltte force ~l'Qvi~o Thus) Et. ~.IY ~litZ
    <D iy((~~;f~)+ ~j(~z-~') =0

    SolV'l Y\j for \1';,


    \('2,. :: j-2-~-(-r.-,--e,-z.-)

    From i-ri90Vlome+ri" Y"~I~+lD)'\.s\ttlpS


    2. - 'i!z. :: (10 rn) sc""" (.(0°
    TkttS
    v;. = J2 (Q.131 m/s~)(lOm) SI'" 40°
    :: 1I.J.3 mts ....r ---_ _.--- Vi

    2-15
    PRoBLEM 2. 11-
    ""~ow~~ Abo,," sl;J..,u ~~ ~ ft-tA'"'""f' """'_u 0-1 T~ he)' o.""c:i. ,'~
    v~loe..' o.r\: +k ~p of T~ A.4.~ f ().""-t ,,~ • "T~ I\#.-, j~o~fvJ I'.' 4l&0
    S'~c.r'od .

    FtNO', (." ~ ~~ ~e.t 1


    ~ l'C.#1.'CIY' ) d e \c("~~ +~ v-toc.;+, of- -tf,.... Ju""
    At -t~ b~~ b
    {I.... I\.tv-r a~u ~ ~ ~ ~ 'l:·ck.t-n'c.. AM.':! ~-k""Y1'o-t
    ~'" fr'tq -{w ffM I:u~. (b) Dd~~""",~ t .... Co ~"'3 ~.s a...: /c;',I't e h·c. Q. .... cL
    PQ{t ""u. ~3 ~ '1
    fi...l /Q..o 'Y i» lo.t '" fw-,' toh"", t.4 a cl1 11\ ~ a "d +'- ve-Lo (,4,'Tf
    ~ -tt-. IoA~ 1{tv ~ lA ~. Ce~o--u I.».~ ~,.u.ou...U\ fArt (4). 1
    Sct+fMA"lL~ ~ ~In.., 'bt\7A:

    1/--;---

    As-.SUM,P"ONS', 10o,," ts -r"< doHd $.'1 s-kIM. ,. T", PA.~f-


    ,. T~4t. (10.).1 ~"c~·o..,
    is tle.,/I·5Ib(~, 3.~ ..('C· .. I"("Q"'·~".f 4j~A\I:'*"t ~ '32.oftli':
    AIVAI.. 'r~ IS: (") "l'V'" ~~ o.bs.... l1c ~ 0f A~J resul mVl+ force- ~c +i II\~ 01'\ +"'-a...
    ~'1s-kIMJ i\"lc,t..,,u\,,\j ftl'cn'''''''J E'j. Z..C1 ('~cLuc.eJ' ~

    ,.

    :: 41---- 'Ie

    (b) whet"-e\'" +~c .... {v"c.ho"," 0'( ~t ) t"-' r-o+t"h·-t -e.",.eJa c~ t...: ~.~
    cs, H" ~ ~ tG. --.( Aoo? UC +el"~"'t" 4 I.M fAd (4) ~ -1'2.4. t ft· Ihf· Tf Ve :. C\+tls J
    t~ t~"(st ~ ",·~'\(h'c. t.1oUY'~ ~ SWlAII~(" il'\ \MA,III4+v.cle,:
    ~KE. ~ -lve~-"\t,,'l.J ~ \. l ;z.sl.) Lt'l -kls)l.- (1ft /S] 1'l~~~~ ·Hll'" 1~ 2.1.-\H·I~f
    {:
    . ~

    Re..[e'l"iV-j "'j"'i",~ c,. '2.'1) dec~A.4-e.. w.: r-Hkh·".,..t -e ~OG' -.. .: -tlM.1'
    fht
    Cl>-le. CA", ~ eotCCOUll\+-ecl ~r ~ -\e.fl/\A'O I1f~ . . . . cteASt" w. ~1~·C. 1l~N'
    0f~ b o )( 0.1'\.1 (..UOl-Ic. ~ ov-e(c.e~.e fy-.c..n'(M.
    ~
    PR06LEM l.\8

    KNPWN: A ":>\js+em of k.no(,U(\ m(A.s.s~V\ot e, ~ \.Vf.,V\ \V\it ia.l veloC::\'+~ ex-peri-


    ences 0.. Ct:>V1~-ttl.r\t cle.ce\e.rah°c>V\ due to tlt\e. CA.C.tlOV\ o~ A. r~su.lttA.k.+ -forte a.ne.t
    comes to re~t_

    .E.lliJ..D: 'Determ\he. -H-te leY\~"", of tt~ ~e tor-ce. is Ckpplted a~ -the. work. .

    r_x__
    // /1'
    ~~_~
    "f "('I
    __ ~

    ASSUMP,ION5: (\) ,he 5\jstem 'LS GlE>~e.~.(2.) !he. horiz.oV\+a1 o\ecelera.+/o\ll i-s
    co\1S-ta.V\.t.
    MtAL'I'SrS: To ~\~lA -the tiMe. J use the .f1A.ct thAt t~e C\C.celertx.h·o" i.,s
    c.o~sftA,lo\ t..) tlS .fo llDWS

    ax::. aV- - d;
    ~ _~ <A'T -~)( +
    'V;. r
    t-z.
    SV'; tA'( :: J a..xdt
    t I

    - 0
    or ~-~:. ~xAt

    At::.
    - \f7
    - ::.
    E- ,l.{o WItS) :. Z 0 5...,;;<::--- ---..;:::.-
    ~ C d,m(s'2.)
    lhe \J...)Or'k. of *~ -tef"c.e. f")( -IS {ou.~ troW' E~k 2.- <0
    o
    \Nork = l Y\'\~:'~') .

    =-- i<skCZl)('io"A) ~ l' I ~.m/s:2.


    s
    iN II- \ k"I" I
    10 3 N-m
    =-4 k:r<EoE work.
    ---.;..~

    ~-/'
    t::,f\3QWCI ~ obj"c.t Qf #::_uJl'\ M4iaS'S,
    A", t:lckcl 0 .. b'd D.. feS"lH1l"'*
    -torc< foy e.. s~c:..f\·~cL -h'~e.. J e'l'p.e .... ·e~.l 0.... c.o..,.s+a",;' a..e;.c.ler. f,' 0"",
    fro--, 0.... \:; ...... I.V"" ,~,'-h"" V~IOc..·1'
    FINO: 1)e -\-~W"',-",'II\C +~ l..U or-Ie. 0 f- TN
    SCt-tTM""t'IC ~ (.IlJtO bl'\Td:

    ...' " = 0
    0..-::
    At -:.
    1J.. #/s
    Io.S S
    L , x

    A.SS\)I\-\1>T/C1NS: ,. -n- obj ~(:f £.0 i"'-t. c.Jo~ ci $'1 ~+f 1M. 2. !-1tJh'o;;'\ ~ ~V"'JCMi -t )
    So....~ "'1.t~"'" ~P""·.fllUlJ 11\.0 c.~r -:' po+t",,\-i~ .e"".er"'ti. 3.-r"'-A..
    ~n3~~ o.cc~(ert\-h·CM tA <:'«>""S+-Io\..+'
    AtvAL.,(Sf~: ,A-ppIO"~j E,.2.' Vol,' -t'- '4osS'vw.pk(l\'\ 2...) tlu """aJrlc '1 -l-hA.
    ~ ...c 4' R l¢ ~ i 11 q '" ~ (t
    \Nor'l:. -= {. """-;( V1."1._ V; 1. )
    T"'-a. ~"'oJ. ~'t.\o~f., V'"l., C-&", ~ oLL.-\A-r~V\.Qc:l u.J. ~5 4 S.\:"-ph·tIk '3
    do V - o, ( c.o",sla",t )
    ~ -
    ci"\to:. 0.. cU :::, V"\. - ~ ::. o; (i:.~ - t( )
    o
    \[", ::. ~+ Q.. ( t", - t. ')

    ~ 12~'t- ((p.S ~) ~ ,S ,c*,/s


    work,:: 1.
    "2..
    l so lb'') (1~ fr\'l..
    ~)
    \ l~""
    12.~ lb·~(~"&.
    \
    wor I<. (*,+ l~)
    -= 155 <l ~·lb~ lIIIil;~~--------_':"'-~
    1 B +'-\.
    :. (1SSca .c+.lb~) 11~.~ ~'(b~ -=.. Cl.ll B+v..wZ k (B~)

    2-1 S
    FRoE LE M 2· '20
    /<lVown: The. drf1.J -fof'('~ on a; -troc.K. ts 1=nowYl as ~ .fun.c-h'OI/\ a f ve l o e..:-fj
    o.Yl.d o..f/lier p""rel.Wle-l-erS.

    FI/J'D: "D.e-ler""""vte -t~ fa<.-V~".. rUjv/re<l. 67 +h~ nlJclC +0 OVe'r~W1~ c1"'~J,

    S-Cf{CMflT/C ~ G,fIIf;1'J 1)117/1 :

    J= 1,II<a/..",'3

    ASSlJMPTIOIV: The. -tYoclc ts -th~ ~s-kl-'f.1.

    ANAL.ym: AC:>iOlQ"V\j E1' 2,13) +~ pol.oUer A9<2.7v,r.ed ~ OVI2(COlNle cLrt\.3 I.<J

    ~::: 1;;. V = (~Cd A! V ....) V


    = i Cd A J 1./3 3

    : -£ (o~S)(IO~ -x II ~'J[\ 110 Kk"'J \ I:: \ \ 3:' \J I~"~I'\ \gm!


    = 10'20 sK..J \ ~
    \ \t:.W \

    :::. 102. \<.W


    FROBLEM 2.2.1
    KNOWN: The -Force Ct S S oo.'A. ok d (Pl'oft.-- -t V4 A.o Ilo'VI) r'e'i! ('.s~I'1C~ of -fv.-e -h'Y't',s 0 -P- 0-

    frvct, ,'s t::."'-Ot-Oi'\ es e.. fv"'Cf-'OVl of -tw. trvclc LvE!A~M,

    FIND :

    sc tt'i. MA it C 8. G,I Vt IV ])ATA:

    J= 0,0069

    I()W=322Sk~9t:
    Q .
    110 \<."'1
    ~

    AS.N "",P7/0W

    A-ppl~Y\5 Eoj' '2. 13.'J +h..t. PO~~ »:» 1 ulre.,( +0 ov-ercow.e roll i n,-re.r\'d~l'Ice i.s

    Wr " Fr·Y :: (::frv)Y


    • (0. oo,,~ )l3n S KN I.I~: J)( 1'0 " ; II~::I\;,~, 1)\ :;~'" I\::~ I
    kNoWN: TItI-e drD.j -fov-ce... OVlc:L -t"-t -fo".~ C(.SSOCl'o.-kcl w,'-ft, roLI,'""j 'fes".t~V\ce
    o.(~ \:::.""-8'-">"\ as !v ",C+,'OVlS of vo.r,'a..loles 4S S 0 ~' o: -k.~ l.UI'+t--..;:- v~lA..,:e-l.A-
    i..... \'\.\.c>-h'oV'\,

    FIND: (a.) De-le"' ......... "'~ f~ pOt-u,.... ~"tv «re cl.. -10 ov-e ...CO ......e. d".~j 0. '" c:l 'fo 1,.1'\.;
    (eSIS1-J..",~ wke",--t~ veL<-.'cJ..R v., lMOV1"'-j o;:t ss".,...;../t, . Cl,) Plot--f~

    '1 1,)0.'" ti-h'~ S o{- pe-,.·tc"') o.t\U +~y- S'UW\. vevru.r ve Lcc c.l-«: v~ «: fJ ("<:>..IA"I'\;

    tr""'- 0 +0 ':IS M,'jJ\. 1> I S Co<..> 1'.1' flo..-. .."'" r I.' CA. f,'OVl -fu-.- V~ f........' c.I e, ft.t -( I (' CCTkAl ..... j ,
    'h) ':' 35'S{) Ibf
    A= 2'3,3 _;+'2..

    foo<tCd
    C,j,-=o.&~

    A SSVtvlP7/0NC)', ~ ve £..v.'~ ..:.. -f1.-p S'1 oS {-e ~ ,


    A/oJAl.-"(~lr', Ap~IJ'V\.j 61,2,13 ) ..H\e.- powe v: re,u/fed -tv Oo,J.Q<r~INtf' <>W-~j L-o

    We!': Fd ,\T -= (1 Cd A f V'l.) V ::: A f-yl


    I
    {CoJ

    #/I-h. 1].3 !3Z:t


    \ ~
    ":: {(O.34)(Z~,8iW·)(O,08
    "2.-
    t LV(~'J
    3
    )
    lO.280
    \ --;;:: 16 00 S
    I lbf
    1b
    ·-l11SI
    \ \
    SSb-rt1hf/s

    = 5,~5)(./OS tv(~/h)J3 'v.-p ("*)

    TN. 'power 4vlt~c!. -to OlJ-¥'e..tI'w-J.- roll."",? -US'ls~V\ce ~

    W 0 F"r' V = Gf 111 ) Y = t>.o Z)(35'1> ibf} \. V(~)\ «~ \ ~oo<D I gfHt/' I


    r
    = O,ISq -V(~) kp (?fE* J

    (I-) wl-\elA y,::- ~ ~ II.... ,l»~ ~

    Wd -:. S ,c..~~(O-J l ~l3 ;: '1,44> . .


    WeJ,.)WV-

    'Wr :: 0, I ~"1 [~~ ':: 10, 4 ~


    p~o !3lc M ~.1 2 (COYlt't:l)

    (b) Le H-\V\j V ro..l"'.e fr~ 0 +0 7'r"~/k J ~ a.CCID v.....p~.~


    rloh e.-. ~ d e v~r-e.J .

    40 " - - - - - - - " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

    30
    - ~+,oft,tl
    -a.
    ;S
    ---S;J--
    -e--
    'II! ~
    Wtt
    ...
    (J) 20
    ~
    0
    o,

    10

    o .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
    Velocity (milh)

    W.R. ~ ~~ ~ p!oh +~ v.-r -0 A.l:lc......,;f- ,,;SlAA../ h. )~


    pow.ev I\..D.4VII··,q c:L --tv Ov-'Lr~ A...otl;
    lI\.j ~..s~"'t LR... ,..; ~
    SI5""" r' e-.* ~~ ~O~ -1-0 ou.ev ~ c:l.vo..~. A-t
    lM.5~ sr-e e Dto ) ~ d-v-A.~ ~J ~ ~ .~'V\.A.J- ~Ctw5e."D
    ~ V'?l ~w... ~ ~ P4~~St'~ ~ We( • Sl"'~ -f1....-.>-
    flLooO-V ~ +~ c..:tl ..; cl~ V~ ~ b '1 ~
    0 IMr U\M-4. +
    ~r"'-~ +t~ ~ ~ s-l-oved tn--.. kJo~l"d ~ V.('~·tJ....t)
    tMrlA- s~ c:L.vIVIVl.J tv..o ~ ~ #./(7 Slj~ ~ ~J- vv-...
    ~ C#Vv.l V""/J J,- Y'v\ .

    ;2-.21
    PRor3~eM Z.'23
    KNowN ~ Meo-su.v.ee( Ja;\-4, .for pr-e$Su~ v~ysus ""lum4l d.t.tVI",r ..f-kt. (..()~()Y~ssft:n....
    Df OJ.. V-e.rrl, e,YCUtt dV"(', \vevt.
    E.1.bJ.n: Ca.) Dmv-ml·~e. l'l, for" (). fit ()f ....ki! daf-iA,. b:1 pV"~ ums}o.Jtt. (h) Use flee.
    r"tSltlt (9f. Po.rf (4) +0 evalc..c.aJe. +k~ wort!. ~o...e eW.yti1~ ~ ccWflYessiolA..
    (<:.1 EvaluC<tL f£te wo.,k.. US.li..~ ~r4.phic.~( (}'Y" t1,U.meyicoJ' li-tt~ Vl:X-t~ tYT
    +/lte daiCt../(cJ.J ~rwpetr~ ~lAdci.iS((MS paris ell) a.1t,,( (c).
    SCl-I-.eMAl1L 8 ~ III €IJ D 4rA:
    Data Point p (lbf'/in.") V (in.")

    -- ---- 1
    2
    112
    131
    13.0
    11.0
    I 3 157 9.0
    Yefy~ ~{,Q."t 4 197 7.0
    I 5 270 5.0
    I
    ------ 6 424 3.0

    A5SVMPrlDNS: f. Il-t~ re.fr-igerad. i", fLte. pisfcm-Gtj',i-ttie.... a.sse.mb(~ f-o..-m A


    c-fO$er..{ s~ste.m. 1.. 1he. prt'ssure valu.es prollide-a tlfrroxliMaJe #le
    rr".ess(,(,Y~ o.::t f'ke pisfoYl ~e.
    A-AJ AtLY SIS:
    ( 0.) c? Vle a.fl~ roce.clA -fo ;, L-id )/\, fS -10 be., ~'IA '" if~ rV lit:: ((fYIsf' 0. nt. T41c.,...~ ~e.
    lOj Df Ioo~~ sides ef ~lS ~~v.arlO\'-
    ~j P + ~ 1~ V :: ..Q.Gj C.
    ..., 0 v: .Q~ p ::. (_ '1\) lAJ, V f ~ c.
    11w-s) (- \It) covv-espoY\Js to +Wl • o-f a rlC+ ~ \0'1 P VS. lo~V. «SJ~
    CD 0-. spyea.ds!Aeef- p~Y'"o.W11o ob~lI-t ~ -plot (Aw! ~ l~+ sglU<. es h~T
    -t\'-t ossve: ~
    2.7 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2.6
    2.5 Fyo", -f'ke.. Ut,y ve: 11'+
    2.4 [- \1\) := -c.s c9Se1

    -c:
    C)
    ..2 2.2
    2.3
    ov: Vi ~ f>' 'i 0 BB1......c..---_ 'K
    2.1 Tkus
    2 c.'loBS"'?
    pV ~~s+-euct
    1.9
    1.8 - + - - - - - ; - - - - - r - - - - - r - - - - - - - l
    0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
    log(V)
    P/tof3LEM 2.23 ( Co\'\-\-'cl )

    = - 0,21 b:3 BkA. ~~ ~

    ® (C.) A ~r().phic&tl eVtA.(!.tt(,hM of -l'~ WOylL. (Y\volve~ (l. rlo} t>,f +~.e'+te.k\u.(,ded
    tlam.. ().lA.tl ~ SWlOO"," osrv« etY'o.w~ -tkYOlA.j'" ~ ~ fO\\I\,ts' ~
    450
    400
    350
    _300

    ;;::

    -
    :e 200
    Q.150
    100
    50
    o
    o 5 10 15
    V (in. 3
    )

    E~clA.eleMeV\+a1 r~ct«.V\~\e. f\o\ +tAe f\o-t c.oV\h--l\o""\-e.s +k {oLlowi"'5 it>.J1,.a..


    oxeo: ~\A.deV'" ~ ttAV'''e.:
    (10 ~~ )(0,5 LIA 3 ) I. I ~ 1 \;\-0. I:
    II1,8 f+.\\..f S. ~ 5G> 'X 10-'1 611.<.
    \ \A }2 LI.\

    The. ~u.m'o.w Qf rt.fo..~\es .~ O-ff'<'O'X'M4-feVj "iDiot) fW.s


    W~(40I,()(5.35lD)C(O-lf)=- o.2,lfB C31u.~ W
    CO.} 1~e r~s("l.lk ob~l",ed iV\ .pa,~ (~) ~~ (c:) (}o't. \ll\ ~oo~ Aq-reemek.t. E~
    5\tOU.\e.t. Io~ eews idt,Y"e4,~ ('\tk.IA,,>·do\-ee.s+-i\Mcde -fot +f,;e. retc.Sor\S p...e$ellt+Qe{ ~
    fCi..5e. 'to ilA tlA.e.. clUCM-$'SI.~ ef- o.~ e.lGr(.Ull.Sl~ ~ c.cY\tf~sidl'\.
    'fY" oc.c.sses.
    \. The ~~wa."c. IT cou,l£l, be. u.seJ 40 o~kM"t tke. I-eec,sf s~u.Q,ves CUh'V€ fit h~
    FrD1Y"o..W\~ "11\1 ft..e. <'\~~ ~ w-yve +1th~~. 1+ is eosie« to uSe ~
    5rreA.Gts~lee.f pyoqy"(,l\lA I Vl ·ltus I'"~~I.\ce, lIlowe\ler.
    2. l~e OV\lj V\I\-eA.~u.Y"eJ o(,cd·o... A-Ye. ~ +a~u-l4tt~ ola,ftt fotn.Js)skown «S
    Ii II etA ci,rUe.s . r~ sW\.oo+\"\ cu,vve aces not Vlec.essa Y; ~~ ~~~seMt. +f,.e.
    acHMi p~~su~ td & fiS+Cl\ -fahz- -for f4 ~f0wtt'&\j v~Lu.me.
    PRoBLE.M '2.24
    \<.~oWNf MearlA.(f'd preSrlA.fe-volvWlE' d..c..+", -For A'" €.I)(pal1s,'OV\ o f fJcues
    w,'+k"i .... t\..ou C~/&~d ..... ;V\-J.~rI'l.-"'" co"""bvsn'ol'\ e"'ji"'e.'l~e.~l"eL1.
    o-f 0"--

    {:I~D: (_) D~+ul'l.4.4·vt~ ~ ..f,r f1+ of ~I...... d,,+A b7 pV-"'~ CA>l'I~<f~.d. CbJ V~e-t4..
    A

    "S'u.IT't p,. r t(Aj ~ ~\"'lv,J:.. +~ W" r: IC d..ol'1e. ~ --tf.... ~1'''tt'S''fM' (c) 6vo.l u A.:c..
    +~ I..UtI.,.t<. cL.",~ us.'" j <:Jr~ P kA' c...J trr .,10' .... ,,.,' e.-l ;11 t-t,r~ tJ (M ~ cL. ~ " 1;
    (d) C«?-~(A,(~ A ...d ~lrc.vs:s pAr'h lC)J Cd).
    SCH~~"\"lIC ~ ClveN 1)1'\74:

    r-- --, Data Point p (bar) V (em")


    I ,I 1 15 300
    I ~Se.s I 2 12 361
    I
    I I 3 9 459
    L ____ .J 4 6 644
    5 4 903
    6 2 1608

    Assuf\I\P,IONS: ", A~ Skow>'\ ....: -t"£". 1iC.""-#Wle..t\"C,J +.... t5A.t,..s ("u,'tlA.e'", -f~ p,sfr,J", -~t.",~
    fo,.-. -t"-t e.t.o.... c.< ~yt~"" ..~L Th~ pr~uu."e ""lues proll,'Jed o.ppr,,)(jMA~ t/I..A.
    pAR~Su.fe 0.+ -\''''''-. piS~l'\ ~te .
    kN,4.(.\{StS:(a)Ot1e C(.rproa..clA -10 +liitrJ. '" -"5 .J-o bejiIA lA/i.,.", 'p V "'=c.CfY\srQ,uf" T41c.;""J -I'h4!.
    JOJ of !?o-rk s Le(-es .1- tlAls e 1,"'&('ft.~
    le~ l' + Vi l~ v::. to'} (L

    or
    1(}1 r .: ~ h) 1~ V + ,,,~ C
    ~. r~u.s) (- &i\) f!.AYYresfl0'yt,{j..s -to .ftkfL Slcp(l. o.f.. c...f le>f 0+ l{)~ P \'s" 10 , V. Us;1IVf.
    CD o: sprea..dslAeef p'("o~Y"(J..w\ -Iv ()b~~ fit4!.. pl o O-JIld #t~ l"ea.tf ~~,.~ beff
    +
    .fi eLt,yve:

    1.2

    1
    F('om .flAe c.u.rve tit
    SC)
    0.8 c- n) =-I. J'itl,
    .2 c>Y'"
    0.6 h ~ J. lq'l (, ... _

    0.4 rkt<s
    0.2 -!---...,.....-----r-----.,..------,.----I f> V
    I.tqq("
    ::: consta«
    .L +
    2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4
    log(V)
    Pfl.O~€tM :2. 2y ( Cent'tX )

    (J,) Us('i1~ f1Ae yesu.lff of. ,(u·fl t4 ) lUtA f1,t.e proc~Vf::' e+ E44HAfle 2. ,.) -the... wovlc. is'
    W::. Sv~J.V::' ~ v,. - r. v"
    v. (1- 11)

    :. (2 bcU'·)( l"oB eM') - (,'S)(~oo)


    (/-I.I,ib)
    110 5 tJ/",,"2.11 1 M')
    1 btu"" 10 "c.Wt'3
    III kJ' I
    loi"'ot\l\
    ::: 0.(,43 Jc.:::r..... _w
    (i) (c) A ~ytl.pkic.d .evedLlA.f.iCf\A t')f ~ wh·k \kV.,(ves 0. flo+ 0", -I-l-1(' +-al.)ul "al-eet
    olcd&\ fA 11 G{ &l S WI Cloft-t e.u.vve d v-a.WY\ ..#two ~ h ~e. k~ f O( ",t-s ~

    14
    12
    10
    'i:"

    -
    .Q
    ClS

    Q.
    6
    8

    4
    2
    0
    0 500 1000 1500
    V (em")

    EfAcLt el-eM~lAffi( V"~cJ·e.t~I-e lj,\ +1Je p\at coVlfy-llou.fes +IA~ .foUow'~j .J.o ~e a.rea. Llldecr
    +"tl cu.rv~: C.4 bQ.r) (00 G~ ') 'LOS ;"''MtJ 1 \. W\
    f ba,r·1 10 c.~3
    3
    II 1j"-'r'
    10 ~.'"
    I~ 0.002 k:r

    -rl.,e v"'l~1bw bf V'ecf-alll~l-es l~ Ctpr"OX\V'1o.~e~ 'aZ'l" -I1Au.s


    vJ 1J!, ( 32.'1) (t> .00 2. ) = 0, ~ 118 lcJ~s------------­
    eel) ike f'e'su.Hs O~ll.\-U< i 11\ flAlt1s (b) ,",,-e( Cc) aV'~ ,.."" ~ oocl~ClY"eeme«+. Et.l~ skolA.ld
    be. ccmsi.dev"~ ~ p\ltMs\1tJk e,-kMa.1e -for +1,.e v-e.{(,'OY'$ f'Y'tS.etl\t~J &11\ r~Q.. 40 i",
    +~e. tllsGc.tsslcn\ of ~ettAA1 (.xpa\t$\tl'\ a&Yt ~re~iO'\'\ pY'oU'~eso
    I. 1~e. 'S~·huaV'e IT c.olAl& ~t'. u.s~ +oofttlt,ti~ t~e. I ecc.s+ .sf"A,(~·r4& CtLY"Ve. {:it \0'1
    pfottra.M~\iA.1 ~e. ~UA'h~{ .foy ~YV~ +t:#i~. If is eG4.~ler to use 4-
    5p"('e~ sneeT p"("~p'·"lM 114 tl.\~ (lA.s~ce" howe"er.
    2 0 ~e o\'t~ V\-\etA.sureJ kfel are. .f~\e. -ktloulcd~d AA~ f01WfsJ Shown c{s
    fi LletA c\ r-c..\es. rke 5moo#\ GwlN"ve. tJ.D~s,/ not n~c.essa.""aly Y"e.pl"eseKl- +l-te
    a.(,~ pressu,fe cd.. f'k fi.s~ ~ for #e lOr~oYlJ.t\\j vDIM..we.
    PROB L.€M 2, 2 S*:

    KIJOWI\I: A k."1<'W .... o..V\10ll&tl of ~a.4 ('('l'\hy~oe's (J.. c(/)\sfa.c.<+. p~essulle prf)ce~s
    iL.\ ().. l' isfol'l- (,~ (,"'~~t" a..ss~Vl1bl~ b~5'1f\Y\ \~1 ~ (J. sp.q.ct"~. ied Sfe.dtl.'(.
    voh.(.YW\e, l~-e. ~01"k. lS k..V\.ow~,
    ~: 'De-l-eYM,'t,.te +lAe +llAte.( "oILl~t,
    4jC ~EMA-TU i G-l v EtV PA-Ttl ~ p
    1---- ---I V7::. 0,),. rn3/ Kf
    : GA-S : _ 1 LV::: -IS 14"
    Q) , M :O.~".9 , p=Sbar-

    A~V£L1prLOIJS: (I) ..,.t-.e ~a.s is a. cw~e.J ~~s+e.~" v


    (2) "pr"GSSU ve. is Cc'JYlS~"-t cJ.,u.. V til' j ~ d>YOC~~s,

    ANAt'/S(s: u51~9 9' ~,"1


    Vz.
    W = fv, pet \I :=. p( V-z. - v, )
    -: p (Yz. - Vh "lTa )

    50Iv,'i1~ fay V2- tlV'cA I\ASer+I~' v«(ues

    V-z.. = ~ t- Wl ~

    =. (-lS" k 4)
    (~l?ttr')
    I I bavJ /' 0 IN'
    10 SN /f)\ ~ I "3'"
    MI + (O.~L.- )( 0.'). 'M)//'-)
    J 'J

    ':. O.O~ )'\'\ ) . . .1. -- .......;'11-


    KNOWlJ, ~O"'i~e\'\\V\ o, V\.s'Tc,,-~l ,'V\dev- O\SSe.M\o\Cj u,1I\k~~Oe.s 0... ~fOceSS 10, w~ic~
    r'l t.] .: to nstcLlo\.t. ,he. wo('k is kY\.Ow".
    FIN!)'. 1>etenv\\\Ae +'-"e +\~a.\ \fOlu.Me a.~ ?("eSs\A.~e.
    - .2-
    f
    p.I ::.30 '¥
    tlll'1.
    ~
    V.I = ZS ft3 p V t.-;a·.~ =(.()t16t•
    CD /

    V .25' H 3
    A-1sVM PILoN S ~ (I) The ~ i-s <l ClLDSeJ. 5~Ste,VV\. (2.) "The p'f'oce~s i-s
    fO\ \j T<-o? \c .
    ArJ.M..' lSlS·, To c{e+~W'MI~e V1.., subesti+u.+e ~e. p-V velah~ iV\~ ~. 2.(7
    o vtd.. iyd'e~ rcde." \1,.. -. '3 -.3
    W :. r ~ c:lV
    JV'. J
    J
    (.c.on,t.) tA" -::. cortSt. V-z. ... VI
    ::>
    VI \. V I.'? (-.3)
    Now,) e.onst.:. ~"VII.~. Wi+1A +k"-t eltpV-es-sl·O'l'\. )Cl~ .so",jl'tj fov- V~·3
    -.3 = (-.3) 'W -I- v-..~
    V'Z. P. V (,~ I
    I I

    :::. (-.~)("'~S8~) 7 7 B 1+ ·ILf- • I ff'Z. - 3


    + Ii S ff'l} .
    @o ll,f/{V\2.)(2 S #,)1.3 I 8~ 1"1"'1 i&1 '2, ~
    1
    = O.4(11~

    ==t> V2. ::.:. 1<6.3 S' -t+3c11ill4r--- ~

    Now J we. ca.V\ use.. t\1e.. f-\I ("(l.lah.~ to ~e.t f ..

    f''- "- r{ tJ V t.s


    ~) (:'L~S- '" l.f 4. RS' Ibf/\
    "(3 0
    )' 3
    '1\..........- - - - 1 - =
    •-
    p2.

    I. The shCt&e& a,ma.. ov\ +~ ?-v d,\.~9 Y'o.:M. 1'"~feseV\ts -t~


    war-It. +OY" the. poLljtrop\(, 'P'foc.ess.
    Pf\Of!>l..E..M Z,Z....,·

    KNO'vJN: A 34.S LUl.cJ.:et'·8oe5 tt compr"essJolll prDleSS, P....-eSSUY-e, a,1fId volume


    are. 9,,·ve.n at 'ftte ,t-J i'hal and -f,iittLl skfe.s. 'P....essure o.~ V(9ICLMe. Ctr-e
    re."t1<ld ,,'11I ea"Y-{j dJ.Lnv.g -fUe prtJ,ess,
    EJ..lY.D.: De-lerm ine +~e work. .
    .scI-lEfvfA-TIL 6 6-1 VE.N DA-TA:
    r: = I ba,r) V; =0.3 "'1VI 1

    f'z. = 3 bay ) Vz. :. O. ( m 3 I


    GrAS

    0.\ 0.1. 0.)


    Y-m 3
    dSSUfV1.eTfoNS ~ (I) The ~a.s i-s o: c..tesee( s<cIsk.m, (2,) The c.omp,..eS$itn\. is o: ~ua..si­
    Q~u.i' ibr'Ltn\ ,proce~. wi11ti (t 'IVle.a.,.. tVa,f~ be.:I-wte.1'\. pre,ssute A&-td VO(,u,Me..

    AAJAf){~I'S: Sa-sed 011I fhe ~~\lEwt dMrA.) fl.vL p-V Yela,f,c,Vl CANt be e~ress&1
    cu"
    f ::. 4 -lO V
    whettl. p is In bar:s al1d V is I;" rn~ The. work. is deler-rYIlV1e.c:( us,nj ~,1..I'l
    W = J"polV
    V,
    Inserting +£te. p-V r.e..la.,+W", o.'1d. IHte.9ra.:f'~j

    w~ (:1'::3
    "~I -~-_ "
    10 ~J,o,S~~~11L;;:...ldV
    \) :; 0. ,
    :: [ 1/ V - ( ~) V Z J ~
    V,:: 0.3
    r.oo I
    = te..t (o.i - o:~) -s (O.l"L- Of~~"4)J /(:00 I

    :::.-«.(0 k.:r-<+- ....:.:..-


    - 1. The Y1e9a.J.~v(! SJ~lt\ -for work oleV\.otes eMe,rfl~.Jrrut'.fbr-~+kE
    s9sfe~.
    CA,.bol'\ ciAo~.·c:le. e'4'pAt\ds fro","" D.. ~"lOVol"" ;tll.ih-...l ~+#o t e,
    +0 0..
    ~"''''''' p-·\u~v.r~. T~ ~UI.U'~ _ voLuW\~ rel",,!t'Ol-1 it sp.u.i (;'e d,
    For T~~tUJ de-l-e,.~·tte ..,..k( "",",orr.

    ,----.,
    , I

    ,I 0>2..
    _ _ _ ...J
    ,
    I

    ~
    I

    p~\1"1. - f. \Ii
    (-0,3)

    ~ ""M ve lu jI\;\ <: ~ ~ \,) I r-e d . 1J1I,:tk


    I/V!I
    ~ (~) .(O.foS'ft 3) :: 1.<29 .ftl
    .
    :Tl'\s.('-h·~, V" (u~SI l' '-'- ~ o .... 1C. t.o

    w(,u.lbF)
    CD
    c.ol\"e(~~ -to 8!l.A..

    W ~ ({g ~~ 6*- l bf ) 111~6:'-'bf[


    WC8#-u.)
    = g.lb '8~
    I. '1'... ~k.is C-1.f q J t~ wo,.1t::. .is -Ilt.e 4re4. u~d"... tke Pt\-O~'l!
    li~ot -l}OIN\ .sta%.L l +0 ~+a+~ 'Z.- 0,,", +"'"'-p-V~o..~rQ\VI'J. AIS(JllIW+~TW
    -Il\e w..orl::: is pos'-+iY(' J de "loh'l'\j e \l\.e t',y -tr-A.~J'fe.- Trcf\-1..\ ~ lj 4lt! •
    PR'OBLEM 2.2.0{

    KN()WN.~ A 9o..s.e}(?o..~d.s -froM o, kV\owV\ "V\\t\~l state. ok> CAl<:.V'.oWf\ .f.\~,d


    'PY"-BSSU,f-e, T~e fY'-eSSUV'.e - Vo\..u.Me re \a..tLo\l\ -fo(' tke ~Yoce~ 'IS Spedf ie~.

    f\ND.: Sketc\t\ the ~\"oc.ess OV\ '" 1>~\1 c1~j("Cl.W\ o.lJ\~ ~ete(m\\\€ the WDvk..
    S(\!EMA-TIC $ C=r\VEtJ ])A-TA: r
    ~ =..50D JcPQ. &
    I

    Vi :: D. / m 3 GA5 ---+
    f V :: (.01151-.
    foz. =. lao kP~
    AS:>VMPTIQN~~ (.,) The ga..s is a. closet:-< s~bfem. (2J The e}(pcu1!iol1 lS
    po) ':J wp (c.

    ANAI.:"'S'~; The pr~ssuYe - volLC.rne ye"la. h'C1-\. fo(' +-ke pY"oc~ss l'.s
    . PV = c. 0 l'\.S t, '=t> f '=- U>,,"st.
    lhu..s J ""ke p-V tLt~ra.Y\fl is: SD I

    Vz.
    vJ:f p~V
    V,

    /00

    o .2. .3 .I.f .5
    V - Yl-1 3
    +0
    f"-l->d·.1 te
    (.(e nVlI ",e ike wo rk .> swbs+itv..te. +-t,e. p- V ve (a.flOY\ jV\ft,
    2~. ~ ./7 0. \1\.& in.f-eq ra..-Ie .

    W ::. JV4r0\ V :: JV-z. 0:0~t.)o. V = F: V, .Q11 ~


    V, ~ I

    ::. (SOD kPA)(O.1 m'J) ~(!2.:£)IJ0,3NITV\211 Ilc.:f


    \..: 0.1 ,kP""" lO'tJ'M

    Q) =t8D. 'I, k:.J"414~ --:"':"_

    I. The ioa r lc is rOfdt,ve fl>r-l-he. eKpAt1SIo""-Jt\S€lCpec+ed..


    PROBLEM 2,30·

    .KNOWN: AIr- u,V\&'ergoe.s (L fol'j-lroP"" l'roce~~ bt.MteVl fwo specl+I'ed ~-b,


    FIND: "De-1e((hit1e #Ie work,
    SCHEMA-TLL g GIVEJJ DMA :
    ,. '---.... .Y.l.::: O.J. Ibmof
    "\ AIr{ ~ F; = 'U)
    , ."f
    I i~~ tr, = u. so #3/Ib
    ~ J' r:» ~O Ibf/l''1~ U"z.:3.Q8.ff3/{1,
    \.
    . . - ,. r vJt\
    I 2-
    =: c.onsfa.." +
    ASSWMPTL0AJ5 ~ C,) The. a.~r is a. closed cS<jsJ·em, (J.) T~e Sttsre,m t,(,n~oes a..
    1'01<;1 -/rep tc q>roces!.,
    ~~', From fhe pr~$su,re-voLu.rne re-lce.fLoYl -fo.r "'- ,ol~ffr0'P;G frocess
    F: v, M = g,vi' ;::> f.1J', IJt ::. pz.'U'2 th

    VV\ :. (0.2. \\0 mo\)<,,'2..S.'\'1 \bl \\>MO\) ::. S.l'll.{ \\0

    w =. (S.1qt.( Ib)
    r(gO 'l?fhil\~ )(3,(U; t¥l\b)-(20)(U .so)]
    t (\ - l.~07) ]
    \4'L
    \ H'Z
    \",211
    '
    ~
    118.f+.JDt
    I

    z- 31
    Pt<OP.JL6M. 2.31
    KNDWN: WaVM a.Vr- ceels slovJl~ l~ '" p'I~+O~ -c'J1iV\&er a.,S'e.W\H~ .from (1 "now",
    i"\+i~l Vow.~~ 4-0 A. )Z.MW\,\ .f.\"'A( VOtu.M~. 'DU.Y\~9 fue process) (k
    SpY1V\~ e~ev-ts a.. fc't"(.e. 0\1\ ~ fls+on ~t va.V'i~ L\\I\ear(~ from ~
    {l. V\.Ow ~ t~ititA/ "(l
    tLA~ ~ a +-c.1A tJ vtA-we t;;f 2.eY"D.
    ElliQ: Dete.V'M\lAe. -ike. i\l\i;'i~( a~tA .ft"'o.(P'fcssuves o(.+l.te a.~r) C\.~ft,.e WOyL:..

    ~clr\-EMM'\L aC:swe.tJ "DA'rA: A =0.018 m2

    V,:. 0.003 )'Y\3


    = 100 kPa
    v; =D.OOZ. M
    1 Palm
    'ill!'

    1.I-~MM1L41!i!!lIi!I.•.II.·•Will
    !Il~!
    Spring force varies linearly from 900 N when
    = =
    VI 0.003 rrr' to zero when VJ. 0.002","3

    pA ~- p4A-~A
    ~$P"'~~

    r. The. n~~().·?Lve s i1~ d(1~ f'hcd ~~ f,'STotl\ ase« wor4:. ern., ~ aW (J.6 +k4!. air
    cools, f'rl$D J -lUQ. Ct-Hk05p~ere ~ ~ spr,~ do work b1A.. #u1pfstt:m.,
    2-32
    PRDBLEM 1.. 36-

    KNOWN: Air u.V\ae~oeS -!t,uo pro~sses Jitt series.

    FIND: .SkeJch 1+ae. P[oc:esse.S on a.. p-v dL~(,tA.~ o.VLtl de4erJ1'\';'e +l1e. LVOrk.
    per uwit MA~S o.f a... r.
    &-WEMMK- MID '" vEIJ Mm:
    I PR.ocESS J- 2: rv I. '3=umst.
    I F : : . I~ "-Pet) V; ::.D.O'l rn 3/ ~
    : AIR. ~ 'lfz = $.D).. r\13/~
    L_- _ PROc.E..<i.S 2.-~ : p = const. J =
    V"'3 'Uj'

    A~~U#l\enON5 '. il) The a.~Y' is a closed sCC/stet'h,(Z) 80fttt prore»ses ar-e ~w<si­
    .e~u.,i' ib rl u..Mrroce~ses.
    --tr. )/.3
    M/Ai,'/SlS: for proce~s 1-2> P"4 -::. F: ( -'_ = 2'110. 23 k.P~. -rhus, the. rv:
    d/~rt:un is '1J%

    Q;
    < 3 1 "";;;; . ._ ~_ _ 3
    .:::J.
    I 200
    0-
    100
    I\
    .O, .01.. #O~ .eq
    1.)""- m 1/ kj
    The u.x>rk. -for eC\dA Pfocess is deteY'm\V\ed. u.s lV\~ E~. 2.1'1
    W =Spav:. "'" S rd.u ~> ~ ::. {f~\J
    W 'O"'Z.
    ~ ~ ~ co\'\.St do V' = I',. 'U"~ - f. V; )
    W\

    ::.\
    t
    "\1', ~\.3

    Q-
    \:'

    t2,,\Io:Z:~ \c.Pa.)(.O.D2'M"¥ '''1) -


    \''3)
    1-1.3

    (100 )(D.04) 11 ,o~ N'lll"2.11


    ] \ )c.PC4.
    .

    \ 1c:.J"
    \03tJ·~
    I
    = -3.08'2. lC:S/K<j
    WZ,3 r 11"3 tl
    ~ =J\J"~ 1 ".. = 'P~ Ltis -U"oz.)

    -: ~4b.'2.'3 ~p~)(o.e4-o.o2) ~ '\ 'M>I\031


    \O~

    =-+t1.q 2Lf~ k'J/t:j


    W'Ml 3 :. ~
    'W\
    +- W-z.3
    yY\
    _
    -
    +I 8 .."
    U 2 /- k:r
    10 _""i!!!<:..------------~
    W,a{'m
    te.,j
    t. The. Ye,Cb~\''t \s lo~\t~e)J.e\'\oh~5 +W +IAR. ~et_e~.e'l~ .ffu~sfer
    blj work. 'L-S froM -rtce, '5<;1s-l-eW\ +0 ~e. su,~rou.\o'\cL "~s.
    2-33
    PRoeLEM Z. 33

    .k~OWN~ A~a,s u,~de(~oes .three pf'Ousse:s fha.+ comrlet<. o, c~de.

    ~ Sketc,'" +he. pt"ocesses on ~ 'f-V ~k1.~rtA.M (A.~ de-te<,\tu"ne it,..e )1e.t~.


    Sc U-EMA-r LC i (;,,1 VEJ.J 1>A-rA:
    PRoc.es S '-2.: cO""f r"es:> ion w;+h pV .:: COltst.
    - --I
    . R:' '0 1"'I- J illt"., v: s: 4.0 ff3
    1
    I ( To pz. =-50 Ihl-liv'2.
    1 G-AS I ~.4; PROc.E<i.51.-3: consranr voJu.me fD fB=P,
    1 I
    I fRDcas 3-(: e.oYls/-avtr fre-ssuye

    A~SLJMeTIQN.s" (11 The fja..s is a.. dosed s:Jskm .(2) Procesfes i-: a.n4
    3-1 are ~ua..si- e~c..c.Ll ih r£u.,)'k processes.
    ANIWl£tf,: For proce~s 1-2,., Vz. =(p,IPz.) V, : o.Bf+~ ThuSJ+~e p-V
    ol ,''tj rtt.m is 2..
    .so

    10

    I Z .3 q
    V - ff3
    The. work. for process 1-2 ~S ete-\efM\~eAU.~l~~ E~. .2.1'1

    'N11. ~ S"""ptlV::. JVt. UJ~t. J.V


    V
    I ~
    = (~\I, ) ~ (~)
    ,

    " (10 Ibf/'''2.)( '1.0 W) k (~~) II~'/~:?I -'~B~ lbi I


    = -11.Gt2 eMu.
    For precess 2 - 3 J W~ 3 =- O. Fl '" (;(. tLCj I for frDcess 3-'
    V
    W3 1 = Jr v3
    '
    rd V ::::. ~ (V,-V 3) =. P, (\', -Vz.)

    =. (/0 lb+/"lI\:z.)(J.f-D_13)#31 ~~~I = 5.'12:3 akA.

    CD 1k~ w~ ~ \Nu . +- W'2.3t- ""3' =. - tl.'ll+D+ 5:=t23 :-5.q116~ 1( w~


    r. Th~ he9~;'e. s~'" lAeV\Ofe_s ~cd- +WL ~ e,\I\efldCj -lm~$fer ~
    WOy\(. t-O~ +itt ~ i{e is mio t~e. s~~kVV\.
    PROBLEV\ 2.34
    "f\.:»O&.O~: A :;".1 (of'l~,·..,ed. e.u,'t"""jI\ 0.. PI·s+Oll\-c~II':'cle..- a,sH ..... J,::J
    0. -\o"'~r'-od'3"""''''''''·('' c...,c.c~ c.o",u,'sf"/;'\, of "'''''''ee. proc.eu-~.t.
    J:'/t-J\): 'De h·.. ""'4'", ( ~ l..Uo,...C" -for ~A(" p........,c.e-,sS Q",c::l -th~ I'\e-t wo..-ec::,
    .for flo.t 'ycLe.
    t, Ht t'YlATt Co e& G-t vtN "J) 1'\ 7J't,'

    fio ... PrOble"" /·35: p~ ...S'DAr.. "'2.,.:'


    z._3 O.

    Z...----t-4_--_ 3

    VC"",I)
    ASS'uMPTfOf-)S: I· ThA 'AS is "t~ ~tof~J
    tM 011"1 (.U o,..k, ~cle..

    Us" 11" 6,_ '). 17


    'V,. [VL.
    Pro~scl-1" W f p~V: '=. s, clV' ~ c. k v.... ':. 'PI V; ~ Vi
    I~ Vi v: V vr V(

    = [ll . . ,) llO::~' IU ..' lJ J...l ~::] \,:::.. l


    __f - ...lW~I~

    CD = -I.t>.q '"J "


    Vi
    Proc.ss 2.-3 : w:::
    II
    5 P c:I V ':: P. LVi -'J;, ]
    Z.
    "r7.

    = a; lbor)\ ID~:~'lll ~ -e.z, ...~ \


    VI
    Pr.~$S 1-1 '. W~l ~ S p ~ V=-O
    V3

    \N\'\ct:.. 'N\'l. + VVt.l + .W., I


    :: -".0.'\ + 400 -+ 0 - 21Q.1 ~.,J

    I. Tbe ~t\"'$ .,j~.-"u e",e r:,y -tv-A,6'tf-..- ~ +~ 4J~.s a~ i]: c4


    co ..... r-us t.f'd .
    2. The Vo.\\oC.e of wo.... K. de ~e""cls 01'\ t"-a. c:h+~i(S of +~ ".......,c.ess
    b< ~~~"'" ~ ~+-.iet ~"",cl. 'c.
    ""-0-+ u~.f.e.r'"""""...:ca.l ~ ~., ~ e..w s+o.f.vs.
    "IY\ -\-\v\s C~ltl.o-.< ......u- wo ...lc. -f'oi"" +~ ove r ,..,u, C'1c.1e- I'S p-osi-h've...
    5; C.~+r~t" J -f"el"~ ~ ""-0 "'e+ c.~,c.. ~ +IAJ p.rop4er/'eJ p Q.~c::l V-
    for +~ o~q.,..I.J c'{ct~. Pr O'~f+' IIAhc~r «r« c:l~H"~'''''ed """\y ,~~
    e",c:l sf~""t'S. V-'o,."" ~ I;l.OT 0... ~p-8-t'~) 4f11ld '"I. W's::/:o.

    2-35
    tc.~O~IV~ AV\ obje-c+ of ~"'-OUI'" lMo4S"" is At-f,..ch.acl -to (l /lApe. c..uoui'\d
    o.ro14""d A Pll..llf>/ Qotc:L -F"lIs Q.T Cot;\,s-ta",,;. sp4>ed.

    F(~H)~ De.,..,........... - e, 1'- iY"J-\r~c:l


    f0'-Ue..... ~ t"-- PIAI/t>-.J o."d
    -+''It (ot,.tlO",....e ~f>4'~d of 'i"'-- Pl.\ll t y.
    ~CH1:t'\ItATIC J.."'Je:N DATA:

    R =3 in.

    \["".3 #/S
    F=mg

    +v =3 ftls
    m=501b

    ASSUMPTlo,\)t: /. T~ objecT f,..tls ,,+ COV\~tt).ll.t Sp,.~d, Z. ~,ut-eI-et"A.P·(/lA of

    "I"OV'~1 .;, CO .... ~{,..l\.t) d: Sl.o ft IE~.


    Af\)A l..'(SI r~ T~ p0c"u.e.r +r14.~~tft:d it> 1I-..J. PlA'II~1 C~ ~ cit ~"'1.A",:i'te.d
    \AS1l'\'l 6,. '2. /3

    W= F· \f"'= M1 'V
    : <So Ib )( sz, o£t..)( 3
    S'-
    it) II32.llb.flla.ftlf-I\
    S

    = (14tf. l t-t. \bf ) \ -l ~ \


    s S'St)~t'I"i /s
    .
    = o. ')..":(- k r .. W
    ~!t---------:...:

    1 .f t Is \ I Rev 11
    l3/12.)fi !l1t rio.
    ~ ~w

    = "S- RPNl
    P"OP.>LEM Z.3b

    lSNOW N_: The. rO+lJ.tlot\o.l spe~~ aV\& cllaW'eJer of a. drJve s~f.I (Pql/~
    art? lGnowrt. Tl1e 11e+ force Ofpll.ecl b~ #le. IoeLt Or} tkJ2. @Lt£l~ is ofso Bivevt.
    Elr:m..: '])e·h~Y"M'~<Z +J"e "'-fplled 1t>rt(ue and -tl-te. p"wev .fro.~SMtHeJ..
    SC,£4-6MATlC t 6fVEN DA-TA:
    -">1 r- R=1)/2
    ]) = O.3M
    (+) ·300 RPM

    ~Ff = ~ - F. = )..Doo N
    !
    F2"
    6eH fe.VlSLOJ\
    fo ...ces
    fz. >~
    ( net fo,nge.,titd force. due
    -to beJ+ +~1Il,5IC>l")

    &tJA1YSl~.: The -to~.AI.e.·~ calc.u.la.+eJ (,(.Sl"'g -I-ke +aW1Q.~tla.( 1<'vce a.~


    fke. rl.\d Ius tl.-+ w ""~c.k ~t a.cts
    j :: li· R
    ::. (2.000 N ) ( o.:.t )\'\) ': . 3<00 tJ· rY\ ~<~ ~c1:::- ~
    ~s 1 W l+~ e\ 2.20 +ke. ~OlUer tro.lI\S~':tteA is
    .
    W s\1Q.H ::. j . W

    -
    '(~" (zrc r.ev
    _(:'OON'M)(300~) t"ill\ll t' -:r
    I )!l(,os N'(\I\,
    I
    1110"~J.s
    kW

    ::. (t42 kW-c W

    ).-],7
    "'r-)CDW~: Opef'a..-h"'-.1 ei.4+c... arc pro\)l'd~d fc r Al"l ~ I~C"IYI'"c.. l"A-CToV"" «1'
    S-.e..4,/ s+A.f e .
    FIND: Dc4c,..""""n. 1/A..1l e lecIY,'c.. pow~r re41.11ud b:J ike V\;'\..O+oY"" ca,,"
    ..,.",.. pOIP...... d~velo~ .. u b'J -/'-. eJC4.t-ptA.:-f .s~ . 1)e4-e""""""'l1ot t- "-c....
    l'\c+ P()W~r' l)I'\f~+ ibi"~ ~tor. Also) t::J~.,.,.",,-.- -tt-t o.. ........ u .....1\
    of e",ey,~ ;.rA"'SW bi e.l~c""",l'(.~ ~o"'k a.""d (,j f"-c s~ c!cn-.'''',
    '2 -h.. of Op&rel.n.'M

    Scff'f'""A-TI(' ~ ~/VEN b..,7;q:

    rr - - - - - --I
    4- I
    w..em....
    I :r= /0.2. N.tt\

    -
    ---+I I
    /000 RPt\'\
    I ___ • _I

    ASSUM P"TIO~S I· A.t S ..... 0.0'" 1'0'\ of"u Sc:."o ........ il~1 -t"'~ Vko-#or i s: -t"'t c..{o~c:l :sys-/e ......
    '2, TN f'( ,-Ie."", I s 4 t Sic-.dy srl\.fe.
    4t-JAl-'1SIS: (6.0) U.SI~' q' Z.2..{

    = - (, \/ol-w.a-e) (c"-,re",,t)
    = _ (11011011')(10 ..... P") I\~::'·"''f.1 =- II 00

    .= -1.1 t<-'N

    •
    Ws~ :: C:J9rf tJe'f.a ""u.IAr' votLoe4~)
    ':: (10,2. ~'M)( LooO ::~ 1%.:::/1 ~~",/) I (~~:'~-I~) .
    I,OT te:W -e~~ --=..:W~Sh(O.c:+

    (0) Wne+ ~ Welc>cIr\(. + Wsk.tf1 ,


    ca Wkd
    @ ~ (_1.1 \'w) + (f. 0 1- kW) =- o.o~~VJ

    t<:) -r'"~ .,rA -h. "'" -to ~f\d e",er,y tr'a.~ a.IN'C1CJ.vb

    ~"" ....
    We \ech'f c ::; SWelec.d:k = C:-I.l I'v.i)( 2h) = -'2.2. kW,h Weledric
    0
    2.'" C!. ,ol~W )(1."" = 2,14 \:.\)J. ~ ... WskiA.f+
    Ws~ ': ) Ws",,*~ '::

    I. Ihe ~l'\MS Si,5h ;.s nud~ CIl O(ti:Au.loC e .... ,..'y ts +r4Msl-trl"td to -tN..
    ~+o( e lec:tv.'c.. \ Iy.
    2. Tk.:s VA~ M~.",,-il -t"""- por-n'of1\ #If -t ... eletrr,'c, p()c.u~r 1'~ptA:t -t'-:t- ~
    loUt olo~·K.cl -..0 A s~ poe.u-er'" o~p~ b~ ~Colt~ .fl~c..'" /.A.Ii~'", +'£.-t. 1
    ~~..... C\)C.h, &00 e ledv,'e.-.t I\U:S'lt.M(~ 1(14.. -ft-,~h·o",.
    PROBLeM 2.38
    lstJOWN: At'} ele.c..-I-YiG ~-lorGl'je. ba:tte.r~ i~ clAtt~ed. wi+k a. C07tS1au.i CUVfleM..f .for
    A. k:.~ow n te Y\ ~ +11\ cf +I&Nle. .
    flNP: 1)e..-k,'(M\·~e. +he. Cost '*e.lec.:fyi(.i~ 'k> ~r1e. tke. b~..lter~.
    5CH-eMATlC. i u-\"{;.~ 'DMA:
    ! \2. vol+
    --r
    p----

    l-- -- -
    I I : z . tA.mp
    I ba.tf-ev"!i J At =. 2tl h
    : I elec+ric-l~ c.os+ =to.08/kw,~
    I I
    --------
    A55UMPTlO!V: The. vol~~ ~Y\£l CLtrre~+ are CC1tS~l.tt.
    fMJA·L'iSI$: 1he. electr'\.(. fOwe-v ~ olo~l"ed u..s,,,,,~ ~. ::2.:2.1
    IW\~ t i
    S.iAce +ktL v6t~.( aa,u( CLWfle..... f a.ye ~sl4l.(.-t) -rke d'€c.h-\c~~ use.el ,'lA 2'-1 h )~
    Iwl: J.~,,(t
    t.
    ~lwIM; ~i.At 2

    : (;1.0."'1' )( I~ v,H) III "'~:~Cl"'tl( 2 I


    ~ h) :J~o.ttl
    ::. O,51fe, ,,\N·h
    The cost is
    elec.+ri.(. ~
    Ct9s-r :: (O.51/;; k.w· ~ ) (:It o.os Ilc.w· "" ) =~ .DS ........ e.ost
    ~

    P ROt?>LEtv1 z.;'\
    The studeu:/-$ w', £1 weea fo esftma:le t"'e. +Cjprc4.( 1'0W4,~ fCrea.di of'
    -f11e devices, Th~ also will Vleed fo €shf.c..t(.(;fe 1A6w JOhtL fk~ eaalc
    e:l..eVl.ce ;11\ +k4t ceu-se of CL lMOVl-lit. The de~ils qve Ie."ft fCJ ~e..
    reGtde-V".
    PRO 6LE ~ Z. *0
    K~bWt-.): A sol\tf. Ujli\.\t!V"\Go..l bClV" 'LoS S\oW\~ sh-etc.heJ.. T~ \V\\t~~\ (A"M
    f\V\~\ \e.V\~~ o..'t\c(. ~(. ~m~ Ct(.,+\~".:t the.fl.V\tA. ct ~e ~r
    ax e lLV\.OW v\..
    r\Nt> t, "Dekrm\"'c.. ~e. WO'l'\:. &.oV\e OV\ t\\e.. b4,Y'".
    5Cl+EMJar'T\(' t Gc-\\lEt\l DA-TA:" ~
    ~$5'"
    cr- C (X-')(,)/X l
    Ar-..L....:--...&..-.....,......
    F :: e: A. Co :. 2. X L0'1 Ie: Po...

    x~::. LO Cow.
    IrIf
    ~z. - 10,1 (, W\ A- TC_d~
    ..

    A5~UMPnQtJ5; (I) T~e. b~v is 0... c.le>E~~ ~'d3~W\, (2) The. mov\'V\~ 'o0\.l.V\c.lQ.i'\:j i~
    ~~ t:>V\\~ wo~\c. ~ocke.. ('3) Th~ \<.Y\0~Y\.'o\9'("tv\a.\ sh"ess Cc.c:k a:t t\\i e.V\Gl ot- fu Ioa.r:
    (Lil The. clAQ.~e. i"" etreOl. A is V\e~le.cte4,
    }\:NAL.,{5l~ ~ The. Wo"'~ (ioV\~ 'L~ ev\\I~'" b'j ~. 2,\8

    W :. - .j
    ~ z. x~

    )C,
    (J A J..x ~ - Ufo<-
    x,
    X, ) 0. ')(
    Xl

    :& - c.} (~'Z._ ~IX.) f Xl. ~x


    \ ~ ~,

    -
    - -
    Co 1\ D.%. [IX'Z. 'X 'Z.
    4 x, \: :z. -z. I ) - XI ( X '1- x I)
    1
    tVowjwit'" c.::: Z.XlO' k.Pa..) d -:: 5'mW\ ':: o.ooS"M \ x,=\OC.'M.'::Otl'V\\) o..~
    )(~=O,lO'~

    \.r..
    w - -
    (2.Xlt>1~y~)TC (SXl0 3 Yr\) z" ~(o.\()\2._
    \.
    0.,7.)"",'2.
    n' - "
    ' 0 )(
    .\
    )
    .10l-0' m
    ~]
    4 (0.\ -m) J \ \c.p... 1 2.. •
    l01 Nl~"2.

    :.-J.~' 3 N. VY\ -:-1.1 b 3 :r4!S \,J

    .2-4-0
    PROI3uE.M 2.lff
    KNOWN: A wire suspe.Ylc1ut ver+iciAlfl1 is s-frekltted b~ llV\ Ccffl ie.J force .
    FIN]): De-\-ermi",e. (0\.) +he. work. &.oV\~) ~ (10) +l-\e. You-Y\tj IS W\o&,ula.ts.
    sc ,*E.l'-\ A-, . t C. tt
    &\ V e '" DA=rA:
    11111/

    .,~.'Z"
    ~ A: 0.1

    A~~UMPT\ONS ~ (l) The. wife is c, do.se.J.


    5~SteM. (2.) ine. mov\V\9 \:>o\J..Y\dal''j i~
    t\\e. OV\\'j LOO"'~ mod~. ,0) The o..pph·ec.(
    1o\(C.<:. va.V'\~S ll""e.ClY"lM W\t~ x. <'4) Th~C.M~~
    _ XI: \ 0 * l u.W\ s~te. h~c4)
    i... ctre6- A- cs \1\ ~ { e d·-ed.. - - X;z. ~ 10.0\ t-+
    A-NAL.'1SlS ~ ~)The. o..p~\\ect
    'X o.cco '("~.; \4, Cj to
    .fon.e: va-Y"\e.s W\~ ~ F va.Y"\-e~ \\ofh-oV't'\
    2.500
    0;'0

    F :'l.2.S00\\c,~)(x_ 10ft) = Z.S')(£OS X-Z.SXlOlc>


    0.0\ ft
    Wh€. V"~ X \S \V\ +t o..'V\~ r ;~ \V\ \~-t.
    ThuS') a,~pl':f'~'i e,. ;>..12 +0 ev~LLt(.tJe. +lte. WO'rk. of ~ +ovce. F
    Xz.
    W:-5FtiX
    '1\.,
    10.01 -H-
    =- J 10 f+
    (Z,S Xl0 5 X -:Z,S)C10 b ) 0\)<

    =_r,Sf(OS(IO.OI'Z.-tO&)- 2..SXIO b (10,01- lO)J

    =. -} ~. s H·, ~foC!ioC!i-- -- _

    (bl From Pt"olol<.m Z.l.\o) & '{c9t..t~'.s 'M,06,.u.lu..s C. C(.c...(A, l,.e. e.l'ror-eSSeJ OA

    e = o: (x:~:J
    w\<ter.e (j.: tel A is ~e V\o'(Y"\&(.1 ,}y-~,s I ~ "'-l! X o l~ fke. l,tLotshe+c1le1 I€ lA..,th .
    ilA.us
    c :: *()<~:o J
    _ (2 SOO \10+) Uo.(of)
    - (0.1 i,,~) (io.et "'(0) U
    YOfJ.Wj~
    :. 1. S X c0'" l bf I"~2. C!
    WI Dau.lus
    KNOWN: A w,ofe of c..oll5~£C-T c~ss-sec+-ioM1 af"eo.. a.~c1 ~9~eA-t ini'fLaJ
    lelt,.rfA is Sfre+cf!.ed. ~ sfre7S - sfrt'A.ilA relatio~ is k-t1.t>J)n,

    FINO: Dertve alA. exq)(~ssion for ftte worlc. dcne 01\ -ft.e. wi-"'e AS ~ .(cute-fUm
    of S-rro..il-i,
    5Cfd-eM&TLC. ; l#LVEAJ OA-TA :
    A - a,reo..
    <J - "or ~\ t>-\-re>s
    f~------
    ----x----~

    - -
    - - - - '1-10
    __~~~~l
    --1
    €. = x-xo (stro..\lA)
    )(0
    A?$VMeTLON~:CI) The wl°.,.e 'IS o: closed S~S+eflil. (2) .5~s aKd s-J.ra..£~(A. ,.(t'~
    ('eJaked li~ear~ .(3) Tke CYC"s -sec.fLoY\a.1 a.KE~ r4tr1a,UI1s am,s1d.t,t:l:.
    ~NA-L~~IS.: The U)O,..~)( done Ot\. tke wit-€. 'lS fJ \0l)etI\ b!J Fl ,2, /8
    W ;: - J <J A dx
    xl>
    From #t~ ~t'veY\ 15tr~S"'S}ro.lVl ".ela.twlIL

    0- : C E =: e ( x~=o)
    ....." wheY'~ ~ is a. CCn-StalA.t. (YO(A."'q!s MOetu. Jus).. FrOM +t1:tS el(pr-ess~~
    de.:; tAx ~ et)( =- X o de
    Xo
    Suhsfituf'''''g J"'-Io tke l.OOrte. ~presst~lI\
    W :. - J
    o
    E
    ( c e.) A (x." d e.) ~ - Co A J<o i~
    ~
    E
    d~

    FcitaUj e AXe. E. z,
    W=.--~-
    :z.. ..cE4:---------------=-.y;...;...;;..;.,,;;..;;.;;--
    K.NOW #.J ~ A sOCc.V f.\\ M OV\ c, ~;\("~ fro,.'M(2 is
    E\Nb " 'De~rm\V\e.. t"'cz. wor\.:. doV\e. ,

    St~A-'r\c. ~ u-l v Eo..., DA-rA: --...l


    j__ S'-M ~--

    ASSUMPl'lONS <,,11 ~ T~e.


    .til'M \S c\oscJ.
    5~S+e.M, (z.) Th<z. "MOV\\I'\&j \oou-V\cA.a.r"j is
    ~ • f
    -\::5'1
    //;/. /. ~
    II II, '
    t~ oV\t~ wo~"- tAo6.e.. (~) The. s~r-kc.e .I.. ....
    '--

    +e~~tO'" \~ (OV\.~-\u~t ,o..ch"'~ 0\'\ 'o~ -l-x -...r 1'- I C.M


    ~\cke.~ o~ ~e' .c.\\~.
    A-NAL.'i StS '. T~(.. wo~~ \5 Je.-\-e,'fm \V.eA \U\'Y\j e.~. 2, \ ~
    t .\1. r )tz.
    W -.:. - J ~ tJ..A. : - J 'to '2..0. ~x.
    A, KI

    For- c..o'f\.shl\.'--l Su.rfo..e.e. tt.~S\o~


    \N Z 1..J. 6'><.
    -=. -

    =_(l..S'XlC-S~)A('SC.~)(Jc.~)ll'it\
    lo':a.C~
    II' I"J'
    I W-l'\'\
    I
    J"""'li~t----------------_--'::"-
    S
    = - 2.,5 XlC-

    I. rl-te. Vle9ai-L\;e si~Vl d~V\ ofes work. dOYle DVl -tIMl fUm. Note -H...L s~lI
    m(i.j Vlifude of t/A.f. work. r.f.zwra! -to s-lre,fc.lt. t/"'e ~Im.

    PRO{;lfM Z."l4
    K.NOWAJ ~ A 1l,\A.\~
    +'\\'M oV\a... w\re ~VV\e ',oS
    FltJ'l;> ~ J)e+e.Y"'M\~e. t\\e. wov\<. do~e..

    5C.~H:.~~T\C. g. C-rl ve.~ 'DA-TA:


    ~"'V\.~, ,
    A5S\JMPTlONS :(\) Tk Hl~ is 0.... -I· /;1
    / I
    ~
    c::: z.sXICSIf I~f
    c l ose.",
    I
    S~STeW\, (z.) "-ne..
    I . '
    'VV\OV\~ '
    / /
    I r 1V\.
    bou'\A.M.f'j i.t #.e. OY\~ \,}..)o~k.. W\od.~. l::. z. \~. / / / I
    ('3) The.. ~u.V'~c.e ~'t\f.l()'t\. \~ c.o~+o.~t 1 .
    o.d·C~'1 OV\ bot'A 3\.O.e.\ C>~ ~~ ~\l~). -l~X -"1 ~ I I~.
    AtJA-L'{S\~ " I~~ V-:>Oy\c. Is clc~;\-uW\\V\~ \,\..t.i"'1 E,. 'l.t'
    W :::. - SilL 'C etA ~ - S~ 1.~ 2. Po 0. X
    A, ~,

    For c..o\'\S~ ~u.r-H.c~ t-(,.\\.S\O~


    W : - '"t Z. ~ AX
    e, - ( 1.. S X lC> -'f ~) 2. ( Z. \~.) (
    \~,
    1 lr\.) I· \ ~
    \'2. \\'\.
    I

    CD ':. - ~~
    B.'33 )( l6 S H· 'hf .... ~

    r. The. rle~~'hv~ S (tj k de,lf1,ofes w(9rk dcme tnt Tie fOJNt. tJt>fe -Ike SWlQ,U
    M~~,~de offlvz. wovft. re.bLtlV"ed 10 sfre+~ +l-1e film.
    KNOWN: A Commol1 ba.loon "5 be,VJ~ ,'V\Ha:fed.

    FeN!}'. Est.m ad e: fke. wo,.k. re1(,(..(,~ed.

    SCHeMATiC t CrlllGN VA-TA:

    A~'5VMPnONS: (" The s~s.J.etV) (f)~.si:S-fs


    of fht2 fJ.ir "11 ~e. ~/ loo YI. (A) Th e
    bauo« 11 is spheriCAl. o: The. pressure
    liAside _the ltJallool'\ Vtll1.(es II'i.1eaya/~
    wi+'" fIAt. bolloows ra.dius.
    IrNMHSIS: With +J..e. <Above. OSSlA.Yl1ffIOI1S~ fhe work. ~11 b~ e&-Hma-fed
    tt£,,,,~ ~. 61./7 j W:: pdV. f
    If-Hte pressu ...e. is O-SSfA.rntd V(l.-yy /,';"etv'(1 wi-U.. ro..ctuts-, -Ute-V( +~e.
    pres>u~ wlt.ell\ R:: 0 i~ a.mfJs.ph e ric.) o: tv-{
    p = e R + Pa.f»,
    where c is ~ CO"n,ftu,d;. Fu.vt'te r J ft,r 0-. 5f'~eV'c.

    V= t Tt ~3
    ~ ~ ().V : Jtn R~J~
    R
    W= J cc R +
    R,=o
    PetfM) \ 4tr:R'1..dR
    '

    ::. If T\ [ettR II- 1" 'P~ ~~J

    <D =
    qrrR~
    .3
    [3c' R· ]
    --c:f "P~ <: -t
    w.,,..k
    el'prl'ss(~
    ---:--------------
    1. JJr ~oYe ctLfa.-ilul CtlM-llj ~ (!
    Gou.ld h.e ci.cn'\e. +0 l"Moo rpo r-a:f"e 0...
    more ~r().fe. ~s-s+m,,,,, ,r.ela.fi.tn-\ -f6.r t4e balloort rvla,:!e"';Q4 ~ +0
    Aecou.ld:. rnor".e. ",e.U(.rtd'e':J for 8Lt>rrte~.
    ~owN: 1) ..~c... I:l\.f e, prOVI' ... cl fo"'" 0-.~ II A+ S-je...J 't .s+1),.1e.
    COlf\crek W '
    E.i!::!S>: D~ ~t""""""~ +~ ie-p.e.'-Il.-h,..l't ~*".e"'e.t. G(CI"DJ'~ +k.t UJ411.

    S'CJ.l-~MA-1'\c. (Oll/et-J l)f'\TA:

    -+{ O.lO \\tr- C.OIf\C ~c.-\c. ," Q,(l


    te*p"(l&A.fe 1/6.( .... -\\ Ol'\

    ~~__:w. <i X -:: O.J5': KW


    A-= f ~'2-

    ASSIIMPT/OIV~: I. Th.t.. c.... ...ll is A+ ~-ka.dy s+-o..+t. 2. T"'-. +tlM.~H'"A~te Vlul'efl

    \'\I\u.rl'1 +~l/.~" +..... w~lJ. 3. Gt'lC'j'1 +r_s -fsac- ~ h'1 c.o."cL..v c.'h'#\o\ .
    A t,)AL,.'r'$I$: USIV\'; E.,. Z·2tl ~~e+"'-- ~ .. {t- Cl.sSvW\ph'V"1'Z..

    ~
    ~l(:: -I<.A clT
    -d)( )

    w"ate Lo: 0.1..0\1\1\ Cb'U. t'lb-T",,) c... +"-e -h-r~Cl,~r-(> ~--HJW-fll\(e a.Cross+~v ..n.1J.
    \1oMt

    (l;-T;) " - [Q~ ;1


    \.'1 W/~· k fr~ 7.+4 A- ('I

    ~-T ~ A
    :; - [' (l~O W)( 0.'2.0 1M) J
    ~.t{ :'K)( I~~)
    =- ~l,tt K

    2-'15
    f'RO(3l.£M 2. "17

    KNOWIJ: EVle~y b~ {onductlov\ o ccu.vs a.+ Sf~t:f s+tde.


    1rilYlst-ev-
    +~Y"O~}.-\ ~ p\o..Y'e. wAll, The dIMeVl.sioY\S.,t~rMa.1 COV\tJ.uC.+iV/~, tA.nd
    S <Ayfa.ce. ~~V"Ot,+u.re.s ~re. ~pec.l·fiett.
    ~~ J)e+eV'Wl iKe the rak ef eVler9Y fv'6.l'lsfe.y b~ <:cYtd-uchCn\..
    ~CW-€MA-TlC i GtlVcN 'DATA: ,--- -- ....

    A:. 1"0 f+z,


    (j)

    .
    Q,>,

    AX:. bit', : O.5.f+


    1-+)(
    A?5UM PTION~:( I) The UJ(J.lI is a.+ stea.d4 s-/Q,.fe. (zJ The. km~ra.;kJ.ye.
    va.ries lineayfCf -fkrou,h tl-1e. wall. (3) -rhe. ft,eV"MQI oonducfiv',.h.J is LU\;forh\
    ~vu.( heat fy-(U1SteV is b~ urntUtc,rL6x'
    ANAl.,'ISIS: t{sl~j E~. 2.3' +O~+heV' W'lt~ ttf>SU.""p+WVl 2.

    lb x =- 1< A ~
    dx)
    ~ :. To - T~
    ~ AX

    &x" - K A (ToA-;'.)
    \ »se rh'lI\~ VetllA.-e.s
    •
    ax:' - (O.03t 8 Bk.t.
    h.,fi.oF)( '''0 +",2.) \ o.~-10) 4+of
    (~O

    ='101 8ltt/'" - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - & x


    KNOWN: A sur+o.c.e of ~ ~VetA d.(~Mefe.('" e~L+.s +~mcJ radia~ eLf o:
    Lc:Vl.OlPn Y'~e. 0....+ e, 5fect-rt.ec.t -teMf~.JuNe .

    F(N~: De+erm,'V\e. tke e.miss\viht of -I-ke su.r.f~ ltVlJ.. flo+ -f.fAe ra.ie
    of (a~~IItt- et\ltlS5LC1lI\ \IS. SU~ Te~era.+ure.

    5e~EMA-TI( , Gr\vetJ "DA-TA:


    .
    A 55 lJ MPTWtJS : (I ) lit e ste~V\ -
    ae., =- 15 W
    Bolt:aMo.l'\l'\ I~w I>;fP (Ii es. ~j The. 1!, =IOOOK
    emiss;v \~ is co)'\s~(A,+.

    ANAlN$\S~ U$\nj ~. z.S3


    • If
    Ge. -=- eO- Alb
    50\ V\'lt\~ to-r €..
    ...

    -= o.BLf7-. -E<~---------------~

    250

    200

    ,..., 150
    5
    '0...)

    ~
    100
    .~

    50

    o 400 800 1200 1600 2000


    Tl:JI<)
    tv o·hu... -t4- ro.. p" cL ~ rDwfL1 il-\ cie. wi""'" 7h.
    ;1.-'17
    KNOWN: A spnere.. of k,V\.oWY\ .sUoY"to.,(L cd'tZ.tX) +eMpevu-k.c,re o.;v..J et'hl'.sl"i~
    erK~+S -tl.tet'"Wl~ I f(llA.(a,t,~. .I

    fIND: J)e-J.e,rmlne. fke. roi« of +h.er"'tnA( emis,ioli\ .

    .sC.UEMArlC. i Gl,VfN PArA:


    €, =O.b 0-= D.I 'TIlt x/riB
    a~jUI\llPTU)N: Tire. .stetdlll- Slu./h . .f-/- ~ 0/i?'f
    BoltZPlAVlt1 JAW Applies. A~l.;t~+"L
    Tb :: lOoOoF -:. (",<oooR
    ANAtVfJ'$.: UStl.19 E~.;Z .33
    . ~
    O-e, :. e.. ()A T b
    :.(0.(, )(D. \r-rl'(XI0
    9
    hr: R,4)(l.1 #2)( 14<00
    D
    O~) i'
    =5CoO 7 0fu./~ ~< --=:::=.
    'PRoBLEM ~,50

    Jr;;NOU.1AJ: 1),.-\q.. (11'~ p ....ov;deo:l ~r A ";"'1,.+ S'CA.,frtt-e c.oo/~c:J COYlV~CfiVfl'1 b~


    0.. ~o. S.

    FIND', DeJ.e('fINI""-f ~ J'\..a1'lge .f ~~ ~,..A +r4t\~ fo.- ra.k fOr" COol""'5 b'J
    -Fr~~ CQV\ 'Ht. "', w\. 13., ~('t ~ d CO\f\ ve cf, '"", .

    GillS J Tf: aoo 1<


    • ~:: 3s-l> I<
    (Q. Co A ~ 2. ho\ 2-

    122 Z .... r>"2 zC-


    ASSUMPT{O~: I~A.~ h'"A"'Cf.r IH+W.~", +~ :StA."f-.t~ o...... d +"'-a.. 'A./ c.O t.~ ("ot\ Vt C+ I'Q'1;J ,

    AtvAL.YS/S: USI~5 E.1' Z·3+


    QC= h A (lb-Tf)
    :: ~ l'2. \M1..)( '3Sb - ~oc) K
    ~ \.-. ( lOO IM"l· Ie::') C*, )
    \N : t'-' ~A.~ fr "- T~ b Ie 2. I

    2-2.5 0·2., -2,5"

    '2.5' - 25'0 ~.S' - 2S-

    J, .. yq
    P"O(h~EM Z. 5 {

    KN OWN: E Vle~~ .frCUtSW oCCe.t("s h~ CtH1.ctUC. f La-x. -iUroWJk ll. COfl;\ po S i +e.
    ,pJ ((.lo1e wa. ll . COn 5; sf I'll j of +r..oo 1(1.'1 e.r.s. I

    ~: De-ferMI~e. +ke.. .ste~- sf¢k hfllJ,f .f-1(M( tt""~ fhe kA1A,~r~fu.,,.-e


    q,t -Hre tMfe.rfa.ce loe,fw-ee"1 --lite. l~~eY'S .
    .se.HEMA.r'L t CrlvetJ DATA:

    .
    - CQx I ~::. SbOot<
    't :::. A I j v\.:;u la.;f-l 011\.
    brick.. - _ .
    =
    :1<, D.DS 5-1u./~·U·o~
    i(b =-l.\f t>+u./Lt.#.~ I
    . bX, = If ''''' .
    ~Xb~q\i.A· t

    I~)(
    A~~UNlfJ,~ONS: (I J The waU is A cLosed Sy6tetYl 0.-+ sfe.a..cl'1. s +af e .( 1. ) -rhe
    fe""'Pfl'ra.fuve c!e:5fribu,-h'o",s are 1'''''e.a..r;1/I bol4t ltLtjers.(3J. "The. +wo ltl.t1,eY.S"
    ( ore IV\ p-erfe(.,t +he.t"M().( CD11,fo.,e.t.(If) -rlte. ~rmal ufvttLucl-,\1 lTies ef foofh
    ~ ICUjers a.re. U-kltorw\.
    YiNAL,/S,S: From~. 2. :3 /

    qi =. - ;k b 1I)
    """.
    : -;k.. 4!) \~x. (•
    br\c.lc. I ns\C.

    Sl~c.e -tke. +e"'1~raJu.ve a.istri bl.lfl.ol1~ o.~ "HeAr


    q:. :k T,-Tle = :1(_ T-z.-T.J
    ~ b ~X.b I. OXt
    or ~:. T,-I"2, ::. Tz.-T3
    Rb ~~
    w\-.ere. Rb :: ~Y:l<~ o.,~ R~ ::. t::,~il;t<,. froM (:W')

    CD T'2. ::. T\ - 'l R\o


    Com~t~ \~j C~) o..~& (~~)
    . T,-T2
    D~ v

    RJD +-R.i

    ;. ...'50
    PRo(;u:M 2.51 (COll1C 10()
    1iw.s . 12C90 - 5~O
    Q :.
    ~ (0,5351 +~.C9~'1)
    =. q 7. I q fJfu//tt ~
    -Eo":- - - - - - - - i . l t . -

    !JOWl 'VtSerl-l~1 va.lt,tes i", (~3If)


    T2,.: 12(,0 - (~1.''t)(O.S3S7)

    ': 120S Pf< ~4----------------~


    KNOWN: EV\E¥'1'1 h-(l.V\s~r occu.rs froM -\-~(il \",..,ik a.~r 10 +\A.e. O{;\.+s"ide GL\("
    t \t\ rO ~~ 0.."" \\A s \A.l CA..t e.G! .fyQ YV\e. W o..ll.
    Fl~D. ~ l>ete-r\t\\\~e +\Ae. S-\-~~ - ~-tCA...(.e. htttt -tvo.~+eV" (',de t~roWJ'" +wz Wl.tl(.
    e5CHE.MMLC. a f:lVE1V DM'"A : (~- ..
    I o v.h ic.(e.. c... \f'"
    I
    To = -\ooF
    Tt:.-z o ° F I
    h, :1-5 \\tv.1 h.~~QR I

    AS'SUMPi~oti$: (I) T~ .s\jS-kM lS a:t s+e.~j TU>l


    Two
    s1ite.(Z, N~vJ+O\'.\.s \a.w lP~ c.ooh~9 Ct.,r\JClS 6X ::: " '"11\ •
    .for "'eA.t -froM tke Q.lV- -l1> t\.\.e. Wt'A.ll • 1<. ~ e. 03t8 BkA./h· H·CR
    (.?>J T~e. te,M.V~ft.l-h.\.re o..lS.h-\.bv..t\O)\, is
    li\\eQ.r ~~0'14~ t"'-e. WA"l. \ L() '-~e. ~e.~tWA-l 'v.... •.. ~
    C.O'N.lu.c\·\V i f'j ()f +""'e WfA,l\ '\.S \'\'V\.l~orV'i\. I~ x
    ANM,,'iSl£ ~ FoV"" e'i\evog ~ +mV\.sf-e.r'" be.twe.t.1I\ t\\e. ~s ;tAe. Q.'"r''' o.~ +ke. waLL
    Q- ~ = Xl.. A "
    (T· - T
    Co W\
    .) (11

    m\f" co\'\J.uc.t\ov\' t\tr0"1h \-\A.e w",U


    Q =-1< A ~ =- "kA LTwiA:~O)
    x
    (2)

    "" F\k~Ll'1} tor ene.r~~ ~V\S-ter 'oetwo.eV\ +~e. wo..ll CA~ +"'.e. ou;tsi:lA.c. ",,,r-
    a, ~.h A (Two-l o ) (:~J
    No,,",) -YrO'M \')
    T w \ ::. Tt - Q.~ C~~A) ~4)
    ~A.) ~O~ (5)
    'wo -=. To + 0.0 ( ~~Jt1 (5)

    Co~b\hj (2-) J (4-)" a\\.cl (5) a\l\&. Yld-I~~ i-~t G.i. ~ Q~ -;:. 40 -= Q.
    Q::. A (To - T ~ )
    CD (
    -1... + ~ +- --L '\
    'hi. X ho )
    T~$er+ll1tj va-lues
    (16 0 +f Z
    ) (530- 'fso) oR
    Q =-
    '8....-e + .!:.f+ Bk + 3''''''- .\
    (\.S h.-»\Z, .0318 ~. ~'12' b h . .(:+~4Pfi)

    _ Q60 ) (.80) _ 772 Cf •


    CUo. s <-) - . , B+tA/~4 Q
    r. Tl-1e<tut:«tvl-1-l-ct i~ fk~ d('tto1hilAa~ is caU-ut fu. ~vew.U ('Q,1{~litceJ or l.CR_1ra(;;e}
    KNOWb).. A ~o+ ~v..ffo.c.e. \~ covQ.\fea w\-\-'" \"''f>\A\o..t\oV\. EV\e.'i"5~ *(l~&-tef""
    CX:Cu."S froM Ou.tev- Sl,l.rfc.eu. of +~e. ,'i.1SU.lOLtl~1A. O-\A.e:.t -t"'e su.rro"'"tl,~ a.w-.
    F\N~: 'DeteV'M\\.\e t\l\e. MlV\\'M\A.W\ +~'\d(J/\~sS 0.(.. \\As\.\.la..t\o",,- ¥V\C4.I.·lI\to.\~ -to
    t"'-e.
    ou.+t'..(, ~\Ar~lA.Ce tt W\peV"o:k"",V'e b~low Cl <:le~ll"'e.& vC(.h",e. o.-t S+QaJ.~ 5~.
    SCHEMAilC i C;;\ V€tJ J)kTA"
    7"a.,;,. ::. 3 DoC.
    11.: /0 W/'M~.l<
    x X:. D.08 W /YV\·K
    -t i t\ ':> \,\,l C\t\ o"'V\.
    ~t.c.t"+ ~u.rfc.t.te
    0
    :. .300 c
    ASSUMPTIONS: <..I) .,.he S'1s-\-eVV\ is ct+ .s+e.~ ~+cde. (~) tJew1-oV\'s lCLW of
    CQ:)'I~~ u.pplie'" for hea.f ~"lsfev- hc'rn +"'e: 11.-\~u.IO:.+tO'" to tke. ",lA-.
    (3) ,!he ii~p42.r,d\A.V'"e tU':tr\b\"-+\~ t~rc)~" ~~e }·V\.su.l?-t\~ \.5 l\~eGlr.
    <.4) the +\I\e'lM."l co'V\.a.U.c:hVl~ o{ +"'-e \\I\S\Ata.+\b"'" vs, lA.~l-t()1"V\I\..
    ~NA-v'iS\.s.·, 'for e\l\eV'~'j ~","~+e" \ol;1 (.(n\.~\.tc..T':O"V\ +~:('O\k''''' the.
    \~,u.\Cl:h~ . 'i., <iT lT~W(f -To)
    Q.)( = - ~A ~ :: ~A '-
    Fu.y~\Aev-) -\or eV\e.('~'j ~~~s~Y" -ttOlV\ +~e. \\I\'S,-,,"la.+\G'\I\. -\-0 +ke a.'\("

    o...o=' 1'1.. A (To - Ia.iv)


    M S' -\-e{.(.~ s~-\Q, Q)C:' G. 'D ) So

    .:K.t' (T'SU.f~ - To \ =. hX (To - Ta~," )


    50\ V \.~ ~ ~ I("" t,
    ~(T5~ -IQ)
    L ...- h(To-TQ.\ r )
    \N,~~ .:\::..=O.oS w{m.\< »h :=olD W/w\"Z.K »t;lAK~
    t~e. 1'\0+ ne-tow
    c.Cl.V\ he. t..O'V'$t-<-\Ac..Te.J.

    ., 0

    ,08
    £t ~ ~----- L '\1\ill\ = 0.Olo4 VYI oC!!l~I----------~
    .Ob
    -J

    so ho 70 80 90
    To ... "C-
    -Z-53
    PKOBLEM Z. 5 if

    Process Q W' AE.


    Q.. +50 -20

    b +50

    c, -"10 +zo

    of § -qO +50 0

    e .,..50 +20 -100

    process g,: ~E. :Q-W =-(+50)-(-20) :: ±2Q


    -E :. A E.
    f :z." =-'..,,"2.
    E. ::: e. - AE
    ::(+so)- (+7D) = --20
    Process b: dE =. Q-W =&- so') -( +-20) ::. -1-30
    E2.-E., ::. /)E -~ £2-::.6E -I-E. I
    =-(+30) +-C+2D) :: +50
    frec.ess c : W ::. =
    Q - bE.. (-lio) - (20) :: -bO
    EzE., :: A£ .::.,> E l :: Ez.- AE.
    =- (+-"0) - (+20) = + 40
    Process: d ~ Q:. AE.+W = (D) + (-qo) :: -'10
    £~ -E, :: AE. ~ £, :: Ez.- f)E.
    ::. (r5D) -Co) =+-50
    .frOGeSs e ~ W :. Q -~E. :. (+5D) -C-LDD):: +150
    =
    E-z.-E L 6E. -?;> E'2. = ~E. +- E I
    ::. t-I DO ) + (+20) :: - eo
    KfJDwM: A s~5teW1 of ILlItOw n ma.s.s UV\(,kV8 oes a... process forwhick +£te.
    (".J" k. is speci tie.d. IV\ aA.dth ~ +I1e cua ~es i Ii\ sfectf ic iYltert\t1/ e,t\e"(1 )
    r:
    e.1c,v¢tU7lllJ aM.d /t.ilAefic. ~J.1e.,~ Q~ qlve.n.
    El tV D~ Dete,rwlI·vte +he '" ea.+ -I- rOo VI. S ~", r;
    -SCIfc..NIrTI( i GIVetV PArA: 'W
    w'::. -q «.3"
    ~~:. 70D m
    .A «. = - b ~'f"1k.j
    /).KE. :: 0
    ..9 :. q." tnl s z.
    z
    1_--
    ,4:;5VJl1PUOIJS: (I) The SlJsl-eYh i~ closed.. (.2.) 7tterQ i.s VlO clAa.. n 9e. iJ1 ",l-te.f.l~
    eJ1et'"s:t .(3) rite ().ccefe.t'"a:I-~ of 1t'"4V;f'1 is ct)M.Sfa....l'.
    ANtriYjrS: .Hea.+ tr,"Skris de,~J1\i/l1ed "'~ t¥f'l~l~ ft,.e(t'fteYf~ blJ.lallice (A.Md
    a $SU~P+Co", L '0
    ~+ APe. i-IJ tT:. Q - W
    The pofeV1-+(o,{ et1e('3~ dtalll1€ ~&1 be expYeSSCd ~PE.: YYl3 Az') t?A1J.
    #t€- (V\~(A..( e,\I\e,~~ c-fA~e tS AU:. Y\'\~u.. T~
    'W\ ~ 6"l. + yon 6(.(. == G.-W

    5oh/'~~ .f.c.r & M\d l!IIserH~1 ,,~Lu~

    t • Tk e, V\ 4t ~ Q. +" v~ S l <.1 '" cl e. "" 0 ~ e. ~


    {."'.4t S \( s~ e"", 6 '( "" e. Q. ~ •

    J-5S
    'PRoBLE Ivt '2..56 *'
    !;NOCAIN ~ A sl's.J.e-- 0./ /<.....1.»1'\ """/loSS u",derJoe-s 0.. proc.t"rs fo".. t..1/M'c.k t~
    "'-.e.A..+ ~A.""'l.fe.r o.""'~ worl:::. ,-y~ l::/A-OwY1. TN. I'''''n~ sp.c..~·c. i~+e,..V\.~
    e",e~ is 0..1 So /<;"-100\.>11.

    FJI''''D: Oc+e...""",,,l'\~ +1-.. f.",...( S'p~ur·c. iOo\44..-V1~ ~",e v: ,y.


    SCH'[MATtC. & bl VoN 1)ATI\-:

    ~=-lOOO I'\j'
    CD w "'-~O~\f
    \A l ~ 300 ~'crJ ~
    Q.
    ASS\)lV\PTlOlVf: I. A c.lot~~ S''1s-k''''''- of K.~ ~H IS v"",der coltf,·de,...atl"O'\1.
    2,. C~6.""5f'S i., t=.j'ke~'c. a.",c:! po+e""h~, ~1I\.er,'1 C-"-'. lcu- t\.ej l-ec-ltc:J. '3. Tl-te..
    j",,; h~ A",d ~'''''......L ~..(..s as« e'f VIII I;) ri v "'" -r~kf.
    A~ AL..yt\$: ~ c~O'" ~ iV\+e,............... €"VU""JA- ~ ~ d~+e.,~·l'\td 1Y~
    .f'\\.~ e 1'\ e ('t'\ b ,d 0.. ''\t.ot. V ~ "j G\. SS v t""'- P'" ~ 1..
    ~E.-+ ~+ LJV'==- Q-W
    ~ Lru-=- GJ-W
    T~"", w,~ a.st'u_ph""" 3 I AV:: W\ (,-,,,-U l ) I ~

    Uz.

    I· Acc.orc:i..l.·\o\.j +n -t~ S\,:>'" CrM.v~I'\.J.;(1\Il..S -ft,r G<. ~'" c:J W J ~ ~ V\.E'j4.h·~


    VJ"'t~ -r~e(e ; s o: he+ ~+ 1Y-Q.V\srv 0{' e~~r~'1 fr~ ~ s'1r+t""", Al'\d
    W 14 "",e~,"",~ UJLu."" ~~ L.? e.. J'\.t."" ""Or I:. 1v-AI'\S' ~ D t -e Vi ~""01
    1£.. .{1..a of, r4eM.

    J-Sf:,
    P~oB LE fv'\ :;l.5'1
    I<NowAJ" FiVe lC~ of sk",,,,,,, vnd.fU"30 (110'\ ~r~It$I'OI"l in. ~ f'sfr,l'I-dll"'~ arr~I¥rb!1
    frOw. sl-ak I *
    s~ 2. "'DVI'IV" -+~ proC(it.rs -f'lI\ere is e-. /::''''-CI".V11 h~+ {nk",~~
    --+0 ~ S~AM 0-1'\. cl 0... t=:;~ (...U o:1c.
    -tvQ.Mfa- of ~"" ~"j7 -to ;L s+e~ . . . . b ~
    l
    pN:ldl~ wk..~fi!.I. Tk.. c~~ ~ sf-'~·c. i"de" ... -t.e JI\JUn ~ sttAkA ,'s 1
    ~lto Je.-W/1. .
    fIN D~ ~+e"~~e -t~ 0.-.0"", t of -e VI erdi Tr~"'S-/-or b'1 wor-Ie:. fro"", ~
    s4ut'- ~ -tf-. fLSh>~ c:lu.""~j +~ ~CA.SS.
    S"c~tM"n(c.. ~ (;.II/GfJ J>Fl7J}:

    WpiSlon =?

    Q=+80kJ Uj =2709.9 kJ/kg


    Uz =2659.6 kJ/kg

    A.s~""'PT{()fJS: t. T"'~ 5~-. IS +'-


    c::...lo~d syS+eIM.1..'h.er-e tS VI-o c.~y\~-e.....
    \n -the. /c:',·V\tn'<:" 0(' PO+e""~'M .e\l\H· fr~ .s+--.k I ~ S'~ "2..
    OJ
    A....,AL.'(S'IS: The ~ c...uor/C ~"'" ~ c:1e.+e~·V\ed ~oVV'. ~Io"\ -eJltertji
    b()o.l~V\.u.., TL......\- ~ I w I't~ o-s oS'u """ph' Olo"\?-.
    o C)
    ¥E+~6+6-U- :. Q-W

    W ~ G) - ~-U-
    -I\o'I..e vt.ef u,."o ... l, ~ -t"'- SV"",,, of T"'-' I.JJOjf-lC t:tssoCA'~d '"'f1,...JL w,-+'"
    ~dd.l~ w"'~.e I \Nfw a.t'\. ~ -te- ~ Ol'""(C. d..", e, CN\ ~ rl'S 1-010"\ Wpisd'OVl;

    W -=. W ew-+ W pl'slo~


    fYo&-+'- ~'le", iV\..~""lM~'h'"", "'-Tpw':; -18.S"\C~, ca ker« ~ ~"'~Stjl-'\ is
    r(it , v Ire c:t b.e CA'U.,",- ~ f~.L.u... CA.It...........A *'0..1'\.
    ~ ~n ~ ~ e r j 'J +0 -t'1- 1'1 J1-e fA.. •
    C» ~l~c "b:. ~ j ~ vJ-;h

    VJt"lr~ -_ CQ - D-eJ"- Wfw-


    .... ~ - "'" (Lt",-l.(, ) - W'I#"
    z: 8O~;r- 5"'1 ("~"'.b-Z741.'j)~ - (-18.5.:1)
    . ' =+'3.$1) 1t:::I ~ I r_ WplstOIA
    l.vh~te -\'k POSit\~(' s'~\-'\ II'\~U+·U +t....r -e./A.e'j' c.; -f'rAJI\r~",~ CI ~~
    S\e~""" ~ -11- ~"s~V\ Q..O -f/It...Q.. s~W\ ~p"'tll.ds c::L..t.I""'J ~ r--o CJJ r S'.
    PR06LeM Z.58

    KNOWN: A Ste1S+e.Wl of Ie-n.ovon m4SS u..nder60es 1u..x:> fR?cesses l~ series.


    FlN"D: J)e+eYM I~e +he work 4V\e( heed- -fraKS'fe(" for fhe sec.on.J.q"-ocess.
    SC.HeMA-ftc It G=LVW PMAi
    prQce~s ,- 2. ~ tr, =Vi. :: '1.1.(34 .f+3/ tJ, J~ :: /00 ,ft,flt"l12.
    U, :: llOS.8 61u/ It,) Q,2, :: - 581.3" f>1u.
    Procey 2 -a t Pa :. eo Ibf"iA"2,~ V; =. 7.82 #3/lb
    f2.::'
    u,= utu » 6k.tllb
    !5SUMPT1DNS: (J) A clos-etl SC{6fe,wr is u,~e.te.Y"
    idera:I-LOIf\ ,(.z,J I< II;'et, 'c.
    GOtts
    AM P01e"f.i41 ener9<j el+ec.ts c.altt be hf!.fJlecf'eA. ca) Tkere.;s l10 worlc.
    for .p("()c.e,s /--2. Cl./-) -rhe pres~u.r.e. is COtlsf&4.H.t du.Y'~1 f('eC4S 2-3.
    ~ ~ B~ ~$SU.rnp..f.I;'J-\(4) -the werle. .for 1rD~S 2-3 ca..-n be ~n"
    w,'ilJB E!j.t1J7 ,)
    o jV"
    W2.3::' V.
    2-
    rdV ::. p:.{V3- Vz. ) ::. P20 D1{ V3-Vi.)

    =(bO~)('2'IoX7e2.-4lf31.1)H.a
    h12-
    14~'1A2.1
    I b ' #2.••
    IB-kA. '
    '77 8 ~+ ·,bf
    ~ = 15.21 6ft.<.. EO W203

    Use. -rhe e.rterg!1 bfA.leuI!ce # fai1& <Q20~


    A Vz- 3 -::. Q2.3 - WZ,3
    W,:r£t LlV::. m.4u..
    Q'2.'3 ':, m (l.{l-U'l..) +- Wz. 3 (;)(t)

    To ~fl,+ Uoz. ) U~e ftte eJller8~ haLCCAIlce !of' UJroce~s 1-2


    1'vJ (U 2. -CA.,) :. ~ 1"2. .....;4;:
    u :. ~
    2. m
    12, + U.
    J
    :. (- 581. 3" e~ +
    (2 1L,)
    1105.8 6kA.llb
    =8".12. i>fu./lb
    -rlus) from C~)
    Q2..3 -:: (Z){ 1121.£1- 815.12) +(75.21)
    = ~8'1.8 Bh.t -< Q2.3

    ,,2-58
    PR.Df3UE.fv1 2.SQ

    I<NowN: A sfor-a.,e b(lHe,r~ is ~~ed bZJ -#.e elecAriG r()W~(" DU.tplJ;+ from
    a, to ; ...dtli ill. The. wbrl£. 4\1\0( heat mMs.f.er ("ales a.Y~ JUzoc.on.
    ELND: 1>mrMIl-\e ..(br 8 h f)f 0r:e r(). ft i»1. (fJ..) tke +O~{ a mo(.A.~+- ef el1er'lj
    5for~ ~ (It:» ·Nto(. value: cf ~ s*'("~ eM€Jrjj.
    S#P..M4rIC ~ tl-lvetJ DA-rA ~

    W:.-If:; ~w

    1====
    ...
    1--- -
    1

    :;11
    5fora.,~ :
    - ="
    -I. B £:'W
    0(dff,"'J I ~t:: 9' h
    a: ePtelr-iei4-J v(J.(uer1
    at "().()8/l:.W·~
    1-,. _..,. ..,. -'

    A5SVMPTLQNS: (I) The ba-Hev-y is lA. clDSe4 s~s+-e.VV\. G2) The WDf"k. ~""GC '-"ea..+
    tytllAr-k-r V'c:lkes Cl,re Uf'Yl.sfO..lA.-t.
    A=NAI.'/Sf~: (Cl) me a.mouu,+ &f eJlle,~~ .s+Or~ is fc-u,M fray\') aM... 'W\eN"~~
    bttt~ee
    L1E: :. (Q - W on
    To ev().lt..ta:f-e. & ().M.et W I re~~cftveA~
    't 2 •
    Q: J a.dt = QAt::. (-I.B kW)(8h) :. -14.4 Ic.w·h
    /', =- (,.Iv.<lkw./,)I 1 kJ"/.s,lf3foOOS!
    I i(;w 'h
    -f. 4
    =- 51840
    I
    k.'T
    VJ: f1:., Wtlt:: W.6t:::. (-lskW){Sh) :.-l2DkW·h
    ::. (-12.0) I+Jf~"lool :.-'1.32 XlO s k:r
    I t\ serf, '..t~ +hese re.su l+s ~ k {K)

    k~...
    5
    6£ =(-SI8lto) - t : }
    Lf.32.Xt0 ) ::: 3.8)(10
    5
    .Ae
    (b) If el-eotYi:c.;+'j is vo.lu.~ o-r .. 'f). oaf "w·\.\
    va.lu.e of =-(3.c8XLO s k:r) k.Wll/~ I
    I lc.-:r/s
    I ($ D.OS/k.IA/. h)
    sford eV\eV'1~ I ~CoE)O S

    :. .st g. 4 5 ..Q vakc.,

    ;z-s'f
    kNowtJ! AV\ Q.\tc:h-ic. '1\1.0\0.. ~f~r~~s o.:f:. s~ 5~+<'. ~(. elec+rk po'Ou-
    ·,~u.t is <3 \veY\ Q.\A.J.. ftte ~~H "o~r ou.i-tl.lt CA.'" ~ dekrMil'\e~.
    AV\ ~~p~,~io)\ (~9 \Vt)\ -tot" ~ h~t tv'4.W\s~r --o.~.
    EltJJ): ~e.te'(~\V\c ~e. o..ve.V"D..9t. su.rf.o.c~ +e.~pt:('o.kve e~ "",,,e 'Mofor.

    CD
    SCLiEN PrT\(. e C;r\\le.tJ DA-TA: •
    Q~- hA( I b - To ) h" ... 10 6~/~.~
    To:a 8oo~

    T--~
    _ _~ 'Motor
    1 I
    d =1+,4- U·/)f
    500 ~f>M
    l~~_~~~~_.'

    A5SUMPTlONS: <.1) The Y';\otot" is 0.. close~ ~~'~'M,<"Z) 1'\\e. i"'jskW'" LS a.+
    f>t~~WLi aU O(7Q.t"a..+I~' ~ Q.re eunsh.c.t LUiiit 'h~'L (3) ike. noor-mtL\
    s ~ \1\ C4Y\'Ie.';\t\oY\~ -tOo(" \\ed Q.~ wor\c, a.re. u.s~.
    /JrrIM.-"~l~: The. r~e. ~rw\ o~+\.\e. e.V\~~ lo().~ r.eJuces Q.~ -Ce\lows
    d 't.rt'°d ~~ ~o _ . .
    /&t; +,;at ~~ Q. - (W.uu. + W~\\~)
    ::to

    Q .. WdC(. + Wi~.f.+
    or J us \,v..j ~ ca \l/ ~ ~)(f(US ~O"A. ~ h.to.t +vet.~V' vue
    - h A(T lit - "'To) :. WtlLc. +- W6~~..
    ~o\VlM~ ~ Tb . ~
    W flee. + Ws~H

    (-h~)

    Evo.l\..lCd-.M1 ~ wov-lc. -terMS


    WLite. :.- 1 e-\1Al~ :: - 3fQOO B\-W ~

    Ws"'c.~ : dw :-(14.+ t+.l~){50o y~~ )/2.n.J!:'lt"D~~ 16~ ~


    \: 'M~ ~ ~ \ ~ 1018"",1
    ::. .3+8' U)~ J"

    (- 3"'00 + 348<f .) e\u./h


    (- to ~~I k. -R.)
    0Il Of tIl!!-Si-------------------------'"-

    z-so
    PR00~ Z.(gl

    KNOWN: A closee.{ s~steM t\j,\"'-eY"'~oes tl r:oce~s Wlt-k ~ kV\owl'\ hectt 1\'--(.("s~r"


    ra.te 1 tA.l'\t{ -lite rowev- vavoies a...t o; spec if ied ;u.J'\c.tio~ f)f f,me.
    ~~ DefenniY\( C~\ +ke. ytA.te. o~ c~Y\~e ef s~&+em e.V\e.r~':1 tat to =o.b h
    o.V\.Gl (b) +ke
    cW:t.V\~e \V\ S~$~W\ e\'\ef'~':1 a.\ter 2 h.
    SCKCMA-nc. t (HVeN VA-fA:
    Go ::: - 10 bow
    - et oc::i-~ Ih
    WoO
    - -8!+ t~lk
    where is riA h (A,\-\a tAl ;$ il"\ kW
    A2SVMPfloN: Tv.1! SCJS~M ;05
    closeel.
    ANM8SIS: (~) Tke h~e ra:1e o.f' etv.c.~(t of eV\e'1~ o.t ~Y\~ ftMe f. is ~IJe", b~
    dE . .
    a.t -=- G -W (*)
    A+ t-=-D.b h
    ~ I :
    (Q - ,(-e-t.)]
    i'=o.'~
    =(-10 kW)- (- 8· 0 ,fo) k.w
    -c=-O.f:Jh
    Q) :& - 5,2 "=-\IV ~ de/dt
    (b) 1he c~Q."c;e. iV\ 5~.s-\eY\'\ eV\eY'6~ is l>bto..''''e& bJ 't\t~m.h~~ (If-) 6ve~ ~
    hlilAe 1>eV"loc.( ef- ~ 11. iWJ- \.s
    t-=zl-)
    AE ::. J-t:.o
    (~-w) dt
    =. Q.1l.i: _~ t"~_Bt) tlt /~Z~(_e} dt] .j.
    lJ-l;=o t=tl,

    =. (-to )(2.) - [~) i't -[ 1.


    I
    E-8)t;
    '2.

    = -2.0- [C-tf)] -[(-8)(2-1)]


    ::: - 8 kW·h

    ® 1lws AE. =. (-f> b-W.h )1 1I lGJ/sll?>6eosl :: -28}8c:>o b.~44-------'::::=';


    wi Lc:. l '"

    I. At i» o.e '" J -f1te e~ef6~ ef #Ie sjskm is olec.r.gasi",s a.t ' l r'a:~ ~f s.21cW
    beca..u,se +he. rttfe &+ e\'\e.,~ hu",sfev' ~ b~ k.ea..t e~ceed.s tkt2. Y'l~ of'
    eV\ e.Vl ~ -tv"cU'uf<.r Jh b Cj wt> rk. .
    z. ~e J'le.JJ a..fwe.. ~., k d.e£lto/e,s o: 1Ile:C dec.yetLSe. ~ e ke.-q ~ over #te 1-1 Me
    pe.v- rod..
    PRoPJLeM a.ez
    KNOW.N: A storlUJe. batt-erg aeve/ops a kMWV1 fo()Jer ou.fpl).f ~ A full1cfi01'\
    ~ t.J1,te.
    FIND·. Plo1- -ftte power t)u,tpLtt "'K~ fLte cM.a.1l1e. ,'i1 ene r9':1 of flte
    batfe"-fj J ecu:..h a.. s C( #c.K Cf"t> 11\ Df Yi1 e . +,
    SeWE.MA-TtC. ~ GIVEN VArA:
    - - - - -J.r-,..--I + W :: t.z eKp (-il foC)
    I

    ; s-tora.s e ~ (where. W ,:S 141 /c.Wa)\c! -/; is +,~e J~ s)


    .
    Q.::.o
    .- - bccHe.ry
    - - - - ---
    ,
    I

    AS5UM@TLQN~~ (I) A elo.se~ S~SkM is u.kder coY\sid.eY'aJLo~.(2)Therl!- is


    -nD nea.t -frD.vlsfef'".
    AzVAl8SI$.: The ·h~e raie. of dtQ.K~e. of 6ljskWl eM€kV~ is
    c!.E -
    Glt -)6l.. -
    ;,toW· -"'-. cl§. - - w·
    ...,... d+ -
    or
    dE -= -1.1. ~p{-t/bO)
    dt .
    ~o""" i. =D -t. (J..1I\'t -k1M..~ 1;
    1;
    L)t -::. - J o
    1·1. e'l<IO (-t/"o) c!t :l - 1.2.
    c- '/"0)
    l e 'ltp (- t/foO) - 1~1
    ::: =(2 [e/'f.p ( - t / '0) - I] KJ
    (~) U51hg $o+fWttV"ff'to rIot- w11~ A£ vs . t YZ1V\ql~ fn,m 0 ok> Z-SOs :
    1.5 - . - - - - - - - - - - , o ---r--------~
    -10
    -20
    1
    -30
    -40
    -50
    0.5
    -60
    -70
    -80 -h-r,...,...,....,r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...,....,....,...,...,....l
    o 50 100 150 200 250 o 50 100 150 200 250
    t (s) t (s)

    (b) IV\+kL IaMit D.$ i.l).«OJ W~o ~lI\d ~E-+ -'12.k-T. The. plof5 sLtow
    we- kClve
    ~{(.t ~e.se \\.w\t+s (l,re ""1'1'roCldf\t~.e( clc"e,l~ A~V- CA~Ou..t 2.2.5 s. For +l~es
    ~Ye.ttttr ~'" ~l.f) \'\0 W\OY'"~ elec..fvic, '{'owe(" ls cA-eve.lop~ Iolj fk.e.. foat+ef'j
    o.V\L! t(Ae e,V\e.i', 'j r~VY\A.\it\~ (.0 ~d",tJI\;t.
    K~OW~: A gas of. 1£.~o(.&1l'\ J'\1etSS eXf'Ulds 'k eI. 'Pi.stt>~ - c.'1'Iil\d<-r" fn,(YI ( l specif.ie.J
    ,'""itlttl s+u1e .fr:> 4.. k:I1.CWI1 -HM 4 ( rr-es.su~, Tt1e pr-eSSu.J'€ - v olu.me fo,... tlte.
    proc~.s is ~l·veV\. Also" fkL :sreilt-tC 1i-ik.vnD1 ~ne.r"gCj e-1Aa.....,e is k:.&1,l)(..CJJ1,

    El.Mt>: De.J.ell"WhVle. +he. h~ .Jra.ns.fcr- fOr" +l-.e process.


    'Sc H-GMA11c. 8 &\ VE.N -oArr/Jr:

    /" n1 - 0 •=2.5' kj
    ---7-
    - p,:. g ba,r) V& = o. 0 ~ V'1 3

    f'2.:' a, IoCLV-
    9 as I t;
    l' V 1~'2-= COJ1sta.~+
    ... - -,I - AU.:' - ~S' k.:rl ks
    A2SVM PTlDN: (') The gets ~ Q. clt>se.d .s~sk,W\, CZ) /{.,;"e-}-L(, a....J. pofevtttal e/.1erYJ~
    e.(.{.ecfs A ....L r1eg I i 3 ilo~, (3J The. ,rC9oe~ is pol,;/frepi" W l'ft" PVi,%-.= CtTYLSta.uf.
    AAlAt,yS($: 1"'e hU(;.f- ~JoIlS'hr ca.vt. Joe. ~u..Kc.( US&IIlJ tt-'" e,VI~~ bala.",c.e, Ayst
    fl hoC .u..e. L()OYk. u.s lH~ ~. ~al11 ~ ~ tlows:
    V''&. Sv~
    J
    vJ:. prAV =
    t/
    I
    VI
    tumt· ttv
    V 1.2-
    :rnt~ raft i", "Hel $toH1 ph f Cd I ~~
    W:. Pz.'V2.. - p,Y,
    ( / -I ~ '2.) I/,
    1"~ volu.V\ote ~t 4'ke. .t:L~o.( sfcd-~ Vz. =(P'/P'Z.) 'LS I·V, :. 0.0<0'3 S "",' ° Tk.u.s
    W:. (2 bQf)(O.O(P~SYv\"1) - (~) (0. 0 :2.)
    (1- l. 2 )
    J loSN/m~
    I
    I I kJ
    b",; I 10' ~. W\
    I
    ::: Ifo. S" 1c.,T
    Now I to 8~f -Hte. l1€l.tr -IYa.11!~ J be'l'!It wi fU ~ flM.U'tlj ~",laJ,tce.
    Ar +ye.,.
    o 0
    Q- W
    5'0 I V,Olllj .fr,y ~ tU1.c1 KoftiA~ .f1,14C AU.A
    ~u =
    WI Au..

    (X ::. JIVI A tL + W
    = ( O:~$"'lc~)( -5~ 1c'J'/~j) ... ( llD.S"" ~J")
    CD = d..1S' k J":~~ Q

    ,. 1he heQ,+ -IrlA.Vls,fer is 1'0s[five. J de-notin<j eVlerfllj tmnsfer- Iotj h t2t:tT


    iQ -I1A~ ~~S as it ~Xp4Ms.
    "'''''OWN: Air cO~"""l'\ed IV\. '" r,'Qid
    " tu~-"/I\r,cI",-feJ ~",k reco ~a~
    .,....... ... e l1e r~ y
    ,,+ A. 'Sp#c.fiQd r~w fr.CMA 0... pA.odk (,h' R-t.d.

    FIIVD: 1)e~,,"_)\~;-1A....t 'p~e."p' c. volvW'-«. ... + +"'-<. fll"I.~ ~fc... i-e J -the e/.1ef1Y
    .fy-..,r-f+- ;''1 Wor lC) o..~d -t~ c..~ ~ SP~e.IP,'c.. I·",-k~... -.....t el'\A.r,y o-fi"/N ()..f'r.
    Sc#:'2' ""'" TiC cf (;1 VSf>..J 1)1'( 71')!

    ,3
    V= O.'=-"""
    /1
    I
    W: - \0 W) At:. I h.
    1
    ,...1
    /1
    .....1L ,1
    /"' /"'
    ASSVlY\P,.(ON~: /. rrt-:« Gt..... i~ i-""'-e c../bHd ~'tS+-e-· 2. ft,r-t kJ 'ys f-t"""1 U2.::'0
    0.11I. ci +~ o..-t. ""'0 ~"-~ ~ ~. ~ h 'c.. ·E 11e,., >' a t'l ci. po 4-t VI f,. ~ of ",e .... 11·
    3. T"-4. \'\M'+;~ QtI\" f,'V\#.J. -s.+..f4>s c::v Co e ,v; I; b n'v IN' ~+o..'" e S.
    A'lo;)Al-YS'~: (6) S.'M~ -tr..... W'\ASS o: ... <i VolvlN\e. o.l"~ ~A.C" cVY\.S.J-o...,.;f)
    +"'e SpfPCA./t', \lol~lM.e. a..+ S'~+es I a. ... d z. 0.. ... -e, +k.a SA.IN\-I:

    v; :. v/. T \,v..a.o

    (b) To -e\f.. lu...~ W) I' '" ~ ') II",d-~.

    W=-JWcU ::
    ih
    f~-IOW) d-t - 010 W jC I h ) I~s II ~~s I\~ j w
    o 6 ~ _ 3ft, Je:.~ --=a=a--------.....:.=.

    ( c') T L'-l!" C ""-'.j 0('


    k:>~ '4\.lI\e...t \

    _ - (-~CD k-S)
    :t k,5
    f~oa~ 2.l95
    KN OWN ~ A-~ e lecfviG re,i,for+ro.~s.fur.s eneYt1:1 tV!- a GIf)16/aMJ rJe 10 a. ~a.s
    C6't\~",ed l~ (4 ri~ltt -ft1..~k.. He.t;(+ iYn.~f~v'" be+w~ell\ fWz. fJiL! tw.d ~
    suV"r"l.(,~/"'1.s occurs A..S o: spe4f/ed ~c~ ~~ +tiM.e..
    FIND: (tt) Plot ttte +I~e. rrde. of cltak5e. .,f elll'f,Y-''1ct- Uu. CJa..s -(1)r ()~ t:~ 20 MIU,)
    (b) Dektt.Mt.L.t,,- +ke.. )let cV1aVl~e illl etteY9CJ cf. +k.t 1'4 5 a.ff.&- 2.0MI&.1. I(C) 1).eterMI-IA~
    -lite. cost 9f ~ e(e.chic-A.f l1l\ 'Ll+
    lotke. reslifor:
    SCl-fGM4,IL $ &llleAJ VA-,A:

    Q ~l.\.Y"(' ::. - 50 t.
    cvhere ~L'.7~V'f15;11\ Waifs (}..k.t1. t is ik rl1;"' .
    GY'es = I eoo W
    u>st of e(-ec+ri(,i+~ :: ~ o.os/£:.w·",
    ASSUMPTlQIV's: el) The ~CLS (.{ Clck?.s~ .1'1sfe.W\. (z) The. eVHW'J'f -f'rtU\.r.fc.r +ron-a k
    yesi$-k>r -k> -ttu ~(A.S oce.u.fS a..t A CC11Sla.u+ rcvle.(3) 1hev-e 'lS ~o \\Jorlc...
    AMAk'{Sf~: (C'Al 1he. +l~e .,.ale ~f clA~C!. st t.\I\e,nj~ ir
    de. . ../'o J.e· '
    a;f-:: Q -)!<J =:> a:t- = Q g (.4~,. +- G re«
    Dr tiE :: - Sot
    tif + 1000 ( t ,i,t ....;11I.) e/.E,Id.t i&.1 w)

    tts\lhj sof+wttve -fo plof de/tt+ vs, t r~YVJ' iI\~ fn:>m 0 +ow V\A\'IA :

    1000 - - , . , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    800

    600

    400

    200

    a 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    t (min)

    (b) 1 r\*UjY"a-+l\l\~ ~) -m,1l1 -t =o


    se: :: J.'I- Sot + 1000J :: (_(s~ )i2. + lOoOt ]
    40 20 MilA

    r: /Elooo W·",;",
    =(I () e Do W· V\I\ \ "") I' ". ~l·l· " ~ I
    J/
    L03W
    0
    1 V\l\ll1
    e. 600
    o
    ,,-:r..----------~
    (c.) ~s.,. f).f ~leclY"t" llApL<-t ~ ( 1. hW )Lz.OY'-tI.i-t) J J -:-Je $
    h D.08/ k.\IJ. ~)

    :. :I O·(j'J..T' -4
    60 M i.:J Cf;S+
    e~th-iG
    0"
    iMrw.+
    ;).-lPS
    I<NbWN: A ,kVlown mit'S t>f sl-u~ .fA,~de""8oes. a.. (fol'd lropiG process I~ tl
    p'Iston -~ IU1d.e~ etssembl'd' The Irllt,t:t{ 0,,4:( -{'lIIar sietes C(1;le{ -HIe heetf-
    Transfer ti. re 6fecif leA.
    rlNn: J)ere,rmli1e fhe Wt>rk. (A,Kd +he f&i1a.1 .specific. vot.u..me .
    .5CHeMItILC $ 6=LYetJ PMA..:.
    / rn -- I . 2. Ib
    7 Sfa.fe 1,: F: =500 IkfHva2. U; :: 1.70/ If 3/ (j,
    J

    Sf~J11 U, ':: 13h3.3 8/1L/{b


    L
    5taie. 2.: U2. = Q90. ~8 tJIu.llb
    .1.
    \. :J,
    pV ::. c..ora.slo.lA. t Q:: - ~'l2.q 6/u.

    dS5UMfOTtoNS: (I) The sfea.rn is t< c.lo~e.d. $'dsnWl. (z) I<,~e.hc.allld f0.Je,wh~{
    energy effec.ts C(~ t1 e~{itjib/e..(3) /he froce$S is lD{~l-rop;c Wl+~ h -2-.

    M/Auif>IS: To ol.ek~m 1'i1~ +he work..,! be~"'1i\ Lo i+lA tiae eYletl~ baJa.u.te.
    ¥+Y£+ AlJ:: Q-W
    W'1-~ 61J:: "" (u'z.-lA c ), a.wi sol Vt ~ j for W
    W:: Q - h'1. L u2- -Lt.,)

    = (-3'12..9 Bfu.) - (1.2. tb}(q~D. SS-13b3.3)fHuJlb


    = 104.4 B+u..E W
    To ::Jef 1T"z. J he5'11\ wi+1tt ~. )../7 6....,.d UA.t. & fO'~fn"it:, ,rr>cess eKf~st(,)i\
    J1/
    ~ ~ ~
    W : :. pdV -::. l'V1 J 9dv- :::. -rn.. 6~ vz.)
    11'" ' J"
    Jnr esr
    --v:oL.
    " I

    =- l'¥1 cr. ~ a ) ( ,;~ - 4:.)


    .sa h','1i1.9 +c:tr '/ 'lY-z..

    1 _ J. W
    "trz. - v-; ~p, ~ '2.

    .t
    -\'.;0'
    I-AJllb
    )- (JO,/,l( 6-1u.)
    '1.2 16)( 500 l1r7flt(,4"1.) (t.1DI ft3/lb)1.
    I 1 aM
    I I
    77B.fHbl ,#2.
    '''''' ;M2.

    =0.2."30
    1k.us
    '-'i.. :.
    ,
    l).2b~o :: 3.802 ~3/ lk ~
    CD V''2.
    ----------------------------
    ,I. the l·~vr.e.a-se t"" VOLUWl.e. is c.oVlslsr.e-J,tf wiflA. tM positIve: Si~£1 +or
    work. aeVlof,'lI\j eYlerjCJ 1n:t14rfer aur of ft.te f>lf"1eM h~ work..
    J

    eJ- fofo
    PRoe>tefv1 1.(,7

    KNOWN,: A know" n1A.tpS of 8. 45 c.U1.&te~oes e, rol~+rop;G froce~ hefwe.ell\


    two Sfeci'fled ~j-Q;tes. The r.e.la.flo1\!Sh ip be+wee~ Pr?S2)f.A.1"e. J tJ'Olurne) a.~4
    liAkrllltA-1 el1 eY9!:1 is I::nDuH1 for tkeaas.
    f (ND: DeterM Jne fhe hea.t fro.KS.fer:
    f, = ~ JbilJ"ll"J V; ~ h.of/-3/1l:,
    f2. l"'fl,tt·
    =. 1-0

    r U,·3 .: constant:
    For +tw. ga.s
    U = (o.zs-st) P1f-9S.'f3fo

    -- - (wtae~ tr is J;" 1+3/ lb.J P is


    '-/4 "ofl,'~~ cau( u. is jJ;\ 0kAllb)

    ANA["\f~I~: /he ~ea+ fntl'Lster i~ defentnnld{rolYl a.VI eneY8~ h({lauce.


    Fi ist) deierm Ihe the (.()Or"- betl' nl1'hj w itt1 Er- 2./7
    w = J vrdV::.1 Vz. C!01lot:
    VI V
    dV
    VI 1.3
    == U:J':J,Vz. - P, VI) -=- m
    C I - I. '3
    t 12.-v;. - ~ V; ~
    I -I. 3 J
    E VQ. ( U~+t ~3 Vi .J..

    'trz. =(-f)t3.-tr, I."


    ::. l.;t~
    ),.3<1.0) =- J 3.ct 7 .f+3f I b

    W = 0 \6) 0
    [(AD Ibf/'~")(r3.17 foP/I\,) _(&,0)(6.05]
    t (I _ I. 3)
    ILl'1 j,}
    J f.I. 2.
    I0-kA.
    77B.f+·,bf
    I
    = Lot'i 1. 3 Btu..
    /Jow) (A,)V'ih'lI\g +h~ e,Yle~~ ~cdCllAce

    AkE + APE. t /),15 -= ~- W


    Not~~ ~t AU:: \V\ (L<.1.- U , ) (A.&I\.& sol v,'lf\~ fo.r.- Q
    Q :-. W\ (,Ll~-l.l.) +W
    ev~llA.C\.+\"'~ (l.tz:u.,)
    (U''l,- Lt,) =-kO.2"5t) (.zoJ(t3.17) -, s.lia,,]- [t>.z.b S l)(~o)(6.0) ... q.5.4i3~
    ::: - 2 l. vi ~tu./l\0
    f,iAa.ll~
    Q. :. Qo \10) (- zt. ~ 1 e}u/l\,) + ( 4 C}1."3 0tu.)
    :::. ~ 8 3"(0 fb\-u.. co
    L. The. s'fl'Yl..s +0(" wur-k ~ kw c(~11~ ettf!:t"9!J ..(.rom +ke S~6~W\ b~
    W{)vk. to ft,t€. '51.j'Sfe..m b~ ~~+) rL~ p e c.+we.l~.
    o1-~1
    lCNOwIV: Al'\ elec:tya''--l r e ,,'.dor 1v"A~~ff.rs e~e.'--"1 7b A. j"'-,s co",~'''''t"c:l ,....
    o; ve,.",M.. p,.sn~- ~ll~de..r C4.s.r~~b{d'
    ':/IVD-: ncfe"''''''''''~e :th~ C~""'"t" j", ,,,,f-el""'--~( e",e~",( oc. 1-~c. ~CA.S

    ~CH1:~i\TIC. ce (;., ViE'" 1)1\71'\:

    ~r. -=;2.++
    p~~;~
    I I
    ----

    ~.s
    ",~

    ,
    A,.at.lI\ ::\ 1.'~.
    , '1

    pidot\ ~ei,ki = \000 lb+

    I I
    I '

    t L.
    Z I

    Li:II---
    'J\'II\9T'O~S: I. ~r"'l-k"", L.Q -t~ PIS~Vl f,1U.f -t~ ,AS', 2. fD,..~ ",s+Oll'l.)
    ;--:.0, At<-E:.o, ~ ... -t""-a j4t) .A'PE:o J Ato::'€:.O, s. FOr" -tt- '1.t~-1 ~ -::.0,
    Fr,'en'f)", be-lw.e.e", p.'.tlo"" t.lt\d C~"II\cUt- c.A.~ ~ I" l'\.fT(ed. (so) Tke. ~U'1
    .. ~\ee\Y'uJ rer,,,to(' i~ Vte"I""",~, So 4"V: 0 for f'~ .l\.Is,&I'ar,
    ..,)AL..'fSI~'. An e",erj'j b~\o..nc.~ ~ *"'-c. t'1(~
    0
    ~
    0
    0
    ~0-T \.(AP~),iS'fe'" T~e)9A'] -+ l~p,.dO'" + C~U)'4.s -\- (~)resistorJ
    o
    '- :)F-W
    or

    fO.r ~ p'6+On
    (~PE )p,s~",::: \'\'\~(Zl,-ZI)
    for ~ s'1.s~"'" c..O""hS-h·"'~ 1> frG"e~-~"iW'\j PIStov\ (4lu~fiCiV\ 'f) (J..-..). ~~S) -ft....t
    t'\a..k ~ 0.--1<: "" ~ SVIM~ ~ ~ (..1v-,' e.-l <..u o~ a,t\d. -f'1t- wo,..1::. dol'\c- a:;f
    -t't..... ~r '1-\'1-t fls:hn v.::. tL.'spl( cA~ ~ S'<.i.('Yl)"..,dA'''j lA.~tPAA.~:
    w=- We\~d + S(a;~ Ap.'sb\)c:lz.
    'Za-,
    ~ W :: 'Weled -\- (fA~ API'r~)&J(Z~ -'Z.,)
    :&.
    ~ru.J.jl

    '" 'd (2,-" ) + ~U")~ .... = -lWel',* .. CP..-t.. ...,.>Io.)(2."- -z.)J


    (~U}9Q.S ::. -Wde.e- - ~(),"""",Ap,~.&-o",\ (T;'l.-6 t ) - W\<j C~1.-'l::.,)
    -
    -
    _(_S8""",)-{I«('1~~)(l1.,~,)(,+~)\1
    \"\
    Q~ b \-«(oOOl~)(~~)\\11~
    '1i ~l ~
    S+\.\l~1
    ~

    :: l. q~ ~i-u.. <. ~U
    KNOWN: A "-",own tu~~tifl.j of air lA.,ltie.C1ce s 0.. p roces« IVI ~ verhca!
    p. IsfDYl- CA.i I,,, de,- a 55 e.m ~J &.f. The. 'Hi fjl).{ QY\ J flblaf volcA.m(s 4r'e 9 .iten, tJ. Jile.(
    ,.ke. ChQ~C. ,"'\ s?ec(~\c. \"'~et"V\..~l e~e"3Y l~ ~~e.C( ~\ed..
    n
    EI Nl> : DeferwlI e fke he... <Xl- ;- ret V\ s{:. e i" ~
    t:tl-V" ::. 100 Ie. Pc...
    rYlpi*:: 5D~
    AS5UtVlPTlOWS ~ (I) The o.tr is a. clo~-eJ A pj~t = 0.01 "",2-
    59 sfe m . (z.) K,we.ft·" (J, tit:!. pof-eVl+ia.(
    eraertjtJ effecfs ttrc Vle..q{i.9 il,/e .for : 'W\¢lt' a 5 ~ a O.OOS~
    +f,.t.e ttw· (3) Tttere. is 110 rri cftOtl I
    V, : 5L = 0.005 M 3
    betwee« fue pisk>ll &4.Jo\d fWl etj/lilJd-er x: AIR ~
    ural], (~J 'The. "Eroce~s .()CGurs sJo"!J/~ l'
    3
    V,.::O.002 m
    LVt#t 110 a.ce~(e,~(),fl()11\ of fJ.rL p'S~. '- - - - - - .. --
    6u. -::. - 2,(gO k:r{«.~
    (5) The a.cc.eler-a.fioll\ of 9ra.vi.Jrj is
    cemsraKt, B = q .!>I w,/sa.
    !N.41tYS'~: for &e. pistclI\ J ~ Fx.:: o. Thus J if p is tke pressu.,.~ exer+e~ be;
    ~ectw

    PatmAp,st pAP;6t = P{,t.fywA-pi st t' Mpist 9

    IN
    I Iuj·M[S
    = k.Pa...
    IttCf.OS

    TO fl~ ot tke ('(')Of"k. for tke P'focess oJ use E.i · 2./7. Noh""'j +/.ta.1 fWz. fr"t'SSUYe.
    I S COlt SfCut t
    Y2,
    vv :: j ptlV e, p'V?:·V,)
    V,
    ~J"
    3
    '0 tJl"""1 I
    =. (J"t1,05 le.Pc..)(tJ.oo 2 -D.005)...,3
    l I~ p~ fD3 N· WI
    ~ - O~l.{~7 kJ .
    o 0
    Now,; the. eVle,r8~ l?alCf.~u. r.edAJ.ces.Jo ll;£ f~ +4t.r ::.Q - W. -rh.u~ W·ltlA J

    AU = WId''''' Au...
    Q. ': 1N\().\r 6v.. Jr-W -:. tatoos \Uj)(-"2.<OO~)+ (-O.4~1 k~)
    Q
    a. :. - l.l '-(1 ..
    ~-------------~
    'P~08LE "" ~ 'T D

    ¥-Now.., ~ A ~Q.~ ",,"""'-ev-s0e.l 0.. p~oc.cu j", t> "1~-kM. -Vij lt~c.(eY 'us e.rIi'hllj. 'The.
    ?\.s~ L~ C:OV\S+~\\I\~ .b~ ~S.p~\~~ w'd~ ~ l~\,\~",V' ..(Oy'c _oll.spl"c&~t&4t W"QlcthiM..
    E 'Nt> ~ 1)e.-+~M\"e. <-Co) ~ .\"'\~ i~l f'l"~SSU.f.( ~~~.( ~~S ) ~b) ~\w. "'""o'l"k cl.~
    b'j ~ ~c..\ 0'1\ +\4t" ~\.~+o~ ) 0.""'(( ~c.) the. ~w.* -\va.\\S~'f'",
    SC.l*6~'T\C. 4 Ct-\"E.U nM,Af".
    PIlm - 1 bar
    2
    Apist - 0,0078 m
    mpist - 10 kg

    A$SUMPTION<.? ~ (I) The. ~C4S 'IS 0... )C1.~O.Ofo~-


    (.lo~~J s';i~tt.~'.(z..) "f\Aeotc. i$ ~o fvit.1\o~
    ~twe~", ~e. ~\')to"" Oo.V'o6.. c.'jhne.\~Y"
    w,,~L I.. ~) ~e. '? ~E><.e\') 0 cc.\,,\,Y"S :> \ow~'1
    "',- 0- r------------,
    I Gas I

    w\~ '1\0 Cl.c.c.e.\eY"Q.+La""- of +w. IL mga. - 0,5 III ~

    ~:C\.gl flI\lsZ.
    f\~+-o", . (lot) 1\\e. c:a.c.c.~ \~ ~Q,t-i.0'v\, o-t
    ~ya\li. ~ i~ <"<n\.~+(.A.v ..:t. <..5) KI~e.+-\c.
    fort....
    ~I
    ,4.tI/CQ'It:,
    =2..10
    Q,lII.ll.f~ev.+\Ol.\ Q.~'j ~~e.c~ are. U2,.= 3u·r;.~I~J
    ~~" \~\~\<Z.. .
    AN"L.'(S\~: (Do) -r...... -h,,"y) tIN> S'pl"'iV\~ e)(.~",*.t VI.o fot"cc- 0'"" ike. pi:+on 1 w\"\""c,k v.i td
    '(t'.1t.. ThMS} (.ol·~ ~~rv ..... pf'Olt' '2.. -tk.J. force. ~~r~d b'i:) -f"1-, 4'\S ~ +'--A- e
    bot\o~ of +k~ p,',tfon _"",o.ls -fv... p,sh1l'l W~;k+ pIuS +f,... -tor""ce. 0 +t...t ~t1M.bspl1~le +
    ClC.~lI\j 011\ -t""'" fo p d f -tN P I·S+oIl1. Th£+ is

    P«htt Apist + ~~'::o ~ Psa-s Api't :: (~I'~t ~ ') + P~iooo Api~ t

    I 1
    Y"Ip1ct't

    f -
    P~AS A-piJ~
    .. f.94S
    j.rCl.... )(-:.0 +0 X::'O,O"\M.,j +~ 'S/H'll"Ij force:. G.c.:t~. Tlo.e"'J w;~"
    a. S$II"'1 l' h'l'\O? ~ ",-",c:I ~,) ~ 1="x '= o reAd..!'
    P,4J ApiSt -:. (~,.,St~) .... P~t ... Arltt ~ Fspr""':1
    ;:: (\"i\'I1'I:.<t) -+ ~+- ApIIS'l-+- J<.)(

    T"'-t I,urlc <icl'\e b'3' -tk..t 5'tS OV\. ;:,k:q;. p;sfo", ~ jive", b,
    f
    ~'3. )l.~
    W=- (P94SAr"t.)cl>'
    X,
    : S
    ~
    lp.,iwoArlSt +~p,'t3+l<'){J~

    r
    = Ll?..~ ~,rl. -to Mfllrl. ~ J x + ~'l.
    ]0,0'
    0
    . . IN
    :: (~OS~1..)(~.8)((Ol't111'l.) + ~OIC~)(CV'I~)\HC"'~/.sl.IJ (o.Ob_)
    + ~'/.1\)3 ~ j( (p.o:W\)1..)

    =l ~80 t-J -l- qS,\ N](O.~~) + llo.'2.tJ.M =- b8.itttJ·~

    :: 1
    ba.~t-3·~ \ I~~ = b8.ect~ olIII!-Ea-..,..--------w
    (i::)"T"'-'i ell\"Q,r~ bA/A-rlCA.. fo.r +~ S'-(.si-f"""" c..OMrlsf,''''j ~ 'AS' r~~-h> Df
    ~\J':;; Q -"VV. Tke"l \JJ;fl-o, ~\J"'=~Ad Ul.- lA,)
    U< ':" M':icu{LL\-tl,) + W ~ ($<. =<..o.'5~)(335-2.fO)~ "'" foS.eoa:r ::.13/:~~J-:J

    ~-10
    oj(
    1JfZ0 e L€1\4 z.'7 I
    k.N0fl..!tJ: A 'S'1s+~W\ lA/I\der~oe.s (J.. c~d~ c.o'¥tsi.s·hi,,<J of .Jt,u.v- pocesseJ L'lA
    SUle.S.
    EJ1JJ). : (tAl •eOr\1Ol~+e. &. +o},f-e ef elite~y VtJ.'(A~j -fcr" ~ CLJcL.) ~ tkJ)
    ol.e.fe.,uw,,~Q. whe.t1Ae.r +lA(. CA.jeA~ i1" (A. rowe.,.- c<jc(e. or 0.. r-efr;~r"a.fl<nt ~c1e.
    "cl-t6MA11' 8 CellieN VA rAo :

    , Process ~u Q W
    1-2 ~OO C -(000
    2-3 0. d - l '?>OO
    3-4 -100 0 e.
    4-1 b soo 100
    ".SSUMPrtONS: (~) Ike ,s'J,SteWl is ec. cLosed ~'j$}e.t1'\"(b) 1-<1'iAe+ic a;v..J. po+e.1I\-k"(l(
    e.\I\~"~'1 e«Q.e;fs tlt"" ~ V\~ le.cl~~"
    A-uM.'{SlS~ <.0.) Ee.'3'''''~\~ w,~ ~Q.. ~,oce.ss 4-1
    b • ~ U ':.- Q. - \AI ~ 6 U -=- So 0 -., 0 0 = -:2. 00 ::i:V' b:. -" 0 0
    tv ow , ?o (~e. c.'(clt. t ~(6U):=' O. Thu.~
    c\.. 0.. + (000 + (-lOO~+ (-1.00) -:::. 0 ~ 0.. ':., 300
    ~U':...Q-W
    ~. (QoO:' c,-(-CDoo) 2:) c > 0

    c1. ~OO:. (-r3.o o) -:'/ cA -:: - (000


    cl -
    e. :. ,00 )
    a. -100 -.: 0 - e =-"-;>

    l.b) l= () t" +~e.. c'(c te,


    Wc'(c,\e, ~ W I 1,. '" + W\\.( "'" Wc'(l
    Wl.,"!>

    -:. (-Cooo) +( -r!>oo) + (100) +- (100)

    <D :.-500
    S'",-c..t.. ""c::."c:,(e. c: 0 ( the. c~ole.. vs 0.... re...c",\~erp,"-lO""
    c'-(cle..

    L ~ o e +~e.. c "(C, leo I V\. o.(..a. {.- ~~

    Q C\(C, leo ':. Q \"l. +- Q'L> +- Q~", + Q tot l


    -=- (0) + (-lOOO) ~(o) -{- ('5"00) -::. -soo

    T\,.u..~ Q c'( til e, -e, lA/c.y d e, o..s.. e, \< ~ e c. ~ "-ot..


    PR o~LeM 2.'2·
    Kl-JowN~ A ">y~ ... ~ lA """,cle.r~o e.s 0.. ~e r ~C)cl'(If\"..QlM Ie. c,y"Ce.. COV\.$l ~,-, ~ o~
    ~ov..t'" ~roc.e~se., '''W'\. ~er\e>.

    F 'tvD~ Co-'~\'f,~c.. ~~+CA.b\t. of.. eV\t."J"l vo..l\Aoe.s~nJ"\.cAe.cA ~rt~e ,,'(de.. (J..,.J


    clt.\-tC"W\~"\t, (N~~~f" ~e. ''lc.lt..lS CA. ~6Wtr- c'{Gle. or 0.. ,e~t"'~trtJ-,o"" G'(cCe.-.
    s.c.t~6't'\A-Tl(" 0(.. Got Vf:tv CA-T A-~

    Process ~u ~KE ~PE ss Q W

    1-2 72 -5 ~6 G( 0 oJ
    2-3 64 0 Co e 90 k
    3-4 -97 b 0 ~ ~ 92
    4-1 CA. 0 3 9
    I

    .A 0

    A-~AL 'lS IS ~ ~ot' 0.. t'{C.\~1 ~e. o"erQ,H c"'-a."'1t. \N\ f.," e "'1 ~ ror e. t" ~ v-.lv.e...
    i~ c e,.r"O.

    0.. ~lou) ,:0 .. ,":t . . . cP"( -,\,",-0.. ':.. 0


    ....:., 0... -::. - ~ '\

    b. £.. (6l<.e) ':. 0 ~ -$ +0 ~6 0 .... ="'/


    +0 -:.. b·-:. S-
    c. z.. (6PE}:'O~ -to +- c, +- o+-~ ~ 0 -:.'/ c '=- "!>
    6 E ': au + 0 ~E "'6 Pt= ~
    d. d:.'~'-S-~ =/ c1. -:::. (0 l
    e. e, ~ CDC-{ ~O ~c. --:') e, -.: ~ 1

    ~. ~::. -'tl "- b +-0 =-, f.~-ct:t

    9. ~ -:. 0... .... 0 ~ S -=-/ ~ ': -"1(0


    6c -::.. Q - W I.

    ~. of~ ~- ~ ,-,,-=-o
    • Q-:. A-O .A. :. -~(o
    »: ~
    J. cl=. 0-.1 J - -~l
    lIP': ClO-l<. k, ':. :t 5
    "~" '-

    F Or' {-~-t. eve. r~l\ c,'{e.Ae I w"'fcle.. ~ Q e.'{c"le...


    W c.'Cc, le.. ~ -CD l ~ ""2.. ~ y C\ ~ "'- 0 :::-.. S l.\ ~ c.~ c.c..k.s ~ e, a. bo\! eo.
    . c..o..le.\A \.0•..\.. i..o-S. 4-l.,o,
    Q,c.'(c"le. ":. 0 +- q 0 1- 0 - ~(o ~ ~ ~ lI\.()t~ +~+ i. (6G)~ 0
    ~\"",c.(. Wc,\(c,l(. '> 0 ( K~ c.,,£c...l~ -s 0.. \?()we.r c\(c.le......

    A-7Z
    P12081,€M 2.-'13
    ILNDWIJ.: A- ~a.s ul>1~e.Y-~oes 0. -l-1A~V'MO~'jV\ec~lc. G\jc.fe c.ot\su+'",-,
    ,f -H..raprocesses.
    E nvp: ,])~4-eY'ntl'i.1e ¥\.e. ~ec<.t -h"all-skr AMJ WDyk. W pro~~ 2 -3) a\l\d WkG-+ke('
    t~e. c~ de i ~ o: a><>we¥" Ufc(e. Of' 0... rewi,~retfltTll\ c'fc.le.
    SCHeMA-DC 14\VEN DA1"A~ The -totloUJI""'9 d~1a. a.,~ ~Iile"" toreaclA. pt"ocess:
    Proc.e->s 1-2: COM rf'leSs I ~ wi.,.", pV:: COAst.
    D~I ktv· V ~J.(,d~3 to Vz :. O. 2 ..., 3 -----,
    " .) I
    U.,.-U', =0 ad~S 'h~
    Proce't; s 2- ~: Ccmsta.vr. +p"essuv~ fo ~:r. \I,
    I
    '-
    ,
    '
    Pr.ecess 3 -,: Co1'ISfr.u1 t voluwe. J V;" U J :: - 3S'CfCf IcJ
    ~M.eTLDN.s~ (') I~e ~as is c, c.losed 5CJ~J.eW\ . (2) AJe,J~cf k.,uetIG aKd
    rofeqt/a.l enery~ tdtAk,es .(3) 7ke U1Wfr~s~tO")1~ s-/¥tk. J +0 2.. is c... poJ;J -
    -Ir0i"c procee«.

    A-AJA-L'1SIS: To f(~d -1U work ~ PrDce~ 2-3> USe ~. 2. /7.1 wi.f~ cmc..sfr:w..T
    f~~U~ ~ I
    J
    »J2. 3 = v. 1P d V := ~L
    (V3 - V2, )
    '&

    ~:1-H<e p~ V rela,+icM rvr (JYOC~S


    L_
    (-2;
    V
    p2.:: (v;.) P, ::: S b~. IIut S J wlfh
    .

    3 - I
    W'23 :. (B bCfK'r. )(1." .. D. 2)Yh31/0S tJ/~-a.11
    . I pcu·
    I
    \ k'J
    J
    10 N· ~
    I ~ 1/20 k:r4-~_~vJ.=z.J
    "'"
    Ihe eYlev-q fj ba.(CtMc~ ~ p(oc.es~ Z.... 3 f'.e.~c.es to
    Q"Z.~ :. lv3 - V~)+ W'2. 3
    To ,~t V.-U. J nofe -Hto:f. .for -tk ~ J AUJ~"o. -n...u.s
    (~).j- (UiU~) +-CU ,-D.) =0 4> (o.-U.)"- - to,-"U 3) " 3:NIJ,.:r
    FIVtte.£ lj ) fur ,!,oee,s 2... 3
    ~7.'3 -= (35«'1 ~Jj+("2.D k~) ::. Lf""~ ~J'~< .........;.....
    }J(,>rl;/.fer f,ocet;s l-Z ~ KO ==0 J so ~1'2.==W /'3. • Us I ~j ~. 2./7

    Q....=WI" " (~tAV . P,v. 1M ~ = (IJ(I.&) ~(~:~) I;~:I =-m.7 i r


    AV104 , .f<rr !r'0ce9S 3-£ : W3 J = 0 } a.~ ()3' = V; ~V3 :: - ~ SClq k.1. CoHecJi'&i\j
    VAr,O~ r~swts 0

    W~ =WI W~ 3 +)I!;l =0 332. 7ft(, I '2.D) ;:: +787- 3 1cJ'"


    '2..,..

    Sauce. ""~cI< )O} ~ ~ ts o: ~oWet" CAJc.fe..

    ).-73
    P l2.oBLE M. 2. T 4
    lc.tvowlV: A 54S

    -l-\i-...y'C'e. rfO'-2S,..e1'·

    'FIND: S k~+c~ ~ c.,c:..4 01'\ c... p-v c:'L'A.., ....A """". CA.lc ..... lo..t.... W<:'/c..L; Q7..3) OSI)

    Q ... c! deieV"~N. <..t.l~-+£...a..r ;-t- C7cA... ~ ca-. fOt..o-er: or'" r<.r-",-er"h'<n-1, Cyc..J....f..

    j-- --I
    I 1
    I :JQ,t I
    L I
    pV =- C.OI"\S~O\.t
    1-2'. V:. o. 02..8 w.'!,) V'z.-Uj' -:. 2.CD.4\C.J
    Z- 3: pV ~ C.4M~~ .... +) "'t.r3 ::: "'U"'2...
    '3-1: r -:. (.4 bM J W S I ':: -10 . .5 k:r '-----------~3

    ------------v
    ASSUMPltOt-)S: I· l l v jA,s t.O -t'- c.1,,~o sys+C"",. 2.. FO.... -tt- r''1s-k ....., LJl<E =-£::lP£'
    -= o . '1. V" Iv\M e c"-~<r ~ f1.u. 01'1''1 wo'" l:. P\Aec:lE, ,

    A~AL.'rS'S: (10) WC'fde ~ W1l. '* Wl.-' -+ Vvs I . S. ""c...a.. VGJlvW\~"'::' c.eJV\sfA,lId At'\ 6
    VO{vfM~ c~""~..; +~ 0"'- 11_ I_.HI ~k;. \I\-4.Ou, J W It. ~ O. co f, .... d ,.,V1.~
    \J3 \1"3
    W1.'!':- SpaV: S ~ dV- ~ C~~ -:: P~V~J-.~ )"Vi:~
    \Ii. ~
    \0 ~"4(u",+~ V3 'Vi
    \N3\::' rr d V:. p ( V7 -\Ii) ~ V3::. v--; - \)V'll / P
    \1"3
    V~= O.02.B'\M-
    3_
    (-/O.C;;\c:-\I) \~ \\'01 N·"'" \ -=. o.lo~ \oVI3
    (,l.4 'oAor) Lo'r'1Jltt'll. l ~J

    ~'! -:.. (\.4~v- )/ ~


    ' OS'lJ /Il4 2.! (
    0
    .lO?'W.'\) ~(~)
    O·()1.t>
    I \\c.::J'
    IO!fJ.ttA
    J ~ IB.T8lcJ
    _--------:W:.;.,c.yele
    x'
    o + t 8.1-8 -to C_(0; !" J::: ? 2..c9 tC :r. -rc"'--~.t: 'J cL. "" o; rower
    W co '"t c.Lt ::. Q () 't(J <J-Jt •

    (c.) A.... .('I'\~""jl 10&<./11."''-' frv 'Z.-~ ~il/"fA ~1.1: ?+0 ~::. Q't.3- \.).1<.3 -=)Q~1-:.1N'13 l~"U
    (d) To evDo("'o.~ Qat h~j"" t.A.Il't'" .:1", e",er"'J)" k>e..(411C.e.. fo,~-(l1er ~t'f·l .... e ss vvv-p"'",,z.

    U. - U3 ~ ~S\ - W3( -=0 (Q 3 l -= (j;-, - t r3 ) -+ UJ'3 I .


    S 'fttA +f-4(~ .;. 1"\..0 0 ~All ~~ L.v\ tM. ~1'\.....1 e "" e v: '1 f""-' --f"'t- c.'( c.J-..A.. I 2: (6o-) =0
    C-CJ\. - u c) + ( \J1 - '"t..J2, J+ <'"U'I - '"t.Tj ') =- 0 ::,
    WI--U1)::. _'-G.. 4- - ((.)) ::. -'Z..Go·4#:-::J

    d2 "3 I : ( _ 2.c. .4-) -+ (-£ O. r ) =- 3 G:,.'1 'l4J 6-tt-----

    ).-141
    PR06LEk 2. 15

    KNOwN: A do~J. s~st!.Y'¥\ u,~tA.e.V'~oes C\,. 9de (.OVl~\&t~V\j ot --\\ve.e. processes.


    FiNO: Sl<e.\"c-k t\1e. ~cle ()V\ (). f-V~\~Y'''-1\'\ o..~t:1 ('A.~u.~ec.·h~. -\-ke.- ",,~t
    for +\\.~ c'1 de <X. V\.~ 1t\e ~ecA.t *d.
    ~s ~ e.r ~1"" f recess 2. - 3 .
    W01"t

    SClfct-{A-TLL ci (z\VE-tJ PkTA: "~e. .(:ollDLOi",S Glcc.-ht Q.n!. ~\veV\ for ec.c.c!A proceS's~
    Precess \-"2..: o..ck.\'C<,'ocd.. Lc. (PMe~eS~LO'\'\ w,H'\ fN \.~ (.Ofi,t:
    f~ y\ ~ So \bH(I\~ J V\::.3 ++3 -\-0 '\j7..: 1 ~",3
    Precess 2-3: c..o~+a",-t. volu..V\I\e.
    Process 3-1: COt1.S\-o.I~:1: pyessu"v-e lUI. -V"3 -: «ilP.' B\u..
    A-~S UMP TlON5: (l) ~e. S'i\'\-e.M is. clE>~d.: lz.) l< \l'\ e.t~", o..\'\cA vo~e.V\+iQ. \ e. \'\e..~'1
    e.Ueck CA.Y'e. Y\e.'jli~llole.(3) i'("oc.e~~ 1-1. (S yol\1tro~lC..
    AtVAL'/51 ~ : ~J ~h~ce.. l'C'"oc.e~~ 1-'2.. is o, ?O~ h-cr\c. ~'M.fress\0"", ll-t~ f-V c.l1£tjYO..Y\A
    -tt>~ the OJ de. '\S

    \(

    (b) Use E.«.2.\'1 -\-0 eVA.llo\.~tc. ~e wO'tk .(o~ 6>-roc.e'i~ I-'Z.


    \N l'L. ::.
    V..
    f
    fa v = Con-st.
    ~ SV'L
    1&. (v -. &i ,,-. 'f )
    V 1."1 = f\ V, • '20 - ,

    '&
    VI

    \\1\ L
    "I l.f)
    <eo ~b:)(3 ~.P),·tt f Q H:Jf''''_ (sB3)-.ctllllf'i '''~II
    <._. &i) :J
    ( -.

    I g~
    I .f.4-~ 1,S-R-· 1bf
    I
    :. - 38,3 6~
    Fo\(' Vt'ocess '2. - '3 '. W'LI Co 0 I vI

    F\L.\CA. ll1 ) -\0\1" ~~~S 3-1 use, ~%. a.vr : W!.\ ~ ~ ?AV ::. 1\ (V .-vi )

    W
    3,
    ::.~o ~)('3-l)-t+31\q4
    \ '"
    \\'\?'II
    l +t ~
    ~38'ru.f·
    11 S '("t - \ 10
    =+18.s, Bk.a..
    -rbs w~ e\e. ~ W '"1. -t- \\)2.3 -t' W l \ = -lq. '1 q e-\-u. o<t<l----------=a==...
    (c..) rot" .(.\\'Q. e>"~'C'tA.\'l ~c.l4!. Q ~el... :. W<:.~c.lc..
    ;;t:~-\-~'Z.~ -+ Q'3\ ':. \N ~ele.
    Q -z. ~ =. " " ~ c.\ e, - Q.~ \
    For 1'f'oc.e':;S '3-l ~ 61(,E.thPE.+ ('0'.-'-'3)': Q.3'-W)\ => Q~I=.U\-"U~tW3l
    ~~, :. L\.~.'1 + lB.SI :. +65. Z.l S+u..

    ~'2.~ :. W~t.\e. - Q.~, = -\'\.1'1 -CoS.2( :. - 85 B~~-&- _

    A,-7S
    Qi" ': 5" 0 l<:.:r
    --+r~ Wc..~de

    ~ = W e..t;ld~ ;lI Q ,"", "Q,,,,,t _, QO&4.t


    Q,"", Q,.", - - Q;""
    r=-==-f=-=-:':;-.I Q"\\1\
    W~cle.
    50"'1 -s ..for Q,"",
    QoC(.t l{ 0
    ____~ _ QOCA.t ::, L{ 0 f\I1:r Qi\f\ :. ::. I

    1- \It (I - "~>5")
    '1. =O..~S : ~ t, 54 ~:r<' Q'"r
    Thus
    W~c:lc- ~ lit. Q,.", =(.'?> 5)( Co (. CSt{)
    = ~1.Sl.{ MJ'"< w'$~

    Wc-edA: «.(000 80M.


    n=-- --- &0""* : 2000 ~
    I I
    I WCyCl<, E ~e(',y 'BA.lQ.~o: \.U Col1c:lJ. ~ (b <« cJ-t.
    I~ I ::. en ..'" - Q) ol.od
    '- - - __I
    :i:) Q.i~~ Luc'{c..L.4CQo~
    ~ 4000 + <looo
    ~ l ~/OOO ~+u.
    '" ~ \.JJ4y~ _ 4 000 'B~I..\ (. 0/) ~
    I &i~ - [':2.,000 Bl-v.. ::. 0.33 "3> ~ {OJ --~
    .......
    PROP.JLEM 2."1Q

    ~VI~vqy betta-lACe.: W~c.l.e. : Ql~ - ~()fA:t


    ~l~ = WUIfle. +QOtA.t
    = 800 + 1000 = z.hQo 0,,"-
    ~- Q.OU,T: 1800 6~ It:::. ~ ~e-\e :. e>DO
    Qi"" ~OO

    :. O.?oB (30.Bl>k).. l\.

    'Peo8L'EM 2· 80
    k:NOWt-.)·. 0 P"V'""~''''j dc.f-.... 0.(<:. provid ed -F:rr o: ,., 0 u.Je-r" C-"[ cL.st .
    ~: 1>~~"""'lI\e t'-- ...-......:t rQ.-k. pOure.." I'S c!~Vi!{0t'~") +t-..A. nef U/Cl...-l<.
    o ....... r"'* A.",., V " It,\) tl. ....d +li...t. v~ \, ~ ""-t..A- !.UClrJo:;. I ~ it IJeo..r.

    ~Cl-\tMATlC

    ~I
    ---+~

    . YL:= 33.3%,
    --I+----l~wc..,cJ.t
    I
    <:»

    ASS'lIMP"oAlt : I. Th~ $''t~ ff """ jO.~ .a-.,o.-er- (.., c..L.c. . z.. T"'- ty de
    V 1'\ cl e r 0p-ell'"" -/4.s s-leA.~·/'t ..for
    800 0 h al\"v..II't.~.~ V411.l.~ 0+ ~k(' net Wort:. e.O # 0.08 /J(.'W. h-

    AN Pi L.'nlS: (£) To ~ ~eV'''-' "'- W"1c.l~


    ~= ~C'tc.l~ ~ WCO'tdoA:=' 'Y\cQ,,,, ~ (g.~~31("iOOMW)~ qCi·'l MW
    Q,,,,
    Lb) wif",- a.sr"..... p'""Ul'\- 't.

    Wc'{c.\e ~ (qq.~ M VV) \

    .
    #
    oP--t"o.+-·~ dc..+r:... (V~ proVc·d.!ld -W eo. ~ower C:Jc.le..
    ·'Dei-w-......... ·lo'\.t) ~ 1//ljeAI') +e...... "'All.A~ i ~ p0l#Ver 1t'""er~ci ~ ·Hu c.S+'b ~,;, .

    ~
    ,
    cw,,,

    I
    I
    JI _

    ASS'lJ\'lIIP"IOt.1~: I· T~ "''1~-4-e~ U"'~~rj"-4'S ~ +~~t"I\oo-O~~IA••'.4'c cyc..J..t. . 2 T""-f l'()~


    C''1~ "p~o.+eS S~c:L.. ll f.v- 8000 h p.... ~" 3. € ('elY,"",+; ~ VA I 1A.e d e...:t-
    ,$ 0·081 I'-W' h. eo..... ..l 0. \~ -t 1/. 4. Sb T G. 7f
    A~AL.""SIS: (Il) Us ..",,:) as.rl,.... \l-h"""" "2,3
    .

    ltOO MW )\~ ) (110" ~ ) ( .4 0.08 \ =- Hf'I(O~/,?r -4 .#eledricl!t


    I"iW ~,. \ 'f;'W.l'\ )

    . ,
    M\V: 285.'1 M W
    W.r'fdA ~ cD 11'\:' W~ytJ.A. ': (00
    o"~~
    ~i~ 't ..

    JJ :: (285.1 M w).1 ,&:3"l5. ) \ ~\ (8 ~) (# 4,,~"'D) -= II "31 00 0 'X lOr. /4..ur ~ ../IQ,~


    'ifQ,.. ~ M lo?J h.. '<1-(
    W 6 ~ (J ..

    {. Ns rs ~II\ o~n~+;\I\J (..(loSt.. ~'-ho""~ operA-h'V\j e.tJsfs i"'c.tud~ +-N. C0SC


    ~r -t~e. p{(ttd: 1 C- C~i+,J cosi.

    PRoBLEM 2·82..
    (4) lPlr\cl.c...v all" COIi\.(:L.~:h"OVler.
    cote!.loocly Qr-IIIt'OVlW\'''+ ;.,s.de. +""-- bvdd."Vlj served
    Vit>t body ~ olAotsicle el'\lfll"o",.,../?",t

    k* looOy: c..ooIA"+ c,rCA.\.IA-+td -+~CI\S" i~ (\.A.ACtol"" UlV'e.


    celd. b~ ~I : seA. WA" e V'

    (c;) 6rov>\~ ~lA.rc.'" he, f- pVIMf.


    hOT Ioody: e",,,,rOIl\~f'\I\t i",sidA;t...A.. bv ..lcL.c'\I\1 ~-eW"I/"tJ
    ~ Ie! le1I c:l'1; Cj r' \I .,. c:l

    .2-78
    nea-t
    +mttsfe:,.
    ~~.=.I -==..I..-.-_-.J..::=====s;.;-==':=il titsvtY\enOA/: Cn1LUe ()peraks J
    ---v' I sfea.tJ..tj sftde.
    I
    I
    Automobile Engine I
    Drive H--'--1~1
    shaft

    Exhaust I
    gas out I
    <}-- tri------
    ,4n e.n~Li1e o~n:.t+ln" a.f s+eQtl~ s.f.a.fe nt<~ cantlVluouS ilo~ of fuel and
    air In as well as eKheutsrEa.s o(.(.t. It alSD develo,s o: s+etuL~ power CUfpLLt.
    AlfhoWfh the 0Pf;mfLall\ of (lvt e1t~/"i1e ~oes noi: Cl)J-tform -fO fl4e s+rtc.t
    def, wf-f'toYl &f Cc. +£'e,..rno&~n((rniG c.~cle J there ar~ SIMi Itlrt"+I'es beiweer.
    C< tt en~/ne. tU1e-l tL powev coele a.s nlu.~tnt+ed scl1ema.tiClllly i", Fij . .2. 15 ( (:\ ) .
    SpeC;TI'ulL'j) WL C4.Yl -rltt iWK of -ri\L hot tJa.res formed dun IIlj c.omh(..(sftot\
    Q~ plA-fj "1119 ti1e. role of f1A.e. ttof 100d'1, 0W\d -tf,.tQ, surro(,(.l'\dlh,S, whic~
    ;~~ro.ct wi+t-. -r14'!. e~,VJe. f"',rofAtJh "'eetf 1m-Ylr#er 1A.t\.4 +hedl.sckOl".~e cI
    hof ~xk(J...(,(.Sr 8a.s 1 caNt be v(ew~ (is +k(l C.c>ltl ho~.

    PROBLeM z, Bit ~

    (2) Q,~
    J - \ ::: wC.l;fc.l~
    I
    I W ~cle:: Q our- Q illl
    1_- _ Q\iA ~ Qowt' -W~ete
    = J."(oo-~oo
    :: ,~oo '3..(..v..
    ~l.POO
    ~ = cgoo:" J..O E:-~---~
    (j"", QI~
    ~ -=. 'N<'1e\E.. :: Qou.t -Q,«-\
    - - I Qeut :: Sao Ic.:r $'o\\/L ~V1 -\or Q\ VI
    I

    ~ I ~~~
    I I Wc.c..d-e.
    :
    -- -
    I --.
    ~= {.s Q,,," Qo,,*

    =(S" 0 0 ) ~ ~~~. s) :: 30 0 k:r<: Q t"


    W~c.\c:. -
    ::: ~oo k:r..
    ~ ~

    S, "'ce -\-tAe. ~~ doe 0 reV'~4es U>Yl+\lAtAOtlSllj

    (--
    I
    -- I.
    ~::~
    I 'W~cle
    I I • W~e. = Q.'IA/~
    I I Q.\IA:' 12 l'3.)u/k
    1000 :. 1'2.000/2.6
    ~ =2,(P = 11 (,15 Sh4,1 ~ 4ir~----....,,~~
    WtudJ,:: 4/015 B~/'''l
    -,--
    I \.\r
    .Js'tS 8kf/~
    I
    :'L.BJ3lttr~ W("3 el('
    (, l-\f)

    I. Uj cles cfenvH ~ co Vt+i'"UOLc.S\«j a,Ye. LOV\'\ ~O)\~ "l6e.A fo-r $flUe U>o( t~ •

    ,2-80
    'Peo8 LE t-'\ 2· g r
    I<tVoUJty: Opera~'""j ~--t-..... CA.I"~ provI'cled fOr Q.. ~ fV1'V-f'
    F 1f.JI) '. De ler 1M..< "'-0 f I-..e VIe -f- p o W e yo ~ v I rt ~ ~ 0 P e.r'A. -k -r~ ~ f v IY-f
    Q.1'\c:l. :+s. ~","'J."1 C0.r t ,

    AS~UMPTIOlVt: I T~sy~l-c""" Ui'\~~~ ..... ~ pvvvp c'tc.J..J... 2· T'- e<.rc.J..A.


    Opq('4+E'! s j-e ... di1l for "2.00 h ""'-01'I"~~ 3. E/pc.Iv.c..'~ ...; Vl'dyeJct..i ¥ a.oe/leW'I,.

    AIo.)AL.~SI~·, (0) T'- c.oef+''''·.lI\t of P~("fol"lAAA."'c...t -fe...- ~ ~ r V""r' c.;

    t>~o8Le-~ 2,88
    t::. ~ow""' 0PA-C'4,·k r\j ~ ~ +-- ll'-r~ 'Pro~i cl...t <:l .f.v.
    '. A.. kt~+ pvw..p.
    ~; l)~4e.,..., ..,.",,-E'.f'-t c..~ff.·c..iev.A 0 perfoVy1;\fI. ...u.. Ol'\.q -f'~ ~11.-fA.I'l c...orf
    -fo op"". ok -t~ t.-... -.:t pv~.
    SC.l-\iMI\1"C ~ G.1""=U 1:>1'\7)1:

    \N ('telA -:. T.8~


    diov..t: bOJOOO'B-ho./k.

    AS;SUf\I\ PT(O~ ~~ f' -n- s yS~_u",~? e.s ~ ~A..t PIJW-P Cy c..J..J. '2. ru: c 'l c..l.t..
    ~~V'A.~':. S+U~'/1 fv '-eO to, ~+~/7' 3. EH~dYl·c.d, ~ Valued M- 1I 0·oe/ICw·h
    A~~(..'t'S'Ic:.: (A.)"'T~ c:..o~~·CA·-(..J -f P ~fo,/~I'\U- ~ eo... ~ pu,." ~

    l{: ~ov..;t- ~ <.:,o)ooo'Btt.-''''. = 3.02. 41 -{

    wC'tcA.o. (T.9~P) \ :z.S~!l.J"'}

    ;2-81
    PR.OI3LeM ;2. aq

    k:NOWN: ~('eYQ.+1~1 dak< ctr-e. ~ WetA .fOt- ()t- hoI.< ~~L1."fd re.h-i,.erQ:Ior:
    E!.MA: j)4fev'M,ue #te c.osf of ~-eKaf'~1 ~e r-e.fy;1~t'"o.l-6¥.(:or~~o t, f"lr
    MOYl-K1.

    SCHtAATIC $ G\ ve.1J :DM"A:

    e.olJ
    &," :: "00 f>kt/~
    ~ ~;l. 4
    .~~
    lOt .J.er:,.o,.)

    &,'" \,tot ~o~


    .(";-fclA~~\
    ~~ ~out
    +~-

    W~de. Ye.(.r~eraAt(M
    . k~~(~d~ .
    A$$()MPnot\J$ ~ (I) -(he. r-ewiSt,v.tttt-n\ (,.(nc.t Df~s as Q.. r,€f,.i'j~u·~~ Udcle.
    ~) -rte.e. et:tde 0rwa./e$ ~.f.eC(.tJ..d':l ~ .3100 Ii mo~+~'a1::1' 0) EJ.ecfvicl-4y is value4
    tbf- $ 0,013/ k.wl-t.
    A-wALYS'S: To defe.f~i~(f.. -l'ke elecfyLc. fOwer'" I iAre.tJ 1o~(iA £,Ui+tt fk,!-
    .e~(~SS (0)\ .for Cbe.(#1.c((l.4.l,f Df. ,ey.(anwx&1"e: t: tX,iA!W ur,te. Sol" H'\.1 .fi1r
    riAe. ~owev. _ ..
    W1d~ - ~I"'/~
    ': ( "c:>o 6kl/lt\
    .2 .q.
    I l I,w
    J ~ q 13 ~M!I ~
    I:: 0.0/32 k.W
    'f~e V\1.o\,\+Vi\cj co~t ra*e..) ~ J l's
    .
    $ =(0.0'132 te.W) (3bO h/MO"'~) (.f0,oB/~w.~) .
    CD :: t Z.lI 1t'\10M+f.\ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $
    C ERTHREE
    EVALUATING
    PROPERTIES
    PROBLE.M 3.)

    r T p ::: 8 (J II, Ill*, a.


    T -:. '31 .2 .07 of
    -1------+- 3/'1 "1"F
    two- ph~s~ l'fuc'et-
    'U7Jfor WI 1)( tu. r"e

    p T
    'P =- e>o If" F";' :L
    ---ll.----;-+-.-- L(00 OF
    T-=- 400°F
    -I--------Ilr---- 3'2.07 D F
    S"vp.e,.t'~ V'f0r

    T r=400oF
    p =-3"0 1~(."i-t2.
    3"0 111''''11. '100°F
    - )81./ Iblol. iI&'L
    slitlocoole.d (compresree(;
    I iffA.id
    $'Oo~
    V" 1.1"
    .~ " ,.,
    ~.~
    ~~
    P T .~
    "II "

    Sq.(g l\,fliK~
    ~

    3100F
    T=320°F
    .
    P e, '10 Ihf '"
    . , ~

    70 tD~'(t\ ~ sl.Afer~~eJ. vo.por


    ~
    <"o~
    .".. V"
    ,.,
    -« "
    ~(
    ~ ~
    T ..... T' :IoDF
    ~1' r =-1 'f. 7 I b~I"14 2-
    0 . ;o\loJ

    1~.1 ,.,",,"14'" - 10°F


    .030'
    IOCl~
    !It.
    \"
    1.1" V-

    3- I
    PR Of3LtM 3.2

    r -r p::. 5 btu
    r::. 151. <1 Dc.
    -/5/.'°(; fWo-phi(~e'ifUid-
    V¥0r ~jxnue

    ( bJ
    r T p =5 bar
    , : 2.00 °c
    5 u.perheetfed vapor-

    3-Z
    1000

    ~
    N
    c:: 100
    ...,
    !i=:
    £
    ~

    ...
    Ql
    ::l
    til
    til
    ~
    n,
    10

    1-1----r-----r-,...-,----r-----r-,...-,----r-----r-,...-,--.---,-...,----i
    -40 o 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
    Temperature CF)

    -Q- .R134a
    --'6-- Ammonia
    -B- R22

    1000

    Critical point .....

    100
    t; =374.14°C
    oC =220.9 bar
    10
    ...m
    ~

    e
    ~
    ::l
    til
    til
    ...
    Ql
    o,
    0.1

    0.01 . - - ' Triple point


    TIp = 0.01°C
    PIp = 0.00611 bar

    -0.001
    o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
    Temperature CC)
    PR06LE,vf .8. 5

    100 .--------------------------.,;--~

    10

    1
    ('l:J
    o,
    e. MPA.
    ~ 0.1
    :::J
    tJl
    tJl
    ....
    Q)

    n,
    T::300"'C.
    0.01
    ;T':.IOOOC

    SAt. ""rt~
    0.001

    0.0001
    0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100 1000
    3
    Specific volume (m /kg)

    10000 - , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1000

    100

    10 +-.......,...--r---r-r------,,...-----,-,..-.......,...--r---r--r---,----,--j
    -40 -20 o 20 40 60 80 100
    Temperature ("C)

    -G- R134a
    ---fr- Ammonia
    -fJ- R22

    3-ti
    P1<O~~ 3.7·
    (a.) "-1.-0 . T":::.("o°c..
    I I
    <r :.,"-0 \N\'l/k.Q~
    T~~\e... A -'2.: }r4- ':.(.OOl~ ~(o-31M.\/k~ I ~::. S7.1'(( W\'l/fc:,.~
    va -V""- 2.0 - t. 00 l R 'l'( 0-) 0 ) x
    X -:. \r~ - "{. -= S 7.1Q t _ (.00 (~,*,(0-3 -:. O. ~lf(P (~t{, (g ~ 4!!"<""'---

    (6) Pr-0ro.V\c.. i p"::. \'5.00 b().T" I V' ~ O. 0';2. qql W\) /"5
    T a.ble. A-I, ~ \1"5 -:: O. o:t qq1 W\~ k.'j I
    =? )( =-l (lOO %)E:<:-----
    l<=-) Re-C .. \. ~ e r Q. "\, { . \ ~ '-( ~ j T:: <.0 0 °c., <r: ':: O. 0 0 l VV\) Il'j
    ro..b\e. A-lO~V-~ ,:o.q\{~~ ¥(O-JW\\/~5 I V'~ =- o.o u« W\}/~
    _ 0.00 l - O,q£.{ «~ ~ (0- 3 0 ><
    )( - O,OU"'\ -O.'lt.(~«¥(O-:S :: O.O()-(.(q (Oc,{'l%)E: '
    (d) AIN\~ o~\ o, j p,:: ( MPeA. -= lO bo..f'" I \.r ~ o.t ~'\ I k.~
    T ~b\<. A -ll{ ~\1"~ ':: l,lP$ ~\( 1- (0-~~I k.~ I ~:. Q.l'4.ffS ~/
    1M Ir::.j

    't "'::.
    <r - \r" _ o. l - l, l.P S ~~ ¥- (0 - '} .
    "'I-
    \r~ - 'T~ - O. \2.4l$ -l,t.S~4 'tlO-")
    x

    10000 - - , - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    x--- Critical point

    1000

    100 p = 66.98 Ibf/in.2


    ~

    '"C
    !'::::
    '+"
    ..c
    = 10
    ~
    ::l
    VI
    VI
    ~
    C.

    0.1

    0.0 1 -!--"""""""'""T'"T""T'---r---r-r-""'--"'--'-"T""T"T---r---r-r-..,.-r-"'---'--rT'T----r--r-r-rl

    0.01 0.1 10 100 1000 10000


    specific volume (ft"/Ib)

    3-5
    PRoBLeM O. q*
    (Q.) l4:1. 0 i p,: 14, (,p'{t.> l6.f i' V\..... J <r ~ ;2.. S +-\-'l Ill>
    T~~\4!,.. A-~e ~ \r~ ':O.O.\·~l~ ~') lib I v-~ :2~8'O++l/lh
    y. =. V - V"~ ~ ;t S' - Ot-O((Dl~ -::.0. q ~"5 (q'3.~%) ~ X
    \r~ -\r~ :2.v.~o -O.OC<Dl~
    (6) ~ f"o f o: '" i T -:::. - ~ 0 F
    eo. 0 J .\.r:. O. 0 ~ <.e> ';:) ~ .c.+~ (l h
    TQ,b\e A-( It>E ~ <r -: .~ "::. 0, 0 ~~~"1 .<:-+"l lib
    sc\,"~r~\-t.~ llq Vt.\.J. . . .;."";) )( ~ 0 (0 x
    %) <iIfII!:~~--"";"';""
    ('-)R.e.c.,..\~er().~ l~<..\~ j r= So Ib~/l""~ I <r: ~O,S ,,-+\ lIb
    T ~~\e A - \\ e . v-~ : 0.0\).S ~ .c..tJ lib I v-~ -::. O,ci'{'l").. ~1 lib
    Yo -=- ~ - .\r-,: -:. O. S - o. 0 \ 2. S '2. _ ( 0/ ) X
    ,,""~-v..f. o.q"("l'" -O.O\'2."S':l -o.S~~ S:t,"i,Cl 4
    (d. ') A iT-=- - 4 0 F I <r -:: ;2,. 0 -4~ I t b
    W\ "",,"0 ' " '\. 0.. 0

    T ~~ l~ A- l~ e: l.r+ ~ O. o':t~ ~"l.. ~"\ I (6 I v-~: ;;L4, ~1'2.. c; Ilh


    _ '-r - v:& _ 20 - O. 0 "t '3 "L<... _ 0 ( <l ~I \ ><
    y. - \j'~_ U"f -2'(. ~ 1 ':t _ 0.0'-'\ ~(... - O. ~ Ol( 0.4. 10 ) ~

    PRO{b(,EM .3.ID'"
    F1rs1j +Ii.-td +LtlL speciflG '/J7>w..me
    V O.OS"'W}3
    v-= m::
    ~ O.02S'J1I) 3
    j
    :: 1J:1
    A)owJ f~e flLQ.li ~ is
    '\r- "lr-f O.OlS - O.~b)c(D-"3
    x -- ~ -"Uf -- 3.il~ '110-1. -o.gctc,)C' (0- 3

    = a.CD4$ (~f.(.S %) ~4------x

    PR.DP.>~~ .3.L''k

    T p -: '1 ~q".
    T=lOO°c ~
    TClbie A - \~: $l)..pet"hea.fe.d V¥()r
    V: O,Ol~21 ~3/1~

    W\::I.)l -::. to. \ \M~ }---e""""l~~


    <r (O.0'1~2.1 If'I\j/~}
    ~ 1...3<" k 3 4iir<---------.,;~
    1.1
    -pROBLE.M· 3.1 z.'J-
    1T. : VI. = 1,0 II- 3/1 b
    1Ab.'~ A- (3£: Vf-z. =O.02'UQ -If'l/II,I'Uja= 9.l\00 f+~/Il, f
    V'J. --,.OU-if II, ::.>
    x =
    'Z.
    V'~'I. - lr.f 'Z.

    r.o -o,o~t..(\9
    :. 1T
    q.uoc -O.O:2tt(Q
    ': o. \O"l ( (0.1 o ) < X'''-.
    t'R06LEM .3.13

    ------.v V::; o. 0 d; W\I\ 3 V 0.018 ~'l


    "v\;\::;l.2.~
    ..
    V:. ~::. i . 2.lCj
    R- 22 P ~ \,0 betr
    =, D.DrS "")/~
    'fQt:b/e A- 1: '71+ "'v'" vg '*
    I-wo-phc..se
    , fAt l abar i TSQ.f:: 2.3. «oec: c T .~

    PRO~LE~ 3.llf
    .. . ,,- -_. ._---_._.--- -

    (0.) ,-:~oooF":::? ~~l"'h~aJe~ 1IlapOr"


    p
    ~: 1)':: 0.514 .ft3llb
    V = h\ V = (2 lb) (0. S l «i #,3 tI b)
    :: l.()).e .ff~< "
    (b) 'X::. 0.8 =:> +wo-phcc.~e li~u.L&- ""'(>Of" thixmre
    Tdbl<. A ·3~: ~ :: O.O)./sq Jr31i b
    11j ::. O.'l'l" -H 3/ lb
    Hz. 0 1,)" :. til: +x ( ~ - 'tT,) ::. 0.3" 12 #31 tJ:)
    M ::; 2. Lb v= ~ lb)(D.3fofZ.f+ 3/ 11.. )
    V=- ? -::. o. i 1.2<..f .f+3~ v
    . 1'::: 1000 IbfJ,~?-
    (c) T::. 200 e;~ .=9' ,su.bct>ole& (co*p,..~S'see() I" 1A.(e(
    Tc4le A-"s.: V' = b. 0/('58D .q311b
    V :: @)( D. olb S 8l» -:. 0.0331. .f1~

    3-1
    -- - ---

    PRO~LE.M 3., S-·-

    v~ l W\3 Us'~g J.a.fo. froYh Th""~ A- R. :


    p~\ bot'" tr=1lf+ 'X(V;-1r.I)
    R-2;2.
    '/. =.0,'5" -~ ~
    :O.10,\~'l'lO +- (O.1S)(O.:USl-O.l()~ "'to)
    :. O. llt>l ~ W\~ I k.~
    W\ ':. ')£. ::. (\ W\ os )
    «r (0. t~,y ~~ I~)
    W\ ~. <O.l~C1 k9 Co: W\

    V=2ft 3
    Fi vs-f. defe. ....... '·"'e +tte a.It,solufe.
    "h-\: 5 Ib
    pr<.ssu~ r
    rS~e = 11. 3tf 11of./,·~~ p:: P~t.\5c + 7'4ht--.

    ~-hNt: JLl.Ll/~flt~~
    = '7L3'1 + 1'1.1./ = 8 S, 1q Jbf/J~~
    Now) 1T:: VIM:' (2 .fI-3Y(s Ih)
    T:.7•
    :. 0.4 .f+3/lh
    FrOM TfAlole JI\-IOc tlt-t p ~ B5.7tf
    'Vf."' V~ 1J9 .. fwc:>-p~.fe Iiqu.itA.-
    'V"a.pcr ~ ~~t.e
    7ku.s, T= ~-f ~ 70 of. T
    PRD8u:M .3./'1 v
    sa-I. \I~P<?t" I ~: Y.).1cj
    p= lSo beAr- Fat tk lwo ~r~4Se. lit\Ald-l/apw
    "n\.x.ft.tre.. fu Sfe.C.'i.f.ic. ~WLa. is
    v= O.~ ~3
    -ir = V
    ~rt\1~
    c.a
    :.--------
    ( "?>/~ + t{, ~ )
    :: 0.0 ';tS" "rn 3 / ~ oliG..,----~

    PRD&LEM .3. /B
    A t\1 Y\'\0 V\ i do U~I;"9 da..+a.. from T4ble. A- /3:
    Va 0,2.1 ~6
    1/ =~~;lOoc : I. b38' X{O-3 '"tl1:l/~
    T::.,,-o°c,
    saf().ra;fu( Jitu.'cd 1'Yl = :i... :: 0.2.1 ...
    V 1.1t138')('O~3 - 1~8.:l ~.4--;"':
    M T=~OoG; ~~..L:: 8.57'2 bat' I u>o /£P('4. \
    -r t ,I.ar 'J
    =BS7.h2 kPA.4~~ p
    J:-

    3-8
    . . 11./ v =0.00" ho\ J Far-st,., l.(.~l.~ dafA fro~ T(,lb/e~-" a..r f::'I.8b~
    P = 180 IcPA, #te spee,fL~ VOLuMC va,riss- w/t"- "'lS follows:
    R-l3Lf" =-(.8 bet.-
    O-!:.x~1 v ::. vf + ~ ( V; -1If )
    ~ o.71f6SJ(LO· 3 .,. X (0. (Otf8- ().7'1BS)c/O-~)

    ~ :. Y.. :. __~:..;;;...;:~
    0.00(0 ...~~__
    "" 0.7'(8S ><10. 3 .,. ")( (o./o1os)

    W\,: X ~ ; M
    f :. Wi - 'Wl~

    "ttJ ::. ~ M9
    5 ~:(-'!! • Voltt~e ~'f
    V v V· v
    5(k~p\-e. ca..lcte.la:\-t01l\: x :o.q j m = D.OCD01 Ic.,g J "e/v =0.'1"'13 J V-I/"; 0.0007 C

    Th~ .folloWlttj IT c.ok. is used -10 cl~vtdf)p -t~e plof.s .klOLV:


    =
    p 180 II kPa Results for sample calculation
    V=0.006I1m 3 x 0.9
    v = vsat_Px("R134A", p, x) m 0.06065 kg
    vg = vsat_Px(IR134A", p, 1) vfrac f 0.0007566
    x=0.9 vfrac_g 0.9992
    m=V/v
    mg=x*m resllHs c.oV\\pa Ytl. weU wi~
    'T\-tese
    mf=m*(1-x) +ke. l"'-esu.Hs of ~e "'A.~ CCl.\cula.tt(M,
    vfrac_g=(vg*mg)N Ct~()ve.
    vfrac_f=1-vfrac_g
    mm=mf+mg

    9 --,--------------, 1-,---:::;;;:=='1~'i"F""""'!:!""~-,r---z::r---=-____o'l

    8 - 0.9
    0.8
    7 - g 0.7
    6 - 15
    ro
    0.6
    ~ 0.5
    5 Q)
    E 0.4
    :::I
    4
    ~ 0.3
    3 0.2
    2 - 0.1
    O-t----,--=;::=:::::::P='F==9--.....,.-"r---9--9----4
    1 - a 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
    I I I I x
    a 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8' 0.9 1
    -e- liquid fraction
    x ---&- vapor fraction

    fl1e wtut;S CO'\1-ta.llo\eJ l'v.+tu.-f-c,...uk. cl~(.Vf./.C4..t4 r~·tJ.~ wai.. ~"CJY~i~ .~\A.tLli.~.lk . .


    C.OV(UPOl\At~j Vo-{u.t\Ae ~ch:(I\.\S of' lil\.\it.< ~ol "tAf-9r tAKlJ. s-HLo~ ~c.~
    6>+ '{\A{t( ~ (J../J w-e It .
    3 -tt
    PR06LEJ1 .3.20*
    Frovo +.he d.e+i·Vlrh6~ of ~u(tli~
    T= 300°F
    x=o.g (~O%)
    W\~-:.( t;)')W\3 -= (l~~Rg)(~ (b) =.0.SI6 < W!£
    $a-t. vapor T~ -ld-a.l m io5
    w\, ':.:l. lb
    Yn4SS
    +YhCJ:' O.S +- a : :>..S lb
    W\::: 'm f
    sed-.(i1u.i tJ., Wl.f u.~\"'j ~ .fV"oY\'\ table. A-2E. a+ 300 OFt
    tr::: ~+X (1I"g-'\'f) =0.0 114S ... (.~~«(,.t(1~ -0.0114'»
    ::. 5.l ~ \\ #3/tb
    v:: m"U': ('2.S(b){S.l~l\ ~'}/lb)
    = l~.q~ -C+~ v

    PteDf>L.E.t4 3. 2 ,~
    KNOWN.~ A two-fha.se lifU.id- VdPO'- M ;xlu.re of waler;. ti4iflaLL!J at A ~tC1elA 'P"esse.t"<
    Q.M ~kecIH:Jl i' heated ;~ A. clDsed 81(( ~k"- «",tif ()~~ so:kA.ra.ieel
    Witter I/4fDr rewtt"''''S. ~e. volu.""' \S \<."'ow~.
    ~: :De -It:. f"Wl I i-\e +~e.. \/\f\ M!» o~ ~ eo IN ()..~ e r t \"\ ,,'" to {. ~ '" k.. 0. V\ c:l. iJ\\to C, "'\A \ Pre \~ \A. re .
    SCtfEfAA-Tlc../t 61VEAJ 'DA-TA-:
    ~
    v:: o.:t w?' -1-----...- - - p - 'J
    12. - •
    ~:: ~ J,4V"

    _I x.::o.s
    I'
    ;..., _ _ -.1-

    Xl. =[.0
    1)

    A;j~VMPTtOnJ§ :(1) The wo,4er is a. closed. s~s';e1lll.o.J The votawe ~"'o( W\o.s~
    Qre. CO""S\.""""'+'
    ANAL\{SI£~ U$tj.,9 rJ..a-la. -froM Tahle A-3) the ;tI\itia.1 Gpeclfic. volume is

    V; = 1If. + ('Vj,- Vi. )


    X.
    = l.OQ1hXIO- 3 + (.5) (0. 31t<ct -1.Oq,{P ~,o-3)

    = o.. ~~ 0 W\3/ Ie:)

    ""~~, +h.t. ~~ \~
    w\:. JL ':. l o. ~ ~'" ) -- Ie.
    v, (O.l8ClO ~"' /lc.Cl) I.Ol.'i ~ ~(-----...;..-
    8~ C\ {;S\A. ~ p+\oy\~(I J a,~ ( '2.) , ""'2,. e, 1.1;. TIuAs

    P"2,.. ~ 'P.so.t <t 11"~ ::. ~--------------.fj.


    to. $" ba,r ....
    3-10
    PR06LcM 3.22
    kNowtY: A srec.i·h:ee.t o.V\'\"u.wt ot waku is heCl+~ i'IA ta..closetl) i'<jl<;{ ~~k tn>Y\f\
    0.. \{.~~Y\ "Ii\i-\-i,d ~~ie <A.. +0 sped-Cie.& +\~Al +..e..V\-\pera.+ure.
    ~: 1)eJ.eYf..nhe. +fAe. \'VICt~S o~ VCtfDY'" '1lI\i+i411~ fY"esevn- a.k4 +~Q .ft·",~l pY"eSSlLfe.
    SCHe.MA-TIC i "'VEU 124TA :

    I
    I
    l-l '2. 0 I
    M: 5 \ID I
    I
    -- -- --I
    S1-a-~e I ~ T\::. Z CoODF") Xl =O. ~
    S1a:le. '2.: .,..~:. '3'2.0 0 F

    tV
    t\5SUMPrioryS: (I) r~e Wa.+er ls +he closed scaskm. (2.) rt.Q. volf,t.Yl1e. is u:>nsl~H.t
    ANAk"1S1S'. T"'e \",\+i~\ W\c...~s of VClfOi'" lll\ +\,..cL -I-tA.&o\k. i~ ~U.M U~\l'\j ~
    l<:t1.o(.A)V\ +o-kI \I\1."~S GlM-& fu ; tA.A.lHj X \ cd +L~ \\I\i+iA I sk~c..

    Y\'l~\:: X, W\ = (O.(g )(s lb) :: 3 \b.. ~g,

    NOW) S\~ce. +~ vol.u.~e.. t\.~ ~ W\~5 {.\.V'~ (.OrlS+'UA..t dM-YlV\j .f~Q.


    --the. -srec..l:hc. valu-miLs o.:!,s·\..dGS \ a."'-C1 '2 axe: e.",e.ted ~ ~'Z. =~
    f.'lOC05S.>
    F,"o'f\'\ -ra\o\.e A- ze:
    -r~s
    '*
    ZtDooF.> '\.Jf,=
    o.one!> Wllb CAM.t:l Jt.J;.= 11.17 #3/11,.
    V2,.='Vi::' '\Jf,+ X'(~'-"\)f')
    =0.01; oS + (o.~) (ll." - 0.01108) :: 7'0"88 -¥+~/lb

    Now) .f.-<-o'M\a.Io\e. A-2e. 0.+ 3.20 DF J '1Tq ='1.Clltf #3/lb. ~1~Ce. 1Jz.>.tr~~32.00F
    5~e 2 is iV\ ,.lAe su,pedl\ecctett \/GAfOi" ('.e~\'b1.-\. ,.~us, 1"\ reV"~ol&<.h Y11 \V\
    Table. A-&+ a.-I- .32..0 0'::, 1o~813 kt- 3/ lh
    r2-~ lo4. 2.1 Ibf/IIA~~ P,

    3-11
    P~OBLEM 3."2.,3
    j(Now"i: A S Pile-,'/ied Q.""'-OU"'-+ of w.der is heo.:lec::l. ,,;'\ Co\. c:..losecl r 1Cj ,' <d
    -+0.'" k {.- 0"", 0... K"'-o lAh'\ i ""-t',,", .....t ~ +.... ole.. i-o 0... f.' "". I P r ~ t.r ......re..
    F I "'-''C: S ~E +c."- + ~ pr-o ('GU'.( ° 1'\ I- v A" c::l P- II cL..'A.~ r~l'to1.S'. D e k,,#4A.A,'-A..
    +/..\~ Vol .... ko<.( 0-/ +~ -r4""t::. (ll>\."/ -It....... ~""'p-er4~"..e A..++~ ·F""....J. s-/-ta..k.
    :SCH~fvI~Tl<: ~ "-,V/31V 'D,q,,Af:
    1500(.

    T I---+....=~.J----~·5 \::I&r-

    S-to.~ i: s0.1.li.,. A.1 Iso't


    S4-.{.Q'Z: 1''2 = 2~ e M Pc... +--4~-----+--- I5"Ooc.

    V
    ASSt1""PTIO~s:l. The WA;'er is. -fJ1 e. c.'os~~ Syd~U4. 2. VO{Vk-\e re~',-\s

    Afo..)M..'1"~I$: SIW\C'e 1I0Jvl'Vle o, ... c::l. fb-f-~ l;"\AAs.s r'e ~. "" c. O.-1,s h:t ",-f d.().r'- "'j
    +-~ prouS$ ) +~ SfE>60f"!·C. 1I0luWl.IZ 0+ s+o. +('> $ L) ?- 0..1" e 12 1 u......( :

    Vz. e- v,, n-Q\N"o"T~ A- 2- (:lI.t- 15"'0 0c.


    1
    V, -= "-f(lSbOC): I.OtiO\"''l</o- \M"!llcj

    As .:s'-:.Uo',", I:>Q+t....t.. T-I/ ~""d p-v c::L.·~'f6."""3)~+o.~ 'l.. 14 l.M~ l;-;I..1l'ci


    t'e~;ol'\. Tt'\+e,.po/4fnl'''~ ....:0 I~ A-S "Jill"E'oS 7i = ISO, ISoC .... - d i & - - - - - -

    .,....~ ~t-J. 'v'1) II,) ~ ~

    '-"'V-=. V\o\ "\J::: ~ooo ~q) ( l· o~ or :i:) ==- 2..1 S I \M"S ...
    ...:gar- _
    103 ~a

    3-12
    PRoraU2M 3.2 c+ lit

    KWOWN: 5teo..W\ 'lS coole&. 1'" C\. closet< rl9\c:( c.e.mff.l\V\er !rOM ~ !c.V\own ;V1'iti,d
    skie {o (A "~E)(..(JVl fli!\A( ~re~SlA<e.i
    FIND~ :De.-le.rtrll'i-\e. t~eJ~""tlt(CAht"e.a.t w~ \C~ c.owJ.-(.~Sct+l~ first occ.u.,s) fW2. kch~
    ofiW. ~( 'MASS tft.a.t l.O~St!.S ) a.Nf +-"-t. vol \,\ W'\ e, 0 c C CA'" C. 0(
    b~ s~:fu,V'O.~ed li,\lA.\tA. ~1 ~e ft~~( staie.
    5CM£MA-TlL ; u'vw 1>A-TA: f>

    p, :: 7 baY'
    T,o:. 500 0 (..
    Hz.O I

    V':. l W\'1

    'U"

    A.55VMPTt.ONS~(I) The s.J-ea.wt is ~ closed $~sk~.(:z.)Tht voluJl1e is (.()n.shuc.t.

    ANALYSIS: 8~ t\.$~ lA,w\P+cOYl5 (J) rAv.d ('2.) ... & spee.c.flc. Vr-{.tM1ttl '1-$ '<rtts/-a.",-f.. Tb~,
    ('c'5t''''~ G(a.t~ fY()~ To10 I.e ,4- L(
    for, ~ «rQ,. -::.v"t,. :. O. '5"0' o W\ ~ / Ic.~
    ~e.Y\ -C.ro_ To...b\~ A-~
    T~:. lsa+@l\r",,-=L40°c.. <111111114r-----------
    Ntd'J -&e. h(J~ of +kt .j.o+cJ \WlS<; #.G\-t tt'l\tLucses I~
    Jr.A.c.ft.~ -=. W\fz. :. 1- X
    <:.e> M~I.(..~eJ VV\ ~
    V',. - 1rf'Z,
    X = . -:r.
    'Z, -v; 1.- 11f 1.
    fW'a..c.~
    ~s e.et ': 1- 0.& t.{CAo -::. O. ~S'';).04~-------_--_

    W\. -::,j! _ (,\ W\3) .


    ". - c.o. so,0 "",i I"~ )
    ::. t. q 1 J.. k.~

    ~&~ (+~c.. vot",,~c.. o~ ~~ hq, \A.'"cA. Q;~ $~t. -:l ts


    V~~ ': W\ V-.{-4 ':. (l,Ql:L "-~)(l.0500 ~(O-l W\) / 149 )

    V", '). ': O.OO:l 0 ~ """'~ tIIIIi


    ... ;;------------....:..:~

    3-/3
    PeOf3L,EM .3. Z 5

    I<NDWN: WO-+e'(' v~("·l.S ~ea.~~ \11\ o; clO$<ul~\'"\~\c( 1tJ..Wc. ~o~ .scd'U:re&. Va.pD\ ~
    0.. lc.V\O~h te.V\(\-pero.k\.re 10 tAo. !.L\.\.o WV\ ~\A,d +e~~.
    Emlb.'. ]e.f-.e.rml~e t\1e i~it;~( ~~ tt"'o.l '\X"eSslAreS l).w!. skete.~ the process Df\.
    T-'" av-d 'f-v d.\ o..~ 1'~W\ ~ • I sWJ-e. , :7; = lb00C.
    AS~VMPnoNS:(J) The. watey" VfJ.-Por 'as tA. I I sed.-wpor
    ctose& s\1 s+eW\l\, (%0) 1L\e. volu.~e \s lonS~-t, I H-z.O : ~te. 1. ~ Tz. = "IooOe
    ------I
    ANAf.,'iSI'~ USlll\j ~~m ThJ,kA-4.) PI =1",'8 ba"r,~ P,.
    W',~ tUSU.~\-lO'\'\~ (t) ~(~) ) 1,j~:: 1.1j :: O. ?>o, \ ~3j~, :I'nie.rpo\eth')\.5 ill\
    ThJo(e_A-.3) fz. ~q.qq bar ..a p:z.
    Tkus 2. 'f(X)0C
    -r ~

    PR06t.eM .:3,2lo

    KNOWN: AMMO'4\\~ (A.V\de~oe~ Glt.\ l's()~e'('MQI P1"Oce~s *()M e:t ~lI\.ow~ \~a'A(
    sto.te 10 -&4 sa.+Uret~ed "fJ.1'e(' $te:d~.

    E.IbW.: :Determiv.e tke '\lI\ii",-, tll~ .ft~~\ p~~u.(.res I()..~ s\:e+(.~ flu ft"ocers
    0\'\ -y:.". aM.& 1>-V" eti~,rAMS.
    A~~()mPT\.OA)S.: (I) The D.y\\MOVl;et is e,
    clo-s;ed. 5t-}s+e.m, (2-) The vroce~s ts
    \s~r~l.

    3-14
    'PRo 6 LE rV\ '3. 'J. T
    t:::.NowN: A -hoo-ph.ASc.. li1V1'd-V()/"ol"" rY\I''i.~r~ i~ he'-\e.l 0..;' .f,xec!
    v'oII,)Me.,. fYo"",""" o.l\ iM-n'AI p r e s swr e +o;-~ c.r;h' cA....-l po,'",f.
    F/vt): 1)~~"-'I"""" t~ "Iv .. I'~1 t'A+ -tkt. i~'h~ St-A.~,

    ~c~MA-nc ~ ~ IV€I-J 'D1\7~:

    ® - - -I
    I Ll.D
    I rTi-'
    I
    1
    I I
    - -I
    (<c()\
    rE1
    CD

    V
    ASSOMP'T'OI-.JS: I· T"'-'. 'r'Atth'+l of ~A#e.t- vl'\cler c.OI'Cf'iUeI"A1loV1 td T~ C-loHd
    'S '1 s ~ ",,-. 2.. V0 lUII4AJ t\4 1M ~ 0-1~ ccwtrl-A K +,
    ANAL."rSlS: 'S,,,,,ce IIO("l,Ol\(" CA.",et \;\AA.rt ...v~'"" co~t~lA-f I v.,.=-v" Prow..
    T,.ldle. A -~ o..+- ~ c..... ; ~~c..J )OO'I~) .s~2.) v,= '5"s:r~/O-3 1N\ 3 1l<j ,
    "T\I.M.1 I lu' ~ V t.. .... \I / J W~ l-\. 6.." ~ W I ~ clo-.+---. DIo1.oo. +r T~ A- ~ o.::t
    '30 btA.r'
    V..f ~ '1<) (V a-V~) ~

    Vt .... V-r _ 0.JSS- 1.2./(.,$")10- 3


    >', - ....
    s
    Vj - vf (b"" &- - I, ~l"r j Ib-

    'P'RoBLEM 3.2.8
    t:::.~owN: A ~o-pl1.~ li'i v·,d -vO-for Wtlx,ftA.re. ts he4.~~ ~+ -j...'),;ed
    fro"""" all\. IlI\,'n'ed ~$i'e.t."~ -t-o -+tt.e.. erin' u...J. POI'vti-.
    E'/I'oJD; ue4e,.........'lI\e +"'-" tttu~.I,·-J.7 4+ -r4.~ ;l'Iin4( .s-f-"..+e..
    SCI-\-~Mf\"Tlc...·g, (:'!"~N D,..,.74:
    p ~

    1----- V

    ASSvMP,ION\:: I. T"'e.. '1uth'll-;fy oJ- W(X~r vt'\eJer' Co,.,s,.de('~,ft'Oi1) Ii' -JJ..-f' c..(os~ed
    S\( S~ "",. ? Vol ... ~ EO (' e """'''' ,''''t S C 0 11.1 -f. +- ,.,
    A-1o.:>'4L.'·frlfr Sll'\t..t VollJlM-lL o.",d l'\-\.ot.S'r re~A.i,", c..e ..... S'~j,\+) V.. -=-V l . fro~
    T,.,&-l.t A-"lE. ~ 4- +1Iv c ri h'e-\ ~ 1"'+) s h..+~ '2; V1. ":: O. OSO~: .f.¥/110 ' Tw..-s )
    we ~ "'l.,.':. VI l ~ lAta-1M U:>l~ d..-.+-. -fyo""",, T~ A-36 ~ 4-~ Ibf)i,,~

    "1":- Vof + ')(, ("'- V.f) '9


    ( 0 .0 ~-o S - 0.01 'irt ')

    /.03"3- o,OJ1S5

    3-/5
    k.NOWIJ:. A specifie.d ~W1o(,lHi of ",,!a1-u- is hec.t.te.J. I~ '" ck>s.uR I'"~'~}l~ +ak~.-n.e
    volu.me IS k:lIlewn) ttlA.d da.t£. tA....(. jiVe-ill .fct- -lite. ,,,,;+'4/ ttk.d .p.."INJ sfo-k.
    fiNO: j)e+e.....m'·vte. fke presSLLres 0.+ +1Ite ;lAitial CA.",d +t"'o.l 6-h:x.-fes.
    SCUSlvtATIC 8 Gol VE,A) DA-TA:
    T
    ,- - - --,
    ASSVMPTtONs:(n The Wd;le,. : II :

    is the. cl6se&( sCj.£fe.m. (2) The. 1 '"'2..° I


    vO(t.tme.;$ corasft!H.i:. /1 ~3.b
    ~Wl __ IJ

    V =''3.3~· ~k/.e I: sa-f. vap.


    s-ltt-fe 2.: 7;.::: 400°;:-
    ANAL'IStS: "'h~ T--v ol<~ rcu'k j s snow)')
    -to -fl1e "'"ik:t. To de-kfm;lI\e T"v.f!. pre6"sures.J
    -nv-s+ fix. s-fc:de. Z. ~Iiitce tk€. vol,.c.va-ae a.~ "\J
    WIlLS s Gt re COl'l&hJ.&tt t, ~ :: V"&,. TLtus
    1.J;. :: Vim :: (13.3 #ir )/(3 lb) :: '1.tl333.f+'3/Jb ,/~-p,£
    NOW, j~terpola.fl'vlj "11\ Table A-~E. ~+- LfoooF) '1,'1333 f+.1llbj Fz:r: 111.1 'bflt~~
    1h~vt) frot'l1 TOl(l)/€. A-3t:. ) o.:t 1lj ::: L/."I 333 .f+3/lh j 'P. =: f}a.f ~ (00 I~f/,~.~.. P,

    Pl<DBL-EM 3.30"-
    '<NDWAJ: A IM"""'- 0 V\. \ 0... uV\.ele-r,oe$ o: ~s+tLf,(..+ fr"es-sure. frc{;ess. tt« ,'i1itiaJ
    ~~ j{"'tll .s-M;/es
    (Lt"e .+ixed.
    F I NO: J)e.+~.v·m,~e.+f,te wor-le..fer +he.. pr~s J per- unit WlfA.~ fJt o; """ IN'\. 0 V\ \ a.
    SCUfSMATlc A (;,\VW DATA: f
    I !' =: ').,sha r
    I
    (
    N H3 T, :: ~ 0 °c
    l : Sk.eIe z: .sed.Vapo"f"
    AS$VMPTLON~: (I) T~e refri~eru~+ is the closed
    5~'~Wl. (2-) The p(,~su"'e. re \'\1«.\I".s CCl1~+tll.(. of: •
    ANM8SlS: ~e. l.Vo<k, '15 ~~Y(\'l,~eJ us,l.1j ~,2. I i Lu~-\1.\ a.~~ull4ph~ 2-
    W::. SrtJ.V :: t'l1 f11,r clv :: ynr{tr~-V;)
    FrOM T~hk A- \ 5' a.+ 2.$ ba,r~ 30°c.; .V; O. Sl14S ~3/t<., . From Ta./,/e A- Il.f,l
    =
    'V:z. :: 'lIj~~.sba,,... :. O."li6:l\ rYJ3/ k.!j' 1'h.u.s) from C*)

    ~ = p (V...-U;) =(2.s ht.r)( O.<{nl-O.S71'lS) ~ IIO:~~"III~J~~W\1


    ::. - ~ 3, ~f.( k'J'/kj ....
    ~ w_'/-m

    s-t«
    ~
    PRoBLEM 3.3/
    K~owl'-L: WA1-er,os. c.olN>,,-USS~d A+ ~ co~s-h>.",,~ r--uSSI.4.n!. b~ n.vf'eV'\. two
    S'pt"c:.e 0'ed s+r.-\-4s.
    ~'. 1H-k"""""I',,~ +"'e -f€'-'r.r..·'·~.U'~s &1+ t-h~ i .... i-h·.1 a. ...<::l f,,,,,....(, -t~~\'./
    o.lI\..L ~ £.c"or te:. for +"-e ?'" UH.
    SCH-~MI"rTI C. 2.. b I vS tV 01\'1'\':

    -- --I
    1 I
    I \-\1.0 ,
    ,- ---'
    I •

    p ::.2,SCI lb0,,1.
    V, -=-(,. ss W
    . s-\.o.-\e2 ~ Sa!.
    V«p,

    ASS\')MPi{ON~: \. Tha.. !j",e>\ eil"A.. h·~'1 of- l..vtl4.-/-tr W +h.t c..JO$.tU .l''fs~lo1-1. 2.
    VoluMI\(" cv...."'~c &0 +k.A ohl'1 L»orlc YIA.~d€.~. TkAP"'-OClltS OC'C&4~ 4Io:t COfllS+-., ... -f p-uuv.,.e.
    AtvA<.'(S\>: ~~ \ V\, \ \.'-.0. \ s~e.c\"'~\C l/ollL"""-e.. \~
    !q.R~ ~) - "3 4\{ +4} I f b
    !Vi ":- Y.!. -
    3. lb .
    V1'\- .
    -
    Fro- To.bte. A-I.{ t:, w·,th Vi -:.5.'{\{ WIth o.~ ~,-:.~O lb{- (\ ~"t-
    T, -::. \000 0 F ..4.....--------------------=-=-
    The. .c ~~, s ~ e C (C-lC. vo I l.\.- e, i ~ V"'!i 0.+ ~ 50 lb.y (, "\'"'-.
    t='YO~ T ~~ \~ A- "2. t:
    "'-r., ":. V-g ~ ,2,So ~~\ :: t. ~"t S" .c+'!. / I h
    Th""s T 1.. ~ <.{o L 0'1 0 F COClr--------------...:....::.
    ~ e, .c.~~ Q. \ v:» l\A.W\ e, \ s
    Vt- :. W\).r.... ... (-;l.. (\,) (I. ~l(S ~) '" "3. (., q W
    T G e",~\ \A..oJ.t.. ~~ W () r k-
    w> ~~ ?d.1/ -::. P l V"t- - V; )
    -.:. (250 ~)\ I"''' &21 ~l t tS~ 1
    \V\'1-\ (~.CDq -~ ''1
    \~" l ~'t. "g ~ \,*
    ::. - 141, CJ:> ~ +u... c;,<cr----------------~

    Wo.Je r '''C) Co""",, fr~s~-e.ol, ~""> ~~ vo o r (c.. t~ V\ -ec.1~-L.\ve..,

    3-/7
    ,l<NOWN: WMf-(' is hila-fed llA 4. r'\s+O)'\-~li ~der o.s.semhlj ~ c.ortstalA.t ~~rerakt.re
    -from satu.nded vetpo(' +0 4. ~l·Ve.~ t-tJ,\ttl r",~suV'e.
    ~: 1)e+cnY\\J..o\£. ..H'\~ way,," 'fQ.,Y't-ll'iltW1ttSS .b~ (Q) '!f\u.~e\'lcet.l jll\+e..,m.hc\o\ t).S"~
    s+eo...Wl to.bl-e JAk t>.~J (6) usi~ IT:
    -
    ScMeMMlC a Gl \!W 'DA1A: . r
    T~'too°F
    -+ State I: 5ed, VtLpOr
    s+a:k z : pz.:' 100 lbf/,i.-\2. -4--I- ~~'1.- f, =-100 l.!.f
    a. ,,,,'Zoo

    MSVMPTlQNS:(1) Tl1e wtJier is fl1e dcs~ s~~.J..e~. ~S'o


    o~
    (Z) The proc.ess occurs cd: CcrnSffu1t ~ertth,ue, ~-------

    /.tNAI-"/slS: (6.) To d~m"v1e. #t'!. (»i>rfL U-S~ liz. ~.17


    1); J lJ
    ~ :. f'\1' z.p d V-
    A YHtmtriCAI Sc~e-rne is ~Mplo~e.d wi+'" eta.-tt>. .from Table A~l.je af T::. J/()O"F.
    pC l"'fltiA~) v-(f}'llb)
    2.'17.' r. 8£,lo (sec,t V&tfur"~TableA"2E.)
    2.00 2.)"l
    {&o 2.~'tf>
    I (Po 2, DOl
    I '-I 0 3 . '" ltJ("
    I '2.-0 4.01'1. \
    I oo 4. ~ 3'/

    + (~O~\toO}(3.001_ 2.illtB) + (!bO~140.)( 3,qlr"-3'O'>1)+C'lO~20j('1.011"3.'t"")

    + (.\10+tOO~(,t.~34_4.01~)]
    '2-
    l«.l&.f
    l
    \,-\"2.1/_
    ..J+ ~
    I SMA
    1;8 #"bf
    -I::. Blo.11 B\'u.. ~M
    (f4r+~)

    (b) 1l1e +cllow;~ cede, lLSe-S ft,t€ r~+ej mftCm Cof't:tloll itj of IT -10 ,;'fe1Ytt+e (.>t)
    above;
    T=400 11°F
    v=v_PT('Water",p,T) II ft 3 /1b
    W=conv*lntegral(p, v)
    conv = 144/778 .
    /*
    Using the Explore button, sweep v from 1.864 (sat. vapor)
    to 4.934 in steps of 0.01
    Result: W/m = 86.48 Btu/lb ""IIIII~;------'------ - __
    */
    Nofe.+Itta,ftlAe resulk 0+ F",...k (a) etlll4 lb) Ct~e J'/I\ Gll9r~t;.,..eL4t.
    3- r8
    ,Kt,JOWN: A ~""" 0'" \. 0- . v...~(.V'~oes ~ (.O.V\sh1.~ J)"e~4iu.v-~ prDcess .fyo~
    0.. s(>Q-clfl~ Iv\\hCi,\ sk-ti 10 0- ~~"e" .f\~~ qU.Q.lit~,
    Pi N P ~ De...\-e,.. . M\\lVt ~e. WOf'\".
    f
    SCl-YiM.A'nC t GrtvW DATA:
    Y\'\ ::. '5 \b
    P, =F;. : too l~f/;lA"2.
    IN\..(3 ~ '=- 3CpO° F
    I• )(2..= O. gS-
    V'
    t\S5UMPTlOAlS:(1 J The r~t""l~e. ....a .lltt is ~ cl"se~ s~&+em.(2) Tke froc~ss
    occurs a.t cowsra-n i: pre.ssure. £3) Volume ChA~j~ is 'the 0"\1 WorJc:;. JM.ode.

    ~ . StoJe I is a. s~r"h~(,(,feJ VCtf8r. F<~teV"rl~ to Table A-Is-e


    1J; :. S.Og~ ~ 3
    / 1& +1
    Uslhj~ 9,,,e~ 'lUAJ,'+, o...k &+It.."c.. '2.. o.lI'\.d d6..ftk ~CMA. L~ I\-lt( C

    "7,. ~
    Vf '*'~ ( V«) - Vf)::' 0.D2 S"~l( -4- (Otg5)(2/1~q1- O.O;;)'~li]
    ~ ~.S(\\ 4"3/tb
    USIYtj E1.~./7 -ft!) defe,r--n1'ltte f~e-lAJ(),..k
    VJ~ fVfd.V r t (Vz - V, ) ,. m p ('IJ"... -V;)
    V,
    .ItIlserh;".:J v al u.es

    IN = (S" 11,) (100 I'


    I"f/lio~)(;1.5111-$.Oll\{g) { { 1~~11!"7~ ~~~
    (!) = -23& ..fo 8lu. ~ w
    I. ~ ~+'r\4e'J'().M.* tS- <.DM..pt'"esseot. +hu.s +k wo-rk \s
    V\.9c:N+\ ve..
    PROBtEJI\ 3.3Lf*

    KtVOWkl:Wa,-\-ey- VtLPO< 1A~~~oes a... (,O'\'\S+a.",t v-oLu.W\e. cooll~


    followd ~~ i~o-l'keymGt( COV\.,,(.elA.sa. ftO'Y\. it> s:a+u.rtt-f-<A t i ~ u.icA.
    F /t.J D : E "o.l wllte ite. w "V" k. f.Q,'f" l..c.~\. + lI\t\'lc;.s. ~
    ~ cij e.M Art c i Cc 1V &fJ l>A-TA:

    t:
    I
    -.• 1:: = (0 b~("
    T; =400 °c
    I-/z..D • ~
    ,,
    I
    t T..z.. =tso°C •
    •
    • - --~ s+afe. 3: scd-. I i~u(e(
    at tSO°c.

    &SSUMpnoA2S: (I) Tl1e wt:t-+ev is -fL-ae <=-losetA sy~krn.(2) 'For process 1-2..1 tr
    -tke VOIu,Me is. constaw.t. (3) For- proc~.s Z-'3" ttte fe,~peruf.tir-e. is umstau-t-.
    (Lt) Vol("('l'YIe dA.Gl~JQ. is fke 011 ~ wor-k.. Wlode.
    ANALYSIS'. L3~ a.ssu.:mp·f.ion.s (2) aMd (4)-, 0 V' (lj process 2-3 Iv,val"es work..
    jo eval\,ta.-te i'~e. WDY'k:) be.~llA. wi +IA ~. 2.17
    \/2, '1J"z.
    VJ =fV, ra V =9 JtJ. = [
    YYl 11;
    rc1v

    lJ~t) we +,')(
    easl« sfeJe. (bt c1 tJfo.h.il/l r.eJevo.~+ c1.~-m.. SIi.1ce flAe rn~s.s
    a."td vo{u..rne aYe C011Sfa.#A..t -fo pro~s /-2.) "tT2.=-1.J;. Fro"V'\
    , Table A- '+ ; 1..r, = O. "30 (P b rn 3/k.3 .
    ....., w\+~ '\r", ~1T\ :::. 9. ~O(Pfo, W~ see \\1\ lO.lo\7 A~2. ak \50 0 c M ~ <:. t;r~ <:~.
    rku~ I s-\cd.e. z. IS ilA ~e. -fv.>o - f Mse) ll~l.t,e{-,,~ reJ,1tOV\.· S',,\c.e .+Wt.
    fa.~+ure. is ~i-aM.+.foy- If(''~~~ 2.- 3) So is fk tp-r'es,u. re . '1~ i-.s

    r
    :z. :: f~ ::. fsa.t ~ 1'50 oc -:: l.{.1 S<6 loar
    j:.i-1a.U J) -from Tabl~ Ji. ..Z) "V3 = ~~ 1$0,0< = (~o'tO 5"X' 0- 3 yvr3/1q. -rkt.{s
    W J"'U"'~
    M = 'V. pd IT ~ F2- LV3 -1Joz.)
    I

    :. (4.1S~ btA.r)(
    .
    (.0'105 ¥ to
    -3
    - 0.30<0<0 ) ~
    rn31 ro5~J'M'2.11
    , \ott,..
    IIc.J
    l03
    I
    tJ.m
    (]) :: -l4S.tt k:r//;:'3 ~ WlM

    l. The !"e~el+lV(l. SI1Yl devtoks elltlW5:1 -Ir7JMs.fer- i!2 f~ s~$krn b~ Wi)Ylc.


    etu.YI~ process 2-3.

    3-20
    ,kNDWN ~ J<e.frl~era~f 22 f.4.Cll.devgoes 0.- pro,e~s wi-l-lt (). trlown7",eSSu.,..e - vM.M.rM-t2.
    ('.d(J.,+~ frovVI a ,tVtCit ,'l1itial sht+e -Iv fA 1 we./A AlAaA 1~ssu.V'e.
    FIND: Co.lcufttllZ tf..te wt>,-tt. fOr Ute precess,
    cSCL+eMAorIc.. i e"tveJJ DA1'A~,
    p ~ ,«+u.ranoV\ J,~t.

    Pc:. 2 bar ~ 10 bet-I"

    T:. -20°C /V' PV I. os::: c,oAst


    +-- '
    p. :: 101ocw- ,,-~-).. bar
    '2-
    "~OCl
    C

    The. wo,-k ~
    V'Z.. 17.:
    W :: S pa.V=
    ~
    W\[ ~dtr
    "11",
    ::. Yn (p... 1.T'l. - P, ~ )
    (I - 1.0S)

    = (2. lc:,) ((Io~l.(.t' )(O.OZ'I81Sn,3/10)) - (z)(o.ltS2.0j) tk:T


    (/-1.05'\ 'O~ tJ· M

    = -13."" k.:r<llllil~~ ~ w
    I. The. nega.l-l va va.l4.e tor wC>r-1e:. .itl d ic.o;fes +W ~ PY"ocess is
    a Co Mpr-e.ss ; 011\ proc.ess

    3-ZI
    PROC3Le~ ..3.3(P

    ~N.o'-9t.>: Ret-ri.~e.vtud: .1'34 e, ~\I\.~e\"~oes ~ fol~ fy-0ric, r r-O~S froM 0.. &"eci He&(
    IVdt'tA.l STt:t-~e fO A.. j\\1e.", fl"'''-( +iV\A.pt-f'"afu.re.
    FINP: 'De+eV"Mihe the t'IVla:1 preS'$(.(.V"e ~V\& t\1e work. per u ..,I.+ Mtt.ss .
    .sCHeMATIC I (T( lieN· PArA: p ...-z..- sd. v4.pDr
    ~ 'P'\f,.DS=. Col'lsf.
    I - PI = 2DO k.Pel = 2 ba.r -*-_~~1._ D':. 7
    I
    I R·13'i~1 Tj = -10°C f"J. •

    ( I
    I T 2.. :: So°c.
    1_- _

    p'tJ" I.OS ::. constant: +------'~~ P, ': 2 bet r-


    '/
    ASSUMpnONS: (I) The ~.rr\~ernM.+ loS the. closd 0 0
    c
    sy ~+e.M. (2.) 'The. 'P'Coce~s is 1ol~h'"op·\c.J wi+k
    y\ ': \ .OS.
    AtJAL.'/SIS: state I is +ixec1 b!:J r. = -10°C) p, =. 'Z.. bar.
    From TethJ.e. 4-.2..>
    Vi = 0.0'1138 .f.J-31Ib. Tl1.u.s"wi-li-t +lttfJ. polfjh-opic prt>ces.s €J(p~essl'o",-
    V2. -
    _(Pt/ r~ )!It,,,~
    I
    5
    (it)

    llll TalokA-/Z a.1- T= 50°<::" -rhev-E. is e, u.ni1ue '1T a..ssDci4+~ with e.a.dA
    pre"su.Ye" -f11.evf- is "
    'lr-tteble '= V (PJ T,:: 50 "c ) ( S¥ oj)

    .." T~e follow "~,J ~'e eP- da.f..A.. a. net ('Jo+ .aY'e. obkt.ill1~ ~,i~ ~i'~ ~ (¥it').
    fVhe('~ .fltt..e.. liMes II1+ersee:f both e"p ~SSfOn.s at'1!- s ().+i,sf.,ed Slmulta.1Il €ous Itj.
    I

    /2 T=50oC ( JI :11')
    (.~)
    Pcbc4"j C'J) ,;-- P 1T ,.DS =co""sf~~-t (:of)
    <j D.OU5"Y 0.0284"
    Ci 0.02.31'2. 0.02...,72
    .......
    "
    LO 0.02 '£1(0 0.0'2.,,1 ~ /0
    ~

    II 0.01'1',0 - -- ...S)
    '-J
    ~
    12 0.0,180'1 D.O 'i 1'2.. 9

    ()~'V--+-----+~---+------f-
    o 0.015 0.02 0.02.5 0.03
    1Y (W\ 3/ K9 )

    Froo« +h'l. piot :


    F'?- -::. ID.L/- b4r ~"......-----:"';;'
    -u;. ~ 0.0205 '(VI 3/~

    3-2.2
    The. e.xp'r~s·I()f\5 on ~~d (~1) <:.tU/\ foe. solveJ ft1A.1Ad". more. ea..$i~ USIi-t,
    ft.t~ .foUowil;\j IT urJ.A.. :

    p1 = 2 /I bar
    =
    T1 -10 /I "C
    =
    T2 50 "OC

    v1 = V_PT(IR134A", p1, T1) /I m3/kg


    =
    p2 * v21\n p1 * v11\n (*>
    n = 1.05
    v2 = V_PT(IR134A", p2, T2) (*"if)

    The..re.sulfs..from -rhe ~mp():/.e,- solufL~ aY"~ Pe" 10.3'8 loaf", V"z.: D.020i W)
    3
    / /t..J )
    to~\dA ~r.e.e wQ.{ll.Ol~ tLte 8ruphl~ reSl.l-[ts.

    tJow) +Vt~ LNork l~ et-e-tevMill\ cut usi~ ~. 2.1, a..¥1.J. i'ke. rY"OCetM.-".,e. D+
    Sx&t~ple 2.' +Or the rol'1 trO~lC fY"8ce~s ~ 0Q-t
    ~
    ~
    :: J
    '-, 1f~

    -v.!
    t>d 'IT ::. f..f-z. "\T"Z. - y, '\it '\
    \: J-V\ -;
    I
    U.s;n9 the. -vttltA.es -frorY\ +1-,e .sokchCnA.
    l"StJ/rr.~11
    C-Ol'\I\(>u..J.e-r

    W. ::. (10. 3~ IoCLr)( D. ~ ~Ol ~s/Ic,) - (2. )(0. o 'let 3 8) \~ k"J" .1


    ~ (I-f.oS) lb&4.r'"" to tV-M

    = -32.21 k.::r.. w/f'l\


    PRDI3£..E.M :3.31

    KNOWN.: Refri~er~fA.t 13lfel ls (,oM'P.,essecl,·1I\ a 'Pistoh-~li",kV'a.ssembl:t


    fyor'Vl ~ knD£,Or\ initial stetfe ~ (;.. k.~bwY\ fl~t:tl yretSu....e. .. The
    prt!ssurt - ~pec.l'fiG VOII.LM~ r.4la...tUT\\~kLfJ fo,. tke ptl>cea is tJ\ vell\. .
    E.J11.O; "Del-erml'Vte t~e work.. ~ sa.furaH<n\ ""'e
    Sc HE-I1A-TlC. ~ Go 'VEl) :DA-Td: ,r --\-l1t-2._ _ ' 'D l~th",l,
    r - 1'l1 =0.0'1 Ib ""..... P V :: ce...sf.
    I P, e, ro Ibf1,'11\2-
    Refrigera.&-\:t I l·~ T. =-20°F _-.l~1c-- I 0 I bfltlA.&.
    I
    13'16.-
    =
    Pz. I ~o Ibt-/,i.\2- ~oo
    ~

    pV' c..em.st.
    A

    -uf
    AssUMPTiONS; 0) TlAe rer"\1emlA.t \oS G. closeJ S<c1s+e.VV\. (2) "'~e ~roces;:s is
    ?O~tc"0t\c.. W\~ 1>17:. <..on5+.

    AtJA:LNSIS~ 1he UX>ik. 'l-' obhu"v\eA btj u.s.'' '!3 .


    ~ .:t.J'1. Hrst"; dekrmt'Vte tke.
    SF'i.~i c. vo(,u.Mes. Fro m To.cok A- 12 e. / 1T, :. 4 .q~q 7, it 3/ lh) tl-Moe(

    1..r~=(~2.)-U; :. (,~~ )(Lf.~.2.'7) =0.3081 ff)/Ib

    ~e wo('k is

    W:. fVI"z.r dV :: Iv• p,h:r


    h\
    1rz.
    = n., 1
    r"\T""Z"

    11;
    ~t. d"t.T

    = \-Vl(p, ~) ~(~, ) ~ VV\ (PI~) JM. (~) -

    ::. (o.()"1 -J],)(/O IbfIi Mt.)( q.'t 2.tf7 £f! (10


    II.) ~ l bO
    )1\'i,. .*2-
    \~'2,,1 IBk\
    .
    1'8 f{,'bf
    :: - 1.012 13tu.....a4~------------ ~
    CA.) P = 3 bet V", T= z,"/o°c. p T
    Tt;\b fe A - If
    V= 0.,81 VV\:J/1c5
    u.::. 2' 13.1 k~/~
    IT Results
    v =0.7805 m3/kg
    u = 2713 kJ/kg

    (6) p = ~ bce.r) v « O. S m'3/ks


    T()ble A -3; ~ ""V~ v:f
    =t> T = 13.3.~ DC. T
    ;<: V-1If
    "'j'Vf
    (). S -/.0712 )(10-
    3
    ::
    o, '058- '.0"1 3ZXLO- 3

    :. 0.825
    :. u...: uf + X (C.(,' Uf ) IT Results
    : s»). IS.,. (.8 2 S")(~S"C/ s.c- S'" 5) x = 0.825
    ::. 21(;U,.'1 k~/'" 2196 kJ/kg

    (c) T ~ 400 DC) p::., 0 Io"t'"


    ..., Table 4-¥ T
    v'= O • .3Oflfl M ~ It~
    h ::. ~2(P3.~ k~/~
    IT Results
    v = 0.3066 m3/kg
    =
    h 3263 kJ/kg 1.T'

    (ell T=3l0 DC.,1T'=O.o3 W'l~/~


    T4hl.a A-2. ~ 1.T>~ o"f D2. I ) 0C.
    =>To.loJ.e A -If; A4 aZo4>c fk sW< r
    -[ec.thbe.J.w~e."1 (P 0 (A ~ 8 0 ~.
    ~ rlteN'poJ ~ I 'kj )
    p:. 7'f.b1 bar ::. 7.'1(,7 1M Pc..-
    h '= . 2.~18.o ~:rl1c,

    IT Results; p =7.356 MPa, u =2682 kJ/kg


    {e) r=2.8Mr~:'280ba("~ T:S20oC
    T~bl~ A-2
    v = 0.01 O~ 0 m3/"s
    h : J I 12. 3 k3 I ~
    IT Results
    v = 0.0102 m3/kg
    h = 3192 kJ/kg

    3-,25
    P20(3lEJI/ .3.38 (Confd..)

    (f) T=IOODC J x.::o.bo f> T


    Table A- 2.-
    P" /.0/4 hal"
    1.1: -up +- X ('lj - Vf )

    =I.0435)(tcr 3 + (.fJlo)U.613- J,O'f3S xl(i'J)


    = J.OO'i2 Vl?3/~
    IT Results; p = 1.013 bar, v = 1.004 m3/kg

    (9) T =to °c J v: 100 WI 3/'~


    T()b/~ A-2; 1{f ~ lJ"-' ~ o;f LODe..
    1k.us.J r =: O. 0/228 ~ar = t. zzs k,PCo\,. r
    x. -:. V--Vf:: 100 -1.DOO'lXlo
    3

    ~-'Vf IOf".'J'"-I,OOOY>C/cr 3
    :: O.qlf
    h:. h.; t Ie h~~
    ::. 42,0/+ (.ti 4)(2"l 71.i) :. 2'37/ /c.:r/l~
    IT Results; x = 0.94, h = 2371 kJ/kg

    l~ '\ r::. Ii MP" =~o b~t") T.: l~()°C.


    Tt::lbl~ -4-3 «.f J.jO~r j
    ISaf ::. 2S0.4 Dc.
    9> Ii~"c.ie( sMe. (T'7~:f) .
    labl.e4-5j dou.hle t"1I3f.er"oLa{-~

    1. Oi~8 }(IO-3
    S8"..., "

    1f'= 1.12" )((0' J.I"LYo )( LO~3


    (A. =
    ifQJ./b V 7 5~." 3
    T
    4+ 1'=£1.0 MP"
    1r"= t.Oil"lxfo- 3
    Itto't £t=S87.' 8
    J
    v:: i. 12'1 SXtO-
    It. = i(pO, Z<f

    The~) 4+ 't.O (IIlP~) JlIO°C.

    -V:: 1.IDLtXro- 3 ~3/"1


    u. : (,1'3.1 t r)l 'J'lc.:J
    IT Results
    v = 1.102 X 10-3 m3/kg
    u = 670.7 kJ/kg

    3-2.h
    'PROBLEM 3.39

    (4) P~ 20 Ibfl"',~) T:. 400 of


    T
    TA.ble A-4-E
    'I ~ :>'S. 'f3 .f.t3/1.b r
    u. ~ 1l4$.1 8-h,..{{h
    , IT Results
    V= 25.43 fPllb
    u = 1145 Btu/lb

    (b) po:: 20 lbHi",l.) V:: 16 ~t3I1j,


    14b1c:. A-36 ,,~<. v <.V~
    T
    ~ T-= 2.'Z. '1. q,=- of
    )(~ v ... Vt.
    v'''V"f
    :: 1fD- 0.o'b8'3
    ZD.oct - o.o/bt3
    :. O.':l.:r~
    v
    .... u': "4- ~ ,,(u!-U+ )
    :' \CUht' .... O·T~'t'o&'1.- 'ct"~lC\)
    :. qO(.2,..C\ &~llo IT Results; T =228 of, x =0.7962, u =901.3 Btullb
    (L) T= "00 of J p: 'TO It>f/jfl~ J70 I bil,., 1.
    TAble A- t+€ J ,'I/\+eJ"'ro IAK
    ~+ qoooF . r
    ,,':. «t.,.'N .ft 3 11h
    h= 11f18.o~6~JJr,
    IT Results
    V = 4.718 fP/lb v v
    h = 1478 Btu/lb
    Cd) To: (ooo°Fj v:.o. iDf43//b
    TAble. ~- loC) v» \/3 M- (oooOF, T
    ~ TA.ble A-~E. • fA.-t- ,"ooOF
    t"'A i.. s+.. fat Is b~ k.vee""
    goo 010'. 'too LlDflil\l..
    '1'""~.... ,...I,, +;V\, J
    p= ses: ~ Ibflih1.
    lA = 'I b'3.1 ¥ Y3f"../ 110 \r «r
    IT Results; p = 884.3 Ibf/in.2 , u - 1163 Btu/lb
    lta) p = ~oo lb+(i.,~ /'r: ,"so~
    T~ A-'l-E) "1/\ "'''~/,.+a·o", T
    ~ 'Too IOf I i.. ~
    v« O. eS'~t3 Ill.
    k = I?> 12. 3 Bfo/Ib

    IT Results; V = 0.852 ft3l1b, h = 1313 Btullb

    3-21
    PRoBLEM /3.31 (C olltfcJ.)
    (of) T= l.jooDF) 1(':0 '1o o/ /) T
    T~,,( eA· 2.6' p
    ,flO: ~'f.l.1 lbfli"~
    v: v,f + 'IC V.fa
    " 0.0 \ iV'" l' . <\ ( I. 8'" ~ 0.01 &(,'1J
    :: I. to~ 13 ~'lIb
    IT Results; p =247.1 Ibf/in. 2
    , v =1.681 ft3/1b
    T::400~ v=-l9SO E
    lb
    TAble A'!' 2.E v "v~ 0..-"\f.<1. T
    4oClf'. I"kYoi) p: o.\~111bf/;H..J
    ')(_ \I-Vf-:: IctSO-O.()If) P
    , 'IcJ- \I.f ,.""")- - o· 0 1<'
    : o. T,g
    ~ ': l-\.f +~ "'f*
    ~ 80::1 ... o:-::fer i'( ' 0 ':If,. et)
    :-·g',z.cp 8~/b V
    IT Results; p =O.1217Ibf/in. 2
    , X =0.7975, h =861.9 Btu/lb v

    (h) r~ '='O() lbt/il')~ 1':."$u>°F


    TAble. A-l€' .x ~oo Iwt/i",'\.
    T~t:: '+lb . '33 of
    '::!!) l '1 II i cl s f'fI.... e,
    Ta.bl e A -SE -d.&A.ble
    i~ ~ot'ro I. fl' 0"1 p
    -:.500 IJi)f/h.1. p~ 1000

    ,,-:. ,0 ,Oll-lf I t.
    u: 2.hf,q1.

    T= 't-OO V,:o.ol~~8
    t.t:. ~=t3. Co 8'

    ,..
    v:. •. Oli''#-O,
    v.~ 24i·1'8

    V= o.oI8~'
    u-:. '373-'fr

    TkclI\J 4.k" ,"ooLbf/it\'-, J'2.0op


    V __ 0 . 0 11 ~ 'l-b ft 3} If, IT Results
    ~':o 'l-gcr., I ~""'/lj, v =0.01766 ft3/lb
    u =288.3 Btu/lb

    3-28
    (4) Refri9t.VUlo\t 13Llo., T:t./pO"t l VA f). Oil ,.,.3/ICj
    fro.... I4klc. It -10 AC. boOC j ~ ::. 0.0 II 'f MJ/Ic5
    ,..
    1T>~ '=t> s~ r ~eMe~ 17Of()'1'"
    Itt-k.V'pol((-I-I~~ iu ThltJleA-12; p=3,"3~
    : 3".3 kf~
    h:. 302.1 k::r/ k0 ..

    lb) AMri-tOI1'~ j P" B ~r 1 'lr :. 0.005 r)t:#/'"


    +rbrtl ~~ S ba,.y ; ~:: D./seth Y'A3/~
    1.If <'. tT< V; ~ two .p~~ "Iitu.id-v¥oy" tI1io'(kuc. ('
    T> Ts-.t :. 17.84 Dc.
    V-Vi 0.005- (.f,302.XlO.f
    X:: ""-11f ':I. O.I5t'lh _ '.il3D2.)(/o-:I :: 0.02/33 -+_----T- 8 ..

    U. -:. ~.(. + X~- ~)


    :. .1'~.(, 'I + (0.02.' 33 )(l3.3o.w "-~'-2.(,"i)
    ::. :1 8 5. 'f 1<. ~ / I~

    (Co) Ref,\,~ ra"'l 22..; T= - 10°C:: ) l.l::: ZOo l<\J/~


    lYo~ T~ A--:r ....t _10°C., %~ CA....::::..u.,
    ~ 2.-phAre J.A.',v,·.L-""1'0'" ~hAr-e

    p:. PrJ:::- 3. e..ss betr -;

    )( -:. LA. - (At :. Z,.O 0 - 'J J. 21-


    u~- uf '2. Z'3 • 0 l. - "3 ).2.1-

    -= 0.8 q ~ I----I-_--~----'~- _lO· C.

    :. ':l: V.f -4 'lC ( v f - v f)


    v
    '; ~.7"o'
    ~
    1- 0 .t~i(O'O~S'Z..- o~)
    3 10

    -:. O. O~"'f ~31k:S

    3-ZQ
    'Pf20BLEM 3.41

    co.} Refr;,e('(I.~t /3'1 (I. j p:l~O l~llk2.J h:. '00 Bkvlb


    fy(1"M ~; ~f ~ h.:. hS ,
    =t> two - pht.c.se./ (i!c,(.itA - v'1>~ ~ l.')c ~c
    h - hi 100 ., £fif. Y3 T
    X= . : . .-::. 0.' $?> 8
    hf j 70.S 2-
    'l1":. u f + )( (119 - -v; )
    • 0.0'386+ (.'168\(0.335'8- 0.°'38')
    '= Q. 26 15 f1:::%ll,
    T:T~ :. 100.5"" of

    (&) Am mo )-tic..; T= 0 OF ~ 'IT =-/ S ft'/ /10


    T
    f".o rtIJ Tp.bk.4 - 13 E.; 11"9 ::. q. u 00 #JIIJ.
    "V" >~ =t>
    ~~ah~ VI..f<'r'
    IHferpolA.+'·""j '"" 7al"c A-ISS ~ R:; IB~8S 'l£bh:-
    h '= 'I S. 2 6kA11b

    ~) Rtfri~e"Q,f,C.t 2.2 ~ T=-30cF) tr :'/.21+3/ 1./0 T


    from Table A- 1 E) ~::. 0.1 f,oll #3/11,
    '\T >~ :t> ~Upe,rke(X.f-~J 'lmpor
    :r~kN'poJa.-h~ i~ ~ A-CJ E) ~ = ttl. "0 (!£It",~
    h ,. J09.f>o 6~/UQ

    3-30
    (Gl.l J../-z, 0 Q,+ p:"l 5 M Pa.. = 1 So loa-vo, T = 1(;)0 0c.
    from Table A· S; 1r = J. 03<-1 XtO- 3)')'13 ( k~ J h: 430.28
    (b) U5t ~~ .$a.kw-aJed / j bLtia da,~ .fyo".. 7ethle A-- z ~
    p
    1.T z ~ G IOODe. :. /.04'3 S xto- 5 3
    VV\ 11'-j

    Now) l,.L.~l -s E.~. 3.1 3 +0 e~h·MA.fe. 'specific. e\A-,",cJr-J


    1 - t ; - + - - - 4 - /50 bar
    h ~ hf ~ 1000C: + ~o 1000'- ( P- rSctt @ \.00°(; )

    :. 4Jtf.OLl I<T + I.C)", 3SXfO-=J~"'50-I.OI4) bQ.r


    Ioo-~ 1<..1 J

    (1;\tt?s f.J/~ ,., r I k J'i


    I/c,e.c.r 10 3 N·mf

    (j) :: '1IQ.o4 +/5.55 :: 434.St'f ,,::r/~

    l, lJofe -rkC(;+ ~ a IC00C. i.s A. fla..usibJe eS~,·W\a,,1e. -tor i1 I~ SO(}1e o..ppJc"ca+/,OIllS


    (w'+lA.~ abot4- .;?(,% of. fWz. -v-o-lue ~ 7'cJ"loQ A- 5).

    3006 Ibf/l~.Z.
    PRDBL.e~ J. 43 •
    l-I't-O ar T= 400°F) p:: 3000 t~lt'fli7.
    from Ta"k 4-5£: 1T= O.Of&31l( #i/lb
    k =31~.$"O 6kA./lb

    The spec;'+lc' volu.W\e o.-'A.d eV\+kcdpC1 values '-aM


    o.lso be. ~11'V\I\ctteJ us i Vj $e<;hAV'Cl"h·OV\. ~a:l-t;{ fro M
    Talole A-2E. ~'(\.Gl E~.s. 3.11 (A~ 3.1~ )_{'~~e.cl-wel~.
    V-z. ~(({OO OF) ~ O.O(~(,'f .f·P/(!:>
    CMMl.
    k~ h ( Co( ()O 0 f") T \If ("lOO,OF) [ f - rS'~@ CfOO'¥ J
    f
    =~ 1 s.t Llttt +
    b
    O.()(~lt>l{ :ft3
    lft,
    [~ooo l~
    \ "'~
    - .lQl.1

    3 -31
    J.I~o o:t T=20·C,,, ~at ~ F ~ 3DO 1I>a-Y

    troWi T",h/4t A- ~ : Psrd : D.D1. '33Q htW


    1.lf =/.OOIS x'o-~ 'tY).3/1C.5
    'Uf = 83.95 ~:r/Ics
    iIl.f = 83.9" k..:J Ikj

    from Tabl-e. .4-5 :


    r - b Iit4'" cr =Jo°c.) •
    ~s So 7S 'DO I Sf::) 2.00 2--50 ;Joe:>

    1rXI0
    3 J.e>a:ID .'t'l15 .Q,8Cf .~12. .qqSO .Q9z..a .9'07 .9g-8"
    t.L 83.80 83.105 83.50 8~3fo 83.0(,:, 82.77 8Z.lf7 Bl./7
    h 8"__ 3 0 88."5 qa. 'Ill Q3.33 Q7.'i9 /02."2- /07.Z.f/ 1£1.8,/

    25 50 75 too /50 ZOo ;tso 300


    A 17(°10) ~./2 0.2.3 o. '34 O.Lllc 0."8 O/(D 1.1/ J.32
    At(. (0/0) tJ.,~ 0.3(0 t!J,5'/ 0.70 I, oro /,'11 t.t» ~,J~
    Ak (010) ~.7tt 5.50, e.31 11.12 1(, b'l 2.2~21.- 2.7.73 '3 ~.Z.l

    o O~-+--+---+---+---f--"'"
    o 50 100 'So loo 2.$0 300 0 So /~o ISO 2.00 ,"Sb 300
    f - btU" P- bAr
    COMMWfS: -rk~ ~5es iV\ V (N~ f..,l. ac..re. Smtt tl O'f'et' & fressut"~ r4.iA1e. ik
    -I1\i..s p...o bfeM. ~, 1Jf ~ 1.tf ~r~ (-e&tsC>JltAhk tVPP'fO )c1~ ,,+,~s J ~s~c.fl ilel:f •
    li-owev~V'J h del/la..tes b~ over 30 1YblM ~ ~k.J lite ~pr()x/h4 ~ J" -a.Jsf
    % J

    is not rer4Dn.Ahl-e. N$ tw-~. 3.''''


    'Provi~es ~ ,'aM-i,(ole e~hHA~e. lSf k
    -(by UW'-p("t'S~d li1t.t,'tls. wheVJ Mloufa.r 'da-/A.. l.Ve riqf- ,,-vai!(J./aIe...

    3-3;4
    PRoBLE"tvt 3·4':)
    Refyi1eral\t 1340... 0..+ CfSo/=J I SO l"t/jH~
    "Ttl-vic:. A-foE..,. q')oFj PS04.t L28'.b2.lbfU.,'l. =
    ~ ..t...: tt u,'c1 ~~ -\c W"'e'" p:. is» l bf"'t1~

    v
    Uti -s 6,. "3." ) " ~ V-i cqS°r-) '= o. o13';J1 f/.3I.~ V,

    (,ls.", 6,. 3.1'1) ~~ "t (cr "r of) = '+1. '4 T 6 ~II~ .~. . . . ",

    f'RO!3t,i:M 3. ti~« l0 bt¢""


    A 1M"'*' 011\," 0. a.-t "2..0°(. I l MPCA. lO bOor
    '"&
    P~Q'# = ~. S1 <o:t
    ~r
    T o.~ leo A- f3 Q.+ "'2..0°C i PSQ.t: R. S, ~:t b~ r 1-44----¥:O- 2.O.c
    ~ l, '( \A.~~ s~\.t.. W ~ t. "'" ? -::. lObo. t""
    Us', ~~ G?>. 1>.l\ i "V ~ '\ t,-O°c.)\ -.:. if (,g~g(, ~(O-~ ~
    W'lll

    us,~ E=?>. ~.I<.{i ~ ~ ~~C-z,oc>c.) ~:21~.(.~,t(.!/"

    - 'P~6LEM '3. 4-1~


    P,o~().~~ ~+ ~O() (c.P~ I o-c
    T ~blt. A-l1 at {? b().r I Ts~+ -= l<i. ~3°C
    ~ I t 'I \4\.cA S +0..+ to- T
    Usi~ e~. s.ll I v- -:c. ,,+(0°(,)
    "'"1 ~)
    = l. ~~O ~lO k5
    UC;\-5 Ey. 3.l4, ~ ~ ~~ (0 0c.)
    ::. Cfs. ( ,,1"I k1

    3-33
    JWOWN: 5ct~t'"a;{U< wa;{-eY' \ro..pcJr is (OYl-#a.£keG( ,~ ~ ri5'(.( fo..rAlc.. o:t ~ tMW)-J
    iVlif{t:t.1 +-~~p.e"'(A.Iu,(e. The pre~,u.V'f2 d.t'''P~ ~s CA. re..su.1t tt tvue.tftrtttr.fe.y
    fo A. k.l\,fJw., ft~4-( v~lue..
    FIND: :Deteyml~e the ().MCUK1 t;f eHe..rq'j itaMster b~ kt4t.
    SCHEMA-T,C, i Gr IVEtJ 1)A-TA:
    p
    I~"'---,
    I
    1 1-/2-0
    I
    ,
    'l :.-=
    Xl
    go 0 c,
    O. <DO
    I
    1»\ =. ~ k9 _
    .1
    : s~tc.:2. ~ s~i-, VtA.-pO r

    A;sSVMPTJDtJS~ (I) The. H-a-O'15 a.eloseJ S'Id..-m.U-) T£te. volu.Me 'IS. ~l1Sfo..."t .(~) /f)r ""
    T~e itj~~} W =o. , (If) l<1~ eric. o.wJ. pDfiKfto.( ewer-t)CJ ef.(.eck are ne..j'litJib1e..

    ANM.,'iSI~~ Tl1~ heevf ~fe,y is ete./,QYMI'vte& UlI.Itt~ fke ~eY'g~ l,o.lcu..tC€

    . ¥,:.. y;.+ />0 ~ a. _yrf0


    ~ or;w.i-L\ AU'':. M(Ll~-LC.,)

    Q. ::. tn{.u 2. -u, )


    USI~~ ckda. !rt>rn ta.b/e A-2
    l..{l :. tA",\ ~ ~l (u..~\- <.\~l) '::. ~~l{~~~~ CO, <DO)(~"l~~.~ - ~~"(.~lD)
    =- llo~1>. '2.<t> kS II,"~
    \If -::. \r{.l -to- ¥;, (~l - O"w) ': l.O?C\l )'(0)+ (O.(P())(5."lOl-l.01-(H )C(O-1)
    ':. 2.. 0 to( t( (p W\
    1
    / l~ ~

    n
    ""')

    e,,,,, I lA.~'" 4 T o...~ \e.. A -'J.. W -,{;", V"~ ~ <s- t.. -=. V"'c -=. 2. Ot.t \.( ~ kj
    T ~q1fS°c..
    o.~ot u"l,.~ c.A~ti>'\'~.S0c.. -==. ;;ll(q~.~ k:r (k:.j

    r::\~ l\y Q:. (2." ~) ( :2.t{ ct £( •~ - I <0 1..~. -z,~) "T/ "j
    Q
    CD ::. li S l. t 1£ 'r 4:

    I. ""-e. ~0 ~ v -e.
    ",," \ \.C\ """ .c.o
    C) t' Q.. ck to "'"' 0 ~ e, s e '" e. ~ "I "" r~ -cs '" to r
    1"'\ "-0 ~e. S '( S~ to "'"" •

    3-3 '1
    PR.OELE M 3. 4 ~
    t:NoWI\J: Wafer co"'+A,..... c:l ~ "'" ""'.,/d. J '·I1S'C..d4~c::L 1D.t'\#:. ,'s heo.*~ -n-o"""o-
    s-pet.'f,ec' iil'\i h'-t .rl~-\-e..
    FIND: De.(.er""""A~ ..,..""-4. .(;,...~ te """"p ~~~+u.,-e.. i -t-r.... wQ:fer:
    ~CHtMNrIC .!l bl v~ A.1 J)~ TJ1:

    T
    r--- -.,
    fI= /.0 M P0.-
    I ~"j I
    I I
    x, ': qO% /.oMPA.,
    I
    I
    ,
    I
    .
    <i2.:: ~oW
    I I
    I I
    A-C = 1.'15 h.
    1---

    AS~MPTlot-IS: I· "'T"h£ ~a~ r: ,'s ........ dcs~ d S'tS~W1. 2. Pr>~ -t&.... sys~ -.) W -=- 0,
    ~d AKe:.-::A'Pe=-O. 3. Vol..,wte fe_IM!'\$ COI'LrfrA,IIl1'. T""-' ,'",,'1rM "''''d "'"""j., +.
    Sf,..(,1 ot e e1 tJl Jl br r vIN\ QtA.feJ,
    AIJAc.:t'"S' s: 1"k.t v..I ves I) f
    -ft.vo 'I'\d e,~" d t".,;;f ,'", ~"'Sl ve r.A.Op~ ~t " e J Co"'~ re, Lnved
    ~ f.)( .fN .ftl'\~ S-\--+c.· S,I\ce.. ~ -Io+r.-t Vo(()jAA.< A~ 1'WtS'S' do kif
    C~II\.~-e J o.,~ 1 ~ek ts ~M .p,lI\~ tpec..e..fs'c. vplvfM.l!.: V:z.:::\I,. USiV\j
    d~ ~.- 7,.~ A-3,>

    "I':: "of + '< l", -,,~) : : I. ,'2. U


    ~a
    -t' O. q [ 0 .t 'it--'J - 1;.!3:j}
    ~a
    J
    ::: O. I =t- ~ I Y\l'3 / t=,
    T"'-e ot"'*... p-c.ol'~ ~ u1 ) tov 11\ cl -&-"""" A'" e "" e' ..., >' ""
    10 l A '" ~ •
    W~·~ '" t:\.sJtl""rfi D,., "2., ~

    ~U~+~::: Q-;P
    i=:> lM{ltt,-l4 I / :: (S{ ~ 4'1.:0 C,.(, -+ CSL/IN\ C~)

    v,,1~ cl,.~ -ft_I~ A ~ 3


    4} ':' U.f + )to ( 1J1- U.f) := :rb I. 6 B t . ~ (2Sg 3.G. - 7b J•"'8)
    :: '2. ~ol· \f- \d(~
    5
    ~ J ~I·~IA Cil::: ci~ ': QAt.>
    '-(~ -_ "","0 I· Y +
    \ E!; \ I ~ \ \E-l
    IW lh, /rJ:J'

    -= 2.E:d'2... I=:r
    ~
    US,' J115 6+~~~j 15kOl-UYl on .f1A.-t. i-v d.;~"'(.l.V\1 fo..r Y~~ev,,:e; V; ~V; . :ClA,-kypola..J.'~j
    ;11\ Table A'~ ~~\I~s) u9 :;2.S'e"1 L:'J'/~. S/~(;e.. tL~~U~ J sJiAAe z, i.s ;~-;t..e.
    SUfe d-tewfe4 v¥o-r r..e.~ .-811\ J as S k.ovrn O"l'\ 'ffAt. -fifJUh'e.
    . iluts, s~ 2. is' .f.-i)(eJ ~~ Ul..:Z.,"/~ k,~/lcj 1 Vz.:: 0.li51 W\3/~. St~ce
    'tlkypolet+''''j 1&\ Table.. A-4 LOI4-~ t.("Z..1 U'a, 's ,,,,c.&J;\ve.t1·~..vf) we resOr-T '-Ie'LtSUt1
    7M4.et<icJ"veThev'l1oJ.tlYlCt\MicS': If -1-0 d-efermil1€ Ioz.) as souooss:

    3-35
    p1 =10 /I bar
    x1 =0.9
    Qdot = 60 IIW
    deIt = 1.95 /I h
    m =2 I/kg
    v1 = vsat_Px( p1, x1) /I m3 /kg
    t 1 W a t e r I S t e a m tl
    ,
    t1WaterISteam",
    u1 = usat_Px( p1, x1) /I kJ/kg
    m * (u2 - u1) =Q
    Q = Qdot * delt * (3600 11000)
    v2 =v1
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam p2, T2) tl
    ,

    u2 =u_PT("WaterISteam p2, T2) tl


    ,

    IT Results
    T2 198.7°e ...
    -4I----- T2.
    p2 11.59 bar

    3-3/0
    PROt!JLeM 3050

    KNO wry; Refriqe~a.tA.t ot(,. is COMpressed from ~ fJ ,'ve", ilf1itiet( stale to A ~lVell1
    f,.Atl( t'~~su~. 1ke,..~ is ItO k-ea.t 1Y4t\sfe....J a. Yld -I'IA.L WOyte °L$ lc.t\owho
    uu» .]e~ e Y J\'\ ihe. ile ft~L I +e Mpe ra:hJ.t'e •
    Sc HE.MMI C. J G I VW J).+TA:
    r
    III
    r.::. 30 llof (j","2-
    T, =- ::z.o 0 F
    -+-----~~1_.30~
    pz. :: LhO 'l..fllok~ 1.- _
    a.2
    ~~
    il4"'-

    W::::-O.Sb 8k.L
    \J"

    djSUMPTlDNS: (I) The R·/3'1tt is (4 dosed s<isfe,~. (2J T~ere is no k&t 1rdKs.fer.
    ('3) K,i4eHc (A~a po+e/lttiaJ eYlef9':1 eFfeck are. nefj li9,h'e .

    ANALVSIS~ ttxed bcj ~efe.rWI/·lIli~


    The fliA~( oHL4e is Uz. U.sliA~ fkeenerfJlj b~lauce.
    A.h 0
    +-6.+9'£ t.6V =-/f-w
    o D

    o~ wi.,..'" AU:. m(Lt"&.- Lt., )

    l<e+e.Yr"I;"'g to Tobie. A- t2E.j tAl ~ Ci~.2lo 6+UILb. ilu.t,s


    (- O. Sb BAA)
    t,(
    Z.
    ::. -
    ( 0.04 f Jc, )
    ..... 'I'10. 2'-10 a t.·,lb
    'OJ TV-

    =. J1 O. 2ft:1 e I-u I t to
    r<e+err-l"'~ ~~tA.ilA -10 Tal,'e A... 12 E. j ~ "t. I Z t , to 0F",,~~ ~

    3-31
    'PRoBLE fv\ 3. s I
    Ke ft..i"3~"ol\t 13+0.. ;'" tao f's-Iol'\ -~ I.."ue,.. ~S'SE"""""'j v .......Jllrj oe-.s
    ~+- eo,....d""f pw'\Ass~rc b-e-ft..v#'en -kuo lc,-u","" .s~tes.

    r-----'
    II R\'S-\-o..:'
    I I
    1 - - - - - -'

    p=. 8b-...
    s;..~ I: s~..f. '/tlopor
    -ri: !)OOC
    V V
    A-S.sUMP"TlOt-JS·· I· T"'-' It. l!~~ c4 ...... <-Lc~~ syS'ff """. 2.. P~81'V.f'te i s c:e &-\ S hi 11\'1'.
    3. fbr ......... .ry ,t.{to_ ~ f:::~::. .ope':. 0

    A~~\","($'S: w;-l1--. ~$~\"'''''}OHC7'''2. At\d d.A.f... -fr,........ T~ A'll.


    ~

    w-::.l I
    pdV:: p (Vl.-\r,') :: '1M. r(\S"l-\J",)

    'N{w..-:.. pC\I"l.-V';) = 8bM'} 'OStJ/IIliI.'l.\ (0.02.844_ 0.


    \ Io~,..
    02.511-7)",,'1
    tc.a
    -::. 2.3'2 'r<:S /~ 4!f

    A-y.,t'\ 'to "'j 4il"'- e ",. v ''1 b "" l A 1'\ t..t. ~ c!..~ fr """- T ~ A -I 1..
    .,D\j-t- Drzt-+ Cift = ~ -W
    CQ -:... c -U- --t \AT
    : "'- (1.(1. - lA,) + W
    ~ ~ '; It.\l..-l.<,) ~ ~
    ~

    ::> (2~I.b2.. _ ').4'3.T~) -+ 2.'3'12-


    :. '20.2.3 ~oJ~j ~

    S. ~
    ~(I.A'l. _ ,.<) + pLV"\. - v. )
    ':. \\~ _ \.0\ \ l $ .... toe Pt.: P. ':. p)
    c...,~ d..~ f,-f/IMo ,,,.'e A -\l.
    ~ = 28'l./-. ~ '1 - 'l..Jo,/·I)" ~ 1-".1'1 ~\J/~,
    W\,

    3-38
    ~NOc..vN·· SA-h4t"o.1e.cl I,') u,'d wo.+e i~ c.oolecl ~ ~ uo.s~clJ r;gJd ~"k:.
    to A. ~l'\AJ. .s+A.~ (....,f.'ere s~f\.Ar -kd h'1u,'d A.l'\d VAf0r- ~""t p('e~",i.

    ~: 't).e""e('~·l'\(" ~~ h.CA.'" t-Y-A.Ii\.l-fe.r -for +1\(" pA..Q<.c.sr.


    SC.H~N\t\TtC ~"IVE.t-J \:>;'\"7,41

    V, =~
    T2.. = 50·c

    m f ,. ~ ,qq'l.c'fi k..9
    1'\1~ 2. :: 1).03 kj
    '-_.
    '\r
    ASSIJMP7/ot-JS: /. T"~ (..uA,+er t s -rl-vi c...co.fecl s.yS'~ ....... 7. T"'~ VOlvlMe.
    IS co~s+-~'L 3. /C-t"e.n·c A"c:1 po~""h.-t e"",.e,-,y C"'-Q.~-e..r ~re.. a..bS'~Ii\.-I.
    4. TkA i~f-iM ~",c:1 ~,,-t s~+e.£ o..~ e'iu~ 1.'J"r,'v"",,- S'~~r.

    ANAL.'t'~IS: -n-.... ~eA.{ tv-~ ... s~ is ..p."""c:l Ui\If'.' c:l'1 "?""eV"~) 'IoAI4"'U!
    A~ +¥G -to £) 1.r:: CQ-)W"
    ~ CQ. ;::. .c-U-
    '; U::l,-\..J/

    S"0, '::. Vl'\ loll -e ~ tA.f (7;)


    L "tTl. ~ W\'\72. l.41. ... ~'l. urZ..
    S-\-o..~ \ ~ ft'l«O 00 ~~+v..rAttcl.J..J.'i'v I'd D..lf\.d Vt = V2, J w"e~( w,·~ ckfr-
    fr- T~ A_l
    ,,~: \'If\~a. ".flo -+ IM'l Vtl.
    ~.f&. ....... ,l..
    ;: QCiq,.'t? ~~)(I~~) + (c.o3 \1:1-) <.!z.oJZ .~ )

    Usi~ "1'::.V"l..,
    = I. 1 9 3 )(.(0·3 ~
    , 1.000 IC9

    ~""c! \I'\ol-i"'" ~ sf-a:ta ( ... ,fA.:t1<lt'tld·~tl ,,(.iqv,·c1; TI4h. A~2. "V~ T1,.. -=- '2.:tz.°C
    dl>\.c1 ""', -e, Vo.f/-= Qet-C4\'2. 1C:::1/JJ:;.,

    "'U'j ~ ~ooo ~1') (Q\L.f,'2- lCJ/~J-:::\·~~h 'f..{O' ICJ


    tr}..~ C\,'tq~.tf7)("Z.o'.'32.)+ (o.OJ)(~~'4=1.~):::'O.4/~ '/JO"KJ

    (Q:: Ct:>. 4t~ ~fO'" - l· Mob "{..fOc. )~'J


    -l. ~77 }\lOf.:J lC-J

    3~3't
    P~BLEM 3·S3
    KtUO(J.1N: Re!r-.·,era14.f I~Q. I.1 l11 d tl t", Des A.. ~C-#.s.s -fo..- <.v"","'c.J,... flrl1 :, COlll.$+~v,1'
    be+wf'~" +tvu SP*'C4 f.·eel S+-''''.S.
    FI"-'t>: l)e..J.e",~'I11~ +t.-...t us or k: C4/1t,<:i. heA.-f ira l1 J' far ~ ~ ~CoI ~S', .eA.C&'" r-:
    111M+ o-f W\A1'S.

    SCt"'tM~T( C <£ (;;,1 Vt,N Pf\T1't~

    ?
    -r-_"'_~,~'L__ 1000 1:. Pc:\.
    P, : z.oo I::Pet. JOo )\
    ,
    T :: - 10°(;. ;.v p 11 ; const
    p,. = I() 00 /c.PA" +-1-----~~200 1cP~
    T :: .sorc: ""00
    f tr 1\:: Co n st. Z. c
    V
    ASS()MPT(O~2>: I. Tko. r~f,..ljerA"""" c.;.; a.. c...to&-ed sysff..""". '2. TA..A froc.~rJ
    w c:leserllaed. h a P\T'" -= e.c>~~t\.~. '3. lC,rte-ftc AH.c! ~ff"h·i1-f. ek.erro
    ewds on~ V\e~~ibl-e.

    Af-.:lA-L.'( S'I s: Us; ""3 E1 . 'Z.. I'r

    ~ : n- = J v~ ~
    'fJ"', 1.1", 1.1' ...
    d vr

    = P'I,. V"-z. - P, 'OJ ~)


    , - 'y\

    TD fllAJ the. ~O\~ttC9~\C. ex~oY\~lA.t V\) we. fi,rst MU,&+


    oe+env\ \'V\e ,,-\.\.tt -h~A. \ srec.L-fic. VOlu.Me.s. u~ l ~j Talo\Q. A-12,
    +~e. \'\1\ i+ it:l\.l
    3
    'PI = ,200 kP~ ~ -r; :: - 'O°c, =l> ~ : O. oqQSB m / Icj

    F-z:: 1000 kP~) 7;. = 50 Dc. =P' 'l.T'Z.:' ().()~/7{ ~3/1~


    ,"'-u.s} for ~ fO\<jtrC!>plc.. ~r-t?cess
    Fi v-; 1-1 = r: 'tf':z.~ :::f> ~3 ( P~/ J',) = "f\ ~J ("r, /1:1"-a.)
    1\ :. ~~ (fz./ Pc) • I.~ ( &000/20
    0)
    :. 1.058
    19~ (VI /0-...) lo~ (.O'lti3S!.O'2.\"t)

    Xn sc-r-{i~j v~ j"" 6
    0, (~J
    Jl! _ ('OOO~o..)(O.02J"Il\-\)/~)
    m - (1_ (.0 SB)
    - (1.OO)(.Oq'l~8) l'O~N'~ll'
    l~PGl
    ;
    10 N·~
    \J

    :. - 31. ~ 2. k.~/~~ W/VV\

    3-Lfo
    The hea.+ -fra.nsfer is .fo(A.~J h'j tL.n"'1 A"l ene....g!1 b""~"'ce
    o ~o
    ¥+yE-rAV ~ Q-W
    Jl

    wi.fk .6U.::. W1 LU.'Z -u/ }


    ~
    Wl
    :: "-.1
    (u. z-u' ) +- .h:
    m
    FroY\1 Ta.hle. A-L2. j U,; 221.50 k;:r/~ ~M u'J.:: 1,SB.~8 ,,:rIles' ",,;+~
    +he. resvlt froM Problem 3.3~ -for W/m
    *. ; (:J.S8.lf8-2.2/.50) + (-31.l#z' k.'f( ~\
    = + 5. 3ft:, k:r/,,-~ --a ~/~

    3-'11
    P~06~eM 3.54

    KNDwN: RefrigerfJM,t J34 a. is CCMpYessed t j;. ('A, (fish>lfI-CAjI,'",aer a.sJemhl!j. The


    ,""it,~' ~lI\.e( f,~ocl sfa-k~ &tr~ ~nown) 4M.J tk.L work i.e ~110Wh.

    E.I.fn).: J)e~r," ,VIe f't,e hea. f fnutster.


    .sCHEMA-tiC t '" UN I>.+ro:
    See SO{U.ftC11 10 Problem 3.37.
    MsuMPTLQN~~ (Il Tke refriq<l.rdMt is A. closeJ sySkt1l\. (2.) KJ~etiG (). ....J.. pofe",ttaJ
    6l11erg!J efiee-k are ..,e~1 i,ihl.e.
    llNM8SL>~ The heaA- -hu1ltskr'"' ·l~ k-u~c,.l b':1 Lt{l~~ 0.\1\ energ'1 b"'('H1,e
    Ayl~~~A1J:: Q-W
    wl+1A AU:: M(U.~-Lt,)

    Q = 'M(U'1.-U.,)-tW
    From Ta~Je A- IlE: ~ u, ~ 'i'1.c,'1 BMIlIo ~ U2.:: IlD.Ge 6-fu./lb. witL.. the
    resu.tt t<OY\l\ ProbleM 3. ~, ftw"" w
    Q :: (O.OLl 'b)(1l0.(gf>-q1.~'7)6h.vlb + (-1.o,2. BAA)

    ~!) = - D.Lftflfo ~00IIiil'4ill----------------~


    ---------------------------
    r. The heat- tra.t\s+er is !J(I..,t Df tlvl S~!te.W\.
    PRDBLEM .3.55 *
    KNOWN: A two_phc<se j~uid- v apor rill ilChtre of l12.0 is srirrt,t:l. ,'"" lA..
    J /

    t\9i&) we.II-;lf\SIA.(et,:led tr.c..M.1c. ul1,ti I OYlllj sa.tu.m;fed vapor" remte.li.1s.


    8NJ:)~ Defer"m'Vle the QMO(.U1. t Of eYleY'tj'1 1r(Utsfe,. b~ wot"k..

    SCHEMkDc.. , 41VEN DA-TA:

    V~l -:::.0.00$ .c+3


    V ':. t, ';L ~3
    91
    p, -: ly.7 l~/l\i\"l..

    The werk. I'S deterM ilAe& CJ.SI i1q +lAe e.he.ra~ ba.leu-tce
    h.~o+ ~~ + AU=- ;I_Ow

    W:. "vV\(CA,-tA.-z.)

    U ~ ~~ cl. oJ-o. .c r ~""" T o..~ \t. A. - ~ e:-


    W\ :. V-', (0,005++'\) -:.O.",ctC\ \b
    .(:.\ """\ - (O.oU.''l ~"((b)
    M -:. V~, :. ((,~ .c.+") :. O.O«'<S lb
    ~, v-91 (").c. .'0 ~'\ (f ~ )

    )( I ':: W\ ~, / ( W\ +\ ~ W\, \) ':. O. 0'( ~/ ( 0. 't.'tC\ + 0.0 l{S) -= 0, (1 \

    4., -:. U-,-\ + )<, (tA.~c- \.\.c.,) ':: l<dO.\O+tO.11.l)(1011.~-l~O.lO)


    =. 2.'t, . 'l ~-\-v.. ( Lb
    \I"'~ -: V-c -= (V.t.\ +-V~&) /( N\~\ +- ~9') '::. (V2.0s+V}1o,l.ct'l+-o.o({s)(b "="'!.So:\~
    I",,~~r~C) ~()..{..\",~ \~ T Ow~ le, A-1 G (P'~ ~ ':::~.'S'o~ ~\/fb ~ \..l~ ':.llO,\,~~-Ma
    'I ~ 1i
    "{::,......ll'(
    \AI -:. (o.1..q,C\ ""O,O\.(S-) (1...q,·7 - tl OCt~)
    ': - ;l.l't It. ~~u.. E - < - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    I, Th to v\ e.~ 0.. -\., v e, 5 i ~ '" "-0 r W 0 .. k. fA" ""-O~ e.. S -e "'" e. "f'i +
    t"'(). ~s ~e. r
    l "" {..o V\.... ~ s y~ ~ to. ~ I 0...<; e 'IC P e.c {e..oL
    3- £13
    .ole
    PRo8LeM 3.5"

    KNOWN: lte.c"'<ttl~V\I\-?.2.e)("Cout~ ;&-\ eA.. f\sl-O'"-L.c.jli",,~r ((.sse."",I0~ +roY\;'\~ Ic.\.tOW\I\


    i",;+it1i s+~~e +0 A . k.lA.own +liA",l pyessu. ...e. (he ~f'essure ... specific volc.\.t1-fe
    f'.e.\~·h~ IS specL~ le~.
    F IlJ D : ]).(,+~V'Mi v\ e. -l--lAe \.\.)DV"k.. ~V..J ~e..c.t.+ -k-ClV\st-er, ~",-ck p.e.r \.l"-'+ M(.dS.
    ~ M6l1\ !rTlC i G-\\I ctJ 1) A-1'A :
    / a.c.c.f\~tr'().",,\-Zl. \l -: :2. 4. 0 c, f
    1 : )(,o:o.qS-
    (I :=J--+ P'Z,. ': t.o bo, f'" .2Yc
    I I-+-------T~lIOb(.l,r'
    P'\T::'~~ :z.
    AsSUMPTLONs:(nThIl ((2'2. is l-h.e. c(ose~
    $~~+e..M.~:l-) :DLU'I'i19 +he. "Y"o~e('~) p'V' =-'-C'flsf'attX, ..
    (") klHeftc. aM.d pof.ewl-iA.revteV"~y eUeck are. ~H~j ,,~,lt.)e.
    MAWS! s: 7J-te. work. is cJ.e4-.e.VWl iVi eel LUI ~ ~. '2 ./7 a.lf)~ w·,-I-t.. fL.e.. 9,\le,V\
    l' -'tT r.elce.+itrM. -v:
    Va.
    W =- rtAV: f~ M J p~ z,
    1.i ':. V\'\
    J '11
    &. ~
    CO'V"" • d U"
    ~ ~

    WA~ p''\}::. um.s+. - 'PI '\Jj


    / ~ =- Cr, 1T, ),Q~ (:~)
    ~ U~I~' d.~ .frr;'M Tttble A- 7 j '11'; = 1}.;, + x, (vg,-1f,) = 0.0'Z:2.( m 3 / L,) Pt :.10.((.(( belr ~
    1\",,~ 1\)2.= (..u)~:: (lo.((P(()(o.o"''Z9=(),;;t~'{~ rn 3 /1ut
    r'Z. . (t.o) ..J
    CD tuwl 161 =(IG./(,Ifba.r)( O.O"l:Z \ m3 ) /lOS ~ln\~lr IlT ~ (O'''l'Zl(<O \ =52.\!sT ~
    ~ ~ 1 b",r 10' N''''' 0.0 Z:l.l) ~j ~ ""
    ihe he~ + tv-t'\\.t S.(:.(.V- 'l'{ fou.~J USllA~ ~ ell\ev~'j btl ((;\f,\c-e. Wl~ (1'S\;\~f\4-lO'1l\ :3
    t;<~+~o+AU = ~-w
    Q."l.& AV::. ml(..(,.-t.{,)
    ~V\"\ =. (Ll'1. -u.,) + W/W\
    Fv-oV\'\ Ta.bl-L It-l o..-\- ~4°C./)(' -::Olcts- ~ LC.,:' !A.f + ')C,(l.t 3 -u~ \ e 2:2S.gf.( Ic::r/~.
    Also} ill\+eY"?o\ed-\~ \\1\ "'t(~\-e. A- q ec..f f-z.= t.o Ip~r) '\),..=- O.2,c{<t;l ~3(" ,,,"yes
    lA7.. e, ;US.lt.( \c.~/~. ~\~ce.ll~ _
    ~/'{Y\ :( ~rS'.l\.{ - ~2.S. ~l{ ,) ~ 4- (S;l~ l k:r/~)
    (9 :. 4~.O It:'J/lc.j ...---------------~th

    3-44
    !Kr-Jowtv ~ A "-~oUJ~ cxvnf)~;' ef H~D o....t- "- ~f~ei ~\~~ il'\i~\ed pr.eS~IA('e is
    (,oV\-H\\e~
    ;'0 C1V\e... S \.M l!>t- ~ 'f~\C( I wt.ll ",~IA\Cl.teJ.. c..~ffA.i~"et'-

    \o~ e, () .. V"+\h~V\.
    \h'!. pOlr\+\f:rt\. \S r-e.~o".e.J ~~ ~ H,-(!) e..)(,~o.wt.s
    \~\ti4P\l~ e."ld(.v..cd( J. 5\o.tZ.) '("-e~dA.\",~ ~ .s~~ci fiU( pl'ess(J.V"~
    iY\to +l.'Q.
    W~eM. t.\uA\\\"Y·\.U.~ is ~-t+(}..\.\Ae.J...

    F \NJ> : 1>.( ~.e"V'V\\\l\e .H,"Q. lJ-1 i+l'titlq,v.ali t~ Oc.tA4 -fLtt. ovev« U volu.Wle of +k e.G" fa l·l-telf".
    SCb+eMAnc. t (;, \veN DA--TA:
    tI//////// I / / / 11 1 ,/11111/111111111
    /e 1/
    j '"'" 0 -eva.tv.Q.f~ / ~ j
    / 1+__ 0
    ?
    I
    -t-------T-- too \kf/iY\~
    7 #3
    /
    1
    Z. \1,
    II/
    . 1/
    I,~ /
    I
    P,.: 1.(0 11.f/l~1 ~

    ///////////////1 1 / /~/~/~/~/~/"'/"'/~I1--:-11-/--I-/..Ji',

    \V\\ t-\~\ ~ -\-o..-t(, : 7- t\ \.,~ \ s~+~:


    f, ':, \.00 \b~";"'. p,. -: 40 IbfltM~
    'X :
    \ .
    7
    . ASSUMPJ\C~S : (I) The C.OYl'\e.w\-s 0+ +"'-e. +6..V\\c.. a.'("e.'i'he clo$~ s~s~W\,
    (2) The e.Xpa.V\Sl~ eccvvs W\~ ~o ",o\"k o c V\e.t\.-+ ;.vQ.~sW. (3) T~e
    VOw..M.e. of -#.J2. ~V\.k_ i s (..(J'y\.s\-a.~t.(Lt) -r~e. o..Y'~ V\t> c..v...o..V\,~s \~ k,\.-\e.hc.
    or- ro-HvA,t-\.cd 2N\e.V"~ ~ ,

    ANAI..'iSIS: fIVS+) VJe. solve +~ ~'("()b'..eV\'\ CW\Cl~Hc.etl~ .I'hell\ ~ we. u.se. +~


    ,S'o.(:+l.O(Ave. III1"-t.Y(.(c.f,Ve 1h.~V'"rMot{~""tll""'i(s: II. Be51'", wi+Lt t1Ae. -I-okJ vdlLl~
    V =- VVl ~ + 7 #3
    Whe.Y'e m ~2..lb. Also, V\O+I.A,9 -{"'cd- V=- Y\'\'U'oz. .)w'!. ~e.t
    '1.Jz. =- ~ = '\rl + 1 .et.3 =':;:> "tr'2,,::' -tr; -+ 3, 5' ++~I /1o (11
    21 b

    (j) lJow) ~ o.,~ I\t'-a. CtlIV\. b.e.. e~rV'esse.& \~te.V'V\I\.S ~ +£vLci'Aec.li.+'~~xJtM.-..J.)(z.,


    '(.e.sr~c/\-we~
    1J", ::. V".f l + 'X I ( \f'5' - "f I)

    '\5'2. :: ~'L + X~ c..1)~ ...-'\.i~1.')

    ~1+ 1(.,..{'\Tj-L~-a> = ~l +'X, ('\J""?-l-~'\ + 3.5


    Us \~~ a~ htrM Tab\e. A-.3 E'..
    1>.0"'" 5 of Xz. ( 10, SO - 0.0171 S) =o-0117'/+ 'X I ('1.I./31{ - D.OI71f./) +5,5

    1<2, (IO.~'6~):. ~\(~,'I11D3) + 3. '500~' ( z.)

    tJ 0 w, (). V\e v.c.V'td t e'"e V'Ii 'j bGd ec. ~c.e. V"Q e.c..4.s A~ f-.A"e: +AU =j£-)Id' => 6 U ::. 0 >
    or uz.':. tA,. J:V\ t..e.v~.s f)'f- s~+Urwf.e.J lilt.\ie.( Ct!MP. .se..+u.t"Me~ vctf01"" k~
    uS,..-+ 'X2. (~~ ~:1) e, U..f'. + 'XI 1.lA." - U.f,)

    3-45
    -

    23Cd,03+:x,ltot\2.3-l3b,o~).:; zea!>.$'" ~l(tfOS".8-2.1t3.3)

    0'(' ?'2.(i5CD,1.1) = ~1(gOi.'5)+'2.27 (3)

    ~xp\"-es$io\lU' (~) Cl~ (3) el1.C~ \~vol,,'C. +"'e. U-V\k.IltOWh '~(:l(l+;eS' X)~1i'-cl Xz..
    SO I "'~j $1\·"""+&\~e.Ou.S I 'j
    X = O. 500" ~ ....4.....----------",
    I D.V\a.l'j-\-iCA( Y~Hl+S
    X2.:. o, S"''{·8
    U~,~~ -Ykse. Y'e.su,lk ~\·"e.s '\F,:::' 2.2"2.8'1 -+f3/Ib) 1T~:::' 5.i28"1,,(!·Pllb}~
    V :: II. 't S i ~ os .... . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V

    T~e IT cock. is ~u.d"\ loess ,'lI\volveJ +"'e:t~ +~e CtHA.4J.f..ic.A,{ Sl)(L(+I~)I\ •


    .sev~V\ eXr'i'e$S\~~ ce.Y'~ wri-\t~V\ ~~ ,'iA\I<Jlve. +lAe. S-eve.A UlAkJ,towl's',
    V» ~I >1J'l.) 2<., ?(~) (A, ) lA, ' -r~e e.~~·h·ol'\ ~o\v-e.V" solves ~u.+oMcd.ic.4l\,(~)
    tu itlAO\A;+ ,+\,A.e ne~ -to -fu.Y'"-'er vY\"-~ \~ I.ot.\a.~c. +L,e. e.>C(> t"~~Ho",S (J.l~eIoYAka Itt.
    1l1e. c.C)a~ .fo ~\ows
    =
    p1 100 /llbf/in. 2
    p2 =40
    m =2 /lIb
    V =m * v1 + 7 /I ft3
    v2 = v1 + 3.5
    ~ v1 =vsat_Px{"WaterISteam", p1,x1)
    v2 = vsat_Px{"WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    =
    u1 usat-Px{"WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    u1 = u2
    u2 = usat_Px{"WaterISteam", p2, x2)

    V 11.46 1. IT ne ~(,{,ts
    x1 0.5007 j

    l, ,hiS g$SUWles +kcd ~tate z, 1~ ilA -lite. +Wo-r~e .li1uid v~ 'fe.tjitn1.... l-f
    S~-te. 2 is Cldu.cd(d l~ -»te sUferhett.+ed "~o.r .,.e..~\~.) "X, q,\l\i.Vor )G ~ £..OOu.let
    +llVv\ o lA'+ (o be. r~'1 sleA tL.,,\ lA.1f\ 'fea-{o{)o.lole) tlw.t it wo\.(.ld. be. V\ece~stlr~ +0
    W\ 0 tll~~ +'\Ae. so hA..+ltn\ 'M~+tAo&...
    2. 1tteY'"e ',s e.x.c.eHe'-tt ~9r.eeme.lI\.* loetwulI\ +\"'e Cl\o\u\'jtiaJ uwll..OWQu.4-« resLtt-is.
    ,,"tJOLO~: 'Na.t~v- i~ coo\eJ M- {OVlS-ttl.V\t r,<,es~U(e -'TOM 5"tureLted ,,~or 40
    SGl·ht.r~tee4 li'L\i~.
    F\tv D '. ]).ete("m\~e. "''''e ~ork. A. ",e.t ~~+ -h-AVl~+er o.....,.}.. S\tO~ +-~Gl.+ +lAe
    ~eGl+ -\Y"CA,V\s.(:ev- e.\v..~l!. +"-'e. clAQ.V\..j~ \\1\ ~",+",~\~,
    SC!;\E.f..t•.ArTle. 4 ''''E~ 1:>~""A "
    f

    p:. lOO k PA :: \ !pc.\r

    "...
    A2SlJ MP1lQb\S: (I) The w~~er j s fhe c.lose~ s~s-te""" (-z.' -r1.tle. ?~SS\.A.r~ \:.s.
    CO\l\sto..""t. (3) k,'iAe-t-lc. o.\I\.e.t. q>ok"'+,.....( eY\er~'j eHe.c.ts Clre. 'V\~tt.ct~.
    At\JAt..'illi ~ To (;(efevmivae. +ilJe work.) use ~. 2..1'7 alo~ w;+~ Ct'SU~P~L~2
    Vt..
    W: Sv,~cl V = P(V,- \/,) :: "'" f (\Y~ -ir, ) ( I)

    lA.~\~J J..C(.{.~ -tn>M


    TG\\o'e A-'3 J f ~ llo~.,.. .> '11", :'1r~ :. 1.~C\q 'M?>/~ ~~
    "\,j~~ ~ :. I .O"i '32)( lO-'3 'M' /~ . ~s
    W ::. (5 "-'.l)( 100 kP",) 110~ tJ~f..."'k I.D~3V"O-~I.fo'l~) - ; Il:~ktJ~",,1
    ': - 8Qfo.5 \C.~"'11 'i" /
    o
    .,.he hett+ -\vo.~s.(:ey i!. ~\A\'\J u.~,'~ +kQ. eV\eV'~lj Ioztl'tli\ce j ¥E. +~e+b'O = Q-W
    0

    Q=AV+W
    or I W'I ~ AU ~ M ( tA. '2. -4 , ~
    Q =VV\((A'Z,.-\..{, \ + W ('2.)

    wl·H", Lol, ~ u,~ :=. 2 Solo.' \c.'l/l~ ~ L<'L= U-f ::. 'ili. 3Co kJ'l~ .fro~ l'a lDle A-3

    ex. ':. (s ~)( '11'.'3le> - ~:SObll) l i + (- 84lD.S k:r)


    kj
    ::.-l\'2.,\O 1t.~4 Q
    Co m~\",\~ (\) ~(..z,)
    ~ :. VV\ (<A"L-L<,\ + VV\ \'('U"'t,-tT,)
    ::. 'W\ l + p-&.'\J2.) -(Ll, + r, U'; ) J
    (u''Z,

    Lu~-\,l,. ~:. u.. + \> \S Q,~ aM"- froM Tttfo\c. A-'3


    CD Q:. VY\ l~L-""\1 =(S)l 11.'itD-2lP15,sl ~-lll."O k:r
    l. ike. r~u..tt ~. e velorQ.J ~eYe. toY' Cl closul s~S-k.M is O'Y\~ 'J'llL'J .fo.r ~ ~
    'P(eS~l.lV'e ~~oc.ess.
    PRDBLEJv'I .3.Sq

    l<NOWN: So3<.tro.fed So/id. wetter" is nea'-+eJ o.t ~fawt ~sLt"'e -It> sa.1u.~JeJ
    Ilfui a.
    FINlY. 'De..fer"mi"te +k WDrk. ~ he«.t 1tuHsf!er. ShOW +lv.ct -/I1e. he4+ -In.tn~Y"
    ~wdS -flu. d\.Q."l,e itA t.J1.+"'ot1~·
    SCttBMA7JC. 6 G\vw DMA : f solid

    ~: fr\p\e. poi"",\-
    ~. se\lct
    SMe 2. ~ .xd-.''" "'-, ~

    (l)

    ~e. h~ +ra.nster- is fou.\A.d. l/.S\'&f)1 AM. e\.\eyo.,'j boJ."-,,,,~e..


    A 1(£+APE. + AV :. Q.. - vJ
    or, ~;,+i\ AU e, ~ <'Ll~ ... u, )
    Q ::. Vh(U,,').-U.,) -+ W (2.)

    troVV\ T oAo\e. A- (.,; u. \ '::. - ':3 3 ~ .l\O \c.7 Hc.~ I w.-l -rr0W\ TC(~\e A.. 2. ; U. 2= O.C>O •
    ,\\.u.S
    Q -:. (\ ~)[ 0 33.~o')1 ~
    S
    - (-3 "" (- 5. Lf2.BXtO k\J")

    :. '3 3 '3 •L\ \c::r~ Q.

    Co~ \>," \~ ~ i:'{£O. (q ~~ (2)


    ~:: "WllU"L-u',) + W\p£'1.i-z,-'\.T\)

    :. '1\0"\ l (u''l..T f U"'Z." - (u, to ~ Vi )1


    :. Y\" (h'2.- ~\ "
    3-'Ig
    PROl?>LEM 3. "0
    I(NOwN: A ~Y"ee- pht..se I 301 id -I ifU.(t;( - V~O-r m iktur-e f).f /4..0 a.+ +~ -f,.:lpk

    poiVlf;~ l1e"fet! at (,oY\~ta.t,A..+ i,rL',Sl.4,y"4! +0 Safu....titfeeA vapo-r.


    FINO.: DeterWlI"e +l1e LUork tW.J kec.c.t -IYttllLs+er'".

    ""l11 ~ a : I Jb p
    \ W\f,:' Lb
    W\~h : 0.2. 110

    "W\.[j'l. =2.2. Ib
    tnple PO'Kt
    A-J5uMeTlQA1~~ (I) -rite u,o is ta.. c.lo!eJ C'CJ,I-eM. (2.) Tkte. pre&5 v n:! is
    Ct»tSf"o,l;f.t .(3) I<l~e.+ic. D4I1I\.d (fOkwl-irA.,f eJier-1fJ e~ects are. "e.3'i~ibJe.

    kAfA=kV5IS: The. work i~ &e+en~'\.\eJ.0."''''':1 &to ~.11


    'i&.
    w: 1Va VrJ-p = l' (Vz.-v.)

    Fro01Table. A- be: j P;;: D.0887 ) ~f./ t\l\7.. J T::& 3 z.o is OF. A-Iso
    Vi := a. Oi7'17 .tf~/ Ib ) tJ?J = 33 o 2 +,.~ I rb
    From Ta.lole A-2C: ~ V;::& D.D I b 02. #3/11:J. Tkus
    V.I = m.Co,'
    v. t ~f,r ~ + l11Q Vi
    v;.
    V

    : (I) ({J.O/iVi) + (I) (o.o,fp02.) tC.Z.){3302) =-UO.1f ff3


    V2- = (~.~) (3302) :: 1;1I#I/.'t # 3

    ~ W=(O.OBB7li;. J;F) (1 2{g4.L4-fs,"O.l4)f+ 3 I'~c.f '""'' 'I 'B~ I


    ,-H 2o 11Sfl"br
    :. lo8.1I 6kA......c:l14~ w
    ~

    To d-eA-eim,iA<2 t~ "-ted m~ster use +~ e~e~~ ~c.e


    AjE.f>+ 'jIe.i AU :. Q~W
    or,
    <Q =- ~U ... W
    A~'llIAJ w;~ d~~ .fn,m t1te. -/-tLbles
    U, = ~,(t(i+t\1-F,l.C.f+ ~,~= (,)(-CC(3 •.3lf)+{,){o)t(.Z)(IDl/.2)
    ::. ~D.~ e~

    o-"l.. :: m,9 z. ~ ::.~ .a )( l o ),1. 2.) =. ~:l Llto.to 6~


    M~a.~
    t( =- (2.Z'i,fc,.b - bo.,,)",- (lo8.4) ~22q'l., 0fu.~~ ~
    Q

    3-'tQ
    PRoBLEM "3.~ I

    te:-~OUJI\P w..-l• ..- ("Ol'\+-I"~cl ~ C\... "..stcM- ~ I'J-\~ &4.sre ....... /.o::; I'S heA..:.t~cI
    ~A- con~""{. ~uu"e -(0 I 16l..V-E' 0 IO~ ""e~"'j t::l.t <:t>~th:t"1'" VOlvlME.,
    Fllvr>: De4-e-Y .........·V\-4:' t~ lA-e_-t trA"'~r-r-.

    SCK~ M,,"Tt c... ~C.IIlE kJ Df\7~~

    Patm =1()() kPa


    1""_1
    I I
    I I
    ___ .J_...l _

    I
    4.5 em

    1$
    Diameter = 10 em Initial quality
    Mass =40 kg XI =25%

    A ~:.slJt--\ PTION&~ I· Th.Io u..o_"h V" t s .... <:..lo s~ 0 ry S'~IN\. 2.. T"'-e r--- U'l.At'f' lS
    COl'\$*-"'+ v",,\\\ +c...... piston """it -t-"'-o STo[7S'. 1. 1Yi'cho", bof'~~e",,~
    pISW'" AI\.e:t ~hlo\cl"....- I..e ,a II (~~ I j\A4 r of' d. 4-. R,... -f""""'-- 3YS ~ M'\/
    ..6PE ) A l<.E c.Q.t\ Q..e i 5~ie d.':>. d":' c.lI\S-+4,..t.
    AUAL'1"'&\5: To b~ ~ I''''' J of, lC. +"'*- .... """'~~ sf-4-e.r /0 e ..-led '» cittr'r 0,"" " :

    r-V ll'1...4 .. ,.,."W\. ~-\o..~ l 1.0 ~~eci b X{: 2.S'0/o Al'\d 'PI } wl.c4c."'- 14
    fu"....lll. fyu-. "fo r c~ to4lA~t<. ~d +~ PI'~~"1: ~ :fofce e:l<-ede.d b::d~wl1;e.r
    ~
    010'\ +INL J-c~~r' f-.c~ of +~ f\"+-O"" e 1~. it +e.-. p ~sto"" \.a..J~'j "'-f- -pf~
    --t'u fof'( f' ...eJ.,j. e r~d 0" +IA.. iop f-.c~ ~ 't ~ '" +~.rd'~:
    "1-
    p, A.. ~ Mpl'..rt d -+ P..~- A ) A::. it D"st It

    = '.S bA.V'"
    Si-oJe. 0.... ioS J;xoec.l blj Po-~ PI~ I.~ ~V' O-l'\"\ ~J'~e~.f.'c. Vl)lulM.t I va. ~O"""'"
    -t1- ~ \-e.l'\ ~ ~e~ J VA... -:: 4-. S" -v; ov- \Jo..:. ~. S \Ii J wlt..-.t.
    VI':: "fl+ 'lC1( "41-"fl)~ /.OS2t 4- 0.2S"( HSCf- /.~): O.1'ioS''t- IM.'3JIc.j
    v ~3 ~a

    ..... \f"".:= 4S(O.'l.QOSIf)= /'1t1i4 1M'1l':J

    '5'I\C4.. -yo. ~ V"¢ (I.s bAt)) ~~ 0.. ~ ~ ~ S"ul'e.r'~d V70r A..er'~ .. 0.()

    slAow/o'\ "'" ~ f'- \I etA .. "it"41M • S~ ~ ..; ~ xe et b'J \r~ ::. \T~ 4.... d P. ~ "3 bA r,
    "T~ toho-A ~3 ( 1:> w~ I-a.r c.; 2-

    Vl'\:' V ::. 7C/4 (0.1"" )(0.01 "'). -Z:~O') )<to-1- ley


    'V'I - O. 2ctoN W\7 l~ -

    3-50
    PI20BLEM '3.", ((owfd. )
    . $1\'\'4. -1~ ~ ~ '-"" o""lt. eo..\.$ 0 Co4,'A ~ cd e.ut'~ "f"'.c.. ((N\J +c..",,"" V() (VtAI-A..
    r()'+:~ '\ ~ f""'-Ul't, -t"*' ~tA....1 l.u~,..tc. ...;... oO+-..·... d /AooO ~ 1.A.14+C..-
    \JlI\c:l,p....,-ao U ~ o..~S.w..~t ~SltAr~ ~r&\,...S I'h-\J.f.l~ I 1:0 e.-!
    W=- J p dV:= F C.V4.- vt] ~ p I, v1. -Vi] : ""'p(\f~_ u;)
    I

    ~:=lol)«(O-4 i:"~)(I.slu,.)llo'rloJ0:'Lj
    I IoAor
    (3,r)(O.Zqt;>f'./Wt ) I~ 1
    J
    '?- J J N')V\

    :: 4l.2.3 \f

    D U""+ ~-+P'l::' (i,? - W

    ~ al::. ~-U-+ Cv

    ':::. "'" (U1.-(..{1 J -t- W

    LIt ~ t.t.fl -+ '1<., ( u,.- tAft)


    = "f.',,-.c=t4-+ o.".r("l.-n;."7- 4'-("..14)::. Cfio,/3 t::J{t=j

    To -M1"\.Cll.A1.) ;",4-~r~l~ w:.. ~;'-'f M 3b4,..


    Ie- 'lll''')· T"-O.....

    ~ -:. 0? 7"J'I.(o-~ ~J( 12.'- '].$"1- q ~.I1) ~ 11;:J/ 4- 4/' Z'3 J

    = ~:)~. ~ 5 J _=A!I-- _

    3-S{
    PROe,~e1 .3. "2

    KNOWN,: A J!1sfeM c.onsi.st/Vt9 "~H-r..O is GO"",prc.ss~d i."othe(,1I4all~ Q ~d ff".-et.1,


    is fiet:t.fed o.f (..()rtsl-ti.wt wiMrlile. ~ ~,.e. /'",OW)'\ 0.+ ea.cl\ of fkt..
    fnlAClp~1 5~+esJ a.~ -Hte wDrk is ~I'lowr\ -(of" pro~ss /-2..

    FIND: '])el-~,,"rn/~e the. hettf -fra.l1rfer ~r eacl« proc.es~.


    ~CHe~A-TIc. I GiveN DATA:

    sta'+e , : 'T, :: 300 OF


    \I, =;/.0 tf 3
    vv''l.. :. - 90. B 6'fc.c-
    5fa:!e. z: Tz.::' T,
    Vz. = q.o S .p.,.3
    S~e 3 : vJ =V2.
    73 ::: '20 Ifo.p.f,iA.'2.., 1.T

    AS$(JN1PTlDA!S: (I) dDsed sV.skt&1. (2.J Process 1-2. OCc.u.1S tCt c,C1J\Sk:c.....t
    The U).D is A.
    Te~ero.k.tf'e. ~ proce~s 2.-3 dec.u.1S' at t:.tM:lftu,c.t 1J'Vtut'kIL .( 3 J /(/k ef,c. ~
    FfilA-ftQ,( el1~!Y~!1 efl.eek are n(~/,'s ible.
    ANAiY5/~: F'f'st, t ix ead« 8f -fke pr''-'c.tpaC s~ks.
    SWe.I: T, ::.3Do·F I V; :: V. I'M = 10 .fI31/b. From Ta.bJ.e. A-'iE:; U, ': 110'1./ '*"lIb
    Skde 2.: Tz. :300°/=) Vz.':: V2./~ : eJf.OS/2,. 'l: ~. szs -Pf 31 1b * lwc:>-phiUe. (rable A-ze:)
    11"2. - ~ a. "I. szs - D.O/7~S
    1( : : . :. 0." 84-
    :L V;~- t1f2. 6.'172.- 0.01'1'($

    = 1..<t'&.+ "2.("';.1.- "<f-z. ) ::. ;u". s + {.(getS"I) (""0.0 -.;1".,.)::. 8~q.s 6+tAJllo
    1,("2..

    Skde3: ~ ='20 IbHL~2; va:: 't.S2.S. :r~-t-eY-roJC'(;h~ \'" TQIoIe A-4E:; t(.3= 8~tb 11"".3
    Nou»• L(.S. ~ ~ e rI ev'9 ~ bcdQM.c.es .p,y ea. cIA gJrt>ccss
    11-oce-;;s 1-2 : ~c:.f)+)Rtt T.AU :::. G..'l. - W 1'2..
    ~I~ .:: mll..\., -l..l.) + W, '2..
    ::. (2 UI»(8'tGl. 'S - llO"i.t) ~~Ilb -t (-ClO.~ 6~)
    =. - ~()O 6kA- 4 (\),7-

    process 2-3: ~r~.y-:+~;U =- Q:L.~ -~:


    Q2.?>:' Y\1.(L(~-U~)

    - ('J.)( I '''lD.3 - B~~.s)


    -= to 33." ~lu. .... ~
    PRo6LEM .3." 3*"
    l<.IJO WtV: Re+ri~eY'(lKt '31{" utf\.deV"eJ~es A. (A)t,S1o..1Il~-pruS(.A.Yt" ?r()~~s. -tu« preS~lA"<
    ~K.Ct tk.f. i~itlQ,( Cu\(;( -f,iAA( VdNtMes «r~ spect.fied...
    E.IDll>.: 1)el'erm'l4e -the. work. ~~ heat 'fyaJ'\s+er- for fM prDceCS.
    S(tfeMA-rcC, i C:rLVEtJ .DA-TA:

    , F; :: Pz. :: ~ 10 ar
    R-B'ia. : V, :. O.l2. ~J
    3 I-+---'-~-- 2. b4.+'"
    -- --- I ,
    V2. :. ~.O V : O."l'i W\

    'U"
    IrS5VMPTlDAI': (, I The rt.fri9e-revlt i..s ~ cLosw $tld~,rI1. (.2.) The pressur~ is
    ~l'I~l-oM.t.(3) k l~e""ic. ~l'\d pote....+iA./ eN\eY"~'J eHec~ ~re tMLS~t.
    ANAf.,,/5IS ~ the work. 'IS deA-errnilllcut w,""~ E~, a.n
    Vz.
    W =. S pc1V =: pCV-z. -V, )
    V, 5
    =-(;l.b,U )(o.'lt<-O.l'l.)h1 3 \'ON/~"l.ll· '3k :f
    I bat" 10 "', M

    =~qk~~ W~
    The hea.f fr().t1.sfer'" is fo«ka US \'i1g fl;,.e eYleY9':1 bt:tltAlltc.e

    ~O+~O+6U ::::Q.-W
    Or"wi+k JiTJ':. M (&(2,-(..(.,)

    ~ ::. rn(..(2.- U , ) t-W


    Froth Ta.J,Je, A - \ l J fA) j+-h 1J'i :. V, I~ .. o.ta I;l, :: 0.0<0 "",3//~ ~I'\d P:' l.bQK
    -3
    X :: 1}", -1.Jf, _ 0.0(0 -O.lS~~)'-lO ::. O.CoOl'J.
    • ~, - 11ft - o. OqQ.~ -0."1$1":). 'l' (0-1

    U I -- ttTl
    ... 1")(, it.(...: - 11,. ):.
    -;}' -"1"
    1(,..~q + (O.<OOt:t )(;;1.:U.4'3 -1(P, to<:t )
    = ll{1.1~ (<or 1149

    AM, froM T~fo}e..4- \J..) a.t 'trz. = o.lJ.. m3/ICCI ~d r " J..b4.¥
    «'2,. -::.JSS.~Co iI=.::r(~

    ~ : . C!- k.,)( :l S$,(P<O- ('11.1<t» I<.~{~ + (~Y Ic.~)


    e, :2~ q. ~ 1c.:J':~~ ~

    3-53
    PROBLEM ".roll

    kNOWN: AmWlonJ't\ uhdef"8oes fwo proce,;rer; I~ .sen~ ,~ <X 'fc~V\-~/IVt de"..


    (J.~sembl!1· 11te. f~ at e.t>1\Sfo."--i:. "WU-Lrne. cu\4 -Ike s~ tA:/- ~~t
    fe.M.~r~~. j)d.fa.a.,e. "rtow~ a-tetlcl". ef ft1,ree e~ ~+o.+u at\t:l fktz.
    hetit 1YtJ,Ylsk.".- i$ j iv~", .f&r tke. Seccmd d'rocess.
    FIND: .:Pe.fe,VOM ."He (~) tke.. hea.t-fyalot,kr.(6-r ~ .firSf" pr'"DUS:s I ~ Mel (b> +ke..
    cvorlt:. for the Se~ froc~S"s.
    SClfeMA-Tllc t f7IVStJ DATA: T
    p, =1;1.0 Ib~IiIA'Z..
    ", »t. D
    T%,. =/DO°F
    Amrtlonj~
    'lJi.-=-7.J7
    Wi :: Z. 2 Jb
    13 =T7-
    >(3 =1.0
    a~~:-~B~6~ v
    ASSUMPTlQ/J5: (I) The. Ammonia. is dosed sfd&J.e.m. ().) The.. p't"OCeSSeS oca;ro.+
    C()~sfau.t l1D£u..Mt. 0Md cern.sf't,M.t te.tM,p'ev-a.ftu·e.) rupe~~'\1 e.lfj' (.3) k,~t!.I-(c. Q nd
    pok,ttfiA( ene.r 8C::J ef.l.uk a,~ xej/,j,leJle..
    ~: The hea.+ t~4t!s~er Q,"Z- a.M./;( work:. W"3 ",re tou.."c.( tu:L~~ ene"9~
    First, fiy: ~ sf ft-ae... pt-.i-\c.lpa.1 sfa:.t~.
    b:;t((ilt!.ces.
    5+a.te (: p, -=120 )Iofla~\ X, =1.0 *
    u. = 512.1'3 Bf1,4/lb (T4.bJeA-14£)
    1.1; :: 2. '17'i 5 f+3t llo
    5We. 2: 'Vz.=tJ;) T:z.=-IOOOF; IIIIfe,Y'fDla.+I~ i~ Tahle A-lSI:
    U'1.::= 58t:t./1 Bttt/11
    5f41e.~: T3 =-{OoOFJ ?cs=/.o =t> U 3::. 576.51 8J.«/1.b (Table A-13£)

    (~) The energy .haltHlCe fo,. ;pnx.es~ 1-2. yetLuc.es-io


    .L\~+~~'YY\ (U ~ - (,(..) ~ Q~" - VV''l.
    C4~et Go'2- :: m ((,.('2,.- Lt., )
    ~ (2.2. lb) (58Q.17 - 572.13) B\u/lb ::. 3CD.\' 6""'-"'4-.----..:.
    (h) S,Ywtla,,.',) 10,.. P(D<.ef;S Z·3
    ~~ fPi't ht(L{3 -(..('!-) :. Q,,'3 -Wz.. 3

    \tJt-~ ::. Q'2-~ - W\ (t.l!-Ul.)

    '=- (-'H3.C\ e~) - (2..2. ~",) (S1fr,.S/-SBtf.l'7)6fullJ,


    :. -11.05 B~~s- ~

    3-54
    i=NowN: Pro P 0. V\ e. vtAfor
    Sr4-Cot fie c:I e ","", r-l-a;"s.
    ELtwQ: 1).44,."""",_ ~ "uo~t. o."",l::l, h~A+' tYA.I'\~~ -fr,v- -t-k.&. p""--u'u J ~4(L.... per
    U",'lot Woa.S ~ .

    r------:
    : pr~tA"'& : p
    L t

    T1,:-40°C., sa-f.VDpor
    T':).:' ~O°c..
    P,-: <0 bcu"

    A 'SSU M~T(ON( it. /' "'T'"Na pc-opo."" e.. ~ ~ ~~d ~1.rJ.t~. oz· FOv TN S~~f<"'-)
    ~l_~~....... po"",,,,,h.....t ~3"7 ~h c:.-. ie-f ", l.A.C"e G~ 3 • TJ- fLo- e:.tZ IS "0
    ~QSCo1"lil.tcl. ",a It
    P\S"::' ee""shL"d.
    At-JAVl"S'IS: TN. u.:>o~1C ~ ,.. ~t/ .. lu-ucl 6-0

    1-
    ( S. chr .... Pl.lI'l. - R\r,
    J I I.r""
    1- '"

    .,-"..".. c r ~ cr v I t e r V\) w""-'e,&o.. e..- IQ... ~ I v .J::J. ~ lU-1' '" ~ d..... ~


    ofa. lJ~"" n "'...... 1- p~ -+ '" -e-. V""l.. ~ .J.- PI -;- .., ~ lr,
    -::. rl 'I" 1 ' - " -

    k (Colt-no)
    J- (o.?>1q~/o.fO,{S-)

    ~ ::. (S s :>'.7 - 1 ~ L 0 ) + ( - ~ ~.7 )


    ~

    =. 10 5. 0 (~T I k j

    3-55
    KNOWN: A s~s+em COYlsisfltt~ cf o.mm ont~ urt.~oe.s o: Ctdde campated of
    til('~e proce'teS.
    ~: Sketc.f" p--.ro.vtJ T-arJ.(a..1-ro.tKs. J)e+e....rt1I~e tt.e~cf.e net worft.awJ. tke
    heu-t .fy{£Y1sfer fbr etc.dA pnce~s.
    SCbtGMA-'n" $ &wev PA7i\:
    mM f, =lO bar =l)." -10 s&d'Ut'a.k~. '!4ftJY"
    Proce.ss J- 2.: Cot\.SM~t- v~te..e.'"~
    Precess 2· 2» : co J1.S fa. I( t +em~ra. MY'C." Qz.:5::' 2 2-8 Ie.'"
    J X.
    -
    , <I!. 'A
    \ mrrtonlCl\ \
    '-
    ~ .\
    Pr/)ces~ 3-,! C4MJo.M.t p~S5Lt.,.e ~\ Wi:: 2 ~ ~
    'I I

    Jt$SUMPr,QA/5: (I) CltJstd 5'1 skm .(2.) 1J~/ecJ- /t.,i-sehc a.M.e1 0;:,, __ ,

    10leufial ertet'9!t ~cfs.


    ANAiyS/5: F,rs't J (-,,, ~ oftLte.. Pr',~,,~·pal.dtdes.
    Stafe, I : p. -::'10 ba,,..) 'X., =D. 0. Tl.t(;l.~ U, = ty., .,.x/ (U91-U~' ) :: l.fh.IO f l-h)U31Q.ft,b -24i6.1O)
    =etIQ.28 k:rlJc, Crable A-I")
    1J; :I "1/ rJ<, c V; /- ~I ) :. o, 0777 b tt, af",
    Sfa:fe.2.: Sa..f'1I'OfOr,1J",.=v,. IHfe.ypoletf,iu in 11Alole 4-'~Ia.f ~ =O.()771b "-'{le,
    j IVo" 1.(. 'Z., . '341. 2." lc'f I ~ o-J.. T 2. z t.t 2. S 2 Dc. •
    staTe 3: r3 'a.F: =(0 ha¥., 73:: Ts. = 42. '2. c. . 0
    '::J:H4e.rpo{e..f.Mg '11\ Tal-Ie A-' S
    U.3:' 137"/.etS k.'TIlc.:J ~ "l1i 'X O.t'lO'1,7 ~~II'j
    ~

    r ,- -Z
    s

    1-- l--4~~3 to bIlK


    a--. 'V<. S20
    V C 1.1"

    The re<t\.t\r"eJ. eV\e~'a tro.~s~s C\re &e,kr~\"'e.J ~ u.u~1 eV\e~~~ Ioa.l~""c.es.


    Prececc \-'2. ~ ~+~~ nt(I.t't,-l<,\ '= ~a. -~~ =t> Q,% ~ ~tl.("2.'L(,) =84,<.(.0 kJ~ Ql'''
    ( lADt.A.,t;°
    Precess 2.- '3'. .4/' ErE r ""Ltc )-l.("2.) ~ Q'1 ~ - w~"} ~ vJ2.) :. Q'Z..,- M LU ~-l.l 'l. )
    ~ twO.Co "-:I""

    PI"O<:~.,S ~-l·.USI1I\9 ~.~.l1j


    .. ('I,
    \/3\:' J pJ..Y::.
    J'tr.~?d"lT ':. mf (-V-,-U's)
    "3 "'3
    : ~ ~)(lO ba.Y)(O.0111"- o.llfl>1.l)~:II()SNIM~11~U
    fc,c.('" ~IS N'M
    f
    -::J \
    e 0 :. - , 2 S.D k:r
    evvuJ.. AyJ,+o/£r VV\<U.C\.(~, =-Q,,-Wi , =t> Q3':: w\(L(.\-l(~) +W 3 ,
    :. -\o!>b."4 "r~ Q1\
    (J)@ 'Nt'i"\<':: Wll.+W1.~-rW)1 =. O+lbo,b+(-12S.0) = .3S.~ kT.., W''1c.l~
    .~ .. Tl-\e yost:bve. Vctlu.e. ..for w~c\£. '~a.ks tka-GCide LS c, 'Power (.lJc.le.
    2... A c.~eclL ~ tlA.L ~t ~td- WClM.sf,(t"' c.owf\r~s +W-Q~dc ::Wutde.

    3-5fo
    t::""'ow"J: O.,e. lC~ o-{. u,,4...... vlo\dCi't'" 'o..s ~ -t4tel"""-d.&o IA.A~<: C'1 ~ c.o~.s~,J
    of ~,.. r--c.o c,H '-'J .
    ~: 1)e Wt' ......'r\~ +t.u +"'-t ,.. H."\ oJ -'-f(p' c.,..'" c;

    r--'
    :I~:
    1...- _J p
    T
    Ce»~'\
    P'USfUre ..A-
    10 loA" .troW' SAt. V..,.
    e.-"tu..~i vo(v... e
    10 5 bA") ',"OOC
    &$0+"-&'.-'"
    (;0_ II-S 'I' Ulo\ J ~q.,: -SIS. ~cJ'.
    CO",,,+,,,,,t vol""",e,

    ASS\lM'P'TtONf '. I. 1"- \,)..)... ~.:o +ka ~ S"'ft~""'" '2.. "O(....K4~ Ctu.~j~ I.? t-"'--
    0"'7 c..uo",,1c ~c1E'. ~. 1C.1>t~h·c. a,,,d ro~"ft~ el1e,.,y ~ffech CA"~I·~~,.t!'c.l.

    ANIH..,(SI~~ -r~ +t-\"--.tl ~,CA·.It "" ~ of Po 410"""..... c..., c...t.A. ~ 'Y\::. WC'(de!Q\V\
    (~.~~.sc.u~SiCl""l o{ e,s'~~~J~3) J t...J~~r~ 'VJ"c'tcJ.A.':. WIt.; w'l.l-+ WI,*,-+ w1-l·

    'ProClcs; '-1: ~\c I ~. ~~C.\. S-\.:l:4.t. r:. f ICed ~i PL -:. 100""J "1. ':. V3. Frtnk TA.ble A· y.
    "3= 0.1 ti'\'~ ::I
    J c..eJ': 2.S7S•. 2. ~';111:5

    ~ Wr,.:.
    f'", pc::lV ":. b
    r
    ~ (\1'1-1.1': \ :
    •J
    <10
    'OStJ/M1.\( IlC1)( 0, 3cr'S
    bAr)\-.
    I
    a S'
    lei....·
    ..4A\.....'3\ ,~J'
    -O.'1TT~ -
    ~ uJ- p."",
    1
    :: 18''\-1 Ie.)
    Alii Jl V\«IV" ~I 1010 tAMe ~ ... • •' • • ~ fr> ~ i ve. <3< '= ~tr -+""'" ) 0 V"

    Q ~ w.. t Ul. -l..{.) 40 W :>- <l~,,)~21'.8 - 2.st<'3.b J7+181·' ~J '::: ~37· 3 ~J


    ''l..

    ('(OU~~ 1... 3: W1:i':. 0


    C)

    ~ ':.. ~((Jl-U'1.) ~ ~3 ~ U~~)l2.ST$.'2.. ~ '523/.91= -loSb.~ "J'


    '2.3

    PA.Ouss. 3-4: (Sh\f ':. _il'S".8ICJ (~I\t~M). T ......... , ~"t.T"=a>3'+-l...u3'f "a'~

    W \l ':. Q?1\.l- 6 V£ Ci2 '3"" - ..... t v..\t - (.( 3)


    3

    S-\-o-J:.. 4- ~ -h)(t"d ~1 '4: Ibo oC J V'4-~VI


    J
    .. ")(4 z, "'4--
    Y:f = o· I"\l.~ _1.102.//0
    V~-Vl 6.'iO'tl _ /./ol./lo3

    u+-:. l.l.f ~ ~~ (14,- u+) = f.:.r'f. ~'" -to(0, ~li-fXi..S'(,~· \J - ~'T ¥ , U, ): I '0 71 K~ rt"S
    ~ ~1"': -
    e,-
    0 ~.
    Q_
    '"
    'I)Iiilt
    ... C
    - 2.1)':t~·~1: - ItI·Co ~J
    .

    3,51
    W41 :. 0 I a.0\.e.t
    o
    c6V -\- y&+( = ........ (Ut- U 4)

    = Q~,)c.2..s-n.G:.- 19r/J£
    t:S

    CD ::. £ e, .I + C + ( - III .G:.) + 0 = 7 7. ~ fc.:r

    (~o~)

    <D A.. ~ <:.~ck:) ""-O-f.c +~ -frv -e v.Q,~ C '1~ CS2cye:..t.e ~ W cyc::.1....t. •

    L CSicic.A....t. = CQ I'l.. + Q'Z."l -+ Ql'f + CQ <#./

    3-58
    rROf!JLEM 3. hB
    'NOWAl: A sCjsfe()') COtL.si.st,VJ!j of Refriger"ttKt 1.1. uw.(ergoes Cc. Cl.jcJe cOfV)pcue.d.
    of thtt.e processes.
    FIND,: Sketch p-1T a.M4 T-1T olliJ.qr-fAYks. J>e-krM/i-te. tke CLJc(e nef wor'=. ~ w.(
    +Me. hfat tr4VlS'ter for ea..c.k pr6~ rs . .
    SCHeMATIC. t 6fl veA) DA-iA :
    Process (..2.: Consftuc. t ~ssu.;-~ From ?,:: 30 ,'*",.. .2-
    ')(., -= e.ss it> T"l.. -::.lfoOP
    P(oc:e~s 2-6 ~ i.sl>fker"lVtal wifLt Wz.~ -= -1l.82 S~ +0
    Sa.kLra.fe~ vtJ{J()("'

    itoces s 3 -I: Ad laba.f,·u e-1Cp4.llsio1\; Q3/:: 0


    ASSUMPTIoNS: (I) The.Il-~2 Is a dDSed SCi-,retl1.(2.) k,~efi.c. A.M pofentia.l el1e"":J
    e
    ff ec..fs (A...r~ Yl~ lL~ i/o le: .
    A=NAL"~I": Fi rst us,'hfj dalo: ~m -lite re.frLger-atAt ~£'b" +tx ece.cl( s.fa;(e..
    I

    Sfa.fe. ,: Table. Jr- 8 'E. elt P. =3D ""I-Li"2.~ )C, : t>.qS


    'Ll, =,¥, +X,(~gl-ttf.t ) : 7.3et-t,tfsxQ3.b7-7.38) = 8q.3~ 8k.c./lb
    V; :: 1f.'" >c, (~/- Vf,) ': 0.01178+ (.et 5)( I, 7'(30 - 0.01l7B) -= 1,6S'C( ff3/1J,
    STate z.: froM Table !t-qe: «.+ fi =', J 7;.='IOI>F; t.t" = /OO,YD BI«/'b I V; =UlBs8/tI/lb
    .stAte.. 3: 73::''1 0 ''FJ sod. 1TOfDt: Fro1)1 Tah/e. A-7E. ; 'U.3 : 1 S.08 a41All~
    "
    -03"
    P T ~
    .....
    e
    ~ '"lOt>
    2. F

    1J 1.1'
    The re~,u're~ e.nef4C:S -lra.KS~ 4r~ ~~rM,,,,ed e.,er~f« foc.c.la.,A('e.c •
    prousSI-2.: US1J;.g ~.;Z.11, W,'Z.~ J "'LptAV:: P.(lJ"'2,-V";) 'Wl

    W,,, : (\ \b)( 30 l\'fI,,,,:a.)(I.CJ8S'~'-Lb 5"Q) f+3/lb I'Y'f ~Lll I S~ L. )=1.82Q ~


    ,. 1~2. l'8f~·' f
    0H~-: 0 .
    A~+yrE+'n\llt~-U,) =«> Q\'2.:: )'\\w-a,-\..(,) +W,'Z. = \~.2>113~ ~
    :::Q,'2,.-W\"L Q\'2.

    Proc:e~s. 2-3: W2.':1 = -11.82 J d~~~~M{U3-U.",) • Q'1.~ -Wz. 3


    Q2.~ ':: M (LA 3 - U 2.) +W?'! -::. -lti.\«.4 8~'C Q).,3

    frocess 3-, t ¢;;:+ ~l(.(t-U3) ~~ -W 3 1


    \tI?t,: - V\o\<.u.,-u?) e, 8.12. 13\u.
    Q)@ W c.\-e ='W1"l.T W'2.?>+W 3 \ =(1.82.') i-(-lI.gz) + (S:12) =-J.11Jhh.<
    The he9"fwe. Va e.for ""c.c.1cle iV'tdic.t;ks -t.~ cyC'.'~ is Q. ~.fyi,e~ .
    .1.
    2. • A cMeck of fKe nef- heed' -tnthsfet"eo",+' r"rtlS fi\At ~~,'* =' W~dc .

    3-sq
    PR06t,EM 3." q
    kNOWN: An electro,'" resi.s+or- +,.o.r\sfe.,.s ener~~ -10 wafer ,'", ~ well ~
    i VI SLt Ia;f-e ~ C Offe r 1d n Ie. •
    FIND,: :befevmif\e. fwe f,'ka.1 e~u.I·Ii1Dr;LA.rt1 -teMpertlfLt.re..
    SCHEMp,.Tlc. i ulVc€N DkrA:

    ~i'////////I
    ~ ~ ~10 c.opper: l"k c:: ' :> kS) 1C i =:Z 7 DG
    +-~
    0ta3 wafer: M w :: 4 k.~) rw~:' socc.
    ~rz __ ~
    W=-Iook:r ~~ W/l7~~v/
    (/
    /////////// //.
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I J The c.opper-io-nktA.\'d wa.fer aJ"e a.. closed .&'f6fern .(2) 7"t1ert!.
    is 1')0 hea,f 1mnsfer.(3J The coJ~~"'o.Mdwafe.r.b-eWtve GlS' ,i1COl11O'rQ,ss'iJ,)e.
    S£A.';std ViCes wit'" COKS""'n1: .s~c.( fiG "'eJ3.( IfJ k/~ etic at.1.J. pofett'l-ia.( el1er'9'~
    ettecfs dre ne5'i,Uol.e.. (5) 'No ener-gCj i-s stor-e.J jl\ +\rte. r.e.sls-fDr; AUY-es= 0
    AAlAkV51 s : The e.net"9!:t. ba./a.nce red..u.ces a..s follo~
    1/£0 +
    +~ AlY :::;1'_*&>w -=t> ~U :. - 'IV
    or: A~:~Uc. +l\U w =- W
    ~~~
    me ce CT~ - Tel) + Wl",-> Cc.J (T-r -Tw ; ) .:: - W

    S~lvill\.9 -k>r +Iva +I"",d ..,.e.YYlp.e('O..+lL...~J T.(!


    me Ce.Tc., + Wl w Cw'-w\ - W
    T :: --------...;";,,,;,.--
    f me:. CC!. +- ~ w CLa)

    L(s 111\.9 Ttl ble. A-Itt.J +he specific" JIleoA- ef copper is <!c. -::. D,3 as I<.T/ ~ • Ie::. • A1N:t
    -'Or wa.4e.vat 32.5 k.., Cow': '-l.li'l k;r/ FcJ' K, Tku.s
    03 b;r )( D. 385 Ic~ 1ke;,·J<) (2 7fZ'131k ..,. ( q)( 4. 11c=t) (50 +273) - (-loO)
    (J) T. ::.
    f- Q3 k:<j)(D.395 b.cr-/k.j.te-) + (~)(4.nq)

    t. Nr;4e -fl-ted- +e.rnpera:lu.y€. I~ DC tou..ld l1a.ve l,eeVl LtSed d.trec...fllj I~ +IA~


    e.K ('r"e..ss l<!>Vl •
    ~
    PJuJ(3L-etvl 3,70

    kNOWN: A v,ot alu.¥hi)\().~b.t(ls f\~~d ~&.t ~\I\ OfC.V\ +A.""k,. of Coe>( wa+e~. The bc.r-
    ttv\& +1Ae. weufe-r COfhe ok> Co1 I.oU.I a~Y'Lu.W\ wi+l-\ 11\0 "'ea.t fnc.",s+cv- wi+~ +"'e
    s u,V"'rolA."dtlAjS .
    ~: 'D.e+eV'mij;\~ tf;t4 .c.1~Al k"""pef'c,t:fu..re.
    5CU6MA-iIC a GrlllEtJ 'DATA:
    Vo..-:. 0.2 ~+3
    T",.;. -:. :l,.OO 0 F'

    lv-a . . . ,
    I

    I
    , _..A.-
    A\
    ba.r
    I
    I
    w«-fe-r

    T
    -' +4-
    \lu# '::
    F
    U

    w;' -:::. 10"


    3

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) The. A { foa.r Al'\.J wakr iA.re.. fke. ck>s~"J s,.skm .(Z.) Tk& al!A...... l~lA.w
    aM.tl (,Ua.~ b-tl-\a.V( &<5 jlloCC"'Atpressilok su~,-Io.kceS l.cJ;tL1 t(}')ts-kw.+ ~r:eifi~ ltt..o.-{s.
    Q) K/~ektG Cl\KtL po/-el.f:h't{{ ~1A.~rfi~ e,Ut.e..fs a"~ tt.ea'e.c./-u<. (If) ,we
    is 1(0 hetl\.t 1ru~t"
    betw~K, 4-lAa. -{f,t,;,k ~ [-Is StAyvolAKc1.t' 5 , Q,V\tJ, 'AI =0.
    iII S

    ANM.YSIS: i"e. e"er'Ij b(;(.la,ltce ('~es AS +ollcws:

    ¥-+¥€+ l1U =;/-)11 ~A1J=O


    or AV ()"-4- 6 'U"'" = o. 7kus'" if 7f is -fk€ +\ ~cJ e~t.(.t( i~ ('I u.Ki\ -kwferafu. re-
    CD 'tno..cJrf - ~L ).,. Wl w CW CT:f -Twi) = 0
    .solV'~ fer Tf
    T :- n1o.'o,..To.; + "-"w CkJ ~.:
    'f r'1Cl\..CQ.. -r ~w t: w

    To eVA ll-A-aAe. ~ w) U.-:OIL 1lJ: (j) 7 {)f> r::: .frc, ()1 Tal, Ie A -2 ca -(0 Ud
    WI :. Vw = '1 #3 b:' ;24Q;J..liD
    VI ~ .£>I "oS .ft3/f

    To ..vcd~t. IN'\o..., \A.~~~o..~c.ro""" To....~\e.. A-\q ~


    ~ o, ':. f 0. Ve>. -: «( lDq ~l) (0. '2 .c+~) :. 1> s. ~ lb
    IJov.J, wi"",'" Co.. ':. 0." \~ 3-hA./I&·o~ o.-J. Cw ~O.QClQ E-k.{II>·oR (0.,,"-54 0°12)
    .c.ro_ T(),.~l~ A- \~e- ( we CoCA."" eVCA.l~t. (.~)
    T _ C~'\.~ (b) (O."l.(<' (3~/tb·oR)(200"''{(,OYR-to-(~l(q.'t)(O.Clli~)(10+({<DO)
    ~ - ('1"l'~'b)(O:l.t~.d~~{lk()n.) + (~""q.l.)(o.o.QQ)
    r
    ::.5"11.'1°1<. -::.l~.loF <: ..

    (. tv o+e. {.~~
    -+ ......... ~ .. r: Q. i- v. f" ~ ''''''-F c 0 \.A.. l 0\ b ~ v...s. eo d i c-, +""'" s
    e~pr e\~i..on Ic>ec.o..~sc. i"'- \~VO lv e.c; ~e~~ .. ro.~"'t<'- ch~ef' to""" Q.S.

    3-bl
    KNOWN: AV\ isola.ted 5"J stem is -f.o<me.~ -trOM sa:kc.rA+~ wa:\-e\"'" vapor
    a.V\c::l 0.. topper S\et\o \V\ ;t\at~ a.t c-l{ffe('e\\,t +~Mpera.tv-"es.
    ElN];),: 'De+e.... VV\\\<\e. -r"'e +\W:...\ €,U:\\\bYlu.m -te.\'\i\.pe.ro:h.l,V"e. of the s'1 st eM.
    ~CbfcMA-l lC t Cy\VE.N 1>A:r1\ : T
    /1,../.11.1..1L1../ I T"", = 130°C W1 w =. 0,21<.9
    I I j

    Tc" = ...3o o C , me. = 10 "9 ~f-----""'-130°c.


    I -+----~---+- T1.
    I
    I ~~ ~ /. I coppet'"
    / I TIl 7/-1 iI'/.
    "tr
    Ass UM PTloiJS: (I J T~e w~o (l.)\t! ccrper -tor-rY\ a.n i.sola.te<=t oS'j S+e.m. (.2.') Ike
    Vl>h.l~e of +l-\e S~S~M. 'is um.sta.~t. ('5) :r~e. c.bpr,er be~ves a.~ 'lfl(.om-.
    fre.~S\b)e ~\.l\ostfA.~ce WLt~ GCM,taJA,t ~eC(,flc. hea,~ .(4) klV\eh:c. ClV\d IfcteY\tldl
    a'
    -€Y\e,v-g'1 e~ec:.:~ (.lV'€. V\~l\S\JoIe.

    ~ : The EMf,Y 9~ bet lGlIt\.c.e. reJlu.ce.s e.s t.o ~\OW\ '.


    ~ ~o JAif/~
    ~-tyrt. t~"l1~;W
    0 0
    * A6V =0
    AVe. + t>u"" :=. 0
    ~C.c (T'J,-"1\c.) + "0\"", (U2,W- tA,\c)) :. 0

    W\"1A u, \w :. u..9 @ \~o0C. ::. Z. 53'l.Q k,::rl ~ o.V\et e.:: 0.385 J,;I'/k.'3.k, froM
    T(l\!>\e A- \tt
    (JO "S) (.38S k\f/~,I<.) (T7, - 30) -t (.2. te,) (L(7,W - 2.S 3CJ,ct) =0
    or) SD(Vd'11 .fOY'T:z,
    T-z.:: 30 _ (,z.) (U,.w -lS3~.tt)
    (0) (. ~e.s)
    The. . .f-,\II\.o..l s~ec.'t·Hc. \1oht Mel o-t-.(-~ wa..-+er \Jtt:f0r ,1J"....tA:> ,"5 -\'le. So.M~ c...S
    .y~(. '~'+\~.' \fCl.\u.e. ; U", :. ~ @ \300c. -::. o, bG.65 m'/fr..~, The ·h~t'.l.\ ~u.~\ . .-\-':1 0{
    +he H..o l~ .. ~ t.T
    X :: V~\6- f'2,
    2. ~1. - 'Of.
    1.l~~ uf'2. of- x-a. (~ - ufo)
    ThllS) 0-.\1\ i+erAA\ve. $O\\.L+lcn\ ·\5 r-e~u.lY'"(l."l. firrl) que"!>s "" '\-rial va.l",e. of
    T 'Z, • Co.\cLtlGtte. X 2- o..ul u.2,.W 1ctc.<;eA.. 01\ -t:\t\e -h-\.o.. ,[.,..'Z.o ""~ .$a+u.V"C:\.+iO"\,\,
    ~O\.. Use. (I) to CAlcuia.~ e, correspo\\..J. \~ \J~ c9~ ,'2,... ~e..fC2td" \.lVl.Hl
    \f~ ~ v.o!s ~ eV\.e. 1>Ye.eltd-~ b~ (\) .
    fl.te.. -+t-ioJ
    Resubt ~ T~ ':: qB °c ..a T'2.

    3-&2
    KNQWN: A li~u.~~ I~ 0.. Y\~\cl. ~~k.. \~ s+\~J ~ e, ?,,-ckHe ",-,lh~e.1 c...wt
    e.'I<per\.enc.e.s e. ~e",~~ tra.\I\s.(lu- ~tj h~t wifl., 'rt~ su..rroCA",d \"'~~'
    F\Nl:) : o b-\-4..\\.o\ G\.. oll H~'fe.",t\o.( e.~~o...t~01A for h2.""'PeN'~-\u~ T \~ +e.n~s
    o>f t\m eo t Cl~ \"".e\~V'a.",-~ ra..ro..M~tevs. So\ve .fer T c-t"),
    ~C.,","EMA-T\C. ! Gr\ \/Er-J D,tTA;
    &. : hACT'O-T)t--~-.--..
    I

    ASSVMPTlON~ ~ (q The \i~u.\c\ is tke. c.\ose.J. s~steM, (2.) The 1i~u.\e( be~ClV~S
    A.!. ~\I\ ''''c.o--Mp"(~sslble su.lOs+ct.\Ac(t W\~ ~-f ~~ltl(' heo.tC.. (3) "ht.eV\c,~
    -\Yo..\\s(!ev- t-r"om +~~ ~o.Ad..\e wheel +0 +"e. <;t;1\-\-.e-V\'\ e ccuzs o...t 0.. CCMS~ v-o.*c..
    \L\) T~eve ~.Y'e ""0 c\AC'..W)cs lV. \Co\\Aetlc o\"" ro+e~~ t.\\eV's~,
    ANAl-\( S ts : T~e. (2,~tw'9~ f~ loo..\QMce. is
    d~~ d~o JU ••
    ~ /W + c:lt =. Q - W
    wi+1A d.'U/o:t = YY\ c d..T/d't ().~ Q e, hA(To-T)
    o.T . d "'II~ r'&Vlf jed
    'VY\ Co ~ :. hA ( To - T) - W " " " l ! 1 l l ! I t - - - - - - - - - -e1 lMtf i OV\.
    ---!.---

    To solve) I~t e::. Ttl -T ; clT =- <:l.e . Thu.s

    ~ 1-(~"c. )9 - ~t. : 0

    The. SO\U.tLoY\ o-t- ..f~·u O':l+t~'(~~+\·~\ <L\U.CII.+l~ ls 01- +v.e ~r~

    SCi):. G 1 eKp l-(~c)t.J + ib.


    l>..t t'=o) T= To =t> 9· o. TktAs ej = - W!hlt ) So
    9 (t) , ~A { \ - e.~ r I -( ~ \ t] 1
    .
    Tlt) ~ To - g-A {I - ~kf>[-(~)t] ~ ., Ta)

    l- The. s oh;t-'hoV\ U)...~ be, ve,Y'Ct i u( b~ ci~Y'.ed· Su.los-Htu..tl(j')l. i ~+O +~


    <ii ffe'fe.V\.ha.\ (~lA.c<'h~. Z. T""e.. $oll.iflO'\l\ Sa-+;' f.les tke i~i+i a./ l.OVldof, mt.
    -fha.+ Tio) : To .

    3-"3
    pgOBLE.M 3· 73
    'N0\,l)I\J: A s tee I to \o.+e. of Ie f-\.OWVl +'-'.'c.1e .....sr o,lI\d ; 11\ i h·.:a-t ~~ IMP~ 1"0.+ U.re ; J
    qve"ck~d W. 100..... '" ~kose. -tf""""(J4(,A~~t' r c A/sc, Ic:"-O~"".

    F,""O: 1)~I",""' r~Hh·-tt. c:l..A·f~rr~-#1·",,( .f"t u A ta'o",, 40 r -t~ 1I~r'I'(A.ft'()1<"\


    of ~l.Mr'~A~~ ~,~ .... ~ plAH ..., A. -fv"'\cft'iN\ of filMt 4lO"d
    roSi~'CM' E.V4ilC(~~+t... p~~"e.-Il p~4IMc.J..crr (..(.~llI\5 ei,f-e.. ~"""",7~A-t""
    SCff~M!'tTtC ~ GlVrfo..J DA7~.'"
    c

    f(h\,.rll-h.4te 'V'A,,',.-h·olo\ ~
    'P\o.t( eu "" ~ p -t:.

    ASS'uMP'T,O"'S: I. The: e\~~flA-t of ~'(.~""-&1'.6)( t4 +~ c..{OS4'c:l ry.r~ M. ,.


    1"- ;11\ c,o""'t"'U"$1 bl~ ~a....t "'-fJp I,'"s., i. sp.~fr·(. NJ o..",q +k..............( c e .... ¢.uc.h'v,·.",
    o.H eAt"" <:0.... S1-"'7· -4-. TMie ~ ""'-0 ,"",0..-11: o",.L ~ KiIl\.lHc.{ "oklo\h~ -e.~'1~c..k,
    A,,"AL.'r'S' C\ Tke e ..... rj7 ~k b,. (Mf(e ~ 'Pi" I.·eel fb +'- ~ IM(~ 'b ~'cJ::.H~f
    ~ v: ,~.u~d4

    col ~ -T d% -T cl '"U"::. [Q'lC IlC - ci 'J( 1'lC+l>'lCJ --;if


    ~ ~ d.T
    T"e .,.......,...... tu.te UI'·-tt.,.·.... -rc...... \OIA.+~ va.r','-es (.,uc"+~ Ql.OSiP'OI" A"\.d --Hw-t. T~.1
    IIoIr-t&o-. "'(J"::'''''CA.. ::o.llA~')C)~) wk.k.l """,':.~c..T)J

    ePAc. ar =
    at
    -,

    P12D6£,E.H 3.7:3 CCtht+d.)

    ncar _
    v: oc-

    If ': 8'ObD l: sf".. 3 ,


    Co: 0 .4~ «s] Ie,./<

    k.= IS'. , 'N/ttA.1<..

    Ie: :.
    ~c.

    I, T~s ~ 0.- <;eco""d. ot"ur pf-rh'M dlW"E'~-h~ (t"lOA""""" c;:)lvi~ T(><yt.).


    -n-- S'olv-nol" r",,\fu'E"i' G.~ • ...".KM co~c:LI'h'(1y\:

    T (X.) t..: 0)= b731< (400OC)


    a""J o.fl'roprl·"~ b.e,vV\~~ UJ1.1.cL.'p'CI\IVO. For ~t'f"'.'" c:L...ts '-cI~tl'"" I /oZa.A-
    ~f!AWI,Kf..ll t.Jf l4-e<t+ A"d HAU TrA .. rr-r b3 F: p, I .... crop.rA AlAcJ D, P. Dewiti-.
    PR.o8lEM 3.1~lE
    H",o 0.+ \'-:' '200 bo..t'" I T -:410°(, :.143 ~
    (~) PRo. Pipe.. -::.'2.oobtA,t'/'Z.1.o.q b(J.t" =O.qO~7
    '=. 1='9 A-(
    r~ =T /v: :::14~K/(gq7,~ k :: I. (S' J 2 ~ O."1't ,<---~~
    (b) TCA.b\e A-I..( ,,{. f> = ,,00 blA,r" I T-:.<.I10 °c ='/ ~O,(~~S"" W\'ll("~
    I
    JJ"

    ~ :. ~
    RT"
    -: (,,00 bor) (O.Ol 1 S$ ~~I~9)
    (blI)ll (1\(\ 1(.)
    I
    LO'" NItttt'll '." r
    l bOor IO'll\1·W\
    lCA.ot.. ~ K
    = O,lQ ( ~ c+o.b~

    fRo0LeM 3,75

    PRO~LE M ~.1<S>~
    / __ V-:.~++ 3
    o T:.t{oooR
    ;t 'P -=-"(000 (~b~l.
    M -=-7•

    ~.11·
    T-::.IlS OF ;Sl~°r<
    \T-=O:~O ~+~ / (b
    P :: ~

    p
    ':. 50<.0 Iby! ,,,,,"'- .c...i=---------------
    IC~OW"': O)C.'i1:r~""'(O'2.J c...oV\+~I'II\~c:l '1"" a.. c:..£ose-c:l J 'U',,'c:l +.,.",,(: /r coo/eel Te 0....
    .s-l-~+~
    .ft\I\.AA (.o.)ke"~ ~sru.,.~ ,1~ sp-ec.\~'ei.

    ~: De+C,.".•.4Hc" +""-t. ~""~ volu"",",e.,. o..t1.c:l +~ f\~-t +e ""-pe .....a.-4-c.4.re..


    S-CHe.MI'\TtC 2 ~I veJ:J D"7~:

    r
    I
    I 0 I
    / 2. I
    I \1\1\= o.SI~ I
    ~-- --~
    1j = 30 '00..'("

    (0 7i= :loo K-
    It::: '2-0 k)A.(""

    AS.suMPTION,s: r- T'- O'IC~ ~ 0... e...t.os-td !'1 s-k"",. z. TN. vo(v(AM» '0 -tiI.t.
    +--,11\ '" fA cOVl.tf~"f,
    AuA(..'(SIS: T~ vol"lM~ of -te..... """",t: c..o.lo'\ 'o~ ~\IAh.lA~tt USI'y\s ~
    CO~ U 1 b; \; ~ .f-.c.+OV" c::l.:t s+.:t.. I ~

    Z\":: l1CV/~) -dy \f:: i!,~~JM)-r,


    tR./M)'i ~

    "The "6.W~ .f Z, c:..A.", /0.< o~""",'",ed b~ ill'\S'fet.+a·(lk1~ c.~~S'thl·I'ft,


    C~+ (,U.c''''~ P~l ~ 7'it I ' lu,-ft\ 'Tc.) Pc. fore-- T~u.tA. A-I

    ~OI>4r::. 0.59 :: I. ::,


    S'b,S~t"

    fY~ R q A -I J Z:-I:: 0,9 \ • Thou..s


    (o.~l<j)(~3''ll/31. toI·""I'=.CJ·l<') 'Z.OOI(
    V= o,Clq
    ( 30"'(o~ fJ/wtl.. )

    :: 1. ~8 1--1;"" w." olII!olII!S!!-----------

    S"oe:... \/olu..-. ~ ""-'-tr ""roe c.()"".d~·", t.) 'U''Z. ~ U( ".,..,.., + lA..I.4J


    ,. ,. Slooe ....... .....: ~ sr~+ch o..k:oO\l~, l'.eh"r""""'" 't; n ~ A-' e.u,'-IL-..
    Vi. +
    VRI ~ VR.I I 44

    CU\ tl fOllo(AJ"""', "..J.,.'",~ ~..f c.okJ+-"'~ fI\oN' , to 2,


    ® Pt~ '20/91.~ =0.3'1(.,
    71. ': c. 'tb tc.
    w-< "'-"",e T~1.-::: o:Gi~ . T"'-u1,J

    I, "Tk~~e "c:Llt.l~1 ..foy PI J 7, ) u: rev'Se. t~ VCl\\v..QS ~iV-E""" I.., •• -t""-a ~l"st fl"""'-k~
    CJf +""-'- bo()!C. .

    '2.. Ali"'t'~,.\i",I'1) 2'Z, = o.<t(2.-\" c:..." bA re""d tr u- ~ .-h",.u' e I YOIoM wlM'ck'-- 71-
    u-~ ~",,(vA"eet ..... Il. ':.14r J<.
    PROBLeM 3. '7't
    k.t<JowN: fille 1c:J Df <:4 14 ' l) c..o",--hJ.,·"'ed. ~ 0... P'~ToV\ - ~/l""cier ~r""''t1e''''E' .....i -
    lh1c1er(tO e... f"'OCAN be-k.ue~.. Ic:~Ull'\ &'+o..+t.~ ~ .... w~'''c.L.... PIj: coll1.s'+-'.... i.
    F 1#.J1>:
    ;.
    D~+~(""""'Vle +~ l.4I CJrl:.
    SC.H6MItTlC. ~ C; lIIe IV '2)Jl\TA:

    r------, fj=',S'MPo- J Tj: S OOIe:..


    : Cf 1-4 10 :
    P4:: 3 HPca ) 1i ~ 4S"O k.
    L .:~,_ _-,

    PIT 1'\: c..o l4';~ .. t:


    A srQ t1" PliO ""~: I· Ik..e B 10\.-+c..", eo
    loa p "lot =c.a~d...",~ .
    At-:)A'-"I"SI~·. Tke. u.:»oll'"lc;
    'L

    w= SpdV l

    To e v .. l~ .. ~ W ADlvlr-e$ V I ) \T1. o..",cl Y1. TN c.o-\>f,."ti b;/;~ c.k/J.",t u."",


    ~ \..l}of c/. -\0 0 b ~ j", '\T I a.-..l \or,: Fee-- T....&J2..t A- l ) fc.: 38'ba'i 7c. = 4Z.S~) I-i::.$t.ll.

    • ..B.: 50 bA.r :-
    1c:. '3 i b-.r h" A-2.: vei.. -=-0. <0
    'L.- ~=
    Ie - 4l.S'(c
    ===> lJi = Uf'~( R-~c.)
    ':. 0.<' (
    j' 3/4 ", ......
    S'8.I~· IC,.",,)
    \(4 'Z.S"'K) = o. OO'b ~3
    ( j3~{OS-IJ/", l..)

    .. Pa.. .. 10 o.l-'t ,
    PR'l.':.

    T~2. ':.
    P" -
    T&.
    3i'=
    --
    4~t) ~ /.olo
    } n,.A-J
    \r-:..
    \lR1- ':' O.'iG}
    ~.qCl) (t.1I't!SS.ll.)(+zr)::l O· o I ~8 d
    -:rc: = 41.) ~
    2. ("i c)( lO$') ~

    ~lS"/s)
    :. h -- -
    J-( o .01')8f. 00.6 )

    W=
    = ts
    ~
    l l (3 Hp. )( 0.0, se ""''':'1- (SlfC.oo'ibU
    I - 1.025
    IO" ~I..
    I MPet
    '1 1
    1<3.
    103tJi.~
    !
    - \'2..0 w::~ ...----------------.'!J.

    3-&8
    KNowN r-, ve, I b"",./ 0 -+ c. O:z. u"d"'''j 0 ~ c."'sJ".",~ - pr-f!',r CAl" Co C cJ-('t'P $I ,""""
    pt"Ocu,s HI'\ o: ("SJo~- OJ-til"\c:Lo..,.. a ss~ ..... 10'1 . Th~ Wo.,.Jc:) prest'\..\.re) a.""d
    ill\.i-h."..,l. ~~ ;.~ ....... p~ i"'11o -I-<A.f'~ a.. ..-e Ie """0 <.cJ Vl •

    F It-JO : E Va 1v A t (> +",--' f, '" ... ( +< ..... poC rIO. .J.u. re .
    ~(H"£(lA"rIC <! ~,vgAJ l>,+~:

    ASSUMPTION~: I. Th~ c.o~ c.; c.... c...touc:l s-ys-kW'l. 2. ?~.s.sl,An ('~W\AI·"'.r


    c.o t'\l +. l"l + ~,., "V\,j t k.a eo """ t"""' on (0 '" fk-C C"Q IS.
    AtJAL..'(S'IS: Tk... .f. ... &.-l s+...~ o-f -flu ~s t', t.,<eJ 0d-' fUS-$(A.r""e. / 37.Plb-fI",,~
    o.lI'\o~ -tt.u -r.fet.4~'ic lIo(v~~ \.i1. / wL••:<:~ c..."" ~ ~vfA,llJ-.::b." p.~f't!-A-

    \r\ c.o.\'\ ~ 10 v y\ d fv ~ -\"ka. c.o ~ u d~ I/." c I.v.,. t" fY"""" T"" bl f' A- - l~
    ?c,:12.Q ~;{."'" I Tc, =S<cgoR. TlA~"",

    Pt,: (3?°/lf.1)A:ilNl -= O:~O TRI': C-f.O,o,e Z 1..'2..


    'l2.ct "",t- Stig°lt
    USIt-\~ +~ J fi~" A- \ ~i~"~:: "'1':0 - ~

    VI = VR\ (It Pc.1C.)~ +.0 (~S'foS"~'~1(5c(<<OlZ)\ \ l.yt~ '\ ~


    (12., ~ 14,,;t) Ilttli"'~} ~41"
    ;l.1.qS-

    =178# \W \
    3 (·2000 '8~) \ I 8~
    U""? ~ Go I + ~ ': "J.\.'tS- ~ -to l.S'\h~l)t~1.0~Ji4 IlIlf1Et1)
    ":: t S.'"l..l -¥t3 / (b~ J

    S~I A;' s~~) 'rR1.-:' PltJ"=. O:~O At\cl ..r,i2.. = \J""~fc..liTc.


    I (lS.1.( ft3I1b~)(<"12.ct){&1',,1)(i4f)'L;flftL.
    ~l~' . . . .. =2~1
    Q.S\4.1"'"lb....r.'/~
    t!:..!!+ y St.4~·~)
    J..:

    Rc~I'-~) -to f\~. A~IJ TJtL= O.'1s: Tk.wo

    T~ ~ Itt't. ic. = (O.q~)(Sl(~OR):=' ~:u OR -~::a--------


    3
    ·V v=- O.OS M

    ,, r
    /0
    s:....l.llDC
    ~
    !
    N2. ::. ;2S;l. I<
    : J,!
    W\::. RT
    :: <. I0 H p~ ) (0 .0 S- ~ ~) I' I 0" tJI '(tI\~Il k ,, p:::. (0 Mfa..
    :: (00 ba. r
    S,'l'f a k:r.)(2SJ.I<.) I f.1P6. 10 tJ·W\
    ( 2i. 0l k']'~

    :: <o.Co~S- l<9 ~~I---------------_--:""':~~~~

    Cbl us,~~ d.~ -troVVl Table. A-I


    (00 ba~
    PR :. PIrC. =: 3~,<t· j)~r -= 2. q5"} Fis .A-Z
    TA :. T / ,Co :::2s;z, K ~ 2,00 'tik' % O,CDS"
    T~s
    (
    RTC.)n." K r(~~~nll'I.I.)l( \\ -3
    V=trfl.1 Pc:. -=-(O'(,S'L (33.'0 'JiOoz.l:.1.L1IXlo rvai/k,

    I.' A 5SUW'I'hg +f..ta.t +he. ck.o,,..+ va-lue i-s correci, the ide«! aa.s
    L 7\1odel u~d.er-pretli.ch +he. mASS h::} 4Ioo(..(.t. L.f. ( Ok •

    PR Df?JLE/Vl .3.82
    Fo,," all 5rn.{eS jV\ +~Q. :S\"'4.d~J ('~~l6'" 0\1\
    -the. T- v o.fQ.~ ~M f <. D. l'\'\ ~ \o(A.y,. S \'~C.e.
    2:,-+1 (1.S fR.~oJ+kct. ic(<Z.a.\ 5<'4 W\.ocke.\ <:4"- T
    be G~Q.clc.<L.l ~ s~ t , 'If If is \ltdiet *e~
    it W l \\ 'oe. ev~V\ be tteV' ().,,+ o-+We.V" '€>tt.ltes ''''
    1'~e. shcteleA 'fe.tJ\CM. Ff'O~ \a~\e A-2-

    a
    lY, -:. 1J <! b00c. =lac" l' mil k.~

    £ :.
    l R T\
    ::. (D.l'i~'t b~y") ( 7.lo1 ( tt&3/krj) (IOSNI'V\\~, (
    8.31 Y. "::r \ (foO +'2.'3) K l 'oC4.... 'J
    ( 18.0'- ~.\<. J

    :. O.qtt" => lolea' ,~, wwd4!.1 i-s (1ceu,t"etfe ;11\ f;ko.J.ecQ r"eql~.

    3- 70
    PRD(/)~E.M .3. B3

    1. 20

    '.0
    1. 10
    -T
    1. 00
    1. 20 "-> z=- 1.0 Ii .. .-
    ,.~ 1. 10
    ..
    /
    ~-
    -- ""h r"
    - ---- ---
    ----- --- - - --- -- -- ---
    - _7----
    T.... '·~O

    ---- .-.---.-=--
    --:.._ 2.!l(}
    -
    -~

    ... - ------- - - - --: - --- - - -::..:::.-


    - ---
    -- --- -- . ~ -.::.- -::;::;.-: ~~~~
    Q. f
    2. 0
    II 1. 00
    "I
    .£ o.90
    - ~
    ~~~""
    ~~~,?7"'- ,~
    - -- -0-
    , ...-
    _- -r ::

    '' / - ,,'"
    - .6;- z->
    "" ..... --- .--
    ~
    ~

    .~
    ~
    -::~ ~
    -2!!P
    ~
    ~ o.80
    ~ ~~o , ___
    ~''i., ~\./
    I' 9,;.~",/~

    J< o~?/p~;~ /" .,/


    ,;
    •
    -:
    ,.
    ,,"
    ,./- ~
    \.40 --
    .."......-- ~
    ::-- -s> .,.
    ~
    :D
    .~

    '"a.
    o.70
    \ X; >\J\ , ...."
    I ' /;'
    oV0;:-'
    V' X'\:/ ,,/ /' ~.
    ;"
    .0
    ,.f-:v':: ~~ »>
    ~O ():~ ~ / / ~
    q;..V
    - .., .., .-:::a
    ,\" X \:. /"'v ,/ /. -: ~;'0;2_'}-~
    ~ o.60 \ X, 'x' , -:: .-, ..1J!Y :::--::::; .::r
    ,'( -v ,J\..", , , , 1.1''';:':'-:: -::?
    o.50
    '\' , ,- .- -s-:
    /

    o040 'X <: ~ ~


    / ,\ / /~~ .-
    o.30 / " ~/
    " /'\:~ I
    <c-: I
    o.20
    o 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
    Reduced pressure, PR

    Figure A-2 Generalized compressibility chart, PR :5 10.0. Source: E. F. Obert, Concepts of


    Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960.

    for ai r Table A-I


    J• ~ \ve.s; Tc. =:.133 K Pc. =37.7Iu~r J . The. followln!') .
    observa:Hon,S Gat'! 6e ma.d.e. -fnJ"" the ClAArt-. The. jc(eQ I 94s Vl10del Is
    ~a.sona"Je. kJheVl
    • PR <. 0.1 J .for all +ernpertl.ktYeS ( P <.3.77 bay )
    • for T~:: 2.0 (,:=. Z{Pfo k.); ~ < 7. 2 epc:. :211!tJ~ )
    • -for TR =2. S (T:::. 333K); ~ <'5.0 (p<./8Qbcw:)
    ·..fOr I/l. =3, 5 (r= 'ift,'c /<. ) j PIC <.3. 'S (f4/32 bar)
    · for Tr< > 5. D (T=G,fgSI<) j f/l. <. 3. 2. ( pc:. 12.1 hM )
    · for TR.:> IS (T=- J'I'SIC)j 'P,~ <-11t) ( P><' """41o&W')
    · for- T~ '> 1..D (T.:::Z/ofl,lc:.); Ff< <.3.2.. (p </ZI h~ )
    rhus J -for rno.nCj common a.pflic.atf.ol'\~J,(,fir ca.", be. re,(£$()nablJ modeled as cI~
    IdeAl JaA.

    3-11
    (il)

    (1))

    (d) Alr aJ; lltftn. 2c!)Doog


    •
    ~ : PIPe ':: I a.ny:3?, '2.aha-t : 0.0'2.7 7 M8,/t- 2
    'R = Tire. :. '2.()f:J O °leI 2 3 1°;? ':: <B.3? J Z «t.o (ol)
    Ided tJtUl-~c-----..;.,,;.;;:.

    (el

    3-7Z
    PRDeLe.M :3.85

    eel) Re.fv-i.~era.~* 134tt. Gt:. BDOC, /.10 ~Pa-


    Fn:>tvJ TCLbie A- J2. ~ -k.chIe. -:.
    tr O. OI'f3 5 yr)3/"!3

    Itt~&ce.st'"t>de.'j (831~ L<.:l \(~) ·3


    _ ~T _ lO~.03 ~J ~S3 I. 1 ~p~ 11'0 JJ.~
    tJi~~( - r - (i.« HP~) 10" tJ(i\\"" ,\ b"!I
    :. 0.017'18 W13/~.s
    0/' O.o/7CJ B - f). 0 fL13.5 oj
    /0 d~vi(J.+toY\ :: , )( I~O :: 2 S.3 10 41
    D. D' 4-35 (I.'\Q+ ~~.~
    .....) - - - - - -

    lb) f?~f'r'l~~lLlA.t {31./0... qt Sa°c. ,0./0 ~PCA.

    Prom tsu« A-lZ; ~aLI~:: O.281/''1 rn 3 / 1cg

    3-13
    ~NOW:' O)(v~e:" I'~ ~+ A. S+A'k fu<:ecl b~ p,.e~rlA.('e. o.",~ S-P~CA-A·C.~I~VV\e,
    '.
    ~. "D-e* rlM.\ Itt e, +~ -k """'1' e ('A ·K.V -e USi..,'5 '1 e 11 e V"A.l, 3 ~d. C-'H'.. p N" Sf I h I I, ~
    dA. +~ ().~ ci c..e IN'-f'~ w " ;-c... ~ VA ILt e CA. ( c.",-l A 'k d frtA&\ ~ 00(," c:la.A..t ~ cl.A.Q _ '4.;,)
    Al.JALYSi~·, p::: 2$0 loA"') \1"= 0.00 ~ lA-\3/1:::, " c.v; . h" Tc:.: lSY Ie a.~~ PC::: SO.S" OA.r
    fr~ 7Abl~ A -,

    ~: ;;~ -=- <-t.q~J VR. ~ V (o.ooi ..,..3/r,)(~o.s~/o'r),J/..... y O.~1'l


    Pc..
    ~ ~ 1"63/'1 ~ V'S\{ 1::) =
    ~~.OO 1:'5'1:. r-

    T= 1C I~ ~ (IS4 K)(:2.0) -:. SO~ K -4QQ.--- T


    U.s;"" -I-Io\..t -\ cU.-t 'A.::7 4, IJ A f,'VV\, t) f .s~

    To:: P\r _ ('-S01-.f o5"/V!,.,.tX O.Oo,?> w.'3I~J) = ~~ K


    (i: - (~~~o ~:~_)
    T""'" v/lo.lu~...o ~ % ..Jl,..gss +~"' ~ A_q ~ obfl4,;/lte q (..ui~ co_pr.f>rsihil,.,., cLA..h:t_

    ~08lEM B.gr
    KNowN: Air l'~ 0.+ &i-~ ft'><~d. b'1 p"""-~.£l.4f.e) Ul>lvWle.. .::\nc:L 1v~ W\4S'S'.
    0..
    1=lfo.JO: o.e..~,."""",..,~ +'- ;.~""""pe.,--..f-u~. c.~tk~"t)J..\ekt., ~ ,.cU....f ~...., JA,...e4a.t. i
    AN It L "('r,' s~ ....., :: 5 1<'1 'P:' 0 -.3 M 'PA.J v= 2... '2. """s ';:;'0_ lAW, A-I.J M:: 28.' ":1,)
    It ':. 3r.? loAf'; TC = 133 J<. The~

    PI - P 3 Iol..r- :: O. 0 8) /::
    Vtt V p~ ': (1.'').''(llls~, )Cn"r XlDl-'V!",,1.) -= 4-3. +G,
    R- Pc.::' "1T.':l-hA,... r Tc in k:)
    (*tf?-
    ~3 1 ':1: N'M"y
    ~ .~j..

    f.e.-ferr'""w fi.,A-l.J %:-/. T"'-u't l.lS ~ elf ~ " c:lu..t ,,<4..$ lUi VA "DVt "f r-fa. -k...
    i' j IH H fi fOe! •
    T=- pty/W\):. (a K
    'i. lOS" t-J/ ...1.. z.l.IM'JiS~j) ::. 460 K......ait----- r
    ~ (<i J 1'/ f "l8· q 1- ~- .... / ~ -/<:. )
    ?eOBLl: M 3.88 ~
    KNOW"": A ~t\'" of 1~l'\Ow", Vlo'\(),.SS c..",,~,·,.'tr ~lrL;- A..tr~CAit"f'J telMpe,..,fc,\ie.
    an <1 PJI,Ia s S v.t e .
    FfIVf): De+et'~""'. ~ Vl>ll4"",c o -t -{-he (;\.,',... Ver,f't +hA+ ~ i~ .,a..t ~OLa..t -.pplt'es.
    ANAL..'t'~tS~ ~ ':. t 0 (6 / T =10 of :S30 R
    o
    f ?::. ?o (bt-l,"\-: Lv; 11- 'Tc.) Pc.. tv- ~ 7", ~le A -'5
    1(.: z..3'7()~.1 Pc.:: '3r." A~

    T~:. ~ -:. 530°f2. :-J..'2.1,) P2: £.;- (30111-,'1) 0; 0.05"S'


    rc ~~~ OIl. "" 37. "2-
    ~rl'~~-lb ft.,. A~I.J Z'" I. T~l) \A~ 1~ ~.~ ja.o ~1v",,-h~1 ~h.JJ..
    ~s j"S~'~'t d: p'"V"::. W\ ~T ) OY-

    «0 (~ Y4--. lb-f) ( SsO oR.) '1


    V--
    ,,-yo- [b\
    W\t.... \ ::. ;;)..~.q1 (6~R.
    ) - $'1.1 f'L~ -
    P (--;0 ~ It(" l~~ 7~p.) -0 ., t'T~
    PRo/?>UE-M 3.8~

    Foran ideal ~as: J = pi (~) T :: f 1:1. / 12. T


    For heJ iu,1\I\ ~~t-< ttL"') €.fAciA at#e 64me p.,essuv< QMt;.{ f~VtAfJ€"'4fu.re
    s"fe. -:. F M N~ I R T
    YCc.L·r = p-M.a.w / jaT
    -rkus
    ::
    If. 003
    ).8.17 = D.13e

    PROt!JLeM 3.~D~
    (j) Us I;' j -th e. ide.a.l g(.c,S t'rI 0 de.l to c( e teV'm 111 e "'1'r::ro=r=-=_ 11 -::. ) l\,n,o \
    -liAe. Volu.m e 1100-
    'P ~ 100 lLJ.ii","2..
    y=.l1RT
    - I
    Ar ~ : T= SS-ooR
    p 1- _ _ _ _ •

    :: (1Ibm D I ) ( / S4 5 ;:~~~"p. )(SS"OOR) I J f~~1


    ( lOO Ibf"....OZ') 14.'/ JI1~

    ~ Sct.O\ ft3.. . . .~ ~ v
    l. The. fX.ppfi c.ab 'tl tty of- f-/,te ill ~(~~ V\1.ode-1 c..u..... Ioe ve-v-if i e.4 ~S
    re..(e'l'n~ to tke.. U>YlAfY~ssit.,tl H!J e-fAavf.

    3-75
    P12D6LcM 3/1/

    Pressure-specific volume of air as an ideal gas (81 Units)


    10 - r r T " " r - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    ---B-- T = 300 K
    6 ----A- T = 500 K
    -8- T= 1000 K
    --*- T = 2000 K

    o 2 4 6 8 10

    Pressure-specific volume of air as an ideal gas (English Units)

    200

    180

    160

    140
    ---B--T = 500 0 R
    120 ----A-T = 1000 0 R
    - 8 - T = 2000 R
    ~ 0
    N
    C
    :;;; --*- T = 4000 R 0

    .0
    100
    ~

    c-
    80

    60

    40

    20

    0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    v (ftlllb)

    3-7~
    'PROBLEM 3.'13
    K~OWN: Mefl.u""e. IJw:let"joe.s ~ PA.OUl~.s befw..e"" +~ S+A+E"J' J elif.ck ft~~·4. h::J
    1C~lNY\ V ~ h,ur 0 i- P"'-' $I \.v e( l K c:l +e. """ p e, I"'d ~..-e.
    /=//...)4>.' De~"".""'lA t A n h ~ il'\.-k-; r4l.f\l'1j CP (T) fr~ ""TA.101~ A~ I .'" cl
    c~c~ -t"'t te~"", If UC i ~') 4:'1:

    A*"A loY S'\'l): Ij :. 3'2..0 10:= J 1', ='2. bi-r j 7i.:: Boo ~ Pz. '::. I 0 &o~r-. TVoKA -r. tql e A -I)
    Tc:: lq\ I< ) Pc ~ 4~ ,4 bAr, T&...u..s

    TR\:: 3 2e' :: I. l. 8 T~'l.. ':: ~"t>lo: 4. Iq


    l~,

    fer:: ~: 0.04 f~'l..::.i.E.. - O. "Z.2.


    4(". i- 4(,.4 -

    Re-f.t.v-ril'\9 -to F,·~.A--I 4+ PI2:I )T~I ~""" p~'Z)TIZ"'&.J+L1e. idett':J.AS lMode.l iSA('pJicalok.
    ikusI 1) h =J'z. c, cJ.r wl.tel"~ ~(T) is DbM.i"t eel .(YD~ T~lo/e A- 21. Tkcd 1".5
    TI - , ' ) rr
    'YeT):. R(OCt/3T+(fT z .,. ~T3+ €-r")

    ~ h(T"Z~-l-tl.Tt):' s':CpC.T) dr :. R J Tz()(+~T+ ~'T'~ di~+GT'f)dT


    " T/
    :. R [0(('''' -T,) -I- ~ (T~z-1i~) + .f (,:-1/) + f (Tz't.T, '1) + 1(TzS-T SJ ] t

    :r~sey·h '''J~ v"dues k-:i'


    '" IT,.,)- hLT,): (B.31'f ICMOl.,,) (3. 82.'-{ SoD-320) + (:-3.e:t1q )(lO-3)(BOO~ 32.02.)
    lb.O"t ~ ) 2-
    (
    \c.Mo\
    b
    ..- (2Y.S:S'BKlO- ) l Boo3_ 320') +- (-2.2. 7 3 :J XIO- 'i ) { 8 0 0 &f_ 310 't )
    3 ~

    + ('.c\b3;If:) -t2
    )(SODS-32.0S)
    J
    ::. l't ef\, '3 ,,::rI ,<j•• Ah

    ITCode Alternative solution;


    =
    cp cp_T("CH4", T)
    =
    T1 320 /I K =
    dh Integral(cp,T)
    T2 = 800 /I K Using Explore button, sweep T from 320 K
    h1 = h_T("CH4", T1) /I kJ/kg to 800 K in steps of 1.
    h2 = h_T("CH4", T2) /I kJ/kg
    =
    delh h2 - h1
    The ano.~"'iccd ~k.el IT t"e6ults CD"1'at"oL
    IT Result V.e.l'"~ fa. VDra 1.1 j .
    sn =1489 kJ/kg

    3. 0, If
    PIZO&t,6fCA
    Froo« 7obJ4t. A-2/: ~ 1-,. =2.5::' 5/2-
    tJOLO eer =ep - ~ ~'> ~ = ~ -I ::: i
    ~ 1<':~:'~:SI
    c;,. 3/2. 3 .......~----------------

    3-71
    KNOWN: A pat:ldle r.Vhee/-fnu'JSter'"StYlel'59 +0 CtrnV'1oVlie\cDl1-ht.\£.tGd,~ C4. clore.J,
    Y'i",C{" well-iIrtStda..le4 fa-VIle..
    FIND: Defet'm,'",e fke f,"vt().f teV\1peV'(J.fu~e. D.f +ke. AVhWlO)1la.

    St HEMATIC t tTl VEe N DATA:

    "n'I = a./21b
    •
    V ~ z ,;+3
    , I. -/ r, :: ;J. 0 11o~ /,'11\2.
    ~ {' ~ W =. -;2.0 8tu.
    Amrt1 o J'\ i tl l /:

    ~ /~/~
    A5sUM PItoNS: (I J The /Arnm DYlia. is t:t closed s<J.sfe.m.(2J The a~Mo#1iC\ ~V8S
    (j) as. aYl idea.'80A. C3) -rkQ.re is
    no heed 1ra.Vlf'ter.("t} J(,i.-te-l-ic, ~ ,o!-ellLft·a../ ene"9!J
    effecfs ().re ne~/ ;5i bJe .
    ANk~YSI'S: To de.f.e.V'~'·VJe the +tuo.' fe~rtLftA. reJ .b~i~ wi~ +""e eHe..,~ hAlaM~
    Ay1-~ Jy4t+ AU" {/.W (;(oj

    E"a.ltAAf' ~ AU
    AD :. "'M..61.(. .::. YVa f T~) dT
    ~ I J

    FrOf11 7able A-.2IE.: ep=. R(.3.Sql+a.2iCfx.103T+2.S7")ClOr.T'Z .... ,.1.f37)C16'r3+O'2bOlXl1,~Cf


    w'lf'" ~ v = c.r - R
    AU = 'h\ R fT,T2-(2 .5" .,. 0,2.7"1 }(i03 T + 2.' 7'-:K ,O"TJ-I.., 11)(, 0',.;3.,. 0, 2.'0' 1Clo'r"')~
    ::. (~.'2IltJ)l I'S~5 f+·J~)1
    (1'7,0"" ''''-r< IBhA.
    ;7BI-I./1,f
    I[ (....
    2.51. T~-ll)+ ...
    0:21'1X, 53
    2.
    ~
    CT~-r.)
    2-

    .1.'57iP )(10-" (T. ~ T 3) _ I. "I'37x,6' (T,.'f-T,"') + 0.2'0' XIO 'c:r: S_ "T" S )]


    + 3 2., '-{ 5 ~ 'I.

    The i",itia I 1eYt1pero.fu.re ;s (.lit.)

    -r: = PaV _ (-2ol£,flti.t")(J.#-') I'Lflt)IA'7.! o


    • ~R - (.12. (b) ('S4~ ff"l,.,) 1#'2. = 52'j,'t R.
    11.04 ,b.oR

    Com h,;" 1~..9 +lte .s~rre& rnla.*tinls 0Md. ,nserfJirA!} vaQ,tu,s) T,. .beu>rnes flv2.
    Cl1~ u.u.kl1.Dw~. u..SiV'j ~V\ eqoo.ti(/V\ .sclv.er s\)ch ~ :I:TJ

    T-:z. ::. t:J :lO.t or<. 4i:E----------------~


    I. FOf" S~tt4e I rfl.. = (2.0)/(111.3' ''I.''') = 0.001'2.'2. JTlC,= ~2.Cl.'i)/~30) =tJ.72..
    Fro ......
    Frtj. A-I; ~,-::". 7ku.s) fUSUWll'f,·""" a is (".ttt:<soVlA.h/c -lor skk I. 8fj,s!M; 14 r
    G¢1A.~ W.e.'('cv+~ I it C~ t..e CU'l1.cLu&e.J .f1Aett fWJ. lclecJ 9"s moc(e.l IU
    ret1-soraab/-e -loY
    ~fr.e/e. Z aOS we.LI.
    KNOWN; A\.,," ~~ c.~Y'~OV\ ck\o')(;\((e o..rf. eCYl~I~ec:( -fo eppOJ\te t>\ties o~ 0...
    ~~\d, w~n- \W~v...\Cl,,"e.et t.Ovt\o..'~e.r. '\..e fo.r-\-\+\·o~ ~O'lQ.S o.~ ~l\ows t.~c.­
    +\o~ .fv"OM O'4\e. tC>.S +0 +\-.e. o,",-e.v- lA.\I\fil e~u.\\ \\0 'f""","", i.~ Q.c.'-'\·ev~A..
    F\Nt); 'D~te,Y-W\\'~~ +~Q t-\-\\o..\ +e"M.peV"Cltu.Y'~AAe.t freuu.re.
    DCl*E.MA-1'\c' i Ct\VW DATA ~ **
    A~SUMPT\O'-l~" (\) The '-ow\·~\\'-\s of +~e
    c.oV\-\-o.~v.e.~ forM a.. C\ose.J. ''d s\-Q.'M..
    (2.) The. O.:"V" (>..~ co. be.'-'Q.ves e.s
    i~(.(\.l ~eue.s WL~ ~sffJ..\\t ~rCCl.f.t·c.
    heo..+S. (~) The. s~ ~\-e.M is lS 0\ o..te.cl Partition Insulation
    So Q. 0 0.. \A.& w = C. (4) The. Ye \S -ri.c
    e.~e."'~'d s to(-e.d. i,-, +\;..e. ea.nt-nov.. •
    <'(5) \<. \~e.\-lC. o..w:l ~o+~\I\t-~ eY\f,rStl e~c.\:s
    D.JI'E. '(\ e.~l\~ \ b\e...

    kN'A-L.'/Sl5 I. To o.e;\·eV"'fY\\\I\e -\''t.e. t-I~d-.\ -te.'M~<l-r~.:\ .. u.re ~ be.~\V\ wi-\-\\ -H\e..


    e-~~"'8~ Gct\o..",c~ 0

    ¥+ JI~+ ~v ~ ft°j4°
    or" w',.I-t... ~U:: 'YY\a.i.V" t>U-o..iN- + YV\c.oa, b\A. CO'20 o...~ u..~\"'.j El' .3.50

    T :. 'M(1,\Y<:"io.\W'T,~Q.~V" + 'V'nc.()~C.",.,)co, 1')(,0'20


    6..
    'N\o.,V,- <=''''',o..Vr + VY\ c..o
    "
    c...r c.o
    ) 'Z-

    The s\>Q.c\fic. heo..'\-s ~\v..a cJ.o..."\-o- f,-O"M T oJo\~


    o..fq, evdv...o,:teA A- zo a.:t e;
    me.o...V\ +e.~Q.~o..tu..YQ o~ Lfoo\<, ) cU'~o..\,. • 0,·12.. (0 ~/~'K ~
    c.\1"~C.O'lo : O.'1S0 ~"J/\<.cs' K. ThlA.>.) t~Q +''''G..~ +'tVV-fe..~Me. is
    C\ k&j1(D,12.lo \:.:r/~"~)(~50 K) T (3)(.'50)('tS~)
    T'Z., =--.:.------:::...--------------
    (l ~) (o . 1'2.!cJ k:r/luj' ",,) ('3) (.'150) -t-

    :. Y:2.5, b \< .... T:a.

    Ne')ct, ~ ~\"'cl. t~e. +-\\.\0-\ fY~s~u:(e > +lne. +oto..\ \lC'l\A.'Me \( V\eeJ.~et.
    T\\e. \~\t\o..\ vo\.u.~~ 6~ ~ o...Vc is
    'Vno..v.r R o.i.,. T\ J Q,.Vr-

    (I It.. )
    ~
    f, .. 0..\,-
    (8.'3''1 "r\'. ) (350 \:;.)
    "e,en "'3"
    (s b~r )
    . \ ba.v-
    lDS'wlW\'Z
    I
    L0
    3
    N,~
    \ \c.'!
    PRf)B~cM :3.'1 fo

    S I M ~I a..r 't:1 fa r fl.1e c.a..rbot' a/OX ,de.


    V :. 'M{O~ 1<,0'" Tl) (,0", ~ (3) (~i~.'otl,) (QSo) l 31
    1),"0'2, ~
    ~)~4 (~) IO~

    :: 1.275 )1"\3

    Vfot ~ D. ZD I ~ 3 + 1.2 7S M 3 = I, I.fi~ t\'\ 3


    lJow J a++~ -?l"'a.l skte
    Y1-1-o+ R. Tz.. ':. (Y\Qt'-r + V\",,,.') i2. T4
    V~+ V+o-t-
    Wi~ Y\ ~ Y\o'l/M
    ( Yl"4~V' / M 4W .,.. WlCoz. / Hc.o.) R 1;.
    f-z. -:. .
    \/+0+

    ( 28.~1\"~/kWlOI
    "-5
    ~
    .
    -...L )( k:T)( )
    + 11'f.OI 9. ~''4 1(.~oH<.. Lj 25." Ie:. 10 N'M
    - (l.l.lclo M3) lk:r

    ~ ~~
    2.4(,2 bCLV-... ....;.-'O

    L Il-ae CtSfur.llp-t-ICrl'\ 1)+


    CCl'tst-a.t.t-t ~pec.iflG l-1ecx.fs -ftJ.c.lli+Q..fes +he J-e-fefMli-tatlDvi
    of T2..' The tt.u u.w.r.+l·Ch\. is r€ASof\"IoJ~ for ~ ('e.la.i-weltJ <sMa. ~l hMpera.tu.te.
    r~V\~e. i1l\ 11A.t.s pro 10 ~r'\'\.

    '3-80
    KNDWN: I-(eat transfe r: occurs to o.ir"" IVl tl rifJI4 1a.KIt:.. The initial sl-a.fe.
    is speci'fi e4..
    FIND: "DefeYM'VJL tl1e fl"'~( teMperQ:ltA.re Alkd P'('8~1.u.t"e usin5 (4)~ ltnI.s-law:t
    spec.if,.c 1f7J.lL<.e) (bJ fA. spec.ifl.c heat *V\c.tL~)(c.) tItJtQ:W- ~hle..s.
    sc HEMAn, i DkTA: ""leu
    ASSUMPr!QN.$; (I) The. air is a. clo$eJ sysl-em. v-s«:
    (;t) The a.ir bel1ctve$ ~ a.n ideal 'Jag. (3) 1heY'e
    p, ::. xo 1~-F/liA"Z.
    is no work.. (II) I<,~~tic. fAntJ. fol-e.Ylti~{ e~er9t:l
    Air T, =-StDD°1<
    effeck ctre.. n~li~IJoIe.
    Q.::t.b6iu.
    To defe.rml~e tJ1e f,itcd feV\lt,pttv-a.+Ure) bt2fjin 'V,'rh the ene~~
    Ayl~ ~E. -I- AU ~ 0.-)11"
    or '1'l1(IA~-L<..,) =- a. ~ 1Az:-u.. c ': QIYV\

    Evo.lu.a.+,~ fl.te Mets;S


    p V (;2.0 I bf/;Ii\'Z. ) (2. U ~) ~I&.l"f i ~}
    m =- RT =- ('5'1.15 -F/-',bf)(500 R'\) ,~'1. = 0 0.21.4,
    . lb
    2.8.'1 rio. 0«. "
    (0.. ) Fe> r <X. CDYtsta It t ~~c.lf;c.. heed- ecr

    'U.-z:- U, '=- e LT cT~ - T I )


    Tkus) w',~ (~)
    -r:.
    I~
    OJ +- T.
    ;;;c:,. I

    Fro~ Ta.ble A -;20£ J ~-t t=-/oo"F (6 oo ° tz ) J ~",..:. O. {72. 5kt/ lb· OR.. -rf.uAs
    T2, = (b B.(v.. '> "t" .soo0{t2.
    (.2((. Ib) (./12. 6Ju/cb·o~)
    =. k>~d.5 OR. ~ (cq Tz.
    AccorcL4~J f..--~.s ~""'"'P"""'A~ i","~ ~ vo...l...u..a. -~.ec:l fov Cv &.a -PfVYfYl'~'
    T~ 'P""'-A s t tA. ( e, p.... IA

    /./5"15)
    'P :. \In R T"Z. _ (.21" )\ oz.8,tfl ((Po/.5) _ /. ~ (4.\ P2.0
    1'1. V - ( z.) ( l 't &.I ) - 2 fJ.l/fs, Ibf' ~ ..,~:-.-..::...-..;.",~

    CDCb) From Tab/eA-21E.


    ~r =-R(oI+t8T + 1r 2 + rr 3 + E- T 'i )
    wit" ;. -=: eV" .,. R.
    Cv = R (0< - , ... PT + II T 2.+ d r 3 + c T 'f )

    3-BI
    Tw,S T'L
    U'Z.-L<.., = JT,GrdT
    ::'~RRoC -. )(7'2. -"T,) f- t (T'2.~T,"1) + t (T;- T,1) + f<l;'!. ~'t) t- ~ (T:-r,Sil
    I va ser+l"'~ va {ue..s
    _ 1I.'i Sb eWlb ~o(. tie) h.7112.XIO -3)( ~
    [ 2.«''5'3 (T:&,-S()O) ~C:z.
    '1A£U, - \. ~B.cr111/rloM.o' '1.- SOD)~
    + ~ .0 1 7; '0 -c. )(7;,3-5DO') -{ o. 3 2.~Xlb-
    Cf
    ) (~Y_ .5Do'1H~·02j 2.X/ o'j(1;.:'sotf)]
    (1f-*)
    Combtv,il1g ~ sfa.rrec1Il?la.f-t.011s aMd ;11~eY/-J~j Va.lc..c.es) Tz. hel.oYl1e.s+lut l>n '!J
    'U~lc:.n.own. Solvilf\~ Hef'&f,fiveI1
    ( b) T,..
    Tz. =. " 61. i> DR. 'C4lii---------------~­
    ~ &.2'.'17 IbfliIll44~-------------~~.
    (hI f'2..

    (c, From Table A-22E 1 tL,:: 85.20 8.fu/IJ,.Frbftl (JIr)

    t-<.2.':' Q/'IY\ + u.. l


    :.("
    o.~lbi
    ~b)'" B S.20 =. /I :LC, B 8o}t( 1110

    r l11erpola.h~ jtA Table. A~22E.


    T~ = ~"La 0R..-E<~ ~""__=_..=.

    rz :':2 b. 4.1 I bit i~1-. .

    T1 = 500 /I oR
    p1 =20 Illbf/in. 2
    V = 2 II fP
    Q = 6 II Stu
    delu =Q/m
    m =V I v1
    v1 =v_TP(IAir",T1 ,p1)
    delu = R * ((alpha-1 )*(T2-T1 )+(beta/2)*(T2 A2- T1A2)
    +(gamma/3)*(T2 A3-T1 A3)+(delta/4)*(T2 A4- T1A4)
    +(epsilon/5)*(T2A5-T1 AS))
    R = 1.986128.97 II Stu/lb·oR
    alpha =3.653
    beta =-0.742E-3
    gamma = 1.017E-6
    delta = -0.328E-:9
    =
    epsilon 0.02632E-12 IT Results
    v2 =v1 T2 = 661.8°R
    v2 =v_TP(IAir",T2,p2) P2 = 26.47 bar
    PR08~EM 3. 'J B

    /UJowf.): A ~ets. YVIix·l.l,(xe ext'cH1d.~ wi+'" k",ow~ 'P'(eS'su.t"e-·\lok.4~e


    0.. r-t..IGl+lolI\,.
    ,he. i~i+LA' sht.+e. is fixeel CiluA +tAe he~ 1rt1I1\S+er -for +k.e. froces:s 's kl\ Owl'\ •
    Fl fVD: DekvlhlYte CA) -Ike tLi--\o1 te.Mp.etra.?u,vv:. J (6) +L-te +l~a I 'PY'eS~ure. ,,(C) +~e.
    .fiV\cJ \/0 Lu-t\I\e I (;llo\.e! (cO +ke. work. .
    sene-MAne It 6=\ veN 'DA-TA:
    Q~3.84 k.T M =-33 ~91"-mol
    'F, = 3 ba..-
    ~ -r; = 3001<.
    pVI. ~(qttsf. V, =0.1 rY\ 3
    .-..==-=--_1---_
    for -Ike ~ixfu,r~: ~v::. 0." + (2.5)(10-"') T
    (T'~ 1::." 4..r ik IL;r/~. K.) V
    ASSUMPTlQNS: (,,) The ~4S 'Yki xtu.ve. is ~e clou.d S ~6te.r'YI .(~) 7ke 54.S Vkixh...c.re.
    be.~\le~ itS ()..lI\ id(C4,,1 BtU
    .(3) -,he 1>rocess is rDLfj.frOfic. wi+L.. 11\ :.1,3. C'+) J<,~e-l-ic..
    (J,vW fokvztia.-l eVle.V'1!:1 ef.fecis tt~ Yl~/e~. .
    AN Al\fS 'S ~ (0..) To flHd tke. t-l VIa-I ..J.e~ra:ItA . re oJ .:s-ltPrf ~/+t.t f1A.e.. eli1er,,'1 b,clauce
    a l'Ld elC('('e;;s fhe iu.-f~V'V1.f4.1 eV1er~~ ~Q ~ WMk. Lf-1 +errns cf- :.fte..n.t..pe~
    dvJ..~) (tS follow,. Flr-st
    A~+~ +-~U =- Q-W
    From Sa. 3,57 .for +J1e (J'0/~:f/rt)d'ic 'Pyoo:ss
    1> VL.
    W=- Sfd..V =- WlRCT2.-1i) (-Ie)
    '" I-VI
    A-lsD I -Pron, -I--k42. fJ I \Ie"" l.v- .,..e.laJ~
    r 72. D 2 SXIO-C/ \1
    .A V:. 'YI1 J_ Co-LT) aT :. ~ L(P·b)(Tz, -T,) +( . Z. }(7z,~Ij't.U
    T,
    III\Wt"por4..fl~~ elY) ~ (\f j$) I~to +Lc.e e~eY,~ ba.{aMCe.
    d.S'XIO-C/ U= Q - _Y\'JI>.I'T: -Ii)
    Y\I\
    KD.~ )(li. -1j) +( '2- - ) (T~~1j 2.) r-'- z. I.
    l-~

    T~ Yl'\~SS is fo\.l.V\ck ~\V\~ +~e lderJ ~&\S e,\A.4..+~()1;\. C(.,;- skde I

    vv\::. -
    p,V, :.
    (3.beu··)(O.lm'3) 1·'!tJl,u~11 \«J
    ' ' ' ' : : . D, 3et..,
    I k~
    RT1 (8.3 I lf) g (3001<) I Mt'" lo3 N' MI\
    33 ~'l<

    U5"~ IT wif'", m =0,3" ~5, T; ::.3001<, Gl :.3,5'1 Ic.T} a.£4.d.I2= ~.~1"/$3 Ic~/~.,,­
    to sot ve .fer Tf.. :
    delU = Q-W
    W=(m*R*(T2-T1))/(1-1.3)
    delU = m * (0.6 * (T2 - T1) + ((2.5E-4) /2) * (T2"2 - T1"2))

    IT Result
    T2 = 243.7 K ~~
    ..... 7;"
    PRDeUEN .3.98 ( ec.-.M, )

    (on Now, v.sl~j (~) +0 ev~lu.,de ../.{,e wo-rk.

    W ::. m R. (Tz. - T, )
    (1-')') (831'1) "J
    ::. CO.397 ktj) j 3 1<9 'I<. (2-'1-3.7 - 300)
    (/-1.3)
    =I 8.77 ..
    k.~~ W

    3-84-
    PROBLEM 3.0,0,
    ..
    /<NOII<IN: l-Ie(i.,.\Iwt ~aJ v",d~"''jo~.s 0. proc.Ut fo,.
    r..v!A...·c"" fijI::. COVlSfr.,.",-t
    fto""'" Q. jl"~V'\ ..~h;""" S'+-.te. t::. tfA.. S'p~t.4.~·ec::l -j;1'\.-t {ZA..urv....-e..
    ~" 'De+c""""""",.(' ~ ,-,",c",,·le.. 46'\.d VteA.+ ty-A.V\S~/ea.c."'pt,.v~ 1; lM.4..rs.
    SCti'iMA-rl c. 6: Go l "eN 1)1't7A-:

    [~:_:~~IE
    r . lli bAr'"

    p 'U' k. ::. c.o~st:


    PI ~ ~ 10M" J '1j:. 200 K
    f1. = ''1 \010 Y"
    ASSUMPTlO"'S: T'- hel'tA\Ilft~ a.. ~tes~d I"ys-k....,. '2. r~ prooSS' ~ .,(t'S'ulk)f'd
    \.
    11'4' r 11'\< ': Ct'V',s ta"" t.
    ~. ~ "'all",,,,,, ~ M l/ta! 4.? A.., ,c:Lt.D<-( j 4 S'. 4: Jc::,'~ e -h'Co
    Q.~a. r0-ltt'.t\-t t",e-r~'1 c..~""~eJ e.re 1~"'Of'-ed.
    At-:).\l.""~l~: fYo.-. T,.&l-t' A ... 2.I; e.,o:, ~.,R.. U.SI~ 81. 1 . ~~J C: V t: e:p-R::- I.SR.
    TtMlJ t:: = ~/ev = '.SII.S -: 1·1.»6'7.

    'N; -r""'- '" S ~II- f\' ~ '2- ta. J'\ d .3 J


    z.,. 'Z.

    'N;:. l pclV
    \
    = ~r?d~
    I
    ...
    W ': P....lS~- f. tTl
    'in l-~

    61' w,.~ ..,:.1<:

    r:
    To f,t'\d. ·T'l.) us e 3·$"(.

    Tl =- -n ( ~ -= "1,,00 Ie (

    ~ _ R(T,.-1'\)
    (l-~)

    (a·t 9 )~
    I(.~·'''''
    ( SlS-;(OO\k l ,.
    '
    = (1.(.003 (1- 1.(,"'1)
    L-
    : - (~1.7 /(:J""'
    .. w/m
    ~

    AJ~¥h the. he&< t 1Yt.(.lIlsfc,r is


    Afk-+~+ .ov~ Q-W
    Q= m(£.<."2.- U , ) +W
    CO
    W\ =(U"l,.-u.)
    'N
    + v:Yt
    FUr ~ V\'\oned-omi.c.. Bus) c-v- is urrt6f-ttM.t. Tk..u.s
    ~ R(T~ -T,)
    ~ :. l! v ( T2.- I.) -I-
    L ~ l<

    Cv- =. R/ c ~ -I) CE:~. 3,'17 b)

    ~ ~ ( :-1) (T~ -1j ) -I- (~) ct. -1;) ~ 0 ~


    PR()&E..fw1 3.' 00

    ,<~ow~: The. COYlfe.nt.s of two ~'" "1I\sula.t~ -ttxY1.lc.s qre o.Ltowed Y}\lK I o.nd to
    e~().i( ;.bri Ltttt is atitu i,.,ed t:JcJ -Hte feMpera:lu.yrJ of +he su.r....oc.e. t\dL"":Js .
    fiND: Determ,i.1e. -t-k. ~WlcUM-i o.f. eV\e,~~~ -frc.lM.s~r Io~ ~etA:t ~ tko.
    ffiAa.1 pre.s~tA.re.
    SCHEMM., t Qr,VEN 'M-TA:
    Y\1/A'::. l \10 I ..I I
    - I "l'\1,s& 2o,h
    I TaV1~A I TC(MIc:. 6 1
    7;,. -: Jl.IlIoDR. I l I 7ja .: '1~o DR.
    (t,r I Q.\r
    I I I I
    ~~ :. so 'b.f"~'2. Lc _____ II ~ I I R. = So Ibfll""~
    I I
    '" T..2- = S:lOOR
    A-55UM PrtDNS: (I) 711e confeYlis of +~e -Iowo -/TJ...,k,s are e, closed. cS~S"feM.(2.)7/ItQre.
    ts "'0 work.. (3) The a.ir b-eiltaves tU (.lJll ideAl BtU. (If) 1<liA efic. 0Mtt. pote"'~(
    ell\erg~ e+fe~ CA.Y\ be. VJ~ lecfecJ..
    ANAI,'1f>/S: To flVlc( tke. ne~+ -ffrt1flJ'-Pe,yJ .bt2~il1 w',+~ +k ene'11~ b11aMce..
    o 0 .~o
    ¥+¢+AU .: Q.-)N
    ..5litlc.e. +~e +liAtNr ~fa;fe. l,s ettA-i.' ib ru~Wi (W\ ~tok.

    .AD::. ~'A+~' G) U. 2. - (rn,,. u. l ", +- ~.e u.s)


    Ih.u~
    Q :oem lit +~IG) u.~ - (VY\IA u, ~ + ~,. u,e)
    US ' '''9 AAfo. ff-om TGtfoie A- 22E..
    Q= (3Ib)(8B.~2.6~/'b)- ((')(~5Cf.lDlo) + (2.)(ISQ.Si)]
    :: -2''1.' Bfu--E.: ---=-
    To .fJYul the.llY1c4.f pressure) farst aete.rm '",e ftv2. v"ktme e~ ec.c.cLA -hl-1A.1c.
    V ~
    ~'A R T.~ -
    (l lb) (~~~ :flt.'li )('l.l~O°t2)
    :: 10,t-€-;' f+3
    It P,,, - (so \b.f.lill\,'L)1'4&t i~'Lll f..(.'Z.f
    ( (ISC(S)
    \/s = 2.) 2.8." (1 0 0 ) _ iI--L3
    ( SO) , \ ~"t / 1 f - J'3. 3 3 .,.,..

    Tk.u.sJ t1 t: #te. .A ill a.( 5 fa;f<l.


    _~RTz. _ (~)( ~~;,;~( 52.0)
    P-z. -( ~ t Ve) - (10.6(, + 13.33) f ''44//&f= ;2 '/.07 Jl.f/'·kl..c ---J...::
    fRC<3l,EM, '3, 101

    kNOWN ~ A g<:LS 'l~ c.on+c.t.\\I\t&d. ,"", <A.. closeJ. ('\9 i d. +().~k +itteJ. Wl~ ~~
    e.leC:tYk. ('esl~o(". Tke. COr'lS'~~t <.Uyy~~t ~~J. v~l+«.CJ<l. o..\t\J. ~e
    COV\S~"'~ lA.e.o..+ 4v'O..V\s~ ~t~ Q.~ ~V\.own,
    f \ t-Jb ~ '])ete'nY\ \'",e. ~~ o..v~~Q. v-'\lAe &-t s~eelfl.c. keo:t Cp.
    SCl+EMnc. $ Gr\VEtV DA-TA-:
    ~=2..k..s
    -;; .M. • z..g
    -r AT= ltD.3°c a.lIO,3K
    ASSVM PTIONS : (\) T~e 3~ lS e, c\oseA ~~S I I o AK4.0
    I '2. \'~fs
    s~s+eW\. (2.) "The. "ClS
    beh'\ves o..s Q.\'\ -
    ia'e.o.l8G.S.
    (3) Klne·he, o..~ck poreV\-\-i a.\ At .:: 10 Y\'\\V\ =bOO S
    ~V\e. r3~ e ~~ec+S ~V'e. V1e3 1'13 I hie.
    Q. :. - 20 W
    ANA-LVS\S ~ To &fl.1e,Y"'rtl l'nC2. tkq" ~~cl+ic. he.e:tt ~ be ~ \~ t.o'li··l... -\- Jle e ~ rgij
    ba..l<t\l\ce l I L 0 .I L 0
    6)<e. + 7E + A1.J .:: &-w
    wi~ ~U -:: M c., AT ~ Yh ( Cp - ji:) ~T
    Q.-W
    Cp= VY\AT +R
    ~M) evo.tu.o..:\e. -+\\e. he~+ +ro,V\s-kf" ~W! \.00(""'-) .,esrQ.c-hiv~.\~

    Q = JtZ.Q,dt = Q At ~(-'2.0W)(foOOS)I·\~'"J'lsl
    e, \0 W
    -:. - I 2.. \C:::r
    W ': Si"'Wc:it ~W/)t:
    i.,

    ': - (to o."'"f) ( 12. volts) Ii wi o..~1


    , 'Volt
    (bOlt) s) 1 k7S/S
    I03 W
    I
    -:. - 12.. kJ"

    (- \2. \c.:It- (-12. \c.::r)


    c. ':.
    r ('2.~) (40.3 k'>
    .:: 1.041 ~'"J'/b,K.
    '--;) '4~-----------------'l.-..
    ~NOUlN: (02. Cj4J ~ C.O-r-uJ~c:l f.,Olo1A.~ rp#w.6/'ieJ '·K.4.h'....,( &'~ ""'" r--ous.s Q.

    ~ t..v"""'th. PU',.1..c:.e>""~1'\ 1. T"'-a (.....)(,.. 11: pe,.. v~, ~Sf &-0 .... /fo Ie. ""'-O~.
    FINC: 0.....,.""""...... +e-. -+C-,~r,,~, ~ ~;. +ko.. fi",-t,. &'~ ~",o:l +""-t ~
    -tr~l'\~.rr 6
    pC(" u -...;:f- ~s, .
    sCk}eMA-nc J &l'leN DMA:
    T. ::. 530"R W/h-\ -:. - L( 5 Bfu..!J,b p vz.

    i.=~/,S:;"-~1 [~~~:~IE--
    P 17"7.:: <:..onSfCA.ht
    II
    'tJ. :: S f cJ. v
    wn

    //1/111/
    11,

    ,
    1;
    -xr
    4S1lJMertDN5: (I) Ihe 9Cc..S IS 0.. closed .s';fSre~.(2) ~e. CA~O),\ dio4:ide
    bekaves a.s a.., idea! 8"s.(3) The froce~ is pU'·;CD~.d. (4) k'nefLG
    tlY\cl ~otentia.l eneY*f/Y effects aye VJe.jIi31"""~.
    A"{Ak'f Sl 5 ~ ~he. heat fyct.11S,.+ev-I'.s def-erml·I>1€e.<LuSlH'I A'1 eJllet"'~ £'a{411\ Ce .
    FI rstJ +l-\e -An 0- 1 -JeMper4ftt(( v; ~lMd us,""" W =~pdV ~ ~ ~,...., of e~. 3.57;

    ':!l. = R (T& - T; )
    h1 1- ')I\,

    SO(Vli1~ +or 7"2-


    ,
    " Toz.. -
    - ( ' - Y\
    R
    ).:t:!..
    Y\1 +TI
    = (J - f • 1.. '> (Lt 5 B~) 71 g .f-t-. (bf
    rlSLfS ~~.l\'t\ - 1b I B~ -4- 530°«
    ~c; 'f. 0 J \ b. • R.' )

    -::t. 7 z q. 5 oR. 'l""'I,4Q------------


    Ii.
    Now J +l1e eV\e!"'9~ b"(~KCe is
    . 0 ()
    A/E+-~ErAU- =-Q-~
    or §l - - .-L W
    \'\-\ ::(u~-u..() 11 40 W\
    From Ta.b/ e A.. 2'3E ) U 1 =2~IfD.1 eht/ lb mol
    IVlser-hV\j va(CA.~s
    ~:: «T3'i'f.O-Z-,,(p.1 (_Ll)
    Yl'\
    -, ,.0
    LJU
    J
    +..,S
    :: - II. Lf 2 8fu-/ l b ~~ ----=--.;..",,:.
    t:.No..u,v: A :illS ;$ COl"\.f;",ec! -h:> o"'e s,'d~ ~ ("~"d) itl\S'l.C.la.+ed 1;
    COV\"(~.illte"" d;vicL.cL I:> ':J. A. PIV/,j,-OV\. TI- ot-&...v- r"~ v,; ; """,,'ft' A HI:'
    &1I"cv~cL ~ pvh"~'""," ~ ~ ~\Jec:l Q.~d -f-1...,. j ~s ~(> A.V\J J ~ .fi (/
    ~ eV\~Y'e c..o"",~llI\e......

    ----
    FI/oJ 0: ()~ h...- ~
    SCft'tMA'ttC 8.(;.IIICAJ
    ft- -h f'\....q pr-essv. re .
    o!t 11'\ :

    _---4!...~=-=:-:--=t""!F-:l:--=",="""""_=""",,=_,,,,_=---_"'::::-~.y- i.u ... ~ -h,' l 0 ""

    , I,

    ;~h'Atly I
    p, ~ ~. bt>.,.. ~ v'AC'V v,,-feel : /'
    "t'\ -:.S 00 \<. 1/

    Vi ~ O. ~ VtAl
    '&
    V"L =O.S W'\
    ASSUMP7{ON,,', I. T"'-.. c...Lo$~cl ~.rk"", ~ ~ku<.u"" b~
    A.4skocl II'~~ o",i-v....... ~~~
    ~c""'"",,~h'c.. 2., T~ jAJ ~~s ~ "cU.~ j4$, 3, fDr+A.A FCQS:~
    A"'t
    (St::.'W:.o) 40'\<cl ~ilt~.ft·c CA",f/ f<>~01-h~ <I'\U"'J'7 c.k..".lI'Ijf!"J o.r« n~jl.~;6Ie,
    A~A\-'(SlS: ApplO'~ ~ ;~ jA.S e., 0", l1'W\ c'f s~

    r. \Ii ': y"\. ~ T, <, PI.' 4 ':. Tz.. ~ P'l. ~ p, [T"too] [~J
    'P1. 't ~ 1M ~ 'T~ / 'PL ~ ' L T\ v:...
    Tt- ~..,.-t +e""'1'~"tA.~ ~ ~vl'~ecl, I4rto'(fV\j alA e.IMu"'7 loA.lt.l,'1<...tt.

    ~ ~rE +A U=;zi -;xl -='/ ~Lr::. 0

    'S 111\ Cot. ......-\.av ov.-l 57


    Q lAQ..... of a.", j ~ '4.$ c:l-e fH"" d s O"V\ it ~~ .....fe.t v ~
    ~1I\e.} T'l.. -:: 1;, ~5

    1'.." (~bo.r)[1][g:~ ::1"- ~ bo.... """ll!~~. -------


    KNOw"! ~ Air .flow.s +~Y'ouqh o, 'J~\ve -tYom (A '(i~\a +a.Y\k iv\"w c;
    vef'+\'c,d (-'\stoY\ - ~l\\t\tAe(" {A$se.MIo\~,
    ~I Nll ~ ])e+e.!("Y'Y\\~e tk -\-o-ta.\ amo\A.Y\t o~ .eV\e"9'j 1Yn.Y\ster 'o~ co or-K,
    0.1'\ d h c?A -t .
    St\:t-EMA-T\C A u\VtN DATa',

    -- -- +a.~k
    m,-!;:=. 3 K9
    Pit:: see ~PtA. 'PC.. :to 200 kP~
    T :=. 2,<10K T<'. =. zq 0 k
    t AIR
    ViC. ~ o.osm 3
    AIR.

    ASSUMPTioNS :(1) The. a.ir i", +~ +,,~k Al'\~ "'d It'Ji\k,.- is o: cLosed ~CJs+em,
    (2..) The Q.lr beV\a.ve.s C\S G\Y\ (de.al ~(A.S, \.3) ,.It\~ p('eSSu.fe. \\1\ The ''1li\h&er
    c.o"sta.v\.t. (L\-) \<\V\e-\-iG Q,Y'G.l, fore.V\t\G\l e'r\erg':1 eHec.ts Gl('~
    Y'e.'MCt.\V\S
    "Y\e~n~\\o\e-.lS) 1'~e. +e-~pe.\"'().tuV'e of. t~ ~\.r \S C.O)\S~~t,
    ANA-L'ISlf." TOok., ~'l +he C\.'"... \V\ oot-'-' tl.te.. to..n \c. t\. M +~e. c..~ li\i,(}.e.r
    os tk~ ~'jste,VV\.) t\4\e eY\ev-g\j Ioc.c.lcuo\ce ioS
    ¢
    0 0 0
    -ryE.. +-p
    ~ Q-W
    ~ wheV'"e +he c..""~h~e \\1\ \Y\te,<,V\C,l\ eV\er9~ is 2.e'('o bectUlse. +lAe -t-eY\\p"
    ev-cd'u,fe is c.oY\sta.~-e.. -rku.s (S): vv
    Q:W ~

    Us 1V\.9 w = J'it d V ) w i +~ GoY\St(A.~t Pvaess l.'-V-e f c:

    Q =. Pc;. (V V, ) 7. -

    (j) Now ~ wi -l-k +he. ideo..\ .3CtS Mode \


    Pc. V, Co :: (J-oo k'P,,) CD.OS m 1 ~
    m"C. =
    « Ie. (Q.31l.§
    ;lB.«:t1
    J=:L \(2.'joK)
    -s ·K)
    I 8~\'t :\
    V1 -- V ,<'. + V -l::. ::. Vi c + ~'-t:. RTt: -- 0 ,v"'5 t-
    (3)~:l.8,«:t,·J
    (
    (Z.cto> _ 0 S4a 3
    -. -, ~
    f\-t: ,500)
    - ('M-\ot)~T"Z. _ (3+0,\2.) (~8~;j)(2.'lO) 3
    V'2. - -r - '2. .
    1."2.crB
    (2.00)
    = ~

    F\'V\a.\\.~ Q. :: (:U)O \c.P,,) (\. 'Z.~ 8 - 0 .SLtc\) -rl 11C3


    1'J 1M 11.3
    'c.~ ·1 : ll+'l.B \c.T Q.
    1 k.P~ \0 N·fW\ lIt......_

    I. The A.p'p\ \c..C\b'( \ it\j 0+ +\,e )d.,QO:\ 36.S mode.\ c.Q.Y\ be.. veritie<:t
    bj l"ete.v-r\V\<j TO t\t\e. c:.ofY\~('e$s\\,)\h+5 c~rt,
    PRO(3USM 3.I05~
    kNow",,: Ni+rC'qeIl11~s "'-k(}.-e.r'l>1l.S D- poICj+r-opic. expaJ,1.'l~ JVt 0... pl"jton- cftl,l.-tder
    tl.S;sri!mb't1.
    ~: ]ekymlYle #.e t1ea.f -fnr.vasf!er us 1!II<j CttJ unsfa,nt 6('€ciftc heat
    e'la.lutdeG( od: 3t:>01<.~ <b) ClJlf-s1twrk ~'fic. hed eva.l.uaJed evf 700 K ) QM.C;(
    (e ) n i+r~eV\ tahles.
    p
    SCMEMftTIL. ,. (;;-lV£N D+7A ~
    )VI :: \ kg
    7;=700 I<.
    F; = S ba.r,
    P2. =2. Cay
    , 1J"
    AS5VMf'TIDN5 : (11 The nifr0gen is a.. clesed S'dslem. (2) The nifrc3eV\ bek4v~s
    tLS do.., ;c(ea.1 3tU. (3) 1he ~g is poICd""'cpic. J with h ='.3. t» J /<inefic. M\d. pofet1tlixl
    eVle('~<j e~ee"t.s ce.r-e. l1e~ l;cirb1e..
    A/'J1JrL,YSlS: FIrst J the work. is evtAJ~ 10r' -Hte. pol<J~ic. proce$.S. W ifh
    dssumpteD~ (.2» Elfs. 3.5" C1h\c.( 3.51 ¥P~
    1: -
    '2. -
    (Pit
    P,
    )\~'l (2) C' ~.3)(7001<;) ::
    I,:: 5 S~ ~.IJ 1<

    0Mc1 kT )
    W:: h\ R (T~-T,) :: QI<~) (Q.31'i
    2-8.0" ~ (5"lo.6>-100)'< _
    \-V\ (,-\.3) - 132/c.'J
    To de+e.r"ml~e. +ke kea.:f- ..J.raMs.f!e r J use. (MIl eYle~~ bttlaMce
    ¥o+~+ AU :::.Q-W

    "'h1 {L( '1. -(..(.. \ ::. Q. - \IV

    Q :. Yh lu.""L-l.lc ) T W
    (A) From Ta.hIeA-).o art 30ol<~ (!tJ" a.C,-Z4l3 kJ"/I<~·I<. Thus
    Q :: .-n'v- (T&-T, ) +W
    = (J k.,)(D.1C(3 Jc.j'IIC<IJ·l<')( 5h6.("-"700)1( .,.. ( 132.lc.r)
    '=- 52.88 teo;)...... ~::.;...,:

    (b) F('~~ T~IoI4! A-zo £t 7coo k I tv- :: f) ./~ OJ "~I k,' f<. Tk\.tS
    (Q. = (I) ( e, to I ) (SiP" I ~ - 700) + (132) :. 2.5.1S' ,1c.J:'<IIIilI.r-'__--~=--.

    (C) U.s'~9 va./(,(es 40.;- u.. ~", Tala/€. A-23


    Q~ "M ti12~11.\) of- ~
    _( L ( tI ,8 s 0 - 14 ,1 8 et ) k :r/ " MO\
    - l~,) -+ l'3:Lk.r
    (2B.ol kj/k.mcl)
    '; ~1. '" 5 Ic:.:rollfi<-----------------~~
    tn
    PRO(3u=t"1 3.ID"

    KNOWN: Air u.VltJ.er8oe~ (1'-' ()(.dialoa:/-ic.. U>Yt1Pr'~ss ,01-\ -tol/ow~ b!J Ct>rn'l-oMt
    ~rhe Ct)()l, i15'
    FIND: De.feV"MIV\(l f(,..e. work fo~f"'e. t-trst prl>C~S M\c! -Ike hea.f +rQ.Yls.p~".-/br
    tke. 5eCo1\& ene J u.s 'i1~ (a) a..ir table d.a.'fa. prJ) CD'rtJffAMt ~ctfic. need's.
    SCW&4ATI( t €rlVEkJ DA-rA:
    p
    \
    fr"ocess '-;2.: ~d.iG\foGl+lc.
    - -I F; =, bW) Tj =3001<
    I Pz. = I S ,,~V" I v;. :: .122 7 ~l/J..,
    Air I l-
    process Z-3: Curts~1IOlunce.
    13 =8001<
    "'lJ
    A.sSUf\\PTION.s~ (I) Th~ tlir ;'s a de:>sed ~skm .(2) There ($ no hea.+ ~s.fer ~ ft\e.
    ~vst pr~$s DJ\'\J. V\o work. -k>(' +t,..~ sec.oY\4. ~e • (3) TL,e. tA.~r ~el14ves as Q.IA
    idea.l aas. ('iJ I<lhef(c. OMA p>f-elo1.fta..( e.\I\~~ e#ec.ts are. ne~(i9ij, Ie.
    ANAtV51~: FIrst, Llsli-t.j the 'uJe.a,( 3~S' ~l /).~+i~ ef sta:k~. 10 de.ferm;~e '2-
    T..
    ~
    = pz.V"'Z,
    R
    ={l5 DAr )(.12'2'1 Y\'I)/Ic.:»
    ( 8.'1'1 k'S)
    I lOS
    I
    N'Yhil ' L:J"
    !,a,r" N'~
    )0
    3
    I
    2.8·'7 ''3 .\<.
    e, roq.1. 3 k
    '-.- (0.) US'~B +k~ erte,,~ bl.{a,/;\le -!or"etJ.CfA froce~s
    Proce~s A)'l ~ t
    0
    1- 2.: 'Y\'\ (v.). -u ,) :. pC..,. - WI '3.

    WI '2.
    ~ :. u -<.-(,'2.

    Frol'Yl T410le A-22) 1..l c :. 2.IY,07k~/'" Mtcl" IVakY'pG)/ttf,~ I 'U'2. ~ ""b. 5 ~J{~. lk.u.s

    ~z.. :. 2ll(.Oi-4l?tl.S -:. - ~5~,lf teJ{~~ Wi"'~


    Pf'oces'S z- '3: ~o+ y~ -to Mllot ~ -f.( l.) :. Q ~") - ~;
    Q z.3 _..,. "
    ~ - J"o~ - ""~

    StV\c.e T3 = 1"; 1 U):. Lt, ~J.. . Q·ZJ/Y'r\ =W''l.JYY\ :. - 252."1 k:rl~.. Q1,3/tw.

    (b) Assl,c.m;~ 0.. e..crY\s~i ~ ~ "r

    W l '2. c
    ~ :. f\T' T,-T-z.)

    From T alate A- 2.0 ) tA..t 300K.I 4r:: 0.118 ~J" {Ie,; ·I( . rlu.s
    W~2. =(O.1lB ~-s/ ~·~)(3eO-b4'. 3) k
    -: -~'15 k'J'Il~4-E---------
    ~ ~ :. ~7. ::.-).\{S k.4/f,..-~< . ~~
    "" V\-\ "":)
    'PRoELeM 3. IOt
    tr:~owN .~ A s:ys~wt CD'" r,'s},''''3 cr{ 2 k" of co, vV\uel"',o"C'J 0.. p0<uer ~yde
    cOMu'h'.." 0-/ .f~~ec. P("ous~s.
    ~: Sk"ec~ +~ c."(cle """Cl... r- v cl..<..Cl\.~~a.£M..) o.",,~ p[o+f k i-~v~
    .4f,f-t'c.\('V\ty vel"(t.4.,t P~/Pt ra."'5'~' fv~ I·OS To 4-:
    SC~"t MA'TIC. g G 111~ 1>t'lil'f-:

    p
    I

    I Co,. ;
    L~~ ::l

    r.: 'bAt"
    lj': iooK

    'V-
    ASS"MP7tONS: i. ~ COL'" A cR.~~d sys+elNt. 2. T'- Cc>, b~ ka I/'4<l o.q
    ~ l'du-t ~~~' 3, PA,Ousr 2-3 l.Q c:U~e-t'1 ~ ci '»
    ru-"Z~ c.D""S~",t· 'f. K'I'\eh'c.
    CA~c:l po~""h~ e",el""y ~ff<.c.fJ A"~ f\t'111~1 ble.
    Al'.)AL.'(S\ ~: gE"~'/'1 I?~ de v~l(jplr'\' ~ t<.e:J e'l~SSfo""s ci"rc,o."bj"'j ~ eycJ., Tile tAe.r"",...t
    e-f-h'~of."'Ci ...0 ,,'lIeJ'\ ~'q '\,.= ~et/(S;)i",,\ wkete WV\e+= 'N1L~\N'l.1+ "'-''11.
    $Il\.. c.... "olulM~"'; c..oV\stal"\-\ Wll.. 0::. 0 , til'" prDe.pSS '2.-:3 ~ ...d l>~oe-~ IS '1- I

    \'\1\ ( P3 1J3 - t>, \tl.) ::: "'" ~ l T'l- T1..)


    1- II') 1- '"

    A9p1't'.-., .,.,'" e "e "''1 b A.l ,,"'Cot.:


    0

    PAOUSC 1- L : ~(l(1.-I.(,) -=. (D'L- fL ~ (S) 1'2.. :: "'" (tAl. -u I) ('~)

    (q 1.1 _ lu1.l ~ CQ~l :. "",l ~3-t.cL) ~ W'2..3 <.+)


    f"'Oun ~-ll "" l 4.') -l.(·d ~
    ~ (1.\1- ~1 ) ~ (Q"31 - u",!1 =:) Coli -:. "" (tAl - 4l ) of. W l 1 tS')
    ~"'''ss. 1-1 t

    ~tI\c1. w,''''",- 'E'l,'l.S<O ~ {)~c..H S' 2-3 (P3: P, )


    B. t""-l)/"'t
    ]). ~ (fL'\
    (t\-tJ/1II

    Tz. \.:.'Pi.)
    ~ Tl ~ T1.. ( pJ
    SAMPLe:- CALCc.(L.Ai/O,,",: P,,/P,:: 4 ( )
    -rf 'Pa/P, ': 4.) E1' (~) l'i~ Il. ':. 4 (~oo) -: [,DU £< } o.t'\d e,. 'f ~~
    .'15/1,2.8
    T'l ':. Q'1OO~)( *) = ~iE> I<-
    E,,\>'l) f"-" ~ ~ I
    \Nz,"3 ':.
    (Z. \4~) (8. ~t 'I "'J) (~8~ -1200) "-
    "'\'1.0\ I':\'fo( : +23,1 t=:-.J
    l-l,z.8
    PROI3LE;l'1 .3.10' (CoVltd.)

    E~ . ( 2.) q Liles.
    W =(2~)(B.314 Ic:.~ \(300-89h) k;: -l,2/.41c:r
    'it '-t ~.l) I kj .1<. J
    w~ ~o.. frcM'\ Tctble. "'-2.3; £~.(3) <f\ves
    2. k.g -
    a,~ ~ ( )(~3g7(-(Ptl3q) ~, = l("78.31<j
    ~,'1-.01 lc.:r/~~61 J kMlf

    Et· c4) 'J,ve.s


    a.. ~., = L~4.01
    /2:- )(2.q)Z.'l8-lf3J~71)+423.1 :. - 2.38.b /c.J"

    Ef'(S) ~Ives
    If)
    l.X31
    ':: (-3.-
    '-1'1.01
    )( 6<73Cf-Z'J'Z..'iB) - 22/.4 = -1~3i.S Ic.S

    =
    T1 300 11K
    IT Results C!":::4)
    =
    p1 1 II bar
    =
    m 2 /I kg o, =1678 kJ
    =
    M 44.01 /I kg/kmol =
    T2 1200 K
    =
    R 8.3141 M =
    T3 886.1 K
    W23 = m*R*(T3 - T2) 1(1-1.28)
    =
    W23 423.6 kJ
    W31 = m*R*(T1 - T3)
    =
    W31 -221.4 kJ
    1] = 0.1205
    m*(u2 - u1) = 012
    =
    Wcycle W23 + W31
    eta = Wcycle I 012
    =
    p2 I p1 T2 I T1 0.14 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    =
    p2 r * p1
    0.12
    r =4
    p3 = p1 >.
    o 0.1
    c:
    T31 T2 = (p31 p2)"((1.28-1) 11.28) Q)
    '0
    =
    u1 u_T("C02", T1) in
    0.08

    u2 = u_T("C02", T2) Iii 0.06


    u3 = u_T("C02", T3) EQ)
    .J::
    I- 0.04

    , " Using the Explore button, sweep r from 0.02


    1.05 to 4 in steps of 0.01. '*/
    1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
    p2/p1
    przD(3~GM 3./oB

    KNOWN: A,"" t.,utdergoes- 0.. power"' l.«jcle c.el'l'i.s+'~j of +fAree. proc.e~,es.


    FIND: S"e~k. flhe ~ete &v\~ p.,,-tJ..iAtfrtllM C\"'-tA J.~+eYM\i.\e (~) fl.\e. r.~~su. ...e
    a-t s'ttlfe 2} (b) thct te.~per~+tA.re ~t &~ 3> (J..M.d. (c.) the tke.n"cd eH-icj'E:~c~.

    SCM-EMMIe. t <pI VEtJ DA-Tft ~ The followil'\5 ~ &lYe. ~\·v~V\ .-fo.r elA.c.iA ,-rocecs ~
    Proc.e~s 1-'2. ~ tot\S~+ vO\t..\.\Me +rorvt p,-:: 2.0 'b~'l "'\
    T,::. 500°«. +0 T-z.::' 620°1< I fb
    'P('o~~s 2-~·. acM4 ~od·ic. e1< f'AY\'l fIV\ ok> \i = ,. ~ 'lT2"
    3
    'frocess '3-1 ~ [C1Y\s..J.c:tU.t-f~~~u.Ye c..o~'('esslD~, \ I

    ~MPTIO'JS: (I) The. C\~r is ~e closeJ .s~de.l'1A.('2.) Tk~ o.W-- '- - - --'
    .. "
    b~l\tt"e~ e.s ~\A lc.leGv\ 'JAS .(.3) K\~e+lC.(l~f ote\A:FIQ.( e~e.\Ii'j effec:fs' Cl~ ne..,lecAeJ..
    ANA=L'lSlS ~ (a.) Fa,.. prDce.ss 1-2 > +k4l."D(l,l~e. I'S
    Co'YtStcu,d:- i W s ) U.S\lAj -H,,,e i'e\eAl 9as e1~f~ ot ~ ~
    P,V :\)th ~ T, \ ~ _P, _ T.
    p-z. V ='{V\ ~ T"to
    r P,- - ~
    ~ r:z = 7i
    Th.'p,I
    e, 9z.0 (20 l.!t)
    .500 1",~
    =328 ~
    . r"".~

    (h) A~Ol.tll\ ,l,l,S\ ~~ +Wl. \4~ Q.1\A.~+Lqy.. e+- s-h;,..+e.'--- ~ ~


    P3 .::p.
    '5=Il.f::'MRT~/f~_
    ~ . «- I - T
    - 3 f
    . .1: .:)
    --fl)~
    J) -J.Lf _. T2,. -t== B
    (J,1I) - ·Tz..
    't.. ' M ) e, Y2. T"Z. 1'3 r; P2,.

    T~ T 3 :: (1.'1) C:2~e,)CR20) =100 I( ......- - - - - - - - - - ' 3


    D

    (t'.) 7he. +!.-t.e,("Mal ~tf.ic.ieIl1CAj is 't .= WUJde./ QilA. AV\O.l~2.e. e&c.e~ p'i'oce:u \1-\ ~rV\.
    Pt"oc~ss 1-2: (.(n\S+. vOl\A.VI'\e ~ w.; ':0 .
    . e~~~ BcMaMc.e: A)¢' t.A~-tA'U =-&\'2.-~'2. ~ 6l\"Z. :: 'M (U 1. -u .)
    \,.h+"'- ct4.t-&\ frOM \Abl-e A- 2.2.
    Q\'2.': (I \.6)( Il{O.'il- 65.20)e.JuJlb = 55.2.1 Btu..
    pro,~S's 2-}: A-cll4:lbwf-L"c- ~ \o/t(u.~ ... U.'Z.) -=- ~'2.~-W'Z.3
    W'l.; ::. - W\ tlA } -U-z.) ::. - (I \b) ( 11'1.'58 - I 'to. '(i) ~tu/\b = 20,BQ BkA

    PrOC($S 3-(: r =~.J.aM.+. Us,~ ~. 2.1" V;:= SV,fJ..V:' ~ r (",.. -«>3)::.)\It ~ (T;-T3)

    W31,= {, J lb )('~'fS\ #'I"~ 118M I "3


    2.S.'t,-J lb.4tR "S.f+.lb,f (500-100)°(2. ~ -/'3.11 ~\.<A
    EV\e~ 'j baAc:cM.ce : V\'l (t.tj\A!S ) ::. Q).- W" ~ Q3\:' Y\-tLlA, -U:s) ... W3 t
    Q~\:. U 1),)( 85.20- 11°1.58) 8~/lb +(-/3,71 BkA\ ::. -'i8.oCJ 6kA.
    1kus W~c.l-e =~:+w'Z.~ + W 3 , ~ 2.0,81 + (-/3.-71)::' 7./8 t5.ue.
    Q,~ ':10. Q \ '2- ::. 55.'2 i f>4-u.
    Ft "'Gllt'j VL ~ W"d d)/Q i... '" t. /8/5 5.7-, :: D. 12'1'1 (12.'1'1 % \ .
    ... - l-\.
    (a.) Fo'f Q.V\ ct~~a.loa.f-\c. proc.css ",i~'" t\e31\~'iIo\e
    e t-kcfs of k.i"Io\eHc. a."",et rote~:H4( ~V\erg~
    "Eo +y~ + AU ~ p.~W
    S\~ce. t~e. S(>e.c..I~C. ~ecds a.re c.~~hw..t
    W : ')v\ C-\.r ( T\- T'2, )
    ()")\AsiY\~ E.~ 3.\tib 1
    C\,T '::. R/(k-\), So

    W -::. """ B (TJ, - II)


    \ -k .....
    ~r-----------------~

    \'0) Fo'f" ~ po\~ +r0r\c. PyoceSS


    W ~ fVIV 'I.
    pdV:. I V
    7-
    Cortsr cJ. V ::.
    v, v-
    IV\ttocl\,LC\"3 ?'I ::. 'M Rl ~\A.J. l e.th V\j Y\ be +~ :SptlC.'lt-tC. ~~t v-a.+i:o k
    W -: 'VV\ R (,2. - T I )
    \- k
    1h't~ y-(~lll-t is ldeV\t\c.~\ 10 tlAe v-esutt of ~o.rt(o.). Tbs J -fov- o..v..
    ideo-t ~o.~ W\tlA. c.o~+o.u.* speclfic. l-tecds) tu.e fO\~""Of\c. VY'oce~s
    py k::. (Jt:)"~t~\l:t c.o\'Ye'ro~d-S -to a.'A ~l~loa.t\.c. pv-oc.ess, ..a ( ~)
    P~08£'6M 3.110

    I~NDWIJ: A lr- «~tJ.eV'~Des ~ pol'1}ropi" pr()ce~s frDWt '4. krto()))1 .;,..'it,"a.( sfetle -10 (4

    Btve« -1-1 iAltl 1ressure .


    ~: Plo+ fl.te. ~ V\ ~ l.iD . ..I'H.veJ/,,,<k +H€
    heaT- -fyu",stey- (AM.e1 wIJrlr-fo,. 1.0
    error IIIl l1eCtf 1m W ilAfrodtc.ceel b!:J ~S'(A.Vl1Ii.\j e..t:rfl.Sfa..td tcr e-va.1 u~feel
    IllS
    a-t~,
    .
    .5Cr.feM4:rIC * (iO/eN J>A:T_,':
    l'

    , Air
    I I ~ = IIf.7 lh+l, i,4.~

    I
    I
    I

    ,
    I =z ~
    T.:. 7()t>F
    I Ir'2.
    f.,.. ::: 100 't:rrh "1.
    - - -_I
    P 1)" h:: C41t.SI-a.H.t-
    .. \. • L-.... • 'U""
    AsSUMpt'ONS :(') Tne o.,-r is a. closed stsklM. (2) 7he.1!"O~ I.S f'0'"QTTC~f.\c.. •
    (3) The C\'i,r .be~ve, its (4'" lcl~&J ~M .(tt) N~fjJeef k.,lI\eHG a.tut ~+lA.{ el.1ev1~ efk.c;k.
    3~ 11;\ b~ +l.XI·a-tj .sfrJk 2. 'FrDt'VI fLee f()l.t1ff~ric. a''f'oc.e.ss rela.·h<n-t
    -tr 11 _ 1>1 ~ _ (p. / ,1~
    p,. - 'P'Z,trz. -:> '1.rz. - I P'2.) "",

    Tku s W'I{~ '1rl ':: ~T,/ F; ) Q. ~et. T 2.:: poz. 1J2.,. / fi!-) Sted·e. 2. is d.e.+eYV\'\Il.te~
    J for d~
    '\fAAUe o-.f- Y\. Twese ~)(pr~s,\.o~ 4re e v(;tlw~.:\e.et ~;~ IT illS follows ~
    p1 = 14.7 /llbf/in. 2
    T1 = 70 /I of
    =
    p2 100 Illbf/in. 2
    m =1 /lIb
    n =1.6
    IT Results (Vl =-1. "')
    p1 * v1 An =p2 * v2 An T2 =627.4 of
    v1 =v_TP("Air",T1,p1) v1 =13.34 fP/lb
    =
    v2 v_TP("Air",T2,p2) v2 =4.026 ft3/1b

    The wOY'k. l~ 8\1 A. lult f(J us,·~ S~. .r; .t:l~ ~. 3. SLf
    2
    W :: JV2,pet V = WI
    i tr~pchr = l'\1 ( pz 'tJ'-z.-"P, Vi )
    ~ ~ J (J-~)

    Or, Q s ~xr'('esseJ. usi Ni IT


    W/m =( (p2 * v2 - p1 * v1) 1 (1 - n)) * (144/778) /I Btullb

    Tot-fiA& QJu-se +~ee,l1eYl5~ ~(.A.la~ce: ~ye.+A~+AU=::.Q-W. Or


    Wi A l.L :: Q...-W
    Me:+\AuJ \
    To ev&<luede. .llu.) use kfc.,..fro""", Tabf.e A-2.2.
    Au.,,:: U.CTz.) - u..CT, )
    From IT:
    m * delta_u_1 = 0_1 - W
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    delta_u_1 = u2 - u1

    3-'11
    Me#tod Z.
    AVl a.,k,rYl~:I-,ve.. rne.tkod fo ~VtJv.fA.+e. A u.. is -10 use. ~ ~auJ ColT \!4we
    fron, 7().b1e 4 - 2.0 olet.erMii-t~ C&+ 7j =7o°F. 7h"-T is
    ~u. = 4",. CT-z. -7, )

    Frot11 IT:
    m * delta_u_2 = Q_2 - W
    cv = cv_T(IAir", T1)
    delta_u_2 = cv * (T2 - T1)
    NowJ solviJA:J ,,·lIes
    W = -63.68 Btu

    u1 =90.38 Btullb
    u2 = 188.3 Btu/lb
    =
    delta_u_1 97.88 Btu
    Q_1 =34.19 Btu

    cv =0.1711 Btu/lb·oR
    delta_u_2 =95.38 Btu
    Q_2 = 31.7 Btu
    (j) USI'~ -I-tte E~plore bu:ttf)lwt.) sweep .-a -from I.DO ( +0 l.lI ,;.. 6+e.fs of 0.0/. 7ht!..
    ~ da.fci oh~l.1iJ. /pve tfAe fOllOfPIH9 ,rC(fhs:
    40 --r-------------~
    30
    20 ~

    :::J
    ...-
    ~ 10
    0 ....
    ~
    -20
    If)
    c -10
    .a ~
    ~ ...-
    >.
    a -40 f2l -30
    Ql -Q
    - Table Pr22 data c -4-W
    -60 -.-.. Constant specific heat data UJ -50

    -80 -70
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
    n n
    'forom ~~ ~rl£ph o-f G ~ W VS. """ We.. ~ SeL seve.rAl eU-ed"s:
    • ~ ~ W he(.C'}'V\(2 e~&.\A1 ~s l'\ ~ I J sl~ce.fo.r Ii\::. I +"e telMper4lmr'e- i.-S
    ~S-JalAf, ()M..J. lA-eVlce /) (,,(. :: 0 .
    • CR d1~~, s,,""
    ~l')IVt-' frOfV\ ~e~C(.4-vVe (J"ea.f O~+) +0 pDs,f(ve (hflA,t ;/1{ )
    tM-4l:>o1M-~:: I.~. W it" ne.~Q..J.~ve (w~V'lc."i",)ffl-fA,l(UlSes.
    • WAMc.r€eucs C9J'\~ slitlkt1fj J w"e.re4S Q cl-tfA."'1e~ Sl11iti.fiC#.u~.
    Fvc)Ylf) -I1A.e ~r{l.l'h bf' Q vs. lit Wtl see. ~t -rk(l..
    so/u.holllS heco*e id~ a-d-jc.~{ AI.) "" . . ,
    ccemskJ-u.t +~~afuy·~) 4~~ eil'ver:1e .sli,ktl~ os J'\ ~/.". Fbr-- n =/.(,,) ~(2.
    fllV'celAto..je de.vu:'+(,O"l\ 1/1\ Q t.S 4,/:'otA:f 1.3 % ,
    I. B~ usi~ n ::., ,OO!; we. fJo,voiJ. ;.-Lte e..a$e of ~:: { for whic4 ft. 3.5'1 CA~vtdf
    be lMQ.d.· /kJVJfH'(!'Y"J 1'Me s I; qk+ dev iCl.fL",m -Fro"", l'\::" CCt-IAIflDf h.e. .s.ee£1 ~
    -rk p'ois.
    (l. . -
    3-q f{
    PRD8~e~ 3.1/1

    I(NDWk): S-Ieam uwJ..eV"goes ~ pol'1/ropiG proc.~~s 4'n>m a,k.III.OW)1 inifi4{ sfrtfe toe..
    -Ptv.Q.1 q'f'essure,
    ZJ I\-I.e", , .,
    FIND: pJo+ fl.1e 11(la,+~s.f.et'" pe;Y' uni+ V\I1IA.~s of .s+u.c..W\ for I.O~ V\ ~ I."'.
    IVLves+19ode ~ eV'V"'ov-- ,iA hQ.Q.++ro.hS~ il1.tr,,4LlC.~ "'::I tk.SHc,rt1il1fJ +k.Q..
    i ().e.o,{ 3a.s Model. .
    Sc.U6M4-Tlc i (j-/V~N p+p\=: --+--~--.-- '2.DO 1,t:lV'"
    p, : 51\o1Pa. :. 50 ba..V- P"If!:: G()tl.8/:
    : : T; -:. 280°C pJ'''=~sf:
    I STeAM I =:l r'L =20 IYJP&t ==ZOO~'"
    :_ _ _J pV')II: CcJl1S-/a.".,t

    ASSUMpnotvS: (n The s+eaM is a. c.leJseJ. S~$+eWl.


    6.) 7l-1e proce~s is .. pol'd+r"p"G. (3)KIHetiG ~ ?oI-e...-hA.t
    elAergi;1 efteck a.re. h~ leCfe&.,
    ANA-I..YS/S: Tne .totlow,·V\j t"e,/c(:fttTns are 1J..;5ed -10 dekno)\i&.1e f~e Lteec.+
    -hrJMsfev" Q/ Yn :
    'F- rocess Y-~/4.+~: p, "u; \It :. f~ 'tT2,.""
    W = (p,&1J'z.-p, 1Ij)
    W"rk..express\CM.. ( ~s,l,'7 tU.u! 3.54): ~ '-11\
    l,l1ert'oj btl.-l&4M.ce.: 11J7€ +tA7E+.A U =0. - W
    ~ (<<'2,-(..(1) ~ 5i
    \IY\
    - \t!
    \IV'

    (,Jh~ u.,i ~ S+e.A.M .J-a~k. k-l-o.. ( IT -AAVL~~S ()r Ta~J.e -4 -4):


    • 1',: 50 bar) 1; ::. 2. Bo °c ~ 11; .) U. 1
    • wift,.. r~:: 200 bet.-r o.M.-d (Z), 1F2- ((Mo1. b« deJeKrvtl~uJ..
    . r" J '1T'Z,. ~ U~) Tz.

    Whe", U.S i~ +he. idetJ ~M V\lt,o-c.(e( (I T "l.f-z, 0" .ftAKC,~ or: T,,"I01~ A -23):
    . r. ='5"0 ~t.tA") T. =-ZBooC ~ '1J;:' Rp~

    • 7; =- z.eO DC =:lb U C1; )


    • W if{,.. 7z. =- 2..00 bcPr Q/l'\.tJ- (z.),) v;, CAM he J.-ek.v rn I i-J eel..
    • P. 'Z.}
    'l1:
    "Z..
    ==='> ...,.. -
    '2.- ~ "ZTz.
    R
    • Tz,. ~ UCTz.)
    w.i.flA e.1:.rlA-er Df- +"'e~e. sdte~e.s J it is -fkell\ 'OSS'( bl-e --k> use (2) tJM.eI. (3)
    -10 $C' ve -for W/ WI Mite.< Q / M. ,
    Tltae C()ff'eSrO~'VtJ t T e.-cnl.e is 9,vell1 cHt\ -Jlke Jot.-e>cf f'~.

    3 -'1'1
    PR.06lA;~ 3./11 (Ctrrt+d..)

    p1 = 50 II bar
    T1 = 280 /I °C
    p2 = 200 ttcer
    m=1/1kg
    n = 1.6
    p1 * v1 An = p2 * v2 An
    WI m = ((p2 * v2 - p1 * v1) I (1 - n)) * 100
    m * (u2 - u1) = Q - W

    /I Using steam table data: /I Using the ideal gas model: "
    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) v1 = v_TP("H20",T1 ,p1)
    u1 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) u1 = u_T("H20", T1)
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2) v2 = v_TP("H20",T2,p2)
    u2 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2) u2 = u_T("H20", T2)

    IT Results for n = 1.6

    quantity steam table Ideal gas


    data model
    Q/m (kJ/kg) 251.9 320.8
    T 2 °C) 583.7 e52.1
    W/ml kJ/kQ) -240.8 -291
    U1 (kJ/kg) 2645 -1.319E4
    U2 (kJ/kg) 3138 -1.257E4
    V1 (m 3/kq) 0.04224 0.05104
    V2 (m 3/kq) 0.01766 0.02135

    340
    :lhs c.u..s~ I 0V\ :
    240
    • ~J"" va.r\e~ S\5W\~\C."'lA.tt1 wi~'" t\.

    140 • ~/ '1\1\ c ""-ell. ~f S si"\f\ I ~ 0) WIj' ..froM


    ~Q.~""i~e (ke4l.TetA.f) -10 fOSi'h~
    ~
    .... 40 ('-'ea.+ i",) .
    ~
    ~ • 1"~e. 5+~V\A +alole (j\J ,&elAJ ~(A.S
    E
    0
    -60 SDJU.+Unu exlA~b;+ tl,...e
    S"A.~e..
    -160
    0erlet'~\ tre\Al1s. UOWe.v.....,) ~e.
    - steam table data
    ",etlue.s .fer
    GIV\f\ d.i.(:fe,r s ~ 1\',.f-
    -260 - ideal gas model I CCL"'-tl!j l'~ 'SOMe ~e..~ <>f V\ •
    -360
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
    n

    1.l3~ Us,'h' V\ =-1,001) WL (AVOid +lI\e c~e 0-+ .., :::'I-for whicM (2) above. (.AV\(\of
    be.lL$eJ. !-/oweve,r, -t'ke sli,lvt- d-ev,'afio)\ froM V\=-l u.\.lAlI\O+ be see\A Ott ttAe.plof:

    3-100
    CHAPTER FOUR
    CONTROL VOLUME
    ANALYSIS USING
    ENERGY
    ~8L.EM 4,1
    ~NOI.UN: T/I-Q ",,4SS' .f<D1V rA+t'sin~ Ql'\d ~ of ~ ~V\fy()1 volur-« dfe 1=1'\.Ot..e.w\,1
    GtM:1 -t"'- I'"",'h~ ~s.r I'S j ;vel1.
    F/t-.J'D:(4\Plo; -f..... ;I\let Q.1'\,6 (!"'(it ""'-H ~w r"A.-f<,s; +""- (",.-#< '1 C'-"j~ ~JJ')
    of
    ~~ A~v"'1- 1~.tJ L....: -{'1- e.c>",,¢l.o I \1& IvlN-f J e.A.C'" I/fltl'ftAf filoHe.())cS'flM~t-e.
    ~ ..f\1M~ J"": hJ Wh~... tlu +"/1\ t:. i.o VlU,,-t1 ~ -r+a .
    SCf.t~MI'\IIc.. ~ '-'1/6/0..) 1)1\ Tit:

    . I
    ----
    ..-
    - , e.
    .....

    , . .-=
    A..
    I II
    t) I
    I _ _lI\"lcvto)= SV~
    L:: 1 """e.. 100 ICs/ft.
    - - _I
    ASS\JI\I\PTIOtJ~;£D.)As SL...UI~ &..;. -+"- scketk,.Hcj ~ co",ivol Vol"W\~ f-.tAlI'l'V\J OIl\C".
    ',V\\e+ A.Io\.c1 c ...e ~I·t. is vntle r: e.ons.dq rio p'/Nl,
    At.JAI,..'-C'S'IS'. T~ \~~;. Al\d CVl(.,'t \\A-AU-f-e..UI rA.~t tl'l~ j\l/el-'\
    ~4::\00(I_eZ.i;) t:s/k. ) ~e"::' loa Jt=.f!J/h. (I)
    TIM.
    C""'\c
    t~,,-h.,,~~u..o
    b~\I\u
    n"""-# ~ 1 c....If-.r 1 ~ss c.; o\.o~t'\.O..l \,4$il\j 6,- f,C.;j-f'..t ~$.s

    E:.
    I ~
    e_2t: cvr
    _ 100
    Sl>
    -2e
    5t>[ e2.t - 1] -+ SO '::: 50 e. (3')

    100

    80

    60
    ~

    --
    s:
    ~
    Cl
    40
    m
    e
    ·E 20

    0
    --- m
    i

    0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3


    t(h)

    Ff'OM t~is plot ""e. see ~~ i~ih'4l~ Yl'la~{ fLows o~t,d- '" kl~t... "(',d·e.)~ kb M(!SS
    fuws llA, Eve.V\-kA.a.l~ J ~ L\\C.OM\V\.j -«.ow ro,J\e.. e.,~s ~ e~l.+ +low reNte,

    4-1
    FROf3LcH 4,/ (CoVl+d.)

    rVle -FollowiY\5 pJof is Obfp..I·II\ed. fer" #teo L·l.1stAIII+Ctl1f.(')us ra4e of cket.""e sf mtL's:
    O-r---------====~--,
    -10

    -30
    :2
    ......
    Ol -50

    -
    ~
    ~

    "0
    ~ -70
    E
    "0

    -90

    -110 -h-T""'T"'"'T""""""'T""'T"'"'T""""""'T""'T"'"'T""""""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''',.....l
    o 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
    t(h)

    It,
    I n fA. \ hj ?t~e. AVYloli'-1.t t e t VWl ss i 11\ 4- It\e. t--Io'\k. i..r tAec. re«.Si\,\j 0.+ o; r-~ "eo{ 'fW\e..
    E\I~vd . w c.l\j ,+lA~ rate. of ~e (G!.-ec.V'eo..s;c.) 0+ MA~S .s;{OlA$1-o z.ero.
    The foHow ,'hj plot t.s Oh~L~ed -for +k-e. ~rnoLCM.t of! WlQ.SS ilt\ fkL ~V\.k ().s 4-
    WV\ctLO)\ sf +iM~:

    50

    40

    Ol 30
    6
    1>
    E 20

    10

    0
    0 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3
    I
    !
    t(h)

    FroM +~Ls f\o+) we.. see +~t tl,.e. to..""k... '1 £!\ (t laL\lj co ~ tML-is 5~ ~ G\.~ t.V\A.r+i~s.
    (b) 'Frotlf\ +ke Vlo+> we.. See ~ +~Q. ~""k... is 'I\(&trlcj e.'Mf"'~ a+ -t ~ ~.6 v..

    4-2
    PROB(,EM 4.2

    I<NOWN: f\t\,,~s fLows iV1tt> ()..~ O~+ 19~ o: ~~trol \1oll,t.W\e wi~ kll\OwY\ fLow reJres.
    F \ND~ Plot t~e h~e. ,0J\e. ef C~(;("'"Se... ef m,,"ss 0l1l\.J. +~e.. V'\~+ Ck.,,"'Sc l~ +\vL ""~ot.\....,,,t
    of MC4..SS vevsus f\Me..
    SC HE.M4T\C- 1'rNl> C9\VSN DM'A : ,- - -- ,
    . I I

    I conirol I~-
    "
    "7
    I volume -.oo~i
    . , : 1.s _s5 I l~ e=I.S(I-e )
    'W\.
    , -
    I
    t t i~.s,) ~~ ;11\ k~/.s
    AI\I,4,I..'fSI~: The mte of. dA~e o+- M4.~S et.+ -l-llM!. i IS
    etY\l\cv '" Q..~" -.OO2.t.)
    0..+ ~ '4v\- Me. -:.) ~+ = \.5 - '.S (I- e (I)

    =- 1.5 e.- .~O2. t.


    -r~+~,r(Nh;"g the. ""'4-~S Y'o.~e.. loa.lCt\A.c.e. 0vetr +\Me
    f J. V\\c." ~ S0\ ~'I ~e ~tt~ -
    (7.)

    AY'Y\(.,,(.,~: ) J t I I.Se -
    o
    '
    ,DO 2. -/;] I
    "",t J
    ~

    1.5 ..--------------~
    IT program

    =
    rndot] 1.5 II kg/s
    mdot_e = 1.5 * (1 - exp(-.002*t» II kg/s
    dmcvdt = mdot_i - rndot;e
    delta_m =Integral(dmcvdt,t)
    ......
    -c
    Using the Explore button; sweep t from ~
    o to 3600 s in steps of 4. .§ 0.5

    FrOM -l-ke ~pe.r, r~p h M-\d ~1' CI ), 0


    we. see. ~ llAl-h a.L~ t ~ l.e..t+k.e 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600
    +Low lffA.te.·L-S hi1\i.. f/tN- ~ e~l..+ t (s)
    +Low ro..-\e is -ceco . T\,w.s .. cAVhc'I/ett
    S1o..~ ht,l\. A.s t \\AC'f-e.c....ses);{.e 700
    ~'l+ tLoV-i 'fCL~e \V\.'-lreMes ~ ~r-.J
    600
    c.l\Mcv {et:c d..(tp,00.' lA.es zero CA-&
    t ~~&t-OO.s • 500

    T\.te loot(OM 5r~~ S\\.ovrs ~* -


    ~
    ......., 400
    f\Ae ne..t c"'-o.. "'S e. iN\ ~~~ CV\G'l".eASeS E
    ~
    300
    t,l~~\ \t ~,(1Cv~e~1~O ~ . A+ <I

    1ia:t "fO\. ~ ~ tr\\{e. c..~e. 200


    w.. ~~~ ct> '2-40 05). 100

    0
    0 400 800 1200 16002000 2400 2800 3200 3600
    t (5)

    4-3
    ~
    PRo8LSM L1.3

    t<NQwtJ: Air ledk..s ',vtft> ~V\ j')1'~+i a.ll'::J ~Ve.tc:u¢ted -in-Ii\k. at C1. COlt.SktLAt l'V!Ass flow nck.
    FIND~ DefeVt\11'lI\e tke. pY"eS'.sLu·~ ilA tke. 1-o....k ~f1er 30 s.
    ~Clf6\tMl( t "VEk) UkrA:
    I
    r
    'I.... ~./, ': 0.00 If tL,/.s
    A~SOMPTtOAJS~ ( I) The l..ot1trol \lolt.lrke ~.......

    ~s OMe ill\le+ ~~ ""'0 eJtik.(2.) "'''e ~l.i~c) =0


    tll1- betta\fe" as ~~ "I de4 I ~/t.' . I V = ~ f+3
    ;;;;"",;;;;;",.=.-=-_~I
    ....... Tz. ::. 7DO f =- 530°1<

    ~ 30 30
    Jo d: me" =J0. . ';. dt ~ r,f (O.OO~)dt
    'Wl it =30 ) :. (0.00 Ci) (30) =. O.l:1. 110

    Now J USI'h'J +ke id eat 9tU mo&el


    ,Sl(S If-' I,F ) .ff'2.
    m RTz. (O,(l. '£,) ( 2.8.'7 11tJ. DR (S 30°te) I
    P.=-:.
    2. V (5' .f+3) -~
    14'1 i 141.

    :: 4.1 tl IbfltiA'3....;< &

    4-4
    PR06k£M t+. J.l •
    KrJQ uJtJ : A tan k c.on"fa,i JIlt·r'J3 A W\ W\ 0 0... cA eve lop.s a l e~ k.. 1h. e. a. \N\. 0'"\. 0-...
    y\ \.. \'\1\

    esctJ.FS oi: a. cC11cSfiuC/t YtUW /-low ride.


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    1'VI<t.::' i 1\1.
    A5sUMpnoNS: (I) The. centrol voLu.Me is shown Otl +he. o.CCOMPA)\~I~"
    q.;a., rQ,t1f. (2.) The feMpera.ktre. '14 tLte. +tx.KIc. ~ma.n..ts COY!tS{-a.Kt. (3) The.. volume.
    J.S umsft;.d.
    ANMNS'5: AfPI~~j -H1e. m4S$ raJe. (,a..IQlt(ce.

    d~cy • 0 OLJ
    dt: :. - r\1e :: - • ., k~ Is

    Iflfe.tjraft~gjf)~~l.R;""e. Jt .
    d»tt:.-::' - 1'Yle. cl. t :: - 0.0 L.( t
    Y\i\ev(o) 0

    .501 vln~ -for i: t1'J,v l:f;-) - \'\1,.- (c)


    t. ::. (-0. 0 4 "--;,/s) ,
    From Ta.IDle. A-IS) 1.r, ::. O. LIll.O V\'1 ~/bj. ThU.s. +ke ; ""ii-i,tf WlCc.'S' I ,:s
    V
    "MCy(o\ : 1:1: :. .2.Cl2:t Ic:j
    •
    Y\'lGv Lot) :: =i ~c.v (0) ::. l.t.{ I {

    ( I, L{ (I - 2. ~)...:L ) k~
    t -: . .
    (. -O.O'-{ ~/5)
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    Now.. to ~e.t f'Z. ) d..e,teV'M~e. 'lTz..


    y
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    r'2. ~ «.t. Ii bt;ty <EE~--------------


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    PfZO{3L,sM "l. 5

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    S C \1t'i: MA-i\C. 8' ~ \V €.iV "DA-TA: Water supply
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    ml = 6.8 Ibis

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    IT Program
    =
    f 0.06173 - 0.02519 * z AO.5
    der(z,t) = f

    Using the Explore button, sweep t from


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    The -kHow ~~ ortlph CI..li\. Ioe. ObHu'lI\eJ +roM tJ.1e rt"~(,dti~5 et~~ l.c.Si ~ rr.

    4-b
    'PRD6<.etvt 4.5 (Corafd.)

    §:
    N

    0.5 --I+++++t++-hI4+i-t+++-H+++J++l++H++++t+++H+H++++++++++H++++J

    o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
    t (s) t =- 55, 2. 5 c.c ..::....:...:--.:.:;.;",,;,;:.

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    - m3
    -1
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
    t (s)

    4-7
    PR Df!JUE.1'1 Jot. to
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    I. 100000 ~-------------,
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    l/l 60000
    c
    II Use the Explore button to sweep t from 0

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    -9
    40000
    >

    20000

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
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    ASSUMPTIONS: (l) T~e. COn-lrt>l Volu.me is 0..+


    s+e~ s-/o:le.C2.) -rke a.lr hekaVl'S
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    =<o.ocrs em ~"'Er------------------_.-:..=

    4··13
    KNOWN~ A~t- evr+ers A bu..iftU.~~ tk("Ol.t.,~ c.rttcks (U'OLC.t1c.( dt!or.s 4~J LcJ,..,dows
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    The ivrl-eV"1\td volume 01- fhe bui/d,n,
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    7:, =7z~F
    ~rou~L.. V\A~ ()f,(..t4Low
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    B8 .ft31'ML'V\
    ,), +lJfrtt.ft~ #\'-0"'1 ~ .
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    AsSUMPTLONS: (I) The confn,( volu-me "IS elt s+eatLtj ~ie. .(2) The air behet\eS'
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    OR.
    T"lt.lV '.
    ).[ 88.f+3/rMlA + If> 0 +f3/~J :: 2/"f H3/ '(IM.'1A.J
    _
    -
    Q n- f-+
    3
    11M.,
    l '~/-I3.0Z0
    I k
    f+ 1
    1;"
    ';l '<I~'---------_""":'-~
    0\r)~f~
    ,4.\Y. cN...(l~~S ~ l3,/J2-0 l+J/~
    ?e-r Vtc!)UN" 2.0) 000 #.1/ CUh- ciAo. "'S e.
    ~ ~.'S a..\I).. cM.q\o\~e.s /~ 41 eL~:" c.it(i.~eJ'

    4-·14
    J~~OWN ~ A\-r' ell\+e1fS "'" +u-Yv\ClCe. \9?-ev-o..f!'11\5 a+ 5tw-&~ 6-k-te ~\A...t .~ -to o: clu.cf- S~.sk.M
    ~~'I~hkS ~ +k~e. ~c:ls, »q,-t-tA 0.J{f. \tv\Ol,OY\ 0.-+ +ke.'''Al-et(i\~ e~c-k s.f -+~
    cl t sc1ACA r~ e c4tcAs.
    FIf\JP: 1)etex~;V\e«(A) +~e. 'N\~<;S +101..0 I("a.:te eV\k.,v-'·~l tlAe (\~yV\a.ce,(2.) tk~
    voLlAl'V\~h'i.c. +low V'~~(. i\l\ efA.(,~ ~.f- +-~ &,-.y\, e2l:lf AA\.cis ) <.c) -I-ke.. V~IO(,l{''j ll!\
    ..yke. /2· ~v'\, e)(l + clMd,
    ,1- --- - -
    T=I'ZOcF
    - - '- - - - - - - - (!t)I
    I r-»-- -> ' 1>
    I
    I
    t
    FUR.NACe. I
    o
    I

    ,
    I

    7;=7'sot I I
    R:. J afl\ll - - - - - - I
    IQ\'(") e 00 .f..r 'jI WH'""
    I ':

    A=~SUMPTlO"-J$', (n The. c.cmml 6howYl oY1 f-ltte aCCOYl-1ptU11j1'vtj lSk.etc~ ~ a-T


    ~fe~6ft<;fe, (2.) Th.e o.ir b~t.1Cc. ves ~s a. '" l"d ea! ~~S. (3J The. fempera:fuYe
    tt~&. -p,(,(!.f;SLU'-e /Vt e{.(.c.L-t c:;tLtcA- are.. tj"" sCtWl€. as -nce feY1A~Y"c('tuY"e. a.d
    pre-ssuve ef f'he Q.,~r de-liv.eV'd -+0 +L-te ~ s~.r+evt-1.
    ANA:LYSI.s~ (~J U5,'nj t=~. 't,tl b wi""'''' +l1e. i4et-l-1 9""5 ~'I.(A,+l.oV\
    , (A\rL:. P, {AV-J,
    Yv\, ::.
    v: RT1
    :. (/ Q.tw.).( 800 f./'/"",,)
    JSI.fS H-lkt.)( 5350~)
    Illl\l!l~b IbJ"Y\~lllti4 il'\:111 Y\I\;",
    1 a+V\I\ I,p-r /DO s
    I
    (
    z.8.<;; I b' oR. ,
    = o» 8q IbIs "'4-q--------------------""1
    (b) ~l:
    t.lr
    ;),:0(:;;": ;~;~)~; : it: (-~)'++'\ 0it) I~
    ~ 3' 4 \" 4 }~ 5 I
    E) :
    V\'\'V\
    I
    ~ lit, g +l-~I~ill\~
    (C.) A ??' ~ \ ~j +l--.e ~~~s Ioalctl.\ce +0 j.e.t- rh"T
    ck%o, - .. , " , (~)
    ~ : M 1 -IM-z.- VY\~ - W\-T .2> '1\1\4- ::. \'\'\ -'(V\ 2- VV\~

    w~ £1' 'I.U b
    . - (A\r) ptAV-) (11I.tA")(1l1,8) 11~41 Ibis
    M'2,.-=- 'M ~:. 1J" ~ Rr::' 1545 b0 .: 0.1343
    ( 2.8.c:r, )( 5 BO )
    'F"ovY\ ()1()
    ~~ ~ o.<18~ - 2(~134'3) -::. 0.'1204 llois
    Fl iAC4. ~L11 h-O'M M 4 -:. A... \J4
    \1"'" _ V 4 \'Y\~
    . v"" (1$45 )
    (RT4\ )L~", ') _ ,5,"21 (.560)(0.1'1.04)_
    "4 - A4 :. .
    ( P.-:; }(1't 1>.)
    z: - (L4 ,(.<1,,) it (12.)2.
    - 13.4 \ 41 s AA--~
    \ 4 4

    4-/5
    PR06L.eM t./.13 *
    I<NQWN: fe.w~'jer1l.l;(.t l3'1~flows thro~h tl.. re+ri,et"ttf~ COl1Ae14s.er. ~t:l~ are
    l<flown a..+ -Hte IJIl/et AVld e>CI'+. T~e YVI&ol.S:s flow al-l-t.e. ''II-e.t IS ~l"e",.
    ~: 'Determ ,'i1e (a) #Ie illl k.t- ve.'oc-ll~,) (h) 'ft1e dLttYl1ekr .ef +tte. e.xit pipe.
    5CkfeMA-ILC t (7\ veN DATA: , - - - - -,

    AsSUMenQtJ"~(I) Th-e eon-l-Y'ol


    P,
    "
    ~ 9 baY' I
    I
    Volu,Mire is O-T 6tead'j sta.tfl.. T; ~ SO Dc. I
    (2) The flow is ot1e-a,meVlslona.I d, ~2. S c.m I R·l~'{o. t
    '"2,::' q bar
    a:f the IV. let ~lftd e.ktt. I T2 =?>O °c
    ~I ::. ~ k" 1M\11\ III I 2.
    \f;. ':: 2. os 'MI~
    I~~

    AtlM,\/SI s . U~ \ 50 I v I Va" Eb. 4.1I b .ft,y- v;

    v-: ::
    M, tr, ~, 17.
    = (7\':,'2.)
    - ::. 4 m 1S.
    I

    , A, rt el,'

    Prom Ta.ble A- l'2.,) -v; ': 0.02. 'i 1)., m3/~."T'k.us

    =. (Lf) ( 0 k,/miY\) (O,O~«ll?.. W\3/~J 1 \ M~II\ liD" C.M~


    v-; 7\ (~.s)·c.m2. (,0 S , \ M~
    ::: S.O~ Wl/54Cii4Cii-----------------
    (bJ To .f,~& +ke &i'Hheter ()f ""k,e. elC',t 'Plpe.;be~tll\ wi+'" W\&c.'S fa.:te. ha.ltlKce
    ti'M~
    ;:a:r- : 0..
    M I -
    ,
    m 2.
    _.......'
    -::;...-
    •
    YY\2. -::. yY\ ,

    i\A.u.s J W l +fA "'" ~:: A 2.~ / -u- &

    A - W\,1,)"'z.
    "Z. - \f;.'
    Fron, Tabte. A - U ,) -;;. < T~ @ <i. /oar . -rku.s,) f/tte r'etru,eV'a.~ l.s 0.. ~"~·CCc>Ie;(
    11'1 Lltt(. Fr?:JM Table A-(O)
    v;,. "X. 'tff~ 3() 0c -=- O,&Lfl1 Xt.O-:J 'fYt3/ k,j

    II'\,Ser..· hVij VALues


    A _ {b Ica/)'l.\l",,)(O.g'l(7XLO-:SV\l\3/J~I'W\~£;\I_ , - 5 2..
    n'2.. - ( -1. S ron I s ) ho S .. ?:,. 3ft>7 XiD rn

    F. itt l( tl:1 1 W ',+~ A = TUJ..'j 4


    I.fA )(/7-
    d2,. :. ( n:.2. :: O.OOCoS-m =O,CD~ em.; a-z.

    1-/f,
    ~
    PRDtbU2.M If. ILl

    jc;NaWAl: Dala. elr"e ~,ve£l1 for sJ-eAwt flowl"'~ fhro""h. ~ flN.. .I~"Yte wi+~ Otse.
    '"Vliet elMA 'hoo eJects.
    ])e+errnl~e +kQ. o~ e~c.L.t e.~ifduct.
    fiND: diamefer
    .... -- ........,
    5CMeMA-TIC. i 61VeIJ DA7'A:
    P, ::: t~o bfi¥ ~
    , - -

    7l -:.t.{gO °c
    (ft v:) :: 2>00 "".J -+ P3:::o.ofD /oar
    ASSlJMPTlON5:(I) The ~vHYol
    I """'"
    2 ~= O.ql{
    VDlu.~e. is o.;f- .sre~ shA.te" ~ ::: O.IS ~l Vi::.
    I.{ 00 '1'411 S
    (2) The -Pk>w it+ fLte i .,d.e+ a "'-4 p. : 5 b(c. v .
    eAC.L.t elCi+ is OMe - du:i1eVlSL0l1t:d. ;'20:'
    ~qo be

    Vi. =~s 'vn Is p I---::-I----¥~


    ANM,\/SlS ~ The M"'.s flow rate. 0.4- tHe ""let is I~O bfAr
    ~~
    (A \r), ~-~ ~~
    ~ :. '
    \ v, ~ Sb~
    ~s-:
    Frorl") Table A-,.,.) 'Vi ::. 0,01&<.( ~ m!>/ ~. Tk.cu q~
    .. ( gOO m 3/\'M4\~) 1J mi~1
    W\, :: (O,Olg'-(~ ~')/t~t'~ =-1;t3.q k~/s
    ~ Vlc.l ~'l.::: O,(g ~ \ e, ('30.3 "5{s
    Aft>' 'j \'iA ~ +"'.e. Vt/\IA.f; S ra.-t~ \0 CA.lOMC ~
    ~ :::
    0
    .. ... .. -b" , ' c o« (" I
    ,.;ott Vv\ \ - VV\ '- - M.3 -y VV\ '3 = """, - W\ 2. ::..;> -,~. ~ Is

    tJOW J W'I+lA., M ::. A'V / 7.:1J tMlJ -frotyt T410le ""-if; 111.. =Ott{~l.(CD m3/1~

    A :. ~"2. 1.Y"2,. _ ( l"3 0.:5 lc.:i 10$ )( 0,1.( tJ> l.( ~ '()') 3/ ~ ) _
    'L v;.. - (2.5 Y'I'l/ s ) - ;;2.t.( J.. ( n, 2-

    No+~~ 1iAa.t A~ netY4


    ot 2. ~ J-4¢C2. = 1.1$(0 \'V'l EE-------------------.;;;;

    From Tce.lole. A - 3 ~ a..t P3 =o.ob ba-r ~ k3 :: a ~ <t'-{


    'U3 : : tIf.l + ~3lV;3 -1Jf~)
    :: J.~O"(f Xl 0 -3 + (a.'N ) (23.7 3tt - LDOCP'{ )(to- 3 ) =2~.3IS 'm)/~
    ~3 1J3 (S't"s,<o) (;l.~.:'!> IS) "2-
    A :: . :. ::. 33. US" \'l1
    3 V; ("{oo )

    tlM<t tf 3 ~ ¢c3r =- 1o.4Q M "lIiii<~-------------..--.


    4-11
    '0.....+.... ~r~
    l<;Nqo.uI.J: p('()". c1 e c:J few- SC.d:'$1rA.I1'~f +y,..cn/l\; -t~lA.:il-\. ~ Y'.p~ 0;'
    ~ ~ ~A.lWe.Je.....
    f I I-JO: 0. ~,..",-",-c. +t1t hooAt' +<,IN" ~ fw .e..AcA,... 0+ +~+c. 'Sp~c.f,'4" r~*"l'1qs,
    SCI+~ft.1AT1C <t GI VtN M 7Ai

    I \J: ti tr/.s
    Ar-.»AL.YSis: UJ/.(tA 6"1' 4.lIb

    --r:: (7C'O'!4')V
    A
    '\r
    - -_ 1r
    n K-k H t /41l'i -ff/s] _ O.O~l~:ZH3Is
    '\r

    (~} c.v~c.r ~ So lb~/l","", 80°1=


    VJ\~ V~~(~O°F) -::.O.OllD07 ~~((b (TCAble. A-;;le)
    . • -=- O.O'l.l~~ ~}(~ _ \ 3S1~O 16 (~ <: (0..'
    •• W\ 0.0 ltDO, ~")lib C .J

    (b') tv i\. r()~ t.lf\ o..~ \d.e.~\ ~()..~ So lb~ It""~' eOo F : R.
    I I
    0.'" (A.{.. Sl.{Oo

    \r- ~T - CIS\t'S Ul"'")(54.0°l<)


    ;l.9.o l \~. O{t.
    t ~~ U h~/ll
    - ~ - ( S 0 lb,," (\ ,,\" ) l"l"\ i"'..... ~ \.l~ 1 ¥to s>

    O.o'-'~"1..~" I>
    :. ~ =. "(.(~.,~} Itt> ~ O.OOS21 lb/s Eo (b)

    (,c.) RJ.~ o..-\- So lb+'/''''"\.. 1&0° F


    U"" -:. l. ~ll\D ~~ { lb .c.,o~ T~h\e. A-'\ E'"

    , ~ -:.. O(O'l.(~1.. {.~~( > -:. O. 0 l1l~ lb Is 4!C::E::------tG)


    •, 1. :tl' ~ ~> It b
    PRoBLeM 'I, ,ft, "
    kNOWN:DCI,fCt. ~("e. k-vtow,,", a.f +t-..e. 'Vliet a.~ e)(it of Oh a.i". GD'MPY'~S50Y 0l'era.fIVo.,j
    ~+ s+ee.c.d.'j sta-fe., E4.clA u..t\a 0+ M~~S fa.~si;1j -/1"\\"olA1h lA...,cle("jo~s (J.. pcJ~.Jy-opi<:
    process.
    ~: J)-t-fef'MIVle +I.-te +«_~~r~{..,-,-re. a~ ch~"",e.{.e"" ~{-~(. e)C.r:t-.
    ScUeMA-TIc. tt G-\ VE.10 J>\-TA " (1.)

    I~,..LWL...:.!!:~!......:::""'",,-- 'T,: $:\0 OR.


    (4V-) ~ ff.J/"";",,,
    $00 4'
    I
    A-S5U/VlPTJ OAlS: (J J 1he c0I1-f'n,1 volu.rn~ is ~ I- Stea.J.~ s-k+e, (:z.) EAciA UI1.'i.t E>f rn4&,S
    uV\J.€t'~oes A.. po J'd+r()~jG v>.rOC@$5 wJt~ .
    n = ,.~l.{ ,(3) T'l1e. aitr" hel-tttves a.S: ttlA
    ,'c{~,(,/ ~a..S:l as be venf'oed b~ re~Y'~V1ce -fo +ke coV\-tfres'S'd!)1l ;f~ t-l.tctrt,
    CLVI

    At.J/tl'i.51S', ihe exit '1elo~t:J is cl.e-f~n'r.,ilAeJ ~ usi~ +/Ae. YlV...SS ra.te. Iocel4,Wc~
    (,O,,<·HI\ E~, 4,/1' b .) Cc..-S +oUows :
    d ·~I / 0 , ~ ).... ~I::'
    ~ ::. \'\11 1 - W1'2.,::::'/
    , • ~ (A\r),_ G\\r)'2,
    Y\Il'1. »» ~ - lJ''l.
    tiT-srI ev'ttllA.M-e -v: US'~ f/"e lCJ.e.~1 8&<..S e~uce.+l~
    V:::. ~.:.
    P,
    (
    IS ~5 ft' Jbf)
    2.8.1:}1 I ,,·°te
    (i~.-, '~/III\~)
    (S3G
    Q)
    ~ I (++2..
    I~Cf 11-\
    'l. = l3.1S" t..;;'llb

    NtJw) <.oi+'-' .f~e. pol'jt-rdpiG p'f'oce{;s ex rYe~SlOIA-


    ...L J-
    v: - (p.P''2..) (,11{ ~: (tlOO
    "Z.. -
    '-1.1 ) l,lIl(.
    (
    -tt)
    l~3S lb) ::. 3.l "2 ..H }/ Ib

    1\t. e~'{.+e.""~t.r~kfc. (~J.eJer",""",~""~(A..~,,~ ~~ iotea.( ~Q.S et ~\.o"'" 0 ' -


    S-We..
    T "I.
    _
    -
    Pl.
    R.
    \rt,. _

    -
    lbt.--(\",1.) ('\.l'\:l.
    ( 11..0

    (~~ t~ to )
    e-t-} Ill» I (Co(\.(

    I
    lll\l.-1
    "-t""
    JB.q, l~· 0 a.
    =. l G ~ '( • R ':. S 1 '1 F 0 oIIIl;ii<:::--------------
    So \v·\......, (-*) -Co ... A" a..-e:l \~S~ r ~' ~ V"Q.lV\. e~
    A "::. (AV),\rlc
    ~ v-.
    ( 1 0 0 ~ Is) (
    \r(

    :. (500 +",,:~/ ~.\",) C~.l~~ .c-\-} 11b)ll W\\'"


    n.
    ~ OS ~) I (b ) (gO S
    I: O. 002.~ l«,.c+ 1-

    ::. O.4l0 ,,,,"'-


    US\~ A2. ":. 1\ d~ (Co{
    d.... -:.. (~"")"~ -= C'l)( ~"Il C) ~) Y"-
    i ...

    d4 ':. 0,1 'l"')... '\~ 4lIIIii<.;.----------------


    4-1'1
    KIJOwA1: Dotrn. ~r~ 3\Ve,Vl -ler a''.... etAA..err~j C4~ e'tttlHg .ftOJ'Yl tt +rut.
    FfNQ: l)ek.rVV\\~e a,+
    s+~ sWe.(~) +ke. ~,.s .fl,ow r(A.l/e ,(b)-fke
    volu,rn~4-ric fl,ow mJe. a.:f- +ke lL-\let,) tA~(c) -f-ke ;~kt 4kd. e"it
    velcxiffes.
    .sCH~M(G i OrlVUJ PkTA ~ 1 1
    ~I l~
    ,
    T= t"Dc. I 1 1i. =-t8 °c
    ~( I~
    pI :tOII:.P~ r, -= tos /c.Po.
    .~: :~ @.V-) :. o. 35 ~31s
    ]) =0.(" m ~, I~ z.
    (j) ®
    4SSUMPTIQrJ~ :(1) A CoYlfro/ voluvwe e~£c,sl~j +Lte ~II\ is At s+ea.d.~
    ".J.a;Ie .lZ) -rl..e a.W- J,e.f.ta. ves as GU1 ;d~ Sa.s,
    AtJ4L'ISts "
    @ J The. \'\1Ct. ~ S ba.(ct t.tc e ~ (.5 1-0: ~ I : mz. 0 TlAus) (AS \ ~j JaJo..
    +
    Q.t, +M.e e~L et +'te +a.~

    m• -_ CA""--z.
    \r)2, _ <A \j')2. pz.
    - R. T Zoo

    (O,3'S'm'3/ s ) (/os kPa..) 10' N1W\2. I k:r


    -- I Ic.P~. 1
    ~'W\I\
    8.$1'1, I<':r '\(2" k ) 10
    ( .). 8 0'7 1<.3. K OJ
    : 0.# ~/5~~~ _

    (b) Ai- 441e ;"1(e,t


    0.44. ~ 'Z8,3l'l
    oe ,cr r) (z. B CJ )~
    (Av-J, : ~ ~ : m(r~1 = (J 01)

    = O. ~~ f m
    3
    /s OIIIClCf~-----------­
    (c.) -rite c..ross-sec..flo&l\c::J AV'e.~ is
    A _ 7TDZ. _ Tf (. " "m)"l. _ !J "\ w:f "2-
    rt - 'f - 'f - O. 2. .,. ~

    \f\:' CA~l - O. '36 I w.3/s _ 1'"UJ 1M / S 00IIIl~f------


    P- 6. 'lt3l..T ~1..

    h __ (A:~1.. ; O.~:S-

    4-20
    PR06lEM lIo 18

    I<NOWN: AmmoY\~6' {lows f\.lrot.c.,h l!' (..O'l1.+rol voLu.me. at ~+ea~ stede. 1ke
    Go""rro ( VO Lu.m e k&C-S oKe IVilet o.~ two e.t(it" ~ c(aA.i. a."'e. kJ1.owl\
    o.t eA.CIA flow 'oo1.uvla.ll.tj.
    F/N'C·. Pe-{errv\lne. (Cl) t~e M'V\)~lA'W\ \Y\\e.t- &'iQ.Meter 00 ~e lAthn'u>n'ul.,
    veloci.f.y does ~O+ e>cceec( 2D MrS.( b) t~e votM.\'\1e+ric fLow rl);{e of
    t~e. sec.Ovu( e~ it -stre,Q.W\.

    sc f,fSM/'vTtc. i Gr\ VEN DATA: --- -1(2) ~:.., ba,..


    (1 )
    J
    I control
    .. S()l.t. v4por
    P, ~ ILl b,,("' ,. I C!r'V)2-:. I.03E> 'ftal/rvl°l'l\
    7; :28 e c vol u.me
    I I,I ~

    AjSUMPTL'QNS: (f) The control Volu.me


    ~, ::. O.S K:Jls
    ,--- -
    I
    _ - - 1{3
    P3= q ba,y
    ) So.f, U,u i d.
    IS (It sfeo.J.~ s~.(2) The flow o.t fhe
    i,,'et i.s ot')~-ollhtensLo",d1.
    A1JAL'l51S: (~) To relafe. veloci-{-~ Mltc1.. pipe dla.merera:r ftte i~letJ use 'l0ll.llb
    V-::. 'V'Vl,"""':. ~ l t.r; .
    I A, l n cA 2.) i

    4
    T\tuJ.s) \JeLE>Cl~<j \J ~rle.s i'vw'efsel'j UJ ·ttiA. d.\a.~e+.e.('. The ~\'lf\ \MlAM ol\~~
    Ct>rrespo1)e.ts 1t> \J"l -::. 20 W\ ( s .
    To ~¢.,t ~ ) Y\OTe. froM To.ble A .. Pi +~CL+ 1\ =;2.8°c ~ lees fto..C4.~ 1s~ a.:t I "I1oa.r.
    l;.eVlce) fn1m T().lo\e A-l3 J ~ ~ ~@2.8.c.= /.b7~'+ x/o- 3 m~/(~" aNo.G(

    J ) _.. CLf)(o.s '<'-1!s) (1."7/t()</O-3 'M 3/ 1a;)


    (a, 0 :.

    \: 't\II.\L\ 7T. (2.0 M(5 )

    :. o. 007 Z q n'\ = D. 7 2. t:t eM <E,<----------.;;...~­


    Cb) To fl~d (AV-)j.l b~i~ with the. MA~S raie. ha.kuilce
    ol~o . .." . .."
    ~:. ""', - ~ 'Z. - W\ J :;> ""':5 :. '('V\, - 'N\ '1.

    \Ai li-~ "'" ~ Qrv: )/1J


    CA\f")3: 'V3 l ~, - (A\[")2,.Iv--z.]
    froV\'\ TCtIoIe. A-I'" at 4 bAr ; 1f2,.::' O.3DCilf V\-\3/~ (J./IA.eA. U;=I.S5'7Xtir3h1~/J,.
    l1w.s
    (AV-) ~Q.S~'f1K(D' d) ~o.s kCj )( bO~)_ (f.03b \m
    3
    ')1
    / 'M.\ lI\.
    3 -e ~ S I M\IA
    (O.30ClY ~a/kj)J
    :.
    3/ .
    D. 0 41 h 'n1 mill\. oE<~--------------~

    4- Z./
    kNOWN: A P""~P o~~'V\j Cl.t s+~ ,+cdc ?Y'O'/ides \UQ,f4r +"Y"o~h iwo
    e,clt pipes. 'J)a:~ Q.f'e ~no(.On a.t ~e. lV\\e1' a.Y\~ e£\c.lo\ ~it.
    F,tvc: J)e~~\~c. the w~+er VC2.\od~ ,\1\ eo.cv.. e.,\+ P~pq.

    SCH-EAATlC. t 6r\VE~ l>,lrTA ~ (3) <.2.}

    I>f» 2 -4 ,~. pipe 1>~: \~. f'P~ 6


    A-s,uMPnoNs: (I) "he. c.oY\-\yol T~ ~ 12,°F /, ~ xT'a.~ ':'2. ° F
    volu.V'\e is Q.:t &te~Cj ~~i'~, ~ puw.p I Y'h&,:I. if 1101.s
    (7.) \~~ w,,*"er is \~c:o~~ss\l.\e 1j ~ '10 0F
    J
    a.~ ,1.T ~ Vf('T). 3'/ . .
    (A'I1'),,,- 7071 ft /'Mot" (Il ' .... _;,.;' ..
    ~ :. (, ,,,. pipe.
    MlAL.'{SlS: R> ~ t~ ve.(CCI.~ ;'" ~(. 3 &V\. ripc I \AJe. s,. '1.11 b
    'M '2.. -u;., _ "+ ~ 'Z.. 'U'...
    \T: ~
    '2.. A.. - 7t 1>.;-
    F('OM T£a.~-e. A-;z.E. ~ 12.°F; 'U''20-=1J"-f:: o.o".C& .ft~/lb, Tbs

    v: _-
    'Z..
    L.f (Jot lb/s) (0.0 (fDO," ·9f"J1 \0)
    7C (3; I ).) &, .f1-~
    -_I .";)0,a
    '2 rL/
    1'T S
    ......1 ------..:..:.
    To .f,~ck ~ "e.\~C:\":J \\A +~e 'i,,,,,
    "'Ve) use, +l-.e.. "M.4.ss¥t:.\--te. ~Q. \a~,e
    10 c.l~~M\",e.. tl..t.t. MCA.\S f(..oVJ If'o.:\e. iW i~
    d'iVJ&°.. . • -A .."
    .?CtF -: W\ ~ - W\~ - M 3 -V ~ 3 :::. "", - Y\"\ '2..

    -+~ \V.\~t
    k\-
    \
    VV\\
    _ A\~.::.
    "'-"',
    (1.'11
    (0.01"05
    H'/w..i.lA )
    ft~/'b)
    \ I W\\'",'
    bO S
    I: 8.01 lb/s

    t.J~~L """, 'IoS 0'o~e.J. .fvO'M ,«\ole. Jr-2E, "V\oJA.<j)

    -.M~ -:. "M\---M1,.. -:. 8.0\-4-= 4·01/ h /$


    4- &.01 \Ws)( ().Ol"O" .H)/\b)
    7t (*Ir2.Y·" #4
    = 0.138 #is.-a.-a-------------~
    ~f\)O~N ~ S~~ra+e sh~~~s of WCl.+e-'l"" o-.~J.. e+hCjI~V1e 1 11 c.ol (CJ I~ col) 't\")i)(:10-rcr~
    at 51~~1e. 'rVI1X.1-uYl~. +W:c-+ IS h(.(l~ ~I~c.ol blj M,(:(.ss. DC(.~ CAre ~(\le.V\ -to., ,He lI-'\let flow.s,
    'f ItJ't? '. 1>.e+.e.""rVH"L4e ta) +\.\~ W\olo.~ ~\I\G:l vollA~e+-n',- +low 'l"&c..tes o-.f 4-l.\e eVl+e,("I~
    <j t~ co l. (10) ilAe. cltAv)\ekrs e.f. }lA,e. slAfplj fl·Pe..
    ScI7tEMAJ~c.. ;. 6lVe.l0 ])A--TA:
    W4.feV"' :
    ,- -- -,
    I ,
    T, :: 20 0c, (I)
    ~ = I bAr
    I •
    . (3),
    .
    I
    n -e, 'I. '2. Ic.~ol
    I W\\V\
    I
    -
    (2 ') e+~~)-eVl~ cal'dc-Dl
    V";:\J-,. =2.5 'm/s
    .J.i~I~e.t>1 :'£P2..E:>1 \(;.~Jlc..~ol
    A-s$VMPTIONS: (I) Tl-t(J cowrro! Volu;'lltQ. is at Seltac.ol '=- I. /I S f U~o
    6te(A.~ &kie ,(.2) Tf-\e. wA7\er"~ ~\~c.ol a.~~
    eo.cM i V\c..o ~p('ess lble. S~IoS~(.es.
    ANA-l--YS/S: (a) To +l~~ t~e e\'j<..ol -t1ow '("~es) loE«}\1(\ W'I~ ~ ~c..s<; '("",1c loa. l4. I.tce ,
    A+ s>+eC(.~ .s.t"tt.e ~ ~l +~ '1. :. ~~. ~or ~e. V"\l')(.iu.v-e..
    .50~/o al l;1 c o l ~ ~~ = 0.,5 } . '
    .
    W\'?» YV\ :: V'Y' ....
    \ ~

    50% wat.e¥'" ~ ~l :0. S


    \M~
    \.. \ 0lA)
    r- .• 1A ( k... 'MO 1 ~...9 _
    ~ \:. V\ l _no lrIt.O ~ l.{\ "2... IM\\I\) ( l8.DL.lZM01) eo 7 S. (, S I~I~U~
    ti\ : M 2. -= 115, "8 ~81 r\o\.I.iA ~
    2. .i1
    9
    ''4' ' ' ' £9'2.0, ~/~~ol I. 2let ~~"I/V\'\l~ 44 V\2.

    .,Aho ,w·(+t.. ~:: f'(A-~) •


    CA \T) 2.:::" VV\ '2.:: W\ '2..

    S~l~coi 1.11S' ~ 171,-0

    F-rOM T&llo~-e. />'-"2,) "\Y"H~O~ ~~ z.o0c. .... 1.0018 )<'lO-~ \/V\~~ a.M-A.SHv=>::'IjV~Cl~8. '2 ~/Wl.3.
    T~ r.)
    \jr\J '-::.
    "1 S. "g '~/V"'i"", :. 0,0(" 8 Wl3/~~ <I
    (
    A'IJ"
    )
    "Z.
    ,.lIS Clqe>. 2.) ~j 1~3

    (b) T\Ae ~'(~Cl * *'~ wttt€l'(" ~~(\''-Cj ~ \ffl 1A


    A:. ~\ -= L15.CPf> l(;.,I~~lA) 11'M~"'1110'tC.VV\~I_ 5054 C\lV\2.
    \ gw~o\f; (1~8\'2. k,/Wl'l}(2..S Wl/ s) bo $ 'M~ - .
    w~.\-'" A = 11tt 2/4
    '&
    I
    :.}4 A\ ,
    T(
    (4 )(5.DS4 e"""'l
    1\ =. 2. S4 (.W\....;;-4~ cA I

    5 \~i. \ Ci\.V l'1 -krr +~~ 8\~co\ .s+r~&t1N'-


    A2. -- 7'S·(g~ 1'0"+1.- ~'1.:>"3 ~.... (W\"Z..
    Cl.ll'S)(.,<t8.'2.)(2~5') bO
    -" __ ~)( tt·? 3'3)
    ~-z... 7\ = 2.4 '-1M "'ii!4~--------------_et2.

    4-23
    PfZo~LEM 4,2/

    #fNOIAJN: D~ AV"-L 'c.Vl.ow -to~ 111 let ttvtd exit s-h'e&\W\s of a,1A aw (.oVlait,oVlev-
    COOI I 4Aj fow(W" ()P€Y'a.+I~j 'd &tea..eLlj &fa;fe.
    FIN}>', 1)€+evVl'1l~e fLte WlCt~S .f:low V'a...te. ef +''''-e. V'v\~"eu.r Wa,fe-v-.

    Sc.1zt-6M.ATl<:. 6 61 VEN 1:>A-TA ~

    Cooling tower

    t Fan Warm water inlet Air conditioning unit


    I m, = 4000 Ib/h
    4->SUMPTLON's ',(I) ihe coM1h1:>/ I
    \[0l \A vl1 e. i s ~t s t ~a.J.c.:l 5-1<t-fe, I

    (z.) T~le ttrlj C\.~ .sh--eA."'-\ el+ I


    I
    I OCC<.-+lOJ.l\.3 b-elM.ve~ ClS all\
    j ot-ml ~ClS,

    ,AtvAt,\jSl 5', Tke V\'\tl~ s rec.te ~&tI4.""c e. -tor -rlA.e La t\1To \ r-ecluce~ (#s fo Hows :

    ~
    ~ fJlftJ' :. ~ + Vl1 !> + ~ S -
    I
    M 2- - LM+
    D" " , " "
    ~e 'IfV\ S '::. '1M 2. - W\ I + MC\ - \fV\3

    f ro\"V\ +~e sc.~-e~+l~ we see +lNvt- c. ircu'd' +~ro~l,.. +~e a.i,'(" c..ow;ll-ho~i~
    lA.\I\.l,t lS cLose.A., T~ere~(e) a... -t .s+eatLj sk+.a. ~\ e, Tkus m'"'
    , , '
    VV\ .s -e, \'Y\4 - M 3
    To ~e+ ~ 3 ) use Et. 4-. u h (AM 1'~Q l~.e&\"l VC4..S e.1l.l4.+l~
    M ::. (A\J)3 -;: p~ (A\r) 3
    ~ 'tT"3 I~ I"'!.
    (I ~+\M) ( ~ooo -C+)/M.~lA)
    ::
    I 545 ft.I~)(S30o~)
    ( '2.-8.e" llo ' R. 4>

    ::. 13480 Lb/'"


    Fl ~ cd Ij J .fro rY\ (.,){)

    ~s::. ltfpoO -13;+80 =52.0 lb/~~4 -


    M5

    4-24
    KNOWN: A,y PQS5es th"'O~h o: cmirol vow-..... e o~rn+rVrg at sfea.tbj cfr,:Ie.. n:tk
    are ~iveYl 0..+ fl1e i~fet wnd e>cit) tl~d fl1e. heQ.t- .J-r-lA.lf\.s?e rr:
    f""o.{e- is ItYlown. Theexit-vofumetdc.. flow r(X~ is kt1iJwr"I.
    fINo..: 1)e+eV'n1lne the power".
    SCWBMWG t GWEN :OkrA,:
    --- - --- -,I
    I
    P, =t.os h::tr I P2, =12. h4-Y
    ( I) I coYlfro I I (.:~.)
    T; = ~OOJ< T:a, ::: l.(001<
    I vol tA.\11€
    cur I
    (AV) , ':: l ~ ~'''' J_

    The mOtS$ flow y-a..fe.. i.s-


    ~ :: (Av-) I. ~ f'L (A~) l
    "l:t. l R TI
    (I.OS"ba.r )( lJ.. Yh'3/~\,-\) 1 ~\IA. loSNJ'M~ I kj

    ':: fe.3\u.
    \.,18.':;1
    k;:r) (300 k)
    ~.I<.
    bO S \ bat" I03 N . W\

    -:: O.J.4~'l ~{s


    FflA4(l~ ... {,tS'~ a.tA.4 .c r-q"""" Ta ~ (c... A - 2 '-
    Wc,v -:. (-1.0 l£.w) -(O."2."\"1tt ~ )(l{OO.qi-~OO.lC\)~t /:;{s 1
    =. - 44. (g "W ""'<u_-------- •
    Wc,v
    ~

    l. The he,o.f\ve slqV\ for -tke p OtN B-r- denoies eVter9~ 1YAIAS!er
    +0 -FlAe GOVl+rol votUMe.ef'1'l'\+~e- su"'V'lf"oUVldlV\.j$.

    4-.25
    ~
    PIlo8L8M '-I. 2 '3

    k;.NoWN : A\r o..~ w~+ev f~~s -fkrowa~ 0.. C-O"V\.-lYol t:t.S S.er'trClte S+r~~.
    vollA.Wle
    :PM-A. CA,r.e kV\own ~+ +l1.e. I~ \e+s ~~ e~·l+~,o.""'" ~e. towh-o\ vollt.\o\oie l~ 4+ st~(.,f
    "E)tevte. .J
    Pi tYb·. D.e+eV-MI·lI\e flAe. powe'f".
    oS CHE'MATIC- cf gl V6!J DA-TA '. _
    - ~ , (I) " I (z.)
    Aw I'"
    =
    7; 70°F : 1;;'0.01< I
    n :::14. i lJ"fll .... ~
    W. I : ' IS 0 lb /~\~

    W :: "II
    M~ (~I-~"') -t vn w ( ~l-k&()
    'The YV\Cc.~S +low 1'"M--e.. sf euo.~r is .fou~ -1ro"M ~w~ CJ\\l"'Js I ~

    ~
    w
    ':. (l4,o..\I'-"'~) lo.rl]~i#)
    (O.Ol<l>O' ~) Ill) l ~ (A \
    I~qqtC6
    Vs " 1 \T1 ': .N"ltP 9'00 F :. O. 0 le-O -, -C4-"/i b .c. ....- ''''b \ eo A - ':2. C
    lb 1"-"'"
    ~OI.UJ .troM T4b).e /r--z:z.e) l--t, ~ IZ.t...(p(,. &k.<llb ~~ VI.::' 1~({.~1 ~k..a./llo. ~v4-ker,.(or
    +~4 w&t~(.V"' ~ h 3 ':\'. ~+-~ClOop =: 4<l,O't 0+v../llo ~ hi ~ ~0 qooF = S~.Ol1}kc./tlo.
    rlA.Ms
    IN tv { I So ~7..)(12~. ~~ - (:II(. :l11 ~ +('fI.~~" )( '1~. oy_ S"\l.07)~] I~~ ~'~II1.S~S~~/~1
    CD ::. -(5.0 kr 4\ '4."
    I. ,he ne~a.f~·ve si~V\ dell\utes e~H~Y'~'j 1r('(VlsferJW -rke <:J:>Vt-fyo/ volu.m e b~ work..
    PRDI3U=M Lt. 2'1

    {<NOWN: Sfeo.m flows +I1 rOk l/ h (J)i:"h /c:nown c.OYld.,t-lcrns al--ffAe.


    (,l )t.Ol,. Z. Ie.
    I 'vile t a.nd e» "-r. The ma."s fLow raie is [j (ve'1.

    FIND: Def.evmlJ-,e (0.) ftce exti- ve.loc.if-lj I (b) #ae il1lef-anei ~it- ftoWQ("€a.s.
    Sc HEM'+TLC i t< I ileAl C,q.,7;A:
    T
    p, =-.30 bAV' In ~- . - -#1 (;z.) fz= to btW
    T:::
    ,
    320°C --..t.
    I
    nozz.le ~I
    T:Z.-- 2 00 0 Co
    V-;=- looMis ~- --~ ~ :t.21<tJ1s

    ASSVMPnON~ :(') The c.on+rol vollLWIe is at s.J.~aJ.J


    skie .0-) ftea-t fro..",fer is negI; j ibl-e: l).~ We-v -='0.
    (3} PokJ1fl.;"..t ener9~ eHec.fs: are. V)~lijibl-e.
    1.r
    ANALVSIS (alTile veL()ci~ t>1- 6teArn Q.t +lA.e ,exit i.s nUlA.d fn,m fl1.e ~ -~ft;J-e­
    eYle~~ cAlQ,J.1cce

    o : ii'v~vo + ~ [(~,_ h?J r(Y: ~Vj,"2.) t-9 lY 2:)]


    where. MI -=. ~z. ::~. Sol v,'J;\9 kr ~

    'l;. ::. J :2. ( h, - '" 'Z. ) +- \17"2-


    Fro~ Talol.e A -Lf,; h, :',301/3." kJ/~ tA.hJ h-a.= 2.821.' k;:r/~. Thu.s

    \f;.::. 2. (30Lt3.'1-:z..8'2.1.Q)
    k'J'
    JetJ 11 ~.I~/s~III03N'~1
    N , kJ" Te,OO" \'n7':s2. )
    -:: tp" 4.1 Mis c \h-
    (b) To ~\V\d. -th~ 1/I1\et 0.\4\& e"'(+ {lAw Qr~s) USe. ~ ~~V-)/'l:r. SC9lvtI'\j

    A,:::.
    M V"
    \T: <l\M..&. A"to '=:.
    ~ '\7&,
    \ ,...
    \ . v~

    TCtL1I-e- A- Lf) ~ ::. e.oaso w,~ ~ tr-z.:::' O. 2.o~O I/V\')'~. T~


    A ~ (2. J,c.!j/S )(0.0950 V'I\~/"1) 110~c."''''.1
    \ ( l 00 Pli s ) I V"\ "to : . , .., c.:------...:...:.:.
    c.Y\'\

    .A7-
    = (2.)<o.'2..0~O)I'O~r
    (~fc, Lf. \) J
    _- ". 2 "2. A'I.
    ~ < 1 1 < 1 1 , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : : ;.
    PROSLGtvl /.f. 25
    .
    KNOWN: S+eA~ flows thro~,l1 A. Wt.lI- ,i'J:;u{().krA. l1.02zle w;fI,.. known cond.i"-fu:m.s
    a.f- the ,'i1It-t- ~Y\et e.)(i+.
    FIND: :De+e,.ml~e #Ie e)(it+eM.p4rakAv-e. T
    ~CHEMA11c i 61 YeN VA.-TA.:

    P,=300 'W/,k2. t~ ~= 40t"~'i·~2.


    7;= IoOODF ~ kO'Z.1,Ie. ~ ~ = isoo fHs
    '1";=(00#105 C')!~ ,(Z)
    11"77/" •.. . '''''1i
    l'j~~
    'I

    A~SQMPTlQJJS~~1) The cemro! volL'me. c.$ a~.sl-fZad.~


    sloie.cz: There /.S l10 hea..f ~sferJ aMd W~V=O.
    (.3) pofeYlffal e~eY9'Y ef.kds a.r'(a Vlefjl it} ible.
    ANA-LiSIS ~ 'The p~su.re .,-, kwn ~t +ite. e)(i+-. The sfD.-le.. L~ -flxeJ b~
    delef"MI~\l"'j h:z, -u.s, i-1!j tke sfecu:l.t:1 - st(d e el1ef"9~ Iottl4ltltce
    ~~ 0_ ,/0 v-: 7. v; z _ ~0
    O~j:(cv/"",cv + ~ [(k.-l-a-z.)+( .;. J.1f"~(yel,)J
    l-0he~ M I e, rYt2. =. M. -So IV' Vt5 for h';1..
    h :.
    z,
    1_
    VI, ....
    (V7 ~2-~7.)
    FroM Talole A -lfE-oJ h, ~ 13('(.5" &Milt,. Tku.,s

    _ ( '00<' - t~O<1\) ~ ,. I lb,q. . II· '6lu. I


    ltt'1. - ( (314.$" ~/'b.) + 2. sa. 32.2 lb. ~/s: ,..,8 ~f.. rbf

    :: I~Sato3 BkA./lla
    I nte.rpola.·h·~ ,11\ Table. A- ij.t=.. cd:- 1'2-:: £.{o l~ II~~ l.-t~:. (~50.03 Btu I lJo 81~.s
    T-z. 0::. Co~{P. b OF < T~

    4- 28
    kNOWN:, ~e+V1al'\e ~(ts fLows .+kYo~h. ~. Ylo"Z.7-/e wi+k k-vtown ivtlef c..chd,;·-hoJ15 aV\d
    ct spa C:I f H!.tl ("a,~ e of ext-f ve.loctt I es.
    E1M2: PJo+ e,J{. i+ -/eVlllfe ra.fuV"tl- versus e~i+ ve-loct-'::1.
    SC#d6HA-TIc. I u-L'tIE-1V -PMA-:

    Me.-+MV\e 9'ts (c Uti ) /11 . 1/ I,! r t


    l~ !//I//I/III/Ilt/t.-: ,
    T, :.80°c. I -. _ _ - - ,500 ~ v: ~(Ooo 'MIs
    ~='O 'IVI/s ---:-:~> I ~ Tz. = ?
    I ~ - - -_ I
    ///1111/1//1/// 17;7;/; - -. I
    (1) 1//i7
    (2.)

    A-sSVMPTLOtVS~(_1) The CDVl+rol VOIl-tWle. is a.t sfeMtj s+ctte. (z) For..fl-te C#)'Ylfrol
    volM,.VMe Qc.v::' We-v: O. (3) Pof-evt,fia.1 eVJeY"a~ eftec~ CCt\iJ be IjY\o red ]:1') The
    l11e+IAQ.~e b~l-1a. VeS as ctvt ideal 3a.s.
    kNkf;YS/S: 51~ce ide«! roa.s , +l-te. ~)Ct+ +erneera,+u.re is
    itt::. hL-T) -tor-+l.te.
    oIefe,Yvn i V\e~ b~ -ev,d~, ~ h~ usi ~ s-leif)..J 5fak. WtQ.S5 C{£-1d eV1ev#'J "tl/Q.lAces~
    ~o \ 0 v; ~v: ~
    l-
    ~(":XV +- W\ (k ~-z.) -1-( z."') + 3 5"'-~~)J
    ( ) ::0.
    . [ 1 .:»:
    wt-teV"e h1,: ~1.:' ~. Ik.u.S wi+~ h =I,.,(.T)
    J a '2.
    o ~ h(T,) - t1CT-z,) + (V; -V""... )
    2.. I
    I ~
    ~ ...../s,.
    11c."J'
    10 j \J-IM
    I
    for ~ i", k.. J'/ ~ ~""o( \r I iA 'MIs.
    U.s I ~9 \T 'I ~.e fu.V\.CtllT')l\~ h(.T) -to: 'Me+~Lite. LCb4~) (is a.M. ld~( ~"-S ave
    acce~seJ \"'.eA.tlll~ ) a. v...tl dA.,k +ov- T4 ob~LAeJ USt rs ~ t-dtOf..,lJll\j
    lS cak.
    Tl.1.e re~c"'+S are s\t,oWl". O"V'\ -fi.-e 4\Cc:..oMpcn"'j ;"'5 -plot.

    IT Code 30 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    T1 = 80 11°C
    V1 = 10 II mls
    V2 = 550 II mls
    20
    0= (h1 - h2) + «V1 A2 - V2 A2) 12) * (1/10 A3) II kJ/kg
    -o
    o
    1f
    h1 = h_T(lfCH4 T1) •
    1f
    h2 = h_T(lfCH4 T2) •
    10
    II Using the Explore button, sweep V2 from
    II 500 to 600 in steps of 0.1.

    (]) Result for V2 = 550: T2 = 13.63°C o -+-----,--,------,----.--,-----.-,..-...,....---,----i---I


    500 520 540 560 580 600
    V2 (m/s)

    Frot"\ C~) J h LT"1.-1 -:. L1.cr, ) + (Vi -; \JZ.). TlAus) Cl,S \1""1.. \\Ac.r-eMes ~ ~ ('1'-z,) ~-ecreA&e.s.
    T\AVlefo'f€) 1"'L ol-e.cYe.tt5es QS 4.~te c-kct.
    I. A ,sClV'v\pl.e ccdctA.{ ech01i\ U6;~~_ ft.le. Cr. -tul'\ctt"Ol-\ -fro~ Tahle A-?' eva l~~("k.-l'IAe +0
    eV\~\p~ C~lZ. tv. C.~) t.cltfi.y-~s -ti'\l~ ('esu..lt. WI""~ IT,j -f1A.,s I~+e.q ra.,+l~ is
    v'I 0 -I-- Y\ec~sar~_
    4-2.<t
    PRoGLeM '1.2.1

    KNOWN: Heltum fL()w~ tttrolA.1h it we..ll-I;" su.la.l-eJ £ilD'2.Z.1e wifi.t kttOWh


    ConcL{:t/'o~
    a..t tlAe 1'i.1{er ~d exit. The WtCc~s flow YU+e is glv~n.
    FIND: 1)ejerM't1e +I1e €Xlt a.r.ea...
    SeHeMMlc. $ Gel \leA) DATA ~ ,.4."-II.J.. .@ r'£2.) T.. :: ~l900R
    T: -i,o oc» (I), ~ ..
    & - 0" ---;+- nozzle ~ & =50 Ibf"~~
    'J7 =l1S -I+{s ~iii'i;'rJ h1 = I Ibis
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I). The tonfYDI volLtYhe is 0'+ ,:jfeo.d~
    ~ttl:{e.(:z.) HeaJ-~nsfer
    i-s ne8/isihle and wc:" -='0. (3) 1"he. l1eJiu.~ heW:.t.ve.r 4S an ,'cltAt fjo"s.(lI) J:bknf,A{
    eVler~Cj elfecfs a.re.. n~ /i'f] iJ,le.
    ANM,'{cS!$: From the. Wt~s reie: balaMce) rh, ::. n1-a.: M. Wiff.t ~ ::~\i)I'ZT
    A ::. ~ 1J'2-
    1'l'2, ~

    .:rntrot!o.cl~j +l.te ide~J jQ..S 9,V.Cltl~ &~ sftA.i:t.


    A - W, ~T~
    "2. - v;, r~
    The. ex:i+ veloci+~ it tolA.Y\c1 (.(.Sl \A1 +Lte. s~~-sWe. enef9~ ha.i.tAM.c.e
    o :~vo_~o + m [(h,-l-t2.)-rca-~Vj)+ 8 ~;~)]
    froM Talole.A-21;+ke ~(.Lfic. hea..t Cp 8/- ~elU..t.~ is
    C :(5~) R. :: (S/: ) (I.~B' B~/lbmol.°R.) -::. I,2t{ B~/(h ,co
    p '2. \. 2. ( t. £>03 llo /Ut'm4l) r-;

    ..51 V\ce Cp is o: U1hSftM,t,t: ilrt:: t!p ATJ aNLe(

    v-;. :. J2 ep ( ~ -T,£) + "7 7-

    :. 2{l.24 B+u. )(bOD- 'iho)OR 132. 2, Ib.~s2.rI176 #-tl,jl + (I'1S~) te


    Lb·°.e I lbf. ' I 6 -kt ~ s

    FI£1ally
    I SL/S .f4-- (i,f- )
    (I 11/s) ( 4,003 l~ .DR (1f6oo~)
    A ':.
    '2. (2.t15t1 */5) (s e 1,*/1~2..)

    :. B. 35 >{/0- 3 ..p.f. 2.-4< _

    4-30
    f<fJOWIJ: Air .fLows i1.1.rC)Wj~ '" t)o'Z,"l.le W&'~ "JI\OW~ Cbn£tt"'h~ o-t ·Hte "lt1Jet (!nJ
    €J(tt, Heu.f -frans-fer f)C(.(...(./""S from tHe. ()ir 10 #Ie i5urrolA...,dJ~'s,
    EW.:D.,: 1)eter-rrlIVte fl1e h~(A,{- f,...Q.V\s.c.~,.. pe r Ib of a.i.,. flowi~,
    ScbI€MMl G t GI VErJ DA--rA I,
    -r, = l(,Oo~ -
    ~
    ......~>
    1'\o,'zJe I )- 72. ::: S W DR
    ~~o (11 ( ~ 1(2.)
    • f~" A~~-~ V't,:' 1500 -U-(s

    Qwl;"..

    hSSUmpn ON> : ( I) The c.onfrol VolLC.-me is at s+ea.&.~ sta:Ie, (2) For the CDntre I
    volu.me.) Wev :0.(3) 7iJe air- IDeL-ta.ve.s tt.t" an idfl~(8~. (4-J 'Tl1e. ,)...(e.t k,~e"'ic..
    e"er9~ ~n& f0fevd'(~f -ell1erq~ e«-ecAs Qr"e neg Ii, Ible.
    ANALV$I$: To deteY"rvJ 1'Vaf2. +l1e fa erAi- i-r-aV\sf..er) be~illt witLt ~e. .sfeAtL~ -.s.Ja+e.
    eneV'Sy .l4a.(a.HCe. 0
    . ,./0 ( \~2.\h 0
    0: Qc.v -)XIc.1/ + ~ Cl.t.-h7.\ +k"'-L; ~)+~ c~~~D
    SO(VI~ 4r Q.c,,! ~
    Q' tv _ L _ L I
    v:
    V1..
    ~
    --:- - "1...
    W\
    ¥\ \ ..... ---
    "Z.-

    F,..o- T~b\t.. A-1,c..f: J ~t ~ l((2,OQ &.w..flb Q,~


    ~ '\. ~ l'2.'1. ~1 ~","", ( lb . 1\. ~s
    <lev Bk ((So 0 ~) 't../ t lb~ ·11 la"',-, I
    ~ ':. (( :2."t:~., - I i~ . oQ ) lb -t- '2.. 32.:). ~f.lb {~'" 11\.c+ lb~

    Q,,, Q./~
    ~ -=. -I~.q ~~ (tb <.

    ~ to. "'~Q.-l.iv eo c:."'V\ \~o\~ c fAA e~ ~+- "f~ to. ~Ul-\r.. +i'Q.~~ +t.l
    is 4.1"'"C>'-\, {.\..t. '1\.0 ~ 'l:'-le to h su-ro« Y\GlA \l\J S.
    KNOWN: Sfea.1lIl is dllCe.leva+ul LeA Pt4SSI'iA, ~'I'orJ.~h o: d. Zftusev-.
    FIND~ De+eV'Wllilie the exit pre~su.r"e.

    SCHE.MMlC t ~ \VcN D&-rA- ~


    ............,
    . . ..
    1ilIIIiiII1llIIIi .....~~
    m
    = ... i
    P, '=14.7 Ib.J=/~ --ro'.....
    -r: =- 300°;= I ,I .. SQ.t. vopo("
    . ke 2- -= 0
    V;-= so» #(5 (I) , 2)

    ~ :.-lq.Sq 5\-u/llt
    A5SUMPTI ~NS. : (I) The control .v()/u..!:,e i~ a.-f s-fea.~Cj sfa.1e: (2) For fl1e Uir\,fr-ol
    vol-un1e.) lNev ::' o . (3) 7he eled' KUf\ehc.energlj r c )'\~Ii5L~e.tlf) Pf!>-Iet'ltla/
    ene~~ e.f..kc;f.c' ~ re n~ ll'~ j ble .
    ANA:k~~ Arf'J'~j +k ene,~~ ba.IA~ce Q..-f s~~ s~~e -lo tJet [.,a

    o " Qcv-Xv°+ m (Ch,- h..) +lr,~t- ~~)]


    Wke re, ~,;: M" :s M. Th,o.s
    h.", :. de-v/ aM + k I + v; 7-z..
    From Table '+~'1e {;lot P, ~l'l.1 IhP{iu~ 7;:.30001= ; hi::' 11412." 6/1.4./'''. Ivaser"'f,Wj
    values
    1-... " (-,'i. 5'1 BI«/Ib) +(lIq 2." alo<f '10> +- ~.sOO~) l'I~SJ 132.: f:~~/S.I,,~ '::"bfl
    = 111'8 i!>#-v.llio
    The. pf'essu.t"€ a.f -Ute exi f is flt,e Sa. -kAt"a+to".,.. presSc,t('e ccf'Yespond'V\j W
    h, ::. 11,. :. /I'" 8 Blu/ih. From Table A-.3c.
    ~: bo l/,f/ilA'Z..~~ ~p
    ';L
    ~
    P\«)8LEtYl 4- 3 0
    KNOWN)' DA-+ .... ,'£ provicLed ~ C1\. o.fiu.ter at s-kc..et't strA-ft l +"-"olAj~ Wt...·~
    Q.'I'" t'J, -f-<....v.." ".}.
    r-'~O: 1)..e.+-.t~"'"'" ~A..A.Ho c:;~ ""'-t f<-.-v fA~~ . . . To +l.A.a ~ ~c.AJ 6..('~~
    0. ... ci ~ ~:t fe_f .....01{...v.. ...~.

    P,z. ::. 1.1 ~ iQ......


    AIR..
    T1.
    p. '=- l 104!-Y"
    1i '=- 300 l<. v;::. -:: t I.( 0 "N\ IS
    \I(-:.2SO-/S 16.2..
    A\

    ~S~U""'PI(O~t: I· Tt-. e..:-W-O I V'Oluw..Q S~I.&>~ ~ -t4 Sc.c...o """~'c... Vi -t S1-c-c(7


    S+-.b.. t, FO.. +L Co~ M/uotv~ I aic.v:=. wc:.v ~ 0 J fO~#\'h'~ -e 1A..&r'7
    fA..,..
    e ~c..-b. c...... ~ t':; "'-Oi't.cL 3· A,.. ~ ~~ ~ ea- .. cLa.....t , D.4 w.~ e:..c .....d'Cll..,J 'r.
    A~A'-'(rt"': T~ ~'t ~ lQ .... l .... "'~ (e......c:l-<l
    • •
    \'\-\1. ~ W\, ) OV"

    A... ~ ~ A.l..\l7" ~ Aa..~ ... A,V"; A (P.) ) v'I\


    1,)"l,.. 't1j <. lT101 ~l (¥-7./if) => A~ =: t (~: (~J (I)
    T'- ~a +"""fltr«.~t"t.,T2 I ~ lca-c 0 10 ~'lIl EO c:=l u S 1'':!J ~ ~j~ r~ to ~ e.t..:
    O:.~- ~v + ~[ ~\ - h, ~ ",-"_\fj1...
    1,..
    +& ~1.)]

    L ~~ i-~_.-!:.
    'L V"'-
    V\'to I 'l.. 'Z-

    U~ \~ ol~~ {:.,. 0 - T o.blc. A -"2. "L


    ~ .... ~(500.lq-.:;)+
    kS ( 2. S 0 '1. -
    ::4
    (4.( o'L )
    s'L
    1M'" LN
    \~,W\/s'"
    II l l<. 'S'
    looONW\
    I
    =3=tl. (, «.( \,r Il,~
    Th e"" I '\ '" +t r ~ e l ~ ~ V\ T(A, bIe A -1.L. ~ r h" ':. ~(., L (, Co( \t. 'S I ~-'
    Q. \. \
    T"t,..
    T '1- ':. ~2.l. 3 K ....;;:c.,..------------------
    ReA-v.rV\ \ ~ ~ E" 5. (I)

    At.
    A, ~
    ( l bar
    1.1'3 b.. ~
    )(J'J..l. ~K.'" )( ~('-(so ~~ Is )
    300 0 IS

    4-33
    PRoGu:M If. 3 I

    ~NO WIJJ A\ ir -f-V"1erS +ke di.f·h.lseK c:l.+ +~e. """Ie. + of 4. j d e.VVj\~


    a..,\II.e.( o.ecel-
    ern,fe.s 10 zero "elo(,i~ be.tof€ (lV\.-\-e".,'hj +l...e je.+ e~\",e\s Cl.>V\4.r(e$Soc-.
    fl No·· DeteV'rhiil\e +ke +e.Y\I\.pertt-k,,~ e>4 ~e. aCr e\1,~\~j -\-"'-e c.c~r~s'o(".
    SCIl-EMAnC t !1rlllHl DA-TA: I ~
    C-,;::
    ( =::---
    'I_~
    Cornpres~or-

    I
    \l: = 1000 )l.M/ k V-t',_---I~
    \ ---+ lji
    , - "~!--._.........
    f, =- o.t; bttV'"
    T. ::. B DC I
    i
    I
    (11 1(1-) v;.:.o
    A:>t:.;,VMPTLOA)!>: ('~ The c..o~tf'l)1 volume. iSGLf .sf(l().d.Cj sfa..fe. (2.) Hect.+
    f-rn.n>.fe,r irs n~ligl~Je. o..~d W(.,,:..o. (3) PofeV\+It:t.1 e~e~9~ e)'-f.0-c;fs ct.V'€.
    0')')~li~ible. .(4)
    The a-ir bel-ta.ves A.$ (1.\1\ Iclea,ljCtS'.
    kNAL'i~I!.: S{~c.e h:= hc,) for CUll "d~ 94.~ ~ tft~ e.Kit +e~f:e,trQ.+u.ve
    C411 ~ 1t>u..~ b~ eVAlUO<..fI~j 11.2.. 8e~\l."\V\.lY\1 WL+'-' t-he. ste.oll'j-sWe
    ehe,r~'j bctlcu\..e e, 0 0 0

    o : ~~ f-";' ((h,-h~) +- Cv;:~ t- 3(i!, -i!s ~


    where. Wa, = ~2. s ~ > o..V\.tl u.s I Y\j a.sSU-Yhpti~(3)
    () ~~, -h"1.) +- 4.. V;""-
    h'l. =. h + i~-z..
    l

    From ralol..e A-2.2 j h, = 2.@,. 3 k~ l~ , tJtM.&


    h" : ~81.3 t; ~ i (IJtIOCDr~ ~: I~b~;: s ~ If I ~·~Is ~ Jl'~~N~~ I
    :. .3 I 'i.q ta I k.j

    IVl-fe.rpoltt+i",,~ ~~ To.ble A-Z '2. ~ T~ 'XI 3Iq.~ 1(4~-------------

    I, n,e 4.pp"CAbi';+y D+ fhe icJf2A1 fJ4.S 'YIilodel tAllt be c.keclc.eof b'j


    reiereoce: +0 fl1e CoYlApr.essihOitfj cl-tc£rl-.

    4-34
    kNOWN: l<eklqetAJ 13<.( ~ P4SS~S +h(,ou~h o.n IVlSU lec.fe.fA d i,ff (Lsef'. Daio: a.~
    /<:n.OWI1 ct.:/:: +he. ,'nlet (A.l1d -t:.xtt.
    T

    Ii::300 l'-of!J"",2.
    V;~O

    '1T
    ASSUMPTlONS : (I) ~e consro] voLume is a+ .sf-ea.t1fj s/-tJ.k. (2.) Titre hea.t mJlltfe¥-
    is n~U8i1()le 'tYl& Wev =0. (3) Pt>-teVl11.·tt.1 eYlel'Y.J':i e+Fe£.fs fMI\d k,.,e:J-ic -eMe'-'::1 a.t
    ex (t c.o,~ he V1e~ Jecfe.J,

    ANM.Y$'s: The ek'l+ pr-essu.re i.s 8,Ve.I1, The slak i.r flxeJ h'j 4e:len.»l,Y1I~ h2,.
    'Usfll\~ o: ,tea!j- siak erle.~~ b~lfU\c.e I)

    ~ "''./'' 0+ ~ [ l£t.- h'l.) + <.\f;•"L7.


    () :: jJJ{'v - ~c.v
    ;.../' ~~ a J
    ~ 11.) + :T (J1-~'l.)
    where. m. :: M1. =-~ . .56h/lkj foe- h-z.
    h ::. h + 'E....'1.
    2- • 2-
    Frort'1 Tocble A- Ii e) ~ Fr=·{()O ~:~ ... hI:: ~ = 1l;).4lo 8k.t/lb. rku.s
    h :i (/2.Do .ff2./ S' 2.) . I ' ' of I
    = (12.4Co el-«IIJ, +
    2 3 2 . 2 . Ib·fHs)..
    4
    I 8~
    778fl--"~.f
    I
    :: ll.((.~O ahA-lib
    .IV\te("polevh'''''3 .iM. T()~I~ A-l"ZE" a.:t f"1.= ~oo \L.f/\·&1\~ h'2.= l4l.~O 6+U/lb~,-ve.s

    ~~~~~ h

    4-35
    PROe,~~ IJ. 33

    kNOWN: Caroon o,toxic(e flows #lrt/G<,h 6. well- insu.(akt'l diU user {)Jj~ k.lttJWh
    to1IltUt/~s tAt ~ iklel- a~ .(xit.
    FINO'. 'DeteV'WlIV\e. +ke e~lt ft~ra.lurc.aMVt pressLl"~ o.M.e-l +k.ct MCASS f{~H~le.
    scHeMA-Ttc. t (i,.lVW DATA:
    CDz. ~ A'2./A, -=-30
    p':2.Dlbf/l'",-a. :. o\iffu,er : .. \/;,:zof+{s
    7; =-500°1< (I) l ~ -1(2.) _....
    V; :: BDo Pl-Is I / I / / / II 7 s '
    -~ //~
    Al ~ 1.4- J\.\ /•
    M,SUMPiloNS:(J) The control volu.l11e. cs a.f steady sl-a+e.{lJ He.atfrt.tnskr/~
    l1e~liffihJe a.~d Wev =0. (3) Po+ea-ttia.( e"e~j ef.(.ec.h ave Y1e.6IitJl.ble.cl.fl tt-e carkM.
    &cox iae be£t4ve~ es (l "" ideal fJa.~.
    ANALYSIS: Slhce h =-hl.T) -for- Alit i:dea.19IL&J the e)tlt temp-e('t~:kNre. c.c.eM. he ~
    bfj ev~luCt/-I~ h2.' a~,iI\)\''''5 lIJi+~ +he. .sfe~ - ~kfe.. eH~~ b~ltlM'e

    D =~ cv - .,.w e v + M (t" - h7.) +C?, ) +j ~ -~."\J


    ;/-0 ,:.;to '( \r;' ~ v: ~ ,~~ 0

    w~e(.e M1 <. rh2, =~. SolvlYlj .far 1-t~) dM VloI-l~ flNa.t h :: h/..M.
    L _
    Y\-a., - h, -rC
    Y;2_ v-~ 'Z,
    '2.. )
    -
    ~ hz.:' h,
    -
    of
    (v:I 1_ v::~2 ).M.
    2.

    whe\'"1l M LS fu V\1.olecu.l((r welSk.t. FrOM Tttbl.e.A-;l:lE..> hI:: 010".2. SkllbMof


    M'\d
    - h :. 310<..'2. ~
    2. ~bNol
    or ( 8002. - 20'2.) tf:
    1.
    21
    1 I Lrilf I 1('( .01 16 1/ I Bk.
    s· iJ2.2 'b·f.J1s~ "l,.w\ol· 7784!f.tbf
    I
    :: L{2~B Sf« I \'0 mol

    In+e r pO\oJl ~g \"" T~ble A- 23 E.; 1;. ~ 563. (, DR. ~E'----------­


    To ~e.t 'P'&. ) be~\", (.\)~t'" m, ~ M•. ,\A..,us
    A, \T; = ~'). \f.i
    '1.J' , ''IT"'2..

    wit"" "p v:: RT

    :~ (A,~) :: ff~(A~~)

    ~ "Po [~~)(*l~\ ,,~o ~)t5;~b)f3Io~{~)


    =. 3 c. Oh 110+ I,v.~~<:.- --+,;"c,
    Fi~"JI tJ J -fk.fl. M('(.SS -/l,DUJ V'rdtZ. i.s
    \i, :. (A, V;)fj ~ (I. tf ;h~)( Boo HIs) (20 lJ..f"'"lI\2..)
    RT, ,
    (I SCi;?' ~ )f.SooOR)
    4~.DI ~ \-
    :: 1.2.1" i/ol s ~< ----:.:...:..
    t<tJOWU: Air eXC'GlVl~ +t1f'oWljh o: t(;Kblne wift.t kflOwn ~t-l~ a.f ..;t.e
    j.,lera-Vtd exii-. Tne. power developed ;S krlDwn,
    FIND: ])efermJ'Vle tl1e. 'IYttL'-St-IoiP ~e And the e~it are«:
    ScHEMA-TIc. S GrIVEtJ twrA:
    ,
    tur
    'P,:: '0
    b~r
    T;=QOOK P"2, =I "ec.r-
    \I-~< if:. 7i. ~
    v, 2. SoaK
    v-;. :: '00 'tl'\/s
    A-5SVMprLONS ~ (I) The (OVlfrDI volUMe is (J.+- sleo.tl~ sf-ale, (2.) /-teed -framsfer is
    "Y\ea' il(j ible. (3) PojeVJ.tia.( eYle(lj~ e.f.f.ec:fs tlt\.& (~l""e+ic. ell1er9~ J +he. ,,,,Jet CAt!
    Q) be JIl~Jeckd.(l#) The ttir.behttVes as: a.~ id~( BAS,
    ANA-L'I~I$: 'B~i'" w,flt a sfe.0.4.Cj-sWe (Vle~a~ baLAVlce

    o ~ ~o .kS{c.v -
    . ..I'~o 2.. .". ~ 0
    W'V ... \-V\ ( (~,- "'~) +~;.\r, \ +<j (~-~~))
    where ~,= \'Yl}, 'a M. .solvl~j .fer m
    ,

    .
    W\ ': - - - - - - -
    w(V

    (h\ - k~ ) - v;. ~
    '2-

    Ff'()Vl1 Taklc2 A-22. j hI:' 'l32,et3 k.,r/I~ ~ h1-=- 503,02. k::r/lcs . Tku~
    , (32QO \<ow", I IJ/s/j 1c.\tJ
    m ::.
    ('<32,Ci3 - S03,O"2.)k.:r/b - (JOo2.2..W\:ts~,I l ~ 11 I k:r 1
    'J \ 7 k,· Yh ls 7.1 loltJ,,,,

    :. 1. 53 k~/.s E-<-----------------~
    Th e ex (1- a. V"€.eL ,:S
    A :. 1l"~~;. RT2.~
    2- v: r'2..v-;.
    ( 8. '3\ '4 "-T \
    _ \.'2-8.1' ~)(SOOK)( ,.S3 \c.:5[S)! I bAr 'lo 3N.f\'\

    - (I h",r) ('00 'MIs) lOS NI'(V\'2. I \c:J'

    l. The ctfplicab (/it, 0+ -fte.L 'idee] gAS moe1e I CGU\ he c4eckeel h':j
    re.te-V't-Vlce. +0 -r~e. COV\1pV".ess·, bi li~ chq,rf;

    4-37
    k.~ou:>~: .Ali" el<po.V\tI.$ +hr-ol:'t3k a.. t-u..vl~)\Vte. wi+"'- k,v\owV\ c.o'Nit+10Y\S a-t ~e.
    lll\le. 1- ex vt&' e..¥ 'ir. 11te. h-lle.i: VV\ 0.. S So t-low 'r£l,te. 0\.""& +\A.e q>owe.r
    tteve.lope~ ~V"e .9lVe.~,
    EINo', 1)e.~e\('YV\\\Ae. +'he. e')( it teY\'\p.e. Y'~-\- u.re.,
    Sc. ~ E,MkTlC 8 Gd" Eo tJ 'D !rr~·.
    Air
    p. =t<DO I b.f./ ilA.'2.
    T L = (SlPO DR
    ~ =-lO. 5' lb/$ ~ ::. ll(.~· ll»f/l~2.
    (2.)

    AS5lJMPTLQN$ : (I) The. c.oV\tr~\ volu..me.. is" 0.+ s-t~ s:~+e..~) H~tk~fer
    rr. isne!1\\<j\\o\e..(3) k,\<\(:hc o.~ 1 0 4-e Vl+\c:t{ €V\e..'l'9tj e~<2.ct.s o..re. V\e.n\\~\b\e,
    o ('+) ""e. o..w- be,\l\.Ave~ Cc.t 0..'" ideAl 3Dl5 •
    ANM.'1$IS ~ $l·II\C.Q. h:. "'C:T) +01(' tl\l\ id~l ~cU. J +~ e)t'\+ +e~pe'('a:\·v.. V'e ca.V\ be
    fou..V\tA 0..1 eVtl.l'-\A·h'IAB n•. 6e~~",~\V\q Wl+"'- -the s1-ea.&.~-s+&Je. e.V\elf~~ 'oe.tlfA\\le
    o .: x:.vo-W,v + ~ ((h ,- h'l.) + lV7 ~ V; 11" ~ (~I-~"l.)J
    v,)her-.£ W\l ~ 'oM t.:' M ;> o,,\I\d. wi~ 6..~sv.."""f+\.~ (a)
    o :. - ~ (,'1 + ~ ( h, - hoz.)
    ,
    0'\ h"1. =--W'-'1/iv\ ..... h\ (I)

    u.. ',-! cl~+o. -Cr-o-"\ TlA.l)l--. A -~(.& .(2.0'- ~ I ~~ '","~.r~t~


    VO..{ \.\-e '> l '" -\-0 (l )

    "'"to : -
    (2SS0"~) I \'-'\ I 2s\ts8.f.cAfl,
    (l 0, S l b I s ) '3<.00 S ~ l h
    I ...
    B"""
    ~~S, 0 Cl lb
    -:. 2 \ ~ ,~ q ~"'-u ( (b
    r ",'\-t.rpo lCk{. \~ \'t'\ T CA.~ \e A - 21. C
    T"",
    T"2. ':. g ~ ~ . ~ R. 0 --.-=:..;------------~.::..

    t. ~e. o.~~ \; c. Q. ~ \ \ \ \.y ()~ ~ to '\ ell-Cl \ ~ o.!. ""'"0 d eo \ c. tA ""


    C ~ e. c k uA. ~ 'f r e. "t
    r -t. -vc e, ~o {.."" 0.. C 0 .-. '(> \"' e. S ~ 'l ~ ~ l \ ~'f
    C. ~r'"{-.
    PROGl,EM "I.3b *"
    KNOWN: A sfetLm fu.rb,'V\<l. ofer4+es tJ.Jf s+~ ~fo.-fe. wif~ k""DWVl jt)let fA,1\eI
    exit U>Vldiftolls. The. J>owev- developtUC ~ The heed- tr4nster
    rode: be.fwuY\ +he -fu.,v-bh1e aJtN:1 iTS Su.rrou-Hd'''':rar'e s-f'!c... fied.
    FIND: 'De.fev-n? l~ e t\'~ Volu.Merric -flow ('O--te.. G1f sfe.Al1-1 a.t +~c.. \"\ \e.:'-•
    .5cHEfltA.rl" t Cr'!I&1J 12,A.-ffi:
    S~M I-~-~ sec IW 1i1A2-
    ~o
    P, =500 11*1;1-\'" 00
    ~ ~
    ~ ::gOO°F ,,
    fi :.O.~ Ib-l hiA'2.. ,
    "2.::' O. q)
    '\S"
    .tSSUMPTlDAlS: (I) The cOrWrol VOIU.Mt. is a.+ steM~ sfa:le .~) KI~e+lc 0M.Cl Wo+elA.+14 (
    eV\er~j c.l.tAlItfJe5 -Ih>\'h i" let-to ex i.+ Ctht.be. n~ leol-eel.
    MJAL'/SIS: To ea-lCM.{o-l-e ~e. lIo(I4"'~ Cloul r'cr.:fe J b~i" wi~ ~~S A tAd e",er1~ rJe..
    ba.la,Kees -fey fle ON-IJ,\fe+, onf.-e)(i+ ~, volM.~f. ~ sfe~ sWe.
    o :: ~I -~" =t> ~\ ~ M1. ~ M o
    ... r. , v: ~'Z, ... L'!'t>
    o~ Qc.v - Wc.v + V\i\ l(h,- h"). ) +~) + ~ (yr-C"I,)J
    Sc:>JVI~~ .eor +:~e.. ~~S s -C-low rtA.A-e.
    ~ :. Q,v -Wc.v
    (h",- h\ )
    Table A -LfE.) 4:t p.:: 500 1".f/1~2J T;::. goooF,; ~, ':: (4l2.1 8./i.tlll~. From
    FrDY\1
    T~bJe A-3£) ~ P'&. ::.O.g Ib,f/,"'1..

    h2, ::. l-tf:a. -4- X 1- h~., 2-


    = (Co"J..1.f t) +- (O,Q1)(t 04 O.~) :. (0 -z..ct. <60 E~ I (b
    Tbs
    (-2.SXiO~Bkc./h)- (15,OOO"'.p) 1
    2S
    'i lS 6~1 "'1
    "'-e
    (t<n,cl/lO -141?.1 ) 6-k.t /11,

    =: lo.CDt{t"(OL( Ibl'-'
    1'" ~V\ I -' ~C>~ T ~b le, A-4. G' Q.i- Pc a ~ T, i v-. ~ 1.4'i l {;+'1 I lb.
    ~t. volu.W\.e. -C.loaw ~~~e. ~+ ~c.. \'" ~~{. (s +~e.."\

    (AV)1 ::. ~ ~ -: (l 0,(,1.( ¥ (0 If ~ ) (l.£(t{ I '\t)


    : I. $"1 (0 so .c.+) I", <:
    )C (AV),
    PRDf!JL.EM 4. 37~

    I<IVOW#J: A WGIl-'"vl SU lafed steArn tLu'b,he Of~ra;le&. d ska.t0- sfttfe wi}Lt Ic.II.CIPJ\
    il.t/~t OM" e;c;t (;()Ylelt"f,Ort.s. Th.e pow~r"" OlA.fpt-tt ().KJ. Mo.U flow raJe a.re
    .sp.eet-fied..
    f/N'Q: 1)e-kr-ml'~e fhe ;Y1/ef prefsure.
    r
    ~cbfeMMlC ~ 6-lVEIJ DMA,: I
    ,I II I
    STettvv\ Ij1.J-L L - - - / W~V::. 23 MW
    r; =3C60 DC I "
    V; :: 35 MIs '~ I turbl ne P2.:: 0.0" hen'"
    ~ I saJ '1l'OfJ"'"
    / /17/-- -- 1/ 2. ~ =((0 '(tits
    I 1/1 / 1 m : <.(0 "ols 1)"

    ASsVMPTlOAl~: (I) The ~I V6lume. is 0.:1- stea.~ s+t:vfe. (2.) Heo.~ frrA,nfte,... eAV\..
    be n~ (ec.:fee(. (3 J rh e pck 1ft fl t{ ( elAeY9 ~ cl<CL lU) e .from ,,~le t: +0 ex ii: CA /1\ h~
    es
    11 IeCfet;l.
    trN),{,VSIS: The +e~"Q:"""('e (~ lcnoos» o:t f{,..e., '~let. To tlK -lice illite'" sfafe.) n,
    is deterfl1'lIled 'USli1~ "m.Ct.{;S Q. \'\.& e~e~~ ba.laMce.s. f(>f' ~ c.ot'\trol V8l.u~
    ~"~"
    ~::a ~,-l1i1~ -T' Y\f\'::~2.::rtt\
    .
    Oh\cl ~o . v: 2. v-; 4. ._ ~ 0
    o =A~v - We" + vY\ [(hl-~'Z.) +C' -'2, 1r) t-9c.J1"~2.)]
    Se>IV'~9 for h,
    . V:~\T:2,
    hi ::. ~¥ ...... h'2., +- ( '2. Z. ' )

    trom T4bl.e A- 3 -krr stJl~rdeJ. \Io.p~'(" sd: fz.=-o.o" foa.-1'"; h2, = 2S67.~ levI/CO'
    ~s
    ()'3MW)
    h\-::'(yo~ls)
    1'0
    I
    i
    kW I
    .
    .

    ~'IJ +~S'''7-'f~)+
    - l(~02_3S~)M"3, I1~.m($'1.II
    2. ti»
    'N \ l::.:r
    l03N-W\I\
    I
    ~ 'S1l.{q.O bJ/~~

    In+eV'pola..f-I~!t ;It\ Thlok A-tt, u>'d~ ~ =~CDO c>c ~ k, =. ~1L('i.O l,~(~ 9\'ves

    Pi ~ 2 s. 0 hit\'· ~< -I+-


    Ic:~Ol.4,lN', 1::>....+.... 4'e pl"'ov;c::l.ecl ~t" c.. +~,..blV\<"
    l.t.I 1M (,.""'- t--J~ ~ a.
    .e.-ac: tp" 1'\ c:L.' ~
    .E/~O~ D~~t'~t'\e. f't.- fo~r ~-e v« Lof-ed..
    SCI+~f'Y)""·tlC <!GllJe~ J)1'\7fl-:

    •
    (i.). cv ': _ I'=> B~llb
    ~

    Nz..
    Pz. =. "Z.o l#of /; it 1-
    PI ~ Sb \bf Ii..1- Ii :. 1-00 0 It
    1j ':. \000 oR...
    \Il ':. 'LbO .f-+lr ' \fi:. '2.HIS
    ""D I=' '2..;..r ,

    ASSV~PTIO"'C;:: I· T~ c.ol'\-h--ol VO(III-'1-e \1-1.01.4)1'\ """" +/...L. rc.~ lAAAh'c l't -,+S-#e..d
    s-t.-I-t. "2, For ~ ~~\ ~LUw-t) ~ ~~~ .......... ru~",hoJ.. -e INlr31 fr~ jilt let
    r
    ..fo ~;+ ~ "'t'~' j l'b le, ~, kJ.' +vo~ "" ~ ~ u..-La. d 4.0 t:L-..c.c::!.A.....J J AS ,

    ANAl."r'$li: rt. cLuc..:"'5~ o..~O ~""et"~'a reo ~ 10" lAH.U"j

    -+r-,,}]
    \Mo.a.jS

    0::..
    ..
    ~tv - W t v "'" ~
    L~\ - 4"L+ 'If';~
    1 ~ 0

    v..h" __ cQ tv "* ~ l ~t - 4't -+ v:'l._ 'J;'"J


    ""1-

    1M
    •

    = O.S"T U_/s

    e"'~1 d.o..~ It- -.. 7....&..lt. ,40- G~ e A." cl Clic.v: (Qev/~ )(~)

    [ _ t'=-ISI~J[O.
    ...
    5'1.J.Rb ] -to
    S
    e. ~':\-le.t(f. "'11· 't - ~B''I''i) 8~
    s L (z.~..o\ Llo/I.rwo/J lb ......
    +

    rL1.00#'s)2....
    l:---':""':":z.--=---
    (:z.f.tt~)2.11 ~ L.4 "'of
    \\.f- HI s '2.
    1 f>W-.I]
    11~ H·llof

    ':' O,S~ l -If. +7S.44 ' + 0.8J ~


    , 3 -1.3,+ at- L~~./h \\ 3~~S \ .. 4~· Sf! "f

    4-41
    14tJoVJtJ: s+u~ exp't~s fhro&.l't, A. we..tl-,;"'su 'a.fed fuyb, Vie. (nlerGl~d ext-\-
    c..o\,,\(.l.Lh·o~ ol.'re k.lA.Ov..H 'l) tl'r'\Gol -rke. exi,t oli~~e+er is 5\-Ve.~.
    F I t-J p: 1'10+ +"'~ rowe,,"" Jevelor4.~ blj +~e. +u.ylo\ ""e. Ve..Y'HlS ex 'tt ttU.4t l+~ .
    Sc \'t5/v'\A-TlC ; G\ ~"et..J 1>A-TA '. \ \." 7 4 ""P",
    \\' t\.
    F=4MP4t:~o~v- \\ \
    ...!- 0 (I).. stelA. w\ I-'-+----'
    I, :. 3 2.0 C \ eu.rbj~e P2.: O,D7"'tP~
    \/;::0 ~ '\ v;, ::'10 mls:
    \\\ d1.:. 0.<0 rn
    '\ IAPa..
    o.er ~ x~~ /,0 0.07

    ~SUMPTlQtJ.s: (I) ,ltte. cowrro! vol«vne.i.s Glt: .steGl.d'j


    Sfa.+€?(2.) He.A-I -ff'QVlS~ is t1~Ji,i1oJe.(3) I<I~ehG e""e~~ e:tt
    t1Ae.. Iwl~t ~I-\cl fo-te ....-h.al eV\e('B~ effects' Are. Yl~lifJilole.
    ANALYSIS: To cA~rM 1l'\E, +he p<>WQ;I(', U,S(L tke eV\e~i b4lGt"tce, at .5hA~ skk.
    ~~~ We v + ~ l(h,- ~z.)+~~:~ )+J (~c.-~1)1
    o
    w ker..e. M, :. ~~:. ~. Wi+h t4,SUV\f\.p·h.o\;\ (3)
    Wtv ~ 'M rL (~I- h't, ) - '2. ~
    ~] (~)

    EV~hA.,*, ~j fl.-le +low 'l"o.ie


    yY\ec.SS

    -M :. A-a.\l;. _ 1l d; \f;.
    "1.J'"-z.. - ~ "\J"-z..
    I
    SAMple. Ca..lc.u.l<&~ : X:to.'iJ p-rorn Te.tbl.e A-Lf at f, ::: 4~P~ ~ 40 blAV) -r; : 3 2.D .c.~
    we. ~e.t IA ~ -:. 30/ S,~ ILT/,c:s. Ft"'OVh Tc;tlo/~ A -3; "\1'2.:' ,.03')(/0-3 + (.ct I( 2.. 'ie-oS - J,03~Xti3)
    ~'1f",.-::'l.'~8~~IICj' .s'lMi\",Yl~} h'1.= 31&.70 1"(.cn(~r283.3) :'2'13/."1 lcS/l~. ~OW)
    fravrJ (,~ J{)
    . 7\ C.l, )2.'M'2.(o.a 0 vvats):. k /
    ~ :. .,.
    AC :Z./ 2 8ft, ~07. ./",,)
    "'::J
    lUI'S j.s

    Now) -rn,P\ (,~)


    W<v< VI.1S ~) [<3
    ~ (,'12 7 k.W
    01
    S. '/- 2 Y3,.7j:; -C\:1~:I, k~'~/$~1 !~~: IJI1'~~ I ..
    7000 - " . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , IT Code
    6000
    p1 = 40 II bar
    =
    T1 320 11°C
    5000 p2 = 0.7 II bar
    =
    V2 90 II m/s
    ~ 4000 =
    d2 0.6 11m
    =
    x2 0.9
    'S~ 3000 h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = hsaLPx("WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    2000
    v2 = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    1000 mdot = pi * d2"2 * V2 I (4 * v2)
    0= -Wdot + mdot * «h1 - h2) - V2"2 I (2 * 1000»
    O-t--,---,--,.--,---,---,-----,,.--,---,---; II Using the Explore button, sweep x2 from
    0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 II 0.9 to 1.0 in steps of 0.001
    X2

    4-iZ
    PR.OBLE.M 4.40

    I<NDwN: ~Mev-+{()WS :ft'1('O(A1~ (J.. h~dr(,lulll~ +u.rbli1:- wi~ kltov4t\ ec-Y\ttt::fUhr5 etffl..E.
    ,,, leo#- ~ eXtf. 7lie power- o~:fpuf IS ..srec[f,ed.
    FIND: ])~feV'm ' ' <:? -the. rna.<s oft ow t"a*e.
    SCl+e.MMIC i trllleAJ PA-rA-:

    6$'lJMPnOA!~ :(1) Tl-r.e cowir»! volu m«


    a;t sfea.~ ~fure.(2) Hea..t h~sfer is
    )(€9'i~'d,'-e.. (3) ~e$ ;1It ~Vl1pe~o.~re
    a-i&. fV"eSsu,f.e trort1 iVller fo ~ tf' ar-e
    is
    1
    i I -ll. = lO-
    .""
    1, :. Tz. .: 2-D Oc-
    R::: P2-

    W<.v ::. 500 ic.W


    ~I::t\
    'YI€.tJII:Jibie .(J.ll K,·~et(·c. ekerqj C().1l b-e.
    l1~!e",W o-t +l.1e i!"tef. (5) rAe. t1c.ce/~r­ ~ ~q. S' m/:s 2-
    af'Ltn\ et- ~r",vHq 1$ (.@I.6frJ.fII.,i. j j =f.8( ~ls. ~
    Vi ;: 10 yv,ls

    1JdV4~YrJIS: To t/~c( HIe rYlttss ftowrak J b~,i". (pi4-"'. .s-lea.J.{J sfrA..1.e.. ~S5 tA.l-\d
    energ~ nvl-e bo..lA..-tces
    0::.\'\1, -~"1. * ~l::' ~h ~ ~ 1/

    ~ 0 = L.~ We. + n:.. [<0:) +4)t-'J (~.-~z.\l


    w~er'e. -the. eiA-.ffIudp«j +e,YM is c()..t'\ce Ued beco..u.re 8'f ~ssu"'pfi~ (3). SolVI~j
    •
    Wc.v
    "r- z:
    - ~ + 5 (i!.. -e;&.)

    . (5l)C lc-W) f ~ \~;~ f


    vy\::'_-~--~--_-":"'''':'''''';~--'';'''''------

    (-~~)~i-l~.8IW2.)(toW\'\)lllN .11 'lc~


    )J 1~·""'sl IO~N'tv\
    I
    - 10,'-1 0 0 Ic.jt s 4l=<----------------~

    4-·43
    P20&6M tI.4/

    JqJOWN: Sf~Wl ruses .j.-1.1.V"()~" p.. wetl-l"'su;(a.fe.d ei(-Iv"~cft~ -kc,Yb,;'e wi.J.-i-t kvtOWM
    col\d,.ifltms CLf f£te. I~/et ~~!.:>l ii-s. 7£te. power oul-('UT is gt.VtWt.
    f,Nt>: D.e+ev(hl~e (0.) -fhe. ~S"s ..f~w v-a.+e 0«-+ e~ e~t+", aM.d. Cb) +ke. c;{L·"YMe4e..,..
    of tke cA.l.Lc..t w~e '!'e.. st~M is e~fy(J.c+eJ...

    SCf4.GM,j--Ttc. ;. ql vs./tJ .:l>1=Td: ,


    -I---~ ~ tJ\PA. ~3o ~V"
    400·c
    --t>
    r, = 3MPa I
    T, = 400°C I
    CAV)j = 85 m 3/min - - 2" _
    P2 = 0.5 MPaJ
    T2 = 180°C
    V 2 = 20 m/s

    ~UM(?TIO")~~(I)Th~ (oV\W"'o, vol\A.V\Il.e. ks a.+ s.+~~~ s.~-J.e... (2.) b/ea.+


    troM.s+er i~ n (l.8"'~ih'e... (3) KIIAe..ti.c ~ ~ofeNJ t-iC41 eVlev"~~ eueci« c.a.~do.e
    n~/ect~~.
    ANAL )lsl.s:~)To cA*(ml~e -the ~ss flow w.u\-e s ~'2. (A""J ~ 3 ) Ioe~ tlA. WltlA
    e, W\fA,>S v-Clk bGll~c.e..
    J~o... ....... " .. ..
    ~ = VV\, - W''\..-V'v\3 ~ W\3 :. W\, -M.. (~)

    UStv., &to 4.'" 10) wi+l.i ~ ::: O,D~q4 V\'l3/1<.~ -tYOl'\1 IQIoI.e A-4
    -M \ : '" \T""l.
    'U""l
    : (85 ""'1"",,,,
    c. oCicti M3/1~)
    JI' I; M\LA
    <. 0 S
    14 v.,
    .2.5 -;jJs
    Wi""'''' ~\ ~Y\..owV\) (~ ) \l\4StLuO lA.V\ 1,-\I\.OWhS. A~~ev- rela.'+"LO'1"·~ o~~ee.(
    u.s,"'~ t~e eMetfSlj 'l'c.e.tez. ~fA.\~IA(.e.

    ~O:)lc~-W,v" "" (L..~~)- w...(h&f~~) -"".( "3~%+'3~)


    wl.tev"e -K.-te ,t\J..i c""te~ flf2..V"~s ec.V'.e. detQ.-fecl bc..s-e.& eV\ +he Q.s'Ut-t-ipf-u,y-s. ,.~
    <9 ::.... W,'i -\- ~I ~, - ~'2. '-' 2. - ~3 ~} ('*~)
    W\~~ (*) \ WQ.. (Q,V\ '(~~e. (.f(.A'-) ~, +0 llDl,&)~
    o ': -~(;v + ~ \ ~ \ - M:l. """l..- (~ \- W. 'I.) '" ~
    :. - WC\1-+ 'tV". ('" \- \A ~ \ - M1. ( h .. - ~1. ')
    Soh, \~ ~ -f.o..r 'M 'l..
    •
    •
    - WCV -+- ~, t~,- ~~)
    'tv\ '7.. :.
    (~7.-"'1.)
    F'(0\1\1\ T~~\.e... A'4) ~ \ :. 3'2.3o.C1 \c..:I' ~ Q.~ 11\1.': 2. 8(2.0 k:r Il,,,. The $pec.t','"
    .e\l\-t\A(A\~ A..t 3 is J.eJev'M\·li\etA US\~ ~ -ft-oyY\ lodo\e A- ~
    '-"'?»'::. "'~~ +X~ h~93 -:. \51.'S3+ (."I)24l5.CJ ':. 2.32.5.6 \c..'JU'j

    4-44
    PR03i,e~ 4.41 (CQHf'd.)

    j,IJserf,VJ, va lMt's
    .
    t\;12 -
    _ - (II :too /<w) I I~: I..
    J (Ii. 25 '~)( ~ 2. 30.Cf - 2325.1') 'g
    ~
    ( 2- 8/2 ~ 0 - 2. 32 S". B) Ie. JfJc,
    :. ~.D8 '''/s '= 11088 ~/'" 44 ~Wls.

    ~OW) WI.}~ ~'3:' M \ - oM '2..

    M ~
    ': (\4.1..5 ~)
    S
    \ 3_
    I
    0 0
    \1\
    ! 1- "088 = 40 I
    2.''2. 1c:.9
    1:\ ...- - - - - --M~.,
    (b) A+ e~ .,+ 2. 1 wi.+~ AA~..wot'-1 Talole A-t

    A : -M--z. "\,)2. -: (3,08 k5/S )(0.4045 M~"'-) '= 0 .Ob"2.3 V\I\~


    c.. ~ (20 'MIs)
    I {' 4 A:;'
    OIL. =. IT :. D.z..82 ~ 41.......- - - - - - - - - - - - - -d 'l.

    4-45
    PRoBLEM 4.41.
    KNOWN: Sfu.Yh p",s~es fkro~'k ~ el<+...ac+L~1f\ -fu.yi,IH~ epero..l-l~ J ~ state
    with krl ow iVlJe t ().~a .exi+- COVlk""fi O'Y\S. The. powt.,r- oUfpuk is spec.t+l~d.
    FINn: Deferm.v,e (al Hte.,M.I-et ~.s flew rak,(I,JfI,e dlaMe..fe.rott-ke-eJ(+rActIO)\d.uct
    SCU.EMA-TIC. t GolVeN DA-m:
    \.

    --t> 1 c!,,_.t"""':;'S:'''~ v; ~::cP9lu.1~


    p., ::Ihoo Ibtlililt. ~!:;
    ~ :. loooOF :'::-:";;~;,_,,
    "~-' '"
    .\:;:~~,;.~,~ 3
    'Ii: 2 f t ' 2 . P3= I IJ,flik2.
    .s ~.::1. '2.2 tAl
    p~ =. I(PO l/rfltJl\'I. / X 3 :. o.ss
    '1;. = 'tso°F ~ \fj ::r ISo His
    ~= LDfHs

    ASSVY"'PT/Ot-.:>S", ,. A C'o""iv'Dl VotlJ_~ ~"'c..to,,.~ +"-.. (-tA.rb,·tI1e. I't AT- s~


    s+a.~· t, ~ 1'1- ~1vo1 VOI<Jf,;UJj ~ .. + +r4ill..t~ A""~ r-o i-c .... n·.....c... -t ~
    eijec.-ft OA'~ l;\e~~lbl~, • • t

    A~A.LY~'IS:{6.) 10 ~fI\c:l ~I) o-pply ~~SJ' rA~ b""lAHce: tl"t": Mz.+!N\3'


    T ......, S\ .... ~ ~ .. /.:.l ':. o.'l.L J c....~ ~ ~3/~, = O'TB, ""~t.l ~fl17 4."'\

    -ell'o~ ~ b .. l(.l~U~
    o r , r '" v::l..J
    O-~v-\iJev +~,C.~I~ '5:1-2. ] -
    1..
    lM"L~t~] -\M:rL 11- ~
    ""Ir.u.. ~ ~lt'",,"....t ~ "'(> r ~ ~ ... -.s ~t'-(> o~d "a
    Co ttv- pi', """ 2.. ~o/vcy

    d2..
    KNOWN~ .'\\·r is c..o~p'('~sse~ ~+ ste~d.~ .s+(.(.fe .f.roV'V\ ~ ~\VeV\ t~lti,d ~+Qte. -tOeA.
    ~ \ V.ev\ +llAA I ?(e,sure. T~Q. M~>S .flow is lc.t.-t.ow",\ J ~\A.& e~ t.(,tAl t Qf ~A.~~
    L\\A.c1ev00e.s ~ ~ec.if\ec.( ~'(o,e'-5 "11\ 30""j '&o()'\ ill1let -+0 ~\.t.
    ~'. :D$vtv\''''e. ~e c-oV\\.r'fesso\ -Y0wet('.
    SCHEMA-TIC • br\VE.tY :J:>A-TA ~

    -r, =300 J<:.


    t- - -. - - -- ,
    tl) I a~r I (,) ~: & "" r'"
    ~ ~ I ~(lV"
    1 c.ompres$or I
    h1 :: 4 /c..3/ s ----- - ,
    W'v: ? Q(.>I/tk ~ - 4fo.~S Ic:r/l~ 300 1<.
    1rS~UM PTLOt\JS~ (I) Tke. CO~+ro~ VOIc.A.V)1e.. .is ~+ 6.+eC4.c:ltj sk4e. (2.) tee.cU l..ll'\\.+ ~ 1T
    ([) mCtss UH(,l~r-~()es o: proceSSaesc.V'iJoe.e.< b'j 'P1T,.2.7::i:.mest~1A..-t:.(3)ru« C(i,r c..a.,£.1.
    be. "Y1~~e/e.~ tt.S C(M id w..{ rJ~s.(4) J<.,iAe.J.i.G a.Kd fDfeytl-ta.1 €V1~"'~'J e#evfs a......e.
    VI ~1J~llole.
    l(NALYS/5: To cl*'.. .
    m'~e +,"e poweor) be~(·lA. wi+-~ mltSS Q.~J e Vler,~ rate, balances
    0.:+ .sf~ .s.-I-((;Ie v: ~~ 0

    0= Gtv-WCV+ M [Cl-t,-f,,'Z.)+~)+j~~2)J
    w~e(e m l
    : M-z.: ~ ~d ..,..l.'t(~ ,~icQ,+€J fJl..n'YlS are tA.e,{efeJ bJ &tSSlA.MP-
    fLOV\ 4. Rea..vV"~;~ iVtAd SO~VIII\J -for Wc.v
    W'V ~ rV1 [( (xc-II/oM) + Ckl-~"l. \ ] (~)
    JJow.l sfU2' l:f ic.. elA#ta.lp,j 11 t i..s r-etAd. from Ta.ble A~'Z.2.. a:t 300/<.: t.,1'::: .30D.I'~.
    To 9'* 1i ) we. L(.Se. ~. 3 ..5'- wi+-'" Vi ~ /. 2.1

    Ti7i: -_ (&)'~
    ~
    -\....
    -...... -r -
    'z. - r: ~T.-- ("T]
    (Pa.) '.\'. ~.~~
    (300lc::) -:. 13'L I J<
    I/ltfe,~ po/eel-l'ViJ l'~ Table A - 22; h'Z,:' ii-c. Ilc'J/k,. TII1.5er/.l~j VA l(,(~$ ,''''1 (~)

    WeI):' (4 ~) [(-4(0.'15 f) + C300.ICJ - 440 1) ~] II lc.W [


    , • I ~j K~/S

    ""qt/
    ~

    e, -750 Ic.VJ.
    4
    l.--

    I. The a.,ppJ ;c'!loi Ii+~ of r-Lt~ ~deal 9(J..S WIedel C(A. ... be cl1ecfte&t "':; reter~lItce 10
    t"'e 3eiltevalrz,u-( ~ress~b' Ii ~ C-fA,4.rl.
    2. -n-re jIl~"twe Sl~~ .fer POllJeN'" d~/lto/e.s eVleV'~ tJ -Ir4~t:ev- b~ wade 1id2 +ke.
    ceVl1r()/ v(?ll.(.~e) as ey:pec.fetJ..

    4-41
    PRofhLeM 4.44

    KNOWN: A wetl- litl sulal-ed ~ ..· r CDmpr-essor- c>~raks tVi.,.", /<:H,Ol.\JJ1 i..,/efcu..etek:i.t
    $f~;fes. The itt let volv..rne+ri<:. flow iaJe is t'tlso lc.l\.OWJ1.
    E..lAll2: Determ l'rle f~e. c.om P¥"~6S0'" powe.r- Q.V\c.( +he. ex'\+ voLu.Me-h-ic. -fLow atk.
    SC[f6MA-TIC i frW£JJ lNtTA: p \
    - I UJ UiJ~ It'k1.
    C>.\r 111LL"--'-'-I-I.1./ .2
    -r, ::'hO°F • 2. { ~Ir
    I
    compressor 1/ 2.
    ~ I I
    1;.= 500 DF
    fj ={Ll, 2. Ibof/ I 1&.1 / I P-z. :. 120 IbfNIA2.
    ~V""JI='200f+o/MilA I~__ _ _:~ 1', =5200~
    1/11111111/1 -"""'Il~.-1'1. 2. l~f
    L..-. I~_ ~
    ftS5LJMeTlON.s~ (') The. cowiro! volume is ai: S'I-ea.dlj 1T
    CD sfa.fe .(2) HeQ;r-#rIA:)\.sfer is ne,ligible.(3) Tke a..w- bdvwes
    ~ s 41'\ ideAA 3a.s. (If) t< I;'" e tiC- ~ pok",h~1 ~Ylerrj ~ ciA.e.. ~eS'
    frOM lhlet +0 ex(+ CCl.tA.l?e Yle,jledeA.
    ANALYSIS: TD fl~d t~e power, h~ lV\ wi+Ls .s~~ .s~fe. M~SS A ~ eke~ ~ h"Ut\;fleS

    wker-e.. .".."
    o =JJ::vo- We-v i- ~ [(!-.,-hl.) ~~)
    ~ n.12,. :. ~. .sol VI~' ~ W c..v
    +' lyi2,)]
    v; ::. \'\i1 [h l - h~1
    To ev~fCAC<.te. ~ ~ we. E-t. 't.1I b ClM.d the. ldflAl fJ4~ ~lA4+~ er.sMk
    m = (b\i), :. p,\4V-1
    -0", R 1;
    _
    -
    (.'t.2 lb.t/t·",).) ('200 U3/~II\.) I
    "D lI\I.\iAIf 14'4 ill\'l..1
    - 530Cj 110 ~
    I
    I SliS off.tloe) (S2.00~) J k \ f.J2. -
    (
    '- 9 !il Ib - 1'1<.
    1"h.llS} w;fk. h, ~ 1~"l. 2.; 6t-eA/ib ew.c( \.t'l. ':: 2 '31.0b e~llb frOM Ta~le A- 22E

    We-v ~(S3()~ ~ )(IZ'lIZ1-231.0')~


    I.-t '0
    I kp
    ~5'1S ~/~
    I
    ® : -222.8 ~F.4-----------------"---'
    The e>c( t 1J'OLuW\e+Y\<... -How r.".trt l$;

    (;r\T) 'l.. :: ~ tT-z. :. ~ ( RT


    p
    '
    ~
    )
    1S l.(S off.- (bf ) 0) f-'- 2-
    =- (5 30~ lh/~) I (~ I (
    7-B."71 1/o·oR ('t~o ({
    1

    "0 f\\.\'"" (1'2. 0 llo~ll~"l.) t't'l ,-""t..


    =2(0 2 .f.j.~/ M\'" .(. (A.D~
    1. 1~ arpl..ca.l,il~-t~ Dt ~~ id~ ~A-S Moc.l.el CfA.\A. ~e c"'e.~eJ. 11~ \'"~~ -to tWL
    ~eV\e,\ftMl ~4 coV\.\,rrt'Ss ~~l \ \~ ~rt.
    2... -r\te ",e.~A.t\ve 5l'f'V' ~ -rowe-v- o\e.V\o~s Q.~eV'~ '1 1r-aM-ster- I~+O ~ UTt\+r., ( volM.~ I
    Cl~e~pe(,+~ .
    4-48
    k.NOW~:
    4", o.~' co_pr-eucr oputde.s ~,~ Itc.""~~,,, ~C)""ef", i"" \-e.\. Co ",-c(lko",s ( o.~
    ClCo~" ~"e~\u.re. 1\\& '",le..i V'.\I4-e."'r" Clw..""&'CL. a,-d. ~t. ""t4!--\-""'''''s'',r
    ,..J.c. pt.r IA"",~ ~n 0 ~ ~\ r .c.low (A." e o.l\c s ~ e c l t-~c.ot •

    E.ull.J). : tiefoey m I Vt E'. -tVt e e 'F if- f-e -.. pe n:A. -k.t r1:- •
    r
    5CWcMMtC i GlVeN DMA '. W:: -lO S kD
    ~I'r ~v r
    U\ 1- - - - -,
    1, =f'lODF I I cOl1-\preSS'Dr I 2. ~ ::50 Ibf'/,iA~
    q =.(~.s IbfH", "3. I P, :: Nt 5 lI.f I i~12.
    (AV-) :: ~O ff3/S __ I ~~' T, =sqO°t<:
    I ~ :. _ '1.0.5 B+u./lIo ""U"

    '+SS()MPTIOA1~: (') rt-ae ecnfyo( vollAmc! i~ 4f .sfeutJ..fj Sfo.fe.. (2) \<\~et-l.c. <l",-d
    (]) r.ot-e\l\.tio.l e~e~Cj. Ck.~~t2S .froM \V\\e.+ ~ ex\t ""rc \l\e~li~ibl~.(3) T"'e c.dr"
    ~\-vwe.s AS Ct\l\ ,d~l ~Ct~.
    ItNMHSJs: To f,itld fLte. c.OftA,pr~sso(" PC>\.\Je.f'" b~i .... wi~ .ste~ .s+a.~ W"4S.S
    a. ~ eY\eyg~ Yoi4!. loo.lAMc.eS 0

    D= Qtv - Wtv T";" [((."-" >.) +6~.; +':J (,I:")]


    tV ~eYe. n1 1 :: Wt"l. : ~. .s, l VI ~tj
    (2 (1 r h '"t-
    I _ L &c.v _ W cv
    V\'L - V\l ~ 1M ~
    10 ev(}.lu.a..f~ Yh,l 'Ltse ~. 'La b ~ ftc.~ ,'Ju( 9A.S eytt.o.f.(Cn-t • .p. s-fafe.
    r\, ::. V\~). _ f1 lAV-).
    "\J", - RT,

    =. (
    ( t4.S1h.f/I·\;\2.) ( 2.,0 I
    ftJI s ) l'tit \11\'2.1
    - I t{ 'i 1IP( s
    c5115 -/+.,16"1)( St.tOOR) .1#'1. -.
    2.8.'7 l~.·R

    Us~~ cl~ .c.~o_ \oJ:de. A -21.. C


    L
    "'....
    ':::. (\1,,\
    I
    o~~\.u..) (-~o S ~) _ (-(OS"p)I~llS~S
    u;- T t l \ > t1ol'l lbl~ ~
    t3-ka./~1
    l k,
    :; llDO. \ \5t-", (lb
    I""-\. t t ~ C> \ 0.. "-" ~ -e \ 't\ T 0.. b\ e. A- 1,;7., e W t ~ ~ 'L ': l <00. l ~+u. I (b
    T't,.
    T-z.. -:. <O~ q C> R ':::t 0 C\ C> F 'llli:E::---------------=-
    «
    Pt<oULEfv\ 4:4,b
    ft:.NOCAJN: nD-{~ Are prov~dec:J for A fZ "2'2... COll\Af"UJ,sor- opt>raf,'"" at- t-leD.')
    S+~~~
    F,Nu: O./-e,.."""".-u +~ po~r (~,v.t~c:L n~ flv c.ow.pN>SS'CJY.

    ~ = S bo: r (I) 1- - i Ct.) F;. = iLl bar


    T; =IOt'c ~ ~ - 21- ~ ::.qo oc
    (AV-).= a,g 'fh'/'f'tti~ I to~~'('e.SSO'r I 1:> =~ C.M
    . ~

    J) ::. 'i C r\'1 • •


    , Qc" = 0.05 We" 1]" -

    PrSSUMPT'ff5: en The c.on+rol vo!t.t.W\e is ~+ S~(l.d'j skfe. .(Zo) Po+eV\Ha.(


    eYle\'"9ye evts- ca.1I\ k l'\~lecteA.
    ArvAL.,(,&.L~~ Ntrf\V'j -thAf Wcv j£ t\ejA-nve. ~ a CO:"'r""'~O(, I i,k" N-b. 'l
    ~~,.-+ +rA"'S}w-- -k,cr- +"- c..o:-l"'.s:tw &.? (r,V~'" '0'1 QC.V= O.OS Well. FUr
    S ~~ - S ~ ~-erA ,p'(JV\) -t ~ IN'<<~ S A~ ~ -t V\ e ~~ '1 r t< to At "lAo-:, ,A..a....(.ve:..t. +0

    2::l
    o =-
    to)

    <Ii <II - \.V ev -+ ;...l k -~,


    1 .;., ...' :...'"" '""
    '2
    a
    'l..
    r 'e L )
    W _
    ]
    A.

    ~l\-\I·~2. -\- \fa"-


    , Ih t.
    1. J
    Wcv -: @.O~ We,,) + ~ l ~(- L.h. .. if; -"l.-V'-a. J ~ c." - O.q~ e-

    1Y-o-. T~ A- q, V\l'= 2$1.21. ica/~" Vtl. ::.10&'.l.>O /GO/i=d) l1j =().OqcD't ~~ll:dJ
    "'l.: 0,01.1..11 1'Y\'31 /Cj. T"'-t "'-It fcoWJ l"'A-k ~

    3
    "" ::. ~\["), ~ O.i w.. / 'fV'.\1A ::. t<o. "LIt.( 1<tJ/~ilA : O,2.10~ k"ls
    1.T, O.()<{q~'i 'M77~
    Fu.V'+""e.~ - '7T D,2, _ -n ( 0,0.,cr . Y\'\) '2.
    ::. I l S 1 '{ 10- '3 ..... 2-
    Al - "t - i · ' "
    A "L ':. O"~I'{, 'f. (0- 3 ~2.
    Thu..s, tke. Ve.-lOC.l+;~S o..t +k \1I\\et Awl. ex·t+ are) '('esr~c.-Mve\j
    . \
    v:
    = (A\r) , =(o..~ M J /~l~ )
    Al
    I ""'\A..I :: (O.~ I vt\ Is
    (1.J.SllCfO "S~'2;~o..sJ
    \ r- __ -M tr'&. _ (0. J.10 2.. ~ is)( 0.01.1. 11 'n\3/ ba ) _.q I
    v. - -l ,07 M 5
    ). A'J" (0.11"1t)C IO~ M oz.)

    ~t. r-eC\\A,~re.~ ~c>"",e.r


    • _
    \\ +"'-etf\.
    (0,'41 0'1. ~) (2S1.1.1. - "\o<-.(,o)~ +
    (lO.'t.. -\q.Ol"')~IIN
    '- " (~ .. /s~
    11\~:r
    10 tJ~
    I]
    Wc,v - O .. 'lS"

    (0.210"1. )l-'iq"~Q + (-0. rt)];r "3"1 llc.I


    (klJl
    = ~ -1\{,OCl ~ I~
    o.ss •
    Ww
    =. - l L(, os k \AJ lIIIIiE;lIIIIiE;;~-----------_-:':'"

    4-50
    t<NQWN~ A Re4-r;'er~t I3I(Q,roMf~.ssor- ka~ btOt.eJh c..O'V\.tLt.t,o-MS a.t tkfl. illJfef 4IAJ
    elite The I., Ie t \to 'tAM etri« -?Low ra.f~ ~ tt.,(C. (.AVVfYe~or p:>wer per
    (,tlA.it Wl&l'S of ~:fyi, entf,(..i -(fDWJk' an? also sftU-t'f,ed,
    EftJD'. ])ef.e,rrnIYtQ. the ~ea..+ in:uute r: r~. T
    ~UeMA-rtc. t 6-1 veAl OA-rA:

    RefriSt:.r~xt '~'(o.. (- - --I


    11 =3.'lbar I! C4MP~SjO"" I: 2._ ~: 10 bC4.t"'
    r;:: IODC I I -, 12:: 10 Dc.
    ~V-)l =- 3.0 w?/mi", llc:-:=-==-=~=-=!_:
    w~" ::: -5S.J, k.'J'1 k..9
    Y\I\ "'CS'"

    IrSSUMPTlDIJS: (I) The c.oYl +roI volu.me. is a.t .s+ettdCj sfu-fe. (2.) I<IIi,eftc a.'Vtd
    pofeH.+iQ.( e",ery~ ckttl~e.s froM iVliet -10 e>e;t ca.n be. 11~/ec.+ed.
    AN4L8SfS: Toflilld +We.. heat fraKsk,. raie , be3iIA. w;+Lt sfel((1Cj dakenet"fd'1
    taM.t{ h1.lt., S rak lood a. a.tc es 0
    .. ' [ ,V7 ~(t.'1. ~/! 0
    D = ~'V - W~V + ~ (h ,- ~'L) +~ ) + ff(y,-2~)J
    wker.e. Wt, =- Yl1 1 a ~. So,'v. ~j
    G,v ~ ~ [(~) +(hz.-h,)]
    To eva.(ua.te. LtYl u.SGt Ei· 4.11 b ",~c.( da.:h~. ..for V; fn,lI1
    J Thhlc A- lJ..

    . <AV-), 3.0 ~a/W\iJl\, k'


    \'\Il = -v; =- o.a~57bn-i3/~ = 45.(02 j/rt\lV\

    From Table. A ....l:2. J h, =2SS. (oS lc::rlJc.j,~ ~ 'l.. =-1a~ .1tL (c:1"/k.3
    1kus
    Qtv: (CjS.t.l. ~) ( (-55.:1.) + C~o~.,'{ - ;l.SS.t. S~ ~( ~;~",)( II ~s 1 .
    ': -0.( '1 k.WE-4i _ &.,"
    ~e V\ ~Q \- \V e, S t.~ "" \ ~\ ViA.\- ~ +~~ ~ e, ~ ~\- +~ fA. ""-$ C-e r-
    l~ +ro","", ~~ sy)\.t.-~.

    4-51
    'P{2.c13LEM 4.48
    lc:"'o~",: DA.+A ""t'~ prov,ded fur "'" co, e.,.., j,AA.fAJ,r.sor op~p.j,'n, a.:;t
    S-k.-d'1 S+A k' .
    F/~P: D~ W""""'N -H-- ro~t' ~ uu'.ed 6'0 ~ e.c~"'tN'.
    )"c I-t~ M I't n c .!!. ('./ IH ~ 1)1\ 7":

    f',,: 1oUof/i..1- P1. =Sf) \ ,-+/,'", 1-


    7i":o "31.oF 1i: S8o°R.,.
    1), -;; ~jrl, "i.: So f+!I
    ~-::. 3o.ftu 0
    AS~u ~p TIO I--),s'. ,. -n- c..o,..'"'iYrJ1 Vol v~ r L..ow.., i~ tty ~CSu.('f' ( f M-- S~ I s.ft,.k,
    '2. PC>~""~.....t <""fa" ~~t..ft c....- 4..t ijlA.lly-ecl . .3, Co~ i:o ~c:la.Jts.d ~ A~ ('cU.-f ~,
    AI'JAL.""SI~: S; .... C4. -t"- c.ott-\ ~U'W' f~1v;j'#r o: ~ ilA,J.)-f"14- ~ 7vA"'rh--
    -fY~ -t'N c.o~(.f'~SW &00. ~J rlJ.e.. .
    (Qc.v::. O.'l.Wc.v ' 70 Co\loth,,-.{-f. Wc.V),yJNu.
    {M ........u A~~ ell\e rh rA.-k b-./A"'u.o

    <9 '=- Qcv - W c." + ~ l 'h l - ~ \.. -+

    :: (0, C\ t}.)
    o.~
    t -I ':1.:1\ -I- (-1). I I) 1 '8~ ::
    ~ s

    = - 2\, 8 ~ 1 ~~s 1\ Z~~;~/k I


    k;l\)OWN: M0'\-lttc;ute <aec..s .1$ wt\Afll"esseot W'l+~ ..,.~
    \,\e.st;Cji1,le 1Aea* fY"a.\.1s+-er. A+
    i~\-e..t J fr~<u:te J+e~~t'C.)a",-cA. v~l.oci~j ~re g\ve\l\. p(~sSu.,,~ ~ veloa~ CAfe
    6pec,fiecl Gtft\1e t~t+. The -power 1\l\~\A.T l~ kV\.ow(\.
    Elt-Jp: 'D.e-k'lV\A\·lI\e 4-1.t.e e~ IT 1-eV\AP em+u..re ':" .
    5CH6MKr'C. S &tVE.1J DarA: I II.! L L~ (I..I! L; 'W,,/ ~ -llO k. W
    Ilr I · I'
    D : / " ' A r C / 1 II. W\~fh~V1e II (2.) rn =4.5 IutJ M."l
    n ,. 9-2.ba
    7; .: 2 S °c ::2q8~ I 1- co~rV'~SSDy- I, . I'Z. - yo
    'r-= IS Wl/s I. II v-;.. :. qo HAls
    , J/ / / / I 7/ Il'/, 7;. ~ ?
    A?SUMeTI()~S ~ (I) Th.ecowfv"ol volume is ~+ s-l~ sfafe. (2.) Fo"'+~e c.oYl-l-rol
    vc){.u.n-1e, <Qc.I/ =-0 fA.1I\d pofevt+ia..{ ene'{'j~ ef+ec-ls «re ~e.~JJ~ihJe .(0) Tf..te Meft.ta4te
    (f) 0tt$ C(l;\I\ foe Mode-led ;deGt.( 9ec..s .
    t4S 0\ V\

    At-JA-tYsl S: B fj a~$'c.H\4·rh~ C~) ~ h l. = h CTz.). 7kLlS) usiJ4j elltev'lj &U\.d MA .. .s


    rQ.,t~ b~la.lltces lIVe C4/k solve -rev-- lI\"1,. tJ.M.d k-ekce 12.. -rkAfc:S
    o =-/tvo..0cv + ~ [({;,,-h'Z.)+(V7~~)+5~~7,)]
    ar: 0 = -Wev+ W» ((11.- L,~) +(~ ~~V;)] (:¥)

    The f-e-rm ~1-h'2. C£.<.A..t be el$.flY"essed ,'1.1 .ferms of cpcr) as follows


    ~ J
    h,-"'2. :. i7Z 'ep(T) dT ("~)
    One al-l-twvv.l;I-we. .fo e-v(l.t.uAfe. f1A..e I~t~ ~'~
    rat is use rWl. +u.Kcl-tinA foy-ep
    rOible 1\-2/. Tl1~ fe~uL+ wou..ld ~ A. rO~homi~J t~ U)~lck T, woe-Jd he
    (.{ Lo1.lLlA.A)WVl. USIJ":S ~ feev..Lt l~ c~jV.JI\c.+l·~ wi+~ ~.(~) J ~'" 'rteYaJLAie
    procecLvtfe.. ~ ~ e~~+Wvt.-$olvi~ U)~~ pr01'YQ/M. wo~J be.
    V\eed.ut .
    A- ";JNP ~ r q..l+e yV\,,+we
    i.s .J..o u.se +-~e l--JLT) f-t,tlAcfLM for W1eft.ta.ke
    t ·Vlc. ~~ e. d ;'" iT) o.s {o l row ~ :
    IT Code
    T1 = 25 + 273 II K
    V1 = 15 Ilm/s
    =
    V2 90 /I m/s
    =
    mdot 45 160 II kg/s
    Wdot = -110 II kW
    0= .. Wdot + mdot * «h1 - h2) + (V1A2 - V2 A2) I (2 * 1000»
    IT Result
    h1 = h_T("CH4", T1)
    h2 = h_T("CH4", T2) T2 =359.9 K .~ Tt.
    l . The o..pplicabiliHj of+l.teideA.{~(A~ n1ot(.el c.a..1.dJeclAec~ul bj r-e,.feve1Ace ~ +\.te.
    COI/'A.~'fe>S\ L,\.\ \\-y (:~ 'ft. ..
    2. Ca.re4tl~ lIto+e- +ke e.t~\;+ OOY\veNSiO}'\5 V'-e~.l.( jYeJ I~ flA'~ ~p''('e.ssl~ . .
    3. Tkis restAft c.oM1>Ar"~Ve.Y~ .fd\loftlbly wi~ tf,<e resu..Lt DIoff;tl<l.ce ~i¥j fu
    o.l+~\[ V\",,-h'v e. VV\ e.tlA ~d CIi\\J.,l \I;~ ~.ble A- z./ cla.~.

    4-53
    PROBLE.M 4, So

    kNOWN: AV'l a ~W1 tm ill. COJll\pressor ht4.S ~KOgpf1 contlzf,'(7kS ct+~e Iklef a....J e.at·d", 1h-f.
    CortAflressor p0wt'f' ""lAd fiAe ~ 4ra~r ra.'k. t:4"e. o.lso specified.,
    E'Nt2: J)e~V"~,,~ +kG! i", \ef VOl\AWle+VlG -flow ro.-te.1A~L~ O\VY\ M DIi\ i~ -fob~s
    ~ i4etJ. jR~ reteJtin\S'~i1Js, ]),sGttss,
    S.CUeMA-'TtC t GrIVe.U 1>A~:

    AmmC')\;o.
    p. =.20 (hfJ,'I1." I ~ compressor- 12 P2.:: 2.S0 II,+/;/A'2-
    Ti = ()oP 1 I 7;. :: 300 P 0

    I~--=-~_=-=:-=-:_=I ~ ~ - 10 kP
    CV I

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    (P~-R)~= CA\l'") \
    C~h~) 2. 'hop
    S'tS8Wlt)\ 14, }}?~8.f'flbflll~~/
    ~,f 'll~ l~.
    (h'4)(3A'ls) \ O.,3l,S./13l'
    /1 AI
    ~ S'.I1 ~
    (A'r) ,,,,?,
    E',. Colt) C,(A,h .be pi Clftec.( v-eAel..t·'j lA$i"'j
    &\ sp,.ruA.el.sk ee +, r.J~#I·"" pyo.,r"",,) 0.-
    IT. 7hq IT' pl/)+l.ssnowVl ec.f.J.'k.e
    rl~ kt. N:' 10 -
    c:
    ;s
    .0 8-
    =
    ~

    s.
    I
    6 -

    ---'"
    c..
    4

    I 'I I
    4.7 4.8 4.9 5

    [, SU"te. +-~ .... +el"'" ~s At 70°J=J O"'~,A. s~ .. il -Ic~tc.lte. d..-f/4,efll<..t. (N'~ ~r .....M
    wo~'- lo-< olo-,UlI'eo. S:o) k4t-*
    tr""s-f.¥- c;.Po"" ~ i:~ "".1,e c::l.
    2.. A 1~,.~p.-t\V-f, ..1J E:.,.
    ~013 ~,,~ usecl +0 ofo-tJ..c~~ SAIM.C f1el/.J....J..:t.
    4-6/
    kNOWN: AV\ ~,I rlA.Mp 01'8V'tttll-t9 a..t
    6tU4~ 6M:le de.lwe115 Dil ~i4-t... A. k~owl1
    WI"~S -Uow V'a.~t! aM.~ 'P'r~S5U.Y~ r~e. froM ,·... Iet /-0 ~'lf'.
    FltvP: IT PIA.VIIl.fS ~r~ AVA:LI a,I,J-c. ik Vi- - ~oYsepowe.V' ;~creV'1ew.-Is) Je.kV'VIIII~e
    tke V\oyse poweV' r~+l~ ~ ~ (?\411'\f ",eeJ.cut. -+or t\A.·l~ CL{lpl i udi "lI\, •
    ~cHS)AkT'C $ ql VE.~ .I:>A-TA:
    11.
    M : 1"2. 'loIs
    Soil :, 0 0 .ft.J &"'l.: I ,~. : (t/ I Z ) -#
    r~- P, = .:fo 1lC'~/,~~

    ~
    ---... T is ('a"IlJ.;".",t
    , ... i! I ~ 1!-a-
    ~SOMPnoNs: (,) Tt14!. ccmfy-c,1 1I0'U.M~ it" Q..+ sf~~ sJ-..k. (l.) Fo~ -il-te '-<m-lr1!J1
    CD votU.lIJH~J Qcv ~o. (3) rhtl 0; J ;$ '.... c.crMpyess'ltJ/o#!. (4) rJ.te rokwk~'.e:vle.vti~ cM~
    ..ftt,-m iklet -J.D Q.)(.it- (A.t\\.d +(....e. '".,/-e-+ /c.~~e.+iG e£-te"~~ OU'e. ne~IL"I'J,Je.
    ANM.'IS/S: To c.le.feV'WIt~C +~
    of ~ V\.1c.e.s.s (L~ eHev~ ~
    rowe¥' refui,..e&,
    rai.e loar~lA(gs ,4.S
    f.:,~\iA. wi~ sf~ s-kle
    -fo /lews :
    -ftJ'rnJ
    D ~ Jt:v0- Wcv + ~ [("',-lt7;) +~2_z.v;.) .,. J(~:)J
    W~..o.vL ~I =~"2. ~ ~ a,~ ~'~IA~~(2,) ~(i) k4..N"e ft,e.eil\ C(pplt'eJ.. ~

    Wcv ~ [C~I-lt"L)- '{i<-]


    e,
    ~

    Lv~+~ ~. 3. ,0 b
    @ ~,- ~"l. ~ C C~'l.°) + "\r (fl -1>"2. '):to ~/iPZ.
    Thu.s ~
    Wcv :. ~ [ ?t - Pz. - \[i ]
    :s z.
    US';'1 ~. 4.H t>.. w;+i.4. A- ~ rrctY4 .
    \J: :: 4 ~ _::. 4 (12. ~\" /s) :. 'Z. 2 #/ S
    1. f 1\d ~ (tOO LIo/.f+'3) TC ('//"2-)'a..f.+~

    IlAseV'·h~" valt.tes I..ftIV1 Vlof.\&>t~ ..tLt"f P,-P.:. -Lrz..-p,)


    . _~
    W'V -lL'2. S LOO \\0 I J.~3
    I
    ito) [ - "0 \Iofl,,,,~ '~4 \"'~ _ C?- 2. l-~IS)"&.I
    l H'2...-' 2..
    \ l \t+
    32."2. \1.·~1 s 2-
    1
    :{=78t. 4 #~~f.) Issol:~\->f/.sl : -1.4'2- hp
    ft,\,vv..P S l'2. e ~ I. '5 ~ P ~ L, p Y-4-h ~~

    1,1+ is 4.s$\,(,,"uA~ ~er~ is Q.. 'sMA(,f +eV\4p-tlY'Q,Mve.di#ev~e loeM(letA. ~e PIA.~


    (Alh.c.l +(A.f S"u.V'ro~~ ,~~~ > so h etA-t .Jnw.s+er CAM. be (.1 \l\ord.
    Z.~.f<'Yll\(.(.+~itelc:J1 ~. 3.13 CQM ~€ tUt.J-h:> ob~j..( +\t,e '~lMe v"~Ldt.

    4-i:>Z
    .oJf
    'PRO 8LE"" 4"Sr
    lC-NOWN: A ~W\O'(\\ ~ 0.", .. air pau I''''' ~~PA""'4fe. ,slYe-awiS fl.o.volAjlA.. 0-

    nE'At' ~c""~~,.. A-4- sj4~.,(r sn.:b-) ~ uJt-"e.t- d ... i-.... "aI'e pr()v'"fJed,
    FII-JO: D~te,. ..'..,. i "e +"'- ~u +/o""'J ('c.."~ of "t~ Q""'-:
    set+! MA "'f\C 2," I ""iN bA 7~.'

    _...-...--- - S"-\" h"i"""


    1'1b .......
    r

    Arl'"
    ® r, o~J '~A.""
    t-------- "..
    ASSuMPTIOII,,)': t, A vol~~e e"" ("Lo'"''''5 +"""-t ltu~ ~~C~"'j~"" i~
    co",tv-ol ...'1"
    sfeq..u"l s+.te. +~ C.CN\~l VO{UIM~ 1
    2. FrIY" 'JJc.V=O) VtE"A-f iv'A.""rf--r
    c.-. ~ i~l'\AIftc:l; o.",d -hA~"cI(tDk""ft"tJJ. eJ'\.~rs'1 ~dJ. AVe vteqlt9t10le,
    (1)3. A,r I'S ~ ll..r....R.A..l ~ 4oN\. I' ~ ,AS. V
    A~i\l.."(HS·. S'''CA. ~ sh04o..M;\J' ,f-£OI..AJ $-PO:-"" .....1'7 ) ~ Coyq.... v ... fl"""", of ,~4.U
    p"'" I" ""'r Ie"""," d.i ~ ~ $~d '( s+,.:t,. : t\I\ I : 1M"l, :. Wt R 11."'- d ....:'1 3 .~ eM' +. ~ ~'A '
    A..,. e"",.r~7 ('A..w b"" I A'" e..t N.~c:ld

    o ::. ~ ~\I ~ ~t. t ~I -l1 ~-+ ~~t.) J


    l ,-I.

    ~A l""'3-~'l ""';# ~ 'l~'f-)J

    £Yow- .,.... bl~ A"" 1~ ISC42.~lc;1llcj . N-IIW- T~ A-l'i) L12. '= ,?>s:l.,\1IcO/
    "',::: Ie,. fYtAA-
    T~ I't ~ ~1. I 1.t 3 : ::t'\i).UD t/:.;Jl e:,.,1 ""4 = ~IS.'l.l l=O/~j· Tt...e",
    .
    •
    M
    A
    r
    )\c.9 lS4~.Cis'q-:'$~.ql]1 \ V)
    -:.(450 ~ L~lS.j..l-;LqO.llo <-0 "",",1"\ I--3S5. II ~
    -1 l/I.\in <E<O=--------
    W\A

    \. TLu "41.cl;~ 0t -t"e


    icu.....t ~~ ~de I IA re.d.c·''', c.t-c.Jc..tcl ""~l''''j ~ tj ~'1er&AooI'3l''ci
    C0""1'~SS: f:>il.n, cl.\+rt,

    4-b3
    PAOt?>LEM 1./. 58'it1

    KNQu.W: Re't"'Cle(Q"H~~~ a"dCouf/~5 wCLfer PCc.S1> ,'VI separafe streAms +tlroWjh a.


    co~&l-evtse ..... (lite-at e)(cua.-t,er). The volume-hic. flovJ ntte of (ool'~j
    weder a.~J ofl.te,..- daft:... a.ye ~l've~ a.f flAe.. I~Jef:s CtYld eJCit.s.
    De+eY"m,~e(O\} m&t~s tlowT~te ~ r<~/3,( 0.. ;().'rl.f1 (/:,) itte mfe of
    -the
    eVleV'9Y traVlsfer -from -the COVltUVl5''''j R-/~4o-+O-+~e (.oo/l~j weder.
    se HEMkTI c. J & \ 1/C1J 'pATA : R-l 34 0...
    P. ::. (,0 I bfhiA"J..
    ,
    T. = I tot oOF
    ----I
    ;O::::============:C::l +- ® (!ool'~fj lVa:Jer

    c.O\'l&eVl.se r
    0-v-)../: 35'" ~ed/Mill\
    (
    L '--
    _ _ ........
    1 _ --t> ® ATw ~ lllOF:: (goR
    6pw ~o
    @ P7."=" (P 0 16-//1'",,"2.
    sa-f. I ifLtie(
    AS$()(lIJPTtoNS~ (I) vOlu.me is a:+ stead") >ra..ie. (2) Hect+ +n:utSkr from
    The cowtrol
    the C9uk,'da ef tlAe c..ovttle.lltser lot n~1 i~ iJole. (3) KIVletiG OM.J poklttl-ial e/lle~':1 clAa~5es
    from il1lef io exi+ ore ttetjli3ib1e. (LfJ"fltte Cookil\'j w~fer i~ Modeled ~ aM.
    I n GO Mf re S$ i L, ItZ I i1fA. id L01+~ ~ta.lA-t --'t'eclfi c. heat.

    ANA-INSIS: (0.\ S,Vtce tille Q-/3~ '" ~d c.ooll~ (AJ~;fer <'Arre. s-€pa. ("tufe sfr..Q.&l.Y»s
    l<.-l}40.. : h'l, -= vV1", =: M ~
    \AI &t!£..c: M4::'~!3:' n:, w

    WCL~erl u.!>\V\~ ~.3.20b

    ~~- ~A ~ C (Ts-IPr) .-r"U- ~;:)


    'M ~ (Av-)l/.."l
    w

    froM Ta,b/€. A-lqE.j l! ~ I 6kA/lh .oR)


    CAM..J.. ~= 'Ig :: O.D/CDJ #3//6.
    FOr- th~ R-("3~ CA.. ) hi:: fn,M Ta."fc.. 4- -1'J. C G\.-D(
    l2Q.S"3 6+t,l/lb
    h"2,::' 2.1.41.{ .6+U/llo Tram Table A- tiE'. Inser+1Y\~ lfa\lAeS
    yY.. ~ (~S"9AI/~\~) -1-9~\-
    0.' 33"8 #31 . (I tbkl/lb.°te) (t~ O~) ~o M\~
    ~ ~ (0.o,,,, -ft'II.b) (l),q.S3 -:n.21.{) f,lu!ib \ '"
    "
    ::. 30(g~.~ lb/~~< ~

    4-104
    PRo6c£M 't.58 (Coni'd)

    Cb) For: a c.ottrfrol Votu.m~ elllclosl~~ onl~ fhe.. t<-I"Jt< a...

    o : Gt>..- ~o r '" (h,-t. ..h@') +-~(Y~2~


    ftr
    wner"e &R. denotes +£te ~ea.t tru.. sfe,.. raie .for f'lte R-l ~ <{ 0.. l}k0· tu«
    ,
    a" ~ ~R. (1,,1.- u, )
    =~o~~;~ fb/l1) ( :l1,'J.t{- (~q.S3 )
    (!) -:. - 3.140 XIO S BltJ h 4(; Gp-;
    i. The hegqf~ve value fer- &R" o.eM.o+e" EWler"~~ fr4"tskr tlea.+ JrpM
    -f'ke 1<.-1 ~ q 0.. 10 #v2 cool. ~ wafe..r-,) Q.S eKpec. tet:'!.
    Pl'oBL.Etv\ 4. ~~

    KNOWN: A- stea.W\ boile~ ;~ c..onsf-rucA-e~ b~.PfASSI~!J d.i~ec+ eu~ye14t


    e,
    ~~O~~, fhe.. s+a.ll.1le'Ss cSfeel fipe 1"kr-OWjk w~ lC" -li1e- S-te4M
    ,S -flowI ~ ,
    FiNO: Determl'J;\(2. +ke. ~1(..C.,ived si'Z.c o.f #c. ff'0wer sUfPl~ ~I\;:( fite.
    e.x(X'cfetJ. c;.u....rewi:. tt.. .a w.
    SCIrl-JEMA-TlC. t G l VeAl DA-TA ~
    I 1+1-
    S a:k.c.r"Q..ltA ,f..j '!.!111/// 1/1.1 (!I.i/LI /11.. ~= o. ~ 5"' tJ:.S/""''I) , fO we r
    ll'~\A.'c.l II Tr~ Su.ppl~
    wat-er av 11111711 1711 / 1111 ~/7/7/IIJi' 5a:i-u.m4-t.d
    'CI p, ::. P:a '::. 2..00 ~ a. ~ vct.por
    1 10 voHs
    4S5UMprLDNS: (I) The control voLu..~e is 0:# s"'eo..d~ ~fr:Je.. (z) Heaf ftu~sfer
    CtlV1 be YJe3't:cfed.. (3) I<,n<z'f.ic. a.V\et pote.VI-J.{A,( eV1e.v9~ eJkch" Glnt Y1~lij;J,le.
    tfNIDS'S ~ To I« ~ ~ ~tte rowe.,- r~u.l·V'eJ st-Ar+ w ii-I.., the ~J.:t-~/-Ak
    eJltergy loa lance: .
    ~ [Ch ,. -1-t,J +-lVT ~ v;: j .,. .s C~, - ~~ )J
    0
    o =-,i:I;v Wc.v + _

    w her€, m m" ~ M,
    i : IN" +h. a., SU. Ykp 4-"0 'v\ (3)

    I We.): ~ (l,,"1.- he )
    fYCI.- T6-b{e A-SAt 2. bA(.J h 2. - h / -= hf d= 2.2.b(. '1 K::rI ~3· l~.l

    Iw<~ h ~. 25" ..':~)l ~~~ \( uol·1 ~~~ ) \ ,':;J 1


    ~ q.175 r- vJ ' O I I ! ! E 9 - - - - - - - - - -_ _

    t \Nt"} _ (~17'S"W_ \ ( I Volt \


    ? - \: 1 0 volh ) l Wltl"'1J J
    PRD6LE.M If. {Po

    KrJQWN~ Ca,v-boVi diox ide« ~e.a..+ed as if flows. tttrolMj'" ~ c.o-nsf-a.lA.f ~Y~a....


    pipe. Tnle-r Ct~d t:1C it CoIlt.cJ.. if /0 11\' core kl1.own.
    FIND: J)ekv-m,'V\e f-I.te mIe of kee..+ -I-mli1.J'fer.
    :5CtfeMA-T/C. £ (:,LVEAJ DA-TA:
    ceu·hoh ajox ide
    f; ~ 2 oqr""'-;:
    7i - 300 l<
    'I - - - - -
    =+ _ - -

    ~Clf
    - - - - -~
    7i. P:z.: O.CflfI3 ha. r:
    V; ::. ~DO mls
    v-; -.:. 100 rhls 10 ::. o s Cf Ic;f / fc,. K
    d ::. 2.5 <:..rn :: 0.0 2S",
    A5>SUMPTlOAlS ~ CI) TVie ecnfroJ vatu.me c.s a.f <s+-e~~ shc.te. (2) Wcv ::0.(3) Ttte.
    d.l.tct hdS C<Jl1,sta.~a yea. • {II} Pareni-ia! ellter9':J efAo. lllqe ..yOWl ,~Iet to e)t;l t CAVl he.
    )1e~lecte~.(s) T~e. .Ctlrbon dio)(ide C;;tn he ntc9de.le.d M A'" l-tf~{ 3CLS Wl=r~
    c07lSt(ud: spec,ftc.. l1eQ.ts.
    ANAl.ysIS: fOtl¥ -t~e e)<lt.s~) h€Jji~ LO·,flA. tke 5+et.l~-.s+a:fe mets:s k,illcc.k£e..
    n1, :. l"Vl 2- ai nA
    ~I V; ~ ~ \T7. ~ "V''"l- : (~ ) 1J:
    '\1j 1T'Z- v-; I
    l,o'l+~ the lv\~,d ~"'S ~\A.ce.+101l\ ot- s~-te.
    ~T2. _(\f7.)LIL. ~ T :.(~ )(f2.) I =(LfOO'{D~c.ui'(300~)
    f~ - v; PI "2. Vi fl I \(00)( 2. 1
    =- 5(,'1.8 K
    Eva(u,f.l.f.,iA1 +he. ~a.ss flow ra.te
    1'\1\ ~ A -v; _ c..~~) 0-;
    '\Jj - ( R T, I p, )
    =. (TtC.02J2. Wh'4» (($0 mls) (2,bCll\"')]\OSNtM"l. 1 I.e.:!'
    1
    (B.'3l~ ,,"-::r \ I bar ,0 tJ·WY\
    t4Lf.O' ~'(<':) (3001<)

    :. 0.1132 l<j/s

    USlh~ +\A~ s~eo..~-sta.iq. ene~<j \oQ.lct~c.e 10 +\IAe.t +\A.e louted ~-f<r ~rot-~
    .. . ./"0 r; ~ ~ '0
    o ::: Q,., - )KJ(V + W1 l (Itt,- h-c.) +l\fi ~\fi. ) -tj( y(-e~D
    w/-/-£.a 1.1 1- ~4::; 1> CT, -Toz.)
    .. 2 ~

    Qc.v -:: ~ [Cop (77- -'1) -t-(v;. -:: ~]


    f - (40o~ IOO"z'\~1.
    = (O.1I32.~) L(D.ql{ ~'I<)(Sb({.B-300)K+\: 2. -)Si)
    q ~~ (~II JOI'~M<\1\ll~%I
    I ..

    : 5~. { !c: WOC!!!<------------------------


    Pj2.oBLE M 4. Co ,.
    '0..-\ A...,~ pro v,'c14 o:l fo r: 0. fe. cI. <-vA. j e r: he?.. fe..... ~ t- S' ~ e4 a s-M-ff.
    .. 7
    De~er"""""'e. 4'-'e -,.s') C-t o-w ~ .. ,., ~ ~(. ''''' 0 -~~ V'fA.{Jor S""r(..lJ,._ I ~"t.-'

    ~
    ----11
    1 I
    I 1
    I 1
    1 1 Water vapor
    A
    Liquid water e-,

    <.( S 0(.
    111/ " 1
    2
    '11..0°c.
    1 1
    1 1 a bo...r
    3bo..\ I
    J
    1

    slb
    Wt l "::. ~.'l. ¥ I o t" I'" v3
    Saturated liquid
    v
    ~ bo.('

    ASSV(VtPT/OfoJS', I· Th~ c..o... ~1 VO(VIfMi" slA.c.""'..... ~ -t-t-. S'-t....&""" .. h'c. v.);:.1 ~fc,...d~ s-fale.
    FD-r -tt- e:..-.-.~ VO(U~I Wev -=-0 ) o",c:l ~,~ tr'A....S.f-..-- w,'+k ~ tC.A4'ITH/",et.''''i S
    2.
    ~ ~ ,~",o(ed, ~lIlehc cuu:l f'o ... "'h.....t ~WV~'1 ~~dr tIlL/fro CAk ~ l1e"t"c~d.

    A~Al.""''i>I~: At s+c..o:ly S'~ +~ ......-S', ~ Y.> .. l.",u A-QAc:L.<3


    ... . -~,
    o -=- """\ + W\z. - 1M! ~ """ 3 ~ "'" I -+ """2.
    ...

    -:CIA M~ci~d !Ml':. W: 1 ~ 1M 4

    o ~ ..:, ~I ~ c.M,.~, - (..:,..... )~J~ ..... ~"':'I [~~~~~]


    lYo_T~A-Ci-) (,,2.': ~l\o.l ~'Jlk:j. fVfl\A-T~A-31 113=5lot.41l='J'~.
    w;-\1,. 6'1' 3, I t.f 0." cL cL..-\- fr "- '"T~ It - L

    .
    W\'1.

    4-,t>8
    PRD6L,e.~ <1-. {p 2

    KNOWN: SeplA.r«..fe \/6..pOf" tlna I ifUid SrreAmr t>t f<efrt;e.md 13'1a. pASS iJl\
    (;O{.(,Vller .flow TrOU.1l, o: we 1/- ,~sJ,(laAed ltteC<.t e~(Lc.a."1eV". J)a.ft4 a~
    {<:n.own a.t the if.Alefs an&< e)(if~.
    FIND: De.ref"Mii,,\e fue ek"it- +e.Mper~furQ of tfAe l(~tA,o( S~Wl.
    SCH-CMArlc. i ("lI/eAJ DA-TA:
    ~//II//////////I
    R-l34'-t
    , -- - -,
    II
    ./~ 2..~
    T\:: O'OF
    , I
    Sed, '\TUf0'<' II hea,t 1/
    If I}
    .... I
    elC<.ha~e.f" ~3 1i.:: 'OSOF
    1/
    Py ==- P:J II, -- - dV
    _I Ii : l f#O tu: i",,~
    lu::'11/7/1/////I//////11 . .
    T 'tV'\ , ~ l'\I'\s

    .tj-5SlJMPDQN5: (I) The con+rol vohune i.s o.t- sre <J..d~ ~fr..te. (2.) He.tt+ -lmnsfer
    be+-wee~~e. ~e,,+ ex,Ka.Jl~e,..a.JAJ #Ie. Stu··f()u~dli1q~ C4IIl be YJ.e.fJlecl-ed '-kef ~cv.::o.
    (.3) '<''''ehc. ~V\cJ. poteVl fia,( e~e'9!1 ~fL~t:S ~'M ,VlIet -1-0 eklf ar~ \1e"lJ~ao{e.
    trNALYSJ&: To f;){ ~ If J heoilA witk s~ s-fp./e. "l'Yla.$S a.nd etl.e,~~ bo,lqkces
    to deferwt tVte Itt If

    h" =(l-l,- h2-) + h 3


    Frof'J'\ Talt" ... A- '0 E; hi::' 101.-,5 Bktlll. 0Jvt..tJ.. 1', =21.2-03 "• .,./\",,2.. J:(,t'krpoI4""~
    iLA Tttble A -12E j 1.,2. =: /05.7ft, Bfu./ilo.

    Skfes.3 o.a.teC q. et,"'€ bol1A slAbcooleJ 1;1V.i~ S1ttf2s. Tb.e. -fotlOlJJlwq fi1Jd1rcJx,~a~Umr
    (Ar~ r€aSO n f#hJ-e.
    h3 -;;:. ~.f~T3
    hq ~ ~T'f
    w;f~ h3 ::. '" ".0 I 6kA I IIr, fn,M Ta.ble A-LO e:
    ~&f = (t~)f,..,s - IDS.7b)+ £1".01 = '+2 IJl1AJu,
    J/A.~polo.h~j I''''' Talofe. A-tOe.
    Tit ~ Q3.7 °F< Ty

    4- foCf
    PRD6LEM 1.#.(,3

    I<NOWN: Air a.nd Refr-iferfA.lA.t 2.2. puSS ,'V\ S~f't:tra,fe s!re(J..»f,S -f'hroW1h tl.
    l1ea.f excfA.o.tvjer. 1)a.frA.. OAR.. ~ttOWt1 a.t+""e t"nlefa.'A.tl. exit: afea.cIA.
    .s!retJ..M.
    FIND: j)ek"'Mt~e (0.) tfAe "7\IW.~S flow raie ~/ ref-n~en:ttd al'\J (h) ff,...e
    rtt+e of. 0Vle~!1 mKs+er- frorw the ~ir'" fo+ke re.frL~erakt.
    Sc U£MA-71 c. g (j l "E:JJ 1)MA :
    1- - ---
    .... I ..- heat ekC~l\tJer
    I I
    A-~\"" I I
    ~\I"")\: 40 W\3/\M;~ _~.: I 2.
    ~
    T:.
    I
    2'7°{;. :. 300k I T'1. =IS °c : 2881<
    Pt : I. I btl,.: I
    F'z =I bOor-
    I I
    I
    - - -
    3 t<.-22
    PI.( :. "1 ha.r If " p~ =7 b£w
    t; ==JSDC
    X =O.lb
    J
    !rSSUIIIPTtONS. : (I) The c'on+-r-ol VoLuWle 'is a.t sf-eiUt~ sfttie. (2.) Heat-JrrJ.ttsFer
    from ftte oufside 6>r &e ~etilt el<dta~eY ~ VI~I;sible/~ W,v =-0.
    (3) 1<IVtefic a.1Ad fofettft'a,{ et+ec.h C(LK be n~/ecfe.d.( If) TlAe a.) r be~ves ~s 4J\
    ide«! ~A~Ja.'CtlK be vet'ified b~ retet'e.Vlce +0 flte. (.O(Vlp~sslbili+y d".4Yf:
    ,he ~~s flow r-aie e.f. r~fri,v(u1.t N; ~efe.r(l'l,~ed U:S"1-' sfeaAfj-
    ArJAI.8:>/S: (0)
    sfft/e ~$S aKJ etl\e,V'~~ ho.l4&4(,e~. Flrst l S'I1c.e tke a~r (A~ refr,~et"'lut
    flow as sepArate. str.et:A.M&

    , (hl-~7. \
    1'Vl R - l 2. :. ~(1~r \: "' ... - '3)
    T~e -rn.~CiJS fLow ~te ~t ().·"r is tol.\~ 'U.sl"'J t:t~~ A'.t ~e inl€t OM.J. +~
    id.elA.l 1(}.s e.D\l4ti~ ef- sto.te
    , (A \J"') I P, ( AV") ,
    1'\AdtN-:' -t.r. ': RT,
    (I. I bClIrS) ( 4.0 Yh)/M~~) lOS N l'i'h7..11 I kJ" .
    8.:H lf • te::r \ (3DD K\ I bttY' lb 3 N-V\-t
    ( lil .en 1<1'K.)

    :. 51.l' 1<5/1')\.1""
    4-70
    From TlAbJ.e A-2.2) hI:' 300. let IcJ"lI~ fMl\eI. h'2, = Olee, IS k\f"/~, FurJ-heYj
    us t Vi ~ dfi.:tCA. frur'h TecbJe A- ~ .
    ~~ =. h.f3'" ?c'3I,ftj3::' SB.o'l f(.U9) (lqS.foD) = ltlf.S4 1c~/~

    Atttt!) from Thlole A- <t .. l.1"f:' 2 56.8 b 1c.J'"1 ~, -rkLlS

    , ~300."-2&--K.IS)
    t"t\ ~-'2 '2. ::. (5 f. t( k,lw.lk)
    ). S".~" - 8«. ~ lJ
    ::. 3. ~"1 3 ~ I tI.\.\"" E
    to1 t'O.-l{ U( ev- a. cowrra! Volun1e Qwclc9sfHj D~l!:l tkQ r"efr;~en::utt .streAM
    I ,.
    '----1 ,
    •
    .I . , dR-1Z. o ::. G.R-l~ + n1 R.'2'2 ( k"S - h 'i )
    :

    ,
    I
    , ,
    Q. 1l-1.Z ~ n-;1l-'2"Z. ( !-t 'I - Lt '3 )
    I
    I I
    I
    I
    , =(3''''3 k.5/M.llf\ )("~~.6b - aQ.3'f)kTIl"
    ,I- --- - I
    I
    ::. b IS, '0 h~ / h\ill\ ~

    3
    , j

    COMMWT= For o: l.OVJ-Ivo1 volL<M-te. eVlclosf'lI\, Ohly tke a.ir sl-re{A~


    Qt1~" :: h1t:cw- (~'2.-"")
    ='(§Ul k-~/~11A)(2 88,IS -300.f~) kJI/~
    :. - "" S. 3 k.:t r/ MoI.IA.
    Tk.us) <Q.~-'2'2.::' - Q.G\"t" ) &\.s eKpecflZ.&'.

    4-7/
    PR,oBt..E M 4<D4
    ~IVOWA1; Rcft',,~rA'd 1'34 .... flows -t~ ..S~ .". ""-"'Jo~;"....t /D'P~ Q,.+ s+e-cl'1 .s~J
    F> r t.u"""c~ OP~"'A1t"'" d.Q,.+",,- o.f~ pr--oll,cl-ec/,
    FIIJf>: Detr r _·"'e the e",'c ft'44p, r ,.ft.tr~ ..... et l/eloc..'io-, )Q"'d.~ inlet-ve:loc:.d"y.

    sd. V.pOf) =
    ~8°C.
    ~,,:: lr'l'.jl4AA'''' a2cv = '3.4l<.W

    A.sSVtl"PTloJ\2f: I.T""-a C~~\ l/O'u~ ~ 4c..v"'" ~ +4 'S'c"-t-. h'c. '-s Do.t ~ teo..d)'
    S""4-e.. l.. filr· .......... ~hl VOL~W061 Wcv ~ 0 o .... c:l ikue I'S ""'C C ~~ ~
    po~ ...-\\...t .e~~, 't fr~ ,>1./.-4- to .ev:,'t,
    .~1rl,.'t SIS: A.J- sf e&(.~ ,stAfe I flAil ~Cj,S V"a..f~ lta."u.(C~ ~~rJ..tAccs +0 ~c:: 1M&. £. vk.
    7Z1e ,'i-tle+ VeloG('k, is fov..1IJ.. l£S ~U.c>w.s~ ,
    m: A, V; ~ 'G": W\ "\.1, ~ .. VV\ v,
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    \,. ~ 4('7 "o/l\4lk) ~~\:l
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    ::. "20.7 2 1M / ~ oCl-4~ \f7
    7\ ( e , 04 V\I\ ') :a.

    S,";";I t1yl~ J v; is' ~k.J ~()M. ~l :: Wi" cs .fofJ.o-ws',


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    lA..1A.lc. u.clA.1'YL. •
    A-K04-h-er Y'.ela.fl.~ is l)b~l ~ ee-f L(.S I'~ +'ko. eMeV1f'j ra:/.e bttlauce
    o= acv ,
    +
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    V;
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    J
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    'Z.

    I \'\seV'·h~.s k\l\.f)~V\ v~Lue.s J 1~c.lIA.l.ll·~ hi .frDth 14""~ A,to


    o =(-a.4 ~w )1 ' tIc.~/s k.,) I'~o~\"'l
    k.W +~';JV\ I (,
    s [ (Z.42..~4 - h ~) (if
    ~y
    ~ {(J.O.71. Yvl/s)~- ~7.) t • toJ
    \
    I k,:r
    2. I I&~ '''''''I s'&.
    II 10 J N· \M
    1]
    Wke..,e. h 1..: h (T z..) f'1- ) .
    ~lI.&t+«h\s (*) ~ (*=",) c..tMi\. he solved ~\~l.ll1tA."eou.slJ be" '(.e-4e.r('lV\, +0
    To.b\e ~'L2.for v2., ~ lA~ ,M +vMC~ Qf T z.. ~ j>z. • 'T'\.Vl. }'(ocas is
    I te1'~{we.. To ~VO \c.\ l.+ev-a.+c..<rY\.) / T CJA,.&.1. be ustlCt e.f+/lG+we~ ~ AS teo llows :

    4"72
    PR'06t.6M 4."4 (Cqnl-d.)

    IT Code
    II Data
    T1 =-8 11°C
    x1 = 1
    p2 = 2 II bar
    d = 4 II em
    mdot = 17 II kglmin
    Qdot = 3.4 II kW

    II Determine mdot
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI
    p1 = Psat_T( T1) ,
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI
    v1 = vsaLPx( p1, x1) ,
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI
    h1 = hsat_Px( p1, x1) ,

    mdot = «pi * (d I 100)A2 14) * V1 I v1) * 60

    II Find exit state


    0= Qdot + (mdot I 60) * «h1 - h2) + (V1A2 - V2 A2) 1(2 * 1000»
    V2 I v2 = V1 I v1
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI
    h2 = h_PT( p2, T2) ,
    f l R 1 3 4 A fI
    v2 = v_PT( p2, T2) ,

    IT Results
    T 2 = 4.976°C ~ 5°C :--------------------'l.
    V 2 = 24.08 m/s ~ ~
    V 1 = 20.71 m/s

    t • 'rnes« "",(t.tes c.~ K v~V'i/i~ V.SI·~ &j'.s c*)~ (*>t) WI'+~ da.-k..
    -trOrvl Table A-I2.. ~e rest.tlh COWfA V"e, "~Y"~ 4. vorctbl.j'

    4-73
    PRO/l>lt6M 4. es
    I4NDe.vIJ: WQ..f.ev- i, V\eGt.fe,e.{i+ pc.,se.s -fiA..-o/;(Cjh "- so/c.e.tI" cotleclor.
    A.(

    FltV1>: De-k(ml~e +Lte. V\1/U.s -Clow rafe of w«ter ~ -fke ~e.t."",b~r sf. ~a.lltmS of
    heal-eeA f.c,u;c;fe,,.- ~t , coUecfbfS" C(l..1It p'('()Vtae ;t,t -.30 I'M' ' '
    SCU€M4T1'- j 6-'V£IJ :PArA:

    A = 32 ft2

    , ';1)
    ..
    Water in
    ,4§stJ "",,,noNS : ( I) The corafv'o I voltA me is ctt G,Vl :. 4_ At 110°F
    s.+ea.d.~ s~i(l. (2-) FoY" +K€ coYlivol VDUAVYI€..) 150 Btu/h . ft2 ~~~<}---
    'ttJcv:o 4e-( klkefic. (4~d t:>a+CwkAI
    e~ev"g~ ef.fecf.s tllfe V14..~II·' 'ble. C~) ThE.
    ~ beLw.ves a.s lUll c..oV\(P'('~SS: ihJe
    ,')\
    s ().~~~Io'tce wi-tlll Co 2 c.9QQ 8~/ lb. OR.

    )rNA--L'IS/S:. Tht. ~~~ flow V"~ is tAe4eN-tt\\""-QJ. US(~5 f{A.R. s+~~ -st-+e
    eY\e('~y \oC(\o..l.\ce.) 0..<> fo llows

    o~ Q.(N ~-J0 + 'IYl l(h l- ~~) +~\~:') to ~(~l-~)J


    W~eY"~ oM, e, ~ '" m . w..\.+~ Q,v ~ Q'''' - Chos.s
    '!. ~VJ. ().s>\A,~1\o""" (3)

    0::. 0.,,,, - Q + ~ (~\- \A. \0\$ 7. )

    CD IMI~ ~.312.ob.» ~,-~, ~ CCT,-T~)


    . .
    + 1r~:). "T"kMs
    ~ ~ &"..... - Q l o~s
    C (T,.-T ,)
    ~,(O'N\ the ~\"e~ ~ J Q,.",::. (\SO eAu./L... ++~) (3 2. +t~) -::. 4800 IO~/~ o.,~
    ex \~S '::. (,'3&:.) G"" =. 11'l..~ l5M/k. I~$erh""j "A.kus
    . ('1800- li'2-S) e\v./~ I· 1 h i e .
    Y'tl :.. r, ~ I,' i ~ b( 'fY\ \ "" Y'Y\
    ~o ~\"" . . . . ~-------:.-;..
    C
    \.1 1bw.,/lh·"Il) (30 e.)

    [t'! )0 Wlli..., Oke c.ot/.ec.:{·ot' C~/;( provide -rite CDUow,'K.j 0. MOlA.IA.+ of 140°F wa..Jg,(':

    ~ :: J t~ eli
    ~
    =. ~ At :: (1.71 I~
    MI'"
    )(30 ~t"") = 51.3 IblC()Ueclor
    I

    71w.~ I~ VOltAMe is
    V: Vl'\ 1r2" :: (51. '3
    .
    Ibjutfe~) (0.0/'2'1 ~')
    v
    I I
    O./1J"B -#
    8~1 ~/edr.::
    31 =6.25 ~teClW>/'
    lVk.eV'~ 1T~ 'X /(J /4D o F -froM
    'V' To.bl.e A- Z€.. J:', cAC( (.t'j I +o-r et~l.d" co Uec.;fofS

    v** :. (8 (.f)L(ec..tot"S)(b .2.5 c:~laor) : . 5D9«'/ < v**


    I. 4J+e.vVlNh~p~ J ~. a.l~ COlMa ~ 'III.vol<eJ. -?o ob~tAA mSQ.we "~su.li.

    J!/-74
    p~O~LeM 4.""
    kNowN: 'DP--tA.. Ar~ pyoViod -fev tA.. de S~p~rN. ~ 0pe.r-Dh·""7 ed" SfeA~ r+o..~.
    f=/i'J'D \(4)n,r 41' spc>".P.·ccl +e""tp.e"'A~"'e.. ~ e. ~"'IM-t'1rl e ~
    fr-+M <,,-I-'v,''''f ...t,''i v.'d...
    .241i1l.d ~H' f<41N ~ .(bJP-to1 ~ Lte;v.cL ..".....U ~fAJ ~V"'''''fu.$ ~ f-'·ljv."cl
    1f~A.\1J..r-t.
    ~c..~MI\'TIC ~ " ,,~,.., 'J)1t 711:'
    T
    3

    v
    A.tso "",p,., 0 "-'&: I· A c.o~ +n> 1 110 Lv ~e. q It' Co (0 S , '" 5 ~ d e r VI' e-t" ~ CP •+'" IA.\.I e ~
    (I..\- I o.~cl 't. --.;. _....",·b ~"3 i4 0.* Sfw.,cl,s+--f.t. 2· fi,..+~ ,--h-o\VDlv"""""J Wcv'=O
    o.~ cl. ki.....\- -T-r"'-"'t t-v ""'L~ ~ ~",r",vl'\oli ~r c..,..., -..c ,.~ ~r. d. t::c11~ n'c. o.to\ c:l pot<"' h·....l
    .e",.rji ~(,t1 c..&-. U I~ "'-Or-e cl -
    A"" "'\,.'1's\t: T""-e \Moto\t ~hA.lA.lo\f..t "-* ~-f.e4..,\ S~~ W-1+~1.:'~.3,
    1'\.'\~ ~Uler.,y r"",t~ b .... \Arle..t. ... i- &~el1 s~ ~~ ~ 10 Ll~:
    o ~~-y:; *- ~,[h, ~%~J+ ~~L~~t-~ytJ - ~3l V\J-¥4~3J
    O -- ~ ,h\ ~ ""'" ~ '-\'L - t tN. 1 o\-~ d ~l

    IT Code
    p1 = 30 II bar
    =
    T1 320 11°C
    mdot1 = 15 II kg/s
    p2 =25 II bar
    T2 = 20 /I °C
    p3 = 20 II bar

    h1 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    CD h2 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2)
    h3 =hsaLPx(IWaterISteam", p3, 1)
    mdot2 = mdot1 * «h3 - h1) I (h2 - h3))

    4-75
    IT Result for T z = 200°C
    =
    h 1 3043 kJ/kg
    hz = 852.4 kJ/kg
    =
    h3 2799 kJ/kg
    mdot2 :::: 1.879 kg/s

    ~.~ rC'Lllt U> MfGtY-es ye('j .retvo r&(~1 ':1 wi+lA +1Ae. res lA L+ Qf ~ r+ (""). -rltw.s \'()l'~
    I

    -t\Ae. OO\'V\flA.+e ...... ~olM.·h(ho\ ,,~~~&l:LteJ ) use. ~ E.xplore butto\l\ CMAel sweep
    T"2. froM 2..0 +0 2. "U)0c. t~ s+~r~ 'Of- LO. Tk-e.. re~uJh'~5 tAcd~ 'l ve (.A.{J;i!c1 it:>
    C(JYl6trlA.C 1- f1A.e. ~ lLow', ~j q>lof:

    2 -,...--------------:l

    1.5

    (j)
    -.
    Cl
    .l<:
    ~

    N
    ·E

    0.5

    o +---;-----r---r-.,----,----,---r---;,-,...--""i
    20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
    T2 (OC)
    . ~
    A=55UMpnoA!S: (I) The c.ovttn:>1 voLume lS' (A.+ .steAt1~ s/YA."k. cz.) Held- 1'mttsfe.,..
    Wl'f~ tlAe S(,4.rr-ou,~in,s is 'YJ~Ii~;lole,a.ttltl WC:v'=o.(3) k"iAetlc (JM.J. yolea-rha{
    elllev9f:1 ef+eck a.re Y\e,Ji~i,J,/e-
    AtJA-LYSl s: To feit\o. W\Z } be<J ill\ wl~ #1e. s~·5~ft: muSs Wt-lt( eken:J':1
    bAlaKces ~o. ,:./"0. 2, • \fi ~
    <0 =-)c(cv -rev
    r M, (h. t ~ t-c;j ~,) -+' ~ 2. (h-z.+ ~ t-~~)
    • \];2-
    - ""'3 (h 3 + ~ -t 1i;~)

    Wi-lk m, ~ ~ 1. : M 3 ~Y\& ()'''iSu'~''''':O'k (3)


    o ::: f1it I h. t- rh 2. h"l,- (~ ,r Mz.) h.3
    or
    . . (h.-h 31
    W\'Z" =. ~I h1-k,]
    Fn:>n-t TtA.b/~ A - 3
    7j ~ ~ec;t a.t 7 bar. l+ef,tce I sl-a,fe.
    J I is ca~t1esseJ Ii~ u14.
    U~lih~ E~. 3.1'1 ~ do.;fo.. froftl Tobie A-l ~ /.f1.°C

    f". 'Z h.p (r) + 'U"fL,) [r - p~(r)]

    := VIS." k'J'II'j i-V.008b XlO-'~)


    , ( 1111()S N/nt
    7- O.082fo8J bo. r f biAfr-
    2
    ! IO'I kT
    N -""
    ':. 11 fo •", k:J"~
    Fu,r+he..r, ft-OM Tabl.e. A- 3
    V12,::' ~·h.+ )("Z."'f4'j'L = ~'t7.2.2+(.'81().o"".3) '=. 21Z,'2..2. kJ"'(~
    h3 : "q7.2.2. k:rtlCj
    h"'OI.U~
    L1" .ft, - vn. z2 ~
    \'\1
    'L.
    -: (70 kjl s )
    -: /8.0 l~/5~<
    t
    t- 'i7. 2.'Z. - 2.12.2._2
    ~

    4-77
    KNOWAl: Two d-u.cfs e«.t'"f{1'''' ~~r Ii... a. ".e,.,,;I..ila+~ s~s.Je.1IIl lttl~r1~ '~c>hE'.. ex.it
    dusr. :PC<. f<A.are k,-III-OWY\ o.t tLte. ,.. . ,efs tl ~c:i ex i+.
    fl ND ~ D.ekvorhlVa e tt.te e.xit +e~~ra./tA('e tMtd +~e. ditlMil-ek-r Dff1te. e~l+J.L(ct.
    .scHeMM" $ GrlV6-AJ PM/}:
    :0& ~ Ll -f.t- I
    \f.'\ : &.too -H-IM\"\
    ~ ':: eoDF
    l

    ~If"),.:; :;).()OO ft-S/U\~ ~r-=""=",,,,=r='-.M


    3
    ~ :. boo fH 1M.\l.' P-= £ af V'Y) :: 14,"l .loof/, j... 2.
    T,,::' 4cPF
    ASSUMpnDNS: (I) Tke.CDYf,trol voLu.me. is A.'f sfeatJ.'j sl-a;fe.CZ) Hea:~-/w.Ylsfer
    w,rh t£,e stlrrcundl~~s is neo'iOi.hle. J a.~ W,.. =0. (3) Pofeutia./ el-teY'fJ~ elteds
    CttM be ~€.6lecfetJ" The. ttir he-ttCtves 4S 41-\ ide.AI tJ4..S Wlfl1 ~fo.~-t ~ec;fi(. heA-ls.
    (I.{)

    MfMN&IS', To -f-l V\e( (3.J be." i 1ft !.Ott"" .st~-s+-aA-e mtl(;s e..lt1.ol fMe,.~~ ~)(~.Ia. H ces

    ;./f 0 ,
    ,;.?' Z> 'l. ~ ~
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    ~ ... ...'" ....,
    M, + ttl 3
    - M 3 ::. '0 =-> V"\.., :. Wl,
    "'"
    t- V\I\ -.z.
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    o ~ -m, [Ch,-k3) t-~~ ] ~ ""..[ (h 2-k,) t{' ~v;~ ]


    ReJe.rrl.1tt9 -to
    Ta~le. A - 20 fE. I D. '2. 'I B.f.u.llb .DR "r : -lor +ke. -k-V\I\pe. rtJ.fu,r~
    rD.~e ik ~ probk.M. Usilft~ Ak :LCpAT

    o :. ~, [epCT,-T3)] i-vVt:L [ep t l "2,- T 3 ) +<.tr2.:-~) ]


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    o
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    .2.8.Ql .". DR.

    =3"Q. 5 ,r, I MilA

    (:2.()coo) (1'1.,) I L'I'f l


    ~bl ~;k
    :.
    (~s;.;, )( soo) -=. 158. 8

    4-78
    f'va{u.l(..f.I~~ tke ku4e+ic. eKet'9~ feVWL

    'h ~ \Ii7..
    2..
    : (h 00 2;,. "'00
    \ 2.
    z.) ""t '2.
    YlJ\I",'1.
    I' ~'Il
    '2. ' I \bf I 6~
    56eo s 1. ~2. 2 1~'f+1 s-a. 778 -fhlbf
    I
    = D.OD"J ~/lb
    J'lI\ se rh~.9 v« Lf.Ae S

    CD T:: (3"~.S ll>/l'i\'' ' )(,24 ~)(5tiOO~) ... (lS8.8) (.1.\{) (sco) + (0.00111)
    ~ (3~1,S + IS8.~)(.Z.'f')
    ~ 528 o{< ~ to80F~< --=

    To ~ e t J),3 , Y1 ore fblt:<Jt


    ""3 : . w\, + M1. : S 2.8. 3 ~1 (~~ 11\

    1ktAs .
    ~ l'\f\~ 'S'f:5 )
    A3 ::. -- RT3 ~3 ::
    2..8.'f7 (528)(5 2 8 .3)
    :. /1.57 # '
    ~ p,V3 Q~.1)lll{l(l(L.l£)o)

    Jlf~
    ~c!
    :D~= ~ Lf.73 -¥f-_ 1>3

    I. fJote. tkAf if kL~e"'lc eVlerqCj is )1e~(ec.te& tkef'e. is vir+lA~l~


    11D ef.!ecf' OVl ~e. te..VV\p e.V'C<.k,A.,fe. e<+- ~e. e.~ l t.
    KNowl\J: Tk4l el,cfyoV\A.·(. COlMop0"1e""ts of C~~,-"le. ~ 8 ca,.(' cooled b'J Q.,'r
    ,f<..wll1; -t~IASl.. tNi e.l~c.-Iro"",,·cJ' e '" c...tof CAre.
    FIN~: 0. {.c ... _·t\e +~ ,-t ..t.a,., .. cave,..,.~ r-....... f-.ce.. +e......".........A fc..t.,'4! "6 ~
    CO~OI1E'f\." -fw """"-0."'" S p~e'''fr'e 4. 1.i"""C,'''h e..,..e ~ t. .
    S:Cl-itMI\"'"T1C' <! GtV1A..:l 1),<\71\:

    T,
    A'·'f"'te~A.~~ :
    T",,= '1j T'&. +
    'Z..
    \\A= 5 W/K

    ASSVMP1:tONt~ I. Tk~ e.L~c.l-r"""",·c. c.e!)"'"-pOI1t'OO\TT 'fe1"W\ +""- r'1s-kwt,/ c.vc.."••ci-; c.; ~


    5+euy &~te..
    Ar.J~L.VSlS: The e""er-a, ~V\.$~ ~ +&....l. ~lec.1v'''''''"''·<.: co ~oVle'''1.iI to "tIM a,-I"'"
    b~ Co,", \I ~c n' 0\0'\ "s

    ([/:.t ~'1 s·h."" J -f'G- AJl.H.fv.,·(. pol.Ve,... prDv,'u c:L fo -tC-- ~~ +v\c.. C0--P0"'~I'\1J
    e,\\I,.lt-tlA.a. tlA~~ N.~c:l D1l ~ ~"'S'~: Q.c.= SOW· AISDJ 0

    h A ~ sw Il<. . ~l v-. So1) .p..


    Is) ~.f-i~.f1-.4 7i:: t:t '3" Go"" cI. 1i.. ~ 3 osx: (~, c) z:
    IS": 1A. -to- cO e ...
    nA
    .
    ~ = (lj -to T2,) -e.. a>c.
    ~ "2- hA

    TS ~ e~5 ~30r)l< +

    I. TliI4s u-lo.c olo~\~~c:1 ~\l'] b o...rplO'","-, eA."'- el1e,..~'7 rA.-k bA.lA.lI\U to


    0... s'1 oS ~ "'" Co 11 S " ,1\ II\. j
    d
    of- +""" e.t ~ c.ty-~. c, C-f) VVwf' OI1-e 6'\. tt ,

    '1.. f&y ~'~I,J, I ~c:.ut'\·1J"f -t-t""'1'A.f'4 ~,,~s wi~"'" -+t.- A.Lu.ty-"""",,'(oS' a.v~
    ~"o,d4'cl l?'a ~~lli""j +1- surfa(f' -k""'1'«4""'a /-cA.~ ?S.
    'PR.oBLEM 4.ro
    /<:'NO"""'/oJ: DA+A. At"< I;)roll.·~td rot'" a.", eleclYo"'--\'cS -t""c.Lc",,(.l~ coo t e d b"j cv,\
    GUr fc.o...., ,·""duc.ecl h tl A -fA",.
    F/~C·. 1)-e~r..."....",,:c. +I.o-.A vol(.;...,.....!'v~t. f-lOo...v t"'Ak o-{ ~ air" r-r-:» 1W!f4/11,

    Wel/: -l2.S'A/+ IOOWJ


    =- I2.SW
    = - 0, ~'2.S 'fC.W

    ASSVV\"Pl"IONS: 1- 7~ C4M+-( VDt<J~ Sk.oUN'\. &...:. ~ ac..k.o~4h'c. ,', a.+ .r~chl ~-/7.ff,
    Z. ~ ~ ~.fvp..t lib lllw-A 1 k.-.e -h---ts'r IN. ~ 1'- t'1.A.('Y'DllfI\.el.t.'~1.t all. c:l .Ac..~J;":e.j P0-H&4-h M
    b"t"''1 ~fi'tk COol/\. ~ ,'j......,..,..cl. 3, ft.'" &4 ~ cL••R.ul ~ _ 'd..swJ ,a so,
    ANAL't'&/S: Ai S+c-.dy s~ ~,:. ~-.. :: ~ . T"'-~ e""''''1Y ....--of.< /-;)l\.l4.l'\c~ .;'\..LA.~

    o :~" - We-v -to w. [(h,- £t~)+ ~ -e ;01.)J


    -M ': ( -We>!)
    ~1.-\-t,

    0--;.. .. s, ~~ 1"'- ..: c:L-l. J (,00 A..1 VA h.Ao. 1 s ft...b.

    ~ ~ (~\f),(J,
    ~T,

    CUl.cl i"'~~+CI'\.5 ~&-+-.) ~cLc'~ .el\"""-1f'1 ,,~fr"- 7~ A .."z..

    Clt~/-= (lITt'L (-wev)]


    \: PI I '" 1. - ""

    4-HI
    Pf2.o8LEM +.11 •
    kNO<UIV: 'DA.+'" (lo,"'< pro",'decl {or c.uQ,'fer-j4("et~c:I ~CAsi"", f,·{lec:/.
    Co. w,·ft---
    el<?e~c. c.0--P0lfle", ft ,I wk...ck &.:i "..+ ~ +--dy S ok . +--
    ,:'/"''0: 1)e+e..........·""e +-~ "",()'lCi~\A.'-"\ power i""\,,,,,,,+ .(...0 so.../-:s.f-y
    0.. l.·~ o..,;~ +e_p.r... ~r"< '1 T'~ (.uA.-f-.t.- e-.c.i-h·V\j 4i.....e. e ...c.loSUI'{f!.
    SC!4(t\I1I"tTIC. a Go t Vt.N D~ 7,4\:

    •
    + Wc,l/
    ..,.. --- - -----/

    AS.SVMP"O~S: I. T~ c.o",+.-ol VotvlNl.Q. .st.e:»~"", ~ +t..... 1c::.t...4lM.Ah'c.. is A+ Sf-<,..di


    S'+...-k>~ z. FW-~ e...-~ Vl>l~lMC. I I.1eA.-# N-lI4.II\S-tv VJ~tz,.. ~ gu.Y'Yr)ulAtL.t'~1.f ~
    b.c '·~I;\.fr.. c:l J AI c.A'" ~/·vud;;,.·c.1 f'<'~"'.(,:,...( .e..".....,..s '1 ~c.ts. 3. ~r -t~ w-.+e,..
    (i) ~"'Wl~ ..w;-f\~S -f'v k.CA.t'· j h ~ ~C'l').
    (A",-d
    d
    Af-.'At-'1"'Sl s: A+ ~y .s+-.i-t., ~ I :. ~ Z. =. ~ • A~ .e~r17 ~ b ,.,l4ll\C.e.
    (el-dS

    w~~ ev ( "', - ~~ )
    ~ ~ l~~ tr e ) -"'~ t r~))
    T 1- ~ "2..<.P 0c..
    Wcv? w. ( "'~ (1.1.... Co) - "'~(1.~"c.) )
    "> (\0 ~.J ('l2:n -[0'1,01) ~ ~;~--III ~;% I I
    WCl/ > -:2.1Q ~ \AI lIIii:::<:::---------------
    t. Al-\'t.r_a.\.·,,, ... l..t, 5',. ~."'to b u/\~ C. .(."'0_ \(A.'\e. A- \'\ (eA. __ ~e. v..~ t.cl.

    2. B~ ~ u.su.Gl.l ~i~Y\ c.o\'w~h~) rtp(.e.se.V\.+-:; ,?cwetr O~+Q?~' He.Vlce)


    W,v
    4k C<n\st<-oilA-t ov\ ~ovJeY" \ ~~U:t to.M 'o.e.. e-~p'(esse..J. o.ltexV\cdw~~ il-\ +e-rMS
    o.f ~ ~~\\e'-t ute e~ We-oJ (U
    D ~ \ WCv \ ~ .1.1'1 kW

    ~-8Z
    ~ '·.Hw~: '1:)..;.~ Al"~ pr"vl"ded -for e! ~c.~.c. C.O~OIllP'" h '""-'v .... {4>c::I ~
    c.. plak -+I.....:t- A,rt (..OtII'eci "''7 Ct:Inv-(O~-h'on +O-f"'-I"' ....I"OVIACU·"',S c1t-\d
    WA~ Ctn::.c,.dA. ....• "".5 T~Iol..t' c:..... T-.o...... bol-'\.cLtc:l -to ~ to l4t~. Opel/a f,'<JY\ j~ J
    .s~dy s-+-.-k .
    F I un : 1)e ~ ........ ""'-t ~ 4- b-t. ~'A """" e -k-r.
    SCH-l"MlrTI ( ~ tf> I~EN J:>hTA:
    Convection •
    cooling on Q..::. _ 0" 0 i''' W'
    / top surface <."

    .> -.':
    ~
    ~
    =
    T2 24°C 1
    --V •
    TI = 20°C We,,: - o. 'St<-W
    VI =O.4mJs
    Water

    A.$SV""""I/O~S: ,. A COl'\h-o\ Voll.."",c. e",c.t.,(e,s +'--. pLAf,.-"""'Ovlo'\. \edct.lec.tr.........·c...


    C0-PClVlt'l'\tt y,,-ko. 4.10\ i"" I~'\- "* \ ~ ~ ~"t-....t- 1. z.. ~ Cb",,-.-h-ol vt>1U'~
    <D Ls A.t S~ciy s.\-...+~. g. t:i,.t,,- ""'A~ ~""Wllo\4t A.!'tif.·"'~1 h."'V""'f(T)
    4. """'~""c. I)'" to"te",hM -e""e",::,Y -e.~ e.1's
    Al'\Q
    c._ l:J.e.. -..J j'~ ""-Of'ed. J
    \1"-v.f.li).

    A,..,M. '''IS: Af S~r.c~) ~ ,:: ~2. :: ,.,.;" AISf1J

    ~ ': A,~ _ 6t D~4 J v;'


    'Ui ~(T.)

    p.".. ~~ b,..e....·.. -. ~

    0: Qcv - Wc", "*' ~ [\"I-"~) ... <;2;f?) 'i:. a~)]


    • t a2cv - We" ] ( a2cv - 'We" 1
    1M -
    '" 1. - 1-\ I ~(1l. ) - hf £7; )

    w.~ c! .. t-.. fr- I ... Ii.1-( A-.L. :


    \Iv(71.)'- 100,,'1 ~":)/CJ

    (4-)(1" 0018 /lo J) vv. }rj


    3
    r (-0.08- (-0"~1) ~J"/.s "'\
    7t' \ o"4--Is) L (!oO""':f - i:Vib) l'.:l/~~ oj
    : C). 00 &~ Vl'\ \ IO~'" t
    ~ o. 8'\ CJN\,o "~a-----------------'I
    I. II 1~t' .. "h~l'1J -t~ tV\, c.o~("al h/~ ~ cLc.l e:.- ~ UH d,) u.ol~ G.,. 1.'2.0 10 "'-'" cl
    c.. for-- 7,.bl~ A - I~ •
    ~NlOU'AJ: 'DA.~ Arc prOIlI'cl~cJ -('0(" e It"c ~'<:.. C~O...... ~ ~""*' ~c:l. 1l"\A.~
    •",.,e,... ~I.\."'-f-c~ ~;;" L...-IJM-tM.. ~c.T. Tk..., ~~K,,,,i1 t:A.ve C4>oled b:, GUt" .flowl·~
    ..}-~ ~~ -I-"-c. ~ "" cW- A-.t "'1 e:e- vee -h'""" r;.""-
    -te-L D Co\.-+-.r ~ lA rf-., ( e .
    i=IND: 1)« ~,,--. -tt-~·..,i I<.\v..... ~+ "fy-#ll1r+r fr""-...f't- CHI...+e".. r~-fa.te.
    -f,.v ""1.04",,,- A.-e.~ ~ -f1'- ~ih""'J A i r ~~er-fA fw-re e,;, SAflS cJ. f'f
    SCH'l~~/C & GIV61o.J Dtl\'7A:

    Convection coolingon outer surface

    •
    W cv =- o. 'Zt:W
    Electronic components
    + mountedon inner surface

    . A.S.sO(\1 PT(O"-'S: I. Tk.Q c..oY\.-IYo1 Vl>{v~ -S-kc(.L)I'\


    ,
    in. r/.....t.. Sekf/Nl/ll-h'c.. ;S ""'+ S;te-~
    ~~~. 2. T~ fA ,'r &.Q ~ c:I...R.o ~ A.s A". I c:k-t ,4.$. "3. l<:: I ""-Co h' Co """,,,,({ PI> ~ fA "'-<"
    .e"' Qr 5'f e.fJce..tI C-A-...... b.c. ' .1
    Jo-ot'e. d.

    . .
    ~ I '= "" 2..:'"
    . I W ke t"'GL

    ~l)~/t).Jj'
    RT1/P,
    It. (0.2",) \.. (0.1 "'is) ( loS r-J I "",1.)
    ::: 0.0 1\ IC~
    4 (1'31'+ N'W\)(2 tf t IC) .s
    titc.'l1 It:~.t:-
    1M. ~".r~::1 ra.k b""I ... l'\~ 1..0

    o ~ Qc" - We., ~ ~ [l~I'" ~\.)~ ~+ ~ l~)J


    W,,, 4- ~ (~1.-L,,)
    Wc.v + \0:\ ( h lT~) _ hiT.))

    S',,,,c.e.. T'L ~ 3 13K(4-o"C)

    Gcv ~ (-0.2. !'w) +0'011 t::l;L h('a131c:\ - h(Z.(j~~)J (~~)} :~sl


    <. (-o.2..~W)-+ @.Oll ~1)l('313.'3- 'Z.~i.2.)~) l ~~~Jl

    -
    <: ". e ~4 ",'W ~-4------------
    'PfZD8£,6~ 4.14
    ..
    KNOWN: A "'" .-. 0 Ih ~ ~ e.XPA\I\c:.lS +t,\'{OW;~ A.. vl-L\I~ +rOM C4. k~owY\ rY-e~SlAt'c..
    Oo.'A.cl tt2.vwpQV"Q.MVe it> o: ~WeV\ +t~Co\.I pY-es~u.Y'e.

    ftNp: l>",+e.vt')ll,tAe +ke elCi+ etua.liJ.,. 'r '01-


    SCHe.MJ..-TlC ; G-l VW 'DA1A', ~
    p,= tH MPe\ (I) t.!.... (z.} 'P-a. = OfO~ ~p~
    :. L.., Ie> Q. V'" '®~ :.. O. fl· bee. I"'"
    T, := '?>').. DC :x7. ':. 7'

    v
    A§SUWlPTlOI\JSo: (I) A control volt,(,W/Q. -eIl\.G~S,l-l, +k~ VCl'Ve. is a.+ 6te~ &~1e.
    ~) the r~fyi~-eV"'()'IA.t: lA£I\ele¥"8 oes ~ ~r()ttl,,,,, 'Proc.e~s: j h,,: h-z,.
    ANALYSIS: Acc.oydt~" +0 daA-a..from Ta./oJe. A-l'-lJ a,f Pi ~ ll.( bAY''; Tsa+ :~("'2k> °c,
    S,Vtce T, <: 7S4+ .) s-k:.k /'s ,'", tite. CDMlprecs.e.d. /i~u)d V'€5itrlA•. For -sIM'PUci4.':f)
    o we. use. Ef' a. 14 -Jo eV'tt-/u.,a:Ie. ~. J a$ff,UOlAJs:
    hi % h.f CT.) :. 312.11 Ic::r/ te.,
    w~e.r'e ~Q. value.. i s olokt-t.l.t~ -h-bwt TQLJ/-e. A-l') .
    i3!J a,~$UVl4p1-l01i'\(-z.)
    1.1,: h,
    =- ~+'2. + k"Z.
    Vt.f.94-
    S dt v ,'V\j ~ / £..J ser+~i:5 oIa.-Ia. +,rom 7~IoJ-e. 4-- N 4-+ p~ : O. g J:,a"r

    hi - l1f 2-
    h.ts '2a

    ::. S1l.lllc.:r LJCj - G\. 0«; I~"J"Il~


    r?>g2.13 kJ"/~
    = O. "2.'!?> 1 C1."l:Sl!jc X2,

    4-85
    KNOWN: Pr-o po. v\(. eXv>c(\l\ds +lA('ot.(.~ IA ~ valve ..frOM (). k.now" inlef sf-a.-k fo a..
    ~tt()wn exit p~s:sute. .or
    FINO~ 'J)ererrn,~e. ~e. e.~it +e""'p.era.fu.Ye.
    SCH-EMML(. ! ~\vctJ DA--TA: /" .. -,

    ~
    f \2-
    '"

    4- 8(p
    PIlOBLGM 4·%
    /C./VowAJ: "DA-+- cV~ pn:wlOd. -+M....-oTtltl'\) CAl 011 INle';""'- a-I+rt( k~(/ 7b c:.o....
    -/w- A.

    lA.r1< p'p~ lL,.r~ t\., ~ ~ - p ~ k4) ",,'d - ",,?"""' ~kA(-E". a~. hIM rs ..1 s~cJ::J
    s+x.-k.· ~ ~l.t16 s+4\1\ClZ. is Jho,
    Elf'JO'. 1)e.(.c,............ ~ +t...t ~""~~ 1> "P,•.,,'01+II"'3 4.{~I·lNt</A.r ..,e,y,·t ~"""""Pcr .. f<..tv~.!
    ~ ""'w~ -t~ ~v"e.t. e-... q~ \-e; .......... ~ .......... iv~/,~ sfe.,.Jo4o\ 7 L-' ~ r'p~)~
    .... ~ c.(' .... r~~ .... s 1"'1."'5 ~ :i
    s-l-e..- 1 VA /' f; \/6. ((;C~S,
    Sc tT1:-M 1\, lC ~ (;'1 ~f.j 1)t\'7,q.::
    ()(. -=1,0)
    T

    .",..

    ASSUt\'tPT(O,...,~~ I. T'- co'" fypl v st» ..... e ~~e.-J'" in +I-v f"ut"e ts A+ .s~"dy
    S~~, ?, T&v ~P~" S ,'f/If\ ~u~ ~ c,.1~'lI04eW "v:Uur'e,f to Tk +"'-t-off1,''''-'
    ~GC''l:.S' \IVoooU..l: '-"1.-:t. k,) w"-uc. "" '= ~t,-E->'l (h81-~f,)'
    ~1lJl,"(S'IS: <,...,,'..fC.- 4UvlM-pn'"", "2..

    (I)

    c.vIUt< ""'"' ~ o-:t- ~ .sw,'+ :$ f\lc~cl "tJ T~I P, J At\.d ~ "'" ~J+ ~ s~p.crN ...-{td
    V --r-t"" Ot' 1~ ~ ~.~ 1 $A.~~O 'V~. At $0 J 11-- 1 u..4t; x., tA ~'i c..1"~ cL
    .ftl b..e .Jl.Ass-tt-.t"l 01") w.~ ..ti~/.e1W.1 to '.0,

    n( lk) P:l.} = h~ (PI)


    -= '2.'=19&. I 4:":lIe,

    ":t",wro{~·~,...:.. -r~ Ill· V. ""* o·{,.....'O..... ~ l~ 'k = /5/ °C .


    T ~ ..t. \011 fOd: ~; t +t~.., ~r C ) II n; C-#J rr'. sf"-W' t:L.o -re S A.r-v..rll. i-t- cl
    "~'~i fi",) ~ C,J..(WI·w~ttlr)ft>,.w~' ""-, h~= '2.~, s- Ii:.<J /It=j Ct",cl 7:€ = q'·boC .
    51·(.1) ~'b-
    ?C.7SS- 7,z.SI
    .: O.q +'1
    '2.D ,:r.3

    1·0
    KNDWN: Refri~ertud 13'tG\ expCt"ttts +hrou,9h e, va\v~ froM ~ k...-town iYllet
    shtfe +0 0... k.vtown -fllAA.{ 'Pf'e~su.~.
    EINta: ])e+erMi~e +ke ex.if- 1-ef\'\per-o..+u.r.e. Q.l'\et ~lAali+~ . J
    ~

    ~CbtEMM1C. i ~LVc,j D~A: T:

    AS)UMeT!ON5~(I) The coVlfrof t<.-l~t{~ ~


    vow.me is a.t steo.&!j stak.. I (~",-
    2.. ~ ~O'}:4--4-
    (2)I1fl~t -Irrul.rfe(' is ne:JlijilJe,)·'£:t. u
    and W cv =0. (3) k,iAefi.c. a~& F: =11.{0 'lot/I""'&. ~=SO i~
    pofeu.fja.{ elt1er9'1 e.Ftec:fs e re T, =so OF 2-
    1I\~li~,hle. (#trottll~~ process) .
    tr
    ANAtV5IS: 7n o..ccorda.Vlc.(l./wifh +"'(2. ~'~l.tD'\1>ft.Ol\.s for o: +hrotfll'rtj proces.s) .
    hI :.h~. From T~ble.A -II E j -r, < TSA f @ (C{o fJ,f(,lA1.. T~l(",sJ fl-..e 'Vllet <s1o.ie. IS
    lit. flu. U5Mp(t'~se~ {iJuicA r~it)')\.. ::q~.orr~ +ke effect of p~ssu.('e.. O't'\ +£u.
    e~~ of +Wz. (It"-l~J Tttble A-tOE' tll"e~

    h. % hf (gO°F) = 37.21 5-k-t1lJ,


    SUA ceo. h't'::' hI :: hf +
    2. 'C2. "'f~"1. ) dltt~ froM Table A-l\ E. a.f 50 IW/I'it", ~Ii;e
    h-z. - hf 1..
    hf <J 2.
    3>1.:>'1 - :ltt.l'i
    R3.l.'t
    4i;---------------------:..:.:
    ::. 0.1 Sg ....

    4-88
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) il.-te CClt-!ro{ vq(~~e is t:t+ ~+~~ s~:k.
    (z) For flMz. CDl1ffO/ VO[tA.MlZ / 6(c.v: 0 a..Md Wc:v -=-0.
    (.3) Pc:>+e",+i.tM ~e.V"g!1 etfech o~e lAeJ Il.Sl/a Ie.
    ANM..YSI5 ~ (Q)To ~-e.J..e~~,~e. eK~+ :+k.4 vetocd.y I .b~I·a.c.. wi-/{ -f(.e.. ~'s bet!aMce
    ~ ~. 4. tl ~.~ W'I, = m z, :. rY\ J tM\.c(

    ~ = A I \r;' : Az. \Tz. ~ v::. ~ I , V7 , 1.1"'2- = (~ )'1. Vi 1):


    "l.1i .",..z.. '2. A"2. '\1", ch. . ~ . ~

    tJo~, V; /-r, :. w.. lA, :: 4~/7t'~11. :C;jA.SEW.J.~"'j "A~


    ':E = (4) C·lI \615) : )0.17
    1J" I 7t (.o931~.ft) '20
    Titus
    v;. :: ;2 c), /7 (~ )~ -o-cTz .J r~ ) ,
    ( )

    ~ J w 'd1 "tr, = D, q q'2. -PfI·tllo ko tv! T~J.e, A- 4 e.


    ~ ~ (;2. 0, 1"'1 ) ( o,tt, 2.) :: ;2 0 to I #/ S
    Pf'Orli1 eSee ~t i+ LS ke(es;s~vy .f.o fix ~ 2 k WA.(u/(.t~
    CI) W v;, ,kno-l-ker
    re: Jo.+~ is O~~eM froM +u-e evtev,!1 ba~ce ad- .s+el..~ "We,
    o ~(v~o \.,/0
    = .
    -,)"'J'v + V\;1
    [ \r.' :z. \h ~ .:» 0 ]
    (I..,-~,) -I- ( 1-2." ) r~ (y.- l~) (2.)

    ~ = J2.C"',-~'Z.)+
    .frcrm TClbJ.e A - 4E.

    \J2.:: ). [L2?1l.S - ~(T~.)f~)1~1:~2.~ t~~~I:>~h;~6:lbff+~o.t)I.f+ls)'1. (~)


    E1 ~~t-~.s (I) ~ (3) CAM be ,}olved ~f~ ....(+a&1eot.4slj u.sii'tf tJ.a;I-.. .fro~ 1QJ,J.e
    A--4e. ~k.~ a,1I\ i-teviit:hve fY'oc.ec-s. Ike Y~~l,A.bkl(Y"'e/'h-r a,/J.z,=o.'Z.s
    7;. : 434'. b IPFOOill~~ _

    v;: :: 3.1 i 0 .f+l S 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    4-gq
    pfl.DI!JLJ5iVI 4.78 (CQK+d.)

    (bJ Tl1e .f.otlow;n5 IT CAHl..e


    QssDctQ,fed cJ..Ct.~ -n,r
    CAK
    SJ.efA.Wl :
    be k.se.d to solve er.s .e,) 4Ik.IJ. Cz) w;+1-t +lte
    p1 = 500 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 500 11°F
    mdot = 0.11 II Ibis
    =
    d1 1/12 II ft.
    p2 = 200 IIlbf/in. 2
    dratio = d1 I d2
    dratio = .25

    A 1 = pi * d1"2/4
    mdot=A1 *V1/v1
    V21 V1 = (d11 d2)"2 * (v21 v1)
    IT Results for the sample
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) case of d1/d~ = 0.25
    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) =
    T 2 434.2 OF
    h2 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2) V 2 = 3.139 ftls
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2) h 2 = 1231 Btu/lb
    V 1 = 20.01 ftls
    o = (h1 - h2) + «V1 "2 - V2"2) I (2 * 32.2 * 778» V2 = 2.490 ffl/lb

    USI'~ f£..e, £>cplo r -e bubtot\) sweep drec.f(c) -fro~ 0.2.5 to 4 I~ 6fe.ps of o, 25. 1~etA.,
    CCY\1sfy-lA.ct tke follow i L13 pi ofs :
    800 440 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    700
    600 430

    ...... 500
    l/) ......
    u..
    5400 ~ 420
    >'" 300 ~

    200 410 -
    100

    a 400 ~ -'-"'-1--,..--.-.,...--,--r--.,---r-..,.....-,---,---,--r-..,....--1
    iii

    a 0.5 1E 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 o 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4


    d 1/d2 d 1/d2
    1240

    1230

    :c
    ::::::::
    ;j

    m 1220
    '-'
    s:'"

    . 1210

    a 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4


    d1/d 2

    4-10
    P1Zo BlE M 4. ':flf
    ;:~OI#N: "D4ll-+-' tJ4r~ prolf.d.td -tw- ""'" VA Ive al1o/ -h..Al"Jo.",,-, e-. S-E'rl'~s) ~4"""
    ()pe.r~t'\} A 1- .s+<"c/, S~~.
    fINO: r:;,.,. ~ h.-l"k)."'"4. ) file .w"""",,~ 7'-. -k......,,~o'ft,.(,..~ .... + ~ j", '~t
    Oll'\cL ~ POlU.Q.t"" deve.Loredl'~ u.n.J- """"""u s~ ~.....,.1'\tj. 1
    ~C,",T(Y\I"tTtc.. a ,"lve~ "t)t\T"t:

    Power out

    PI = zoo Ibf/in. 2
    •
    TI = 600°F

    A.sSVV\APTIO~S: l- Co",mIV"OI"IM.eJ A+ .s-l-e• ..tr


    S~ .e"",c..t.o+-c- +"-4. V'4I ' v e c:ll1d-tk
    ~ ... b, ...... I N('rc.e.f've.l~. 2. Tksl fVo<pAl'\t"()", Ac..ro,s! ~ II'~/V"f t.4' ~ i-t..o.....-ot+I.·~j
    ~uSt. ~. ~ +r~l-fv w,~ --f1.- ttA.r'r1luto\.cL..\~~f e::t.l'\.cl ·tt.. i~·c//U-k,..h.,...(,
    -e",er~ .e1t¢ a.r~ /I\~~'s~ b{~ •

    !t,,",~t..."(~lt: C~·~.,~ 'If- V"A.fve..) ~k~~ ~I'~J " (/V\ 14~ e... -+lM-e ttl ""'j
    ~(.ISS I lU~ ~AIK hl. ~ h t. Wl~ c:::L,..t-., -tr"""", TfA.blof> A -IL-e..J
    V) 1= 132.l..1 'f>~/!>. ""'flu,I1J w.,.,.....ru'A,1a·l'\j 4t--t- f2.0 IVl-lih ') SBcror: ~
    Tz-::: Tz.
    /fIA,s.r A"'.,L ..IaN\~'j ~ l-.lc.loLr\CA.$ ~ed -to.ft..c. +'""-... 10'......:.-.. ~
    ~~:: 1Ml: ~
    O-=-,Jihv -Wev -to ~ [ (~'-"l.) ~ i¥Z.)] 4.

    ~ Wc.\J ':. ~ ["'t-~1-1

    We" :. ~3 - h1-
    ~

    ~( e..ul~ c:l...+ - forI\- ,.~ A'" 36 ~l'\d. V\t.= hi


    ~ 3> ':- h..f
    -to )(1 <.'"1- "+)
    :0 b'Ft'f4 OJtLtO'fb] -= 1002.,1 5/1A./1J,

    -
    We\! _ 132'2.1-
    ~ 32c 'B~I t.b
    lotJ'2.,'
    PROBLEM lof. 80

    t<I\IOuJ~: RefrigerAnt '3Lf tt Pfl.s.u~s fhr-olA.,h 0.. SlActlDlf\ U.,e hea.+ exd\t:l\~er"
    dV\GlCln ~v(Apo,.a.Aor. ])~k a.reg\ven a.t VllnoLlS (ocQ.hOn~,
    FIND:. befer-m Ine +ht. heed tra.n rk,. rttte tor- ~ (.OYl.Jn>1 volu.me. encles ,~~
    ~t. evdpo (0...+0'('. . lAVl;'.. ·3.~~1;m~n
    p~ • 15 Ibf/in. Suction line
    'stbfEMA;rIC. 4 Go, \leN DATA: (4) hut exchanaer
    . ~
    \\iJt\ \v-
    T ,,,,0

    Evaporator

    ~(,V ~ ~ ("'~-~"2.)
    FV"om Tcdole A-ll E. ) h 3:: h~0 IS Ibfllll\" :: qq. "b Bf\A/lb. TD +,~cl hz.)
    wri+e dn eVleV't3lj bo.'~\ltcce tor ~ <:.oV1+rol vollA.r\o\e. enc.lo~I~' tke \.1ec.c.t eK~Q~~r
    0:: ~(h\-h7.) + ~(~3-~1I)
    or It\2..:' ~\ +"''3- h 4-
    Fv-oY\1 Table A-\'2.E., ~4~ 109.38 ~\-u./Uo')a..V\tl o..~s\"-~\""~ h\~h-t(TI)

    ~~= ?>B.~~ +'\'i,f<I(p - ,oL\,~e :: 3!.i.'l.1 rokA/(1o


    ~OW) W'l+~ ~ ':I 3.1~8o .t+'/lb, +~e.. lV\.&(.t;5 .c..low V'(.c.~ \.s

    ~:: ~\f")'t:: (3.~ +4-)/~\",) l~O"'~f


    "U"I.f (3. 1"~O ~J/ lb) ,h
    -:. b8 .1 8 tblh
    F\IAa.t\.~) +~e. e.Ve.tPOfC4.+o-r he.o..-\- -fy(l\!\s+etr \fa:ke. \5,

    Qc ~ (l, S.ts ~ \(91. ~ (p -


    'I '3«t•2.1) 6~1 (b
    .
    :: '14 S 8 B\'u./ h ~~~ --.- G.c.v
    -=:':::':'

    4-92
    'PeoBLEM 4.SI
    t<t..;)Ot...." ,,: Do--t-... o:.. ~ pf'OVI'deal -fc,v-- ~ ft...s"'. c..~"""b-er ()P~'t""-f\Y\f:J ...:1' sfeA~
    s\-aAe. S~-h...,. .. ~d VAr-or I-l'\d s~h...r.. ~cl J.,.',v ici ~+-reA._.r ~,'i- 4l.f r-~1(M'e f·
    F /ND: If r: 4bA..r
    ~WI<1A..4':"'" -fG.... ~r.r
    j -f-- ('tt.""" 1~ ~,.+tJ-15 ~1w4IN1s. PM
    -fj,y """""'U' ~ ~tlj""""" ~-liI1.J \~_.s verrus F8.Sure p) ~ ~ p", q ba,r.
    $CHtMATIC 2.f:.IV6N 2)11\7"':
    /0 b.tr
    ,- - - 3
    T
    I
    r Saturated vapor,
    pressure P
    f{13cr~ - 41 -__B _ - e > Rash,
    I

    chamber
    PI = lObar
    TI =36°C I
    rill =482 kg/h I
    Saturated liquid,
    I pressurep
    I
    ( 2

    l...--------.:..------v
    ASSVMPTIO~~·. I. T""'--co~-h-o( VO/v ......... 4L..oc;o.... ~ ~ ACC4>~A~'~J ~1U.,..t ,'S ~
    Ste..d't S'~. 2. fi.r ~ ~Iw> I Vt:1lu~.1 'Nev='O ) +rA"t t+- (,.U,~ ~ ""'' "*
    S'v. ... I'1JV~d..t t'jS ...; ~ f>~ ~ ( bl e J eu\. <i JEu ~·C 11:4,,",1;\ -h,.J. .e ~J'J -e+fe c.:h ~A. '" &.e ',~~tcl,
    ?. Po.. t"'~ "1\1;C:~ ~..D~rl·Y\' ""'* IJ ""I ~ kilT.).
    At.)A~'('~/!: Fir' -1'''''-' c._ h i VOIV~J ~ ~t r,-i-< l?A.141'te.t. ~ + Sfc.,.ci., ~ta.~ 't\.l-llc)

    Av.. et\ e.v~ ~ ~ bA. l,............ ~ e.- ft,

    O-:;.Av - ~ + ~\["t-t~~ - k4l.[~l.oI.~~J - ~.10'3 ~~~.lJ


    ~ 0 ': ~I l.t M~ "1. - IM:1 ""'3
    I - 0 ~ lot ~", 1t (~, il, a.) h,J
    0 yo- e, I L- L -- -

    "9 ~. :' ~\ f ~l
    l . l "1. - ~ 3
    - "'3'.J
    (0-) rrDV\o1 T~Iok.Ir-JO; 1;.,,, k.(.{3'OC): 100.25 k'J"/'=j. Jrrlso J ea.+r=4"et.~J TCA.I.t,Je.),-u
    91ves; "" ~ = ~ ( ~ &Ar) ~ lP2- kJ l/Cj o..~ "'3 ~.9 (4 bW-) = 2 ~ 2, 32. Ic:r llc:J. ~
    =
    . =( i
    )\1\2. 82 \::'"
    k.~) [( 100."2.5') - (2S2''3''2.)J
    = "385. I TIc., ..4 M t,

    Cb '2.) - (2. 52. '3 , )

    Fr"I)M OI.bove.
    ~ 3- - ~ ( - ~ ~ ':. i 82- 38 S. I -:: 'T CD. 9 /La
    <.J / ~ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - ~3

    (1) 7h~ .tottO·~.JI"'" IT ~e C~~ b.e. u.settf -k> :JW;ev-o.A-e. c!tt.-k fw'- rIots of W,2441\J M,3
    ,,~s().s p:
    IT Code
    =
    p1 10 II bar
    =
    T1 36 11°C
    mdot1 = 482 II kg/h
    =
    P 4 II bar
    =
    x2 0
    =
    x3 1
    mdort = mdot2 + mdot3
    o = mdot1 * h1 - mdot2 * h2 - mdot3 * h3
    =
    h1 h_PT("R134A", p1, T1)
    h2 = hsat_Px("R134A", p, x2)
    =
    h3 hsat_Px("R134A", p, x3)
    Pf2olbtE~ 4.81 (Ctml-d,)

    =
    IT Results (p 4 bar)
    m2 = 385.1 kg/h
    0'13 = 96.87 kg/h
    h 1 = 100.3 kJ/kg
    h2 =62 kJ/kg
    h3 = 252.3 kJ/kg

    1ke.ce r-esu.lts c-o~pecfe. VeY~ -kc.voia.ble W;.J.-11 fLwse of f."rf(C1J. Now u~j~ .J1,e
    E"~plore ~c..d+01i\) sweep P -From J -fo CJ b4. .... I'v-. steps of' D., J

    ba.r, rhelA) 1'f..e.


    fbttow,~ plof calA fe,i (.,(T)tStruc,teJ:
    500

    400

    ;E 300
    OJ
    .l<:
    ~
    -----
    ---A-
    m
    m
    2
    ·E 200 3

    100

    0
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    P (bar)

    T~ese pLok i ~~I~ ~ M. tt-te. p~e~SL(,V~ 111\ .I4uz .f..UL~,c..k4IMb-etrJ PI i1 J.ec.v~"seJ tL


    e+
    ~ rea.f.e-r- fracfl,(11o\ t
    -f/Ae I /flU ~l "1J I, ~i.t.( ..p~W ~{fJSkes'/ 10 sa.+c..-V'cdQJ.
    VfJ..Q10r",

    4-'14
    PROOl"EM 4. %2.

    kNOWN: Alr -flows fhro~"h fwo +L(,rbl~e. stfUJes ~YJd t:(n Jilt-ter-connecf,i-t5
    l1ea-t e)('c"'a.fl~er. A S~P4"'Me.. ho+ air: strea.M passes jilt c-~v.lltfe"f(ow
    +I1rou.,l-l +ltte ke«..;f excl-to.1I..~er. :Da+a. are llnowt'l a+ vano(.ts 10CCttlon~.
    J>e+errn IVle fhe. feMre:m.:/ure of +'-te. VlAClltA C4.ir S~W1 e.zdh;'tj fLte
    ""(l().,t eXCVAvt,er avui title power o(,t~ut f)~ -fllte. seco)'\c( -furloi#1e.
    ScHEMA-TIC i (:;wP1J DAm: __ ,- - - - -
    I ,
    I clLV'b ll-1e
    A$,U,vJpnONS: (I) The. tordro I 1 2.
    volumes GlY'!. 0.+ stea.Jy stak. I
    (2) HeaA- mltlSter 4o-ltte sltr-
    ,..;: T=IIDOK ~:::4.5~~ .... __
    rOLlV\O..l~~S (.~\I\ IDe. Vle.<JlecteJ. z -:. S bar 7j '" ?
    (3} kti:\e.J..ic:, a.w.l f0f-ellt+fA.r / z. - - - - - - .
    I I
    ehe rj~ ~(:(ecf~ ~rtL Y\e~li~i~\e..
    Qlr
    in ---l--...J L.....+--'JI+-..J\ \.....I~
    1..3
    ("t) The Gllr beLvA ves as GlY\ I
    I Lf
    idefA.( ~a.s. (5) For the heat -r;-:./4COK T.t::. 180 k.
    ~ ::2o.b""v- Pit:: / bar:
    exck"-Vl.l.JerJ Wc.,,:' 0 . S

    a..j V" ~= N80 K


    j Y1 Ps z: I. '35 b'C l'"
    )'.1S::: /1.00 kj/miY'\
    ANItL'ISl5: Ftr~t) -triAd fife (i.tr .flow rute. a..t i.. 6~~ lll\ W\+h .s\-e~-~1-4.~
    eV\eV't3<:1 ~ W\Cl~S bt:tl({Mce> .for iur"t~e. I 0 0

    O=~:-Wtl+ m, [(h'-~2-) .f-l~~\+~~1!~~


    o ::: tVa, -nit, * ~I:' ~'2.
    $, \ v,~~ for- n-;,
    yy\
    .. Wtl
    :,.-""";::;""-
    , (h,-h"L)
    From TOble A-2-2 ~ ~ \ :: 15/5.42 k.~II~ ~ ~ 'Z. = II ~ 1.07 [cJ{J". Tl"us

    W\
    ..
    \
    -:.
    (J 0,000 k.W) I k:f{.s
    ('515.42 -lIb,.07)Jc:r/Jeo-' kvJ
    I' I =. 2 8 202
    .
    ~
    '-J
    I .s

    Tu r Y\, n~ ~e)( + -\0 t~ e. \, etA.t exc \,\A. "'1(l.r


    " ...
    ~ , ::. W\ '1. ::.
    .. '
    'lV\) = 'IV\ 't
    ~5::'~(., 0 0
    • 0, ~~o • t ~2._ /'..0 J . {
    \f"_ \c.t~ _to L.
    0-:. ];i:.>J- )KIc.\J -t V\I\'1. \ o.'i'-' 3) +~ )~,~~~~ t" Msl(Lts-L,,)* ) +tj<!S-2c.U
    0:: ""',C~"2.-~3) t-vVls(~S-~"')
    be- lA~ ::. It,~ + \'\1\.5 (~ __ ""'")
    ""'' 1. :>

    ~()..(,~) frOt\1 TableA-22j ("s:" l(.,lI.7<-) kTI~ ~J h,-= r2,;.i11c;T/~.Tku.s

    4- ss
    P{{06LEM 4.82. (C{TYI:f'd)

    ~'3 ': I' (,/.01 +fr.~6.'22


    (1200 k..,IW.l·"") . 1
    ('''1I.1'1 -11. i7.-Z cn
    ~/sJ 1 S/I~lK
    (,0 {

    -=- 13'1. '8 k.:r/~


    IVlkV-pOlo.-h·"'j l~ Tetlole A- 2:2-
    T3 :: \30 I. >K~E-----------------_'-":':'

    A1 0 W J LV ,.HI ~~ +t-te ste~J - 5fa1e et,\eVV!1 btA.la. /;tee for i-u-rlo( 'i-se 1-

    o =jL~- ~J.t. ... + ""3 [(1,3-t.~) +<J)Zf!~ T :1~;~~


    W-I:. 2. = ~ 3 (h 3 - Itt 'I )
    FroM Table. A-22.; "'4': 1023.25 ksllCj J ~
    . =~e,2.Z b.8!s) (13'Ff.<[
    Wi -I01..3.2.5)Ic.T(lr- f I k.Wf [
    '2. 'J I k.~ s

    s: to) 51-0 l'-W E


    'P~()B<"'6M 4. ~3

    KNoWN: 5+e.a.m is developed frOM e, lAJa.fer sfr"",wt b~ el\e....,~ fnA.... sfer frOT\l\
    c>VeVl edtLtu-sf- 'n
    A. wo.ste het:tt v-e(.Ov~~ S~m ~eJi\eru:for, rt.te
    skA.~ tfAen e~f'l~s -i'krcJWjlAtA. ~rbji.,e. n::t~ are. I!.U>WYl o..t
    V4no(.(.S locct'fu)Y\s,
    FIND : 'Dderf\M~(.
    eco~~G4Il'y
    ttu. r-«
    dV\ 0....,
    d~ velope
    0..111"\\,)1..1
    d b Jft..e. ft....~ b,ne/ teva.lvAtc
    b~SIS J t:{Kd. C-DjA;\.""",~v..::t•
    LA-
    .sc:t+6MATI<:.. e& G,lV€iV "DAT~:

    ~ =tto Ij,fl,~~
    Tz.:: 32.00

    p~ :: ( Ibffl~~
    )(3::: 0,90

    ~t ~f4S f-~w rAlL is


    . <AV-)" p~ CA-V-)A
    "t'V\ - ::
    9·" - '\1,4\ R T,4\
    (llf., \J.f"~~ )(.3c!)coft )/'M\IA)
    :: f..! S 45 • fr· l~T ) (8 2. 0 • e: )
    G9." lb .o~
    frot'V\ Ttlibl~ Jr-t2E. j
    h,,: JtlCJ."q 1&1«/11, W h a = 177,23 fMAfllo.FOrHte. walel;
    fyom To.ble A-.2E; ~ >- PSCLt'c.1.~O F ~ ~~ssc.cJ '·f\A.W. ~itu.e.sJ l-t l ~ ~ (J 2-100F
    =,80.1. 6fu/lb.At~) u..sl~~ ltIl1'c A-ttE.; "'2,.= I/q{P,8 iSkl/lb. n< flow ~is
    . I . (l't".~~ - I" ,'2.~) =:~, 8 lb /~.V\
    M s+ :a (I"{ 5&2. I" t'\."',,) (\11", t- le0.').)

    4-'17
    'Pl2-O~L.E M if. 83 L Contc/. )

    Turn IV.S nOl(} fo 11<~ c.o"trol vo ",,"rile. e I\C ~~:+I.e .Ju,dll ;'e.
    .:..7';)', \J; 2. V; ~ '.... /.r1
    o ~ jIJ1..,,, - Wi: -t M s + (( ~ 1.- ~ :I) + t.z. )... ~ (;r"- C"I) ]
    .
    Wi': Wt sf (}.,z.-l.t 3 )

    u Sf ~ e:k f-.. -kuw.. T~ A- $ E


    \I\~::. h.f -+ >(.3 (Y\f1'):: fo'i'1 + o-~ (to)') ~ 1002•• '8 h../ /.b

    Wt > ('2. a
    ~
    1!z.... ) ( , l'i (..to-
    1M4....
    I00" . I) 13t lorh-I ~
    1\\
    1\ I h..p
    lSlf.T6hYlt
    I
    := 1~. CjSSk-r "lI!!!l~I----------_

    (b) E.v-.I",,,,i'~j p0eP -er: (}-k 8 celo'\~ r-r- /l:W·~ ) ~ v~ f..r BoO(.l~
    ~f of.e.-r.. nr- A."''''~A/''' t4

    if ~ C!2$~) a':~~l:wl I ( toOD~( )(


    11 o. ot )
    ~W'k

    = !"'33/~
    T4- ~ V",h,,~11 -f~ +~.s- v.lue. ~Du.lc:L C<>lIe .... ~

    C o-r d....... ~ "'" ~ o~ A -h- "'j c. oS t.r AN 0 G\.' o.::t:. do "" i~ ~


    ()lJ--¥UJ. S'1 S~~. A-t:.G<1)-.L..'~J ev~~ ~T ~
    OI/JlV\. ~~~t ~ ~ tk.~v'-'L;)~~(..fO~IA.-h'--..t -t- ~.J
    -i k.a. r-o ~ ~ -\.\ -.Jl. ~ lAO+ \ " 1<: -e l; b Ie-L ~ ,.-'--tJ,' it u 6A-
    ..rt- ~~~ w..A,.".- DWI~' to ee..tM...b~·c:.. CO'Y\ 1~4h·~.
    "NO"""" : 0per,.-f.''''J cLA.-h,.. A.r"<
    A.+- S kp.~ '1 s t--.. Ii' -
    P I t-J D : 'D~ ~ """-t"":'" -tt- ~ 6~ -irA'" rf-r bt. ~~R"" t1-. CoD ~ SJ CIY'"
    ,,~cl ~ StAr'"I"IVl'\d..t\'\.j . Also 'd..t. W Wl.4 M ~ c..oeff· Ct' e 11\.,1 1 F-e.r~~J,M.A1A C-t .
    $C I-'t"i (\1 ~T( C .f Got vr N :Df\ 711.'

    Return air Heated air to


    from house house at T> 20°C
    at 20°C Gi~ - t - - - - l : >

    pz =8 bar
    2 hz =270 kJlkg
    Power input •
    to compressor ) Weye-Ie
    =2,5 kW
    Expansion
    valve
    Rl:S4~
    Compress0li!
    ~ _
    •
    Evaporator
    PI = 1.8 bar
    1 T I =_lOoC

    Air exits Outside air enters


    at T<O°C atO°C

    ASJ'U,"PTIOt-lS i _" C. o~-hl VfJ{u~e.l ettc-<.of.l'\' +t.......... c..O-f'A-'I.r~ a"",.L.~ ~'.'i.c..(,..;:t­


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    4-100
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    A-NM'j5IS: -rl-t~ ~o.~S ra.+~ bec.lulAce re duces +0 J. 'Me.v / eLf = ~, }t:c.kd ~
    eVlevg y rcde b&4la.Vlce red.c..tce$ 1-0
    J./' ~ t)"" ,
    ~f" ~'v - W ev + Y\1 i t.1 l
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    h . Sf-z.
    A.~,,::. - J-tWc"J..t
    J
    .
    t i rh, k;d.t
    I
    t~ .
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    w~~ /J,Vc v :. 'W\-a.~ '2. - VY\ , t..( I

    vY\1. u'1.. - ~ <..c.. =- - Wc:vA-t: ~ (yvs,. -vf. ') hi


    V\-'\"U1. :. - Wev.At .... V\1, 1"i => (;(1.: -Wc.vAt. -I- k,
    W)~

    B~ ~S'U.\Il1,ff.( ~ (3).1 t112. = P7- V/127 , ) ~


    LA, :: ( ~a~ ) (- Wtv A-l) + 4;
    \ V\$-e'('h~~ """l\Ae$
    -We. v ~t . ~ - (- (00 w) (500 S)\ IOlW
    lla/Sl :. So k-;-

    ~ ~(~
    Poz.V
    8 ."3\ 4 I<:~ \
    k'J'K} (T,.,~I< II bec.r
    (I ba-,..) (0.5 rn '3 )
    .)

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    I
    :: (S.1i' XlO-:3) T~
    ProWl Tahf.e ~- 22.) ~i :. 2'14.1; k-::f I~. TluA.s
    u, = (5.74 XIO- 3 Ic~./C )(5DJc..::r) T~ + z..~4., 7 k::r/~. (2)

    ~.C7..) CQ.lI'\ be .solve&.( --krYT-z. ((Sl~~ 4"t it-eV'a"filve a'1"'oceetu.Ye. wlfl.-t dc.itt-'or
    £A:" -fro W\ Tob Ie A- "Z 2 . ~ e ('e$l.di- i.s
    7i. :. ~5. 31< :. 3Q2.3 °c

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    1I7
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    A tl ;~ (e ...of s+-a k .
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    SCH"iMA1lC .e."'/IJ'£1.J bt\7A~

    0.2 Ib air at - - - - - - - - -.
    2aun,
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    540 I

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    co"'h-vl 1/""""""1 Wc,,:.o) h. .. t ~A.f\tf,.- "",f',..1'f..,.("",.,.uv.".1."l'\~r c_...."·',,,,-o~ec1J A""~
    k,ftt hcl, ,,-4fo . . hi-t ~Mrn ~c.-n ""'e. t"et.e',bIQ. 4. Tt..... ..cl.c....... 'AI ....... c:l.J '-(JjtJ/,'os frtt..lo.if".

    AfooJAl.'t'tI~: T~ ""-SS' t""'~ p40IA.t\cc: reAcJ.s c:lWlc .. /clt= w.~. TN c""'""y rA-k b"'At"u'
    red-vCAS UHfi,-.. ~Iie"" 4srv ......t'h~io

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    w..~ ~~.s ..._ph"" "2.) h~ N""'-'Io'\J (o~ta.",~· CJlu- 1


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    ~
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    ~U-=
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    I
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    u~ I Q,,,,ClI ;to\s.. rll'''',S
    c:lA.+A. y_ T"Q(~ A#1.\G. fw.. \4, A."'~~'"

    41. ~ \'lI\.UI+(""I.-'""·)~A:: Olb)lql'0"'~ ]-t~.'1lb)l'2.',O"~~J ': q8.2.16~


    l/lo'\l.. 1-1. iii:» ii
    T~+- . . ,...( .. h"t\J ~ ~A-1.Z .. G fA"lI""'UZ. ~1"i!S 7;..= ST'°lt(ll~oF).
    l.\s ....~ -t'- ...o:l.a...,f ~4~ ~'7v ... -h"", (If £hr-"c'J p~: IM2.RT?/V ) \,rJI.,ere
    v= W\, £tTl/PI ,) +'-- h",,-c. P"U'HlJ..("e- ~
    R -= (~2. \f§.) P
    2 .... , J\..1'L I
    -= fJ.2, lit
    \: I Ib
    )1 i=1t. O~)' '~r ~ ) -::.
    Slfo0ta '-
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    18, 8 lb-fl;..~

    " T""-. ~1""lIt,.'" cLo~.s .....-+ c:!..\ttrd/7 ~'" ~r +~ o."-./yr,'r- - uf' &4 ICt'-Ated '''''' ..,.~
    3\4rr.u~cI.\~t 0 + -t~ Co ""tr"l VolulMt". I<hW.f"Hr") +lu.re ~ +,/0"" ~
    w"ere ~l':' e""....,.r +"'c. C.Ol'\ ~I VdlVlMe. "Tt«:..' r ir "-c..o'(10r,,, ftel c...= ~
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    ~ {oI!oW''''j ti\v\'.''11I'fJ f'iA..... P",~--k.....".c."-'~re off"... air ...,;~
    <:o.d~ker ~ lu.,ke,. +~ ~ 1"",'hM ff-."."... (1.A.(.f. '7W. kc1AAr fe~4~"e.
    If d.uA- ti. ~ ~ t.AHf'o"- ef~c1:.

    4-(0 f(,
    ~NlO&UN: A ";~"d -f-A",/t, 01 1c:1'1oO~'" vc:>/u""tc- .·~.N\4I.'I'1 co"'~''''-4'V\j .... +c.c.o-p~t~
    J,;1"... • v--r-r ~f<Ar~ .. + A. ",""''''''''''''' s.+--J:.a- ~tJ-ec:l J AI/tH.v:~, "s S" /lAY'" ~ <:l 11-r0"-
    -to ... s, or e, ~ ... -lM", •"'5 CO"" si1It .d- ~ SS lA a"e c....:. -t'~ -t-. to' e;
    . c.v t....' 1Co 1 0-
    e.1I1 f.\

    spriCf'·c.l fi.....,A ,v.,/d1 ..0 A 1+.',d\C~d .


    FlrJO: (tA) r+~tufa .."" IjV~ ..0 O.S'/ .,Je.fe,,~N-I~""""'S.r ~-fL .,....... tt::. q,,,cI
    -f~ A ...... v""f- 1 ~ -Iv....... r~.
    en) Plcd +t- ~u """ -(f....c. ~I'\.t: A.tA.cI +i..4 /.o.u..:t
    +rtl"'''.fer "e t"'rut ~ .." -.D "1 en. I. f-c.r r~t'\ ~.~ ~ fr"'- 0.1.+0 / .() .
    'S"cH~MA-"nc <! Gltl't/..J l)"'7~:

    .
    ::::::::::::::::::::~::/:::::::::::.
    v- 0.06 m3
    p - 15 bar:
    )(/:::' 0.2.0
    -l-_ _-.-..:l't"'e.-
    r: IS j,q, r
    :::::::::::::::::::=:::::::=:-:~ ..:-..:=-:
    -::;:;,;::;;;::~:~:;;.;;:.:

    A'SUMPT(O,v~: I. T~ cOl'\-vo1 volv_e tS rkol.'m in -f"'-t 'Sc~"""-Aft'c::. z· For-f'-t-


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    S. AT ~ '-;;. eo -1"'''-' s+..... to N "",,-'..u U H£ ~t J AJ $ L..otll'l ~ +"'-'. p-II d4'~, t'"A--. ,

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    (4~rtJ"""""'(»h~ J ~ ~S'l~ "'A(~""U. ~~ tb

    ~ :: a2c.v - ~e\..ae.
    cL*
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    ci...k
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    d. 't

    TN"'/(",),~ 4$,1'11""'1'1\'""" ~ J i"~VAh~ ovo-r ""~ Nooo",u..;t;r ~


    z.
    A"U'cV' ~ <Dc." -+ h" [d. ""'= v =>
    I
    ""1. U'l." ~, U I -::. Q c." -+- he C.... l -""',] } 0 or
    (I)
    ~" '= INI1.. ~ - ""c lA I - \1e. [ k1a. .. \1\1, J
    CM\\.t<C. l.te:l 2.7e,2.Z. jc.":11"~ ) 4"""0
    "I: "..f~ )(.,(11,-'4) 3

    =( I.J~3') ... 0.1.[0. 1118- I~] = 0· 0 ~1"Z6.!:!1 3


    ':1!7'
    V
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    0""""'. . . 2 1'1'1 t::~
    o·
    "'t"l.8~J~='
    ().O"l.
    \: 10 ~ ./o~ 1<"3
    u I ~ u~ ... )(, (1.\, -l.4f) -= fCf3 ,ICo 4- o.1(2.~1tJ..~ - i" 1·1,- 1 ':: II Q3." ~QII:J
    WI·-tl..~ '''~e "'A\\4e~ fu~ "-,;"-' J Uf <II.~"U9.J '1'2.: "of + 'I( a. (II~- vf-) 4 ... cl U 2. ':. u.f." ~"Z.( ~~ - ~ t) . A-I{"J
    M" ':. V /1Ji .

    (I)) )(~ OrS Tkel'\)


    . '. . 3
    " ~ ((.In" -t ,o;S[D.t'319 .. 1.:!.'].9'1 = O~ o",cfi'.!3.
    ~ \.. 'OS J .. 16~ .J 1="
    1..(",:: 643db-O.5{.J.S'1.:f.S ... 843,11,,]= 1118.a 1C-J/-=5

    ~
    -6)cv "':. (o.qO~)( 171~.i) - ~.lqCj
    y"Jt'3.4'
    .) - 1.7til1.(O.'i0'3-'2..l'l1)
    .
    :: 25""".'S"te~ ............- - - - - - - - - - Gcv

    4-l07
    (b) 1>ec.fa. a.re Ob~lket1 -fo MCl/rA -fLv1. r'e1(A.I~eJ r'oh u~;"'.5 t T, AS kllolAJ-s:

    ITeode
    V = 0.06 II m3
    p = 15 II bar
    x1 = 0.2
    =
    x2 0.5

    m1 V I v1=
    m2 = V Iv2
    Qcv = m2 * u2 - m1 * u1 - he * (m2 - m1)

    he =hsaLPx("WaterISteam", p, 1)
    u1 =usat_Px("WaterISteam", p, x1) IT Result (X2 =0.5)
    u2 =usat_Px("WaterISteam", p, x2)
    v1 =vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p, x1) o., =2547 kJ
    v2 =vsaLPx('WaterISteam", p, x2)
    The ....- esulf .fol'" 'X a.::0.5 C-oMp'""re.s veY~ -(.el vorablJ wi.J.", +lAe Yes u It o~ petY+ (~).
    NDW I US, '" ~ -I'kt E:;c I "(H!bu fI (1"k, ~ SWfle.p X", from e.a +0 t, 0 l~ s+eps cf ().~S.
    The -k> How I~j plo+s (lV-e. U1YI-,h-CAcfeJ :{rettA tLvl da.k :
    2.2 , . . - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2
    1.8
    1.6
    1.4
    Sf 1.2
    N 1
    E
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    O-t----,-----,--,-----,-------,--,-----,-----,,...----r----l
    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

    3500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    3000

    2500

    2000

    1500

    1000

    500

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

    4-/08
    PR.oBLEM ~q'L
    k:.t.JowN: Ar'\ ii'l1h..,/y -~"acvAJ.&d J we.U-ii"tr14/. teet +A"'#;.. is. f;lI~d fro-.. ~ Io.r,.-e..
    s~- k..,r vnh"/ ~1A.tp-vul,A.".e 1M: -fl-...e fA.,,1c AtJ-".,.",S .,., "lpec.../red vA.lue) p.
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    u.} Plot -t~ w...u 4M~ .Joe -I'~(T. h.a ee i"" -t-L...c. 1-41<.1\ Ie:. ve "'ru~ p I"'tt""j ,'",-, fro...... <:>., to I S'"bA~
    :S-C H'i' mATI c g 6:.1 V~N D 1t" 7~:

    At.rI1t"tPTlo,,",S: I. Tlo...& co",+.--o I VolvlN\C " s oS t....w.l1'\ ~


    ~ sc.~_,.~·(. '1. Fw-+",,:, CCN\~\VOIVw...-J WC.v:Oj
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    AJI-)"l.'t'SI~: TN "'-u ...... +« b.,.I.",(~ re4d~ d Witcv lett: .M••:.


    w.tlv ,.... .lA c. ~o (lo U" \'\4 rh
    DMoO J +k.t (lIt~r,'1 r'"A'I« /:),.(.",4.
    few C." i 0
    cl "'UC1f ,;,./ ,. / h . -:::::.. d 1.Tcv _ ". d ~
    cL t = ,;;«-v -,)R c..,
    I ,..:."
    ~ ~ro-&. "'" -=1 ciA - d.=l"
    ;4

    SO \"'c.e \.,~ (A~ r """"F r. "" ~)) 'lI\~'\Y'''' h ~ r: f\~c. I ~s


    ,,; cel-O s+....d-

    ~-vcv ':. ~.. ~ Me" ~ \M,. \,(~ ~ \A\ -; 'v\,,' t ~1. rJ -e:t> l,I1
    j

    ~ ~.A'

    IT Code
    =
    V 10 1/ m3
    pline = 15 II bar
    =
    Tline 280 11°C
    =
    P 15 II bar
    =
    u2 u_PT(IWaterISteam", p, T2)
    =
    hi h_PT(IWaterISteam", pline, Tline) IT Results Cp 15 bar) =
    =
    u2 hi T z 424.7 °C =
    These r·uul-l-$ co~pare
    =
    v2 v_PT("WaterISteamil, p, T2) mz 47.39 kg =
    vey~ -fa vc>rClbl'j w;+Li
    =
    m2 V I v2 vz 0.211 m3 /kg =
    HAt ,.~suHs cf '("-riCe:.).
    /Vow) u.s'~1 -rh~ £...xplore 1otA.bl-O'7\J sweep P frv~ 0.1 fb J::; btU") jvt 5fqs Dfo.,. Th42
    fotlolA;i...~ ? lol« <:»,....ll C4"Ilsh-kc;fed .fn,lt1 ~ eI..ccJ,:..:
    425 50 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    40

    420
    30
    OJ
    6
    N
    E 20
    415

    o 5
    p (bar)
    10 15
    10

    0
    o
    / 5
    p (bar)
    10 15
    PRo8LEM Lt, 'J~

    KNOWN: A 5wrO:fjfl fo. .... k. COYl.fo..iYlI'vtj leokaliowi/l1J r<efvjtje.r"~w.t (3"(4 develDfs Gl


    ~~ftLr~+eet vOfor foe~c.ti..pll u""til tke level of 5cttitm~ 1i1 uiot ,~
    tke -h-l'1k. na.s d~d -Jo 01. k"" OI.H"" ViA IIA e ,
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    tra. ViS fer:
    5C~A-TlC t ~J \leN DATA: ..'. ,.' e.
    '- ~

    ASSVMPnONS: (I) Fer +"'e (oYlfroi ... ..


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    I ( v -:.
    p:: (00 (b~ 11",,"1-
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    I~UO e. (3) 11I\e. P"'t's~u.~ IS I ..... Sed I' 'I
    V.,. ~ I. Co-fP
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    J. nle~t::: 1'\'\, - Vl1"Z.. (MASS esCA.p(Z~)
    To ~.e.+ fL.te. Ml4.S5e~} use fke.. 5\'vei/\ vo(urnes <JM.J ~ ~ lGx.Me A-ll € a.t 0.-
    p"'es~u.V'Q ef 100 Ibfl(~~
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    5, ~ - ~ - O. tn\( 1 -

    'W\\ -:. 'Yh~, + Wl"3, -:. llO.Q~ \ b


    S \~ \Ja. V It.J -for sta.te. 2.

    V\tIf"l. -::. ~O.Ofo l1o) m ~ '2. -= 2. S' ~ lb j YV\ 'to -= <O~. S~ Ib


    1..
    S ~e et + : :. l1. o. q<D - CD1. sq -=. S~.11
    1
    lb 4-Ca----------=-..:..:.;L::;:.:.

    With tl.~~u.W\p-tioY\S' (I) ~ (2.) ike. e"evval1 rde, bAlaM.C~ f'~es +0


    cl~ ~ Q,v - Mf. ~e.
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    From 4he')Ye) XI ':: YY1j, (M \ :: O.OO(q'fl.( ~ X '2. -= V'V\j-a./ '017, = O.Olfoq::J. • 'Tk..us )wrHo\
    tlct\C( fn>'(h ,alo\e A- (1 e .
    1J.. :: Uf -+ 'X, (U.~ -(,(f) = ~l.'2.l B~/ll:, ,) 'Uoz. = ~q.t{(,p a~/'~
    ~f. ':~5 @> lGO \\"~l,,,,,1- -::. 112.4tD 6","'\fo

    ~ (<-'1. ~q) (~ct.'·«.) - (l1.0 .QCP) (~1,1.') -( U2.'f€.)((,2. 'Set - n.D. 't~)
    : l( S ~'1.";4 '3+,--, 4IIlIitCair-----------------

    4- JIO
    PRO'BLE/'1 4.Q 4
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    1t'\(l1M' of p- t l,.) VC?jffL.lS P
    ('l'.\1'\~'~5 fn"'" IS' -10 30 It¥f/itt.l
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    c.o\l'\~1 volu""\4'J ~cv=O ) o..""c:l
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    T:: ,("ooF ~ ~V\ ~ clo~ Sa.t, 4-. ~ _S$ of
    p\ = SO '_f/iltt. +~ i\HI t tor ..... C tIo\.ll E k4J~ k -tv 1M I ' lAD'~J .

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    V A. -1\"", 1
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    lZ.:r

    Th.t _ u A .. ~ h..l"'lIlu W U~c"'/d:t'~ -~E!.' T"'-t 'MY,:;, ~ Io~~u ~u.., +0


    cl1JC.... /cL:t'::~~ -~c.v -";'4l"'e. T",~""c.o"'j ~~tr~~A.l.I'lU2Jta"d~f\''''~+t..A he
    (e~""t (.oa;\$n.....::'l b~~ -k......,.J:V,.~.:., ,""",S~""*"..J

    ~£! ~ - We,", ~ '-'e '::'" ~ LHJ"ev =-\)Jell ~'''e.o1044cv ~ (-lJJc:,,)-= ""'1~.-ktIUI-("'~4"",)he..


    'S,~ ~"""1'e..t""~""""e ~ C.""S-\a",l'l U 1 :.uCT))LI''':.,'''(T)) hE' ~ (A(T; +(p\T')e.. Tt.u-
    CD <-- w,,,) ~ (~. -""''lll'd)e., 2;7 UI:-t£...p... -i'~544 R1"ud71 """6 sfo.;t.J (-<0,,,)= ( ....t-~l.) Itt
    ~e1'c.,) c.~.-"",1.\ = (P,-p)'V/P-7 ) 'jillil'\j (-Wc,,) -:(f,-p)V. T~~)
    (_ ~c,,)= <. ~o - p )~ll~~i:?l t1-f'f 1) 11~:~"bf 1-: I. zet fo (10- p) '8~ (3)

    (4) laJht'~ p:.18 l~/i"~) e.~.(2.) fj ,\IoOO (~.W,~tWlI\.oM) =O.OS~~"'J/€'t.('~) ~Iv-Dco


    (-Well):: IS5S' aM.

    (~J Pt.-oTS

    "'I-II (
    K.NOWN: AVlI~.sul,du:( -to.f,1.k. CC-YJ+o..,'t\'~ 0 >cy~ e -- is co'tlnecfeJ. -Jo 0. s~~
    //Vte. carr~ I ~j Q"lC Y 9.e ""-. A V~(I/e between fl.1e -1411.1c. ~ fl-t<a IKe
    is ~vt.eel oWid ~a.S fio~s 111I.+0 -ftte.ftA.kk IA.llt.fa the. pressu.re. f"'eec.a..es
    1kA.!f t>f tIAe (,~e. lke v~(\le. is. clc%ed ~VlJ eV€lA:1-t.t'4 (~+{"e ~W<..
    confe vds ceo I to fA.clc. -10 -+he Lr t III i fi cd V\A.pe rtJf, ~ re . +e.
    Faun: j)efefmivte (~) the +a.V\k. te,~ ...o.hA.,.(2. wk~ +11~ v~Lv'(t closes ().M.J.
    (bJ th(!. fl ko..l pfes.suV"e ;1/\ t~ *"'~ .
    SCH=£MA-ltC j (;,\,VGAJ 'VA-7A:

    p. =1.(0 IbF{,k2.
    7j =~o "F ~,st.{ 0 '«
    ~:::. 100 £Jtf (i",L
    -r_ ?
    IZ - •

    7i =£(0 DF-=SltO·R
    ~ :: 7•
    I)

    A"'A("v5/S~ (~J Cents lder .fl;r~t +~e .fi(lI~5 ?rceess. lhe mC(~s ra./e. b"l~H'C. -/ttlc.es
    f~..f(,rm dmcvlaf = Wti (A.~ with ()'sSlA"'¥t~(I)J<.z..)Jtl,J'\d.C3),-tl-te e)1e~~
    rate. bttliA. Yl.ce reduces +0
    dUll /:Yf 0_,/0 ,
    cl+ =.J6«N~C\l + Vl'\, hi
    The. speclf,c. e.V\+4AcVf~ ''''' +~Q. s"'fp\~ ll~e ~ (4)'\.&~\o\.-t. CoV\'\blV\l~j ff,.tQ. """SS (Awl
    e~e r~ Cj ro.;fe bo.le:uI1.ces, ~~ ,~teJ7ywt-1 h1

    "Y\"I'l. U"l. - m, l.(, = hi ('(\11.- V\1, )


    tAS\~j fLte ldeeM [j~S e~lAc:d'~ ($If 'SfeA.tE.
    \1fl ::.. p, V ) M = p-z. \I
    , R T, '2. RT'Z,.
    C(jWIb,itl'~j evv0. ('1l.~V'''~\.~j ~\ves

    'U.'l. ':. h·\ + T" . .ll.


    I, f'Z.
    (u -
    I
    l.t •)
    \

    tY'Om Table A-Z3e.


    "". :: (38ls{'.<o 6~/\b~ol) :: l")'l.'{~ l'BokA/lb
    \ ~2.()O \6 1110 rt\ol

    "lA, ~~(,13.2/S2.00 =g~.S<.o P.>4..II~


    J(,lsev.J.'~1 VetltA.eS
    1A.,:: l"lI.4~ .... (O.Q?,2 01)T1.

    ~h".ce. 'U.'2. Gk.ep"wis ~ T'Z,. ) tke. +-l'iA",,( +e~et"~-k.tf"'e. Lt.t.1A be. -Fcv.lftcl b'j iieYatl~
    1,(051"'1 ol~~.f,!OM Ta.L,Je. A-Z3£ ~ #tis e~p"'eSSlO'\l\. Tbte resv.-It IS
    Iz ~ <o<Dl or< ~ 20\ 0F< 12-

    4- uz
    (bJ I~ dekn~ I~e ~c., p(e~~r.e. ~fl-er +~e. cevI:feJ,t-(s of -Ike.. .jak.4.. cool off,
    itIC< the. ~A.SS l~ +ke -J-all\k. «,f/er
    fl rst f-I tke.
    Vetlv'f! closes

    "}'W -
    p,.V (lOOlbi"iA~)(Sff-3)
    - -------
    l'I.fLf,·~1.1
    "2. - RT~ - l S 'i 5 #. I~f ) ( ~CD l °e)
    L , ofF-
    \ 3>1.00 Lb. o~ ,

    -:: :>.1 ~ Co /1,


    1ku..s I tl..e +\~A f p~5u.re is

    ~ ::. 'M2. RT3


    3 V

    4-1/3
    ------rI
    I

    ~ ~vth ..t 52.0°,


    o, S"" p'&. ~ ~ M P"" fr:,r
    f'0't' tb)
    'S' 10 ,.,. ao
    p,: 'MPo.) P2,1: lo5MP... <pAt'+- c::\) "'" (,iC,)
    ASSOMPTIDNS :CI)F=o,.. -t~~ e..t<\ +r. I V&luMe. Shew", "'" tl\e, f,',vr~1 Wt,,/: 0 o..'\d I<I'~ 'h'c. o."d
    P.h,d'i'AI "-...~)' e.ffee.+J C'#,.. U ,·'t\lDr~. (1,) A't ee.e.. '·.. S+AlIIt I pre $$urt Is 1I111"f.~ .... "h".~ ".'" + ~ to*lt1,

    ANAl-'(SIS:{Q'The. "".-u ra.h 1o ... 'a.>\C'e. ...." ... ""'c fo~- dMcv/dt ~ -M •. \)&;>\,5 o\\«\.t """l#""p+"O"S
    I;s\ed I fl\t. ..t'IU'9"( 1'Q.-\~ Oa.\."'ft. Is

    dVSy
    d t:
    : Q-
    "Y
    ~e ~
    'j...+ro4v~,,~ tl\t -""$ o."u i" \-c, "Ai\'~'
    r-...h. bo.i.A"f~ 2-

    f
    A~... :. Q~" + ,"'e,ciMcv '~ Qcv; "".. u.~ - "", \4, -J~d""
    I

    w~rt ..... o,,,,'hs t u (.0"' ,"'0 ~,4 '" +1\. 4-A"'~. Ai ......y i.u+.... +) ""':a. vi.., "",I" ~ V l't
    ~p.... ~.'" volulO1c At + ,·".+ t ..c.h ,·.... d b~ l:lo°C ."cl +&"e. +AI\~ p~~s~"'''~. '1'.. ,'+".")',
    p,"L.MPo.., CO "TA.~Ie. .4-4 ~ive.t y,'::.o.o3nb~al!31 tA,c ~7"l.ot&:SItJ:,. FI·".'I"I F\<a/.r-,...f>.. , so 'II.::
    D.l1ir15y.,"),IK..~ 11.4~~ U17-1 ~';)Ir:j' T"'IU
    ~ ,~
    .... ~ .:. - :z .2.S.t 1'.9 ..... ': V .. ( z)
    ..., 'i' 0.0$$]6" ./~ ) -'l. ~-

    For ea.c.!oI. 0+ Stlle .. alpreu .... W'es ,'"" +"'e. '·lO\~,,,.,, .. I,.s"'..<P<:'~,OMP... )+,,e. 101.0.11
    .... t"" t"e. +,."'\0(. c....", 10« u..1c:u(A-h.c1 I'''' ',Io:e \0'\....... ,.. ~Q i~e. ,~&( f,'f.. elllt k ""1':t
    ftt, 4t. r_·'ud (-rCl- T...ble.4-4- .,,+ noD-Co "lui +11& 'pc"''''~d pfC'UI.lI't. Tl1ese. VCl\I.I~S cdt.""
    +"'~ t1ot' o~ he. ", ~ ~I'''t'''' "bOte. -fobfL cOl1sIYucf.d, T~e. o.reo.. lI .. dar +ke. I.'l"\e.
    ~o ...... 1 to'1. e1""h +!\e. t-.f"'M. - fZ.n .. d~ of e,.cl). As +"'-'$ V"1','4~'O'" ,'s
    very "t.0.. .. 1" 1,·\I\c..... t"'ct. o..v."'-.~e \fo.ll.\t. '0", ne. c.A'" be. tA.se.c:lto ~V.d\l41e. r"""s
    J
    te."I\I'I: r1.. ' lthe),"*{h.~ )t~. -h\) _ ('loll., -t~,n''')(1S'',r_6:67)
    - he. ciM : 2. I 2." C 'L

    , .. ~17."$' ~ \I~o,'3~t): (,0737 IC.J


    ~ 'let J\

    ~e.,; ~.,"'JI=' )('2.8".1 ~~)_ (:&s:t>t:,)( ~7U> ~) ;- '0737 ~J

    : ~S' 341\- "J' -....o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - __=_

    4-114-
    IT Code
    =
    V 1 II m3
    p1 = 60 II bar
    T = 320 II °C
    p=15 II bar
    pp = pI 10 II MPa

    Qcv = m * u - m1 * u1 - «he1 + he) 12) * (m - m1) Key IT Results (P2 = 1.5 MPa)
    c; = 6534 kJ
    he1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T) h ez = 3081 kJ/kg
    u1 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T) h e1 = 2952 kJ/kg
    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T) mz = 5.666 kg
    m1 = V I v1 m, = 25.8 kg
    he = h_PT("WaterISteam", p,T) Uz = 2817 kJ/kg
    u = u_PT("WaterISteam",p,T) U1 = 2720 kJ/kg
    v = v_PT("WaterISteam", p, T) Vz = 0.1765 m3 /kg
    m=V Iv v1 = 0.03876 m3 /kg

    The r~51A.11s -!tx' f'"l.: '.S MPA co"'pC4i""e v.eY!j t.-I/c,..a(,/'j c.oi4-~ ~e res"lis c(r4yfCtx) ,
    NOw, u.s 1'11\.' ~ explore fou:blo~J swoep p..froM D. 5 ~ & MP~ ,.... .skps of DeS. Tl.Q.
    r
    . foUOw,.~ lof is (..(I")l.S fye.c."k ~ +ro nA ~ d.a:fet ~
    8000
    7000
    6000
    5000
    ~ 4000
    ~
    a 3000
    2000
    1000
    O-t--,---,-----r---,-,--...,..---,---,------,-r--"!
    0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
    P (MPa)

    4-1(5
    I
    I
    ,,
    I
    A-J~
    ,
    I
    '==--"""'-"=-,....",-,.....,_..........._~

    (3J

    ( If)

    (S)

    4-116
    PRoGL5M 4-. ~1 (c.oVl-L'd)

    FrOM Table A-2o, c/r ~ 0.1/7 k::r//<-s.I<.. Tkus

    U<c." ~
    ~.7/7 ,,:r/~'K)
    ,e.3
    _.-
    lY Jc:r)
    ;).8.'7 ~.I<
    (l- i\)-(t;.) QW\1){tOO-300))..P~ tJ/
    .
    l'03I kfC\,."Mt.fl J/,r
    10 N'm
    I
    CD = £3.3'1 l:r.. . . ._ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    J. "71te q'c%ih'"e -,l1.11\ tit'lt- +ke. enevgfj -Ira.kS~ is 1~+O +l.t.e
    oIenD.J.es
    control volu.M<2. FOr.. A tJ...':(fev-eu.(; 1If)./ ue c.t (f04JfrtJfic e~pol1e/lf.t, +ht!..
    Vtt lue wot;d.J. be. d t.#e,reld=.
    PROf3L£M ~ '18 0

    KNOWN: A ~dl-\fA~u.la:t-~J. to.\A.k.. cOV\t1L\t\\V\9 1<-I'34-AlS c..OV\l'\ec.tee-t fo ~


    5lAfply h~e 0 Jts V'e..(..V"\q~lA.-\- is Allowe.J. +0 t--low t~~ +ke +a.~k.)
    a t.f-e-.cl~\e 101~e.Y' ~lA ~f..-te.L\o\k t.~po..\JlGls to Mo..llA\--o.~lA +k~
    f"etrlge..ro.lA.t \v\ ~e. ta.'Ak a+ GO\'\St!A.v..+ (p~S'lL"€.o
    EIND..: '])eterM\V\e. +Lte.l\mou.~ sf- Mit'S Q.d.HAifted 10 +~e +o.",1c. he.J.w.te~
    t~e i~I,°+IA.( +tiMe ,u~d +k~ )"'S+(A.\\.t w-hev\CtLl +ke li~lA.\c:( \'" +lfe
    4tc.&A.k. is Vttpori '2.eA..
    ScHeMA-TIC t Gr\tl/£A..J DA-TA ~ T ' ~~o-
    to "-
    Cons+al.t t- 'J>R!ssu. re: \ 1'2.0 0c.
    r--+-Flexible bladC~
    ~ - - -- - -
    I
    I R,-ll4o..
    JnitiallCj Xi = 0.8
    300 kPa 'm(:' :2 S k3
    x ~= 1.0

    Une: 1000 kPa. 12O·C

    AjSUMPTlolJ S : (I \ ,he con+rol VD I.u..Wle ie sHown wifl.\ G.c." : : 0 . (21 CoY\Gli+tcMs


    \-~ +\Ae. $Ufp~ \\'V\e. ("e.~\", c.oY\S~\A.t. CaJ TV\e ~f'e~su.re. v-eMo..\·V\s c.o~~~t '\\.'\ +\.\e.
    to..v\'~' (tt) l<"",e+lc o.\ACJ. f0\-e.\,\+\tt\ eV\e.r~'1 eWecfs Qre. V\~\\~\\'\e.o
    ANM..'i$li~ -r~-e. t"t.l,te. b"l(Al.\ce. ~ +1Ae. {.orm) <!'Mc.,,/d.+ : M(.o
    M.iA-'S W,-l-'"
    #e. CA~~u..~~·h·ot'\.& li"steA, +-l.-te. e.V\e.rqlj ra.-\e. ~Cl\CtVlCe. is
    dUo "/,o
    cJ..+v • =Ac..v - w(,v ~
    0 \

    .... Y'V'l i. \,

    The sp~clhc eVl+h'dpy he. is COYlS1lllAi h~ a.~s(,(.mp+to\i\{z..). TLu.t.s J (oWlbi&;\I~~.f~e..


    'MASS {A\.'\& eV\~r(j'j r~e.. loa.klV\ces ~ i&!\fe.jra.,-f\"~
    t~

    /lUc.v:; -WC,II + St, ~, hi. dt


    S\V\te ~~ °lS (.OV\.S+A.\A. t t
    ~.

    AlJc:.v:' -'tV"., + hi. Ji, -Wc.v + lA i (YV11.-W\,)


    \'hi dt JC (I)

    To eva.l (.(.ide. +~e wo'('k.l note. tkat +l.,.e pres&t..u'e ilA -t~e. +tc.~k is co KSI-Atd •
    111M.s r
    We v ::: .J r dV :: p(V7.- V. ) ~ r(~2.v,.-W\,~) (z.)

    Com biill \~~ (I) 0.. \l\.t-< (2.)) o..lIlGl vtofLlAj +kQ.t Aq,,, ::: ~,. u,'Z" - Yl1, U,
    "«l-z..U,1o- VV\, lA\ ::: - p c V\!\,. ".). - m ''''''1 ) -I- ~ L ~,.- M, )

    -m'Z.¥U.~+fV'.) - ~~1:: Wl,ttu"+f\T,) -h~1


    'M,. ( hz:k~ 1 -:: . 'YVl, l k, - \.)~ 1
    SoIIlH"1 ~ VI12.

    w,1,.. -:. wt ( h\ -lit~ )


    l
    h't.-h·:.A
    UlC"'5 dA,+a.. ft-"- 7~ A-II, cd 31ocr.,.: h.;= so.s-~ h~= 2'1-7·~~ Ic."J/~

    Vtl ': ~o.fs» +- (~.i')L""'7.)1-~'(SJ z: ]..08.;;.'(- te-:J/~.J


    h'L ":: ;)'f~ s-1 e:.~ 1t:.5
    1Yv- '7~ A-ll) V)..i= iSc.,.£2.. ~:JIt::.5 . l~

    ~ tM. == wt Z. - INtI
    ;; 1 'f. 01 - 2f :. c::r. 0 S lCj

    4-1 ,~
    A5SrJMPrt o,ys ~ (I J Forf£1e. Cf)rI:lrof volume. 6Jt~WIl) ~cv=o.
    (1.) I<I~efl'c tM\Gl pOkvr.+14/ e".e'9!1 e«.ee"f.s ~ be J1e- ~~ Diameter = O.3m
    Initially: L] = O.5m
    q/ecfett. (3) Tlte. wei,hf ef }lvz. piston CU1d fri(;tlo~ T] = 300K
    . . petwe.evt ft1e. pistoY\ tA.~ c;y I i "cC~y Wd.lI CAJi\ be P: = 1 bar

    l't€Blec(ecl. eLf) Ttte a.w- hel-taves a s (1'1 i'deft! 84S.


    AN4L'lSI S ~ The met ss rtl:(e bola J(C<z' ~ +he.
    -forM cJrnev / eL+ .. ~ i' Wi+h t""'~ (;"~S('('MP+IOYlS
    li stecA, +ke eV1et1f~ J;;~~/.1Ce j~
    d. lJe-v ;./ 0 , ,
    dt = f6/..cv- Wcv t ~c: r\1, 300-6 TS"'PPI~ ~ SOoA:.

    The l,~e ~vuLi+,C>Y\.s Ctfe. (1)\1sf·at.vt) So L,i, is c.ons+a.Kt. Cumb,'i.1I"'J ft.€.. Wltiss
    (A,~ eK~r9q rale.. h~la.nces a~ ,""'feg.-a.fl hJ .
    '1'l'll.ul..-m, f.,(, =- - We-v + l-t, (}'\1z.-Y\-l,) (I)
    To evaluate: -rhe WOy"-) 'r\.ote ~llt iite. pressur.e.. iV\ +l.te CA:t(,nder is ().(w~.s
    ettme"pheriG s,·nee.. the proc.es;s is slow l(M{;{ ~ill\ce ~SSliMpt~(3) "V'flies.
    llu.t.s r\1,,-
    We,,::. JlblV ::. reVz.- V,)
    'From +he lJl'vevt da3a....
    V - (j\ J p'\~ ) L ::
    l - \. 4 \
    (Tt (. 4'3 2.} Y\'l'1.) (o 5 m) _
    · - ().035'3'( WI
    3

    Vz. :.: O,070'-B


    I
    rl')'2.

    VJ e v -:. ('ba.r)( 0.010"8- 0.035 3t1)m3110SNJ~<11


    \k.c.r 10'5'k.\J
    tJ.~
    ::: 3.534 k-;r'
    From Tt1br~A-Z2,tt+ I,-=-;3eO/(; (A, =-214',01 kJ'"I~. Also, he::. hicr;Ufpl~).
    For TSUfP\.c:)::' 3001<) n~ ::'.3~O\L4 K.
    US\~j +he "ietQ.lL\ ~#S V"'--oe.t-e-l
    ""'n"',: 'P,V, :: (l b~(') (O,D3S34-m )!.lO
    R ~
    3
    SN1M'i ! \kJ' =o.o4/osk:;
    I I e . 3l ~ . k J'" ) ( see K )
    IV'
    . \ bar \0 N' "'"
    8.Q1 ~.l<
    vn e, -;:. (I \ (D.010(Q8 ) 1100 I _ .2 q. 62.8
    fz. v'z. (2)
    '2. RT1. GB. 3 1'i ) (r,,) - T'Z..
    ;tB.&f1

    Jr'\c-orporevf 1~8 +hese.. reCbu,Hs ,'.-1+0(1) ~~J rearrtu\.~ '''''~

    4-12.0
    .2"1.,,~~ 'ttl. - h, (14;2.l S _ O.OqIOS) .: 5.1.5l.f (~)

    E11A.Cl.tl()~ (2). ~ \ile-{ <'-0) CC1v\il be So\ vee-{ +Or ~\'\Ie.V\ vlAlv..es of hi (Ts~pl~)
    b~ 0..\'\ H·eYtlhve :pr()c.e.dur~ et."et d.~t~ fr"o'M Talol-e A-2.2. For7s""",,'IJ ~30ok.)
    72-::: 3001<
    Y\14. ': 0 . 0821 ~
    PJottln3 -for the r a n., C2. ef TSU-fpl!J v alues:
    400
    ~

    Q) 380
    ~

    ::J
    +-'
    t13
    ~ 360
    Q)
    Co
    E
    Q)
    340
    I-

    c
    t13 320
    i.I
    300
    300 340 380 420 460 500
    Supply temperature - K

    0.1

    0)
    .:::t.
    C/)
    0.08 - ~

    0.06 -
    -
    C/)
    t13
    E 0.04 -
    t13
    c:
    i.I 0.02 -

    0 I I I I
    300 340 380 420 460 500

    Supply temperature - K

    4-121
    PRoBLEM 4·10'0

    WowtJ ~ A "JUl-li.\S(4l~ec:A f~&~ - ~h~c:kV" ,...ue.II'4t.."'t ~ e..cnnec.+e~ ~ c....


    \JQ.l,,~ +0 Cl'-II\ o..lN- "\lLfPl'l1' TkL S~P\~ ~+t~s c.."-cl ~ ',,,,-\"\,\«-(
    s~ e>t <l.\.Y' \~W ~ ~lt~~. ~rr ~ o.tl~i.tteJ.. sl~ CGUAS~
    ~ P\~~ 10 CJrN..P'I'ess· 0.... .srn~. 1\\1. \~tt\tll.\ ~~ -k~~ ,,~w..MAU
    \A) \.~\'" ~ e..t:1 h """~ Cl v~ kl.Ul W\A..
    1=1r-J[)', Plof -fke. A'V\c,l F"'-"NU.'~ <It""e:t "'filM +-el¥\p~rA~re w"fl.c,..'V\
    -I-~ c'1A...':'cler- Versu.s sp,.; ... 1 c..""d...... + ~ vAr'J I .....' fro...-
    G!>1) ~ r~ ttof l~+.

    SCHeMAJlL ~ &=\,I/EIJ MIA ~


    :rn;t'j4./~ ~ ',<&''1.7 ",f/.;.2;-
    = BooF
    T,
    v, :. O~/ -ft'$ ~~!:-7" ~ ':'~ ;....:!i,~I;/:~·;-..~:::·.:1~·:'~; ..;.:.
    L....:- x Patm =
    Po"
    (1\4( y: v:~ =: 0, r'Trr3 LL Ani":'
    I .,
    z~#1.t
    ;c _ ~0 14.7Ibf/in. 2,

    M~UMeTIOIVS~ (I) T'h~ cOYlml VeLuMe \oS 6'r1.own O~ tlt-L Q..C. eoY\1pcxw\''ji.." C.hci.~l"UM)
    W',~ Go tv ::0. (2.) COY\.tU~s llA +k.e. GlW' Sl.A..fp~ Y'~'M.Q.~"t c.~\-a.~. <.3) \(i",e.~c.
    ~~ ~\'\+l~( Q,\'\e'4"9~ e~c.t.s o.'I'~ V'\~lL9'Io\e. ('t) T\te. G.\.(- ~e.kA\JeS 0.\ ~""
    \etto..t ~eu. (5) Tk~Q. is ~-hic.i-~ 'oe.fWe.~ ~ f~~~ ~ ~h\Ad.&.r w~ll.
    At4+l.YSIS ~ _ ~ h~CA.l f~SSU.Yl!: i ~ .f.ov..~ ~ ¥pl'j ~'~ 1J~\.s LAw -
    -to ~ (>\:s~, S,,'lI\c.e. CLW l-S ~~i.ttu. 5\ew~ ~.%F~ <o . 11.u.c.$
    r A,i.* .: fa.~ Ap~'T + Ie: X
    wi~ V-Vl :: X Ap;$t" J -t4 G'-(~S~v.Ke l..s

    A+ V =V~

    (I)

    - rht. 'MA.SS ~ IoCJla"",e.. -t(A.~ tk.t. ~W\j tAM,,,, d.+ = ~~. Wi"",,, a.S~\A.VIoCf+tOl\.S
    hs\-ec.lI ~ eNJr8~ ~Q.k. ~\(llo\~ \s
    dU ;/0.
    tA;''' ~ ,Jt:(.c.'/ - W C.v + vn L hi.
    The spe.c.l~~c. Q..V\~lptj "'.~ is C4l'\S\-e.~ b~ ().s:.u.~~ (3). -rLw.s C.O~l>\"\n, I

    \1-.e. M"~S Q.Y\d e.\\e.'I'~ ~ 'o~\~\o\ee.s o..vJ.. iv\'\c.jrA.t\~


    ~UC.V = -Wc.." - S
    hi tlY\1,v =t> n'I'1. U" - ""'1lA., ~ -Wc.v +h~(~"-,,,,) (-z)
    I

    S \\\te +,Lu. fV'ocess O~ slow\~.,) S pJ.V.Wc;v:: Wi+t4 ~. (Q.~ (A.~ve

    w.:> JvV2.r&~_ AIcV,'2.) 1" ll]J..v


    l(
    1 ~"' Api""'&-
    : : (f~ _Ir. V, 0(V~-",) +- k lv~'2... V,~)
    A,i£t~ '2. Apis+2.

    ~-/2'2-
    'PtzoBL.E M 4.10'0 C~"" tel. )

    (3 )

    W)~ ':. P;3. V1. ) w"'et~ 11. t4 ~Itel'\~" €'1.(1) (+)


    ~T1..

    5"r\'\o 'ij :T",":: S'fO°il.(wop)) l.ot~:: t.e.C~~oo2) ) ~'= t,{sv.o"R).


    ACCClrc:l.4"t1J T'l,.. c..,"""",,~ it.-kr"""",~ecl v'1 to1vln; cC;.l1.}) tu~)'(+"~f'" t..V,•..,."",

    6~t.<'I)(..l)lt) Oot'\.d l<-""OWI'\.II~ .f. -V1.Jl.4/I~""..(·.


    1\\..( ~dAe~ t" l~p\~lMe~e-d vi&c ~ {:D~oe..ui~ IT CQ-t/.e ~

    IT Code
    p1 = 14.7 II Ibf/in. 2
    =
    T1 80 /I of
    =
    Ti T1
    =
    V1 0.1 II fF
    =
    V2 0.4 II ft2
    =
    K 650 Illbflft

    p2 = 14.7 + 0.043 * K
    m2 * u2 - m1 * u1 = - Wcv + hi * (m2 - m1)
    =
    Wcv 0.816 + 1.195E-3 * K
    m1 = V11 v1
    =
    m2 V21 v2

    u1 = u_T(ffAir", T1)
    v1 =v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    v2 = v_Tp(ffAirff,T2,p2)
    hi =h_T("Air", Ti)
    Now, ""s,~S -J4..e E..!-.flore b",-tI~, 5we.4p J<.fn:>'M h~O -10 750 1J"f/# l~ deps of I" -Jo
    '3# ~(? foUowi~ r10 fs :

    4if- J2?
    48

    47

    46
    ~
    N
    C
    ~ 45
    .c
    :::::-
    '"
    a.
    44

    43

    42
    650 670 690 710 730 750
    K (Ibfl ft)

    156 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    155

    154
    LL
    ~ 153
    ~
    152

    151

    150 --!--.,...----,---.---,-----r-,---,---.,...-------,----i
    650 670 690 710 730 750
    K (Ibf Itt)

    fJot~~f.f1.e. fr~st,(...~ "P1o-t .(~ (I"'e." r , LS ~kdi(.,~-leJ fo~ ~.(.t)I(J..IfI.J C8tJ.J. ~'f~
    b.Qe", "1l~{'1. plo++eJ ~Cj kCtI,uL J.fowtllW> -the ~V(~c,.I'wYe. plot is lM>"- {''''ear
    ~&UA wOcMd ~ 1u.Dfe et~;eutt +0 o~i", "Oi+k>ed fi'..Q ""ce of t r.or Dff,.,.,..v-
    sD-tfwli\.Ye .

    4.. '240
    PRD0Lc.1-1 J./. J01

    KNOWN: /-lea-+- ml'1sfer oceo-rs -fo nitra,ell\ gas c.ort.Je,..litted ,tA CA. rl'tj"d
    fcvr.k.. GetS escOo.f€s #troU;'1h C<.. r.nessur.e.. roel ie f v~lve J Yna.Ullfct'V,,"'J
    Cbrtsft!u.t pressufYl. ,&:1 t~ -Idn-k. Tka. liA it itt{ &tKJ +ivta 1fet'-t.per-
    aiures ore spe.cifled.
    FiND: Deierm I'Yle tke. -ma.~s of. n i trogeVl -fltevl- esco.pes lAnd fhe {;(fJU}u.¢
    ef eYlergq -fra.~sfer hy he~f.
    .......A"' .....
    5CbfeMA-TlG t GdV£'tV DA--rA: el
    I I
    P=lOcar
    I
    IrSSUMPTI oNs: (/) For #te control VO[L<.rt1fL I
    ShOWI\" We" :0.(2.) The. sf-a-fe, 'Ill
    the ct>ra+rol I
    I N2,
    J
    I
    ~
    I :'3~oJ<.
    T-z. -::. 4001<
    CtLVI be. a..ssu.t11e~ fo be. lLl'1,'form Cl'+ OOl Cj I
    I
    llMe du.n V\~ ~e.. p'roc.es~. (3) l<,.i1enc a.vtt( I
    p:>+en+i~(e/l\~~g effects. CAn be. Ylef}lecfed.. II-- ___ J
    (4 J. 7t1e t1ifrogevt behet,ve.s ltS an 14e.a.( }J~s
    v =l r)13

    wl#l cemsrp.£ltt SpeCl(lc he.ovis e-va.lutt¥eJ


    af 350k.
    frW~LNSlS~ Them(HS raJebalQl1ce. fctke.s +£.te -Io,.m J.mcvltJ..t ::. -Me.. 1k(.(~
    -the m~ss tht\t e~co..~s J's
    5~e.dt
    ,
    :-Smol~cv
    M,
    ~ l111-W1~
    W',lh +he ldelA.( ~ClS e~u.~tl~ Df sta+e
    J~ecl+ : ff
    I R
    f 1.T l - ~"]
    T:z.
    llObM'){lM'3)L '
    : [,s.~t 4 ~ T:1 3 00 K - Lf oofCJ
    I ll,o.stJ/m'
    ka......
    1
    llf \1cJ"'1
    103 N . M
    \).8.Cf1 krK.-)
    Yl1lL~S
    =- 2 Ao Lf t..9 ~ E'$co.pe&

    Wi+lA +he a..~~u...\'V\phOY\5 tis+eJ ) -lke, eV\ev-q'j ro-~ bo.1a.lt\ce.. is


    d't5c,v ' • I
    -ct+ :. a.cv - \'V\ e. Vl e

    NO+t~ ~+ Uc.v :. Y\'l U. ~ ~e ::. U-t- RT} ~l1d. wj+~ t~ mA~ rak-
    JxtltlVlce

    1'V1 ~ ty ~ ::. Gc:v +~+RT) W


    Q,v:' -yn ~ - RT~~
    For (i.V\ ideal ff~s) etu.. ': c."" ({,. A\so) U;L+~ '(\'\::. 'PV/RT
    ct m ::. (EY) c!.I..
    R (-T~)

    4-125
    e.e), ~
    Qtv dt =(PVR -
    from Table A-:H):> Cp:' 1.04 I k::r 14.t<· T I1:f.<2.- tfJ ret+, ~5 ~et iYJ se rh'",~ v« lues
    1. T2

    S,V+ "~fT ~ I

    Qtv : ~PV'-1») k Th
    R T,

    :. (10 bell") (I W\3)(I.O~1 k:rIt~"K) olJ~OO)IIOSNI~'2.1


    8 .314 k:r ) /V"'\30 0 \'o",r
    I
    J03N'~
    "-r- I
    (
    l8ft1 k~'K
    = /043 t:r:.,~:....- __<.."
    Q

    4-lZIo
    PRo13LE M tJ ./02.

    KNOw1\): The o.jf' 6(,(..Pfl~ to tAVi


    OffLCe. is sku.f of.{ overl1l;ht At"d +he roOM
    fe~e('a.fu,r-e. drt9p$. I J1 -fhe. morn ,')'\3" -Hte.. ~f1n.o.s+a.f is resef().nJ.
    e: il.."..,Dwn v()kt.....efrie -?lowrale f)~ k~+eJ ~tr is SUfflieet.
    EsflMak -/-he f-I~e t+ fo.k.es -for -l£..e. rOCm -10 reosl« 70 8FI (). Y\.&
    ,,{of V'OOPl +e.~ero..fure cu C(.. ~nC'h~ of 11.M<:..
    ~C~klIC t ~LVGAJ PAd7i~

    A~SQMPTl0tJS : (I) ."For f.ke. wVlfrol


    VOlu.me skowl')" Q,v ~ W,v::t O. Of+lCe.
    (2) T"-e. ~~r D€AAIISs tt.S 411\ ide.aj
    fJO$ wi+~ consto.td: spQct~ic. ke4h
    1i :. '10°F
    pz IQ:1m
    0

    ~U."fl!1J ~ 5
    (3) Th.e preS-Su.v-e.. is it't~ ~~ &=:-=-=-.:=:...0=-=- _ .,2(!)o H arm ill'.
    J et-tM e.vev~ wl.,~V"e . (4) K1Vte.fic A~ 12.0 of
    ~\Af\'t1 e\'\eV'9j eHects CCA. \1\ \o.(L
    ne.
    l'\eta1e.c....+ec:l. .(5) I YOOyY\ aw- ,s IoOdl-Y\\ \x ed. l•
    AN4(,ySL's ~ ihe mass rtL+e b~l4Wc.e +Q.kes -I-1Ae.. -t"rYY\ cAm +:: ~ s- mroW i+k ItA
    m s = M r j ck M / tJ.,t :. O. 1h.u5) fke. V\'\C.< {; S .'" +tte. t"co"r' "\ S c.6l\s-k u.:t: w i~
    h~e... ,he oV\e~'1 r~1<2. bCAlAMCe. re.etv..c.es +0

    etvc" :f~ .. /'o • hoS . hr


    M = -kSlf-" -)IfIcv T M s - m,-
    "rl w i +~ \feN: V\'\ Lc.. ~ it... ::. h (.r)
    m~ +- u...j;Jf-0 :. 'n1 s (hs - hLT»

    fUr-l-ke.r) du. :: fa cr «r ~ h, - h (T) ::. <;OC7; -r). 7k-u."


    ""M Cv- $ :. ht:) ~ (T~ -T)
    Wl*~ ~T:. - d (~r) o.~ e,./I.&1"::' k:
    _ m del; -T) t
    ~ ~~ d. (I)
    k (Ts -T)
    . Eva{t.<.a.tl n., -m as
    'rVl s ~ (\.\r)S4 :: P (t¥V")$
    """'s R\s

    ::.
    (lit..., II.f{l~Z.) (20D (:.t3/'M.'-"") 114 4 l"'' l.]
    115'#5 -H.l~l \(5BODR) l.f~oz.
    C).e.11 'b'o~ oJ .

    vY\ :. -
    pV
    = (1'1.7)(2.0)00) . J lqLf l = 15'1 II,
    1< T ( l 'Stt:5 ) ( 5/ S)
    .:z.8'.~7

    whefe. +ke all~(~Q. €>f the. i.-tihiA.f ~li\& t1AA( fe.""fer~.:f . u.(e.s is u~ee:t io
    e.s+liM()..fe -#.e VV\""~S . Also,froM 4-20£'; k = I,~o

    4-/27
    PROf3ue}/J '1.101.. (CfJt1t'J)

    '~fe, fall;"'3 Ef' (t) from t::. 0 (r ~ Ti = l.fODp) -/-0 ().~~ f,Me. t

    -(~s) It\t~~~;1 = f
    e;r, sol v'~q -to r T
    T = Ts - (T$" T,) e«p [(- .,.;~) f]
    IWserfllAJ values

    T = 120 - 80 e"r [(- D./2.45) i:] < z.)


    So(v'~B ~ i-: W~eAV T~= 7D~F 9'~\/e..s
    -t~ ::. 3.7l:f "";1A ~~ _
    ~. (2) UlAi\ ret:ULi t!J be. pI otJ~ us; ~ sott"WfAN~. TIt e IoHoUJ i"", pi ~ t CAJ~
    u;-n stvuc:/-ecA fA.' i "':5 IT:

    80

    70

    60

    50

    f.L
    e.- 40
    I-

    30

    20

    10

    0
    0 2 3 4 5
    t(min)

    4-12.8
    tJ,J()WN: Air flows ~V"o~'" ~ we.L\- \"'SU.\M~~ ck.o...\M.~. Tke. LY\~ticd ~­
    d~+l~ \\.\ ~ c1..&.~~) ~ ~UfP~ ~fto;..s, Q.~ ~ ,-,<let (A.~
    e.k:'t.+ vY\a.ss f{oc..o vo..tes ~V"~ 5f>~<!.i:fi~.
    Dt..+vt~\;"«. -\W. te.~,y~e .~\'\.tl '~4~U.\1'42. of ~ Q,:w- \~ ~ ~\.&'
    <U ~~c.~ ef- -h~~ (Mt.e( r10+fey- V()f( i{)I).C tv\.et,~S +tew rQ..~S'. .

    SCWE:MA?n'- t <ZlV~ P!(J1\ ~


    v = 1 ft 3

    ASSVMpnONS :(1) Fo; tk..t c.o~trol l/oLu.YkIZ. cskown"


    Q", ~o o-.~ ~Jcv =0 .CA.) ,.~ +e~mtu.re ,,~ I~'!l./
    1)ft"C~uJe \\A tlf..Q. ck.o.~~(.(' o..((~. \A.lA.HOCM Air supply
    %.'fO~'-'.ou.:t o.:t o.W1 -h~Q.. t 3) K\~(2.t~ ~\\.A 3~6~f~ir2
    p~v.+\tAt e",e"'9~ '!f.(.ec-k AVe. ~~\~ib\e.
    (,4\ ~ osx: ls ~Q..\eJ o..s ~'" la.~CA\ ~tAS ~&::: wh~
    {f'- tJ,/W"'!I\
    Iblw.\~
    Well-insulated
    chamber
    W·\~ CO~to.~t SfC2C.N-ic. ~ea..+S . 5Ib/*"i.\
    A""M.8S'~: ,he ~s.~ vcd"e bc:c.tCl\.\ C~ ta."es +"-.t foVW\ ().. 'f'tlc.v I d. :a. M.- Y'r\ 1.. \)JI~ +
    ~l'" -M~ -= "M ) O-V'I\t"//cJ..t =0. -rhus) fu o..'M.ou~t ot ~,,~s c.oV\-\o..\~qcl \.'Il'+~i\l\
    1~ec.oV\,""o\ v~\,u..~e is t~f>~v..t. Us, "'~ a. UU.~p+lOY\S lt5ttJ,.> +kt l"e~':1
    IbCLlCl~c.e is dU
    "'~v -=
    D
    - + oM (h \ - \-t ~ )
    ;lev ;p!:-vo
    0'(' J wi+\. Ut.v:' 'M U.
    0
    f/fcv
    w
    ""'c./&.1: + u. = v\--\ l h ,- n H) ]
    w~e.r~ k1. ~ h (t) b<j CtSs;u.vv..p~\).). FU:N~.t.ar.) otu. = ,-,,"ciT ,,~
    ~ ttl::. ~ l' Lot) ) so

    "M c" tv- ~ -:. ~ [ h,- 'f T L-\-) J

    4I + (~~ )T ::. -Mee I,


    tlt "YV'\CN~ Vh CAl W

    J:\'\i"nDJ.Mc "\1\ ~ k.:. ~ / w-


    cIT + C-m k \ T :::. (~ k '1\ "
    dt C ~~~J ,~~V I
    iht ~oLu.+\~ ~t +~~ J~t+('fe"+\,,"\ e\~~Q)\ 1-d~S fu {ofM
    T(-t) ~ c €K? G(~:~)tJ + T,
    \N \~ -r( 0) :. T L j c. : T;, - T, ) $0

    T (-t) : (Tt - T; ) e}( PL-(~: )t] + T, (I)

    4- Jz.q
    FrOM tl.fc 'lV~&I\ cl~k
    ll!i. ;. 1'414 )~.(, __
    Mev:'
    ",..
    ~Ii
    ('4 .., ll.~/l ~."
    f.4
    IS-r.5 II
    ) ( I ffl)
    1'.
    -vr' .of: (5boOe)
    Z,g·'l 11o.01t
    1 l.ft~ O.010Co} 110

    Ff"OM Table A- - 2.oE ; k ~ 1.4. Also J Ti :. )00 OF ~Gl -r. = z.oo-F. 7hWS, ~'Nl ")

    ~ .: 1 'b 1 s T (+J = -100 e - e, 3 2.CIt I 't + '2.0 0


    W. ::. Z Ibis TIt): -100 ~ - O.~SB2.-t + z.oo
    _ 1.~'1SS-f=.
    W. :: oS Ib/.s T(+) = -100 e + 200
    TI1e pr\!"sslA.vo-e is

    P ::.
    (r). r
    070ct
    = Me TL-I:). TkuS
    IfeJ)

    (I ·H ~) II 44 i",~
    .
    V
    isss
    2-8..C11
    I
    .(:1-. fig
    1(, . 01<:.
    ] [TW+4bO]
    If..f&

    FUACd L'1
    ~ ::, IbIs
    ~ : 2 lb}$

    ~ =s IbIs
    L{S;~,(T -fo pI 01-) (J.J.e. tj e: +
    200

    180

    160
    LL
    ~
    I- 140

    120

    100
    0 2 4 6 8 10
    t (5)
    18

    17
    ~
    N
    c:
    ~ 16
    .0
    ~

    c,

    15

    14
    0 2 4 6 8 10
    t (5)
    ----G- mdot = 1 Ib/min
    ......-&- mdot = 2 Ib/min
    -B- mdot = 5 Ib/min

    4- 1.30
    C ERFIVE
    THE SECOND
    LAW OF
    THERMODYNAMICS
    PR.,o'BLel-1 5.'
    h~",+ P v-f.
    "1"olo,,""OI\ 0-1 of .... C/41.(.1;US sh~IM.'l4t.

    PAoaLe~ 51-:llt'
    K~Cw N: AIr' 4t.¥ po.u~t.s i .s~+ku"". 11'1 ~ h.e~~10'\ S p"C4~'ed ,s-ha.ies.
    ~: e:1f<a.I"'CL·h~ ~ ~eo..-+ -h---...I<\sft,.- o.",,~ I.&.to,....t::. ~r- -T"-... 'PtWlIe:."u o."'Id.
    e"pl~,""'" '..f ca.. v,'ol<a.-h"oloo\ of ~ ~t.lv;., -'PIAMck. .s+o.-k_~",-t ~cc:c.v...r.
    S"'C:W·U'otA'TIC ,( (;11/1: "1 bA 7Jll\ :

    r,,;-R";Tl
    " "...........1...... 100F:
    ~-- J

    V(~~)
    A~SuM\)'T(ON~·. 'I) Th.c. S"yS+C_ loS I II, Of air- _d~led ~.s 0..", ic:U....l j0..{,
    ('2.) "'e_p~ro.h-re r4:.-Ail"lC <:..0"'$+..... i: . L~ l l::.i",eh"Co o,,,cl po~",h"~ ~""e r"j)'
    e.J.-""1 cJ a.re. a.bs~..,~ , (+) "T"- svr'nJl.Nl4.t·"'j..{ pl~ -t~ rol~ of A.. ~ ...._~I\..cser"/J/(".
    (S) V6(tJw.-.t c.~ ,\ t ..... o",/~ wor" ~&.
    ANA\....'(!.IS: A~ ene v:''1 Io.do.~tc. +or
    i'ke f.."+e",,, re.Ach V;-"'Uj:. ~-W-. How.".':!
    o.~ -t"'~ ,,,,,te,,,,, .. \ t.ne"'~1 of 41\ ,·de.. 1 3Q.,s dep.... cls 0" fe.Mp.ef'.+urc 0"''1.1 Vi ~ 't1"i •
    '"J)w.~.1""'~ ev.e"'n ~ ... IA"'te rc.ciuc• .r 'to Ci),=W" fo-h";tIlW
    W~
    'l.
    5. r elV :. I 'l.
    "",.-!T d v: ~ RT~.£i

    -T
    W (14I)C('S)"'+\~
    -"') ~:. ( ~o t ~"\A (IO{ot;)
    I

    S"'""" ~~,cyW)
    I

    ~i.q, lb 0 f.t 10.4~OJ R ,1g ~Ib~ ~ S*l":. 2S.'t -n;-4i~~..;..;."j~-..J


    V

    I' I '\{

    ""'eo Ke.\vi...- P\~ ...d:. s+... te.~~ .. + o-f ike.. So('co .. d ' ...w r~-h'f +0 ~'f1'''~'''''S tk...t
    "'",hr,o th(''''IMOd)'''A-'''~ c..,ele..s ..C4/t.,;I~ Co",,,,,~..... c... +War ..... ";:, +i..., w.~ G., s''''SIc: r~te_I''IOI'''. ~reJ ~
    S'fs~u..d#r,oesl:-~1-~lIt"'('fc.I~. Ace.o .. d..·.. , ''1 I t"'e. l~elv,· .... -pllllMde s+,,+~~f"+ t'(Mot
    o.ppu·co.~,de.) so ~o v""ol~fl"ot'l C-AI«\ b-e. C.LAI"",#d. Si.....:\ ....l"\) -t1--c- CClJ.AAt,'VJ
    S~~.t"+
    ~ ~, Co-$e.. <.u,.t.'-. ~
    , wlM.et--':' ~'tv",.llt...::t ~-(-<...a.
    i... f.r tNoAt\ - f'W V1 .... "
    /('cl" .... ~
    ) ....
    tolA...,c.lc.
    ~ ~ ~ ~~
    .~
    'S~~• .....t", L? "'(It- /I..t1p"c.~

    ,,;;11.'1\(11;"\ 1
    -t'- $-f"C'O"'O ~.

    5- I
    .Kt.10W...... : A ~yl ... "" v"du",o .. , .. cyelot. I'., VI'otca""'O"l 0/ ""e ~elvl',,- P/III .. d:. s*'-It....,..1;
    of ... h«, ~~ c... d I Q W.

    FINe: S no"", H,...t: 0.. vi 0 lon'o", o-f tl,~ C/IlIl.J ,'IIS SfA+PMf'" t tl f +J,.,e. ~Cic.o ... c:l lcaw-
    I~ 0... c.~Ylsectue"'t'~.

    Colcl
    aeseNO'"

    A~tUMPT'ONS:(I)S'js"e"", , uhci..., •• l' Q. cycle ""hl·le. rereivl''''J e"' .....'~ ~u fr-o"., .,he..
    hot. "'~~.yvo,,. o ... cl develop.''''" wo.. k WC'Ic.le.. (ThiS ,'s ilf\ v,'ol_""o", o-f 114. "e,....."- PI.net.
    s+ __"e,""'.nt of 'the teco .. J Jaw.) ('I) "'13''''e"", 2. u",d"''',of'1 A.. cyc.le euhtle.
    r~\Mo",¥\'l eYl.~~Y C»c.. fro",,", t"'e e.,cI rt'Sf.~vo"'" A"d ("'SCho"3.·..j e"er,,, G.{
    -\0 ~ne hot "e$ .....__ O.... T""~ Wo ...te deve/o".J b ~ ~'1de .... I ,'s usecl +0 cLr,·1ft.
    $'1 sh"", '2..

    re.cl.ucps +0

    Wc,\cle : Q ~

    For 'S'1s+e""" 'Z- o.."'~~y b ... lo..,t, reo.ds

    \ttc,\c.le::: ~~ - G> e,

    <:'o.-Io:I'·"'·"j thes.e. eJC.pf#9fl·O"t

    ~.::.: ~~ + (Uc...

    /
    ...
    The. $o\~ nsu.lt oot the. C.O... bo'M.cI 'S'f3+e"", ,'s tho.t Q. ¥\e.t 4l.\4o\OIlK'f . /
    ~c.. I'S tv'o."It ~"'fcl froW\ 4~e. c.ol cl rcue r'V 0 U" +0 -t"'c. &"ot ('pr.... "o'·r.
    0. VI'O(Ai\'O", 0 f Hie CI4llv','lIs ;r""""t,M4tHf of. +h~ tleCoG",d lAW.
    PROBL'EM 5'.4
    tcNOWN~ lAo ~'16-4e"", u",d.,."oes 0.. ~'1c:.le wk,'I~ ~o,....,u.,,·c.+.'''3 wi"" "\DO "~stl"VOI·rs. The
    s'1 S \c "'" dllVdofS' ",,"""I~ rue
    l.O ... k. I'''''.,
    ~, fro", +,,~ e./d. r.n ..v••·... CIIO\d
    clt'ce.h.Il"J'·f\j G .. -4-0"~ "'01.
    f"ue ... __ e tr.
    ~: ~VA/I1~te t~ c{ait1l\~d p-ft rfo"'JIIA~n(e u.s I"j' ~ S~ CoD", d let a»,

    A'S'UMP'IO~: Tl-\e s'ii~+e.""" skeW" i « "tkt. Q.CCD..... pA"'~ I'", .f,"tJ"~ l.N\d.,."o~s
    0... pow~", ete-Ie. Ulhile e.o""IOtUO\'·C!A"·t>,.~ +"'e."''''1.. 1I1f e.u.'~" ikiO f'er."V(J'·~1 ot'
    $ h 0 wn. J

    Wct,e.le.: ~c. - (3)"


    ~ elMW\ C:ll'I\ IQ..c ev-.lu,.+td u.t,~, eNk.,. +t-C{AU.t'·"'~ t\oo~K~lv,,,,.94d:~~&.c4~,,,,t:
    (4) C.\o.",!I·U$. A. t'-""'", ;f\ "'''t. ,f.."UI"t. b~lo""", Ie.+ 1"e. 3,'"f''' c~C:(4!. drive.

    0.. " .....'" pu W'\ ,

    A", e... ,.t:> b .. \ .. "'t&' "." +"-e. \0\.. 0.04: p.._ P t'eAJs
    Q..' = G>~ -+ 'Nevc.le.
    Of') ",.·t'" Wt.,.. le" <Pc. - ~~

    5-3
    (b) l(elv,'J'\ - PIQJ'\ 1(, A $ &~o ....'" ;'" "'-e f.', llH. 1:1«.10 loU, It't Q~ be. hpp"'~ If i o _
    S,,\shW\ "J'\clt"'~.,,,~ ... ,cu."'.'" e'1«:Ie,
    HoT

    --tj--II" Wcyc.le.

    Nt1t, CDtls,Cf.r-a",. ~.-'o.' ...d t,,\sh- f. ........ J b) +"'e +1A,)0 !'1 r h ..... r ."'" ·U•• ,",01:'
    r~uY'VO I'", OD,orve i k.. + t~e. hoot reser".;" tlLp.",,"&I\t.r lI\O , " t t: c."et....,~ as ,'t
    rHc,,'y.C QK fro_ O"'t c-'1-c.le ..",cI ~"'P""'''t C¥ti +c> tke oikfr: Tk,,~, t,'''He +"'e
    c.C) ..... ~,J'\ccl s'1li-eM r e ~ ... d. "'p.'; PArl~ ..."-..+ u"d..." 0 c'fcl~t 0,.. ~l'pe"'I'('J'\ct "'"0
    ~c.t- c...k"lI\~e., +lo\e. ~o""""l'\ecL "l'1sh...., opc..r-Af~J' ,'t'\ " t'f ete . Mo,..tO"~"'II't:
    e"(c:.""",V\,~t ~ ..e r,Oj ,,~ Iotta" -Jr~~'" w,f1., ~ f,'"" J(, r es-er-veir : +,,~ c./d rC!'l'~rvol'r;
    w",'1«- pY'Dcl.Uc.''''', ... " e, t ... ~o", .. t.tw."&:, H-ow."er, ~'s is Q,. '1;01.""0'"
    of +loI.e. 'Celv,'",-PI.",c.I<. &+A~""C"t 01"''''e r('c.o... J 14&41.) Sll +ke or,'" ,'",., t'fslt""-
    CAW\I\Clt:. dpt,." t-t' Ill.! 4SrVK1t>el.
    r----- - :.-.---- &o,",,,,cI..,,,'1 .~t"'e.
    ~O,.
    .
    I
    I
    r- -- /
    I /'
    CAn...;.,." $" t" \Moo

    , I I
    v,,''td «.. ......_-,:- __..I.'_ _Jl..... 'Wtyc.l e.
    I I

    ~OLD ~l_ _t J
    " c 1:~~ lGc. \

    5-4
    KNOWN: E"' ....,y t ....... s'~'r by c:uHluc:f,'o", 1ro"", 0. hot. rpj~rl/o,'''' +0 a. (0'. reser-vetr:
    +.-\<ps· place. spord· ... ",#ous''1.

    FINO: USi"", +"'r.. Ke.lv,·.. - PIA.. c:lc. $+"'+~ 1N\~ .. f of +h~ r~(o ..,,/ 14lU/ ,how +k.. -t
    Sue"," 0.. pf\oc.ur i~ ;r"'f!vCl"t;b/~.

    SC+-Ie MA71C r
    i
    GIVe III J>A7A:

    T"
    T

    '--_.1:

    ;--------1
    I I
    I
    ---I
    I
    I
    I
    I I
    I I
    I I
    HOT I C.Ol..O
    I
    ReSERVOIR : ItESEItVO'R,. I
    1::
    1....._........_ - -_ _ I
    I

    ASSUMp'TIoNS: (I) The. $'1 a+eW\ :sh ...... "'" H., Aceo ... ,.a",'j ,'"", ~':J \AI'. re(f!,·.,,., e"t,.~~
    ~ fC"o_ t\o\t.. fu .... "o' r: ""","'c.~ p.rr.s ,,~ t:_~IIC""'" +"-1"'0",," c.. ,.od o-e ~-k.J'J
    ",0+
    t~'h +0 TkC e.lcI reur\/'o,·,.. (2.) A power cyc./e ·is o.~Qil.I.lc. {O.. c.ueo ,'",
    dt._o",~ivo .. ,*,·~~ +"'..t- +kc. PrOC,.u ;s .rrc v#rt"1;, te.

    AI'olAL.'UIS 'The. obj.c.iive. in "6I,'s pC"oo-f- bj c:.."t,... eke +0'01\ is fo cleVl'se. Q. sys-
    tt.,", ofho. t u"cie"'joes 0.. Cl'1 c 1e. ltJk'·c.h dc.vc.lops OIo~1< CooII'u'le tlote. sysk"'" c:o".... u".·c.ft,r
    +h. r ......"''1 1.\> .... "" S"h\5 1e. res...rI/D.rJ tht.re."'1 '1',·010.·.·...." -the K'eh·,..... P,.Mc!t ~ta+e........ t.

    r=----'-,
    I ,
    --- --- - - ' No".: (l ,1-,.,..
    .,10........,,, ...... <I .,.,.....
    - - - - - - - - -- I ~&
    . . . . . ." •

    .1.'.....
    •• ,4 ,...,."., ..
    ..,*/
    "."c. ""'"
    "".r c..U-e:t,
    flU..." •••..

    G" I
    MoT
    I
    COl..) Not•• ~ rc."cs... +J ...
    +0 ., ...c c.,eI
    "& ."..."
    re,.r"., "-clc r,.ef
    .. ;.-oa... ......
    ReSE"'Io,~ - - -; RESEltVOI R
    I pew'" cyc:le.
    L"--_- -_-_-_--
    __

    The. sy,> tern ,nouoYl ... b .. \Ie c.on~.·st.f of the or'·S'·YlA' s.)lS~c", rhu Q" 'y&-I.Mtt eo.p .. "". o{
    l,m c:l0iV\, 0.. po".,.." C'tcllL (a.UUMpt.'Olol 2.). T"','s e.o I $y.I- u",d.",o.'cr. cycle A:f foll-
    e""S. tl) A", ......." .... + of f!"."">, Ght is .j. '-{er,.,cl f,o i-k~ hot rtler-vo,r- -1-0 -file.
    pow... cyCle., pl'olluc"'''' WOrlC 'Noyde. c d c"'cc:k ~ ""'" e rS'3 ~ .... 0 tl,e. cold r",.,I/o"/I".
    ('2.) A..... o........... +.~ e ... ""5 y G il. +,. ""{4. ... re.l fro- ike. cold. rt!s... rlo,"r io il-te.
    hot tuer"ol'r "".'tko ..:t o.",,~ o+ke.r .-f.(.-.1s. (TllI'S ""o •."eI be. poss.·lcIle..o",ly,.;, .,he.. pr~fS
    duc!"bed iV\ _Do.S$ """,pt-.o,, \ W~re. re.\f ... sible.)
    S '¥\ce.. Cit ~, A<lclt.cl "'0 the co'ci res..."o,·" P:J ike.. p.""'" cycle. i .. -tk. +,'rst
    proCt'U o+thec:ycle el"'d +kQ. SQ."""" QllotcHI .. i o-/- eH~r'~Y is re,.,ovf>d f ..o 1"e.
    co lei. t'e Set· vO'r' i., tHe se e e .. c1 proct'fS -of +Hf' cycle I .. "",.~ h. t t V'" "O,t' ell' p.r'· C'PS 110
    \I\e.+ c."'.... ~e
    ,'., ,'''', c:uu,," +t·o". Th.. po,.,.r #eycle ... c:lost'd ",".·t~,·., ik.. cOMI,,· .. ed
    ~.,.,h"", ellso u",dt .. ~o • .s Q. "ye''', ACCD,....·W\~I::J I ike CDMbirted s.,osh .... u.. cI,r,o~s ~
    C,<:I .. i~ w",,'~'" wo"k W.yere ,'s prod.u".cL .... 4!l'Ch"''''8'·." eM.r,,) .. ~ ".·,e
    "'At t,.uuf.r c."·t,, A. li"'Jlf ,..s.",,,o,,... (tl." ,,",oi. (~servt:JI"r). Su."", c:ydQ. vio-
    \ ca. ... s i''''e I<','''i",. P.t.",ck & tAt.... ..... • f f"'e nco"'cl I alAI, a"'cl -t "''lS ,'s ,·....pou,·."e.
    :t~ ~llol&lc -t"'..+ one-Jor boil,) 01 ike.. P,..OU.llt's ~"'k""', up +ke. c't c/ C elCecvt-
    eel ~~ t&o.A. co ..... !.i",.cl Sr.,.~e- ...
    us"'t. b(O i"'pozr'"""e. Uo..ue"-tr, cu -t"~ -t"I'S t pt'o-
    c~ss invo\Y/",~ -the.. p.w.,.. c:1cl4! e.ca", ce:c",,.., i t ,'s t"'e se e e .. ci PILOCf'U tl1.t-
    ...... e t be "-"0$ so,'hIe: .. &II.,."
    ~ G2 e...."'''' o"t. b«. irAtu tur. cl fro""" of he Co I G 1'0 .,.,,«.
    "'of r• .servo,·"" w,·.,.k....t o+kev- coffu·h. a., cl.l-·.... tt·o .. J i"eM J .. Iotc. -h-Cll"'~,,".f.
    en.rgy C1.b~ eo...tluC.tfcll'l. ,.,0....
    ~l1c hot to +h~ c.eld (Utrvotr is ,·rre'lerr,·hle..

    PROBLEM 5·~
    kNOWN: Whe" Q" i" ..erc:... "'ec.... "j ".IYf ,'$ op~",.dJ CL. 30..1 e."p"'''~s -fro"", 011. . h .. q:
    of 0- +A'" K +0 +ke o""c...V'" hel'T "'Hi'''' "4 ....,,·f " to /1'1 e V.4~VQ. ft!c/.
    ~ US,'''5 +"'c. Kel",·". PI • .,clC &+cde""t..,t. 0'; tile. seco",d low, $ho...., t't",t- Eve"
    0.. pl". C.&$ is irrc. vers,·ble. .
    sc~eMATIc. i, GiveN 'DATA:

    --- ----, - - - - -- -- - - ,
    I
    I
    I
    SCl& .f.·lIs "VGelSel teJ I
    t(,t~ ."d
    illsa.l .. 4.J ..----
    I
    I
    •
    --
    I
    I S4S til\~ f"'ftre
    I ~olf o-f I I VOlume V
    I I
    I "tile VollI"'~ I
    IL _ ________II

    A$$UMPTIONS: (I) Tke S't.$'~.100\ .sko ....., ill .. lot .. Qcco ... ,. .... 'j,·.,J f-,',Uf«' lJt\de"'30~S'''
    P,..oc(Ocs in w .....·,,, +'-- Sell fJC.p,,,uh ~p.",T"IIl~.'''''7 ofo ft·" the. e., .f.1~ vo/v ...e V.
    (1.) 'Dur""'J -t"c. proc,.~s ~'=W=O.(,)The. ;"if,· ...1 .Mel f.'",.. 1 $i.. 4u ....~ C.9 v i/ . " rir,...
    s+"hs. There ,'$ W\O ''''.''',e. i", k' .. eft·c:. 0,," po"',,"". I «.Her')I b~,«w•• ", flies....
    s+A.~S. (4) -l",.\l ......."d _
    A -+"er_..' re~e r"",,',.. 4re. o..VQ,·'" hie fo,- ~SQ.
    in clll_O n ~ +t-o t\Y\ j +"'4+ -t"'.. ~"'O 'f'z 1 I'S i r((vr rr, "/e. •

    A~AL-'(S/S: Tk.. ODJ'U-t i" 1'&..,', prooof bj c:a",f,... d,·c:.+t'OM is -to dQ.v""4! Q. r:yS-
    fe"" thQ" v...d~r,oe1 0.. power cyc/...... k.·le. the o:ys+~ ... c.cu........" .. ,·c,.-I.s ...ke ....... -
    Ally ",,·t"' ... ~i"'"e. reser"o"", J -f"el"eb:j y,·olo.+inJ +&'e. \!:el"ilo\- PI",,,\! ~ ~~­
    V\l\e"t of ~"'e t#~o"cI lAW.
    fl.f.,.... e."" ,·der.·", s" .."'" e "".,., y
    ike ~ p 011\ i .. "_ .", IS

    WkU'~ "u" ... p,,·..., -z. Q.ftd '3 "'alit "4'~" u'oe cL ~cco,.4I...·"'SJ'11
    "tJj.,·_1 c 't}'ill,'h" 1

    ,.".+ is J +11e. i", h ...... " \ e",u·~" 01 +"'e. sys4r1Oo\ J.~c ",.t. C.kAl;\ge. in fkt {F.~ el'p"Mr,·o..,.
    A.• • ""cow .. :", ""'e. ..ft·~""re b4llo\oU J ""'O~.·{., ikC sy5f...... -+0 i",ch,d .. 0.. i""w-..•·...~
    A"d I~""oduc~ 0.. i''''~''-''' I "Jfrv••·r il'l .,,,~ lurrOU'HU .. ,~ (Usu"",p"'·oI14).
    '''' ....\ ..........
    ,
    I

    I
    ------,---- -T The ..""'. I
    I
    I
    ,
    I
    re,ervoir
    ,I
    L. _
    I
    I
    _J
    ,,r
    •
    l
    L. :I

    S+..r ...·"~ 1M1t'" tke. 9"" ~lIt"', +"'c t"' ...... ~ Yo''''". 'VI let ""''' ...od:.f.·.d ~yfft~
    "",d... ~o 0. cyCle. C.OI'S .·s ..... "'~ 0 '*' of~r ..e. procrss*s.
    Proctu I. Let .. \ot.. reYlt'S" ./- ike. .f..ee. "'Jl"""~.·o,,, oc:c.llr W•.,.",oJAJo ""':) 0."."
    efle... h. Th.. t ,'s I .. "'~ C3cu pArrf' $po",i.",4'O~S ''1 fr."", -tit.. r.·,kt ~4't
    o,*, +ht. +.."'k 11",""1 a't ,f.·lIs o.. ly ike Ipft "'#llf. (Tk.·, c.uo,,'cl be.
    p.st.· .. I • 0""'3 '/- +1\«.. S>"OCf'tl cI.,cr.lI.cl,·'1 tUtllM"+.·... /w.t'tY'tv~rt-
    ible. )
    'Proccs.s 2. L~~ " .. ,,'t o.f 'AS E'ltl'."d ~h"~,,, ike fII... hi",&. .·,d. ""e "",Ift
    half 01- t., I'~ un ....·' ~,,~ p'''U'l.I.rt in bo"'" nQI"i,t Is ihe I''''''''e. .
    .1'"" .... , ... d.·"" ujh .. ., .. fo, .. b,. .. c '1"'.
    I'" Jott wo,,1e '1"'.~ '0 H·c
    I",'h .. ", .. , ."''''1 t's deer't4u.. d: U < U.· ·..,.I.
    9t'Oc4'U ~. R.":'.,,~ p .. r't o~ i'''~ +-..,,11:.. ••.. ' •.1 .. 4.·0 d ..lid .",u',y"~ " ... t tr."r-
    fe-... fr.- ihe .." ........ 1 r~'tt"vo,·r ,"1+,-I the l"t....".1 .".... ,'1 of life
    'Af is rufur.. J to its ""'itt'. I YAlut. Thl.l.S,o. cycle ,·s
    eDMo\f'~ hd.
    The. .. e+ ,.s",lr • .,. +1,.', cycle. I'. -to draW' e.t1er,'t fro"","'" s,·""/e. r~s.yVO'·"'"
    D'a k ...t trA"tfcroMe:t prodv~ .!'\
    e41u",.,e"t ~""UII"'f: of wor/<. Suek Go..
    c"fc(~ yl·ol .....s "t"t t<e IViM- PI."d:. S+A"'''\IW'\.e'''t +hot uco.. d I.w, elite( 0+ """0$
    \$ i"", •• uilol~. S i"'te, b • .,,,, 1"'~ 'II'"" • "'b
    tlt~ 'tU b~ +"e. r~f~"'''tJi,.. +
    (prOt'fS 1) tH\d -f"~ d.ve(.pMl\~"+ lit l.uor~ A4 'lite p,ufn + .... "11(,(",,., +~
    -turb,·... t (proutr1..) o.,re ,ozr,61e. J ~Ca", h~ t!ofltclutI,J.,.I-t .. t e..t-lS.
    PAO('f'S'r I +"'..
    t c.; '·.... 'Ol'f'·b Ie.. S;"CA. P,.oc.tts I ,'s, ""6t~ r."u·s«. of
    t"e. or,', I''''''' \ fye~ fl')(.p4MS'·OA / it. follos.ul +", .. f- tl,,~ or,),''''", pI'D~,rf
    ,. S it'r~ ven'" te..

    5-f-
    p/<o BL..E,vt. 5. T

    F ' .... 0: i)c~r"",,·...~.f ~ ~u ~ i""kr",.llt ((""ur, hIe • .:r.f~ r-o ~u ~ r evers» ote:
    ~c,..~I\It""T(c. .& c:; 'lJf:,N 1)1\7""
    7-
    r------ p ~ ~ 'i\$~iE'fuIJibfi"lM
    'c:.Ir4.A.. I - "--. ?'C-OCPt.I
    • --.- I
    ,
    ----- -
    : I

    A.ss"""P710"'~: ,. Tw 'A~ i.e -t'- Sy or\« ...... · 2. T~ r--c-lJ' ~"'" "" ~VQt'·~f""{,h,,.;ullfA. ,.....CE'~r.
    AuA,--'rUS: Rt.~e.rt"'·\;\j' -to ~ d,.;~ . . u.·IM of k>c. s. 2~ lOc.&... ... ,.-uu c..; i..,....'.-...&J::J
    c.,,~t't,bl.. ~ r.--c.e~s, f.A:>o.,JI.,J.. Le-c.. t'e."e~ o"c, of +I.w 1",~ro",\;\cUr\J.s werc-"t&o
    f<'~< '1 ,rfC ....~ \0i l. 1-, eo CIl.O +<-
    'AS U ~.u..,.<r~ -tlo-t • ""C:L4 ~c1 ~c.,n. .4 f~"#r1' vl~
    ~CI.ss I ~ o",,~ Lk w~t." +~t (),..\,L ~ i",i4t-~ D'r 8I)(~1'\Aot ,·ot"t(14.h,'/. /t·es· T~J
    n"~,,..'b.l,~ ~~J ~M e,..."t'\. 10.« c:lQCLI'cLt~ 0",1.., I~ -fu.r+N.-r ;~"INt.(l·CIV\D..Ioou-:t~
    s"",..rou~d..l~,s ~ Pl"DV'I'd..cJ.

    'P~I3LE~ s.e·
    'N9!.U~·' W .. {CiJr (A'*,,-,l;\, Q" (f'm,... - c:.."t.,,~ ASf~-hlj CClDt.r ,...,o-t&...e.,...... ,~ ~:T 2so
    6F

    %1fIoN- s,.\\'c ...k d V"f0r -h> .sA.~t"A-kS ..t"c1c.1'·· ,


    E/""t>~ "De.J,e,."""" ..... 't- +...... ~UlS'S l-o t·.-t~~ ~ev~rf.bl~/ ~ r • .,I'N,&(.(.
    ~c~t'ttcc d (I.'I/£~ 'J)~7~l

    ASS'UMP"t~S: L. T'- 'S'1~k- :, -t'- """'.... i-4r ~ k"'-' (1ISto"'-C;J......-t.er A.~w,-"Jj'


    -r'- ''1 s\t ... '" '"~r~ I a.. e 0 "" t ~14 of ~ t'~. rio 1v."e ~ C» s:t frtI\4A tA '""',.. .... fc.cl v'7Z,.,..
    '2..
    -f1) r. "'0'+-« ..Lt',u. c::l •
    /tUAc..'r'Slr: S,,,,C14 ~....., ...... tu...-~
    ..:., CD... ~1'4\.f\"'\ d.u..1"'1l\~ +N po....cut) +'"'" p"-".ue.t.(e...
    o.\Soo """~'>4f c.e... stct~.
    A~ S't-..-c.., -t<r--T~" "'~"1r""",- J 11- ("--uU' ~ 0. ~~\I~M'-A...
    ~f t1 1J.t , b..-iv.- r~) "" .... , +-~ ~i","""~ t'el1.. r-tI'o{e. .
    T"""" ~c.u" .:0 _+
    r~II.~,,,,'e 10.# c.&u.~ ~ 1.4 A. .. ;,~. ~ irr."f'I'S;Dil"~
    w: ~ SI.o\,V"... ",,,,G.i"'tS- nCl""'e I~ ~ S'fb"'~""'&4..t ~ 'tYAIft'r..- .......1S4""S pl-.c..A..
    \t.).e """-ec.-. ~ (NAi."" o..t ;z.~O·F 0I .... .l -fC-". ~ "'-n"Dv .... '::!l ....' of ..;t 70°F.
    ~NDWN: A 'ysh"", u",tlft"90~1 0...
    C!y e Ie. rt.vfl"t'·"''j
    +"'t. r: _ .. 11~ wa'+'-\ 0-. &,''''Jle rC,3 t \l'VO " r .

    S "'.w ~. . ~ Wcyc,(<<. '= 0 •

    r1
    ASSUtl\P"TloNS: (I) Tkt.. ~ys+t.WI'\ skow", ill\ i"'~ Q.c(,o~I'."~'·l1J f,',urt v"'del"'~oe.r
    0.. re."4ers'·"'t c'je.l~. ('L) '1>11 ... "1'\.1 +kt. eyete. t,,~ S'1sfe""" Co ........ " ... '·C... ffll +"tr""t.-
    4l\.\1~ O"'l~ wi+h 0.. S l"'~le r-es.. rvo,·,. .

    ...w ,. L.'( "l 'S '. L. c. tot'''' c. ''1 a +e "'" u ... d • """., 0..... e '1 <:.1 e. . A e c.o cl ""::1 to +'" lL
    Ke,.\",·", -f'\et .... c.k. S+Q,~e""'f ...t o-f;'kA. "teo"," 1«&.401" I """to. "'"'0 " f .... ik~
    C't elf i s ~e\l'o 0r Vlej A +\ ve. I", Vtl hH~: W (''I c.I e. SO.
    A$ -t""c. c",\c1e. ,'s. l"tvt.... ,·\itle.., ,.t:. ,'s poss,."te "t_ rc..fv....., bot'" ike. S:JS-
    oft._ o... cl iis suV'ro.., .. ~,'''''.s 'to "t"''''''' ii,,,',"',,, .s+o..o\-s. Acc.orcL.''''", I., ,
    +"'crt. wo ...ld be. 1'\0 ~t ch"""Je. "" i"'e.. c:.o",c:l,·of-\o,", of "':he.-
    ('~~~ ...voi\l' 2.S t""e. elevA'KoV\ .f -Hut IM.tlSS u,ecl -fo s+o ... e, e.\I\e.I"'S() ,'_
    ike tUI"'a"c:w",d"",s.

    'T1r\ to 0.. '0 • "e. a-\-o\ t """ .. '" -+~


    <D ,'+'1 I'e u~ecl ~ Wf'tc.le :: 0 ,

    J.. :1"" S.e. S. 3.1) tke C4!Y\ve... ,e.


    is. d -_0".
    ofy... hJ: :r.f ""e. $,',,,, 0;
    e'l'" AJ, ~ ... " ".~S '. We.,c.l":' 0 ) "'kc. '"' +k~ C'1~,~ ,'s reve ... r ,..". . TAIC~"" to,ri-
    he ... , .. "'~s~ fc..v. de""'.o"""+~h·o,,,J'.es+.. f:,'lsk t~e. foil • ..,;..,,, propor,'n'o,,:
    T.f I Q.t'\O 001\''1 If I tke.. '!),~"" of #t"t u• f d '1 o.ppli~S 1M e"
    S.,) tke t)'t.le..
    ,'s re.lfert"bl~.

    S-'l
    PtaoBLE~ S.lO

    lCNO""N~ A pO&.U4'" eye'to 1: &",cl ... t'''''&'''I·It/~ p.""'.r


    eyc./& R.. op~,..1t. btfw~~"
    ...he S&~C two fe-servo,·,-t. FOr +"'~f«' C'te.l~l )Y'\:I,=tYlR,.
    ~~ Sko.... +", ..i &.,c.~ ':t -WI + Io..t. ir,.~ 'Yf,.,,· ",#.
    SC~frM"T(C 1!, CDt"e~ t> Il\T"":

    HoT

    COL.])

    ASSUMPT,ON.s:(t) Tl-\~ s.,sh"",fI..",ouJ baR j ... 't~ Q.ccc>-...p .... tj,·"',


    f,"'i'L
    .... t\cht"~u .. s 0.. t'~ve,. sible pow~,. c'1e1t ...,,,ne ~'11 f ....., I u",cI"'jo("' Q"

    pow.. r e.~e.\«.. 1'-\c."'- thAt Y)~::-t~~. c'lJ '80"'''' C"1c./~1 reee:.. ~-f"e rClM.~
    f!..\c....~ '3 GK fro,"" +I\f!. "'c>i- r". roe "'V'o,' r.
    A~"'-Ysn: % f. V\::r.=~3 R.. &e'\c:l lu+'" c.'1c14tJ "f!.(,~·V~ Gh+ ?oro"", ....... e J.,.'t
    rt"s~""o,''(') W'I. ': 2{3W~ -' w~ .

    '1"" 4k4'S proo~ h., C.."'f-to.. d,·"'· •.."


    o.SI""""~ J: ,'s ...~"e',,·Io'~. Thtrt,,'-/
    X o~rA+u ,'"" +.. e 0p,_.,'fL cl,pce h'o", .. s ... re.fr",~r. "'"..., (or kfA t p"""p)
    c'fc..lt, ""t. __ ,,,,'ft.tJrr 04- i"'e ~"er,'j t\"'A"'J~"S ~H)~{,.MclWX GUt/MlcI
    t't""o.,,,, eJkc 1'. . "",e. bJ- Wo'-\lcl be oppor."~/'1 oi,ecleJ ... J'kOCN..,
    It\ +k~ .f;', IIt"~ bet../o"", W,·t", :r operaf!''''j (1'\
    cppor,'~e. +k~ d i"~(''''U'''') +"t.
    hut fes.~,."o,r CAlOMlci 4.v.periet'\c. ~ t\t.+ ~kA.""".e '$;1\('. ,'1: wCe.t.lcl rt-
    <:tilft Cl>t+ ffo-, I wk,·le.. (J0u,'t\j cP", to 'ft.,.
    , - - - - - - - --+
    I HoT "'r---~ b."",d.. r~ .of tk~
    CO"",b I'",~d 'SY~ff_

    ~-T-----W:r.

    As """eo (.o... b,'''ed '3~ .. ,",-ow", ,'", +Io\~ ft',ur~ .. "ove is ~Ad« "'p _-I
    pc>rh +h .. t ~'l(.&.",+« C...,c:t~l or e.)t.p'r,·~"('~ tIC> 1I&+c:.ka",!a" +fte ('o"""".".~J
    "'1'''~'''''' op«t'o.+~.t ,'1'\ A. c'1c'.' MOfeo"e r, it. t\tc:ktJI""~s trte""i"~ It#.t
    W-AKr le-'" w,·+"'''' s"",~le reservoir,' "'''e
    cold r~rerflD"r. ACCD,..d.c·",~/'1)
    +&\t. ~ ... ",·".cI
    ~sh ..... ""ust. s"""Sta
    €,.S'.( ()(p,oesr.cI QS Weyd~=O)
    lUhefe. tke 'i~.,
    'J: hAS
    .t t,"A',
    l~ "s IIseJ "~CAU4 e, R.. fS revers»
    bee.... cuc".... ,d re."ert,·h'e. E.vtlh'Ah''''j Wr't(.Ic.
    J
    +,,~ cD_h"H~J to...
    .,« "It
    ':)s...~"'" ,'", +~"'-r -f +l1c (,Uo,..k, o.W\u"'.... fs WttQlI\dWTJ Wfyc.le:WJ,-
    W"X/ it fotlo,""c "'kat-

    WT=WR
    ~o",dlL"·o,.., is hoi; ,'" A"f'e ....
    AlL +1I\,'s ".,i:.. l.u,·tJ, tft. re,II",.-tIl4'"+ +"'a+
    WT.'W~J I·t; <:.AK':Ie.. c.,.OKe.I",d~cI tk.. +tl.te. h'1pu+~t"s Is ';"'S~tU,r1
    ':t .... "'s t bli. ,'I"('4! v~,.S',' ble.

    5'-10
    PROBLEM So II
    Je:NoUtN: A reversible. po\oUet" C.ycle.. R Q.l\cl Cl\1I\ ir're~"ib'e. power" Cyde.. I
    Dp-c t"~ +e be h.u.&II\ 1'~ 'Q.""'~ i-&.V() reI~ rovo/'rs,

    1='0"·)'D: , ....) T.f e-.c..... cyc.lc. t'CUe.I\MJ' 1"'- c .... _~ c...........,...J- 1-e ~ -r,.~ +"'-
    hoot .A4. ~~~l r, S' 1.....0 ..... ~ :r tL.'s c..'-t"r: ""'--e ~h to""f",. <.old
    re~""'V"D/'r, 0 v
    (b) 7"6..c..c..c... cycle de~~ .~ ('A.lo.\t l\e+ ,""ork) sL...c....,~"I
    ft>c'k 'Ii"&:t '-fI\-l ~h ~~ ~ l.-.1".AU.L1'"\-O ,'n
    ,
    ~c: ,",to WI'\" 'Tl Co E, ,,,'S ~ 1> '" 7"':

    (Q.)

    (b)

    AiSOMP'TION: T""-. sy~h_ du~o~~c:I b,:, R. in ~~ A.c.c.o""'P""':1 ,'"" -M" ure Vl\de",Df'.f
    0.. feve,.s,61« pow..r eo., de. \AJtll'l~ s~r"'e"",,:r u",d."J(J'.1 a.... i,.r~l/frtl'h/e PD~ ....
    ~c:.le.

    A ~AL'(SI S :(o.) 8 y t"'e f,',... t. CA,. ",.t Co,..ll"":1 ) "V\ ~ '> Y\':t,. S "'"CC!. bo+&-\ r y c/r.J
    rec&Nt. t"~t. ~ .. _~ 0._0" ...+ of eol\.""" ~ H) ito fe\l.",,! ..ho.... W R ,>WI.

    It", ,,"'u'''!:1 b .. \A",e~ .fa,. ~ o."d "I ruelJ tup~e,*,vtl~

    WR, = QH - Qc.
    ,
    W~~ ~~- ~c:.

    G2t '> G)c. .....r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


    "s w«s +0 b~ de.~\/\t+rA.+ed.

    'l,&4.S J lI\.ot oll\l~ d.o 0.c."", .. 1 C!'1c.lrs cl."elop Iru WC),..~ +kt~ .. 110 d."tc.ka,,~
    'M.,oreo .e",. rj:1 b 'a htA" -tv-Ql\S ~ r: -It> ·H.~"", SV V',.~..,"" eI,' "" s) +I1r re b a
    ,'O\C yt>",s-
    '''-' +he. toffee+ 01 +h«. ...M-tA' 1".0llu iss»,

    (.10)

    :ii->W ~
    ~lr\ <:S2;;

    -.r \ -+f-t. 1A.o+ IUt.S~"IMl;r" t.u~r e, b 11 t ...'t! J ~~(


    ~ ",+s..,'~~ cl
    ~tII- ~ (.f)-I, u ,'h' ~ c... s ~i l 1 -fo
    J C'1 d..t..:t fu..c...t
    v." o.....c. cl lA~
    ~ d::L.-r· f-....t
    I\...L1 v' 'r .e...... e-:t . Also I "'-"O'f Co #--*- c. ~ c. (e, .:z: e4lso
    ",,",,0 .....\ cl h.e.. Vo-4 ~ t:{t' . .=t" -4. .e-.sv~~.~ ~"'fL -to -te- c..e l cl
    I o..llro ~ "'p L.,'CJl.-ble,
    ~I/"7J; r: .I i'O ~ c.."""" -...sa.-h. "bU I Co.) . I -I
    £.u O_c:l I
    P~oI3LcM S. 1'2.

    KNOWN: T"' .. t<&lvt ... -Pla",ck & .... t~MC ... t 01- i''-e.. ~uo",d {.14.1: Wcycl e ~ 0 ('t"'5 ,..
    res ... Yo""')'
    Four>: ~~ ..... t",..1: 0.11 revt .. r,'lD/e po"" ... C''fc:l.,r Op ..... +.. "', btfw •• 11 ""e. S" ...e.
    ....0 .. c.,.... vol·rs Jw.vt +.. ~ a."'t +"' ....""'.. 1 eff,'c,'C",CI'
    $c.~e~Anc. ~ C IV&N t>ATA:

    HOT

    ~ ~ G"·'W~I ~ ~ G~- 'IN icL


    ASSUMPTIoN: ,. ...... 'Cl c+."u a\o\........ ;., +"'. ...~c.o""p.,,~ ""'1 .f,·'14r~ te.c,", ~ ..\CI ....,o
    ,.......""'i_ \,
    po"",.,, cy c,~, ",,,,"'1 eo re.cet",·"", +"'e. S.M~ Ql"u .... t ~ I .H#"J Y ~ .. .f,.~­
    +l\e 'f\.t. t'e.'.l"voit-,

    A"'''\.Y'S'S~ l.c.~
    ~'1c.'e. ~, op.l"...~e .. , ... ,.&.ve .. I,·b'e. ref,..".,...+.,o.., t.,. "" ..1:-
    p,,- __ c...,~te.). TI\e. ""'A"Wl,·h.d.r of Wit,) (;I... I Q"d <Ie. reIMQ,'", i"e. , .... <,,"'*
    e-,,.. "'o~ o,'oCI·... I'j 41· ... eitcl. F'v.." tket'J (MI·t", Il, (,Go.... Ie,·.." l", i'''e. 0Pt'0"''''''
    c:l.,·t.t .. h·OM I +"'e. ho1:. rese ...Vol.. woal t e,cp""'·e.01Ce. Ito .,.1: c."".M.'~ ,'", ,·t,
    c,oftC&'-+'o.. '"·I/\t. it wo ...tet r~eel've ~ ... -fro..,~, w/u·/e. pou""'", Cilff. io R".
    The. 4l .. _""owo.....·ol/\ i~ &'0_, It., &.oWl' ,·au.I·...,
    ike e.o"",",·"~cI 1'1& ie ...
    te.+ed
    e.o"""·sfl·"' 9 of t"'e. +\00,#. <y c. Ie s e."'d t"'e. &'ot r'e.UJ"VCII·r, S ,·\fI\tc. its p-.t"'1s flt'CI"''
    e.'tc.\~s 0.. e'ltp ;e"'c .. WlO "~i: d,C""'~ I +"'~ c.o..... ",·"~cI I'1S"~- 0per.+4'S ,'., -
    C'1c1e. MOt"~ov " ,'ot t¥c.""a"",,~.s e"'~"":7 .. ~ "'tAt. +ra,,~fet" ~ l:,·""l~ """',*,,,
    re r~ r v 0 ,r: ..."'. e.o la te.~e,."o I·.... Ac.c.ol" d,..·"'3 I~ J t "'~ ~o~" o,-eQ ry s".", "CIS t
    s"'+\'''", tke. 1<"\vI·",.f)\",,,ell:. £'+a-#~k4~.. t e.xP"~I1~cl 4.I

    WC'fc.lt. Co 0
    UJ"'e..e i-ke. e.C\ ua l ,+., WI V~. .. " .., .... ""s (L .. " p.. rl-s 0-1- t" (' co .. " ,'.." cI ''1 II'... or.
    fuo< of i r r h .... sIIJ,·I.h·.s. eVAluAil''''~ Weye.l~ I .. oft,."", 0t +~ Wot"1C. o"""",,,dJ'
    We, .. "ll tNR....

    or
    I<NOW"'I: ""'e '<.,,,.... - PI.",cK $fd~ ....... 't. .f i"'e secol'\cil 'ow: W~c:le. ~ 0 (u""le
    l"es• .,..,0.'.,. ).
    F I Nt>: s\.\.w i"'.t (0.) the c.o./I-t·c.,·... t of p • .,.f.... ""."re. of A.., iI"·r....,."·",.. re-
    .J......, .... "'·o\'\ eycie. is 'en i"''''''' .,.&,~ c.••.{.!'·Ciflllf.t of. p.r"o,.wtat1~e of
    0.. " .. v• .-s•• le. ref,."!er.",·o .. eycle wlte,d'ot" tlCek..",,~ e",,.,) "'3 hE-At mMS-

    .feY" cult'" +11. t ..... iwo 'eS~"' ... oi,.t, (I,)." re"e""",,'e ,ef"·,'!... "·.,,,
    cyel~J ope".1'·"'j h-tfw.p•• ""'e SlI...,. +WO r~sel"''''o'''''s ".~e fife 3o.lI1e.
    c.o. ff'c.&·e'" t 0;' pe rf.".H4A "ftC. FOr p.ri" (c)J tcO) "e "l"\e)Cr p A' e.
    $CMe JIII~""C •I 6'V!N 1> AT",:

    w~

    AssuMP"'ONS: The $'1S'+elMs S\I\IlWo\;'" i"-t. Q,Cf.,O_".":J t"" .[..',""e. ~,..d.""o


    ,~ ......·~''''OI.-n·o", c,\ele.s. eac'" c't C Ie. "e."",ew• .s 4t.to'\ ....~:3 (ilc: .fy.o_ i"'e c.IJ ""Jt",,,o/,..
    R. Ace..... "I.·' heJ +""",
    fOe". ~.,.,.I'1 ""'&t.·le r ,'r i..-rev'r, ,·"Ie.
    ANA,-y~,,:(4)Let R. op~t'OI.h. AS ... re.".r,d"f. Pfl>VJ4... cyCI• • -r",4t. ""'Q"O\,·~",dt.S'
    e.f WR)~c. .. ".lq~ ("Wlell"", ike &o.""t blo\.i. CU'f. I'\OloU OPPoJI·hl::td"r~c"tJ.~r-
    +",...,., I0Il.'+10\ It "'."kl"'J i", +"'t oprow'·... e. cli,ec+r o..,) +I\e cold ('u~,.".,·...
    wo,",'cl t.,ep.,.,·e'H~ 1'\0 I'\et. (.k4"'~e ;'" ,.+s c.."d,·1\·o.., Sl",c~ ,·t U1o,del r.cetve
    ~r. fro- R ...,,,,,·Ie pUfi"'j Qr. ofo r.
    ,."'.. cl .. WW\o".\~ .. +,·o", c.o_,,\et.d b':i C!.o",s,·d..·,~ nj T\I\t Co_IItl·Mt.d 10'/$-
    is
    ·h."'" c:.oW\ti~HW\" o~ -+"t. 1-wu eyc.l.e Q"'cl t"'~ Colo 't'Se.t>vo ,· r : Sf"" .. ,·ts p..l""ts
    e~e(!",,+t. ~ye.I • .s or tlCper,·.. "'tt. "'0 flU: c:.."'."",e., +11~ <:o"",~,'''~ cI. ,.,'1',,"
    0t>.. rQ,~tI it'\ ... c'ic:.le.. MOf'eovel" J i t .. "c."'.."', • .s e",e.. ~y b,:) heat traM'/.1"
    w,'t"'" 0.. s,·",~\e. rc,se. .. Y,llI·": the. hot r'~.s.,.vo,''''.... ccol"'cl\lo'\a \'j} "'~t. e.•...,-
    b'Y\td s'1si."", ""'''st. 'AHt1)' -ike. ke'v,·",. Pluck S+CL"Ie.""'f",t .)C.p,...,ssecl QS'

    W c'Ide <. 0
    w"'eY'f. +"'~ ,"'" ua I, ., ,'s "sed beAAlo\,'e. i'i"r~.,err' b'e ('fc'le I ":1 ,'",clud.d.
    E"ell\u,,+>to'\~ wcyc\t. i", -'t.""-'$ 01 -Ikf. wo .. l< A""'O"M'h wR uc:l W"I,

    W" -W-x <.0

    'N R < WI.


    0+ of I\t re fv,,~ ~ ... a""· C'Yc'~.s 0""' r.ce.,·ves t"t. SQ""'e. t",el""~ ,'''put Ci)e;
    +kAi: (?Jrt "> ~% GO'\.a ikf't c.o.... ,.,.+., tke dtWW\o"" +.... 'f,·Ot1.
    ~ M~

    / I
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    5"-/3
    AN "'-'('3 I ~ tb) Tn,'s prop•• """'.'" e"", be. dtMo\o"'st,...... d in A par" lit I Wo')' ".!I
    CAw\~,·cl.,..,·"',
    'huo r.. y.,.,,·"le re4 ...,·' ..... ..,·0"l. t-YC'fJJ ~I .",d It~ operCl'f!'"" ""'w#t'''t
    of", lAMe fWD rcservo,·,.S. The"'l leHo""'} fl. plAy ike ,.o,~ of ~ "' ... R'\. ike
    ,.ol·~ o~ :r i ... +,,~ prey,'o",s cl.. v .. lop"""... -t:) A. c.o_~,·".cf 't'tlt.~ COMS,'C"',''''' o/-
    +"'.. +c..o oyete,s ."cl +ke hot r •.s.,.v-o/,. ""0'1 Oof ~o,..""cd wk,'d, *ust sA""tf~
    'Heyde ':& 0 1 Y/I\. e e +It. ..,
    ~a~"", A"~ .free. 01
    II. ',+, "
    s uu d be!-c.ces. ,," p......., 0" +Ile co ...
    ,·r... e"~"I~·"t'I,·+r .. s. ThlAS I t't c. ..", be c.o'H.IJ..., hd
    ,.l...
    .,"'.t
    cI

    WR, ... W~~ I A",d. -+",.... -/0"0& Pl\ ~ (3R-L.

    FlAIr>: Skow .. ~ ...t (~) +"'e. c.•• fft·t,· ••d


    .f ptr/OrMo\AIIlCe of Aft Ir"."f~,·,,/e
    ~~t= P"""p cyele. "S les: +~'" ofhe coe-lf,'c,tttll+ 0;' pofrto ... tfoi\ute.
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    ""\ he.. + iraI\C~'" w,'+~ +ke. .-.~e 4-..,0 re,ervotrs I lei) ./1 'e".rs,·"e..,
    ne... + p" ...." c.yc'n operA-h'"" be+w••" +lte. s "'~~ +wo rtt.rlfo'·r ,s "-t-e
    -t'\e. Scu",~ c.t1e/-f,·"'.lIIt ...,. pe.,.-fot-Htt4"ee..
    ~e~e""A"c. .eI ~ weN 1>~T":

    HOT

    -I!---WT,

    ASSOMP",o,,",S:C')Tke ~ys'fe""'J ck.w~ i", .. he. Cltcc:o... " ... ~ I ..., .f.,·,,,te Vl1J~f'St)
    ke.. t P"'''''''l' eye.es .~EAC.'" c.yc'e PrOy,'dtl "IIIerS,! ~H io "'' 't
    £.tot rererlfo,·,..
    R. o.tc.o""pJ,rhu tk,'" rtve","blv wk,'le :r is ,,.rtvtrtd>J4Z. (3) S.t'" cycler.
    op Ioef.., C.. ",,&. +.., 0 'e/,r~r"oi'S.
    A~AL.'fSIS: Cc) Ike d~_o"I...,....+t·o", pA..... "cl s tk. "pp,.•• c'"' ",ed I~
    ~tA). ~WfV""1 i .. +kt p er.... + (.Q.stt. ike e e ....... ,·lIIetei ''1$+.... wo.,c1 (0",,'1+
    of. t"e +WO c'Yc.I., A cf fA". hot ff!SeV'vo,·f'. <'1»). 'Tk.. dt""ol1,N'.f,·•..,
    pa,..lleh i~e A.,p' ... ek ",s~c1 ,'"" P ....tCb).

    5-14
    5./4

    kNOWN ~ T\I\e... S~""'bol E> cl41~O i~.s +~-P«'f''' ~,,~ 0", l<e\vlM'S I O,o.,.,.+h ..... ,·c-
    ~c.... \e.. .
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    l03 Ar l"f"'..... t e: ~e.... t e ,
    te) ObtAi"" ca.", f)tpr~sr'·.'" fo~ -+,,( +k~~", .. 1
    tHt'C4'4 W\.C~ of A. rU.frf, "'e.
    po~" Cyc./t optra """'" I,ot tl.Uff"t "Jtrvol'rJ
    -1- S.., A ... cl Be. 0"" t"~ 7c....(e . t.,...,.N"'.. . ,·,
    A..,"'\..Y~IS: "T~.. +,",,0 seale.s o."'.e... fro,,", d.41 .."u,t StJr<:'-f.'c .. ""·Ol'\-c .f'i-"e.
    fv"'c.-h· ...~ 'fJ i"" E,. 5.S:

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    Gw ~IL

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    .~ p Sc. ': e~p t ec.- EM]


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    wk....e. C ,'& 0.. CO ",t."" t. c1eh,.t..t"'j +"'t. \tve' 0 f. h"",p'''''. ~Y''' c.o,.r.I./,.",d"V\j
    +0 oz.ero 0'" +\I\e lo:!_,..,,,,,, t\o\,l'c. S'C:A'e..

    (b) Te""'p,,,,,.. \l.uts on -+hct. K"\v,,,, • c.A.\~ "0.V"~ (=Yo"", 0 to +(10. wa",+"c. te\Qt,o"-
    '"""f 0+ , ..,..~ Ul) , i~""''''''''''''14'U 0",," tke I o,"""+"''''''c, ~ c... Ie VAY' ~ tv-o,*, - 1f
    GO
    +OCI . ~

    ~ E"S,1- ~,'#~, 0.", e-.cfrelt,·oll\ fo .... t"'~ "'~e,,_.'~fft'c.e'e""c;of .. tev'r1;~/c..


    p.Uo'~" ~c:.te. wh,·le. optr,.-f,'"" be+ut~.", '.u ..."o,·"r .. t: h""p~rA-k.tr('.r
    6t-\ A""d C9c. 0", -tke lo,tcr,'"'' "",'c ~c. .. re,

    ':. \ - e~pee.
    ellp 9ti
    ... (~)

    s-n:
    Pi<oBLEM 5.lb
    'The. ~A.S1e ..... per « fw~ S<:.t:t Ie.
    SCAle,. de r
    t1ed ~ S'ec. 5. 4.
    FIND: DetV\.C41'StvlJ tc Tk...i: t-"~ tl-v 0

    r--- --1
    I ;dee.l I I---
    I 'J'lS I
    L l

    ASS'UMP"ONS: (I) The. "'Y'.1IeWl showVl "'I -t"'~ A,ure COillS'isf.r

    of to- ~4S Ob e Y ' pv-::: RI'-;(JjLter~ T/ deill.cte,s ·fe. .....pey-~l-c...re OV1 ....,~
    IrI,5

    <Dcaas ~'cctle. (2) T'''e :>/"Sk'v",\ uYlderJ"<.s a.. rc.lle"~,ble c yct e. (..oJt..., te:
    c.ew.-vM.4" CAh· ...j +z"l2v lMa l' 7 .v.. ..r . Y'~s~rvt>.;"~. o::t /1+/ c<.J1d T C .... • (3) Tl-tfi! c,;,cle
    COI1~I't. of ..p.,l.4-' Pl"O(~~·S'-e.s jY) S-er/~S, 1-'2 15ict~t'--< o.:t 7ii") :z~~ e:..d..'""b.. h'C..1
    ]--+ ISo·thAt .....,.M .... 't Ie. ...... ) 4-1 DI<L'Ah"h'c.. (4) 1<:.11<1(/l'(.. A ....<i fJ,;f! ... IlA.l efllet-7/,
    e1*ctt o.re. o.bS<rtt..

    A~ AL.YS/,s: \U;t", tl.Sf,.n"'pHtJ>-l (if-)) an elller~) betle:tiHC. In d. Ffe...-t'>1 hp",.{ fov."" N"-cl~
    d u, -= ~(~/io\) - ~ ( wi lot )
    nt'n) S I " { e f he p-..oc;<'s"·",,, o.r~ ""'te...",tI~ ft>l)Of,blc= ) ~(W/itI):. pdv-, Also) ft.".. -I1.t<
    1:]" ~ ) d u, -= Cv d I "', CD l l-ec ·ht\S /\.Q r u I t: s

    Prcces. 1-2.: T"' e 5a.s.'

    rT/ e
    = S(~/IOI)I'l

    P~u 2.-"3: The{~ i~

    fY-o M c1 U el -h' o/,\ s ('2) a ... d (.(.)/ \fJ/II1.-:' 0'-

    1rJ ~~t~ wlt-"" €~ vAnO"''' (I) ~ ("3)


    /CGJ/iI1)3-Y) -Tc;
    ( ~ /~VJ) ;-2.. = T:..

    t.V~<:.h. <-OIT-e~POfldJ. to E 1 V~ h 01'1. 6, b ""r1der-ljl"jt4 kell/IV! sc~le. Th.;,s 1.1oI p L €'J T~ T;


    w"'er~ T de~~o+e.s fe """p..a ""A.fl.Lre 0>1 +~e Ke I v,'" <Sea. t e. .

    /. The Y-evey-~,b/~ cycle. c on ssci e r e d here: CZ/rv(,'''spOYldJ' +o+~


    Co.Yl'lOt 'yete dlsc..>ssed i"" S'<?c. 5."'.

    .5"'- I fa
    I<NOW~: A sys"c .... u"d..r,o~s 0... re.t'et>,ib/c. poo».r cycle ....k,./e nteill"''''J o"d fl.."Cf\4t"j-
    j"" ......,)' . , It,.t n--,JUU/c'" ""t't'" IlNa -tlttt"""'" . "'~/'f""lI'o/"".J.

    To l"c .. c ... ~ 'tlte -I It c .. _. 1 ell-·c,.·."c, J .... 4..... _·"c.. ",,"e+"e ... it ........ 111 bc..
    beticr ft, ,·~t.t'_ttt 7H 0" d. ~"......s« 7C.

    Tc
    AS'!.\JMP,'CN: TI,to Sys~ .... sh.o"''' ;"' ..."'" Cto.cco",,,,,,,:!,·,,, J,·,u,.c. u"d..r,o., 0- r"ff,,~;IIt..
    ~w.,. t.'cle.....,~I~ ~t...·V'·III' a"etll"sc"'-"S'I\1 &II• .,y II" "eai +r."I~" ,.,lik 4-""0
    fllu..... c re$~"'''. trs.
    A...,tlre-'vsis ~ TreV\C:ls CA.", IQ.c dd................ "'~d. t;,t) a....f!f-'4i'IIIf!A.'h·O""' o..f e,·!". i'.1 "'........ c.M. ~
    Q.t1PIf""ble I.M ~..~ ccqe

    ~~)'\ :: (~)t ~ 4a TIf ,.. cr~u.~, yt '·"c"... ,u.

    ( 6'f\.)
    ~Tt. r" -_ _ I
    T..
    ~ As T" deV"'Ud J Y'\ l"u~"/~r.
    QUA.,\.\\v.o\\lI~ q,,,o.lv,,1\\JY\S o..Uo <:.W\ ~ k,..o.. V$:"'j «='1' S'.a

    :tl "1C. Is c1cct".A,.d +"'... ,..-....( .#·coo·.."'''J


    "a 6 etG1re~1
    J -+ "" Coo j "'Ct"e.~~ cl

    cre-~) _
    1)i"" - 'V\.+ s..
    !-
    'C-) (I)

    1.f TK .:. '·"c.....,. cl It~


    , c1e.,r.~s) ~ th........,. /
    e ff.·
    TN
    Coo
    ·" "" "
    ... "",,~cI

    '\')c+) 'e.
    1H+t
    : T" -Ie. -+ E
    ': !). T", -+ E
    = 'V\+ ~/TH ll)
    T~ -to e T... -+~
    eo.... bi.w>\,5 e,r .(,1), (1.) '-to ~/TH
    ~~)
    '\(oij'=
    1+ E:/TII
    ~ 'V\E+)< "<-f
    Ac.co .. .a..·.."I",. it: ...... \cI ""' --"to b"'"~f>·c.·.1 +0 tlt!e"e .. se E. +1..• .., itl,cre ,f" TN.
    '"-Co ~•••.'."I...., .( l"et".U'''J ~"."""., *fft·e..,·CMf')' .:s ,.~d...c.."'J "Tc: #u./o..... .,,, 00F
    CD +"'e. tt'\v'r.t'\ ....... t ;s ".... pl""e.f.'e..1 J howtt"'~"'... .(.... """,,,,,-,,,,,") T.. be/oWi -lite.
    t>.. .. -Ie""p.,.414krc. wo ...ccl re.,." ..c "" r"f"'·,e,...-Io~ t"-t- wo,,'" h""e ~ ~
    Io,·e"t
    tllt'''''~cI Cu.,..tt: -to oPCt'.. +~. A>,.. ,""Co'_r«- /., ~It.~,..., t.ff.·.... ·."'c)' "!2 '·"e ....... ,·"',
    ~ is "·"",·.ccl a.:J I'M prop.""'·~1 o.f. +lte ""'-"Ie,.,'.. " vs4tcl -h> f-,.""'ca.lc.
    +k... 'I~ s:4c"" "'''derr'''''s +'- t'1 cl~.

    I, . A d'cClc.lcc,·Ol\ of +lte "l1flut"te. of +"'-4.. ~c-p .. r.-i...ru .of J1.-ea.'1'


    o.{ci;""o,", A .. cl "h.t '.i~e'ho", 0" +~ 't," ... _./ AI ff.·c:,.,'.lltt .; p..... c+t·CA.1
    power et,e/es ,'e pro"tcl~d ~ Sec:, 8.2.3.

    5-11-
    'Pl.OBL€ M 5. 11-

    KNOWN: TWo r",... ,,·b'c. C')'~I~.s o..t'«. O"'Y",. ... "\,~ d ;"\ ~e"',·.s. O"'c. C',~I~
    P0\,Auu"
    rc.joed ~ ""\.""",Y· ":s h....+ ""sf&\" ~ 0.. t'u.,.V'oi.. -to T CAl h,·Ie. ...... e,
    o+h.,. c:., elf r~wvu ~"'.""y .,~ ftU.t +r...... toft... ~o_ i'''''~ r~sc.r"V'o,·r.t T.
    fiND: n .. h.r_.·... ,. W".'" Ca) .....t. .... + ~ ....lC ef. 1'''«.. +1.0.10 C:yC:I4''' ,' • • 1010/,) (b)
    +"'-.. ..."".,._.. \ e. fofs'Cll·..",c..'es 0.. .. I! «'11)0 I.

    ASSUMPT/DN: Tlootc. .. .,l.e.",,$' skew", '''' 'tk4. ...c.co""p."~'·", ~·'''r~ vt'lder.,o


    r.~rt,,,,c pot.A.le,. ~yel • .s b."w~.", of.... "'''''' ... ' reJe v:Yo,·('S.

    ANAL. YSIS :

    (WC'Idt.), =
    (We.'lc.f~)\. :.
    :t ........ c.c.o,..l \AI ,+ .... +'- o.bo~C o.ss" ....p-h·o ...J 15',. s· C. ~iv.S

    ~ =,!. J ~:~
    GI4 Ttl 02 T

    ~ ..~~"'J i .... v.-.,.I< _.,retS ,'OlOtS .1", ...1 et...... t.I,._,''''... ..,.''''~ G)K 4"d Gc w.·th t44.
    o..\oOYof' tl"'~U'·OIIl$

    T = ~ ..... r. :. .
    "2-

    (b) e:,u"'l th.... "".. , ef6·(.,·.'My (ASe. rot Accord w,'r" tl,e. .... bo"C ASSl.Ilttpf!'e'!l

    Ell' ,·e Af'pl,'~s) ~iV"t'l!

    I - T'e-
    T
    ., .... , 4lMd
    T
    To:. {Teo TH 4III!4!lr-------------~

    5-l8'
    P~8LEM 5·18

    teNOWN: ~Y&"""""l \I",II.~jo "."."'tlD'~ P.""'«~I "'~f.rI·''''''.''''·C)fI)·.'''tI I\f'.t pUWtp


    Cyc.tu """ "'-Ole OP4.~.tr~ o.. fc,.o.~« II i...... c ... "",e. +1Nb 'tkl.r_.1 "'f'S~I"VCI""S.

    ~: O"i.,"", .~pr~SS ;o",s fo.-""","" c..~H"·e.-·~,,,·h ooJ. pttr1er-._lfltf! of +kc


    rcfY'i~u''''~'Ot1 .MeI. h~.+ p\lIMp c)'d~z ....; ofer...,S 04 'Y}.... ,,''t''c.+h~ ...' "-
    0.\ tff'c.<tll\ey •.;. +hc.. power cycle.
    t
    SCHEMA"tC. £ <ill/EN DATA:
    I
    (Qtt T",

    4-111--- ~yc:~

    ASSUMP'T,oN: Th~ ~'1,-\e"",\ s. ho~t1 j"t +a,«, &Cc.o"""p.""'3t·""~ .f.,·,vr~ "01d~"'jO


    rc.verc"'o.lc. cycles.

    At-)A.\...'(SI\: ,%"" &('c...d e.ua/.\ -tit e ,100"" Q.uu"""ph·()MJ e'i~' 5'.8" S.ct, CllMd !i./O
    o.t'C, .ppl l·e. .....'~· FOr t"k~ po"""."" cycle.

    Tc./7U
    1- Tc/1il

    -L..
    1- Tc/TH

    , - (1-'1......)
    , r__ ~
    :s - 11------------------........;,
    .......
    "'~

    5-1'1
    kNOWN: Op«rAii"'j dClfo.. Q.re, p"o~"'cl.ccl fo,.. Q" tyahtot u",d."'Jo""" 0... pow er:
    cycle w"'-:Ie r.te,'v,'"" Clto\cl d,'s C.~""'3'·'" e~,.,>, . , "'~at: il'"A"r."....
    ""it'" fwo i~e,._.. ' r~s.,."o,.,.r at Sp~t.l1r~J "'c"""pera-lLut>~.
    F/~b: hJ\'" e..c.~ of -Mree. s~fs of cI ...,., clc+e,.""",'"~ if o..... y p,.,·/f\c,·pl.s 01
    of ker_ CS'J ............. ·c, Q,f'e v,·01 .. 1tt/.

    ,
    SCH~MA -rIC t' ~ I , .,&N 'bAT,.:
    G)"
    e..,c,.,y "../a"te:
    ""cvcle ~ G",· ~c.
    'b. fo";I\'oO\ ~
    ,,:. 'Neo.,cle
    (ij14

    AC;SUMP""ON: T"'ot ,"( s.f.rlot\ ,k......., ,'.., 'Hu, ACCO_I-.":)'·", ~·'l.4"e U..,d.,."M,f
    pow"V" eyc re .
    to to.) ",,",y SI ~ :
    C.. )cQH :IOO~J' I \fJeYdC-o:=. 'iOO",,::::J' »~c..:300 "-~. T~~ "oJ,...".,,, ~oh'~'fo
    ~ e",."~", \oA\AI/\Ce') o."cl t~
    ~ -::. 'N~~c.:. 400 ~;7 I:L. O,S7l (5'7,1 %)
    100 1:0'3
    l"-. _~i_~""" +L..e .. _M .. f.n.e",.• ""cy ~ 0."'1 pot"U4t'" c1c:tc.. ","'~4t,. ~ oriw..~cI
    c.o",coM tio..,s ~ ?)'.~ <'1 e t. s.e
    Y\t-fft't ~ l- Tc. :. 1- ~:~ ':.O,~'1S ((P~.s%)
    Itt 6

    ""l"'k.-, tI-4 sec.o"tt.lc....,.. ~ ...,"0 .s .. t-\, ~•• ~, n....u ........ App-..-..b \/,'ola h'o"
    rt +t-.e. -M ,.. t: o.......t ~ e:.u"" d I &. loU r.

    tb) G?ti:. ("L(OI<'lJ \l-3c'1de: 'iOO~.:JJ ~c.:'2'tO~.J'. ~ ~ "&"'h~fr~


    ~~ rta k..J • ....e..t, Q,)\ ~ ~'lIot

    ' \ :: "tOO t:::I : 0, CD 2. S" (~~,S' 10)


    ~~O I:-~
    As 'Y\ ~ Y\#JI.4.,r, +t......& pou-er c't~ ",",u It ~ ~ . ~..; ..-.0

    -pp~ Vlol"h· .... C t'1--c. -f;,d" ~ s.a~cI ~1.

    (c) ~'"' = ~40 t::~ W ~.,cL.& :: l.(00 ll:."'JJ ~c. ':. "too I:..::T. u,,'+L... ~ v~

    ~~~ ~ ~c. +"- ~.k-0' . cr'~


    W""c.L.:. CD~ - ($:)<:.,= (040 -'2..00 :.4.(40 te.T
    W~CA- c:lr-A.o...,qt c..~ wj~ ~ lr·v-c..- v~, Ac~,.ei.·~1 f'C-c-
    c.e~~e,..v .. ""eM. 1 ~"~ p(\'lII.~pl~ ~ "'-01" ,s"lt'i1 f.'~J. T~e ~ .....0

    ,,~.cl ~ <.b~ \:dc.,.- +"- ,.eG0\d ...lae.u v",,-<L.r- fUc.~ c...·('cvloMl1'iIIl"'c ~.r.

    5-:U>
    PR06L.E tv\ 5 .....J-'-'
    7\*
    I<NOWN: Op.... +i"''' dtato. .. re pro",ded -1-0 .... 0.. s.,S+f'''' Vt'ld."'Jo,·",.1 Q. P(JlIJ~'"
    C., Co \a. wk.o·\« t'(l~e(".·"'j 01'\ d Cl'H "" ...."."') e"~I"Jy .,/ I1t.4- ft--.... ~c,.,.
    e.u'+'" -+I.Me> +k« ..._ .. , res« ... GIl: ..,.,,·z
    sl'.ee.'fi~d .,e .... p~ .... -Ikrl's:
    e.c.~ J.tAI "f.hl"",,'·"'~ i'; T"'~
    FIND: For
    t'C\/,U'fl
    ,
    It,. of fou.ro u+s
    I ,rorf. vcn, "'Ie
    of
    .J 0'" ,. .... forl,."/~,
    C'yell' ,'s

    SCHe",,"'Cc. ~ § IVEN bAT.q:

    £"'• .., '1 ~"~II('e.:

    WCYC'f.: Q,,- «lc:

    A~SUMPT'O~ ~ The sy ... c_ Sk.olAotl"\ jW'\ of""&. ctcCOlftpan,J•.e" ~"u,,~ "."le""o4.$ a..
    p.~.'" cyc:.'", ,
    ANA\.'C'~'S :

    (Q.) (Qij:iootHC4) 'Ncyde =liRO ~~.


    p0...,.r C.'tcl~ ",~de,.. +4- sfAicd

    "Y\"""'--' ::. l -

    WC'tc\c. :: 4<JO 8-kJ.. -=O.~O ((o() '0)


    (3:l~ Clo 0 6t-v..
    Y\ NAito , -t""-':.c c,SICle. I'S • rreve ,..~, ble, -~4-------

    <b) Q",~ g003w.J t:¥c..: 200(l~. Tn -k.,.\, ~&el it';" c."",~iM~.vt ;-0 v.o-t.~
    ~ ~ ~'~.lI\t7 ~ ~ rfollo""h\'\~ totM
    'V\ -:: I - a c:. ::. I _ ~ -:. 0.1 $' ("7 S 70)
    f \ «2..- gOO
    ~ t.)

    (c) W C'tc(l' = ~oo SftA, ~ c:. : .~oo \34-", •


    ~ ~,W\C' 'b lIS ,lie", ~ \»I\K""es
    \t-Jc'Idt

    ~C'Ic:a..~ Qe:-

    5'-2.1
    KNOWN: Oper,,"',", dA+o- o.re.. proY,'ded To.,.. A. $yl+~'" vlI\d."30""'~ 0.-
    re..lr,·,e..~.h·ot'\ cyclE. whne. reeeN.·~ a....et cJ,'sc".. ~ ,,~ U'f'J:1 0&;1 ht-t
    +r4I1\f-ter w,'fh. +~O +'-'er"",,,J rf!..le,..vo,f':t At' spee,'j.'.J +e""'p.~7fu.,.,,,,
    ~; For ~AClo\ 0+ f-u.r se+c of do.t A. de.. ..........."'e.. ,''; +"'c. ('tcle. ,'s
    i"
    r«.ve l"f \4!) 1 r,.~" e ,.S I' If le J or ; rtI\ peSJ" "'e..
    S9feMA'TIC .
    i§I~6N l>A7~t:
    T"=~lO l< (1)10(
    .

    ...-P-----Weyc!e

    ASSUMPTION: T,,« S'tS+~"" S,,"OIM... I ... -t"e Qcco-to""~""'j f,',urt. VlI\d.,.,o.s


    0... re.p..·ser."'·o"" eye te ,

    ANAI-YSIS:

    ~c.:(~OO ",'J'I WCl'cle=fS'O "J'. Tk.t c:.oc.ff,·c..:~......tb p~...fo,..-",c.a ~

    I~OO lC'-:r
    :: lO.O
    lSO C'l
    cA~·c...'t'"",i of p erfo r-"'c.c.. ""cI..,.. +~ 4+o.~ c:l <:-o....ek.J,· 0"'-S
    £0' s. Cl
    (31'41llC, ::.

    It.( 00 tJ_
    .\ - 1.0
    Cl tDOO - 'Ii OOJ Ic:J
    cycle is revea: bi 'i;~. - •. . . . . . - . - - - - - - - - - te)

    (Co) ~r\..:.lv>OO lC;.J} Wc,c.le.-=400 II:J', l.u;~ ~ 4t,"'fl7'1 fo .....l4.lA~J~


    ~c4...,.. '\ p-ct'-fw~ e..-'" 'M t" a'lit "'" ~
    . r:\
    ~H
    \l'l
    -vveyc. (. -
    ()tDoO-400) _? 0
    -: - \.i 0 0 - ~.
    P> Wcyc1e

    A3 ~ <p,..,~'WC, f't..4....& c7 c t e c.;, i rr~v. C"$; blc.. ~ 'e)

    eel ) @:: 5'. m ~ <j6-A.~~ -+1-' f etC Ie it jrye 11t'",·IoJe. •~ Cd)

    5-22..
    i=-NOWN: A t"4eVU.flblc. poI.Ver c7Cle. rece.IIIH"J Giii ft-o"""'" ..... ~1- ('~.s-i'rvolr
    ."'ve.r 0... f. tv,se r &. h~' c.yCIe. ~ A.Q"'-'DV-eJ' U1c. ~_ A. c.lcl ('E"J~ t"VD,'r.

    EIAJl): D~~" At" e-.cr--~UW\ 1- Qc.IG~ ~ ~ ..._~ 6 f Tt'r/70) Tc.lTo, P/o1:


    GC./alK 'Ittr'S1I..S '~/7D o."'lI\cl Tc.l7o J c~(~ -f- ..-.p«,c..r·~d VoLl.lfOt ~ If
    o of a... r ~ ..-p~ n...tf' Ot-n'"',
    SCtUi"",,-rIC .; c.'VEN :bATA:

    ASS'UMPT,OIVS', e'l Eock 01 t,,~ S''1SI~,,"1 ~ho&.lot... ;11\ oflllC o..CCO"'p4":J f,"lArc.
    re.'1ers,'lcJle c'1c1es, c.z.) The o."tMo\oSpk~"e ployS +k~ role .f 0.. +ket'*& I
    lA",d~--~o
    te'~\" vo,'\""

    WC'1<:le:. Qw - (;;)0
    A", e"".""~ ~ ... lo",u. to,. +ke. r~ fv,',."... h'UM, c"t cle 5;'I~J

    Wc."c.1e ': <SJ: - Qc.


    CoW\b'l'\t"'~ +kc.lQ..tt. -4",,0 ~""",eul'o"'S

    G .. - Qo :' Go - G)c. (I)

    As. o.f tke.. :Sys"4!W\,f vl'\der,o rl!II4!t's.&.lle.. c'1cles be+wecVl


    0.,
    4!QC-'"

    T"'e. fW\o.' res ~ ,. v» U'· S lEt), 5", ~ I'S P "'c.-Itt Co for eac", Tko. t ,'s

    Ci)o _
    Q; - Tf4. -
    To (2)

    -- Tc
    '0

    QH l ,- ~ J = 0)(. [ ~~ - I J
    So \", "" ~ ~c:./~",

    (1- ~J
    [rrc.-,]
    ~
    f/+ '0 - 'c.. J
    l~-::
    IT~/To)ll-1]
    (TttITo) (I - %J
    wlw", Ttt}70 ~ l.) 'c./1O ~ . '1 J 61 c/ cD ri :04.5,

    5-2.]
    (b) 11 off. '.

    1:> ~ $ '\)~:t \.CJ~ ~


    VJ"e~ ie-ITo '-s sp~1;ee.t)
    14t"'3tv vlll\,(.c.~ eJf -+W Y'~
    Gel Ci>... COfT.f~ +0
    kl~eY"" VtllMe, ~ TV/To.
    1\A:t i..s J Qc. 't AS Tw t
    irk "-0
    -o
    o
    c
    ~"" Tc t1'o 'loS t\JcetL,

    2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4


    Th/To
    -B- =0.95
    Tc I To
    --fr- =0.9
    r, I To
    -B- Tc I To =0.85

    14 J>lrG\4551~ ~

    12 W\"W\. 'lt/To tf .sfec,;~,·aJ,


    \A~U' "~" O~ i'W ~Q)
    10 ~cl G" C-tN'('~f~ +0
    \l'-~Lt' 'lA.lA,;..u ~ T~/To I

    - w"'\.~ \.S \1 ~;+~ lo~ ~


    .c
    0 8

    0
    c vCLlue &\ lA.~i~.
    ~'"" ~
    6
    ~ ... I6 a.oT!
    T. -"I .0
    4 ~ -r.. . /"'to l' .(:\ke4..
    2 Pr.JO V\.O~ ~ .f.«" ~~.
    \JoJ,.u..e ~ ~ ~'"(.() QcJQIo4-
    0 e.~.",,-,,~ ~ 5 - ~
    0.85 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.95 f~eJ"~~TM
    r.zr, \~~""eS AS Tc. ticc,eufal,
    .~ Th/To=4
    --fr- Th ITo =3
    --B--- Th I To =2
    PfoSL.€M S",2.3
    t:.NOI.AJ/<J: A ('t:vrrtlIo1e,. POIiV~t" cyc.L4Z ((?C~''''~'' ~t\ ~-..~ ~i- reS'4U'l/'C,'(" c.::t
    ltf d.,.i"..s A.. ~ pv.-., ~ ~'.sc.~r-o <Q~ oft) .... 1\AJ-er-V"'O,'r-r 7H,/
    I
    F lUI): "D~ ..~LOf A", ~r--~I/UI-'>. f-- ~\'\ /tSh\ &...:. -l.,.-.r 0-/ Th, Tc:.; TH') Tc I
    (l""..l ck:fC,.. .......... "'C, +""-' rc (A.-h'~' a._"",S -t-r- ~ """'" tH rA +".U~l ~ +"-- /t.A ".~ -to
    r
    elC(" ..e~ V~f'1' I.f r;.,'=. TC =- TQ,) (,10+ (S;;/';&H v e s a« 7t+/To Il"'cl Tc.'I'TZl) e~h-fo,...
    5"( 'c~" \lAlu,s .t ~'- o+il\ar -k ......., .. ,.4l,-h...ft' ~-h'o-

    ,
    SC.I-\t.M"TIC';' fO'VE~ DAT,t\:

    T~

    ASSUMPTioN: Eo.c."" of ;"'~ 'Iys"'~""s .shoUl't ,'., ihe Q.t:C.O""'fIl1"'';J''''J f,'sure. v~cler'­
    tjo r~lIe .. r,·ble c'tcdes.
    "''''''''..'if/S "fJ.)Ar\ ~",ew-~'j 1o ...lo."re c", "ke.. rowe r" c.y cle Cjiv'l'j

    W e'tt. \ e.:: Ci) " - (i) c.

    Ar\ e.",e.~7 10 .. 141'\( to to... -f"ke. "'4!6-+ )'V_" (,'\ (.I~ '3 i Iff'S
    \Ne.'tc.le:. (S;)~ - GJ~

    As eo-c&' 0f+"'"c s'tste~~ u~de"'30 reverr, ole cyc/f>S be+cunVl .,1t~"'Nltll


    t"C~U-lIo,rs/ El"-" ,'s "'-ppl,'c,.IIie -fo... ~4C", 'Tl-tAf,'s

    tz)

    ~H ll- ~] : ~.t [ l- Tc' ]


    W
    So\... t"'~ 40..- ~/~ti ~Ji.
    ~~
    (1- ~] lit' t TH~ 1C J
    : :: --ca ~"
    (i)H [ 1- ~'
    T;;, J Tit (Ttt"-'lC']

    .li.... <: T.., ...


    .-:1 &----------:..------
    Tc.' T",'
    (, ') :r.(- TH 1 ~ Tc. :. To)
    ~",'
    a2t\ -
    - lil"Th
    ,,,,"
    -L'Q
    1(;- Tc I
    ~-
    (SM--
    PR06le.M 5.'2.3 (Ctm+d.)

    16

    14
    WMU1 Te'/T. is' +".'r.ed +i.e
    • #

    12 r.11D GH'/a", l"'cr~4S.S 4S


    7;,/;0 ,~c.r~. TIvd',s/
    ~'t
    10
    ItS Ut f
    -
    :x:
    0 ~tt TD
    8
    0
    :x: ~ Te'/To is .£\"tce.tl...
    6

    0
    2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4

    -B- =
    ire'l To 0.95
    -A- ref =
    ITo 0.9
    -S- r,' I To =0.85

    16 , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    14
    WhtA.\Ttf- IT'D ;, A~ tUl) -Ik
    12 ~() Q.,'/a". 1~c.r.ueS (U
    Tt/ITo I~Ue4t.S.J wh.uu.
    10 tv / Til is ','M, ;te~ J,~ q.
    o
    :x: v-.tue of Wk.~~ • ~~.1
    -:x: 8 &tI' t ;, ,
    o ~ a.o =Fe ~ 1,0
    6
    W~ Tw/To is +Vce.el...
    4
    ~O.l ~~ ~.fc>r A
    2
    ~e~ vAlue of ~
    O-+--.----r---r--;--r--r--r-----,r--.,-~ rn:4-to Q..I/ OJ ~ - e'3', e,
    0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 ~o~ S.o-~
    r,
    I
    ITo \~~eJv~.'" T~
    L~C1\a.Q.~e.s e:t.,s Tc. d~$.
    -B-TH/To=4
    -fr-TH/To=3
    --B-TH/To=2

    S-2.~
    It'NQWN: Oper-.""....., e.o""04·~oV1.1:.- sp*,c".r.'.cI. f-- ... S-'1.s~ ........ ~'.rn'"" 01
    fow~" cyCJe cL .. avill\j
    0.. ~ &....a...C pv~ o.,e. .s:L.. w.., a- ~ lcke .... ~'"~.
    FOJU: Ob.;", a", eNpf'PU"t1V'\ f- il1C, t11A)C''';''',..., tkflOt'P-n'c...t v~c.. o-f
    .f~ i\ai\'o CcQ., 'T~.JJcil( i ..... -",-.1' o.f Tl/-ru Clo,... cL I;/Toj, 'PloT TN A4Ho (Q,·t(i12.)/ai.r
    ver~I.CS erdTd) fo". Sp~CA.~·ed v .. lu.~.1 0{ To/Td..
    ~ Hi'"",,,.n C -2 Gi lit"'" "j)I"'rTA-:

    . I
    I
    I
    Air
    j Q. Heat pump :
    ----.

    t T.
    I Power cycle

    1_~~:s~~;--(1;-- -~-\
    :

    Fuel ) ~tdoors at To. \

    ASSuMPTiONS: " Tk, S''1S-\f>- ~~IN'" i "', -t':-


    a e ~ ...... ,.;b 'c.. t s A. i- ~ ~d'7 .st-::U..,
    Z, Th.a ~,.""'U ..... +"'--o",~n'c:-c.. VA("C.~ ~ (~,,"(Sh ..) /Gh .,.' ACk.c'.. ved ~~
    e:z.h~e..t ~ :01~~ ir'~tI.,,... b,'l; h'eS,
    o • ,:/0
    """PsL.'r~IS :e"..)AO\ .rr.e.~y r ...l-e bAl4iI\.... ce
    , .
    f.v -ti- 1'1~-k""" ~CH-Iv d.J1ft ':.
    • f , t
    (JJ;;:V ) or:
    0':... QoS -t:' a2 D - <Q, -(!2 'I- .., <lo -= Q \ ~ ~ '1. - CQ.r

    W 1~ ",u"""p'h'W\ 1.J E " 'i'. ~ C-A.I'\. ~ lto\ vot::eJ loUo',1 'ok..

    PO"'"U cyele:
    .
    QI - (Q,S
    .
    -u. - ~

    To Q = -n Cl2s -+ Q1. - &S =') [ \ -\] ~ '1.. ~ t::-S -\J &s


    1i 2. T,

    Co 2 -- ~l"d-'T'J
    ,.~ "'Ib -,.
    JQ~
    + JL LTd-I.£.. J~.s
    ::
    Isl'
    on Qs on 7Q-7tC - B..l L + f'"!cl - T~ ]Il
    ~.s T~ llo-rcl U
    = ~( Te;, -'G ]
    T.1 L it; -Tel
    , r~JTcI) _(TO/'Q]]
    :: (T;jT}.) \. l - (To/Tel)

    T,/Td': '2. , To/"U::; O.~ J (~I+aa7.l/~S.:" 3·8~


    ~ l-q -=. ~ J 74/T,J.":. o, '1 J (& I .... &-y/ ai, = ~.)
    -rs/7u ::. 1. / 7o/'T,J. -= 0, 'f r J (~, ~all.) /62 s."; 10'~

    5-').:?
    (b) PLOT 16

    14

    12
    fil
    '0 10
    <;
    ........
    N
    ·0 8
    +
    ~

    'Q. 6

    0
    2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
    Ts/Td
    ~ =
    To/Td 0.95
    ~ To/Td=0.9
    .,....a-.. To/Td=0.85

    I· T""- P'e'~e'"Cf' of irr~\J.eN;bi/,·-h'e.s c..o,'+W"'I. ~ S")'S~"""'&.4 f2N..P'c~~


    10 ~AC~ 0... pel'\Alry_ rf. -ft..uo sy.s-foQ""'J' cperA-h'"" a-o SkoCQ"'I. ~+'-A­
    ~aN\..i\·C -e.~c'" AQC~v-<. ~.s ~~ .... ~e.l > ~",-l O"'~ J)'s-f.#1M. ~
    ~+a.--.......t ,rnv~n,";I, j,'''o ~ ~ D+~ <}-o.QS', ~t ) d- c.Q t-.. tttcuru Cui-f'...
    ~"i-vi -h """ +'-* -rliv du 'J'A.blC D~ Cc~: (Q ,.~. <32'Z,.) u,.,o ~ ~ 'V&-~
    , "'" .f1- ,cU.~ C.t1..K ~"'" ~ ~ a.clv -..(~. u.r"~1 c.o",( -t.f't1 iY-~ +W-
    ~.£4'~+ C~W). or ~"""" c.~s. 6 ;(1\ J r
    C~~ le-<-de ~thl'l.:td ~ ~li?-.
    *
    1u/I~,1 -f!4...'.4 ~c{vJ, ~
    preo5LE.M 5. 2.~
    f(I'-JOWN: A ~'1s+eMo\ ViI'\c:le"'"oe.s _ rellersible.. <r ere l.V~i Ie, rece ;VI'iI'\~ ~ ""d
    ~',c:.L-.'1"~ ~ke....,y bl "'-cd ~",sf&.,.- w,·+..... ~A"'cl (DId. ~S-er"-O;N,
    F(~T;): 1).e·h.~_·~e.. +'-'.. 4-k c r t--l etf,'c"lClI'\c;>" 0.."" +"'~ ~t.+ c...Jur-1c c:::J.ev~(opof'd.
    ~C."'~M~"tIC. -t
    I
    C;IV&~ b"7"'\t

    Q",: 500 B+_


    T~: ~11.0oR ( l CDtDO 0 ~)
    Tc..: S10 ~R. \ ioO~)

    &e
    ASSOIW\\)Tc°f"S', (I) ' \ ' - tys-k~ is sL..ow.lO\ 0'" -t1-. Q.CC-G.-r''''''''a'~ ~,"'re. c~)
    ""t\..L ~ 'f t -4c "- U~cU-".-ao~s - rellue,J.lc Cycle. ..-k,,;\-e CC> _ _ v,......c..h·l'I.j 1"k~"'-'7
    """'+~ ~ "'-0+ o.~ ~\cl ~e~~\'"\loi,.s o""y.
    At-J'" \..'1" ~t'~: W.~'" c.."'''-ph'"",1 j 6,. ~.<o .. , "I'pl.·~ ... hlc., ~I/i~

    ( Gt e \ 510°1<. ~ (~S13~
    SOC~ )rev ::. J l~O oR. --"7 Q c, ==
    cycle
    f1:,,.... ~ +""~~tld""""'--'c.. cycle.) +'- ",c+ ~o,.*=. d .. v~p-c.c:l "-"tu""l.t
    kt...... ~<.+ ~"'* ""ci q[ ~ d :

    \N ''1c1.A:' C< ~ - at e,
    ~ 500 - l2. CS =~l~ t3{. v... ...-ca:--------Wcydc
    &r (».'i\'1 pot.»~ c'1~ ~ ~ ......- . l ....f.h·c:,.;~"'cr c.O

    Q) 'i\ ': WC'td~ ': ?>lS :. o,rr (7~) . . . 1----1')


    .
    ~ Q~ SoO
    1. AL+-.r........ ~·v-c..t., 1 ().&-t'fo- roVJ.e."r c.'1<'{~ .;. ("'i,ye.tJ,·J:,Ie, ~
    1'he,,~ <l.6~·c;-trl\.C7 C4-..... .... CLAl <:.AA..l 0. .J.t.1 uSi""5 61>,~' 8 :

    'Y\ ~ l- ~ ~ l - s~o ~ 0, ~ (TSrc,)


    Th 2,l1..0
    S +e...cl~ ~+"'i e, pe,..,. -h" II\,j c::lQ. i-G- pro "'d.a.d -fo r-
    f,
    l'N OWN: 0 Clfc.. 0.-

    i~ "" v~d""'aQ""", lA.. rUINer <yct«: w"'.. .i~ A..e.C4!-f·v,·~ o.~


    d\.rc.~r~"~ e ",er'7 h N!Af +r-o.... d- tft.,.... u.,·t"" - J...f A.~c:l CoLd
    fe~-e.-v-DI·r.....-..*
    r
    -4-t- .e,..,lu r<.r l ", ...d '2.80 t:) A..A4,..c.f;Vt'y
    p,""'o ~ 'D4.~""'""","",,,,(. ~ ""'-"""'..... "" ........ +<-'Clr<h'e.-t VQ,l'-4.~ ~ 7, ~ be:.
    I
    SCHE MATI~ l: tilVEN PATA:
    , .
    'Wcyele = 4 Ok '"
    Ge:: 1000 kJ/ltM.t·'"

    cQr..
    ASSUl"\PT'o NS: (I) The. 'S'f .. t~..., ,'s ~ho ....P'l on ~k~ o.ceo ..... f ... ~ "11\3 J.a·5CU"~ .£2) The.
    s'fskW\ uP'ldet'"30es jL :pow--'" tlfcde • n ) The. Ii......... prov,'ded ,'s ..for oper,,""Ol1
    0. t ~+u.&, 8fo.te..

    ANA1-'t'SI~: AII\ e.r\cV'9'1 ,.."tc.. ~"\CJo."ce ~;"U

    <D
    • I

    :. Wqd~ '+ Ge-


    e 40 ",'II ( I k'J'Is) -to
    I leW
    = 56.' 7 II.:1ls
    \N..e.. " ... u.r +''-* Y\ ~ 'Y\-...~ ) +h.--* ~
    .
    "'Y)=- Wcyelt.
    • ~ 1- Te.
    CQ,,,, T
    ']; 0\ ut'",w ""~ V .. h,.....t

    40 K;J/j '2-iO~

    5~.t.7g/~
    <. l-
    -T
    2.80
    T
    <.
    --
    ~o
    Sc..47
    '::: O. ~ Cf 4

    ~
    1 S'1.K
    '- ... ."
    ~ T .. T ....,....

    ''''''''
    .1... ~ -t -..d r .s~ te.., +t-.... c't e.t c. Ult.r,» 4-,) ",114"1.'-< 0. ~ cl +i.-L v~
    A;'
    ~'c4~~'r c:....-. '=a....&. ~ya.-- u cd ....: ~.-.-.s: • f2 ("('J>. ~~1 :
    , '
    Wc"{c.le:. ~.., - ~ c.
    ,
    Wcycle.
    I<NoWN: Sy.sh"",,s u"Hler '0 re.ve~~"''1/e pOW~"" C:yd,s wl1.,"c. ,..e('~'V,'~ a"d
    dl'tCka.~~i"'j e",e"'3~ wi"'~ +kerMA' rese» VfJl·"S. Th~ +ke~"",,~,
    ef~·c..·e~,.y ,'~ +f1e. 3A"""c.. hot; Ahd Cold. £0 . . l"eserIlO,·,.S oC IfJ()O
    ll"'cl 5'00 K; t'erp'u:f,'v,,'~ J AS fot'" /tilt AO'\d eo/do (ftHI"Vo"rr At T.", IOD()' /(,.

    F/NT;)~ 'De."ey_,·",,~ +..,,~ +~-pe"'A~"~ 7':'


    ,
    SCKe!ll\I\TIC ~ G'VeN 'DATA:

    1000 K T

    soo K 1000 "

    AS.'SU!II\P710N·': The "'y<sie"", s 'S ~ """' ,'", t-hc. QCc o_I'."'~ ,'..,,, .f;, .... rc.. ul'\dtr,0
    re...,e...S1' ble poc.ue.r eyc/.. r hlUl""', +11..L lllA""'e +l1ell"_.' e.fA·c..·clltt!y.

    ANAL.YS/S 4" o.C:tor~ "",.+11 +he .. hove o..sru""p""·olf1) E,. 5'·8 ,'s o.ppl,·c.. /,k/
    ~ i ...i .... ~

    Y'\.:: I - ~
    1000
    Yl",: 1- 1000
    -r
    T
    ~
    1000
    ': 7 ='2.000 K. ...
    --..aa---------

    PROBLEM S.2~

    KNOWN: A
    .
    sys"e"", v"'~."'30~s 0.. "'ve".'ble. po",." l:'1d~ wloose -+"«11'__ I « ~f..·c.·e.u)' Is
    $"0-/. """"'.e 'etei"i~ A"~ eUIC&"'W-"t'\J f..",~r1)' b~ he." ~h'l-,. ~t+'" tc 1~~"ol't'S • t:
    +c ... p.,...... 'Cj l~oO K (lSl'1"C)l ClI"e! T) r~rpC'I:.,,'''.. t:J'
    fiND: 'D..ie.l".·..·.. ~-r:
    I
    SC'HE M""'C. ~ <i IVS N lMT,q :

    7;,= 1800K.

    Tc : T
    ASS U M P TIO N·. TN. sy. +~"" & h.u.o" 0'" t Ite a.~COINlI'."~ ;"', ,f.', "fe u"d.~'."t 0.. ~~."fI·"/e
    power cycle...

    ANAL..,.~IS: 1""" A4'l:ord ""it'" .. ,,~ a.loove ClU"""ptfo",}


    T
    E,.s., "S ApP"'t... Io/~} ~i"i~

    oS =I - 1800

    T
    T c <foo K. ....44------------------

    S-3/
    tlVowN: A .r'1.s:~O¥\ v",uerUO~.r C''1c.Ic. wk..L. f"E"C'e.l"""'j cuuL c:L.ucL....rO'·V\j
    Q. EItI\R.,.,'1
    "'a N~ -trAl'\~fov- "'......"" -+~ ~"O.,·l J::N1U+\ Iel44p~rA/tA.(el. 00
    F ..~D~ nor e.,,,,,
    of h.&-o Sp~o.p·.d v...L.u..U 1 +~r-.....t. *'c.4~I1'\~.1 c:ic~-...·-.Il..
    1+ -+"'-4. ~";t"ol op-er4.i·M W -fe.,.~l~.
    5CHEM;'\TtC tf GIVE#..) DitTA;

    (el) ., ': Set> %


    lito) '1=- «.(oQh

    lie...
    t\SSVI"'lP"tiO"-'j T'h.a ,,~, \oe"""'- S \..0"""", ~ ~ s-c'- ~., v~u.rrq power'
    A.

    AI--)",-L.·UI S'· n-~. -"-' t4-i'-.t ~.~'..t"'?" ~ 4-, P(lw-&~ ~ c..A.t


    -t1- s-h-Ucl CO)l\cL\~'~ ~ t""'- ~I €"l' S·8:

    'Y\ ... ~~ ::
    \.......
    l - :R:..
    Ttt
    ~ \ - ~1)00
    $0 :. O. S"£D 2. S (~(P.:t~4)
    c... ) y\::Sfoc:{. S..... ~ +C-'t c..LA-l_c.4 ~\\.4~ -- ~ 1 -t'fo-IL ~, -.-,- ~ i''t ~. ~
    V~ J i-'- C'1c.~ """u~+ b4. ............. ''1 Aa.....J i.- of-C.rAtrn-· A 1~e,.,S'" ~;-
    ttAAa.cl ",""'" l11:£..f1- roe e:.-.c.(...t.-...r/ vt ~ "'KliK":1 -for 0..... cae tv..... p owe,.. c'tck -to
    p~"fot'~ o..-\- 0 Su"",", &.. ~ •
    (}.) '1 :.'«0%. S.~c.e. -k«- ~: ~ cI \I~ ...

    .(c...r~blc .

    !cNOWI'4·. A .y,si...." u"'d.... ,~s 0. pow.'" C'1(.Ic.. 141'-."/«- rete.·....·..., o .. d d.1~CU".·.,


    eto\e...."'a b't ""'..+ +r"l'\' ~ w,l"'. fwo +lae",_...' res« ..."o,.".S. ~.f.e",d'1 sfa+<.
    " poe"'" i\' "'j d '" +Cl\ 4 f'e, Pf'O" .' dul.
    ~~ 1>....4 ........"c..l 'T~ c')'elc cA", Ope"'ClItC. QS c.Io.,,,,,,,d.
    I
    Sc.",ekA-r,c.1 GIVEN J>.\Tt\:
    1it=,..~"" -Q" =100 8~/_'fI1

    N~: (I) . TN s'f&ktoo\ ~"'-..... lO\


    ""$\)III\$>J&O 'tlow o.cco_,....~,·..., fa', Ufe 11fI,4."'~1 0.-
    po""." -,df' ('2.) TIo\c clCl\ ..... p.-o",'det ,', fa,. 0p._ft·O" ClI.~ $+eA4'1-sf."'~.

    ItNAL.YSIS: ~ .·te", ciA+-') i'~ ., k.,,_... , f offt·coo·..", .;,

    '6' ,ft,. ·1'I~h


    ~ hpj\'I2.s+S"tf../1t I O.~~ .fb3.l.'Yo
    ,J
    400 ........ _.
    -160 ...... · =

    'T"'- ""'a'4lh.u..." ...he....... ' «ff."c,,'e.ncy .for 0."'1 powe,. cycle u~de" tk~ sftr.f.. d
    eoO\cf.·~·."'s i ' 'oli ..e", -':3 6,. S.8 I

    Y\"",,~ ~ I _ ~:~::: 0.58- l se 0/.)


    Sl""~-t'-a c..lA."",e~ v~ of- +-""-a.. ~ ~·CA·""'~ c.-i eye. u.. +"'-' Y\"",,,,,c.l
    -\- ' - CoL- ~ c,t;.O\I"\4'\- &e ,,~·cl.

    5-:?2-
    PROBLEM S,31

    i'NouoN I A S'1s+e~ u",derjoes A. pou.Jer <rete: lY~le.. receAv,"',j al-td. C1s:d..... "J'':J
    ~er'7 b he",+ -tnu\s:f<r 1vo"""- o; So .... n:e. a...-t. 1:;'-001<:. """,d 1t> coo/""'..)
    wo\.fer Cl
    u-i; -soOk J rc.rp ..ch'lIe{:y, S·i-e....d::J S+A+e operah'J c1a.+c:A.. «re:
    'p(ov,'d~d .

    P INO': '1)1!~""""''''e. -t~ ~......: ....'""""" V1v ...... Io-e.- ~f ~cl ..S/IM1·.,.
    SC H<i.MJI\ TIC T ~lcI~N 2)'\TA: •
    I
    ~M

    10 I<:.J
    C:YC1<..
    1'1" CYc.lNjmin

    ASS.\.)I\..\~TICN~: (I) T~ ~yst-t>- s~ ...... " . I'''' -tL...L acC<.oIo....." ..... \},·."J ..f;fJ<.lfe. v .... dq"l"j0(>J "....
    \>0 .......- c'1c.le. £2) Th<- d~l~ prov,'d ed tS; f,:,r 0p~""'Q;h'CJVl ....t skAd.., sfo.fe. . l
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    1484. S' II.~


    h

    O. 41 1<. vJ ....1 - - - - -

    .'3,3'3I'W = s.rz,
    O.4\- I r-VJ
    'It Un ~ u"'c:l .... d e d -IlN~ ~ adv~ "-Jl.Jt", ... e~.j ;os ov~(' ~ h~et ~ru.f-eV' -I''''a",fC-t """"....I&fIlM..c
    -t IN<.o~ e \'> '-....e ~ v, V'~ lM-e~.:t '
    o p.e 'f"/J. 'h "'j datA. <'t f: s ie",dI sr-: 1e.. a.re. fro v,ded for A. he.... +
    pv""," r w 0 r: ~ t "'j i) e f1..v .. e 1'\ eA. d wd li"tJ' oJ 70 of a. .... d. t«) Ou::tdOl',-
    1\1(" ;...:t '31 0':; (~,) &J.. pond # 1'001= } (C) t"'-'2 ,y.: vV\d ~ S's of.
    . )
    fl-u ~'",-<..., ... "'-' -t~ •. < h'~ P()(,.LJ12~~ (l?'juII·rd.
    Fvr ~"-Ch c.C<.~'~ d< +tr""'lt'c

    r <;.rr.l;Vld,:"jS
    at Tc:;. /vu,!.6,.:.,,::::~...,w';'-=-~:""-:""-...J

    ASSUMP'TloNS: (I) The sys~"'" s~u;''l ,'n i'-vt. Cycl-e- vV\,c/e'-joe.r 0.. heA.T pUi"(l
    C'1 Cl e . (1.) All d..... f..... ""re f;r oper,p"-ftr",,.. q..t SkA~j S t-ai-e. (3 I T~ su,-rll;';;A.cL·",?J'
    u\II.d dw<lt ..... j p/t''1 f h..1l. toles "f Cbicl «-tAd ~t N,S"",-""iri:'- re,J·p~c.f,lIe/~.

    At-JAL'1'Sj~: A+sk ... d sf... +< I fh~ l-Le",t pll ...... (l Cycle.... lM"st pro v l d e:
    7
    e"'~"~ja -!c. 1~ dl,i.>e"lI''''J eCj<J4/ tL ~ e~J( ie.d;;... ·~ .ft...n,l.<.JI--. -tt-«; w.d/f ttnd
    roof:
    014: {<"s )(.ioS'~) I~:~J '= "J.:T/ '/../0+ 'B~

    'FYu..... ~~c. 5.2. 'Z. > ...... -e, Io<:"-C ~v +"'-,,-'i fhc c.eefF'-' ~ .... T .: f p~rfo""""'An(e .,f
    iN (,,1<... + P"""'t-' ....,""S+ ~ /.eSS· -1-"-4.'" .) 0'- er,.;e.! -c,.J -{k e.,,~·ff7 ""e",'i If
    p<rfvv"~l-\fe. of- a. Jl.ev~rllbl.tL he... " pl;""'p a p e r-a f,'J h-efL,v/?-e .., ('dey- v-o,·r. 0.:::(
    1ft:: 2.Q3 j( o.",d 'C. Tk.A ... '""'If.... 61 ~,IO
    j

    .
    Wc,\cle

    (j. 71i- 4
    10 ~ )12~B~/h
    "7 (10.,,; h.p j[ \- ~DJ
    k : 4-q 1. tlK
    W''1It> ~ (IO."S-~)[\- ~i~)~ 0·7-°7
    Tc =- SbOC~
    WCjUc ~( (0, hs-hp) [ l- ~oJ z: 0, (;, kp
    Ope("'p.fj>'lJ dAtA. Arc (Ol'"ov;cled for 0... J1('~i; PVWlfJ 1"'<1.""t prov.des
    l-t.eA··hV\~ -for o; Io~ .. /d... ~ 0"\0'\. 0.. d~ t....A\.<V\ ike... oc4ft'c1e 'we.
    fe-pert/.
    is: 0 °C ~V\.L1:"'-. Ioui lelA"'j ,·vd.. .,,·or a 10 b-. ~ept -..::t 2.~<::'.
    F I/V'D .' j) e,-\ e rrv--\ V\ e, l f -t k ~~ PI.J~"'""P '-U 0 ~<-Q d ~ u-&tr'c e.. .
    ,
    S'(tt~;\o\ATiC ..; e/116 Ai ]) A7A!

    .
    WC,/c.I~ = \ ....W

    I
    I!::: _

    ASSUMP·TIONS':(~Tt..< sy~tt""'" ~\...c,"""", ,~ 'the.. a, c c..e,,""1"ti. ....Y .. Y\1 fijvrc t.mdf!rJoN


    (i... hec.t pu-'p Cycle. u) Tlte d.p.f~ pre lI.oed a..re ·for Opera. /1·0V1. at; t
    Sf-eNly &'i-Ate. n) T"i-\e ~VrrdlJ""cl.·/o"\JS 4nd dw~Il,'y pl6-Y flte roles of
    CO ld o.v-d h.c-t. rese"'VOlr~) reff<?c'hve 'd"
    At-lAL.Y~·IS: At S+<'''-d S+'l.fe ) "hoc. he.A.t pvw.p cycl-e. "lo1..,,ft pY'ev,de.. eh~rJY
    ~o the... dwell.":j
    7
    llijuAI fa tt-Je. elAe r: j7 /eA.bn,J +......-c""J·Lt -I~ u..JallS' 4~d n>of:
    QH -=- b o/;ec~'J II"
    no."" 'Sec, 5.2. z.,) ..... < J::...<,\ou,,- +t...",t-t t-: e 4ef~'C4-( ... t
    of per{r:.'--MA>1Ce.. of
    +~ k-tA.+ ru"""'p ~",st ~ ks.'s-t~i1.""J orei..Utl-f ""tD..I +h.~ Co~fj-.·<.A·ehr "·f
    perfo""""'-lAce... of t'4. rell.ev~·j bl e tteA + pu ...... p op..erA·-h· ...' I:J.e ho ee r. ....l.".\'ev-vCl'·yS
    t\. t T, -:. 1.1"3 k ) In :. l..ct'3 \(. T"'-e ... I l..u;.~ E1' $0-, to

    '-Ji~ o: l+-.t ~ w ll?) j (7H-)MI\)( = ~qO K. ( fTC' C) ,


    ~ ''1 eu.) "" 'IV -=- I. l'i" w 1 (p fl--.. .e..,. cJ-- tJ-ff'JC..( Ht Ol-J
    j

    ~l;~ w.~ ",-t S'1f'Cf·

    5-SO
    Ope,-.d'''j dt\.fA. A"~ prolli'ded fe,... 1,t'Il.·t. p',_p tt.......:t &-~ .. fzI.''''J'
    A

    o; d\.u~ I''''''j A 1 ~O 0 C. (,../("e", .-1 ~ O'l fs ,·cl~fo.... p« r « J,,,Ue. t...j 0 0 G •

    FtkJ'D! 1).e4~,- ....... ~ 'f~ k ........,........'1"..... .-t~(~ j,' u.-t p~lPe r ~ VII~ d J""'; Irw)l·4~ftJ... e r ..

    WC'ICle.
    S~t'1"'QI""d.i,,'1.s

    ·
    at T,=.:n~k.tO:9_
    Qc
    ,~~~ Dw~II,,,S

    1;1'= 7.C\~
    <d
    l<. (1.0 °C)

    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) T~"z Sys1t" ...... S~Ou.-" ..... +k~ 4C·CO ...... p" ..:Ji"'J .tisve. v .. derJIlC-S 0..

    V\eA.·t pu'-p cycle. ('2.) The d6i..fA. prciI',d(Oc! ~r'(' .;;" 0p e ra "' 011 4lC:t sl-eo.etJ s~ie,
    (3) Th.-t. dWelf'''''j t:lI.""cI &v ...,-OVl'\J...·.....j..f P''l 'fh.e. r'o le s 1J.j hot t:;m:l ~/d
    rer~nfOlrr.l r4!rrecj,'iI'e(~,
    AlVALYSIS: Ai Sk ... d S+~te. +~-e heAt pU'''''p fI\.1vst. p,.-cv,·c{e. e..vtersy 1-0
    1
    t"'e. dw~\\,-~ E'1 0 It l f o -the. e'If:"-:Ji' leli;k-i":!1 .........·t"V.~ the.. wAtl{ AVId roo1~

    ci H =- ~OC)O (TH-TcJ= 3000(1,.q~-~1~] -:loO,OOQ l<."J/~

    froW\ Sec.S.2.Z. J (..u~ \<:-IoUlW -tk..,i. -the. c.o~fJ,·'·"c'.. i Qf p-erfo'-""""I'lte..


    vf -th~ ~ejl.t PVVlAp \",,,,,.,t be J.eU +~Ii"") CI" ~e,.o..,' +0" '-f"'~ Cc-('!p'G;'-fllli c·.p.
    perf>(~\'\ee.. of 0.. re\J~Hlble.. he.t:i pv....p o~r<l.n·-:.J b-t"fw~·erl r",s'-? rvclr~'
    cd. 1H ~ 2q~ "- Ct~ cl "Tc: =: ~1'l K. The ... I LA.> .iL-,. 61' r. '0
    ..

    ['2.C\~ -"2.''1] c W,.v,


    (~O,OOO (~:r)
    -; "2..Cl\~ 1 = '- ~ .. ,- I.

    t.t oq~ ~
    Y\
    '=-
    W c'(c.l~
    Or ,
    III ~ s 1~I.l4.l (w cv el. ) _\'"
    W,,,c.lt. = {40q~~)1
    > Y\
    (kW
    Lk ~ Is 1(,00
    kW~oC--~-

    S-5}
    kNOlPN: Op-erahi'lj d.afo... o..r-e F'r"~"'ded fer- eI.. heG\.-t- PV~p -tk,.;t ai"f-I ....s D...

    d.lN'~lI;"'J At Ie/SelF 0 ..... e<. day r...vt.e""+A.e,, o.~tJ'''de +e p<. r tt. 1u. r e-..
    is' 1.8°1;'
    'De.fu"",,-. +""-t. po~e'- r-e"j v.red) ....,;. /<. WI -#-0 prov ..de. -f11< I-teA'+"vt,j
    bj elec-h-,'L~ ("t>Sls-h\""ce <..1c:~'-'.f'''+S o.. ...d c.~1--4 ,...... ·4il +11e..
    ~ ....... .,.,.v"'" + "'c..ore h'~ fow~r t'e<j (.)jr~ d. 1:1 J 0.. "'-c:..:f P'-''''''' Also
    f~pe"t ·i"..e. c..o""'p",,,.SOVl VS"hJ ·"'jp"(.A.1 t::.4~ffr·c...'f>\t; ,,7-
    ~V'..fv''''''''I':>'lC-t clA..t--e- fvr ~~....:t pvw..pc;.

    1400 [Th - T,,] BJ.,./J,


    t,
    Wc"/de..
    S"v...l"c'"'''''d.. ... 's ....:t Ie.=
    L1LtO<JD
    rvt « I"\.
    {3gl>f)

    , Dwell",.1 A:t JH::5'28 cR,(68°F)


    Q"
    ,-----_.
    ASSUMPTIONS: [I) T~ ')ys'k"""" SkD .... '" I .... +h~ A.CCCH-P""""'J''''.5 ~ ur-e" \mde'-Je>e.s -h
    o; ke.\;t pv"""p '"yete, (7.) The da.fA.. prov,ded M"C ft. r- "p-erlAi!o.... a.1- 'S +e ... tf Y.
    oS t-~ +t? . t ~) Th < J v..> e.t I j "'"j e, .. d <S ","rtJ\,,'Vl cIA ' ' oJ s p I.y -/I...." ro l e r I> f lAo t:
    tikd ~Id. rti's-EvvOVS, r-espec-h'v-e!O'

    AI4JAL'rs·/S.' A'f stelld y &'+o\..i~.1 the. e.1~(,.tr........... re s • .sh-,,,,cc.. e, /e""e.dl' ,)


    he .....t- pv''''p ) ""'",.s't. prov,de.. VH! ..... 57 +o...,~ dl.J.;{,/{,"'.j fl.1vI" ( t., -/Io.e..
    le"":"''''j +"-ro...s': t~ """" II.f A'" q roof ~

    QH ~ 14 Do [ TH - fC ] ~ 1400 (S2..B-tCf8]=4~OOl>eIuIll,.
    -= (JI-'l.Jo.o 1Hv-/" J, 12~.J;t~/S11 == I G,.5 ¥
    Acu.•-.L.·~'jl'1 If£<<= re i';S tot'S weLt I cl b...z. pye.-. d .. <1 i..l'.+-r.... elect..... ' c....t power- -= IlI.S"f>. •
    Tvn''' "'j l'Ie~:t +ot . . e, heAt p" ..... P oph'OYlJ i.v<. (<-.HI ~ f...'h'" ~-e". S, 2,2 +h...+ '+"'e.
    c..cef·D("'ieHt of pew-fo ......... A.t'\l€ of 0. h<-.d· pump W!.-.t I.uL leH-fh""'1 or {',v.,/~J
    i~ c.e e t-{.·.:...·~.'\ t of- p<.?rfo,.""'l\.rlte... of .... rof!VUJI bf-e, lou."t- P"''''''f opeO<1'l'o1j
    he twe-t"n A.eS-e'I"V--O""( ... t Ie.. t\ ..... ci Tit . Th~", I wet... €-1' r./O
    ,
    G) I~ L.
    '::

    W''tc.le
    vcdu -e S'

    WC""'t! ~ ~;\J :: O. ~4t-.p


    ~"",'"",(,I""", +~I"C h'u.".( "f? '7 v , ,.. e d '=: O. Cf 4¥
    Fro ...... W\4 ... ,,~c:.h..(~,./~ c:J.&\,·fc.., Ql.V\ actv"J. t~ 1'i.J.... /O i.t>,.""-(J hl'V'-t -
    UJ~fb·'L"e"t of p..erfvl'W'-A.Vlc.... ~ +k. V'cH"p a.o -~. o. LlS,..S tt--- h'~~li!r" V'()..,..Iue-
    cQH:: ICD.~ I-..p ;: 5.5"1>
    f!>

    All e lee. fr o'C:


    :IdOl'" lIeAt P''''''fl
    =
    5-$1-
    PR06t,6Vt S" 5;2

    "UQWeY: Re.+('i,e!ttfl~ tlli\d~eQ.+ p&.lWtp c~c/~s t>~ra:fe r~vers,,,,.'1 ~+Weetl\


    ~~,(VDIf".s 4#(.+ '.f.uce.tJ. T,., 4.kJ ~ rQ",Cl ~ Te "tllfA~s) r'Speol-~VQr,.

    fI kJ 0: p~ 0+ (A) (3*"Jt 'I'"e ~ ~ z.r.. 5 ...'1 -/0., +I.e Y~?"';, e-ra I-t~ ~ cle
    ~ lb) .
    r*1\bc q '\Ie"" b~ E1" 5-10 -fDr file. "'e~ p~~ ~c/e. D.sQ.{ss pr4c.f,ca'! ,~/I'ca:l-~
    I tI\ tl4.cl\ css«.
    cSc'iSMA.TIC· i Gl VEAJ 1)A-T~:
    TH : Z'tSK
    CSl ...

    I
    ,I
    W",cA~ I Wc:.aol~
    I I ,-; I
    I ~ c. T ..
    I . '( ~:\ T.. _T.e. t. ~
    /: ~.. ?-- I
    --~ ~ TH-'rC
    .)~51< ~ 7C.~ 2.'81< ... z~Oe~T:; 5Js°tt:.
    (~) (JIt)

    MSUIVIPtlON$: (.) ~dA. 5y,klNl ~k.DIA)t' ~ ~ fUA.o~a~'J"ts slc.ttcLes Lc.~o-s ~


    tAj~ . <'2.) TkL ~c.les c::l ra vel/fWS 110/« "

    A1'IM,'/SLS ~ (A) 7J"e. UJe#tc..'M .P ,ev.ft>rt'"A IJ1 ce. fDr~. ~Wf'~;b'e refr"1era.-I-..~
    Gtjc{e ()f4r4k~ r~seYVo,YS a:t 1ft ~ 7C is
    bJwU.cA. 11-.1.,11\ ~, fi.:s. ~. Wi"*, 7it=2!18k.,
    we~d ~~: Tc./(~18-Tc.). -rhL IolLo-wIT flot 1.1 oblo.•.....etJ( II-S'rr rr,
    70
    I
    60 I
    As Tc~298 K I
    50
    Pmax ~ 00

    40
    l.l
    ~ 30

    20

    10

    230
    ---
    o -h-,,....,.......,....,.......,........,....~'T""rT""'l""'I""T"T""T"'T-n-T"T"T"'1-r-r-l'""T""T""rl
    240 250 260 270
    Tc (K)
    280 290 300

    n,.,. 4."\ 4~ rlfy;,e,V'(A.I-&.~' ,,,,+elM O~Y4-k'"1 ~ 9WCN\ v"wu.f Til ~ T~ I ~


    tt>etMClerA.-t of. pe.~("Ma.kC'e $ WI~~ be ~ss ~ ~fIt~ : fJ c..~tv.I,r. 5HUI-H....4re~
    Skow-n j"" flu. plot is lkALc.1-'\.+W~ G(J(~: ~ d~tW.e4 r~id':1 AS 7C. de.ct'e4SJltS
    .«<- .tUeuR "THo" ACCDyr)J.WjIj J a$ Tc dUKeASQ$1 ~re. wo~ ,~"",*, ,".& ~e~eJ per

    ..lec.f-y,,' i"
    uH.it .f 0\1tvrf~ G, r'4..tkDVU fyo'M ~ -('~(,.". d ~ (C8lJ. r~se.rvoi~)" W~
    i.s "CoSet;{ 10 p\'Z),,\de. +u ~t>('~ lll\pc.c.t,) ~ wo~J k.D(&.A~ a. ~c.~
    ~+ ~ ~ra:l.Un-t "SJ Dc.lA-feJ wi-ffA -I1..t. lowe,y i7 ef 'e . .

    ,r-S.3
    pgo!3teH 5.52 (Cov\,n:L)

    (b) The (ol'Uic.ic.~t of re +o, W\ Q.\4ce.


    Y of. A. v'".e.Vers iblf! heed- pLt"1' (!.Cjc(~ oper«+'~
    be.ftu4!e.1I\ reset/vo;r'"s ot- TH "tM Tc: is 9lveV\ ~ c,.5./O. wi+1A TH ::. 5$5°1<)
    we fje-t ~t'tc..,. ~ 5aS /c .5a~ -1"c). The f.ollotPlH., riot is obJa..IVtej tA.Si~ IT:

    70 I
    I
    60 As Te -+ 535°R I
    ymlVf. -+ <Xl
    50
    40
    ~
    ~ 30
    20

    10
    0
    420 440 460 480 500 520 540
    r, (OR)

    s-S4
    fRoBLE M 5. 53
    t<NOW",,: A re fro,', er... .,..", Mo/ntal'l'l$ 0... rot ~",~"'_1c d ~pa(e. 0.. ~P~c.'·"'·.d 0.'"
    +e.*pet-.. +u..,e, 1:>0.'" -r.,.
    opeNt1'oll ot ~.,. ... dy ~"'..1e ort. provl'6etC,
    F/N1): D.... t-~,·II\e. "1'10\, po ....... ;"'p...t 0."" e.o_"..re. w,'of'" 1&\c. po.......... ""'1'",,1: ft.". 0...
    tc".r,a'It'e, re.~l',.,..n·o", c,.,e.le op.""+;"', be fw~"11 "'Ser'" "rs .. of; ~ "pte:.-
    -,f,eel +,*p.....
    operClfo.+<n~ eos+S,
    /v'es. e:,,_'u~h ",kit. c!Ai1r ac.f,.,~ Al\cl """l'lIK1V.... -tkel:1t'4'fiu-f

    S'C.. e.kA"IC~ C$.VEW 1>017"':


    s"....... u"clll'\"s .. t 2.c>°C (2.11 a:. )

    -------;l (3=3
    ~,,,:: bODl> tco/h

    " ....'Ze ...


    co",,,.r~ ""... 1;
    ..1: 0 0c. (1. 7~ IC)
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) Tf\e. ~'t$+C.lN\. ~k.",,1'\ 11'\ ""'c. Q.cco""II''''::J'·'''j f,',vre, u",d.,..-
    ~.. 0... C'C.fr~'.r.ii- t'fcde., (2.) Tnt. d..+... o. t. for It'.M a.t: s-+ea.d,y .p.,.•
    s+o.ff.,tS) Tlo,e. -Fr.eze,.. C-D_p .. ,.t- ..... t"t A.",d -f SU,.,..~"Clk'"J~ pl"y;'hc. t'o le.s o-F
    c:.'cl o....cl 11\0+ rese,.r.,.,·rsJ respttc-h've ''1'
    ANA\.YSlS '.~) Vp."" t'e..A.r r- "\O\3-e. ~ e ...1. ) .,. ~t. d..ft",· ""j f.)rP"'''U,· 0'" for +"C c.a.~'tA'f"'f
    of p"""ior--.",cc. ~i\t'.l

    "'T\o\t _ • .f"'~.",t' of rc.,,~~..·A.'~ t'C.fr"'j."'1\'OI1 c)'c/'t,


    pe..,..pt<lM""'Cf. ;.,.,... 0..
    op.rA4\ft-, bctUl~~" r~\er"ol"S at. TH: 2./tSk (2.0·C) Q .. d Tc = 2.731C (0·'; l,s
    ~""ct'" OJ e" S',q

    60 0 0 k'J/l-t ::
    J1,t. ,.
    4-to ¥ .~~-----
    .
    Tt\~ a.c:.-tv .. 1 po~.r
    po \pc,r- rlt., II ,'t~ "" .. ",of.
    "11I.'11+'" O'le-Y 4~ h''''''~t "'' 'e . . . ._.. . . "'"'" ""0,..#1'"
    CD)

    S"-sr
    PROBLEM 5.54-
    i<,,",ot»N: A Wu-"l- P~""'f prov.'c!~.s he".-h''''.7 ~o ~ ci."-U~ll""'j' oper~fl'~
    ~+.... 0..( C. pro 1/ "d~d '
    F '''"'0: De.....er~1IIC. +l...A. o..c~ .. l C)pero.-h'~ c...s+ A"'ci e::.-~-..c. e.tJ,.+t....
    -Ho..... ~~""'u-. ,..£..a.ol"eh'e.-C... op......o.ft'''''J CG.$-!- fa.... eQ,c....... Q~
    ~f. 0 p~('4f,' ~ ,
    "Sc:.~Me'\TlC ~ e- IV6W ~7'",,:
    ...
    M~S"pllerc o..t c:Qo....+: ~OIOOCJ ~'tv./"'-
    4'1,OR(1rOf) •
    'D""" ~ \\t "'6 o.:t WcycJ..a = S ~I"
    rrr-=-#F='t'f' " s~ ~ (~f·F')
    ~o",,1"

    A~SU~~"IOI-JS: <,1) .,........ ~ d·~- s\..ow",," ilA +"-a f,',~ v",d...,,,~s ~ ~ 1VlAAlo
    c'tc.L~, t'l.) Al\. ei ..."-eo... ~ for Opq..r"AAtA-.. o-t- .r~~ i~' (1) TI-c..
    A. ~ .. f ~ -.l ~ c:l '"" e.U...t""'J pi 0.7 f'1-. A.o l.e.. ell f C4:J (c:l ~ k.-t-
    ~cs~r\J"O\"rsl (\A tp~c.f;ve(d' <.+) Tc.....e. <.est- 'b ~(.~Cf.",CA"'" ~ c9 C~",is PJ&rkW'~,
    A~Al-'"1"SI S", US'''''j :l:,,-t' . . . d..;,..... J -K-- ~cn..~ C>p~ ..... -h'''''' ClOst- td

    T~ ~""' .... v_ ~.h·e-t. cp.c.rct.-h......j c.e.rt c..er-r-<.tf'0~ci.s -to tt-e-


    lM-\·~~IJ"""" -f"".a.ort.h'cA row~", A-e~ v .. ,.e.~1 "S.",,,,, f<" Pt--tAy...1

    52-€» DR,
    '30, 000 e~/ l.,. =
    c=:. ~'2SC _ +Clsl°R
    W (yel e

    sW"'- '-
    -
    10)000

    \<- ,
    ~61)~ ~ Wcycle
    ~

    d1- A C -Iv -t 0 f-¥~' V\-"1 CAJ s. t: ~ ~ '0. -e "f f;~j l.\.o~~..f'<-- 11-t-
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    <3( 3 '=. 'Z 0 0 ~-\.v.

    A~S()MPT'ON:I. Th~ f'tC+~"" sl,o....... ,'", -I"e. c:tc:co.... p''''',,·''', ;"',ul'e u"'d.... 'of'.l .... P0\Jl'f:"- cycC~
    ~ .....~ I'IQ itl,..ft'l..., .r r e v e rs, b,",'-h·f't. '2' "All he",+ ~l'IJ'.f.".s +--~t p/4('f! M ~ ;"eLl ~c:1 +t'_~r-........... S',

    ANALYSIS: The. ~he,."",..., "f~'c...·elll.c~ ,'$

    A"", e",&V"~y bA.(A.~ece "'ve,,


    We'teIe:: ~, - Q l. - (03 ::::. (toOO - Gh - LOO
    - {400 - Gh...

    S""ee, fk~ c'fcte


    6~,'.7. ree.dS

    lO"tO
    "\ - (pOO -
    ~NOWN: A l"ev.r.r,~Ie. pow~".. cycle. ~ ..... d ..... ;rrtvH.r.·b'~ cyc/e:I ope"....... ~ be+Wof."I
    +!\e. $ ....... e. -two '-.$."'1'0 ,'.. s .

    FINO: CA) EVQ\U\Ate. <Tcyc/e..fa... :r i .. itrlOl$ e of. Wft..' Wr. J A"cl +ht h,""p~"'A"llr~ Tc..
    (b) 'D.eWt4t-1'; iY,..~ +~ W:r.<: W~ ) (il~ '> ~c:..

    ASS"MPT'ONS: tl) T"'e sys.JP"'$ ~ !-tOW" ;'" -t"e Q.cco... po"~i~ ft',cue. ul1tJe"jo PD~"
    t:'1c.\es. _R ,'s revet's:,'" Ie ... tlod :r "3 "rf~'I~rs"':J/~, ('2.) CDch sy.r+·t"-\ 1'ece,'Vps <Vf.I
    a:l,1ol f .. a ..... The. "'ct; res er ver r: a~d. dISC"Ar'j~S f!lIlerj,/ A1:. Tc. "'0 +/.te Celc:J
    r ewv v ot«,

    ~''1C~ 0: -
    y~ CT-~
    I~\ :! - [ ~
    TI4
    - ~
    T
    ]

    c
    E.",e~t ba/Ql'\te.s for cycle s R c" d '1: ~; 'Ie) rt'J'pecti ve /1

    - rl~
    ~
    - ~c)_
    T
    (Wrt- W%)]
    Tit c Teo

    -S '''ce. R i.s re"uc ,'b\f'/ E'ey, S.<D ~pplie~ 0,,<:4 +kt> .f,·V'I+ ~erW\ 0" i-\1l! r.·~I.'1+ v."I's"~7
    leA V"""

    tb) when irr-evuf:,'/?;t'-fi'S a.i'~ 'f>"'-O..s~I'\.-t-) O"c'fclt. "'70, IH....c,s I S~, (a.)
    (eca.~ ~

    ~R - ""'~ >0 ~ \.u~ '> VJ ~


    ~c..

    Tlu e'-"'J'j· bAlA,.,t~ (('$ul+: ~/. '= (fJc. -+ wR _W't +~ w..cl.&.~


    f'-..t ~/.. '> Qc.' Acc:.o,....L.·I'l,J'j) +f- ~d i '~.,4lven"ih.l. J·i~! i, i-o
    Aeduce ~ dA-'.(~d OIUCf)IMe. ~ \)Je\/c.(~ Cll.",c:l i",~ +k.Q. ~
    (~t'C+e~1 W~(L.. ~ QCIv-e.. P0I"V""'" C'1"le.,s p'\~ ~
    T~-...A f'Al/v 1'\ M 1foa,
    'P~BLeM co. 4
    kNOWN: A rel/ers,'hle ref ...·'e ...... +.·o.. cycle R ~"d ca.", i,/",rf!ver-r.· ole. ref,..·'e,.... +i.'" C\fde r
    ope ...~+e be fWf'e., ike SAWle ·ho 0 reservoirs.
    I
    ~: Show 1",.. t W'J: >W R G\."'- ~ (Sl~) Q t4
    SCH&MA"Tl<: i, fO.veH DATA:

    ~c. Cl>1.I>J RESER-


    VOiR) 7C
    A~S\)M~TIONS: (,) The. ~ysteWls s"'ov.s", I''''' t~~ ACCO-PAlI\::l"lI\j f,·,vre. U"d~r"D
    r~ f"i~erc."'·o", Cycles. R ,'s re.vel"s,·hle """,d r. ,'s ,',/",rev('rJ,'b te. ('l,) Ea<:.~ rys-lt...,
    'fecei"es Qc:: o..t T c fv-o"",,, fhe. 4h:l rer-erv ...... tIl.",et d"Stkdll"j~S e",el"')1
    At T.... ",,"0 +hc ko1- -reHl"vor""'.

    ANAL.Y'5IS: 1=0 r c'f<:.le 1: J- fS l' 6~2,. +... ~~S tl1e fc """"

    ~Yc.le ::.- j't...:T~J"


    J:.r~\ .. - [ ~
    ,.e,
    - Qi
    TI+
    J

    S, e e R cs rtve"sl'ble I E1' S",b .... ppll·t',S d",d -+'-4.. .(..1,.,,1:. ~~v_ o"' .. ~~ V"",ld VtuJtrh~J
    \etll. ,."',

    "Si"'(~ c,\c.le I ,·rreveyr"b/~.1 (J(.,de. >0 (SOPC.,.I). Tluu) W:l-Wrt"';70) 0,...


    W'1. '> WR. "'~t t~r'J I:l... la.",(,f /"~tu....t*~'" ~ i'leJ. Q.~ '> <n~. ...4111-------

    C.OMMEN,: The. ec......... "'+ cle~o",r~Ah'()l(l US'9S +&'e Clat.-",'l1.1 ill\.e'tu.';l:J deve.1or'8J
    ,'", Sec. ".1. The. e.o,,",clu$I'CI'\oo\ +I.o...i: Wr.,>W R tIl.\so u.", b~ de,"",o.",fy .. f~J
    \1SI''''~ +~e. \<,&lvi",-PIAIo\.c.1c. si-.ftlNl.~"'+ of +h~ sec.e""cl 'I(w) c:u: nIVSN-dlfecl.
    i", ""'e. solun'O", -to P"'oble~ 5'.''i~1

    b-1
    'PROBLEM 0.S-

    f,r",,,,,,- "'-<:'-t;. r e s e .... v o ..... j, ",-t "'T;J 12.. ",,,,d tL'\Ckli'j'l'\j Q~ t".~ ~td resevvO:>'f'dlJ,

    Fttvi:) ':. Ob+....... i'\ "1.= f (1;/11, '''iLIT~J CP) J wk".e ()::. Q2-/G</ I <>."ci cL. 's '-<-'~" -the...

    i '~hj be 4"", 0 t~ P-O 1)~ 0) b""" Ve) "I," -4- OC>

    $CI-l1'NlAilC-
    . -z' c"ltJbN DATA.~

    ""Re~.-,o r •t ~

    :
    I
    ~I :

    L_
    /
    IJ (03
    ArSU;-t1PI(ON~: u) ririe sr $l-e""" ~~'-'- .....
    Io -IL-te. d&ut,ed (.ne (.J.,devJ·c~:; ...... poL<.Je,r
    J
    ('{<-Le, (2.) Tke,:-e lA.Ie V\.<) ( ..... .(..;<VM~
    Irv~ve.'jth.(,f-,<?J or f"I"e'./h'1,b./,!JpJ' 6<ssocu-ted
    (p, fl--l. h.e.c t- 1v'.-~ rk-' b~ /-....; "eto, +~ S'y ~ I-e 1/"'- A ... d MS' e V'vo, Yf, (3) The 0" 'r e"" e.,'7), irA'" s-ft'(f
    he~.,ev\. ryst<vV\. "'.. . d SV/(OLJVld-t''''JS llre. l"d.c.deJ 0 ..... ~ sketct,.
    ANALYCiS':£A,)A", €V\hjY bAlAnce.. for +~ ''(ete re s.as \Ncycl-c-= Q.l-r-Qz.. - Q,J,
    E'1"'l\.h.", &.2. fc.dces +t...e fvyl"V\- D

    Uti
    ,- T
    <Ih
    (j;l - _.-
    -2:.. =~ ;:.....
    - cyde '-/ Crt ~ -- ~
    It 4\ + :E-
    12-
    c:Q'1.
    Ii Tz.7j ,
    Ti<le tw.-.r"""",\ eff,'tA'< V\('7 LA"'- Joe e')<. p r-e ss e d/tl-te'Vl J «j

    \)...IU-tc.tc::.. '= 0, +-Q'L-- (Ql =\ .QJ _ t -


    ~(-+ ~2. q.-t- ~2.. (<t>IT 6;lz.)
    01'

    l - Is
    T(

    (- 1- Is.
    ('L

    1- ( A lfi..o~ OI1e. lU~et"'Ifl:lI'" lMo\,'a~


    loA 0* ...'" ~ ""('",,#/'0- """.~ a....
    ~""'" erA. +c.c. r (J fC--o v-..t-.e ~ Yl"
    CAl 0 v.t ci ~ SlY' 'e +''1 .1,Q H f'{.-",
    ~~.)
    K 1\J0!:!:l...':::! : Op-e,rtA-h"".j detA,ls &\.I"e p,'oVlclt>d~r re vev c. er« <t",d lo'-eve.'J'ible eletes.
    F IIVO ~ t",) Fe,- power '''7 ( I€' S; S kvu.- T;/ > Tf.+) (i:» n; r e (v'd 1',.,.,,1 1)("1 C)( 'Pol./ S '-.....>LV- TC:>7c:.../
    ( c ) FOr heA+ Pv"'"'p ("yoeJj s~~ l-ri/< Itt.
    $'(df/v'}lrIC'i, GIllEN DATA:

    cc)

    ASSVIVlPIIO,I\J<;: (I) The <,;;ySfe0AS .>1..,.<".,,-,., j", +~<" f-,ji.tve v.,clujc c.'1c1es R del'lDt",s "-
    r e v e ... • tote "yete ,.",d '-;::. cl".u:\t'~ 0.." Ir("Je',dJ/t:. '-"j0AE:- I t"Z) n€ ,/"f-e"'v,.s re(e~'~
    ''"lAd c!..-l\'-\A ....... ~ e s-,e .."}y b::J I.--..e:. ....;ftr-,.."'(fer o-t -rxe l ..... cL:Ui.f"'ci -fe ...... perof"'r.. s. (J) Tl-te
    0.", Ii? Vtl!r<)"j -tv"' '"'.I' fe r: S. +C, /<. i "".J P l&\.(e a r e: S' ~ L<-'H 0'-1 +"€ f,:5 u re J.

    At-.>AL'($IS: (A) AI':ljOI'd''''j 61"'2.. fo RAndY) resj1echveb


    o
    Glc.
    T",
    :=. -~le..
    7'"'f(
    ~ Q<.;:

    r:
    '-VH [ -'-
    -"
    ll-t
    ._.L.]
    -
    I -~ - <J'cyc:l e
    rl" ,

    -IH /
    > "-1M

    (!<(J - 0 :~ ~ H ::
    fI"J

    .I'

    >-
    /l..: COc.
    TL

    :r~ ~c

    Tc..
    (DM [.1..1/-+ ~ .~
    1M (
    ] = ~ \JCyc{e
    Pi20l'3LEM 6.=1-
    ,. ..
    /C.fVowt'" A 'Sys.t-t'W1 (,Iv,derj;.;es "'~ cycle ,-"""",,Ie. recel\l"~ 0~J(QD ...t Ts)t;; jreJpe(hve'7"
    t\l'\d cle ,; rcc I "'j Q.. . At L:.
    F /lvD: +lAeol'E' hu.(

    CD

    ASS'UM P'Tl oN ~ : (i) Tnt' <,('.k ..... sko",""v\ 1"'- +ke ~Jure~ v.1de"~J~<?S: ~', (''Ide ('2.) The
    011\1'( e,M!v'1y 1v'Av,,{erl ex p e "'1 e vlce d Ci. ('E' "; (.,~('\h'\ Ov. t t.t.?hJ u re . (3) 70 <7Z....c:. 7;,-
    @Aj\jALYSIS', AlA. €ftE'i'YjY b",[t\,jIIle re cLu {"'S

    ~"""

    --------------~'-- ~- "--=-----------------------.-
    f. T~~ c:\evice c..err-eS'd'W~c:ls -to o.vv el-bsorp-h,'"",- ~ puw-p - ~ ~ $-ea. IO.~~.
    2.. -rkA ell'<W'y b~lA.l'\C( s kol.V,s +~ 6 (A > Q~

    PROBLE K ~·8 No ~rma-t - Trw.e Jf.~se.


    (0.) 'TRuE. EI'\~PI ts ~ proper+t. TJ,.v,.c!.J "'*~ c~~ t....:. VAIU(.. beh.u~el.1
    +l.I.() s-\7..+·u J So ,hdA..p~",deNl- of ~~ prOUlS9- - ~ sec·/·3 f-w cl....·QGOSJ,·OV'.
    tb) FALSE. VA,,,-aIA. T v) c..eH'IS~",1J 6, .'-./8 r~cLvc.. t to
    (,.~ 0
    .
    Sa,-St ':.~~JT4- RJ- ~ • :J;.... A c..o~SSI'''''',) V1. <.vt So, S~ -s. <. 0 .
    T. T - VI

    ((.) TRuE. As. s~w .... ~a- Gfs. (,./9) (0.1'1 J ~ q2",4', ..(,Io\~.., ~ ~~~ 1 ,
    4jAl cL,.. r~lI'd.s ~ T.J v I1Y 'TJ P I/LJI ~~~'~l;. A I 5 t1) ~ '--' Io-c.. fW.".......r~d 1.4...

    4-u- s "1. p) v.
    Cd) FALSE. s:.a..... 61' (g. 1'2.0. •

    (e") T~uE· ~ &,. v.:J.~


    PeoBLE 1'-1 ,.~
    A S'11~- cc1"Utsh""j of e..""" ~.c:iA.....( 'AS (AJf·.jt,.. C06'\S.... "'+ ~p~c...f.'c..
    j<.NOI....n J:
    N"* r-.~·o "" v~d.er:)o~S ~o"'.sfll,d;. VOIl........ e.J c..OnS·hll1+ P(~s.s.v.(e I al\d con s """,t
    .fe_p""'Q.~re f"Au.s~ ft-cJ\N\. ~ SA"~ L'taih'~ S f-"-fe...
    r- ,"->D: (~) S '-loU +~ -t"'''- e « ~'1 c ~ c.; .,,,~ ... i4,. ~ ~ c".",sh ...+
    ~SSIA.('" 1""-Oc.A1'S' ~ ~ -rz-. coMfa""f V~l~~ ~CQss. ~terc)... f'£-t-
    P4..0USI-PS """ p-") T-s coor~·~Af-.S. (b) us,'",.) ~ 7-oS d4A"; ....'''-.1
    SL...o IU -\'~ 0.. .e.cl'l< 1
    CO""$+~.d " k...-, ... ~ e..-f:V.. s Ivp~ ~ 4 ,(.".~.e, ., f
    co .. .s ta .. to p. (C.) S'~w +a..-\- T~ rA~'O +1oJ e.. ty-o..p'1 c.1- 5 ~ f,v e- 0+
    ~r~"t 'T r--uS's 4o.-tt- .e-.h-.p., e, ~~ 1.-r ~ c.:..",s k. ..1 v ~u &00 (l-~J.
    £ke+c... h ~ p..-t-oe="'J<;'~J on p-v ""'I.e! . .~S <:"'CO"'r<Lo'V1",,-+e~.
    ~c:.l-leMATIC. ~ ~/VEN t>ATA:

    (t)

    p
    b

    ~--------v

    b
    \.--------,-
    P,
    i
    ... J
    T

    1j
    ~ ~".Sl~ .$~.Sl S

    ASSUMPT(oN: Th~ 'S"ysf~ .... Co"s,'sir 6f 40'\ 1't1~.. { ~a.s toI,'HI coO\stA"f 1(.

    AN"''-YSlt: (~) r=o v- p,.oe~$S 1- .... I sp.e..40'c. lI'ol" ....e ,'s c.... ' f .....,· 1='0 ... p ..oe~'t /-b J
    pt• ..,,,,I( ,.~ c..o .. t~......~. T'" vt J E 'l~. ".2..'2. A'" ci &.23: 1"( d lie c. I ~.rp.c +; lI e' '1 ) tt> , t' Vt

    c., I"" J1 c: P \" TL/r,


    T, ~ :: --~=-:=---
    Cv , ... '1\ IT,
    So..- ~I
    Cp I", T.!:
    1j

    (b) 1~/~ c.0-re.c.f(' ~ S~ I @'T/()j)y +0 (oT/?JS)p.


    S,,,,c...e.. c...07/0S)""* ~ri'cl v(_ft)(ed p} - h~o ~~ I i+ ...; ~v'I.G'v=f
    -t-t"""'" ~ I-~ c:L\~~(A.i4o'\ +kJ' ~ COKS-#a,,+ sp~~<. V7)(v~ A.J'",c ft.5:JiV\j
    .+......o""gt"- ~~ 1 ~"~ ,/~ ..fo'!-- d". ~.sfJ-t- ~ 4 -
    -Ul'\e.
    f='or P"oc .S$ 1_" J +-~ MI\ ,U"4 +\oI,ft 1$ C 0""+/11" of ' hi... pro t.f''SS 1- b I ... olu~~ .. ~ COKST.lld·.
    "k",~, e:1S' '.\q co"'\\ 'H18 rewC'~J r~sp~etlv~J.yJ ~ ,illE:.
    S ... -$,:: - R 1-. Pl. (e"'~~ d..t~)
    P, \I
    t." 11'\ (e-~ """~)
    SIt-SI:: Tb
    .,.,
    VS;Y\~ E,.3,4+)-+l-\e oft'i'sot ~.j: -t.... e se <.Al/\ be U'i','t+eVl. as

    ':... -S, ~ _ ((p.tv) In Pa-


    P,
    V~II\~ t ....e i c!t... 1 '''"3 e 1 till fl' 0'" a f ,,+~ it. u,,"t\oo. \/'b= ", I t "t. ~e "4>1'\ d CA", be: lP .... -Ih'" a.r

    sb-SI:: c..., I" ~

    _ (Cp-Cv) \.. ''''/p, l-K


    tv \'" 1'.. /",

    (4) FALSE, ~e. du CcJ~~,' CM D ~~. S· J,


    (b J t=ALS E. h>r'" o."'j ~C.H·t J ;"' ...... ~ t e v~n 110 1-<:. ()y tdJt\Art.vI·S~I
    .AE =- @- W, Ac cc>r c14''''~ \'1 J "t~ ~., "'... h-od e ,..,....,. d..t .. ~d,'"", 0 f G<..,.;
    ""+ c:l~~""","'-Oc::l 1.,'1 W AIOto\c - - 1J""lIrs LlE:=-o

    ~) FALS S' S#e. Eo;' '.2' e.t",cl ~ ~UUlNf'-~"~ ~ •.s(.US'r"V\.o.


    (4 ) FALS E , ~ E"j' '.2.1 ar\l:1 ~ A.Ce..e>""'TA"'O"~j cJ.,.s""ss,.~.
    (e) FALsE.
    ~ "2.,. ,,2. ~ ,-"uL ~ 1t'~~U''''j cLt-s ""'~~( (1l.,.

    (of) -reue . s.a..... Sic. (...4 ) p. 2..~ f-- J..c.sc...vs~t·"- '

    ~ S4!(. G..~-,r
    L,) FAt-Sf·
    l'-NCWN: A ,f,xed IN\..,I>,- of ~,,+e..v- J Ihih"/I, ""- 'i>.~fv,~H?cI (,7,U,d) l.)."J",r~es.
    c-o.... Cu yt n-" 1..
    V' --\-e "'"I' "-;rt,-fv-..-.o J C LJVl s -b,'" + r ~J CA r"<C eA.-<c-C e I"J' to o.,
    S'", tv < Are d V"-j7 or Cc .~d,'h OVl ,

    P(NO: Lil.) D('r\~ V¥rr-e<,;IIOvl.J.' fv.-- WJQ IV\. .j.e ....... cf VVl ,,'I,d ,~ -k..bt<:.
    pNDji)e.rn'es, (b) S~'-"-' "f'--b T"-"- prouSl' IS 1>11ervtal0 rei/edible.

    rtt)-
    - -,
    t ~ " \
    'I., /
    t .1 T
    '" - - ....

    A~Su(VtPT{CJNS; (llTh~ "(",k"",, 's "'- f,.YE'd ~C<.:'·s 0+ V->... fe,.. (z ) lCt"eh" eUlei
    p()t-eV\.~AI ev-""-j''1 eff-<ch etre. .... l,;ren i.: (3) 7", fN fA-<:..c..t>$·J..; P=-CD0.s'!alA.f/
    'T-=- coV\sf4.lilf (4) Voi...,,,vt.<:' <:'li~o..\I\.je I", +L.te 00'1.1'7 '-<..00/'1<. /I~cI<:?,

    A~A.LTjlS:£D.)\lJI~\""'" u...'>.sv"""ph'o"".(4)

    W 0 ~ r p cl v- = ~ I' ( '", - <r;) ~


    o..",d

    Io~,
    ';:,,,,-e.,.,

    "'" p L "9
    'fk.,~sJ'tAre

    - "i ]
    fr-,..,.
    lelA-~I"'s C-e;v1(fzu.,t,j

    /A- i4 'lJ!J loA. IAhCe.

    l
    \}V,tv-. o....s:r .... ""'rh
    ,
    ~
    l"2..-) 0- "" d-the 0-- ve C1< 1'2A.>.\ J / Un
    " -
    \iV') O-Vl e
    ~'ves

    w. Cu'<j - U {J -+- "'" p ( Vtr 1)


    ~ "'" C.(u 4 -\ pUr) - (lif-t rU-f)J

    Me", 0 - hf J ...c<4r---'---

    CD + sr:
    T

    "'" ( ~ j' - hf) -r Q--


    . I

    c-io
    'PRoBLEM './4

    !<NOWN: A", ic ol ...·lt'd S'IS fff ... 01 "ot.. l ,",-All ""' ts for <I 1>7 ..... ~,...., q'j" .. 1 ........rr~1 <Jf +"e.
    SA 4: 1,''jv;J """'+".11, ~t i~ .... pu·,,~t'f'S T, .,1 7 2 .
    F/tJ't)~ c..)S~o 0+10\.1. the 1 • of e .. t-rClpy produc." I'r 11'"': h\c. I", [{r,+Ta,)/2. (T,.1;.i'a.J ",.,,1
    (b) +~ ~ I:r "'""ul+ pos,'h'I'e,

    sc\-\e MI'I'T Ie i ~/" E t<J Z>A 7~ :


    •

    ~I
    _IS·~
    ~

    ASS'UJ.\PTIONS: (,) The. s)'Si~ .... Con8,·si.s .. ~ ..... ~ io ..... 1 -"'Ct 0-1 ",.,u,·c:!. (to) The.
    $'1,s"4:- ,'t "ulc..h 01 , l'l) T"'e 1,'"",'01 "1 t"'c.o ....,.4-u,·o{e IN,+,, <:0"'$-1-... -1 ~P~~'''''c. Af'.... tc:

    A"'''&-'l''S'':(A)Tkt ~",... l it ..... £....... i-...re Tof c...."" be. ~"' Iu ... .,.cl f,- ..- .... '" elll4-"',>,
    III A lo.\I\Ce. " ..c. t.r :: /ifI~. T"'us .A "'tJ' ':. C I 0 ....

    1. 0

    4 S: r-~ -t-o-
    A;\¥lb
    r;;r = "'" sf - C. ~ SI + !i.. Sa. ]
    ': .!i l (S.f -Sf) -t (S.f-S'~)J

    J
    .". W\ Co I",
    [ (T,Tfrio) 'kl
    :: .... c. I" [ 1i+T~
    'Z. <:T,1t.) 'It.
    J. ca.)

    S .. ~ ... r,'''''~ ",..."" ','.leJ


    ~\ "T1.)l. Z. .. (T. Tl, )
    ='=;:> lit. -1.. I, T\ -t T,.1. 2. e;,

    .::::p (jj - T1.)t 2 o (b)


    T~ ""e.~ UAt,,.., /$ $'O.+,'S"'I"" .for e,'f"fI.- T, ,>7.. 0 ... TL ")7;. T&<If! tlt".I" "'t'1t-1t'~1 (JIIlI!; 04-
    ~ke .... 7i ':. rl.

    ~ -s
    PRoBLE!vI. 6.. 13
    A <:..tos<."d
    '8;'-1 ~ fe IN) •

    L1 EJs,/,s of LJ€]svi'r ~ 0 (t2

    L1sJS'tSt- ~SJ'""(,, -:: o;;ot(~O) (2-)

    bOTh.

    G'lv,<h""",, (1-) "'llo ....... ,i' ..6'51s)'skW'\


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    PRO~LEM (D.IS

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    'PROBLEM 6,/ b
    ,
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    SCH&~A\IC ~ "H'S to) J)aI\7,.q:

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    U , ...." E 9 . (,.1. oS.&c. Hett..eldolo~ ~ l;1pcl~~ - p. 2.~4-~

    /TCode
    P = 50 II bar
    =
    Ta 400 11°C
    sa =s_PT('WaterISteam" , P, Ta)
    Tb = 100
    sb = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Tb)
    uc = 1872.5 II kJ/kg
    uc =usat_Px(IWaterISteam" , P, xc)
    sc =ssat_Px(IWaterISteam" , P, xc)
    xd =1
    sd =ssat_Px('WaterISteam", P, xd)
    /TResults
    =
    (a) sa 6.645 kJ/kg·K
    (b) sb = 1.308 kJ/kg'K
    =
    (c) xc 0.5001
    =
    sc 4.447 kJ/kg·K
    (d) sd = 5.973 kJ/kg·K
    PROBLE fv\ ~. 20

    E=/IVD: 'De,.-\o-er...'..... "'e. +t...e.. speoc''ft'<... ~..,,-Ivop1)"":' B+-IIIoI()~1 of w .. -j...r o't ~


    ~llO"""''':'''j .s+a.+-es: 1000Ibf-b'i\4

    C~) 1000 llof{t,,~> 75:TJ°P . T .... ~f"D' ...-n·tM ...: (~/e A - 4 6: S: I. Sy. Bfv../lb· oR. . ...

    LOOO 1'*1"10\') '3oo


    D
    F. l.-...ble. A-SE : :s = o. 4-3~-S'2.. Bh4./lb·oR. ...4'-------

    (c.) J U1It> tf1fI.·,,~ n,: '1'32,.4 T3fv../Ib


    h q ': II <n..+ Bfv./'" . T .......... S

    s ~ %' to X c Sf· s.f )


    .: 0.74-32.+ 0,(,,(0."47/):: 1./3/'S" Bft,./lfJ·t:lR.

    Cd ') /ooo//,f/i;,1., S ~dv"',..;t) d v~ or , T~A·'1E. S'l '=

    'IT Retu.l~. N0-t('-t~t 0..+ ll<iv"d .s+A.+e.s) Svc."'- 6t (10)" 'I7Ati-vv .....S
    t!V\tf'C>('J u.."""J c7· lD .1 . ~ Mcf~~(OdJ up::!A.~ - f' 2.4 +.

    IT Code
    p =1000 IlIbf/in.2
    Ta =750 11°F
    sa = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Ta)
    Tb =300
    sb = s_PT('WaterISteam", P, Tb)
    he =932.4 /I Btu/lb
    he =hsat_Px(IWaterISteam", P, xc)
    sc =ssat_Px(IWaterISteam", P, xc)
    xd = 1
    sd =ssaLPx('WaterISteam", P, xd)

    IT Results
    =
    (a) sa 1.541 Btu/lb·oR
    (b) sb = 0.4369 Btu/lb·oR
    (c) xc = 0.6001
    sc = 1.131 Btu/lb·oR
    (d) sd =1.39 Btu/lb·oR
    ~~ De.~et'wll''''e. the e"A"'~ e i., s P~C:I "",(. t",+rotty) i ... 'K::J/IC"#( I b.twHI1 + he. sp«-
    '·f.-eel sh."'es.

    'TAIDIe. A- ... ) S I:' ~. ').1 '2.0 teJ/",!, 1<.


    T
    TAblfA-'S, s.~ t.'2.q cU. l'':1/t::5'1<

    ~ - 4,Qr'1.8 I<:J/IC~' K __I t - - - - - - - -

    5"b.r -rd.ble A-(O .......t- _ +oCltc.


    ~ "'0,J ~1= 2.'2.1,t8/l-l~ ': ''2.l,i?; '(.-:J/~
    ~s~
    Ll/,44 - 0 -:. C),S"'
    "Z.'2.1., 'a 6

    T\A-\. .... c .... ,' +t- S''l. ~_ r~ A -II

    "i~ _ S I = o . q II 7 - 0, 4'1 8'.:: o . 4 '$ ! 7 LC-'J' ltc, . /C.. ""C#

    e) AIr (AS Q\I\ I'd ... I 'A~ . 1i ='2.80 ~ (7°C), P," a.I:» Cl.,. J 7'2," '600 ~ (327ft:), 1='% .. , OJ( '".
    W,''''", eCJ.~.2tA. Q",d SO clAtA. ';"0_ TAble. A-2.2.

    S').-$I:' sO(T1.) - sO(i,) - R I", f!:


    M 1;
    ... (a.4oc\o7. - I· "11 7q) ~ _ (8, 0 14 .!!:1).t/1 J.
    1e'.1< ~t.q 7 ,",,'!Co Z.
    = o, Q7'S" IS" 'K::r _~...... cc)
    ---.:.:
    l=5·K

    ld) \-1'1dt-o,eVl Olt.) AS t\",,'deAI ,=,as. 7j"/OOOK(727oC), F!,.,b"",,"li:.7.eteK ('2-S0C),


    p'). = 3 IDiot

    Table A-21 provides the following expression for cp(n


    c •
    + {3T + -yT2 + BTl + gT· -=-p = a
    R
    Inserting this into Eq. 6..,. written on a molar basis, and integrating

    $2 -=
    R
    $1 = f (a + (3T + -yPT + BTl + gT.) dT _ In
    T2

    T,
    P2
    PI

    = a I n T2 (
    T + (3 T2 - T I)
    -y 2 2 B l l
    + "2 (T 2 - T I ) + 3 (T 2 - T I) + :4 (T 2 - T I)
    g. 4
    -
    P2
    In PI
    I
    The values for the constants a, {3, -y, a, and e for 112. are obtained from Table A·21. )J4l'\Ce..
    ~-i; =fl.ll,/- lC..J' ~ -a..lol -1.87't3 + 'J.,,~r - 1.7~lb -+ O.,·l'/q'f -1.C>'fi'b ]
    IC""DI· Ie: l
    :: - 4+. b t Ic-J'
    ~,.,,"

    W•.f~ fN ~l EO -...l o,....r" L,U.e,.( SIA.t fw- 111. fv e.-. -r~ A- ( J M ':- 2.0 1<.,
    h-~l ~ ~ .. -~ ':. - 44.f:,i' ~'J Jlc-.I·lc:. ::: -'2.2.. 1~3 \c..J
    ,..... '2.'0 \(, k e / r;~ ~·l<'

    IT SCLu7/oN:
    IT Code
    =
    Ta1 400 II °C
    =
    pa1 100 II bar
    Ta2 100 =
    pa2 100 =
    sa1 = s_PT("WaterISteam", pa1, Ta1)
    =
    sa2 s_PT("WaterISteam", pa2, Ta2)
    dels_a = sa2 - sa1

    hb1 = 111.44 II kJ/kg


    Tb1 -40 =
    xb2 = 1
    pb2 5 =
    pb1 = PsaLT("R134A", Tb1)
    =
    hb1 hsat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    =
    sb1 ssat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    =
    sb2 ssat_Px("R134A", pb2, xb2)
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1

    Tc1 = 7
    pc1 = 2
    Tc2 = 327
    pc2 1 =
    dels_c = s_TP("Air", Tc2, pc2) - s_TP("Air", Tc1, pc1)

    Td1 = 727
    pd1 = 1
    Td2 = 25
    pd2 3 =
    dels_d = s_TP("H2", Td2, pd2) - s_TP("H2", Td1, pd1)

    IT Results
    (a) L'ls = -4.903 kJ/kg'K
    (b) L'ls = 0.4338 kJ/kg'K
    (c) =
    L'ls 0.9749 kJ/kg'K
    (d) =
    L'ls -22.16 kJ/kg'K
    'PR08LEM Co. 22..

    FINO:
    _ _ 'D_e+e ........·"'e. tl-le. "''''je.
    e, h o '" o
    rp.c'1"l'c.
    f e"i-..... ")'J i" 8-4.../lh·oR.

    Co.) Wt>.+ef'. P I : 1000 1"';/i.. 1., T," Bee of, P; :./ooo/hl-/t.. a.; 1i = /De"r.
    'ooc Ibf/'·"a.

    ,.Atole. A -+E. s, ... t. SM. s- £U·"/Ih· .~

    T ,....tole. o\-SE. Sa. :. Ool2.Qo I B ~ ...I /6·"1{

    to.)
    sa. -~/ :: - 1.437..,.9 /3#-0../ lb· oR-

    v
    (0) R-I.34A. h, =- 47.'t I !3n..(lb J Tj .:: - 40o~ s: A1v ......~d VD.pOl" ••:t Pz. ':: +0 l"f I,'\It '1..

    40101';",'1.

    4'f.<J1- 0 ~ O.S-
    q). \"2- -

    v
    -r~ A-',E I S ~ :' O.'1.\Cl'l 'B-tv-I 'b·o~. L~ ""
    Co)
    ~_~, ~ 0.1..1 1 '1 _ o.II'f'S":. O.IO~Co fSft../lb.(}R.. ..

    Cc) A~.,. 0.$ t>.", ;c1eAI '''''S. Tr:. ~o·F. P, :2."'+"'. Tz." 42..0 °1'j Ii.:' /qf .....
    W,'fk e,.(;,.'l.s... o.",cl t. D clo..+.... forD .... T .... lole. A.:zte ...t S'oo·f't .. "do BBo·R.

    (d) ('Cor-bo., dil>~I'c/e ell Q~ ;c1 1 qCl$. T,=82.0°F, f'i"'IA+ ...,7j."77°F, &=3.. .,....
    Wio\'" E,.I..;).5"1:1 "",d SO + frO)_ °'7£&I~A-2.~t= -.'to 12.80°P, a"d 537°1f

    S~-'I '::' ~O(Tl.)_ ~o{"li) - ~ J-. ~


    ~ (S',.o~7.-"e.o44v ».. . . . )
    \]bN.,· R
    - (,.U"
    ~
    ~ "\ ~.!.
    l......,.o~ J ,
    : _'I.113t Sf,..
    ~.oR

    Th.",..... :+k -+10..4 ~otu ...( .. ,. "",.,.,,,., 0 f c01. fr ....... , ... "'e. A-IE:.

    ~
    -". l'l'!i Ib••,.• 1l
    44.01 Ih/Ii"..' Cd)
    : _ O. ':l.l>'" 3 s- g ..... /lb,(J(( ...
    --.;t;l--------------------
    IT Code
    P =1000 //Ibf/in. 2 Td1 = 820
    =
    Ta1 800 II of =
    pd1 1 * 14.696
    Ta2 100 = Td2 = 77
    =
    sa1 s_PT("Water/Steam", P, Ta1) pd2 = 3 * 14.696
    sa2 = s_PT("Water/Steam", p, Ta2) sd1 = s_TP("C02", Td1, pd1)
    =
    dels_a sa2 - sa1 sd2 = s_TP("C02", Td2, pd2)
    dels_d = sd2 - sd1
    =
    hb1 47.91 II Btu/lb
    Tb1 -40 =
    xb1 = 1
    pb2 40 =
    =
    pb1 Psat_T("R134A", Tb1) IT Results
    =
    hb1 hsat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    (a) =
    LlS -1.437 Btu/lb·oR
    sb1 = ssat_Px("R134A", pb1, xb1)
    sb2 = ssa_Px("R134A", pb2, xb2) (b) LlS = 0.1056 Btu/lb·oR
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1 (c) LlS = 0.184 Btu/lb·oR
    (d) LlS = -0.2545 Btu/lb·oR
    Tc1 40 =
    pc1 = 2 * 14.696 II Ibf/in. 2
    Tc2 = 420
    =
    pc2 1 * 14.696
    =
    sc1 s_TP("Air", Tc1, pc1)
    =
    sc2 s_TP("Air", Tc2, pc2)
    dels_c = sc2 - sc1

    lc::~owN: «e,...i,e./A.J-2;t UlI\u..,.3""c t 0.. p.-oc..f"SS be~e'Il~ +'-"'0 $p.c.lr.·~d a-h..i-f's.


    F,"-'C: \:),,~--''''~ T"-t. -+.:."""'p .........fu.r~ --* -t"'-t. +0'1<'1",", ,J+-1-~ I ~ °C) ().~ c\. 1t- .f\""~
    ~""TIC.T'. "VGt-J 'bllt7A: sp~CAf,'- e",,4-~~ /",.; ,,~p:~.

    O. "2. 1'1 ~o.-::: ~. 0 bcl'''-


    <!> <.o"~
    O.O~M\>l'J\ '= O.~ boor

    ASSVMP,.,ON: "'' '-0 ~y~-k"",.:o II<~ ~ «-'l.'4


    A~~ ... 'T'S\ $: fYltI- 7~ A- 'I J s,.:: (.01~(P te:v/r,.I<. ~

    ~1.:'SI4-tt~-S,') -:: t.018(P+(-O.SS)-:'O.$~~ (,:r{Ic.Cj·k.


    s....c:.e. sz.c:.s, 0..* O.~b ...r : -r""bk
    !.f<' A-9 } 'S+-.::t..~ ~ L.:. ~ .fwu-r~...e..·tl.A·c(- V~or
    (et"". -rheV\, T~ -5t. ~O°(.. 0."'-4 ... Tc.
    ": o. S~~<. -( -O.OSCi1..) _
    'l'~- l.O'Zqt{-l-o.o~4.(") -O.S'11~
    ~ h ....... "'f-t- t-... <. ~3 ) ': - 12,1 ~ + (OS~la-)(2.lt.O. U ') ~ II <D. ~~ kr I "'~ 4::Ci::---~
    I<NOWN: Otle.. Ib of ~ ... te,. v",de",,,o#$ A. p"'Oet"s,r ",,'ih 110 C."'AlI\'~ ,'", 'SPf't:,·ft~
    e.Vl+("0'P'I 1oe.+IPU'" +wo ~p.c~f,·ed &+Ates.
    ~: Dc+.("-.i~~ )( 0,," T ""+ ~ h"~ . st'...tc. J 0.$ "'PV'''.l'Ir''''~j 100 /'-fl/lf~
    tA,Sin5 ~l-te"~Af\ 'Ie IN\ei'~ch'. I
    SCHtMA"TIC";, Give IV 'l>ATA:

    s s
    A~SOM~TIO"': The. o",e. '" 0-/ w ... ter ,', .,."'~ ":'1~+~"'"

    A~Al-y'Sl~ :(A) Fro_ TAble. A-4E 1 3/ = /. 7So7S" &/ .../Ib .oR . Tk~"l w""'' ' ~ A .. $3 ... t Si/oof/.',,'l.
    fya- 'T ... h Ie A - 3 £

    1.7807S- O.2.34Q = o. '61


    1.8 ..1ol- o.'l14'

    (b) '8'a- ,'>\,,..c:1\Ol'\ O.{ R·~"re A-8E .. to p,=/OO I""/""'~ T,=G,SooF) ~,=1.78' 84-0./lb,oR.
    I.,e"l w,·." s~=s, .."cl p~ ... 'S' /1#+/,'",1) ')(.1.= o.,,~,

    (el
    IT Code
    =
    T1 650 11°F
    p1 = 100 II Ibf/in. 2
    p2 = 5
    =
    s1 s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s2 = ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    s2 = s1

    IT Results
    S1 =S2 =1.781 Btu/lb·oR
    X2 =0.9609
    FIN()~ 'De~el"'l',,,.,,"l1e +&-'f'd\,,.,,,,,e ~ sp~c.,f,'c. <",tv'0r'j J ~ ft='::J/t:,.K.) ur,.",,'] +~
    ;..le,..{ ::las ~del.. o.l'\~ +'-"..... ~/-kr~+Ve. D.pra--ACl..A..o .

    CD c as e,
    (G) A,,,,,,
    P, = 1001<P....
    .os::: I. 'f2I1Q - 1.~7~ ~'t f - 0 AS: /.007 \... !!.! - 0
    P2.:: 100 Ie I'Go
    "'1:)
    '1j: 2't31<. = O.2.42.t, ,,;r/t:"K
    .. o. "4451 1C:f/t<S·K
    T~:, 37.3K

    CIo) At.,.
    PI: Itoar
    P2.:: 3bar
    1j:: 600'<
    "Ii:: t-50K

    (c) CO2- Wi""", SO cl....+... ~._ i ..."'le A- 2.~ w,'i", c.p 0.1' +3i-K fr'o'- T .... h'~ A-2.0
    1\'" ISO",Po. o....cl M fro_ T ..It>Ie. A-I
    A _ %-a'- j.., ill _ ~ J.-. 1,:'°0
    .... $- • 101 04-'.11/ ~ (c.)
    fi:: 100 Ie f'~ 45 _ ;1.41.033- ,11"11.2.84 - ~.'I4f .1M. ~ 4----
    T,: 30~1< - 4+.01
    11= S73K : 0. 4 1" CJ K:f/lca't<

    {l'l CO w,,,""" ll" .... fl. T

    P~ : (;~ )(~)
    T, :: 3001<
    T,:: 5001<
    VI:: 1.\ '1--, :: (~)( ~):: :1.444-
    \.:S60 0,75"
    '42.:: 0:1 $ " Ikj wa", 'i 0
    d.~+~ .fv-o... TAble A-.t!> ",,,4
    "" ~""" T~l~ A-\
    -:z.12.,"~ - 'Q7.72.3- t,114 ....... 7.,~
    L1~ '= - - - - - - - - - - -
    2.lt .0'
    ':. O. 20 , 0 1 te:. :l {t:,. I<

    (e) N, W i-t....SO \\ ...-\-... fro- (... Me A-:23

    p'-:'2.M~ 11... d M f.,.o'- -r... &! e A-I


    flo: I /14 Pa. l<n~n-220,Q07- g-.!/4 I", z:::I
    AS : ~--=-.:....-----=-------=
    1j ~8001( ").8. 0 1-
    'Ii.;: 300K. ::: - O.<a':!l73 ~'J'/1c:3·1<.

    IT Results
    (a) L\s = 0.2429 kJ/kg·K
    (b) L\s = 0.4762 kJ/kg'K
    (c) L\s = 0.4764 kJ/kg·K
    (d) L\s = 0.2702 kJ/kg'K
    (e) L\s = -0.838 kJ/kg·K

    l, TNt cp V.,\v.t-. i~~".. hll1.tec:l ft--. .,..",,~ A-2.() ~+ +&o.e A,,-e,..o..~-e +e""""7'~.-,."""",Y'~.AHer,, ...tiv~
    <:01'1$-1-0."'1;.
    +~~ o.ri~W\.~~·~ ......4t"~ of +I-a <f Vcr.lyel Q.+ +.... tt.vt> ~ O\~ ;.e~('Cl>~;-er u.." ~ U.1~d.
    PRb'13LE tv'\ "·2 ~ ( (o",-td ~

    IT Code
    pa1 = 1 II bar
    pa2 = 1
    Ta1 = 293 11K
    Ta2 = 373
    sa1 = s_TP(IAir", Ta1, pa1)
    sa2 = s_TP(IAir", Ta2, pa2)
    dels_a = sa2 - sa1

    pb1 = 1
    pb2 = 3
    Tb1 = 300
    Tb2 = 650
    sb1 = s_TP(IAir", Tb1, pb1)
    sb2 = s_TP(IAir", Tb2, pb2)
    dels_b = sb2 - sb1

    pc1 = 1.5
    pc2 = 3
    Tc1 = 303
    Tc2 = 573
    sc1 = s_TP(IC02", Tc1, pc1)
    sc2 = s_TP(IC02", Tc2, pc2)
    dels_c = sc2 - sc1

    Td1 = 300
    Td2 = 500
    vd1= 1.111m3/kg
    vd2 = 0.75
    vd1 = v_TP(ICO",Td1,pd1)
    vd2 = v_TP(ICO",Td2,pd2)
    sd1 = s_TP("CO", Td1, pd1)
    sd2 = s_TP("CO", Td2, pd2)
    dels_d = sd2 - sd1

    pe1 = 20
    pe2 = 10
    Te1 = 800
    Te2 = 300
    se1 = S_TP(IN2", Te1, pe1)
    se2 = s_TP(IN2", Te2, pe2)
    dels_e = se2 - se1
    FOvl): De..J.ef'""",",,,,<. +kPc:.~~~ It''\ Sr<~p.,,(. ~"'~"'~J ~ 8fs.o./I/:'MA.o/· o f( J /.lSI'"" jlA...4...
    id(~ '0.0 loCMlclc.l....-Q.r\o +I.v~~ ~lt~,.~+:.~ o.P~A.clAJ,..s.
    (!) -r dc~{ 6t..S T,j&.bl~ Co",s J.".", 4- SP~C4 f.-c. l-krt..::t-

    ce.se,

    lA) AI~ wa'" ft-."",


    ,,:>0 c1~"QI. TA.bl~ A.., uE Q .. d \'II :+lI. l!f' a 1: 2~o°F -f.,o ..... 7.. hIt A.20S
    "': I ~:f"" M ~ ~6. 97 ''-/'''''''01 4"'ci. Nt e ~'6.q7 1&//6"".,
    o Co.)
    p~ .. I.d"" t>

    1j: 500 0
    R Ll S: ,18.(n(O. 7''02.3- O.5f2.33),:, I~" I ~S:: (2M1)(O,'HI) Ih ~SOO
    - 1•• "/'.lM1 ~
    -r.. .
    T&' 8lo0°1{
    :. 3.''''2.'2. 8400./'''....'· oR = 'l.78~1- BJr-..//b ..... t- oR..

    (b) MY" wo't~ SO d..+A. ~._ T ... ol~ A~12:E wi+'" c, "* 'loo of f,.- TA..~I~ A-3b~
    'o . . . ,
    If = '"0 ''of'I'rt~ """ d. fv\:. ~ g. '17 Ital/6M.DI o.... ci M:. ~,.q, Ibl
    1\" ,"0 "fI;..~
    as -:.18.•7 (."~jH2. - .lot>9S-)-/. " " I.. ;.: ..os: r...~8•'H)(O.HI).tn :!!,o
    S"~O
    -'.41U• u: ~ (iii)
    '1.0 . . . - -
    T,= S£ooR
    .. _ o.o+q, FJ-hA/lta.... o/· oR.. ." -o.o"\ct8 rsffA.llhlA4.'·D~
    T;l: 7bO°R..

    (c) C02.. wio\'" &0 4A~" fr...... T...",e. A-23"E Wi ...'" ~" ,,1:. ?70 o F fy..... 7 ... ble, A-z.pE

    Pt ~ let+...
    P2.: 3"....,
    ..6S = 5".7E15- 50."06 - L'U," A.. t 0.0\ cl fIit.:: 4":.01 ,.," .... ,

    ~S ':. (4t."'/VO.·U.~) III ~ -


    frD-
    1.'1
    T4h/~ A-IE

    tc..c.....!-+-
    (c.)
    1
    T, e Sooot :: 4.1'7~2.· Bk/I".... o/··R. \..: • J..:
    : 4. ";).17" 1H"'I'.,.,.,I··t\
    'i"O

    11..: II '°°1\.
    eel) co,&- w.Jr.. . " v .. R T Woo\'''' C" a-t 30o"F fn.- "T4JoLe A-WE
    1i= "'o·~ ~ : (~~ )(~~) A" d M: "1'. 01 •• [tb....' frd"" TAble A-IE
    Tz :: ~"OoR
    '" ~ ~() fil/I" =~~)( ~~)= '.1374
    V,.: I ~ +t1.f 1111
    w; Jr"-. set d.A~"" .f,...... T...ble A~e

    ta'f:: .55.'8et- 5:l.u'i - ,./fS" I" ,.737i


    = '.558 . B-I-...llb ...o/· o'!...

    (e) No. Wi-\'''' SO cia" A. .fr..... T ...",Ie. A-a E 'Wi+'" Cop a't Soo·r= f..- T .. hle.. A-~E
    r. = '1...", o... cl M= 29.02. ''''/lhMol f,..... T...hle. A·,S
    As: 47."8- 51.77/- 1.'8~..l" 1...
    P2." I .+h\ As': (28.0'L) (e.2S4) III ,~O _I.qg, I.. i
    T, .... 17."O~ :: -'3.'2.1(.. + S-hllb..../·O~ I~O

    T",,::- "'0·1\ =- 3."2.2.5 S- rsJ,lA/ 110"",.,. of{

    IT Results
    (a) =
    LlS 3.79 Btu/lbmol·oR
    (b) LlS = -0.04884 Btu/lbmol·oR
    (c) LlS = 4.176 Btu/lbmol·oR
    (d) =
    LlS 1.557 Btu/lbmol·oR
    (e) =
    LlS -3.217 Btu/lbmol·oR

    r. T"o COI\$+-t ep vAl14e ,'f e" ... h..... teo f-t"o- -rAol~ A- 2.'0 A+ r~e o.V-E""'~-e ~",,",~A fo..c...... Alfcr-
    l\A+\,,(I,,\} -I'N At.·tllI",ch·c. c,..."h'''c..~ i ~. Cp vc.llAes Q..+ -I-~ two t'l'\d s-f-a-l-t-t C4l1'\ ~ vs« 0::/.
    IT Code
    pa1 = 1 II atm
    pa2 = 1
    Ta1 = 500 II oR
    =
    Ta2 860
    sa1 = s_TP("Air", Ta1, pa1)
    =
    sa2 s_TP("Air", Ta2, pa2)
    =
    dels_a sa2 - sa1

    pb1 = 20 I 14.696 II atm


    =
    pb2 60 I 14.696
    Tb1 = 560
    Tb2 = 760
    sb1 = s_TP("Air", Tb1, pb1)
    =
    sb2 s_TP("Air", Tb2, pb2)
    =
    dels_b sb2 - sb1

    pc1 = 1
    pc2 = 3
    =
    Tc1 500
    =
    Tc2 960
    sc1 = S_TP("C02", Tc1, pc1)
    =
    sc2 s_TP("C02", Tc2, pc2)
    =
    dels_c sc2 - sc1

    =
    Td1 660
    Td2 = 860
    =
    vd1 20 * 44.01 II ft3 11bmol
    vd2 = 15 * 44.01
    vd1 = v_TP("C02",Td1,pd1)
    =
    vd2 v_TP("C02",Td2,pd2)
    =
    sd1 S_TP("C02", Td1, pd1)
    =
    sd2 s_TP("C02", Td2, pd2)
    =
    dels_d sd2 - sd1

    =
    pe1 2
    pe2 = 1
    =
    Te1 1260
    Te2 = 660
    =
    se1 s_TP("N2", Te1, pe1)
    =
    se2 s_TP("N2", Te2, pe2)
    dels_e = se2 - se1
    (0.)

    USI"'.' clo.-f... .fro... TA.b1e... A-2.

    T S,,, $4' + ,/-,(Sa-Sf ) = 0.1510 + 0.7S(W.,oof- 0./510)


    = ". 7 1'3'3 s ¥. :r I I< t=,. eft)
    Tl\e", I i.,hrpo'.. k ...., w ....Jo, '$1.=10, i .. T ....,/t,A-3, pz.='.8'f7ba".-

    !t) Air 0.$ 0.", .. de. I '0.10. T,:: 3001< t:n °C) J PI -=-1. 'S J,M J 71. :: 400 1« 11' °c) . F,·.. cl P2'

    Si ~c:e. '51. -::. S I ) E' ",. (.,. :2-S' '"" ". If e.l

    10\ P.... = ,.oeT~) - 'S°CT.)


    'P, ~
    w..-tt.. ~o d.cd~ .fro,"", T ... b\~ "'-.2:2.
    l.qCj\C\4!- - 1·70 z.o3
    (g.SI'" J2.8/f1)
    ee)
    «.74" ~

    5i",ee. Sz,'" 5,) c'l' '.~I~ ~,·ve.r

    SC>(Tl.}: SO ('T,) -to R. tw\ a


    'P,

    ~oC.Tl.)': 0.(.,.0'50 + l.qSG::. J.... ~ :. O."S~II a4-"'/lb'o~.


    ~,.q7 3
    (co
    "I",-4.t'I'0laf..·"" "" ........ !>O(Tl.) ,..... 7'Abl~ A-12.E/ 7i. ~ 4cn·7"~ (3et°F) ...f t l f - - - -

    N-~ 7..6it A-I~J S,':. O. q~", ~""Jl ~l< .


    -n. _ j" cl.-.h.. t.~ -r.,....b-t...c A -ll At'\.d S ~ -::. SI
    l"""'''' J t.v,'r...... '{V

    )£2,. ':. O. C\u... 4 - o. ob1t ::. 0, q~­


    T o.~3 cn- - D. oe:, 78
    ~cL
    v").. -=- '4' + ~~ ( V1- V-f)
    s .: O. '7" S"~ + e. C\. K" l O. Ilf /7 -
    (03

    - O. I ~3 w.1}!:J

    &-32-
    ITCode
    /* (a) Water
    p1 = 14.7 Illbf/in. 2
    =
    T1 500 II of
    p2 100=
    51 =s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    =
    52 5_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    52 = 51

    (b) Water
    =
    T1 10 11°C
    =
    x1 0.75
    x2 =1
    p1 =Psat_T("WaterISteam", T1)
    51 =ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    52 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    52 =51
    (c) Air
    =
    T1 27 11°C
    =
    p1 1.5 II bar
    T2 127=
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    52 = 51

    (d) Air
    T1 = 100 II of
    p1 =3 II atm
    p2 =2
    51 =s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    52 =s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 =s1
    (e) R-134a
    *1
    T1 = 20 11°C
    =
    p1 5 II bar
    p2 = 1
    51 = 5_PT("R134A", p1, T1)
    x2 = x_sP("R134A", 52, p2)
    v2 = v5at_Px("R134A", p2, x2)
    s2 s1 =
    IT Results
    (a) 5 =1.926Btu/lb·oR; T =1016°F
    2
    (b) 5 =6.712 kJ/kg·K; P2 =6.903 bar
    (c) P2= 4.117 bar
    (d) T2 =38.75°F
    (e) s = 0.9264 kJ/kg·K; X2 = 0.985, V2 = 0.1888 m3 /kg
    PROBLEM (D.28

    ICNoWN: O"e.'-:", o.f 02, v ..d.rsoes 0. pro(f'~ bdWM" rpecl 'I'e.} 4l+tl\+ps.
    ~: V:II "'J _+"'ru , "->eHucis J. df!f~,."".· .. e, -4"'e C:""""'3~ ,'IIt IP~(.f·f,·c. ~"'+I"Of'r: (A) ct·6.1'I
    wit'" Cp fro,,", T...IJIe.A~2.11(") e:"
    ().:tfb MI •..,,, i'0 fr·...... Tallie. A-'2.'a a) £,,'.23
    w,·+.... c,. At 'f00 I< ft-o..", 7.. AJe. A-20~ (0) usi"'~:t'T.
    S(t4e~·MTlc. t, "t/EAJ DAr ...:

    /.Sbar
    2.
    15001(
    T

    .s
    A~SUM1>T,oN: T~e .'Ych... c.o,,~,·dt oi ollte '< 3 0-1 Oz.) wk..·tl, "e~tl\w, at QI1 ,'dr" I ~Q.r.
    CA.)
    Ve''''' E,.(o.tq T'&"

    S:a.- S, = f
    Tl
    C.,<'T) cI. T _
    "T
    R.t.... !!:
    fj
    T..... le. A-2J fj jve,t

    ...o'tI,S· fy-o.... T"bJe A-Z3,

    Sa.- S, :.
    iO(Tl,} - SOCt) - R1.", A./p,
    M
    :. 2.S7.qr.S- '2.05.'2./3- ~.1/04 k...1·~h. = ,.77.:&5'I<.J/",·k' ...._ - -
    3'2..

    (s) Vcil\~ Ef. (..3.3 ~I'+"" <r ... t 100 I<.. +"'0_ T"''''e.4-''2,O

    ~:L-s/ ... cp.to. 'Dr,. _ R J- ~


    T, ~
    ((,)
    ': /.0'74..t.....~ - t.:!i,!.t..... ~ :'1.80i~ k"J/~,.K .....- - - - - - - - _
    '00 ll., :L..

    id)
    ITeode
    T1= 300 II K =
    s1 S_TP("02", T1, p1)
    p1 = 2 II bar s2 = s_TP("02", T2, p2)
    T2 = 1500 II K =
    dels s2 - s1
    p2 = 1.5 II bar
    IT Result
    ~s = 1.724 kJ/kg'K
    /(tVOwN: FJve l,tl0fJr(}4-j C.p...~"","""'C1A\'CX ~v\"de.rl}o () S{Je.C(~I~c4 pr-o,e~>.
    FIND.: De+ertvtIYJ e -tl1e eYln-opy Ch"''''J-t' .-f -t/-vi. proceS'S / .. (tt) iY"(~/let'jlbIP.J (b) j'vt1f:tIllCt'7
    r e vel/51 ble.
    $CHL'IV1A7/C T' G I i/fN 17ATA:

    bur
    T
    t; = (OOOC
    72. = 0 o~

    s
    A SSU/Li PIt ON: Th e "'!SI-eW1 LOiJ\'U;;h' of 5 ~J of i..viife(

    AIVAL-iSI-S ' 'S', .... c« e",,/Yep?, ,. l> o: pr c per +'1 .J +t-te C. h.~v..,) e"';'" e » I-r Dp/" be h.c;ee Vi
    -+h~ f ...... o shefes /~ ff.1e Set....,e r~Jarq .e.,ns of -the Mahue of -lite p,o,-<"sS·

    PROBLE tv\ G,. 30


    I<~ow"": WAfer f.LI'\d.'I',o~S .... p.-C-4!!'U fro","" A ...t-'~III·d ~+",+e 1'A:t: iJaO C , 5M p..... '"' sAt.lt'1· 11t 4D"C
    FIIVO: De~t'''''''''lI\'' +c... (,-",~~ ~ SJ'ACt-f-'c e .... iY"t''j l.U'l'\ j fo""-r" all-e'Ii1A.HV~ /N\Cft-aS.

    AIoJ4(".'(SiS.: (a.) T£&I.~A-'LtM.cI A-~. S,= I.O=r4.00 *,-:ltlC'~"<:; 'S2, =O.S7Z.~ .dS:.-O.4q"S'i';7/~'·I<.

    Co) SA,,· 1..". d ....+..... for"""" '7~ A-l. SO, ~ Sf OJ):' I. 07 S~ ~~llC'S'I:::,) ~4 (et.S ~ov~);
    4S-= - 0 ·SO~e\Co/~, .Ie:. •

    (t"jUte! ""'-O.L&.J UOI·+f-\. c:.:4.16E fr~'A"l~A-l.C\ (..:I 7:a... e)·' w;+t-.€,·G..2.t.(


    - ~"I::.
    ~.I $ ..e
    k,·~
    ~ .11'3 : -0. Sf:)').r
    ~53
    "':'1/ ,,~. t<.

    CD (cJ. ) IT Code
    =
    T1 80 II °C
    p1 = 50 II bar = 5 MPa
    T2 = 40 II °C
    x2 =0
    IT Results
    s1 =s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    p2 = Psat_T("WaterISteam", T2) S1 = 1.077
    s2 =ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p2, x2) S2 =0.5711
    dels =s2 - s1 i1s =-0.506

    I. A~ ""'Oied "'" 1h.o ~e+kcldol0eJ'1 uPc¥-~ 0'" p. 244J.}:rr '&"-'40,.1"\S 1t''iVtd ef\n~'1 a.-..t-
    \A' i <A1 61- t. ·1.,
    ~
    PRoBLEM (D.O I

    ~NClWIV: O.2S" (b~ 01 o~N,.v"du'04'l .:0.. pA.O~4J b~Jwe-e#,\ ~IAN\. s+-td·~r.


    ~: 't>e+e ..... t"'e (A) -I"'~ h~4" TrAMIIe r- A .. d CO) il\~ C.~A""~ ,'", e"dropy.
    SCHEMATIC i
    , (iIV£N D,qrA:

    w= - 500 l$+v...
    s
    ASS"I"\PT,oNS: (l)~ t't ,,+eM! co .. H;-fc • of ..noe Co "'k.·co .... "e "'o"es Q,J "'.. ,'de", I ,eu.
    (2.') T .... e,.~ Clre 1"10 ekA"'"eS i., IrI·Men"c. a....c1 po+e", ~,"'" ~ """,y
    b~"""'.e", "Ht~ +wo e .. ci S+A~ttS.
    -ANALYSIS: tA) Wi"'" QSsu ....,+,·011,. ZICll'\ eMe ..., y b ... ,,,,,,,(e. 1!,·ve.r
    ~:: W of- .0 "U'
    = -W- + 'n, l i4.:a. -ii, ]

    W,~ ~ elm.c.
    t-O-. \" (A.~\t.. A-'"~ e
    Q. ':: - S() () ij~\I\. ~ (O.lS l~-.l)l(lql~.l-2,('~,"~) Qw./I~~(1 : - n.s.'\ 'B.... \A, .lllllEAt:=------
    (b) 1N1~~ 6',. <..1.\\. o.vo.J.. SO cl ~ ~ . . ow.. T ~~h.. A-1.'\ S
    8 ~ -:: '" (~Orr..)- SO(T,)- d \~ (~/c>,n :: o. ~~ (I.(t. S 1:1.. -C{S.1..'l\e - "'lttl l"" (lSO l-w)]
    - - o. I &It.( ~"-u. /0 R. llIiii<._----------------;;..
    ?RO'BLE M CD·s'2.-
    j(.NOW~: C1-44":" co-r-tHcl fro- 2-l:f"~1 I Icu.r to -I4_p~"~''t' ij 210M .'"
    0. f""O cA U f.y u.-L.o.o' c.."'- S 1. -:. S I
    F (t.J \) : ~ +eo ..."""'..... T.

    Sct-4~MI\"'C e(;"llIc#.J PI'\7A: oArSSIlMPT/O~: c:.H4 14 ~el.elecl ~ ~'" ,u.-t ~~.s.

    (!) AIoJAL.'rtIS U$i",~:r T

    ITeode
    T1 = 298 11K
    =
    p1 1 II bar
    =
    p2 2 II bar

    =
    s1 s_TP("CH4", T1, p1)
    =
    52 s_TP("CH4", T2, p2)
    52 = 51

    IT Result
    Tz =348.7 K
    KNOWN: A ., "'o.n·..·'\y O.f QI'", u~del''' oes 0.. +h~"MOd~lI\o."","·c: etc: Ie. eo,",s l'si l'1'\ 9 of
    -\-....r..e. processE'S .
    ~~ Ev",h>Qie -the e""~l/\5e ;" e.d .. op't fo;- e'Qcl.I. prOCf*Sr o.l'I.d Ii:k'Mc:h. -l-~e
    C'lc.I~ Dl/\ P~V coo",dl·V\atE'S.

    SCHeMATIc.';
    I
    ~lvEN 3>ATA:

    v-=- c, T

    3
    VI ~ 0.0'1 '"'
    P'l.: 0.42. MPo..
    Y\'\ =. ~ .lfl. 't (0-'1. \<.j
    v
    ASSUMPTioNS: (I)
    i~~ Cf"A"-h'i,, o-f
    As s..,o.....,
    Ctt,... t'2.) Tke.
    ;1'1 ike. tJ.cco ....I' ....yf"1.!J f.', Vl"e.,1 ike sys-l.""" C:O"'~I'.T".r 0';
    a ... b~"c",e.r iI4S 410\ ,'de.. l ,as ",,,'..p , ~p::lk;r/",.tc:.
    ANAL.'(SIS: The e.",troPy c:.hA",,,es c:.~"" be e."AluA-Ied vstrl,J t:,s. '.2,2.luo<l '.23. F,r,"tJ
    SO~lt. ~r'''''"'''''''''''V'1 rerlAf+£ Q"~ e, ....Ic.ul","ef/. uS I' "", +~e ,'deAl 'A$ etUlth'OYI ..;
    StAte.
    I,,'::. PI -v; -= (0,( X(or.N/~'"l.)l(),(J'2.W\::2- := L.'.?~ K
    W'l ~ Ca.\.j'2. 'l< W~ka)(~ ~\ .
    ~i"rt 1='
    i<- )

    T2.: pz. T, :( ~)(z.88):: 1'2.10 J<


    P, C. , t>

    S - s, ::: W\ c.., 111\ :§. :: l ~ \ 11'\ ~


    ~. o')..4\Cj ) 0.'71'3 _.1<. J 2.'8
    '1. ii ".
    :. 0.0 '246 "'-;sll<. .....,~-------------
    ~roc.sS ~~3: '11,,"\0\ l"I'" P'1.) E,· c.."'?> te.c:l.vces Sb

    ~
    """ <:'p ..t.- 1l.
    T2...,

    ~ ~.l»).41C1)(I.O ~~) I", I:~~


    ::--0.03+4 w..':S I K. ...
    S,'l\ce T3 "' T, 1 e... 4.'l3 A&clu('~£S'O

    'S W\.. R ...t.-!l. :: _ ~ It..tl\ !l


    t - OS! = ... V~ P'L
    =_(o:o~.f')l ,.lt4 \ ,'"
    'J ~&.17)
    ~ o. 00 q q P/K.. ......
    ..ss--------=
    FIN1)·. 'De.~e ..."" .. .,~ ....e-. "'~At t'r ...", fe-,,- ~"d +h~ laJor k , S klt.+c:.~ t~ proces-S' 0" p-V "H.d
    i-s CCOrcl,'\'\Ol+eS

    SCHEMAiIC'; GIVEN DATA:

    /,Sbo.r
    r -- - ,
    11f(.3~ T 1 - -............ ll------1I - I ,=>o°c.
    , wClterlJ
    I

    s b-

    ASS~Mp·TloNS: (I) ".1 show,", I''''' -tl.\e o.c~ .... p .. Yl':l; .. ~ .;....~ u.re. J +-~ sysh.""" c.o"'sl·d~ of
    Oll\e. lC5 o.f ""...tu'. "h~~WI'rrt..Ssl·OI'\ +o..\<e S
    ('2) ,.1Q.ce ,. So+f"e .......... ,,~ .. "d. +
    lAJ'·.j.L,o... I,,,,,.,~V' .... I
    '·... (f/lle ... f\· l>,·!,·\ies. (~) Then! "3 1'10 c...... "'~~ ,'.. /,-,-.".-/"c e r: poit.d,·... 1 e ...el'j::J 1:7~I-Wf'rH -tke.
    e",d s+o:+es.

    At\)ALYSIS: u.s;",,, t1SS U""'pfr'Olll 2., ~.{".15" be.uYMes

    fT
    "1-

    Q: dS = "'" T [.s& -s I J
    I

    i\-\e.... , ..... ~h ci...~ ... f,-o-. 'T"'''I• .1 A-l Cl",,JA-"!-

    C5(. -:. (I ~)L 4331<) (I, c:ci.cz. 7- 7,+G,,-S') /<.::1 -= - 2.3Q /. ~,,"J ......e~f---- <Q.
    ., "'-,·K
    T~ ~j",,·~6e. \ +t--- ~-.+ 1v'AI'\S~ i'!o r~pNs~ ..d td wl o.r~o... 1-2-Q.-b-1

    .-tl..... T- s 04' r-o: """'" .0."


    T"'-A .(~ D~l"" ...(.ct A.LcLvc.J'+O",~ W = ~_~(U1.-l..(.). VJ .. .j-kd-=.+e:-
    ~_ '(...4-4-0 A-?- Cl.",ol. A-4-
    N::. _2..~ql.?_(I~)lIo7+.,,-'Z.:rGfS,l.J~::'- +"'I.SIc:.~ ~
    A I~"", ... ~·w("/ W =- r'~ .lV. T"- ~~/A.('(v.J.~ 'b f1-- WCJt-L~ c,.;, .A-f fA...fr~", +cc:J 61-
    0.. ~ 1- 2. - " -1,-1 OY\ ~ p- V cL\~, rt;t lVt ,
    I':t-JOWN~ Tloo.fo Ii:> w .. ~e e- UlI\det'jO 0.. ... 'sot"-c.l"~
    0; ?A.OCAJ'S,
    F,u\>:, O.. ~e,..""","" ... < +~ keAt tv-A",sf-e.r GA.O'\ci ~"-t 0:>0,..1:;, e"c.~""":' /:; J.

    ~Cl-leMA"t\c: i <o'IVrt-l 't>I'\TA: (.00 o (b~/\ ...."'-'

    s
    At.~uMP"TION~: A.s lS~6"U1'\ ,'1'\ +l-tt
    (I)
    o.CCOIMI""'l'l';:"'Y\j ~·5v"'e.J +"'~ sysiellM c.ol'\s,'T+sof
    2. ,,~o+ ~o.."e". (1.) T "'e pro('~ . +... lct-t plo.c~ l'sotllleV'Molly c.l'ld. ".,,'+l-1o.. t i"h,_1
    Irrc."erfl''','II'h'~s, (3) Tk~ ... e, ,'s 1'10
    c:.."'o.",", e. i", !c'·",h'c.. 0 ... po +e.... +-O'AI ~..,t,.9Y
    Io.e huu.. "''''e ti!",d !'fc.-fes.

    AloJAI..'l'~IS: Us,'V\J o.1:SV"'"",h'OM 2. ) S.,. fs".,.S- h~co .... e s


    '1.
    Q~ ! 1
    T as ~ M T (SL -S, )

    INi \-"" d./):\-~ .c . .


    0-.- T o..b\ to A- ~ c: ~+ ,,00 0 F

    S,~ Sf+)C' (S~-St-\~O.'2.qt.l()TO.l0((.1'("-O.,C\'iO):1.11ISl.( ~\.\A,/(b°R.


    ~,..._ Tt..~\" A-Sf: I S"t,':. 0.'-'\ l~,- E.w../tb°R.
    Q
    So 0. ~ (~l\))l(,(,OOR)(O.(.CH~" -\.~)l'S"\{) ~; -;. - (11:2..1 ~{V\ <EE;;,...-.--

    A", "\I\,e.YCty bo..\(A."\e--e re.cl~(. .. } i-o f\"c,


    vJ ":. Q - IN'\ (", l. -\A,,)
    w,""~ ck~ -C.ro- TQ.,\)\~ A-'7, G" 0.+ '7,00°(:
    lA\ '::. v.~ '" )<, «(.\~-(..\~) ":.I(P~.O"( +0.10 (IOll.(."l.-I(g~.o,,),:go02.~S' (3~/lb
    Q.....J. .c. t-1>-. \" o...b \to A - Sc I tA~:' (.t,. '1'\ ~k ( lb
    So 'IN ~ - (~12,1 - 1.. (l~(,."l£\ - ~O~. s~)
    vJ
    '".:. - (0 t. 0 t3 {.~ C ; C i o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    AI .. lI",d.":J0.t ... "'"-4~ ..,, .. 117 re."errllolc. p"'our~ bef...,.el1 +wo .sf~C'/.·fC/ ~+.. +es.
    For e ..ch of -fk,.t'& e.o.ses, de.fer ... '>\.(.
    +ke +r-.... r~,. OM<J -Iht "'rio" cpo ... lc::, p~" .. ,,,·t
    tlf .... ASS, ",,,cl s"-ow fkll pro(.4U: 0 .. p.v A.. c1 "T-r coor<L.·... c.fes.

    fOol EO MAliC. i, 6 IVE N DATA:

    I
    100

    ~>.<
    ,. --,
    I • T
    : Air;

    I~ ~
    I I
    ~- -_.!

    P, ': 100 Ibf/i" ....


    4S
    ~ ~ 4S" Iltfli.. '!. 2 :L

    T,': 500°F
    II s
    ASSVt->\P"TIONS:(I>T"'e ~'1sh ... co ...s'·str D,. ",,'r .......... e. .... behAve1' AS ..... ,'df'AI :10.'" (z)Ec.cJ.
    process "3 i"'''trll",IIy "~ ersib'L. (~) TheV'e ,'s no e.\.o\AYI,e I·.... /<. ; I'll! -h'e. 0.. pot e .. f,' .. ,
    e.V\tr,y b~fwef'1'1 +he e d st..:4e1',
    ANA\..'(SIS: ("') "I.so+kev"" .. 1 pYo<'<!'s".
    ""-h'l _ tt-f.erA+"~~ ,'$ C"O .. ft...... -+
    ....
    Q:: STdS ~ ....., T(s'!.-s,)
    Wi"" E<r. " ..2.,.... o.."c1 \Iw\.": "" M.. ,
    (Q: 'm.. i (Sl.- s,) "'~T l- R I .... ~~ J ~
    = l:
    1(O:?iS~.tti) U,)t qIoOoR)l-~ 13~"') 11'1 +~,., +S2S.1&/c.A...4-
    28,'1 Ib·oR '00

    SiY\e~ i"'~.""'A I el'\.r"~Y d .. IOe. ...dt 0 .... it .... l"t' +... re. cl./o",~ fer e<", ,'deAI, as J

    ,A'"{j::. 0 be.c:...M.se Tl ,= T'2.. -r",us, 0.'" ~\I\t' ,)' b .. 'a"ce reduct's w,"''' ASt'IIl'.p""oY13
    -4-0 ~i"c. W::: (Q=+525",'2. ~ftA..

    ~,'s r.,".·..
    +....... 1:. S+4+~ 2. 0. f··"·e.cI. i-+o ....4.".... I
    es o..t +,,~ p"'O c." ~ "" u....••". h·t. A ... cJ ,·...+t...-
    ",.. (1'1 "~"t"f1"ltl ,'t. .; Q'" ,·u .. t ... 0l"'c. ,_c.r1') so 3L.:~' • ~." '.2.1·"" ~ivf>S

    Wi-th d.A+ .. .fy_"T.. ",~ A..Jil...E


    SO{T'!.) = 0.74030 ,... ,.q,," 1l1l'i
    ~.,;

    ttl: It.S.t.lD B~/I.&. 1=,......,,)') w.;-....


    W
    \JJ-e.-lq"~)tl'3I.'lc.-It.).t") 4---

    «) C"W\s+" .."
    1O ... 1"",ct,. ,ives
    ~4" e'VA"""'" of
    'Iol""",c. I""'O(f"$".
    6)-:: l-Y\(u.,-Ll,}.
    s:f ...H
    S: ...c:e.
    To +,·.. d
    v e tv ... e ,'s
    L\\. I
    co ... s+ ...d.~ W-:..O. The",)
    of,prot cle."~""",,.,e 'T~ u~ ..."
    0.'"

    of ke
    Q"'IlV'~7
    ,·tI .... , - W

    P, '1/: RT, L ~
    v.... v':. rt7~ X
    l.42.::' 73. S7 Sft,./Ih )
    PRO BLE 1'1 (O,o':f

    c- - --, T
    I •

    I ~r :
    I t
    ~ .J

    T" 333 K ( ~ ooc. )

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    ASsu~P1ION~:
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    "A~.
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    A...,,,,,L.'r'SIS·. U.rl",~ (lS,l" ..... ,.+.·o., 2., €,.~.~b",,~ ......s


    1-
    Q = S, TcJS,. ...... T(s~-S,) ~(i)/W1 = T(St- os .)
    W,·~ .... c:lS~u"", "'+'011 2- ) 4"" E'",,,r,,y h .. le..",~ ~"ves

    W= (Y-AU ~ W/Mll ':: Q/M - (U'2.-Ud

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    tu

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    fi",..., p,.e&r ...t'«, ",ciA' ...liI.. i .. e e, l '1 .. ",d .... ,..,"" 0 +
    .... -Ict'.... , .·rt'evcrl/" t'/,·17·es.

    FI~'t): t>G.~.r"",·...e +ke lNor-lel per v .. ,·+ .f """ss:., .fo.. (a) /(,1'344;. (b) Q"'" ... .r .....,
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    S'CHf:M ATI' ~ <; IVEN 'I>.q7A:

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    ASSUMPTIDNS: (I) As $"'0"''' .... cc:o-p ..."':3 .'''''J +"'\lr~,J +... ~ r''t$ +..... /c .. he.
    ,.... +...~
    ~AS. ('1) T"'~ e~I'I>{VV', +o.~~.r plQ.t~ Q,cU... !, .. f,· e, .. lly ...... c1 w,·+ke ....t •·.. h .. "'"
    'rr'IIers'·D'·/.·h·eJ.CS)The....e ,'s "'. c:.lou..l1\.~~ ,'", Ie,'"uoh'c 0'" pO+f",f,·.,,' e.,E'I",y Hllllet",
    +lo\e t",d st ...icr. (4) A,',.. ,'s ",ude./ed D..l" 1Il~ ,·de.. ( ,as.
    A",AI.-'lSIS: $iMe. +"'c:. ¥If'Oc:eu t s bo+1-\ DI.<!.'· .... b .. ll·c. lIIt>\d ,·... i.,."AI''7 rev~rt"h'e;
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    t,'ICes stA.fe 2.. W,'+'" ASSIIMpft'O'" 3 1 ...'" uI.r,y b~I", .. (e for -f"~ 1Ac!,·A&Afr'c.
    pr()c~ss ndllce.t to ~i"e w-::
    -W\ tuz.- u,)) Or" W/wt: - (,(1.-U,J.

    C6.) 'R I'lA:a...... T~ble. A- 1'2.: lA, e "2..<..~.I"1-lCafl=j I S,:. O. cn.:t:l'=t-I''4rI''''j'


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    sO(T~1 ::. So("r.) -I:- R..t-. r'\ IP I

    \,V ..~ S·(1;) frll'-"-l .... IoI~A-1..2.


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    AlSv\ I..{I= 2.37.'i'1c.'J/~: f\~
    PI20'BLEMG:>. 3 q

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    sp~c"f,·.d t'·..... , pt'ess:u.re.,. w,·-!ho .. -i- ,·,..."II,rt,· b,'/,'+,'f>L

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    (2.) The.. 9AS ,~ "",o.a,l,~ - A"" "de. I ~A!, (:I) TJ1f!! co_p ... s s ,' ..... cs ;.. ~t ....... lly
    .,'''~ .., :" I,.

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    , J '" t'j
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    w ~ "'" RoT
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    \

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    6.",. 'i.~(,. 0..0$ '17 OR. T"'"s

    : - O.037b ~ "'-4~--------­
    0/2....
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    W"'-w-lu1..-U,), Vs,'l'\' E:q,1."\4 ",,;"'1-1 Cp=~.S'R, C":/.5R"TJ,,,,.s

    W= -""CI,SR) (Tt-T.)
    To f."d lao J r e .........te.. ct},6.13 Ut,· ...." '2.=SI ..... d t,.~ :l.S R

    I<NOWN: Nz., vl\de,.."oe.s 0.. ,'", \ot... ",.. II'1 /"tv.,.~,"'c.. c..o"",.... n'·o.., /ott ....... e'" 3pel:.,·f-,·.d
    ~+a.tes cluri"', w ·c&... ,.V"'= CIll'\,s+AOIt) W~ W=' C.>O.
    F"vO: tlt..h .........·... (4) P11(.,)-t"'t.wo,.~ a..... ci k£Ai1re. ..s{er"',Cc) "''''e e ..... ,.op)'c.I.v.""e .

    .scHEM~'lIC. t i
    GIVEN DATA: ~

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    ASSUMPIIONS: (,) As s,",O\.l>" ,'", the. a.~c...._\,"''''~''II\' f",u'e..,t"I1e sys.f..t .... t::OH,,'S+S
    0'; +Io\e IV.... wl.,·~&-\ ,'$ 1N\oat/4!c/ -...l A .... ,'d .... 1 ,tHo The. CO ..... " .... l'f'·OI'l ,'oC'
    ('t)
    iO'\~tt''''.Il~ t"even/llfe.. ~"cl c/uc..,..,h~'" 'y pV"... C.OIl\SftlM'i,O)Thet". is 110 c".V\'~ i ....
    lCi"'.f"c. Or" pot-e",f".1 e.",er,y betwee ..... +-"'e. e",cj a.tA+~J.

    Pc- ~ M.'( ~ l ~.. l fA.) W I.+~ e C\. ~. S~I l.lO

    p" _ - p\ (T,,)"Ct-W\)
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    t:>\ v, (l.O i'- (oS' "'/""," )U>.S \N\'\)
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    Q ~ (O,Sl«.(C\ ~'1) tq~~C\ - (,O~1 \~--t (l/7.~.CH) l~;:;f ~ (- to't,~ ".I)
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    S ~ W\C>°(T~ \- ~'(T&) -R 1"" ~,] ': (0 ,S1'(q)U~~.<tlq -lltO.ctCl~) !tQr,O\ - (~~.~~ )1W\ ,~1)]
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    ?~C3LEM G..41

    Sic." c k t"'e p "oc,rz~s 0 "" p. v A",d T~.s d..l ..., r: ...." " s. De·h .... ""'i... f. -the ff .....p~.·cl.iM. ..,.l'
    /1 t s-t...+ef 2. .....<1 is J/1"101. +"'e. lie t. wo,. k.

    SC.HEMATIC E
    , GIl/EN J>AT4:

    T
    f'
    VI'" ,,,,,oS (tiers)
    '\ ':. I""'"
    lj ... '2.0°c,
    T1,. e, itO 0C-
    ~~ s-bW' v $

    ASSUMpTIONS: (I) As ~how .. i .. -+.... e o.cco ..... I'.1Il~'·",9 -H., .... ,.,,j tlfe SyS+~Wl s's +J1e Q,'""
    (1.' The 0.,',.. ts _od./eel 0.: A .. ",'de--' 96.,s. (1) eAc,,", p"oc~r.f ie '·H-I~,... ",,!y
    \"evli!l'·S',·~I~. Pf'QCC'.f.l"-'2. ,', de .. e, ...... " 10/1 ,.VI\..= C.OHft.... 1 ...... 01 pl"o(#';r 2-3,', ....d,·.. b.f1·C.
    (+) T" ·• ,'S '-0 ~""''''~e ....:.. k,'",en'c Dr ,oft,,""ol (/"'."'1;; bOw"", +4~ .",<:1 SrA+t'l of
    e'·the p.... (.~sr.
    AovAc...'fS'S: liD\ Us,,,,S€" 'SS(.
    or." (o.)(:"~) J- (Tdr.) J- (313/'2/13) ~ n= /.2-
    ~:: ~ '" ~ "':'::: .J-(Pl.l'P. 1 ~ .4-( ':>/1)

    ~)s;".&. 'f, 'frS 1.-'3 ;S Ad.· ...... -h·c A"cl ,·.. h ... ", .. I/~ r e ...... " b /-e , ck,'t '·l:e"trop'·(. (Set.~.4).
    T"'''~I w,t Ss'" Sa., e,. '.2.1 0.. ~ives
    soCT, ) ... S.Cr,) -to R \", fa. :: "ct~ lq I + ~ 1.., -!:: :: /. "ti' 02-
    1 l. 1\ ,1.1./f7 oJ

    73
    W"et'~ s0l.T,,-) ts .f.r....... To-ok A~l2. .T..-iel"'pol .....,·"" \Il.'+&' ~O(T~) i .. TA~(e A-ali Ta:' .242 I< 4-

    ccb Tl'\e ~ASS c.\l."'- b(' de~~",,,,,,,·...t d vso'V\j +\'\Q.. ,dflo.l '3o. s E.~u(l\H~'" of state..

    F'O\'" p\"o ('SS 2 ~~ 0.'" e~e V'~ y 10 1A \0\,( C. t"ecl.,crl u",'ft... AU"'...." h' Oil\, 4 to ' I ' .. e.) IN%;~ =.
    -""tl.l... -~'\.). ""~*~ d ......... -fro T .../,,'e A-·7~'2..

    w
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    I<NOI.UN: "" I
    ,-,. '-e:.
    .... J 0 f e..u .. fer ext'~~.f e.... Ct:4.rYlot fovver cycle.

    ~/NO·. Slc't+~" i"~ ('yc.'~ 0 ... p-v 4u,d T-r (.oco"t,·" .. hs. Ot.h.r""""·I1~ +"'-t. ""At .... 4dtd
    J
    n~t wo,.1C. J 0."''' +ke.·' ""A I t~4!I'~I'el'\('y,

    SC.HE~A11C. F, G 'liEN I>ATA:

    ,-
    I
    ---.,,
    I I
    I
    I
    w.te,. I
    I
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    20

    v S
    AS~UMP'tON ~ The. 'rys!e ....... ~.., .. w"" ; ... +Io\~ o..~c.e_P"">',·"'g E,·,u. ..e.. e ....~c.<-t~s 0.. C4Y010t. C'yde.

    ANAL.'(~\S: S ... ec ~"'c."'- p..oc.~.rt I'~ ,''''+t.''''''''''r r~"."",·'-l., c1' <..1.&\ ,', .. PIO"·c..... .. 'e.

    QI2.~ f~Td.S ': W\"'I(S1-~') o,~...t Atld.d)


    I

    0 J" " S""T d.~:.


    3
    "" 1; It''l-~'\):' - "'" i, (C1.- s , )

    WC\tc.(t: W\ (,.,-T.3 )(~-f.) (~e~ wor-Ic.)

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    ~ \{ 'l... "" .. +t,.... d '" +e.... fc __ 7" --bJ-t A-2-
    5'1.. -:::. S'" ~ '1~( s~ -sf) :. t . '1'1-2.'7 -I- o.<::i ~ 0.'11"02. -I· q'l2. 7-) '=- Co • <O~¥ jc.~ I ~, ' f'(

    ~11-": (o.11::,J(.+33J<.)(c.·(p~'J-\·9~(:=f·)W.\C:. ':" "!.o3.'1~ ~~


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    11-- ~~V LoJ.ie;

    l- l - '2.. &i J :: 0, '3 23


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    tc::. "-30(.(.,,~-l: D~+a... i.s 'Provi<!.ti!.od -for lib
    P°Uo.l 4 r- ~i'c:..l~.

    F (tv'D: 1)-'i! ~ r""""",''''t ("'-) +'- j'kAJ.ru'I"-eJ ""'* ~ ~d of. ~ .'.s'O+ka..I"'jM.~


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    S'C~M~TIC.i (;.IVCr.J 'DATA:
    \200 lbt/~,," p~

    ,-lib-,
    I I
    I CDOO oR,
    I T
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    a>,'2.: YO.O E>+u. ~ $"OO()R

    ASS'\jkP"TIONS: Lt) T"'--. rr doe""" I'S t-'- {I& of O\.,·r. ('2) T~ "",..- t s Mode-ted
    o..S c...", I'~ ~~S. (~) T~ sys+-t"""" vV\.ci.~s Go.- Co..r"'-Ot po ....... e r- cycle..
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    Al'-)AL't"S'l.S :(o.}!\s
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    4 1'

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    ~ It. l..{ 0 • 0 i3~v-
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    ,,~.ct, Lb·/l.

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    .

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    s O(li) _ S'0(T~ _ • o5gZ,}) - 0.li1 t}O
    o~ ..,O(TJ) - s 0 ('T2. ) - R. .!M. ~ ~ J.-. ~ :: R... - (t.Q.~/~~ .'n)
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    T ~ C<1V1.sh~, <Q:l4::" w3<t- I (..v~ \~ P3/P.:,.


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    . ~: 43"5 (/<"0°<::)

    ASSU\,-,\PlICNS: (\) TVi~ ~'7<>h-()J~'" 5"'S I. -{'-Ie. 'S7si-elM- (Z-J 'Tt-t~ h'1cJ.rO'j4" 54J
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    1
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    ~
    PR.OBLEM ~'T 'L

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    (t) -4-"'~ A ov""it.f fdrop., pr.du(~ci.
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    -
    ASSUMPTIONS: C/) TJle 'SY3+~'" $ ... 0 ....... ,'" ""kc Q('cO p .... ~I· .. ' f,',u'e ts "~DI... ftd. (l) TIt~
    e:tlu~""", ,escel o.",cl ~ .. t'" ot 4"_ \,',,,,d ...... ss., c... ~ Mooodel.d eIlC ,' .. c.o....",.. ~It'f1le ,..,'iL,
    e.o~s,*",.. 4 ~pPt.,f,· c. "'('At.

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    'PR08 L€ M ro. 7-3

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    SCIH~M"'''I~ i. E.1\lE#o.l b"\7""':

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    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) As +"or. ..."c"' .... p .. ,,:! , .f.'·'ju'~J 'tke s'td .... C.O",;4+1 of -I"e
    .ko ....'" i"
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    : , To(: 508°~ (48 of) - -
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    PRoBLeM roo 7 "1
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    h":f ~ 1-1-4 BIu./lb


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    ASSUMPTioN!:: (I) As skow" ,'"" ;"Il aceo_,. .....~,· .., ;",ute, TM.( 'ys+~""" C.."J"J1r of
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    AU: - pAY :O!) ..6H::. 0 ..fc.. -t~ c..o ...sf- .. t preUIA."e prOteJJ'.

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    UJ"", b1>' (I) :

    IT Code
    p1 = 50 II Ibf/in.2
    T1 = 700 11°F

    u2 = u1
    v2 = 2 * v1
    =
    u1 u_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) IT Results
    u2 = u_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2) T2 = 697.4 OF
    =
    v2 v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2) P2 = 25.01 Ibf/in.2
    S1 = 1.881 Btu/lb·oR
    sigma I m = s2 - s1 S2 = 1.957 Btu/lb·oR
    m = 1 II Ib U2 = 1255 Btu/lb
    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) V2 = 27.48 ft3/lb
    s2 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2) (jIm = 0.07611 Btu/lb·oR .-5--- «] t'v
    KNOWN: Two ;',t ... l.ded T".dCl eOt'l+Afll""'J 4'" at KI\OlAlJ'\ S+4+~J (H'e eOl1llee+~cl .,~ "'-
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    ~CH6MATIC T, Gol 'IE ~ 1>A TA :

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    Al,.,-t;I2MM,Vt:.. IT SOLUTioN

    ITCode
    V1 = 1 II m3
    =
    x1 1
    p1 = 40 II bar
    V2 = 1 II m3
    p2 = 200 II bar
    T2 = 800 IloC

    m1 = V1 I v1
    v1 = vsaLPx('WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    m2 = V2 I v2
    v2 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)

    m1 * (u - u1) + m2 * (u - u2) = 0
    u1 = usaLPx("WaterISteam", p1, x1)
    u2 = u_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    =
    v (V1 + V2) I (m1 + m2)

    u = u_PT('WaterISteam", p, T)
    v = v_PT("WaterISteam", p, T)

    IT Results - Alternative Solution


    sigma = m1 * (s - s1) + m2 * (s - s2)
    s1 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam",OO p1, x1)
    =
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    =
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    AS1:'U",,"PT/ONt: (I) T"'e ~yr~c"" C"'ow .. i"'. ~"e Q.ce._"."~I·"J f,',",,~ is ('o"',os#'d .f
    +wo tv'-,,! d·c",",,,: -rile ta. ... II'" so"" d""o'\K Ol'\d "'- 'rysff'WI +"'..., u cJ."'O~I 0... refr•.,-
    ~t'~-h'CI'" Cye.le. (t.) The c'(cfe c:Lue".",r.l e .... e,.'7 6:J It~A+ 1Y- JI-c~.t 7,,:-.
    ~'t31r:::'. 0) TIo1~ toFf d .... ""'t ~" ~ "".d./eG -'$ 0.1-\ ,· .... co"'"pr-tsr,.,e II'fllld
    ,."~,, i"-e, prope.f'h'e.r of l..u",,-te.r, The. ...h,lIti/ltUMCA>'litSf.IJ!e.t>'l be. is t'lC red.

    At-IAl.'1"SIS: A .... e."' ,'1 b •..t/ll."'c~ Sf_l (-W)~-~+ cC)"tJ" WI'I~,.-e, AU Is +,,~
    c:.""... ",,~
    C",,,, is i,i i"'h." t -e"'U'ty of ii\.e t,''lU'-c:1 "eC«4(s~
    lIfe.d. Thu.s, \with E'j, ~,z.o.... -1"""'- WOI't: ,'''\Ow(" 10
    ~tr].y(.\e:-.O o.",ol +"'1.

    el)

    L1~~ ~ -+ cr
    Tb

    I&)"'c,,~ 0 So I' C +"e ~ .. ft.CI''1 ck"'....ge


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    o? +"'-t
    .{.o... ~
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    ~c..u,~
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    S" b s n' Iv n''', E "I' (t) I·... 41.. E" (I )

    (-w) .. W\c:.lTb I.. !:s:. -+ ~ -7...c'] .. 1& r


    Tf

    C·W)_'" ':. e ( Tit J.... ~ .... 1.(. - r..,- 7


    WH ... c~ ... ~~::r/~,.t: f,._7 I,'e A-I~ o. .. d v~ I ~ ...ll, f,o ... T .. ",~ A.t..

    &Vv\...~ ':. [(O~~S11 ,~!~lJ( I e!;;X IO~:")(I;;;)]( ~,t~ ) [:l1! I" m a78.~f~
    -t #(

    '= e. ~ct I "J -<!Q---------------------


    A 10c.ClL~ecl behu~e.., 4t.u"t> +o.l'\t=.s) In,'+''Dolly Ol1e +AI'\#::;.
    4-"'-r-b,·",e.'-s
    l't f,'II~~ u.. .. +t.... ('-4e~"",,- Q"c:l -tk. D+f,o.e,- ,-r ~vacvcd.~d..
    S~tH"'" I·.s t:l If C1o.u e c{ +0 f low- +~I*O"'jh ~ +v-.rb.·~ e v.,./\"l
    ~v,'I.·bt"'''v....... ,'r e.S'+A.Io"'s"e~.

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    ~ ivc IV
    T__... -=rr
    I I
    I
    I
    I "Vi::
    I ICIIO ... a
    L _
    ASSI,,)'MPTtOl'oH; (I) T""--. ~)' s~_ ic t ........... '" lo~ +l...4. dAr&..acl 1'·IIIe. "",Ioo~. tl.) 14e..;t
    ..ty.().",,~ C4.I'\. Ie4 <.~) T~ iO\ih~ Cl.",c{ ~''''oA ,,+.r..-h.s
    "''44'ecl. o-ut ~v.·I."''',·u­
    t4-...-1~". Ai- +f.....e~l·........( .r+-t:... ~ ...-AS'.r of. "ok......... ~-\-o-.· ... ~d """'''l'w.~~
    4-,.w·b ... " (.... u (~~"'C-CllIIlA~c.h'l'\j P;P''''S c:..--. Io..c. i.,~.

    A~~'-'t"Sli·. AiI\ e"'-er'7 b,.,L""'c.e IUcLucer 't.. .6U~"''\J.Jj o,..'N"~""'(UI-I.(~


    w,,"... e, "'" '::. ~ • T~s) ~l'~ " ....... """ -\-..lt l -4!" ol-+.... , V.l~ "'7ocr·Cf kJllc:9 J vL: 0.0771 WiS/tc,j'l
    ~
    51 = ~.44"?. .a/~'·K,
    W:( /00"",4 )(:2.70'i'Cj. "It.) 9 = I';1.Cf7(~70t:t.Cl- £(2.) L<.J (I)
    \.0. 0771 .,.,.3/~ ~
    "TN ~' ........ ~~ .... ~.(. 1/'$/ \J ....... r.O

    [VA,+Vs] _ (.0.0771 - - e O,~+9/~s


    ) ( /100 ) (1..)
    ":1. ': . VA.+Va ::: '\S';
    I - - tc;.
    ...
    lOO
    V.... 0
    """
    A", e",~~ 10 ,..lo...,cc r e. we... t to 4S:: ~~-r)b -to 0-
    """($1.- s . ) =0-. C~)

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    Q.s,sv"",-s +""-- IIMAlI ..,rt ",/lo~~ v~ o.;;t ~ VD-\.I.t-Il'b V'2... ~l1e~(;,'1. 51'('2.). S,~Ce.
    CD lA. aJ'\cl S c..""-'"e .....:. ~ '4_ c{,ueehW\. .,..:t-~><~<:I v) +""-- Sl'l-.:-'J~ ~"""ed
    V().l..v.A. fov- 1./1.. c.o.... -.~polo'\.clr "'iu~ SI... tJ,.A.~ ~..u-e.d v~ ~ ~2.. S'O\CA... t;7"'~,,)
    Eti.(~) ~~e...:t....o+t.....* -¥-~",-OR·~IICl1.1..u..A. 1- S2. c..D1",..t~~ ti. 0"'::'0: 'i>a.:. S , '
    -rl-v p""...... ~-+-h. ') *""- .s+e-._ +~ ~ .f, ><e et ~Q: "2. ~.iq.iJ .... '3/1C'd) S1.:: (".4-4 b2. ~v IIC, -k.
    &?
    As +k.\; ~ p"".r 0 f 1'1'\ doe r'e..,cLtx. t ~1"-er~'~S I S co u .... b~ r4 ~""" e -To lAr~ (,ul·ff..,
    \-tr-. i? .....l...... s ~ t--..4l....t d..-...- t--.) :r'T..:o ~ ......" t 0 ~ CIt. 1:4 c 10 +r-'.., (..(, -= 22. 70 r:.J / t:s:j.
    Re. wt'-.~~ tc. e-~. (,I)
    'W'MAl' ': l~ClT( ~7C),·q- ~':1() );: s.n! '1-/0<;; #C.J" ..... . a . . - - - - - - -

    Th.&. f;J4cl.\ S+t)..te. v.:> A ~-p~ .Q..c·,v,c:l-Vrpot" ~~ve...


    WI"""'" T2.~ J17°C) pz.= l·g,SIoA." ~2.!:. o,g=t~/.
    =
    p1 30 bar
    T1 = 280·C
    VA=100m'
    VB = 1000 m'

    v1 = v_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)


    u1 = u_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    m = VA I v1

    W = m' (u1 - u2)


    v2 = (VA + VB) I m
    s2 = s1

    v2 = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)


    s2 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    u2 = usat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)
    T2 = Tsat]('WaterISteam", p2)

    Note: These are the IT results when the entire problem is solved using IT
    T2 117.2
    W 5.707E5
    s2 6.445
    u2 2269
    v2 0.8483

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    d\ recfi(JYl,
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    ,
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    -k .... p~r.tv ...c ,'s 16.

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    p(tll.tc -=l $1"'3'e. ,'",Ie.-f Akd

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    01)el"~S ~+ .s~~ sh..K. z.. CC.i"'tf,.·c.! (WJ-k *'I.+t.,J. -e. ~~ ~~eJfs <:.eMo\. Ia.t ,·,IA.f>(e(/.
    ~. 1-leA~ ~cv.c t-r Cl::.Cl.v..,t ~Iy ... t T e• 0 a ,lI"
    AIoJA~'(sls: A+ s~Ad" ~~1<.. J -1-"'- ~U ~",d ~/;\"Q.Od- r4k. lo,..la.f\(.OS Aa d..vc~ -to , .. ~

    CD We,,:. Qc:,.. -T ~ ("'t - ~'1-) -:: (4.'1. l t:W) + C~~8 'Sf) (3+B' ~ - "'z.) I ~ 1:'t,,1 (I)

    c..v"~ \1\1 is "Ie. A-'4. tr,w.. , ..


    €,.(.I) Skoc.vs +~ Wc.v i"'cre....~s 0..0 V\L..
    cleueQ.$.4s. To d~ ~.-.._ ~ S ...... L~t ..... llol.(,1('d V......v..... 111.) c..ot'\t.·~ tJ-v- f-
    e 1'\ ffo ~., ("I- +t 10 ~ (A I'\U) e..u '- eM I\..Q eoLv C.u a..b s ~'i ~ +-b +0

    0::. <tic" -+ ~('ll-Sl.) TicV' ~ S'z.=S, ~ ~~V ~ o-CII ('1)


    To ~ Tb ~
    The.
    s.......~
    h-$ cL.: ..
    SoL
    ,t",,_~~
    ~"-o..ui +""-0 "'1,.. uc:.r~"'+-CJ
    V .............
    ~~
    c.o~""S',..-.'s ~ (fi-cv 1M) '::.
    -.
    0
    ~~<lr~ ..." " "
    ~ e.,. (t )
    • ""fk...t-
    :

    r- ) <Jic:v 0.'2 "~I --'- ~.1.1 ~J/s _ = i. S~'4-, B


    '-~ """'" ':. s\ + ~:. ~ ~ ~ K
    e':~ ~X 8b'f:) ~tI'
    0 -.
    l-. Tb

    l.ul-\e-re 5, l.O fr..-'T~A-"I. T ...... .. ,..,..~/"O~J..'t\.j V~~


    ·'(.,2).....'" is .for SJU-f'·c. -«."'~~
    oi-)1-",f>-' h"a \.. .J-r,.O/A-h~""': T~ A-¥: (ha.J ......."':: ~2."<D "O/lf=.j - TN"'J Ef'(() 5/1,et
    (Wc.,,)~,,'I.:' l4.'2.l) + ('-S'8!'O) (,'3 Of 8& -32.~) = 10 Ie vJ
    PRoBLEM (;,.103

    lC.l')Ol.Ut-J: .s~'1- ~+#o.~ operahr\j d~,:+-"",- a.,..Co prOlf,'U<l for", ,.::u fc,..,..Io/l'lE. pDwer plal'lt.
    ;;tlV1): FOr~ ""("1"1 co...a... +rOIl\~ J de-k,.."""",'..,t> +~ ~/"""'_ +-L..A.o~P'e-t V~
    .f.., ~ Io'\~ ~ \OO~ r: +~ '-A.", /Q..q, c:Je v-e £0 p~ d.
    SCfTtMA'TIC, ~G' fI~ N 1)~7J'\:

    I
    ------ _...J
    Air 2 AI\'"
    1\: 0·15 bat' 'a:O.ClSbAI"
    1j ~ 1,5K 12== "'f-K
    ~1~3.Cf rVIJI.s.
    ASSlJMPT,Ok),s : 1,-;"'-'. CA", fv1:,1 Vt>lu-'" sL-l.U.... ~ -t"--a ACc.0"'1"iJ."'1''''7 sct-« IM-Q,-
    o~"t1'-4es A.t- S{e,.J, S~. z . I..&-eo..;' hN /&t- 70 ~"'-.A.. C41v\.lh--o 1 VlJ{ V~ t::J c.cvrr 01'\1y' ~
    1b. 3· ~:,c",d,<.)~-#e~hl-A. -e."'-'lr3"1 ~c.,fs CA'" ~ i'.. .
    'eu. 4-. ~~ ,,;. ~cia.RAG 004 -...-
    ;d.e~ ~a.S.

    AIVAI..'r'S'1 s : Mass (A.lI'tiJo... ell\.e.rao~ b.....Q.....\I\Uo rtt..~c.q, ca.b s~u, s-t»-ff -to rK..
    0;: ~·cv -'NCov -+ ~ l(~I-I-t~J -lo #~ i- ~21..) J
    =-> ~ (.'1 ~ cQ.c:.v' + ~ (~I - h a. J ( I)
    A", ~",~p, ~ "'",I~lI\~ .,..A:l i-kA.'i s~ "t~

    o~ ~ -+ ~ ('Sl-S;L. J -Ie d'-ev


    1b
    S'" 0 \ .... ~ -frv- atev
    Qt." -e, r:, Ib (S'~ -s,) - Tb cr"l:.v

    ~s ...... +....., ~~ "';-h E-,,\.(.I)

    ('l.)

    ------------
    IC.NowN: Ope1' .. +; .... " d... ~ ... ... ft. provl'd"cI +Or ....'" t.1~ctvl·C...,f ".fl·~+O~ 10(A1 • .I ..I'l ••

    i"""'t........ 01 ..('+ CAr .. 'j'·"~ 0.; r .


    ~/rJO: C-l~" t ,._f'.·~h~ J -lite: fyJH""'1 dc: of c: .. +t-opy pro,h('.n·o .
    ( ~ r te:
    (b) JO, A CO .dyO' "0 4' c:"clOf"", +"'t. 0. '", -lLt. e:I vcf A""t lokt. reH$+oWO,
    tl~ ... ,....;.. e:.\oN Vo'u_/V~c.. .[.10.... rAft AM" -1"'( t'Afc: 01 ~"'1t-o,.)' p,.odllt:h·"",.
    ~(If€AAAT'C ~I (;111& /oJ DATA:
    (ef'· : SO ok ...
    eur,. t: I S" AIM'
    AIR.

    ASSUMPTIONS: (,) FOr' p.. ,.-t, (6» ik~ ..tos.cI ~'1s~e.... C.O"'SI·S'tt of +ke t"4>r,:r-/cl.,. ,,11\/'1'
    l-lu.4 +r"!'\J.(.av: .fr..... .,"-is ~'1sko- -f.... ~~l' Plo.(~ 4'«. 7j, = 400 K()l"f°C). The s7JH .... IS Qt
    s4-u.d:1 3~. ('2.) Fi>,.. f ..... ~ c..>,
    t"'e. eOf'\tv-o'voh' .... e tt'\c.Loses- t",~ 41'''' I·.. ..,k~
    duc.+ o.lI\d -+"'~ ru,'s for. Qev=o A"c1 /l:.iOlCh'c ..... 1I pof,.... ,..·.' eJlc ...,y .tlcdl ....~
    ~f',\.",,,'e. ,.,,~ c:.clI\il-ol VD'u.... ~ ,.~ .. 1' sfe. ..ci; t+-.::b.. A.,. ,'s ....oJ.'.d&of "","·d.A"os.

    ANA'-YIIS: CIo) A".,. lit ..... ,,, ,. ... ie. bcdA"'C~ for 0. C. 'otf'O t:l$~,,,,, ...1: "/-tAd., It ... 1e..
    re ~\)Cf'C -to ~."C Q&V = Wc.v. '7", .......·s C.A$~ ~ eleetv.'c......t (po",<' lOr dOMe 01'\ tk-e.
    $'1 $-4e"'" • Wl'fk ~l~e" dA'tC.. .

    Wc..., 'l: _~)'lrlt : - (ISA"",,)(80~""")["k ~ 1:1 _'.1SJ(.W


    t. ,.) (oft...~j

    F=', .....lIy .
    - (-lo.7t")(W) ::. O.
    400 t<.
    01"'1' ~
    \<.
    - a:

    (b) ~ ... +k~ e:.c>lI\trol lI0lu ..... f .of S., .... ,,'I sf... 1e t~ ~"""')7 ,"'+c b.d~",(( rf!du(f'J
    ,-"t"- hs~cl A$Su ... p,,'Ol'l1 +0
    o 0 0

    o ':.~ - Wc.v ~ '"-l "',-1.,\ of' ~+ ,!J-Yf'l)]


    f..... ..:. u~""~ ....,,, .. ,I',.•J f,a- T .... lf A-"'},.;'2..
    So\", w-., 0.",4

    ..:... ':. ~
    _
    = _C-4.7SlC W}( IkJ/S!tefN) : O.t.7~ 1<.9
    "3-

    _-----
    .....
    .
    h\

    "10-11, [2.QU -111.2.1 K;r/lC~ T


    n-.e vol" ....._ tv'c -f-{."'V A...b... I,,~ ,''''J -+«-. ",-c:+ a..O +........... I
    (}.V-) I: ~~, ~ (AV-) I ~ ~ t!:~,) =(0. ('7~ 11)( :~~ ~~ :;')(2af#::)C'OI32S)(/tf"'/"'~)
    :0.55... 1M'}S ....,f---------~
    (A'r"),

    COMMeNT: c1- 0.('('0_1, .fo .... -t",c ,,,,.,,.,,,.,.,,'';'" 0" eleeh.·t.....t c",,"... ot ." • ..,
    :r... p ., ( ... ) I

    "k,.~.st" .. r~"c+.....e 'Z'", ,Art (,b) J riCo" i~cl ..-e"" ~.1k 1lte .. lee'""'·, ...1 '·".,..~lIof'rr"n·J'·J., .. ,,/I"~
    ;"..ctUf.I,i""'" 1 Ite..., ~"MJ +-..- ~- .., .... r.'lsf".. 1'-. "It~ o.i,..
    PROBLEM ",.IOS"

    lc:.~o""'N·. Ope("cdiV\" d.o..+~ ~ pro v.dcae:i +Or a.", ~1.ectvo""-4'CS e",cl(:)S'utl-E' Q,,;-
    S~-.cIi s·hde.
    FINO: Ft:>.... +~ c.o",,~l VOlv"",,~ of e",Q.~ ~8 cic-l-c ........... ..;c. f"'-c. ,..."t~ •(
    ~"'wora pA.OcLu~'*'·().,.. e.uhe", e)(.c'+s M' 32°e,
    SC.H'; Mi"\Tc( & c;., IIl:.u 1>1'\7";1\:
    0.1':"

    Sec. n" E i-. S


    A sS'u (\.1 P 7' 0 J-)S : \. S.e E~a.-''PLe 4. e . 2. T,"'-O v: ~ r"'- e '--~ ....;. p-- sru.rc... -h-""'-
    l '" Ie. t 1'b tiW.c'f. 0
    A...,A-l-'(uS: At s~cl'l st-a-te) '''''''-is ~d e..,~'1 ~ foo..l':VIC'f"/ ~cLue:tl. -to ~l'~
    o

    o ~ ,,~ ;.. 1M (s I - Sa.) -to ~v'


    ,f'~
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    ~11 : [ (- W'If) ] ( Cop ~~ _ R • {) ~ chv ':" (-WtV) J-. T!:.
    Cp{li-T,) 'I r~ (Tl.-l;) Tj

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    _A"-- a:"
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    PRoBlE M (..lO~
    l<"'OlPN·,Ope<c:L-\\",,] ei...-\-c.. ~re prol/l'~Ai'd for- co."" c.(~c-fv-o~c s e.,,\<:...losu,.e ""*
    ~ ..c;l"
    s*,.~,
    ~" Fi:n-*~ CoO'\~t Vol ... ~c. .sh.cioWII ;O\f'urckDW\.:t('c. de-f.e .... ""'-·II\(' +-~ ~ ~
    E' ... ~ro Pt\.ocLuc-n·ClY1,
    SCHfMI'\'T/C ~ <=.t\l\:fo,..) i>ATJ:\:

    ----- ,

    1j = '2.0~
    p,:. I IOt1('
    GwJ '= 7'1-./o'1-WtJjs- - - - - - - _.J
    1
    (fro"", SOol"h'OO'l To
    PI\ob. "I.TO)
    A SSUM PT(OIo.JS: I, T~ co.dotb \ VO(u~<. ~t....c.u6"\ i"" ~ sct-« ~ f'\ 'C. i S ~:t- S ~u&.r
    .s-h.k, "2. 1; ... ~ ~ h-o l v 01 l.J~ I Qc.v::' 0 0"" ~ P'1.;v P, . "l. ~'~ \'S \M.() ciA..t.a c!
    0..0 0. If' I c:l.t ~ ., t:l S.
    A~Al."'SIS: MA.s.r ~",cl e.1o'\+--,t') ("Q..k b",lo.",,('~J' ~C~ ~ sfc,..cL; r-(L;t~ -to
    c;) \'V-C..
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    j 'j'
    Or w.·t~ E"l' lo,1.lo..,.. ...lI\cl cl.,,"+--~o_ ?i.ble A-U 0

    ~v ~ (J>. V-), [ SO(T1,} - So otT, ) - ~ L..A(J


    '\.1", 7{f.
    ~ (A..,...), [~o (T,)- ':l°tT;) J : [(G~"~ ~~~~ l?" -(mrJ ~~I<.I :: I
    (RTa/', ) Z.t.'tT ":s' t::- •
    = 4. t5~/O -'I ~.... (J,,,
    K/Io30W,u: S~'1-S-f-.-k oper~-h'",,-, c:l~~ o.r~ p,.ov,.ded -fat" 0. c.ucdpr-Jtac. b+ec::l
    e,(,drot'\ooo1c's to t1.C '~I.ue.
    f=/fVD: De~rl'\Mjf\l" t'- ~ff' of ~"'+-f'':' p/LCcWcfa'Ov, wlf~1'\ w#lkr ~I·f.s <11 ~ °c.
    SCHtMitT/C t! ~/vtAJ DI'\ TAo:

    ----I
    Ll4u,cl Wt :' (0 "~/",,,,,,,:: o#tt.t.l k'J Is
    u.-...\-el""
    eft-laM p rOb'e"", 4, TO
    T2, = Vo,~c.
    _________ f
    P1-N~
    ASf"WVlt>7'O~S:- I· T'- c.er.m\ VOlUlNOo4 S~UI~ ,,,,, -TN ~c.~v.t6:h'a. is ~1 1~cl., ~+-.:::t..
    '2. r,.f" ~ C.o~"'ol VO(IJ/IIIJ) ~c:.v-:'O 3, Fi>r ~Iu I''ilj,-o wAHr; S':\'; ~.ft:T),
    A~Al-Vr,.r: MAsr A",d e",-tYopy ra.~ IoA1A"7fes fed.vce AT .s~.. d'1 ~f-D.-~ ~
    • 6
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    J' 1j
    Wi~ c! ",--'<-eo. fr- -rc.4.lA 1+. Z-

    (o.{~('1 \(.;) lO,?>~IY - 0.11.$ \ ] ;/K l : ~~.t I::'


    3
    <J"\I :: q,l{ v; /0 \co:

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    c~",,~lu oof PAOlole-. ~h7.3,
    F,,·.1t.'): De+Cr.-..'",<, ~ A..LJ.« of clI\tr-or'j ('1..Odvctwv\ wtu"", air ex/fr ~ 40°C,
    ~<. H fM ~ TIC .2 Got 1lf;1-J 7;)/t7!t:
    ~_~ _ h_A~ :.~~J~ J .!~ 2't81C(tS~)
    •
    I ~c.v: - 34W
    •
    ,
    I
    ·
    • ~ = ~Oll -,:; 'Is
    1"'"-_----.

    ASS\JMP'TtON~: ,. T""'-& c.e,,,'Ior-01 V()lll~ ~~Wi'\ ~ +t...A. of, , "",,~ .,; c:;..t t~cj( S~+E',
    2. l4-e-.4 tr"''''$W I...,
    ('0'" lIec.~·o.., f,o- -t"-'. c'j""' •• "" fo +~ f"'l"l'"'Dl"o",~·~,t Dccvrs
    lot .""", c..~'~ lb. 1, ~.r;! HA.tJt:l~/t!c1 A.4 A'-'''~ <14J.

    cd S te..d '7 st-. -k. -+0 j I ve,


    , -Q~'" -t- .... {rl.-sJ )
    0':. <i2c '{. "t' 'fto\ lSI - ~L '1 -t r:i-c.v ~ CiC.~ = To
    Tb

    I::. o· r. S- w
    ~

    IJ/s Jl'~
    cr
    ] II:: :r "w oJ J - "'''lI!!!J--_<.1/
    1C,f.K,
    k

    b-tO&'
    l<.t-)owN: 0 pe;-o.1(~ dQ,.~ 0.."".. P..ovl·d~c:l ~r " -h.v-loil1~ opeht1\l'\' 47- S-k-.":; ~~
    -ffo-. W"'-o:~" .s~A_ ts eN..tr"",,ie(:j ~+- CV\ ;i'\+e.-"""e~.....-k. P"YUUte..
    F=fi'JD: 'I» lir 1.::'190/0 ... +t"-4. +v.... ", .. e ~t·'t.J"'~~"""""""-A +t....AfJouAr cif.lIe{Q~t:i.
    ~cL -tN Y'A.oW Df e,... h-Dp.~ ~c:Luc:..-n·GM. (0) Plo+ +'v 1 u~'" h'Nes 6f /"4r+(40) V.~fl.lJ
    'I<~ ~~511'\.; fr""- 'iC> +0 tOO %.
    S'cl-l"tH,l\TIC ~ GIVEAJ 1>147",:

    .;., ~ 6tJ,ot>O '"'"


    ',::, 1000 '''flo'I/I''-
    1; = 1100 oF' 2.
    '2.= Jo.,"W....
    1i=,oo°F
    "'.. =O.2.~,
    S
    ASSUMfi''TIONS: (,) r~~ C.o.d"ot
    el+ sh .... y t+..H. (1.) 4~:. 0
    "6Iu ... ~ ~ko ....", 0", "''''~ o..C(o ....,. ...... ':1'''', f,',"r~ o,:;~"a '1.S
    ""... cl a:.,,,~ft·C. .... <I p,n.. 'It.' e",~,.,)' ./-1«c.1J .,~ "~"'''t''/ft.

    W• '.- •
    OW'" "'" I '" I - "'" l.. '" ~ - .... 3 1t3
    :: ""I U" - O.2.,,~ - C'''"1 J CI)

    Al/\ &",t-.-oP'l l"Q.tc. b .... l ... "'t'~ At S1e ...cI.., S+-.tct. +...-:~"'" +kt fo.. -
    . 0

    or
    0':. % J
    -+ ~,S, -IM1.' .. - ....IS" T ac.. .
    <rev:: '04 3 SO! -+ "" 1. S l. _ 1M I S I

    ': ~L ( 0·8"3 -t e .e s.. - s, J ('l..)


    ,~) lYo_ -r6,. WC A .tj.£) "" t ": 1S'~I.. i 8M./lh I hz. = '''''2.1 B~/'Io.J s, =t. "it>r 8 N 1&· Dtt,
    "',112=1- Bi14/lo'
    S"l.:::' '{2. fi.r ~=o.qqJ (.Utl\S04-+.... .(V-""" r...t..J,..al\-'lc- aJr' IHlill'2..
    ~

    ~1':. h,f-+Y1(I1'-"'f)- "~'''<f1'o.q'l((OSc.)::, loH.'18(l.J",.,llll


    OSs" ,~ .. ~1 ($' - 5'4-) = o.n't'-+ t>.~4((.~Cln)" ,.qS''1r Q",,'b'o~

    S"l.s ...·Iv+t ... ~ VQ.tlAf'.a ,'", eo". (I)

    Wc.v ~ SD/OOO I~ ['S',"1.'\- O.\(14211- fJ.?(lOQr.3&>] ~


    7
    ::0 '2.. t» 1'1. 't 10 BfrAI J, ......& - - - - - - - -
    lb> 'Da.ta. .for ..J..ke l"'~tt.(.I.~~ pJo~s Glre ~.(.~~~ usu,_." '~4~FDtlDws:
    IT Code
    mdot1 = 50000 Illb/h
    =
    p1 1000 Illbf/in. 2
    =
    T1 1100 II OF
    p2 = 300
    T2 = 800
    mdot2 = 0.2 * mdot1
    =
    p3 1
    =
    x3 0.99
    IT Results for X3 = 0.99
    mdot1 = mdot2 + mdot3
    Wdot = mdot1 * h1 - mdot2 * h2 - mdot3 * h3 h1 = 1563 Btu/lb
    sigmadot = mdot3 * s3 + mdot2 * s2 - mdot1 * s1 h2 = 1421 Btu/lb
    h3 = 1095 Btu/lb
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) S1 = 1.691 Btu/lb·oR
    h2 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2) S2 = 1.719 Btu/lb·OR
    h3 = hsat_Px("WaterISteam", p3, x3) S3 = 1.959 Btu/lb·oR
    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) Wcv = 2.012 X 107 Btu/h
    s2 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    s3 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, x3) a = 1.103 x 104 Btu/lb·oR
    cv
    7
    (x 10 )
    E.LOTS:
    2.4 -=-------------~

    s: 1.6
    --
    ::J
    iIi
    ~ 1.2
    i:i
    ·s 0.8

    0.4

    0-1---,--,-----,--..,....---.--,----.--,.----.----1
    0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1

    12000 ~---------------:J

    10000

    ~ 8000

    6000

    4000

    2000

    0-1----,--..,..---..,...-.,..------,-,---,--,---,----1
    0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1

    '-(10
    b. II'D
    l<~owN:
    S\-e...-Q.."s+"..~c:. Op~r.,.-h'n.~ c:L.... -t"'-. o..r~ provteU.c:l. -fq- "'~ t·"'r.... (Q+~d S1EAW\.-
    < ( o J { 'f ~ '-h t£... f,.,rl?,·ke
    ~,,"~,'... ~. A +W'l1'p'-~ 1,''1 v,'d- VAtUi'" ~f-,...r~ w/-f(... 11)4 , '7 X I .

    F/~t> '. plot. We" ... J <:i-~v verfut X

    ('
    I I ~
    V~ "JOOoF: I F\. = 1~7 lbfllk ~
    il\= 5SD\'!t ........ I )(.
    \",- "J

    ASS\)p....(Pl'ION~: (I) T"'-< c e ....t v-o\ Vol .. """e. .s!....4>(.<)"1 t'"" f'L....o -M'-;tAft is ...+ s~ .. d~ s+.,...1e,
    Cz) M -t1-.4.. ~d 1"'''-- .k<;,...... ~ o-; fy,,-Fk.~ ll'''Jutd- VDo./IJr w..i-x+v...r~ wi+<-' "'tvali+-' X. ei') ~
    ~ c."""frol VOlvlN1e Qcv ~O o: ... d b·kth'c/~o~""'·.....t e ... fI".J't C.~1('.J c:... .... 00(' i'J~m·f'd.

    Af.)A-I.'1S,,$: Re.O..u.~~ 'VV\~~S/e\l\W1", ~ t~+<-OP'1 r&C..k lcAl~\I\ces


    WC.V::: ~ (h,- ~'1-) ,) ere-V: ~(~,.-St)
    FroiV\ .s+c.~&/I;\ +"Io/.c. e!Q.-k:.. J hi ':J3S'3, 7 f3Nllb S,:: 1,$987 8~/",' -te, h..= hf+)C h~,,:
    J

    18D.2.J.X(Q7{),4), Sa..:l ~r')(.5~':& O.3/~1 ~X(/,14+"), 71~

    Wcv = Cl ~)(l3~J'"7- 19l12.-Q70.4 X)(~) :: [i/7J,5- Q70.i";X ] SSN.. (3)

    o-ev ~ (I
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    mdot = 1 I/lb/s
    T1 = 700 11°F
    p1 = 550 Illbf/in. 2
    =
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    x2 = 0.8906

    Wdot = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    =
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    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


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    =
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    s2 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2)

    IT Results for X2 =1 IT Results for X2 = 0.8906


    h1 =1353 Btu/lb h 1 = 1353 Btu/lb
    h2 = 1150 Btu/lb h2 = 1044 Btu/lb
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    W
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    0-
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    ANAL.YSIS: Ai: Sfe.d, s+.. ie. ~I ~-.l.t1.:~ I Q,,,,, ... '-0\'''':1 ,..... -k """"'",cc. recluct"f c.u,........
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    ASSUMPTioNS: (I) T~e e 0,", ",,"0 I \101'1 .... :show:o"l ; .. +~~ f.·,l4,e oper.hr ...t:- t ....~
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    d.~c.Y..
    crt" - yf• + ~.~.
    ..... +
    ~
    t:i-ell'
    T.. ~ocl.cJ","'ke ........CO ""... u .,... +~ 1o ... 1.. ",~ ' ... cl "",,".~,.• .,,."j
    ~:: t.:'~.. ~ rrev ::!!z> ..0 ~ ..v::
    dt clt:
    5~. I
    · d'"'c.. + ~v ~ ~ ~cv: S... ~"",." "'" <r'e..

    As .fw,.,- "'; , s~ re. ............ .s CO"UH. ... + du,.... , t ..... pA.o'.rr. The"" , ....c. ........ +... ",It ,'r i",,·ti.. ,1y
    e'l",e\lQ.te.cl I ~~c.v ~ ""'~~~ J .0-....,,:: ""'1.. ~.. t.rH",,, +".f~ e'IC"""u,·o",.s 4l'\cl SoI'I""',
    ~Y' t.... ,,-......+ o~ .... toroPY p¥'04~c.c1 ~

    GCv'~ W\2,(S1,.- ~.i) ': (~)( ~'L - S.i) (<.)

    (~) po: 100 haf/.·" ~ fi"o_ -r...&-l.t. A-'l-E at 100 Iltf/i"l..} 4-S'b°F) "'..' ~ Il~3.<O i1I1t-"".
    Tftc"" u..i-h... 1.Iz.. ~ 1'1.)).C.I ..... //I.:» ) t.d-er..... {~h·""'" l..: 7'... 1e..t..A. A·"I~ -t- 10c> t'-f/.·" '-
    ,..~ T~ -.: '102.°F J Sl.: ,. 8 0 4 , 8 .....llb·y~) "'l.
    ~ ".f'f':f ft 3 11. ~4
    ~l'\cL S....: fr-- T~ A~<.le A.:r /00 Ilof/.·",~ 4rb°F

    V (S1-$,,) -: /1
    U'~
    ~tJ
    l.'.t'l.i ft3/1 b)
    \(10 eo~ -l.b8I t) ~,tO. ~ O.OI&"8~ ~V
    I'"
    °e

    705 ~---------------,

    700

    695

    690 --I-~-.,..----,--.--~---r---r-'--r-T--,----r-..,.-,----r-l
    10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (lbf/in.2)

    0.02 ~---------------,

    0.015

    Ci
    --
    0

    iIi
    ~

    0.01

    o>
    b
    0.005

    0-1-~--'----'--'--""""'-'--'--'--r-T-"'-"""'-"""""'r-T-I
    10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    2
    P2 (lbf/in. )

    b- 131.-
    F/t-JD: PloT r"'--'- +A.I'\/C. -l e ....... p.U...e...ft..l.,<. a.,' r- I.I..> .. +L......., ~ +e.." ~/
    0.. ...... 1.11'\+ 1> ~",hoPl' 'P,,"d.tJc~cI P <.10 bAr

    "S c~,\:r\.-(A: TI C':, ~l V't "'"' 1) A fA:


    Su..pply ll~e

    -x i·.... lly <..vQ.cvA+td


    +-. lCJ V::: to ...J
    \
    \ ~h.-k -h 'lCeel b~ PJ T
    ,.. ..... I

    AS.ru""PTION~: (I) "Tk~ <:4'",,+rv1


    -- - ,/

    VOlVlNl<. ,'t sL..oe.v1'l I'''' +~ ""'""'ave -f,·,v.,.e. ('to) 'fbr-t~


    CoV\t..-ol volv""""-t , Q<:.v ~o ,C>.l'\.<:i. t::.i"'e.h·clpo'l-fI4/l"~ ~IH!t"'7 ~f-~c..t! a,.~ IH'3'"·,iI,le. (~)
    'T"'-a ~-\-t..·h 0f-~ ~.r-. ~.·t~ . . "" +~ ~v..pply 1'l1e fe-Ai,...,!' (.Ol'l"+--,,,t· (4) TI--f /MArl IJf
    0..'''' \.U.·tM", r""- P'f''''S Cc>",,,ec-h"V\, ~ t .... pp1y /,~ Aft<:! -fr,./I\t:.. ~ k 1·.,~y'E'cl.
    ( 'S') h. r ~ \N..t) cll2 (..ed 0.<3 0.,., ,, f/..u.J ,&<.I (JI .. ft,.", CJ!J VI s fr...t t' Pe ~. c Nu:;t- f2I In> ~.

    A~A\..."'SI:S: Po.r-.lle.ti""'" +""'- Q.flpl.'CQ.1-l·o,,", ~ N o.",ci -e"'-'l"''y 1o ..... 1A."'c.E'J' ~ C:xQ,""1'le 4 . 12.
    blA.Jt ....,....."'- W<::,v=.o,+l..c I\.As ... l+ &.0 ~<'T) ':. h(T ) I wc.e ... e, T...· .. t""'-4. ffi? ....... pe r»; f,....y-t' "f+/..-c....
    o..\r ior.. ~ r ........p",Iy ....t..."l~ Q.'" d T toO -t~ +<e_p~'(''''-4- w fe w,'+",-<", +~ -I-4.... It:... Fl:... 0.1"1 ..,:ci..-,.(
    ~Q..t 'tI,(T",)-= u..l1'''')-t-RT~ ) SO CTJ-::. u..(T.... )~ R,'T.-\ • us; ... ,.-.:u-t "jQ,S n:.lo.fl·ol'\,s
    (ASSUW\\'J~tI\'\5"): t.I.(T)-V.('.... ):. c l:i-7....J ) R,-::. erev ) +""-'S j,'IM'J
    (I)
    T= I<.. i....:
    -rk ...+t.O, t"-c. +e ...... p4 r- "'{.....Ye of f(.....c. 4;'" l.N,.+t-.. .... +"-..A.. +co..... ~ is o: CD .... r~ .. T i"'c1~,Hlo\~~ .. t "i
    t''''-- ~Sl",,-r~ ?
    vs ..... ~ ~...:~ ,~r ~'lUA-A·olo'\ 1> st.......c. I t(,..A _Sf tit- ~ ~il"'" UOO',.+<,....'" +~
    ~ ... Il; v..
    s: <50.14 r) 1::.'

    S4l\l'o"'P'-~ C-4,-CcALATfON.:I! p= (0100.", r"'::' E.,.(I)J 1= 1·~1 (S"oo~):: ""Sic::.


    e.. (I.) ~ I lies I W'\ ~ $l:).14"~ IE., t'3 \ ~ \_ \ r -= ,~. i'1 /<::.:r,
    c.v K.
    PflO&£;6M ". I 2 ~ ( CQVt-f'd.)

    To ,elAemle ~ ,fOr' -#1Afl r~l.(.,v<d flolsJ we use. J~ as follows:


    IT Code
    pJ=10 II bar
    Ti = 500 II K
    V = 10 II m3

    cp = cp_T("Air", Ti)
    cv = cv_T("Air", Ti)
    k = cp I cv

    T = k * Ti
    IT Results for p = 10 bar (r = 1)
    r = pI p_i
    =
    r 1 c p = 1.029 kJ/kg·K
    k = 1.387
    v = v_TP("Air",T,p)
    m = V Iv v = 0.199 m3 /kg
    m = 50.26 kg
    sigma_cv = m * (cp * In(T I Ti) - R * In(p I p_i)) T = 693.3 K
    R = 8.314 I 28.97 cr cv = 16.91 kJ/kg·K

    1000 50

    800 40

    600 30
    OJ
    ~ .>t:.

    f- E
    400 20

    200 10

    0 I
    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
    P (bar) p (bar)

    20
    o bsevve :
    .. The fe..'N.('erqJure. ciA ~ ftA.,Jk ',{ ~
    15
    • The. \N\~S llAc.atl-se& clc,;"~cf4t W'l+1A
    ~
    ....... ttw-k. rY("'~l,lfe .
    ~
    ~
    10 • ~V"-e. \!
    Y\i\Ore e~~~ tfO~~
    >
    0 ets ~ ~('e~~\A"C2 I ",c.r~ses J tt&
    b
    e~fecl-e~.
    5

    o 2 4 6 8 10
    P (bar)
    -'k
    PR.t>BLE~ 1s>.130

    j<I\JOWN: 4 +-0>.1"\1<. IJ',.'h",'I, f,lIeci t.u/1"'" a';'" /s evc<("u,"- f~ ci kJ,::; pUi,v'P,''''3


    r-= tI...JD: 'D~.j.~ ........... "Vl e+t...~ ~ ..,,<...,v .."" -ftteoVe.f,'L&<.( work' ('~"t;"I/-~d.,
    '5C1*t..M /,.-ti c ~ ~'11 E (\.J ]) f\ T 1-\ :

    Wh
    I Y= lS'O "t
    I T::. lOOp:-
    I 11=
    '
    10.+.....

    =--:=-::=-:=--==--==-==1 ~ d-
    ': -
    ;-----
    -- - ---,'I-----@

    -,
    '-l-' f'~: I .. t ....
    'Te=-10 "F

    f\S~uMD'TtON~: (I) ThO' c"Vlfvcl vctVlN'e I'~ s~


    .f,'S\A.rc cz) H-(o..1iY-a",d·e r:
    <...u.... ,"'I +£.te..
    ~1~",-tkQ. <;;:UVol'OLl"'~V\'j.r W1.A,,,,,k,"1j' th~tew..p~rC<.tv../'e of th.e cur /'VI.+tt.e +-..<«:
    o.-c.( o..+-*''''-t. ct t s c..k o..rC\ (..o~ ~""'e. ~'-""""\=> (),"\-"l 0 e> F. (t) k\ .... t.~\c. (A......a ~a'\-e.......\,.(.~l ~ ..... o.~'-I
    c~ec.(..s co.'" b-e l,,_e>re.c{. (1) Re. a.ic- t s ~C)d..e.l<..ol ().~ (A,I'\ lo\.e.ct.l ~o..S.
    ANALYSIS: A ""'"""$" b,,-l"\.V\c~ r<t..<1c..tce.r -to dlA-t/d;;t= -':;"e.. AV'\ e."JO-"7 i:Je-: t..... ce V<>A.dJ'

    dtr/dt =. cQ + W,'., -w,<e,he.. U""bt ........ ,,"':5 i-heSe ~'" p.-<s.r,'ol/\s


    (t)

    Av.. e",fv.".y>J io.... L" .. <:J< re~d..r ciS/cit"'" Q/To -;, <2 Se f- ~, W,·t~ -~ e = dWlJ d:t

    dS_ CQ -+- Se dM -T q- .~ .d S ~ ~ +- ~LlW\ + CJ <:2)


    cit 10 dt '0

    \N,'" = ~ '-.T - Tc:..6S + To 'Se-O 'W1 - h eD W\ ~ 100-- i)

    <! - TD~:-I41ISI) .... To s , L;r::""" J


    /

    :. V:U"L _W\ I U he ~l -/oti/)t To q-


    := vn I To ( s, - Se)-\- ..;"., ( \.t e - u I) -\0 To \ I
    0)

    s,.. . ,e.-t ........ s{.v..4s o.('e. t~ S."'lM~ ..i.",d-,-.dl, Il-"'ci o...b +'<-'-'- ~i't) Sj =S€.. • A-I<;o) w,;tlll l-te::.u.Q~fleU-e
    (he-u1)'= <YE'-UI)+P~ue:= r<alTc) ..c>-'l'\(J. Ti:.Te, (,,;I+"{~"""') "t/,(3);Utk"Ct><:: t:L

    "T\ou. <;;rec.<~·c:... VO/U/M€.. <>.i- 'r4, <iVl<:,'t c~ t"-"- So. .... e tlS tlAe. ,I1A'f-,A..{ rp-e(.,'p'L vo t o w-». ,.... f-V<...
    -\v.,..-\<) o:.... d s o V~ """,,\Je·

    l\N;"')i\.t/tJ -=. Pe V

    :: 04_7)( 144- 't/;)( l~()~ 3)l7~i3~f )


    ::e t{ ~ CL 1 KJv-
    kNOWIII:
    COt. co"........ cI i", .. ,.do" c" " . . . . .'J c.o ... r"~sSeci i'~"'ffOp •• C.,''1
    .fv.o_ "" "p~c.~·.c1 l StAt io " ~pu.~·.cI h'"'... I p.~Uu'-e.
    ,\'l.·n·...
    F''''l) : Uu"" -fov.r tll~~""'Cll...• .. e .... ,.I'I'c:,.ck~f I t."".luc.... _ +"'-e h'",..1 P... ~lHI ...C. A.. d
    tkc. wo.. k.
    r 'IVE N DATA:

    "i~e",o
    fl'to
    J
    ...
    o.?allar
    :--_ ... -.
    : <0
    I'Ll
    '
    T
    'Z.I~
    T,'" CIccI< I• I It
    ••1
    T~:' SfDQl< , 7,

    s
    A~UMP"'O':"S: (I) As .k ., '''' i"'" f,""'i"fl ""'t Iy sh ;s "'he COt. ,_s. (1) COl. I"

    ""'o~elllcl ... , ,·d~ \ "CIIt. h) ''''ere ...... 90 10\0 sl, F,·c..... i


    ...... t'.1·.,fft.( d .. p.I ... .".• ,
    el\,l"C)Y .f~c.+S.+ Tka r>- ...~.,s 's '$,.,,1"'1'y\"(' J AO'\.cI -t~ CSl.='O.
    o
    I.lIJAl-VSIS: A", e .. ~...,y 1o ..., .."'tC fetuu·,r"e. A.U::~'W~ or W .. -.A"V" •

    'N-: -V\ tlA:''S,-Ci.,) (I)


    \N.'\-", ""'« "e...l SCo.' ., ua+"o", • f 1+."+..

    p~
    ~
    0 ... '$oCT1.) _'t0CT,) - I \... ~ => l... !!:. 1°£"1'1.)_ ~·l1i) e 2.3'.'61- 'Z.l.S.'Uf' ~ p,,: '.""6~ b.,.
    ~, p, II t·114
    ........u. i·v.... ' ...., .. ee f r _ T ...IoI«> A-U.,w.·,t.." 't4 VA''''-'t -fv.o.... .,...... s.......t: '0....", '1.,.(1) ,iwr
    w
    -
    'W - -'''.01.
    ~
    Y. 10·" ........ , )( 'S7'" - lo;04'-).!l
    , ~~,
    =._~.,4(,~:r .....
    (c) K ~o_ T.. blt: A.1P ..t. "'So K \ k: ',333. lite. IU~ss"r~, hd it: ....p f t '...io.'~s
    E,. ".45'. i........,
    "",., '.1.3K
    p~:!!:)
    ( 'II!') P.. : 11$60 ) .:a33 ~ Pz :' I.le blV"
    P, T, P, '"400
    Us,'", E 1.3.47" 0 ..... _.1 ..,. 11' ....., I t\.(l) lJ~ee ..... t

    W =- ~(T'l.'T;):'
    IC-I
    -(Ci.0u. lo 4 t: ...o ,X.f.J /f
    O.'&.J!
    ~/U'."k) (~"O-40o)"~-S:ISIC.J ..
    ----

    (ell k fro- TAble. A-'20 ~ 3oe>l<: Jo. I.loSS. T.....,., tr.. pArt (11)\

    ~ ('I\.)"c-/ '.'l.I4I. z 8t
    J:\ & 1. ..t> ~:. (~ > Pz.:' t. ~ S I
    .... bAr- •__- - - - -
    CD

    (b) IT Results W = - n * (u2 - u1)


    n = 0.0009021 kmol IT Code u1 = u_T("C02", T1) II kJ/kmol
    V1 = 110.9 m3/kmol u2= u_T("C02", T2)
    V1 = 0.1 II m3 v1 = V_TP("C02",T1,p1) II m3/kmol
    P2 = 1.766 bar
    W=-5.144kJ
    p1 = 0.3 /I bar =
    n V11 v1
    T1 = 400 II K
    T2 = 560 II K s2 = s1
    s1 = s_TPC'C02", T1, p1)
    s2 = s_TPC'C02", T2, p2)

    l·
    ~: A~,. e~p .. ",ch iU .. 'tw-op.·u"}' T" ' ....... i-w-...."e. ..1' S..... d,:, (.o.-te.. t.-t>_~ 'p""·f.·ed
    j,,\e.+ t+..-+~ +0 ~ .pe&.&· f>·.ci f ra~.
    LotCI", t"..~e.. .. H~""","'''e .. I",. OAC.~J d..kr_....e. +,,~ _rt,'" pI'\f'UUor.. .. ...cl +ke
    IPDroC clcuc.lo p ..cl pt.... u ••·" $f- 0...... flow """rJ'

    S<:H."~~" ~ ~, •• N J>"T", T r~~

    ~'R ..
    P,: ,,,..,. ~ li.
    T,",.,oOK
    AS:C"'~P'tION~: l') 'T"'e.. +" ..Ia t"to. ,'s ....1- c+...... ~ 'i-.... tL 0.",( "'''e ~lCptl\"CI'O'" ,'c ,i,.. tr.,.·c.
    t-z.) II:..'",.~~ ClloM poi.... +i a ' '''.'''j)' C "-a"teJ +1'0_ j",let +0 ht,'4· C",,,, lit. ",.".c....«I. U) ,ti,',.
    \. ""••• leel o.~ ,en.
    ClI.... i de. I
    ""'''L'tUS: A+ st-e......" s ...... +~ ..:.. I 'll. ~ L '.:. k. .... t. -.... .. "e r ,y rate.. "ClI.l.. "c~ "c.4.uc"J +0 ~/''e

    tAo) "T.....,.. A~7.7.. w.·...'" "', .. "d "'~ ~o_ ... "' ~I 6,. h) ,;".,

    Wc..,: (11.,.07- '713.17) l!.l '1.8 rc.3/t:ClJ ...


    "" , • -.J

    'T1II.e. ... c u \A.f'c t ..... ci +........ t> .. +...t'u a. ... "t I hcl '"'a Elf. b. +3 I ·c" ...,f ......"-' ~...... ~ ~"It
    tu....
    ~".J

    f\.: p. ( ~:: (. bAr (m.): I.03~ 10..,.. --.---------

    (G) """0.... Ta"'eA-'2.0tl\'t' qOO~: 11;" I.J+i • W..~'" 1:,.3.4'7", I E,. (I) be_....."

    Wc., = ~ (i,-Tt.)
    ... I(-l

    : (1-'5.... \( t .WV~"47) (It'IIt,.k )~\\Oo '70~) J< ': ~48.S t<.'J/r:J ~~~ __
    O·l~

    "T/I\. p~I'J,u.'u o."ol \t "'" ptt-a4u.'rr 6"t. te.I ...hcl Il~ E,.6."',}-;'Tlw.tf

    ....

    CD
    -.
    We-v _
    ~
    ~('T.-T'l.)
    t>-\
    = (•. 4)lt.'1I.. tU.1'1)l\lo«>-70 0 )
    0.'1
    ':. 4ol.i 3 --.-----
    IC.j/ rc

    (.b) IT Results Wdot_cv = mdot * (h1 - h2)


    h1 = 1161 kJ/kg mdot = 1
    h2 = 713 kJ/kg
    IT Code =
    h1 h_T("Air", T1)
    p1 = 6 II bar h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    Wcv = 447.6 kJ/kg
    T1 = 1100 II K
    p2 = 1.034 bar T2 = 700 II K 52 = 51
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    fRO~t~ ". \33

    "~OVJ"": M.e.-H,.,",e. ~,."s 1A~~oes ().\A LsEW'-~~lC. ~P(A.~SlO'\o\. from ~ ~IV~ ;~il-IA.(
    sWe to a. f.t,1A~ 'fo..fe e;..-/- 1j P:
    fltvp: LtsilAf +~~ La~ ~4.S V'f\ocie.\) ~ ,.LT) G:l~ f.rCSW' TClbl~A-:l')
    eteAA~\M""e ("') p w~ T= 5001< ~ (10) T w~ ? = 1 \owr. Ckeek. \Lsi,! IT
    SC l:H~JMM1, Wt:> "l V~ 'J)A-'\(r: J I 'P.: 5 l>Nr
    T, : 1000 )c:.
    ASSUMPTION>: T~~ ~e.+~~IU. Ci.CM be
    (I)
    Mo~tfe.&-t a..s etCA ideo1.,Q.s. (2.) T; ~ Tz. ave
    fke r,,~<z .fw wlA.tc1., ~
    I"", ere,) eta-Nt ,'""
    TcJ,le A- ~'2.. ~V'e Ofpl,·(.aMe..
    S
    ANM,\{SIS: W~e~ &~P~~fut (}Y\." M.olo-Y'
    7 _ .\
    ' JA..s~ et · &,,~
    I .be,~ .ftrr 4b.:o
    0="£Tj ~dr-~~.f..
    T ~

    w~~re #e i&o\+~V",(:kQ-.\ l~ ~efvJee.~ ~te I CT,;,?,) ~ i:l see~ 5'~i:.e.


    e..)cpr.et;seJ. C"TJ p). w,+lA e,..
    A. t-rOfY\ 1A.1o~ A'~l: ~ ... R (0( +-\lT~ ~\'+ ~i]""ET"]
    ~ ts e\' rY'-e'~'S l eM 10 t.c..crMtooS
    T
    Q,v.f:.JI T,
    [~+~+<YT+;Ta.+ €-'T~l&.T
    OV"
    k{ : 0( QM (~,) ... ~<'T-T,) +- ~ (T&"T,?) + f(TJ-T,J) + : <'''''~''T,'') (,)

    (Go) ..M-J.. ~ 10): rl( (I) C~ ..be ~ ol"ed. ..fov- r ~~"'\ ~~ ~ \~.(/jVo.. t>< +ov 'T w~
    r rs fi \ V.tM., T\.e. tollow \\t\.j \.T c..o kill ~+-roJes ~~) V.SI ~ ~ ~ ~
    Coe.~c..\ev.ls olJ$Jr_~r ~OM TCJble A. -2.1'.
    =
    p1 5 II bar
    T1 = 1000 II K

    In (p I p1) = alpha*ln(TIT1) + beta*(T-T1) + (gamma/2)*(TA2-T1A2) +


    (delta/3)*(T A3-T1A3) + (epsilon/4)*(TA4-T1 A4)
    alpha = 3.826
    beta = -3.979E-03 R~SL((4-s ~ (~) T = 500 '"
    gamma = 24.558E-06 II P =0.03825 h"r-
    delta =-22.733E-09
    epsilon = 6.962E-12 (bl T
    C. b) p = 1 loo.K'
    II T = 821.1 K

    (C) 70 cl-teck ~e.se V"~Su.L+s I w~ ~.1e.. +lA..t 5':. S _ Tr (" Cl44"J T J p) t-u,nck'01'S'
    ~ H.. I "-s tollo w s ', s = s1
    s1 = S_TP("CH4", T1, p1)
    s = s_TP("CH4", T, p)

    R~su H..s : = =
    (c) T 500 K; P 0.03818 bar (c.)
    p = 1 bar; T =821.2 K

    l. No~ f'kcd- +t...e rQ~u(+S t.\s i 6\.j f1,.e. 1·"Cfe,rVlA.f t-«.nc~~ of IT" ~ usi~ d.~
    -froW\ To~le A-4\ c.8r~ \tA..l.te well \lA '''~''''l~ c.fA.S,e.
    ' ... (3 i
    'P1201Sl-EM ','34
    I'N OWAo,)~ A"r eM caot icl~ ., AT ~'T"" COl1sta.,.j Sp""'" kc~1 rv. no Ie e~ I',v.d.s t'.t~ .. tr-",. ~
    f,o-. f>IJ T 1J VT +0" (&'Uffc,v.- B..

    F,"-'O: (0.) f}e"t1op -." ~'JYPtrif1t4 fo~ t ...... k i f /oc..'1t, iii.. "It '0\ ~~-J , "Jt,'1i;7i'Pn Pz.
    (II) Plot 'Ii. Vt>.. ,c.e.1 P~/P, frv- S~/~cf<C(V"~I' k.,"Vi J AA.a 7j
    \ 1',
    'SC\04e"" ~"'tIC. .j ""~N j)~7~: Tj

    T
    V"~
    --_4_---1_- ~

    s
    AS.\:uMP"'tIONt: (I) Tlote h t , .... , ,'0 .. +"',. , '" ... "'e "oJ3 'e. ,'t ir.", ""'op ,'e:. C,t) Tlot.. -ule.
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    C:'W-..lc.v) ~ C:\iJ".,/~ )s :: 1~/S'lf·h.'J/tj)= 41.'l~ ~ _-e:aQ-.--_ _


    ... V\c.. "'--0.7)- 1=1
    C1".+-'Ol\ tl) Q.tl~wt \"'1.. to b~ ~II"(U" he:! :
    4\.:. Jt, -I- (-w",,/... ):: ~4+.~ -+ 41.2'1= ~"'2..11<-':J1/:.~

    ~: S~eA.lY-$+A+e ope('o.-n·V\:J t/o..1-c.. eVe. prov't'ded -for "'- c-o""'f""Uu<rr·


    \)e+er ........ "'( -rlA..t. -k........".er .. ..,............ "1J ~ 4'.- 0..+ ~ c.o~~$fN'" ~it:-' 0..",<01
    -t"-" ~ UQ e ~ Wt> 1'':1 P""-" ckr c n u", p~,... v.........r 1 ~ss -ri..QlJJ;i\ J'
    ~~6 "" "'''TIC ~ '0'''6 N 1>1\7'A:

    AIR.

    T,';,40°F
    f,:. l .. +""

    ASSu~~T'ON$: CI\ T"'t C.--,H • .uor op~,....1.. s /lid s1~ ...II:J It- ... ilt. tt) He...ftrcuu/-e,..
    1:1'-+101".'" +kt ce.... "I'~UO'" ""d +""~ r"rro".. J,·""f C"t'\, • • l',,,ot,d cl$ Caft c",.'VItJ~S ,'..
    t. cn't ..... <i poh ...." .. l -e,,~\"'J>' fro...., I'"lt~ +0 t:~"f., C3) A,,, c.... b~ "'od~/Il' ""J ill'"
    <D ~dt l ,At·
    Ar..IAL.'rSIS: A+ SoH~)' S-+--+< --'U _ ... c:/ 4!..,C!'''''S.j t'"""'+~ bA.'A"'C~~ c;"vC!' f-r"'l...4...
    o..c ""-..J. c..""cl \~~ ... ~'c. (.»~ ss,' ~ "~l f' ~C.M· ~

    f ~) ~ '" t - ~. , ( - ~" \ :. &., 1. r - ,., I

    T .... '~."'~l"'" c c.o~SSUY -t.ff:p'c..\.V\c~ ~ ,'"U"" te..., (3-,. ~.St1:


    'r\c.'=- (_ v c4 .;,. ) £ -::. 113.\- h, ~ l-l1. '=- '-'I + (41.\-1,.) <'1)
    (-~':/C''''''") "'to -"". Ylc.

    fYCI_ '1o-4a.L A·z..tE~ SbooR j h,:: 1'~.4~ ~+----I/Ia. j ........ "1 uo.~ (;"7' (,.43

    (Pr)u~Pr{P;'J: I.OS'~OL8'·.CoJ= q.IO'T'4~ ~= '2,2.1.,,1.., €.,.(I) t""':'


    T1
    ~l.- ~ \11,4~ -+ ("Z:z..I.t,.l.- II ,,·4&) = '2.,"0. q ~ ~ ~ T'1. = 'O~()t>fl-( ''2D°F) c-d!t---
    Ib
    O'TI~

    l'-'\...A s S' 0." ~ e-.~ ~ "'" (<< t-1 0-.» I\.D.LA.> c e io r lI-f
    Vw,-Jr,... ~.,. G>~/o..

    ~tc.o'ELE M Co ./5'
    KNOu,It-): ~-k.-l., s +..:tL CoIP&{4to /-;V\j ~o..-f-e.. ar« pr()v,d~ ferr ~ aIr c.o~~.
    E/lUi:): 1)~-k..........-. +..... r-o~~ r: Q,f\d rAft ""'r""*
    ~"fl"f>(J::1 y~cl.uc.h·~ U1,.""" 1
    if.) T .. Dle> A·~~J (,6) ::z:. T, (C) COl'\.rf.~",+ t:':' ·~Cf.
    ~C::++~J..H't7IC ~I (;,vt:N "D1\7,4\: 4\)...r
    ,..

    A·UIJM.p,,'OM~: (I) TI- cOVl~1 volv"",;c- ~ko\.A)'"


    t", 1'-"'-' ~'j\M...t. ir .....t s~d..::1
    'S+-o...+~. ('l.) ~,. vo(u~,1
    o..",d 't:.I'",e+,'c./ ro+e"",.",~ ~""""Y
    +/...Q.. c..o",-!v-ol Q,cv:..O
    ~ds Co6-""- lc. \~\'\.Or~d. l4) ~ir';" """'-ou...t.L.d 6.-0 a.-.. ,.c:l..a..-t. ,~S. Fbr -..0 (v 0'''''''
    ~t-t'-d (G.,) ~ rr-lle... '"f'c..
    ~ I\.o..h'o 14 A.l~ c.oV\d~"..-t./ k::./,B'l

    A .... AL't"'S.&:: R~cluc-h'~ of \llA.AS1' J ~"t.er~YJ o..,.tl e",-Ivo~ !?,..lo.VI".e..r l"oJt+"'.


    +~ ~ tv-e '" 0.. S S"UlN\ rh'o ",r "Q'.Jt \ck
    Wev ': W, ( !-\l- l-h.. ) (I)

    ~" -:.. ~ (so.,: SO,l (2..)

    (~) A,'("T,..hle A","~\'1 St'S Co."t:et...- ~cJlr~ 1-2s . w:.fh. do..4-"...


    # +t-- "T.....e....t.. ,4-,L
    hi:: 3~.4-~ t=.'J/~1) sO(T.)= l.8'S70<5~::r//C1·/CJ "'.... J
    P..... P,
    1> _ = 14- b~I"S )(1..37"1') = q. nc..
    2.S - "'Pt
    ' ' -j l"~ I l:1 bM'"
    L' • 'T~ A·1.1... "Jl->v,...., "'2.S = 5:24.'i'it=:JllCj .. T~ ...... , t ...." ........., -rc-- ,.s"V\~(I,·c..
    :t.... -\.o..t'r-ol.-n,..... ..... U
    c..o~~~o-r ~'e-:~V\ ~
    '1\ - "''&.t- "'-, ~ VI ':.
    c. - ~t ~/"\..
    V
    "I + ~
    I

    'v\c...
    I
    = 3~"'b, 'h + D (S''LO.'if-lS'V,4ti)
    O.tL
    ::' S"~8. 4 1:.0
    I
    t:J
    'P(208L&M CD, lS"b (C>"",-A'", t.I€ d)
    T~};lf\4~r-o(A+-V\j ...,;. 7~ A-l..7.. \J.I;-f1....... ~2. jl'~ s:~CT·d= 2. ~2.¥71C.'J/t:, -tc .
    SlJb~klv-h'l"" VA(~ ,'",,- 83s.(I),('2)

    W~":-~ (~, - ~'L) -;:~~)(1~.tq_~!'8,4~)(.\:'J%I= _0Z-07.'kW ~

    ~V -:. ...:. (1''2. _ <:, ) ~ ~ ( sO(7'l,) - sO(7.) - 'I.. J.-. ft./R) 1-


    :: {f ': ~ (t..32.'17~ [.ar? ~;.':7 t..... -+ X:'~0
    ': O. Db q 1 ~ -=. O.e;,bttt ~ Vv ~
    K K ~---

    (b) ITCode IT Results


    p1 = 1 II bar h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta 11 = 0.82
    T1 = 350 11K h2s = h_T("Air", T2s) T z= 553.5 K
    mdot = 1 II kg/s s2s = s_TP("Air", T2s, p2) r., = 517.4 K
    p2 = 4 II bar s2s = s1 h 1 = 350.3 kJ/kg
    eta = 0.82 hz = 558.3 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2) h zs = 520.9 kJ/kg
    Wdotcv = mdot * (h1 - h2) s2 = s_TP( l A i r " , T2, p2)
    sigmadot = mdot * (s2 - s1) W =-208kW +-
    cv
    h1 = h_T( l A i r " , T1) 0-
    cv
    =0.06993 kW/K ~
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)

    Q) (c.)

    V\.c.. ~ ~~~ - ""-\ ~


    ~h.- hi

    AC'eol""cL.. ...,~, ~~~. co ) ('t) 't'/r.4.


    Wc.,,-;.~ (L-t I- L, 1. ) ~ ~cp (7\-T1./ ': ~ 1;)(I.01..*~J['3~-o _~"'S'.1JK
    _ ~o"7 ~J ";:.. - '2..Al7 tc:. W -<1~-----
    ....
    ;;: ..s

    .:: 6. O<O?'r" t::. :Jh ";:. o . oG> X'" ~ """'<la----


    t<. +:::.
    I. ~"'S'pPcti"'" o.f TA.o/e ~-2...{) ;nd...:CAff.1 -tMi ",=/.3't IS, ..... sv.·-+~bf~ cOrW'+-''''+ Va.l~e.­
    .for t~ j"'.... ''''.-t ¥tIW' 1j to 71.' Tt.-s, ,oocL ~ .... e...; is r~lIlljlE"d b~ho.>4""'" ~ ""
    CeS\A.l-t's 1> +'-AS f"W'''t o..~d 1i'-e~ 1 r,.r~' A) Md b) •
    PROlOtaL-\ b. \ 'S '1

    ~~ot.u~: A.. c.o~r't'es~01' \9pe-V-el-k."'~ c:lI.+ .s+e~ s~~ +tAkes \"\ a.f1\,w~p\.'\eV'ic"Vr-
    ~t "'- k\A.Owv\ ~~s 401/.) rtd.(. tMl\.d tLr~~es Ct~Y" A.t Gl ~\V(\A r\'~~$\A.re.
    E\Nl)'· P\o\- -t~t2 ~owev {e~'-t.,,'.,teJ ~ ~ c.olMpV'e~so(' el{~+ ~QV'&.\.~re Je~
    \Jev~(}.s c..oMt"V'C"'~O(" ·l.~\v-~~c eft.1c,t eMGJ 'f~\IA.~ f.<-O'M 10% -\-0 \OO~%~.
    ~('.","'::MA'flC. 4 "'\I~ J)~A~ -r z. r~':5J,cc.('
    -"--T1-
    , .70 ~ ~~ ~ I. f)
    ~~

    (I) , ('~) p,.;) .5 ba.r


    ~
    M ~ \ ~15 I
    I f,
    ~~~t'\c.
    ~M--
    p;we-reretu.we.J. ~ -lw,~
    S
    M~UMPrtON$ :(1) 1ke. c.o~t-rol "o\~W\4t i5kow~ IS ~t 5t~~ stede... <.'Zo) for ~
    c.()'Y\~ol VOUAVWl) Q co(:,o. (~J.~I",eJ-ic. ~ f~~ e~~t1":Jc~es ~ ,~'et
    to e'V:<.+ C«M \oe lj 'A01~. C"t) 5,,,,,.. -t\t.e \V\'~""'5 l?-V't" l-S (i\-t-MOSrkUlc. ,\A)(2
    a,sSU,M t r, ': , Ie;« V" ~ -r;: 20 0c. .
    ANA:l'lsl S: The. Wl~S ~ ~V\~~ q role ~~blt\c~ r~ce 40 ~;.;e,
    powe'f' 'fe1>v..vYeJ. -:. -(we. v') : \'V\ (~).. - ~, ) ( J)
    t~ e\\~l"'1 ~\ c.QM ~ 4-ekYMl~\eJ. ~\""ce. :t>' ~ T,Me.I'-\A.OwV\ -w-e>lIlI\ "~S\A.\lo\f-M~.
    T\\e. e",,~~ ""~ is ~ tA..\l"'5 c.~'(~s(J'r"eff1dw~ kc'~' {.oL\ows :
    h - h + lh ~ ~ - h \)
    -a. - \ n e,
    ( 2.)
    w~ "'..~ GeY(~~O~ +0 o.M. ~e\A.\-ro,,~ 'O~'t'~~s lCN\ fTC1'M sWe. 1 +0 'f~ .
    CQ.ICMlAc+lm
    .5 tl""'plt
    A '5C\~\-e c(,(.le.u.lcl~ wi L\ ~(. p~v'ton\Ae.e-( USI VS kt~ h-O"M Table A-z2..
    'ft-OWt -H.u. -\-cAb\.e..; "'\ -:. ,-'t3.2. 1~/f'j ~ Pr\ :'1.2.1£.52.. T~~V\) ft~ ~. b."13
    rrc''Tz,s) = \''2.'IPS2.( ~):~.~e2(~
    'l'I.A+e,,"ro\lll\,-\'\ ~tj ,\.\ I"~ A-).. L. j "'~ ~ .. 4104. B k-J"I ~ . A-ccoytktl\~~, fov- YL-:. D.I

    (4(,4 .. e-'-'i3.2)
    ~ -;:"z}r~.2.+ -:.53B,~ ~3/~/1
    ~ 0.1 '~

    ~
    f O~~Y" \ ::
    ((~\.U.V'-e.A.J II
    \.
    ~)(53B.~- 2-4.'),2) ~
    ~ ~
    lLeW
    l k:Sls :.
    ;2
    is .t
    '-\.,
    /CoVV

    Tke Sof{.wMe ir i.s useJ. fo 8tHeYetle.. dA.-k ft>r-+{....a.. ('~u..t('eJ (fiofs)


    as -'OlloLUs:
    IT Code
    T1 = 20 11°C
    p1 = 1 II bar IT Results for n = 70%
    mdot = 1 II kg/s
    p2 = 5 II bar h 1 = 293.2 kJ/kg
    eta = 70 II % hzs = 464.9 kJ/kg
    hz = 538.6 kJ/kg
    Wdotcv = mdot * (h1 - h2) r, =261.4°C
    power = - Wdotcv T = 1~9.6 °C
    - tWcvJ = 245.4 kW
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1)*100 I eta
    h1 = h_T(ffAirff, T1)
    s1 = s_Tp(ffAirlf, T1, p1)
    h2s = h_T(lfAir", T2s)
    s2s = s_TP(lfAirff, T2s, p2)
    s2s = s1
    h2 = h_T(lfAir", T2)

    250 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    200
    ~
    ~

    "C 150
    ~
    ::l
    0-
    ~
    .... 100
    OJ
    3:
    0
    a.
    50

    0
    70 75 80 85 90 95 100
    11 (%)

    280
    270
    260
    250
    240
    00 230
    ~ '. A-s ~(,. "'~'(~$e.~.1 ~
    N
    f-
    220 r~uMted.. ~Ov.)W \"'G'leA.ses
    210 Gloes 1'W2. ~~t ~~eY'tt\u.C!,
    Ct.$
    200 li\u' i.e e'lC~ect~,
    190
    180
    70 75 80 85 90 95 100
    11 (%)
    PRoBI-EM 415"8

    I<NoWN: Op ..... +i"', d4i t. pro".'J.d lo wo SfA1ft ,t .......•....... t s+e ...d:J s ..... &.
    ,f.,o- ... " •. ~ _ .·s •• n-Ad.d kf ~." floe s., ... ~~t.
    e,.,o: Dll\ .......•.. Q. floe. po O~+ , ... +,
    .$C..,NA'TIC t ."/5 /II b"T~\

    h T

    t:~ 1000 tW/,'lI l rio: 'eo I laiN..t


    1j ~ 'loo of p.: 2.0. ,'-#It·. ..

    ~--------- s '----------s

    ASSOOMPT,ONS·. (I) Th.. 4.. r &,· e oporahs ..... S....... ,,':I s t~. (z) r"r t"p ,r.·olft "''',.''S''
    etAc"," sf~9e.... e-ee.... r .. 1l..·"" +.'C. "7. 13) Tke p ,,.o .. +\''''0''$''' ·H VA". ,·t ..
    ........oHI' ... ~ prOU'u, t"') lC'·"',+;'c. po .. ~ .. ..,· ...1 11' • f~~ofr .,~ ",~/,·,,"'t,
    ANAl-,\,SIS: T",...... t ..\ p ,. cl,v~lo".d ,', +"'_ .,,_ 0++ .... pow ... d."./o"•• ',·tIle.
    4"'0 ~+.,~r. W,'t" +Ioe I,'s I "'st .. _~ ...·01'\', lM.. ss ."• .1 .".",y ..... i~ " .. , .... Mt~r ... d.,c!t.
    t.. 1''''~

    l ....'O .... c..·..., +... lh .. t\oo~,·c. tv"'''',·.... 'Hl·...·tl'\t~ I l'-'\'-"'3)':~~(~1."':U)/<''''J·''''')t"t(''1-''''U}.


    ~""

    'Wa ... o.U"-,*,o,, S, ",.11 l\, • S., d ..". 'a : ..... 1IO~ "'J ctOOI.. U,·..• ....d "'l: 144~.1 ..../", (Wo_ T.. ltlll
    .-41:). '1'"h ..,.I ...·", ;" T.. blaA-4E, S>t:' 1.1.2.2& "''''/'''.R.. ~+ ..~, 11 ;, " ..... ti "-a 100Ibfb',,'l
    ...cl SS~:: S'l.' 1.,tHf'.la4ol"J' ~.ss" IZ'7.·' rs1,'"'/"". lA.S;":I't"A in.. +t-.,,·, tu~l,,'''ft .H.'c't.. ,y
    "'1': "''l. - VI\;. ("~ ·"'1,s): l~t.1 - O. IS" (14+'./- f1."7.~): l~'f".& 1l~/11I
    5+....... 3 :, f .... ti 10, 1t,"'1:L'l4.98+-/1... 2.oo/fl(/t·.. Z. T"h"fol."'·~'J $1= 1.,,'03 8+"'/'b·oR.
    S+"o\t~i~ ~''''e4 Io~ I I"of/,·,,'.. \)':: H.ru 8~/,.. ·oR. "b...o\ .. .wo_ T .. "I.. A-3E .. + Il.f/.·..l.
    .\10"'" +.... , ... ',4", of- ..... 4.. 1,.,,_,.... d
    S'"s - ~.(. : '.c.S"Ol - C>.')~7: t).22.21-
    lC",S:
    S,_ ~ I. t4S3

    -z..,...~"'~ ".. t .. ~, ;""0 ". to)

    INt.' c· llS [(~. 1_/,) t 1'1.... /-.....r· 9 ] I?!: + (>5. s)l'''''hl -.''''3) l 3 ~.. \ \ ~7a""~ \
    l(t-)OWN: Ope .... .,,·'" <:1 ... +........ ~ Pl'o",'deJ for- A. ~IlS +....... Io,·l'Ie. poe.uc.. plcu\'f' opu-
    Q."''''~ "'+ ~hClLcSy stAte.
    F"vo: Oe.h......... e. ""'e l'\t+- pow.. r: cleve-fo pe. d. ~ ~c .... '1 h.vt> c.c:...s~.r: (4) +ke...-
    .."..."'....« " .. 0\. (.0""1"."0 .... ""e. '......... 0.+
    Cl"d o\ ...,.\>.',,~ • ff,·c,;.,,&.·., Clore

    SCHEMATIC i (;,I/EN DATA:


    81. ...... "$""'/ '~IP~~""''''''1'
    . Qill 3
    \

    c:o"'preSSor
    T
    "\ \
    ...
    I
    1\-= r..... o.qS ...,. J fa ~ P,,:: 5.711.rl
    'f. ~ t:.t DC. , 1$:: 1100 W.
    M I:' SJ:9/S

    ~~SUkP'T'O"U: (11 Tk.c ~ClS ",,,,.b'·"e p ..... <t,. plo..d op....o.itr . f Sf~o.cI., cfo. ft. tfl -n.eo fO"',,~ssor
    \-".....·"'c .pe.......+e
    0. . . . o..ll.·...b".,· e"l'.,. U) 1C'·"'ch·<. o... cI po4 ... .,,·...t e .. er~)' • .f"'c h Cl re
    M\Io·,.bl.f.. (~) /+." ,'s ""'-odtled At 0.. .. ,·clt ... , '-'1.

    A "L.ViIS: C.. ) V\t.-=V\c= 1 0 0 0/0 . T ''',e., ~ss a


    ·s ,,, ,. 1c lQo..\4 .. ~., . t S+•• 4,)
    S\ \c. ,i"c ""'e. (1.11........ " C"p.-.U/o .. for +~c "C+ wo .t.Vtlo".d pc .. v .. ,'''' ""'.u f to...,•." "

    F'f'OIM ,.... ,,'e. A-~ hI:: Ol'tS.I' .3/t:.J I P,.,:I.!O,"lI'" Its:: tI."."f'2(ltj J '''j:: ter.). TI.....

    0_.
    .... • __ Pro t ;;p&) ~ '.10' 8 rl ~ ,
    (J • • , J
    = 1. f<408" '::!;> h U : 4,,·03 "lie,
    tt.

    w... to ': <t!C.I.Oi. 70f,.SI) - (",,'t').Ol- ~H.,,) :- 4S4. t'Ca - I q 7·ae.. ': 1.$'(..7.!:.,J
    tel
    '"

    &aa_It,:. ("u_Is.)
    \1\,

    Q) W"C+
    ~
    ': 't\~ c.. "3-"'...s) - (!'u -",)
    \l\c.

    O.ts ( 4Si- H) - Itt7·" 3 a&,. '3 tr'- 241.2.' :: 14r.01 !9


    ~

    =
    .t~
    ?
    ..., . Wl'\ei = (s r:~J..r)t14S. 04j ~~ J I TiQi,s I=
    I"'W 1- 2.~-lc:. W ~
    'PI'cSLEM ,./'o
    ~-tJo"",,"': S~'1 st--.~ opcar~-hll'\' dA.+~ o.I"e.. p""Qv .... c:l -foy- _ v'",'v~, fitilSlA..
    c~J A""d iv-,../o, ..... ~ r-et'j·es· ...
    F~AJO: bew~"'e ~ ('-O~ dev~l()p~u k., ~ T-rh/~. Alf(), "'~fp,..~Vl~-t""-­
    (2)..-teS IIf e""tvoY'::J ~d..vcftCJ;' Fe- qACi.A 1~ ""~ e .. c.o"""1'o"'."'is)t:ll'\d CO~6.te..
    Sc,,", l""'''''"t"f C 8G:. 1VE"J O"''T~:

    Liquid
    water at
    80 Ibf/in. 2 , 300°F
    rill =22 Ibis 5
    1
    --e>-+--{!iG---.1--

    ASfUMPTIONS: (I) E.ell\ <:.0 " ~ ope"""W.r It.,, dj S.,.~ w •..,... ~"""''''-e. . .~ ..-t
    +w-CIl..,4e"" bot _c."-. c.o , , 0. " ;+, n ~ou ...".· .. ff. (z) K.·.... It·c, a"cI '0'."1,'.'
    eW'.~'f 4tffcc+$ c II. ;,,,,orpJ. ('3) T ~ e¥"... s;... "~ ... u the v.llIe ,', ...+......." ....j pn,(,..3$.
    At-JAL."'!;S " .. 1'.""1 'l+ ...... ~J "' "'.. ",c. 10 0. \o.lI\tf'$ reduce ofo ""to '"-a='-lJ ~s~~4 :':'1J
    ...,... ..:.S" ito", e .. ~...y t-a+c. boJ" 4' ~r .. e._"""'o t Vo,,,.... e .. c.f.'.·..' tit• .f,1,uIt c:~ .."" •• ,. f;tJ..j
    ."'4' fo~-. ~~'O
    0: "J:: ~ + "':'l $~ - .... 3$3- ~ ... s.. -+ erc.v
    '9
    0'"
    .
    eTc.., : "'4 S• +-",Sl ~..:.~~~
    . . .
    [Hosk e kA"" b.,. 1
    ~,_:,,,...'t,-{- ....c. "al"e a",ci ~"~b.·"' .. J t ... t,...... ·t "f e .d·.... ,o'., pro d"cft· .........C,
    cr-c.y= ":'1(13.-~') L v .. \ve] tt)

    a-c.v:. ~4 ( ~S'- ~"')


    "0tv.. '"." lv.+c.
    <l
    E". t') -t\)
    I", ",,,,.,,,,
    t'.~".r'J --a >~"'" ~"S-J'!/S1) ".,,1 SS'. T", •• t w,'/I .... tIII be.

    t.e.,l~ +ht. """.6 r"t.. b ... I~",C'c. tOfcHur "' ..... It',"'d .u,,-~"·o s .. I QtI\ e ......')' ......t, 1o"'.lICt
    4- ... c:."'...~.\ Vol",""e belo,""" floe ~ '.sf" ek r.dl.i~" 10

    0: ~ .. ",a. - .0.''''1 - ..:.... 1"1


    .:., "" - ":'1"', - (--, ~ "'3 )"'f
    So 0", ao\".·~ +10.. . . \oov~

    ~3'; "",t ".-".. J =(2.'J-J11... )["",.7- 1170): ;l./,'lllb/s


    (~'). "'..J .s 'Z.'JC>.I" - 11"70

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    "'" 8
    ::L "1 2.
    CHAPTER SEVEN

    EXERGY
    ANALYSIS
    ~~l>wAJ: A S~6.J.e1M CUYlSikS 0\ 5 ~ CP-+ v..J~ ~t looc J lloc:w-. ~ ~~d.elM i.s
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    7-1
    I<NOWf>,J: A S'~cde i~ rpee..ft·~d..fo ... eCtc'" (If. -I""r~.f! rv~S+-'II1('-e.r.
    F'..... l): D& .............. "'~ +~ ~e ... 'y.
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    ANAl."rSIS: (A) Wo.\oCt'.+ O.T bA.t"'! C}OOC. --

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    Eml>'. (~) ~~evrH;"'<' ~fecU/C. exeV'8!j e a..f 'f = //,+ltM.2..J r= 2.00°F .lbJ Plot e Vers(..lS
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    I
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    I
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    =- ~ {[U:('T)-UnO))T1lTI~- ;]-h>[SO(T)-.s·C7CJ)-~.9M*1 S
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    = (1.'8'
    To l 5°(.1) - S°(.To) - R.JM ~P.] =- (540°2) t52.13i- 51.082 - c., fi 86') ~ ~ J 2lkl
    110",0" oR. (S

    fiV\G<.lk
    'H. OI~
    tf.: )
    :: -CJ'2.L4; f>kA/lb~o'

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    '\'Yt40l
    (b) (c) ~ ~~owl~1 IT uuJ.e. 1.s lUut ~ ~e-v~,~ ~ ~~1U.WeJ r/;ots.
    +or
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    \)., \J) ~ s p~ CD.,. a..c aM la ecJ 1(A.4 •
    ITCode
    T = 200 II OF
    P = 90 Illbf/in. 2
    =
    To 80 II OF
    po = 15 Illbf/in. 2

    e = (u - uo) + (po * (144 I 778» * (v - vo) - (To + 460) * (s - so)


    u = u_T("C02", T)
    uo = u_T("C02", To)
    v = v_TP("C02",T,p)
    vo = v_TP("C02",To,po)
    =
    s s_TP("C02", T, p)
    so = s_TP("C02", To, po)

    IT Result for p = 90 Ibf/in?, T = 200 OF


    e = 21.32 Btu/lb

    7-'"
    PIlOf>LE~ 1.ftJ (U>III+ 'd.)

    PLOTS :

    25 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    =
    (b) T 80°F
    20 To = 80°F
    p, = 15 Ibf/in.2

    15 -

    10 -

    O-trrrmm"TTrTTmm"TTrTTmm"TTrTTmmTrTTTTTTTT"rTTTTTTTTTT"rTTTTT~
    15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
    P (lbf/in 2 )

    2.5 - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    (c) p = 15Ibf/in. 2
    2 _ To = 80°F
    po = 15Ibf/in. 2

    1.5

    0.5

    0+--;=:::::..,----,----r-,--.,-.,...-.,...........,.....----,----r--1
    80 100 120 140 160 180 200
    T (OF)

    I. Tke. IT r.e{l.t(.tc..o~r(U't's "e,y~ h.vOr((~/'j wit'k+kta 'i&ecJ~4.-S ~Iol-e. ~e&LL1-t


    \V. fa.r-t (Co\) .

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    PRO~LcM T.T
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    I ~)

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    ';0. (s,,-+ R. )l-r-7 o) - To Cp..t-~


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    . ,.
    10
    ~r [:r. 70 - 1 - .J---b]
    to

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    " 'J soo 5'00
    2-.-----------------,

    1.5

    Q)

    0.5

    0-l---....-r::::::::.....-----,--.,--..,....--,----,-..,...---r---1
    500 520 540 560 580 600
    T (OR)
    Pt<Of!X»'1 1.6
    ItNOI.l2N~ J."'Sse.I(CM+Clll~ ~ ~ttown tllMoCA.u;fofalir ~tpr~~u.('e.f) ~ 200°F'.
    Pltvp: plot t-lA~ speci~tc.. exe.V'f~ ve-VSl.lS f Y"tlY\.{I~ froYh 0.5 1-0 2.d.~.
    5C~GM&rfG I g\VEAJ DAr4: I I
    I r=20a~F
    AsSUMPrtOkJS: (I) TIMl (til'" ~ fA. clc>t.e.d sy~~) I
    a+ re&+ ().,(\& "U-IfO e(e vtt.+tOlf\ V'e.l ~4-\iVL -10
    tL.e. \(e.te~eV\Ce. e.V\ \J i "" 0 r'\ N\e,v\.1: W ktclA cs a.+
    I
    I
    1
    ((\('
    l6
    ,I O.5~ p~ ,2.. a.~

    7;, =ho°F
    To : (poe ~ p~:: I (A.-fw\. (2.) 1he atK- is
    I ____II
    I f:,= It:AhYt
    mode (fl~ t4-.~ c(. Vi let UJ.,{ ~ CLS •
    AN-'!WSl,s·. E\ \).A-k..'~ i.' 'C-€.~es +0 (8::.(U-l.{o) +-poC \T- 00 ) - ~(S-Sl» C()
    .s~a:. C-t(.C.,..U.1-TlO~ ~ ik is (a(c,(...((ct+t:cM v.)t U J"e dara. USI'~ dac..r ..Ja~Ie. d.a...-/a.. •
    ~i..s J £(-'4 = "'C.T) - UCT.» S-5o =
    ,s·c,) -SOCTo) - e ~ 'PIPe' w~fii fM ldeP-I,te.s
    ~ ~f s.Ja.-Ie
    e-: . ucrJ -Ul/o) f' 10 (if - Rlo°)- To [ .s°C.7) - 's°C.Ti» - R~ F>Ire]
    u.s;., k-/-e( .frC>M 7o.ltie -4 -22E. J -Hrr fft..s<. c~ T=-2.0D"e>'5 r = O'SQ.~
    uCr) -U(70) :. 112..<- 7 - BfJ.{p 2. -:=. ~4.0 5 9kJ./lh
    ~R(::r. - 'E. ) ;. (I &4~) (I.CiS" ~k\.)( "'ooot< _ S20-te ) =54•84~ ~kl/tb
    P po ).8.t:t7 lb'~ 0.5 a..& I Atw\
    f< ~ ~R. ] ='520~") rCO.b4f02.-0 ~ (q§) 7 8HA.
    10 CSOCT) - SOCTo) -
    ~ I' .:5Cj/72''/ _ (.,.C;eb)
    ;'8.ct7 !J tk· OR. I

    :. Sf. 50S tbkt lib


    FlV1 Q.(~
    <e: ~4'I()Sr .5t.8Jf3 -54.505 =..74.38~ 8~/11o
    USI~j IT 40 9.eMeV'(l+e +1u.d4~ f"€f-tweJ J & t,,~~S ~ fo~ ~ ~.l')
    0(00" e. CJIII..J- i /A-+eNYltl.{ {T ~~..s .f.&v-- U J ~ ~ S.J as .ft> tlf'JWS:
    ITCode
    T = 100 II of
    P = 0.5 II atm
    To = 60 11°F
    po = 1 II atm

    e = (u - uo) + po * (v - Yo) * (14.696*144/778) - (To + 460) * (s - so)


    u =u_T("Air", T)
    uo =u_T("Air", To) 25 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    v= v_TP("Air",T,p)
    vo =v_TP("Air",To,po) 20
    s= s_TP("Air", T, p)
    so =s_TP("Air", To, po)
    15

    IT Result for p = 0.5 atm, T = 200°F Q) 10


    CD e = 24.37 Btu/lb
    5
    I. [he rr yesult iJ I~ close (;.1fee.~(W.f
    'Oifk ~ sa.~'Jle uJee.",{C<f:?JN.. bA!'eJ eHv
    O-!-,---,----,----,---,-,--.,....--;----,----,---,-,--,---,--I
    Tohfe ),-2.1. r) a.s e"-(>flcfeJ. 0.5 1.5 2
    p (atm)
    I<No .....t.J: A S+....... ,'S 'Sp~c.,;'·ed tot" .eG.cc..,.of +kl"e'~ rv.Lo.s+-Io1C~S,
    F I N't) " D-e ....... 1'\Aot\.t ~ -4 "" S/'tf'c. ~'c. ~ ~ ,., '/
    A $f'lIf'1i'lP7tI1N s: " :I 'S k.ere' +~ e j4.c. k CJ-t """'-00'0,,", Q ... d ,"""'If· '2. 70: 0 "'Co, ~ '= I bAr.
    A~A"'''T''SIS: (0.) A ...""o_·~ ~ ... 0." loAf", -I o <'c..

    T ..."I~ A-It
    T tAo: lJ41 k:J!r;, 1.\:: 1~J.'.3'-1
    vo:- '.31,," M 3 I tc, v=- '2.UBf
    50'" ". n. e I ~;T/~,·/< s': ", "]09':1-
    £ 1 v ...' " 1M r.4:I re we:CS' ~.+t- AS.s """" ph'tIV\ I tu 5 i v c:

    Uo = 2.32.~" t::l/t:" ""';:; 'Z.Z.1·GPS-

    Vo ::' o. '2S''iq.l "",,at ~ v: 0.'4- (~oR


    $= ,.131"1
    So~ I· 103S' ~/~5 ·l~

    ~o: ,-3/,~1 Ic:)I~, U:- ""L 2. "".q 1-


    Vo = D.LIS57 IM 3 itj v ::. 0, "3~'tq 2-

    SCI ':. l·o~2.T lM'3ltj ~c. I. 0'37-'1

    e:. (((-u o ) -+ t'o(v-vo)-To{S'-~o)

    :: (..~~.,~ -'l.'3,.I,H] ~ lo'S'lo.~lIIf~2-0.'2.lr81JI ;;al-


    :: (-(".'1-",)+ (l3.4-I) - (3."3):: 3.04- 1e000Il=.,j

    7-10
    PRD8L~ 1,10

    It=NOtDI.J: A two-pk&c.~e sol;a-v'\f'O( M-LkftA,fe of U-a.e i so CI..+ &.l kll\.ow-n /J2 HIf.et'(l..to..re ,
    na ~ ss of escl« f/tb.~ is -H-te. S~,...."e ,
    T
    fl N'D', :D-e4evmIHe & 5('Q.C~,f:.tC. -e~:j. ("c.')
    SC.U6f\.14'r1C I 6J IVcA) :P~A', I .' .: , .': I
    • .:..... ' .:".. '-:' .. I
    X:: M,9 _ ': 0,5 I
    <.-: '.. ~:; I
    .J ..i..: ":., .•.. :':

    'r'\~ +\\1 \ \tY\j: O.DI


    I .. '. .. :. J
    T=-lo°C W\, _ -- -: - !J -10
    -,;.,=. 2 oDe 1>:: I ec.1-Yt" \
    o J ro '\f"
    A?SUMPTIO.oS: (I) rLte ~D-p~Se SDlie.t-v¥o(" M/'X./--u..VY2. C( closed S7.t-kM JS
    at ("est aM4 ~eyt) elQv~ reA.a:fWe +0 -I1te re~e.. eV1v,ro..,~'t 4" 7O=2OOC)
    r
    o »t a.fm,

    AtJ~'(5IS " £~k.a.~ 7.' l{-eJ,uces -/0


    e=(u-uo)+Pc.(v- ~) - To(S-So)
    U.SI ~j Uo ~ L(f (To) J -u; ~ Vf(r;. L .so ~ 5.r(. ro) a..tA.J ~ from 70lJe t\ - 2-
    CAo =83'.'5 lc:r/~ / -v; = I.OO/Sx.{O-3Y\1t)/~ J s; =c. 2.erb~ lc.~(~'1<

    J)etti.\i ~ U8lAo.L:~ x: a.s aL"ove) o.MJ. ().~(.~ ~ .fv-OY"1 7~b/e A- b


    It

    l..c.-= Ui. -I- 'X(~-Ul.,) =-3S4-,OCJ-t(.~)(~-lIS.S):' I003,(,~ 1c.7f/k


    d
    V:. 1{ + X ( tIj-Vi) =. J.OWtl)<IO S+«:>.5')(4(,,1,.7 -J,OS'()</cr ) r;
    3 "",3 3 lIlA)

    :: 233. 35 W\~/I~
    .s:: Si + 'X (59 - S,') : -I . 2 '1'1 + (O, 5) ( 10.78 I) :. 4. l111 S k.J-j ~ ,K
    ::r~5e.4tVc3 vaLues itA (,)
    e ={IOO.3,fob - 83.~5')~+~OI.~2.5 ~t2.''3.~s-,,o''le)C,03) ~
    OJ .~
    I' kT
    l\.&.lJ'M

    - (273 -/0) k (4.D"'5 - O,2.Cf{'C,) ~~

    CD ~ q,OJ. 71 + 23b44 - qtt B.' -:: 23,'5 ~Co l::r/~ 4( e


    I. the. Ia.r~e. v~Lue L'~ca4e..s ~o..t ~ -two- pheqe .:501 iat-vCtfc'r !MA·x·kue &(2 t4z,O
    tAo.So o: ~ r~t c1..eal Q.f ~et(j ~ (JZAa,fwtl -1-0 ~ tl.etuA .sjdk ~ dOoC) L 41wz ,

    7-11
    PR06£,EJ.4 1. II i(

    KlVOWb): "T~e. C-O\1~ Ot- a. ~+cr~<L kk. ...t. k.~ \fe:llu.~ arQ. cd- o.1VvQNo.
    tEAApex-a.MMe. 4MGl presSu.VC1 .
    FlNP ~ J).Q.-l.vrM\"'e. ~ ex.e'i'3~ i ~ t1J.4 c.ovtfe.lI\.b Q.,ve V-) '\.lr ~~ ~ l~~ ~~)
    (ob) ~ Vo.-pO'l'.
    5~~c • ~IVe~ ~Nf~~
    ,--r= 'ioa C
    I
    A5SUMPTto/,,>S : (I) 11te ~",k.. UM.J.t"..1-s o-re e\. closed I P" ~.3$" bar I
    I
    ~ ~$4-ewl J a;J .fW2 eUflcls ef V'U)1-t~ MtJ ~ YQV;~ CIoN\.
    be 1·~1Il0rJ. (2.) »-.
    e~vi ....ot1lk.lW..f t~ Q.+ To =. 11 0<.,) '=-==-='="""=_=-:---=:!I
    I

    r
    o = I afM. (3) -rite a~~ cs /Modeled o.~ ~/;\ "'leal rtu.
    ANALYSIS: W if£,. Ef· 7.~ /AM..~ (Usu.~-h~ (I)
    E. e, W\ [c(..( -Uo) of- Po ('If'- V;) - To (5 -So) 1
    (el) Ji,r+ro&uc"~ t'dea,;/ 3"-S' V"-l2la.+Un.u ~ ~. (I) heUl1'1es
    IE ~ m (U'-i)-U{T.) + R7( -t -~)-,.; (.:s°CT)-S°c.7o)-f2..QM?/ro)]
    Usl~ t'Nll4Q.~ f}Q.-S e~ e~ s~
    _ ~ _ (o.3)~v-) ( :l. W\~) lOS NIW\ 1 \';'T~
    W\ - - - 0 3cP 2. 1'4
    l2T ( 8.3 \4 Ie" \ ((,13 ~) l~'" \ ()3 N. - I -l
    2.8.'1 ~. K. J
    tJ O\,U I \J.) 'l41A d.a...~ -trOW" T,,-b\.e. A-z. 2-
    1lO :. (O.3~lt",,) [( ~i'I.~~ - 2 O(,.q I) ~+(~~) "'73 k) ( 1·£~;'~5 - ~~
    q;'iOk.){(2_S30~ -(.('frJ~02.)_ 8.314 Oh{_O.1~
    2.8·t:t1 --'\) .01 n..s) .5
    '\lJ
    tc.)
    (h) Fo'r (.Ua,,4e.r) L{o -:::. u+c.7'o) J V; ~ v..(c,o)" .so -::. sfc.ro). -rk.u,s) Ft"<'M TQIo/e A-"2.
    'tACJ:: lL"!>i lc;~'~) -v;= I.OOI).,)«u-
    3
    W\"3/ iGj ) .:so=O.:tS'3S Ic::r{~.1<.
    TClhl~ A- 4 ~ I v~.s
    U. -= 2'f~<6.lo \C~({~ \ '\f = ~.c(12.. """,'3/ ~ ) 5 = q.O,C\{ (c:rIi~.I<
    T.he MA~S is : \N\:: v/v:: t »: -..,))/(~.~7~JII,t)/~) := O.1.4S" ~. J:kse~41~j ve;(~es
    rCl\~' (I)

    IE:::: (O.'2.tS'"~) f( 2'~~.<O-71.3~)~~ T (1.t)'~'1.S)(C~~~)( {?Ql~-{.OOIl,)CtC>')"A) ~.m/s11


    r ~ M lej
    I' I '"
    t;0D'
    I C!; ~'IM

    C-(2~OJc)(q.oz.(U -o.1.S~~)';fK ]

    :. 1'2 51. ~ leT 4~--------------------


    (\,)

    7-12,.
    PRoBLeM 7: 12
    KNO<.uN: Air AS "'"'" ic!..c..A ~AS is s+Oree:t /',,\ A. ~s~ ve ss e ! ....:t' fJ-"'-A.ssure p)vo'lJ""e~
    Cl\. '" cl 4e....... P-e.......A +~ e 70 .

    F-cNO: ((J.) 00,",/'", "l"\ e¥p"'~Hl_ -fer+"--.. e')(~r~~ ~ +'- AIr iV\, 0.. rpp~'"'ft·..J
    .for -.' till) U1'e.~reru.l-+Of-(A) +<:> plot-V verrl.A.oS P/Fo .

    SCHEM,."t\c:. oJ, (.'VeN J)"l\TA:

    r-- --,
    L A I,. 'It I
    , Tc»p I
    c VoItIcote = I
    __ 'V' _J
    I

    ASt\,)~9"TIONS: (I) ""'e eff«eit ool ""'. h'o"" ...". 'I"tlV,''''t c..", "e .', ...e ...~cI,~A. .. "I ,""odt. t.cl
    o.t .......' du.l '4~,
    A~AL.'r~'t:(~)T,...t""" ""'O~'tM. ....... d ,,,,,,,,a7' E:" 7,t. ..... ,.$ ""e -fu..-
    E 2 ~ -4 Po(V-V;) - toeS-So}
    't'kt. ft 4- +...._ c::I ,..opt h. C4L .... S. +kt. i,,-\....... I c>f
    o...,,. cl. ' :0 To, AlSO,
    0 ....

    s-s>.. [J(¥JT- R 1~f.J c - "'" R. I", P


    ;;;

    E:s Po V [ l ..

    s, ...... 'T ~ T., or"'• •'de .. 1 J "'J


    IE
    ~---------------

    'I
    \.
    kW,,,,)!3f>OOK.:rJ
    n
    IletN'~1
    0-
    I ","w, jC.

    ::.
    ~-
    1000
    900
    800
    700
    600
    M
    E 500
    > 400
    v -'>' ClIO
    300
    200 fi-
    V~ 0
    Plpo~ 0()
    100
    0
    0 2 3 4 5
    (p' Po)

    7-13
    F;, r A. ft)c'e cl ~ .e-ra<i v ~) +~ ...... t: ~;J e, c:L e p e.""c:14 O'V\ ~ f'U $I l.A f'C .-

    • A.$ PIp" ~ C'O ) +"-' A.Cl, U, ~ c:L tAI'\.fr;:. VO' <1""'1 eo e..uou-t ~ &u ~ Ve~.::J

    S--...u, OUJ'l'\j -10 +..... Io..rj~ c:l.,f~t"en(e. b«J"u~"r\ p o..""q Po· T4.dc.:../
    W,.,.'" A. lA.r,-t p"-'sru.r~ J...tffe"~II1CA. ~t- """"e."'- c:).,,.- ""~l4ld ~
    iY,Ued f.r II- ~«'C4·f..ed ~....,.~ v~·

    As P/P6 ~ I J ~ (~" Vll,qd +~ Vb IV~ CAJO~ b.. COIMe. veo,.:]


    IQ r 5-e, 0 Ulllf' j ft> +c-. s ~ -u. dA ~ e '" C-l. 10 -t -/vJe e '" p Ar' c:l Po. rt..-.:J" J../
    Vo t.fl,... A ~~ rz.-vscur.- i..tf~~"'C'E '" 4-v~ 1 t1A"'- /1'~ 1; eat'..-
    Wo~ ~ Ylpeut'd fov e- 1J.p,~'.d ~~rz V~·

    As r 11'0 ~ 0 ) ;N.. +o-.Jc. VOIVW1e. ~~ A~ a.. CvvI.t.fA ...+ Q.(J


    -t"-a -w.",\:;. L1.olclr bss ~., J J21sJ' a ,'r. :t'"" ~...ec~ +k.

    wotlo-Q..d 10," -e VelCu C4~cl ) illlJrfy.-h·~, ~ ~~ ~"..acv~J


    ....f1£.",1c.
    S' rio
    re ",""" ~ ~"')-e ro v~ ~ ~ ~~. (J}.f ~ ~
    1, ~':. ~ 1'f...t ~,-' ...,,- ~r'~ 'bou".u t::. +~ ~~ n'e...-A
    "--" IU> 1 U (q d.
    I -It> C-4' eo-h ~ .ce 1/ a.C\J 0. ft c:l spue.. S ..e, -t~
    44h. bl.\llt+~~ i+eM ~ -rt-c. ~·t'e.vS3'·"" 1 "'-c.. =1.2.4-.

    7-/4
    P~ogLeM 7.13
    Ki'J Ot.uN: ..,,"\ I ci.C ..... t
    'AS is S-(.ot"e ~ i"" ..... ~S'.c:l V"ft S S'~ I ~ P J T.
    Flfo-.JC: Co) 'If T::.1b )
    d~,..,·II'e. e= of ( P; Pt> I 70 J R )
    (I> ) r.{ r» Po) de.,..ivC e:: f( T, TC>J c..p)

    ASSUM.PTto/"'4.S: (,,1) "TI-\c. "3 4 .1 Ob~r$ +'- .. d~.....l .,AS' -.o.~. -r... P~"+(~)J
    c.p 14 '"o",s ~o.""+ (;0, \ '""" ell. ('l.) "T"'k~ <t~c:f.s of -ooh'o,"" A'" 0 ,rAII'/·"., <:.4'" bE> '·'VlOt'-ecl.

    o
    e ':.~~ PoCv-Vo} - 'oU-So)

    .,.,,# ~.r'" hr_ vo."'u".s ~.......te '" 0t A. ... ,'tic,.' '4/ cI~"~ItJI 011'':1 0., ie ... ,.~r"'~lA."'~J
    QIol 4 T: 7•. A/r o, ()
    "i-So: (~~})-~ I .. t;"
    CoIlt"e4\~~ t.$>Ath

    e::. to(v-".) ~ 7t70 h, .!.


    1'7>
    W,'"", "0:. ~To/" .... c& "00:."'-'0/1'0

    e::: ell\!!
    p
    - ~]
    Po
    . . ~70 I..L ~

    - _ 1\10., l~ -I .... '''1]


    p. ...__-c1~ _

    eo: .... -'-'0 -+ fo(V-"o) _"Tolt-t o)

    "I ...~" ....."', I·G~ .. 1 'U H. '0. n'OMI) \oI'~ " .. 1'0

    e= c.., t'T.-T.]-4- R C'T-'o J - '"To c.p '''' ~

    ~ €-.. ot It) C,.- T. J - To c.p '''' ITo


    '-v-'
    c,
    ~ (,"T. L~ <! - I", zT. J ~

    7-15"'
    PRo6c.EM 1.14

    .... -- -- ~ " --- - - - - - - --


    A~s()M.eno J.JS: (I) A c.oV)Jb,i-1~ ~'S+f,V\I1 is COl\si4e.-~ <:..Lt1IlSi.,J.,~ of ~ evo.cu~J
    s f'lc e ('" c los ~d s ~ skw.) ~ ~ e&l\ II; r"O lUIII e ~. (Z) -r1c.4 vetU~ e t>f- ~ t.4)"'!u iM!..t/
    s~s/-eMA is tDlt~+. (3) A>r~c.~t>/J,.eJs~,kIM.J 61=0. (4) .FCW~ ~V\vlra... ~>
    To fAkJ T~ a~ CdYls~u1-.(sJ ~ e~e.c.Is of '''-4\hij ~ \M.okrtA. ~ l1 noreJ .
    ItIJALYSIS: ConslJa,v-" 0- pro~s ~eve #e. eva.ct4a+~ sfke u/lapses ~tl w().,.k.i.s
    deve(op~d b!j ft...e ~~lt,i&.te.d j~'~ • A11 e~'1 It>aIQMce. -1o-r -IkR. C0""Io,i"e.J 6 '''~
    (e.dMc~~ Wl% ~~s~~·ho",.3 +0 ~W~
    We. : - AEc.
    5IWC(L ~V ~o .fot- ~ eVtAc.UA1e.J. 6pfA.ce.) ~Ec. : ~UtZ . W;f4~. '1.1

    We. ::. - [To fo.AV~


    f::,Se. - J 0

    13!:1 a. H ufM,p.J-ifl1,\ Z I ..0 Ve =- A V :. - (;t;- V) :: V. Fu.y~ev I CAl\< e'V'fforJ loa ItJ,.1Ifoe.


    fOtr fh.e ~bl~U< 6,s+eVll\ 8L'ves 0

    A Sc ::. ere. => ~+ ASe. :l <Jc..


    Cotf~cl-;~ resl,ll-l-s
    WC. ::. f. V - To O"c.
    51~ce 0: ~ 0 J flA4 ~1V!.ttAW\ +-keoV"e·h'c«.\ I.OD'l~ J o-r e~'1'1) is ob/d.\~etA w~
    (fc. :::: o. -rbs
    {E : 1>0'1 (»
    r~5ev·h ~ vawes
    IE =- ( I ~ •7 ~ XJ 0 ~ 3)
    ,,,,,.~
    I\ 44 l\,\ ~II 'BhA
    1.J!.l.11 1,8.f.J.·\~f
    I : 21.21 esf.u.. etC'!l-----

    7-llP
    t::"'CI«.uN: b4:fVAl ~/Ar O<-........, ........+S 0 -? CO;\, ... ",d He. o..t"c. 0....... +~ ~o-.~e I j p.
    t=/fVt): D~+e.l""""""te.. W""""-'c..L.... j AS kD.-J 'tl-t.... ,r~~r exe(".9y vo.Lt..te) e.
    ASfU,,-\PTIOI'-lS: (L) 6AC~ 30.. S obe/~ +a.u /'de...t. :5~J w..-ocl..a-,.( '-'l~ c:..e...,t~/;\i c.".
    ('2.) \'''''--'''c. ~ L.-o ~\~~~'CA.. 1 ~W~~ O{ """,,of,'U"\A. ~ .... .t ':)t'tl"I'~,
    ANArl..'t"StS: W ...ft.-.A.U"'_p.n'~ C") JEt. 7·Q "-&.cL.vu.o ~ jl'~ CfI-'\. Cl... """"-ol-..o- ~A.~t'~

    <D e =. u. - u: 0 '* 'Po c. V - ~ ) _ 'To ( r - So)


    "T"-'"", ~.-\'1.-.. '" \ r u..- p h'
    T
    e= Cv IT-To) -t RTo[T-;
    o
    P.
    W\ (L)

    -IJ-T [ ~- ......
    b
    T
    To -~~~Q.J
    - P,
    ::
    ..... ( "\
    C:v T"IO} -
    -.- c:-\D"""'"
    \0
    A 'I
    Tt;,
    ......
    ~
    R "fuV :!:..
    ~ 1;
    Po _ \ ]
    P
    -\- .'Ivv-.! 'l
    fo )

    ~~~'.r t::.. <.o.c.k... ~ CO~ .. "".1 Kia) a...... d Svlot-r.. ~~''''j ~ .A..t~u...U:'l~
    ~ IJ ..... ~~ 0' v--
    _ I
    (<:'//<:0&- CvJrle.l(T-To) - [Cf.,COl. -~Jl-ktJ 10.L.... -=1
    0
    \. ..J
    V"
    =. (§.)C01. -Cp J'le)

    1-/7
    ,.:.".H!>~N: Rl3<..(o..v-r'0(' j il'\••: -hol''1 .c.r 70J PlJ, J ~ c..ol~ c:J. ""* .f,><~e:I. VOII,,)lM.~
    -lD -- sp"c"f.·~c:l ~""p."A+u."e.
    FIP->O:

    \
    SCi4l:fw1A,IC C, ~(Ve"'" b~T.q:

    :-B-----:
    I IH1't~ I p
    Olt
    1"0= 0·' /'-\.0.. -
    0 -
    r,
    I 1 Tb :: 2.0 -c. ~T\
    I I
    L: _ _ --I

    V
    A~sul--\:i"TIONS·. (,l) ,,,- ~'fs-k""" l.s.. -t~ lV'3t(o.. vo.pOt"J a.,s ,sk.c.<.Ql'\ ill\,;4-t. f,·"JUAAt.
    <'1-) "fb.r~ tyd.~1 'V'.T=-O 0..""''' +~ ~ "'-0 s,·' .....·""·CL.... -f t:..I'tIleh'c/ p()'hl-tn'~
    ./l.v..cr,y ~ft<ctr. (3) 'FOr +~ e'l.erf3:::J (,-4!-ft"~.."c.A e."'III.,.CN\IM~~1 f'o-=.O.tMP"".)
    to -=- L.o 0C,.
    A""AL"(~IS: All\. ~'-''JI b~ ... c.e ;.......c..J...u.-o -1b ~d CS4/"""'-'= u,-u,.
    \l,ji-\1- cl .....-\.-... 1-r"- l""~ ,,- 1"2.. VI,:O.tu,,<<t "",3/t:;':J/ ~l ~ "2.e..tc..~1 \1:-;)/'(::,/ S't ~
    1.()~1.'f t::-7)/I=,. t:::, T~ .... ;-f1.,. "'&. :.11. ,. ...... c:l .... +-. -h-.... 7...4-l.. A- 10

    V2- -V.f ::.


    -=----'--
    "'1 - "-f-

    4, ':.. ~-f ~ "'1. U-f3'" Q.41 +- o,q~l.~ (Iqq.,;t.{) = lq'f.s--:s ("r/k.~


    $2. ... S.f -+ "JC .. S~ :: 0.0'101 ?-O.q~"t<;; (o.'t 0 S"S") =O.'tOI"1 Ic..r (/:.'1' k.

    To ~ .... ~ ~e.) \.CA...A. Ct. 7, q +0 ob-h...t·~


    o
    Ae.:::::- ~u..+ f~· 'T., as:
    ) 1c.:1
    :: -({l.lt.{ ~ _(e-~.?t:.)(o.'l&n-l.O~~'t t;;:t::.
    F~

    : +~.qS- '!::v-/ ~ -<i~--- _

    CO~f-.4.'i~--r·· 1Ja..u... J ~:k -tA- ~\MoO\I""" 't ~ ~ ~ +r~


    +-Iou. {V{.ef'~d ........ ~. ~ e~"~'-a- t....... ~ h-e-••.......,."
    ~ ~'1s+e ........ l.:i ~lJV-~ t-r'-- f1.4 ~c:l s+-tc.. ~ 0.- si-",k wlu(c ijp d'~
    f{M/"7oJpo. T'-- ~e('"9~ ~ ~lo'\y ~~ o~ ~ ~ ~
    S~ ...:. S}y,~+(( PJ'~"t'I V'./I. p"y .f...... +-4- ~"""'~I ~~

    ci.I..!t..u!h'VV' .~ h~7.4.
    P~08LE M 7, IT

    Saturated
    I ,/ - - '~ vapor at 120°C
    I \
    I \
    I 1~30mls
    \ I
    , I
    " ;/

    6m

    Po = I atrn,
    To = 25°C,
    g =9.8 mls" v

    ASSvW\PTlo"a: " TN \,U . . k,r is .. c.ler~cl s'fde>+\ 0..+ e,,,.'t.b,.,v- &~k.s j'I<\..i'f\',.II'1 ",,.d
    f;"".lt'1' 2,. TN "~loc..il-t'o~ "",d e \e v « -f,'/M,.S' ~ME" ... eAII4t'ea rt la h'vp ~ +"'-' ~.., v/I"'o ......t..vf-.
    1· 1b --2.S·C; P6: lo.+",,) 'If)'" V.{-(To ) ) 1.l6 "" U{ (To) } ~tl 'V ~ CTo ) ,
    A.~AI.."'SI.s: T"'" ~."'j'1 ""+ ~ "'1.4'h-c. a,,,,,d -f,,,,,.....t ~-tP.-~J' c.£10\ ~ u.lcvl#.ffd Vp,,~

    <D E, ,"let : E:~


    f ll.l-l.Io)-+Pol\l-V(»)-1QlS-So)~~ t..
    -+~~
    ]

    (eto) ~\'" ~"".ft...t' ... ~ol Vo.fQt" 0.* J'2..0 0 c. J T~bl(. A~, ~fI'''''' V': 0,&'1" ~1Ir~) u.~ "'S'2~·3 t::O/t::~1
    s~ ':f. l~'c. IC'Jlt:)·~. T~A-"t ~IVt"t "6":. l,oOlCf')(/O-3 """Jlr'J UO~ l04.n te J /r::" j
    SC>':. O. aH+ ~3 IIC')' "'. T lA..o.d'J

    -:: ~ \ t.").\{O~'4-. "t '2. -+ 4:l O·2.!' - U)( J" J


    S .,'\- ...(. e- 'is -t- 0·0," -:::. '000.1 ",:J

    @ (10) M>r' s»: tv"'o.k d J,...' 1 v; c:l ..+ to O C..I If -:. 1·0004 ~(oJ 1, t, .... jv..-:.. 42. ~ Jl~, J s ~ 0·' SO \ ~::<JJ r, .K .
    W f ~ e:: '2. -:: '3.4:\ 4c.:r. • 1:.,

    I· T'k..-.. "i'H~'C. ......d


    po+-e .. h #oJ. e ... ~f'~'· £>! ""'~4tu"'t"d Ie 1~·V't. -it:> ~ e" v,rOf'lc.-tVot
    ~v.a..er fv...u """A~""" ~cL..r -to -f~ v~
    co"".,.... I, ....k.. ~-er~ J .fo~ ~ 'b
    P"'-'""(,,J.,ple. E'o.c"'- (4)14lcl ... c..0""'1'1~~11 COl'\V,,,f-t" 'it:> worle:.. ~'c ~
    f"tt\-cil"- bvo~SU- 1\1 fQSt. "-+ 'Z.el'"tl de ""ne;,;.
    r'c (~h'~ -/r) +Wt e"'"''''"''''~t~.

    2. E."I.e,,'t"'; ,.. ~t"'t(~ of +&...0 d~p~rk.4"ct of +~ rrA.t-~ 'T +~ Jyskw....


    fi """ +e-.:b UO ~ f fII. V I (' U'Vt /I""J, A+ M..t sf-. t eJ I e: ~ o. T I.M.-.r I-(J P ( ,'-e..t
    IJ./"'a ~ I,> 'To J P '> Pl) ) a.<) j ..... p~d· (A)) _0\. cl w~ -r <. ' 0 I P ,Po J --0 """,'
    pq.d (b),

    AH'."'I;\"\-'\I~u.,J e"l'.IO e."....... 1e-t "'tSc d. T""""(, r~11/.H! c::Ie...ci ,{.,.~ .. ~~~y
    Vl.~r (T'Y":7 f.v To) Po. 7'.... puh l Iol (It) UOJ Vo .... c:l So ,.t(. ~l~ (eli v,".f'd j ~ -..o"~
    j

    cv-y~\-.. h(/V\..) ...... I..w. ,&AI.'+~ +~ --P~4D""'.


    P~D&~ 1.• S

    KNQWN~ A\\r· lAV\c.leV'~Des +t.oo srec.t.f.iee( precesses ilA series.


    E1N~·. (g.) (2c:.pfeseu+ eaclA pfocesS on (A. p-U"d,iO'jY'l).VY' """",- 1'~tLi.lCc.+. ~ Oea.d
    5~(l. (b) De.~'fm\iAQ +l-H~ CWA~~ In e)C.ev-g':j +Or eCACh. ~V'f)ce,s.
    \ 1 • :l
    SCH E.MA,.\C. .f 6s\I/E~ DATA. ~ - - P, = SO 1J,·O'''1.
    P
    Proce's l-'Z: isO+keyNt«.1 to
    'P-z.:. I 0 I~" 1,.2-

    &0<40 2- 3 ~ tol'\~~+ p('-eSSLl(~


    "'0 7i:. - /ooF -:. .q S'o°R.
    - - - --,,
    1
    . , To: 71°; = 537 ole
    • 0.1(' ,
    1 VV\:"2. lb I ~ = li.7 IltJfI,lA.Z.
    ,
    ,. - --- I

    A=s~~MPTIO~S·.•(,) l'ltte. eli,,-- is t~e. ,dosed j~~klM.(z.) The. e.t+eds o~ ~Otl'~ a~


    ~'(~"d''::i c."'-\A »e. l' V\o'(~d.. (3) T\.,Q. 't.vr lS W10(J.C2'U tiS tl.~ llle.c:d ~OI.s.(-4) sor fl<.e
    .ev\vlf-oY\mGI,Ai , 'To = 17°FJ '!t!) =1+.; IW/,Vt...z...
    A=NA:~YS'5: (d.) From -rl,\e. ~l vCW\ i.. .,fortvtt;J'th<..) f, = .50 lbi ,,'11\. L.J 7, ={P'oo~. 7Luc.$
    «r =
    . I<T I ::.
    ('51S
    z.8.ct J
    H"~)(
    !la. OR ,,,o~)
    0
    I
    r. z..
    T"T = ;,8 B'I .ft~II b
    ( pI • 1
    (50 I~+"~~) ,~ .. IlA,

    S",~'l \o.yV:1 ) r\.= to \A..CI"'",~ J Tl-::'" :""0"(( ~ "l1"z.:: 2.4.44 ~~/lb <Nw:I. f t =- p2,. = IO 1l*/1~~
    ~ T~ -:: <tSo°l< :1;> ~:: l"', b1 # '/110.
    (I:» Us', V\9 ~.,. 10 o.~ ia(?Q.1 ~t>-5 ~elq'h,o\l\S
    \E~-E\:: (Y\ [CA.C.~(T,)+po(\)"'~-v:\ - T~ (~.C0ooCT')_R~ ?3-/p,)J

    i",- a:2,. :. ~[ U LT,) - Lc.lT''t,) + Po ( '\1'')- '\1''1.) - To (Soc T~) - SOCT'I.) - ~~.) ]
    W ;+lA ct"",t~ f1'o~ T£1b\e A-'2-'2.E t>-s 't\eeJ~
    E - tE :. (2
    1. \
    Ut) f(\~ .., \~ \( '2.4.4\4 -1'. 8BC7) .t.t' '~4 \V\~
    l I'" lie.
    I I t.t:l
    I I
    118
    B"," 1_
    ..(:~'llo.f ~

    G'"l°A\ (- l.f81o ~ ~~)J


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    So
    :. - \ '2.. \\ ,,~ 4 a=~-~,

    IE}- 'E:2. -::. (~)fri" ,"45 - \1'2.101) + (14.1)(l,.~1- 24f~4)[~~48t-( 5" 31)(.~S704 - .b4Q02U

    ~ -, 5. S 5 'l}\.u. ~ 15-J -If,.

    '7-1.0
    PRosl.eM r: ICf~
    6.1.101041"": I lb 0'; air !-ills A. r,',,'d .., .... Ie:. • Tko. AI,. ts ~o,~~ .frOHo'\".. te .... U'O"1
    i"",·t\.,.l S+...,~ -iD ta. 'Sprc.o.f·ecl .f;."'....t S+.. ~.
    E/A,lj): L.OCA.fe .....",.,. ,·.wh·'""", hJoo\-...1/ AJoo\c:1 --lc.o..cl t'{....~J OVl ... T-v ~·A'~C4"""'.
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    'f -rt- ~"fiU"'1 cl...&.",.,~ ",r l
    ' "" +~ p-v ~'""" r- ... ~ .
    c;CK'fMI'(T1C .g G.li~t.J 151'\7-1:
    PI = 3 oJ·"""

    ~
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    @ Po:: I o, ~"'"
    ~-To~S1.0QR

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    0..-4 -t-'" .. ~eh 1>
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    S-peC4f\C volvlMO e.e>ol\~ f"'OUfS, ()S. S~c..u" ~. --f"1- T~ V ~·ll-jV'Ak.1.
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    m [(l.f~ "f,) - '10 ltl. -5',) ]
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    S
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    "'Ji~, ~IV."" clat-- ....e ,d


    ... - $''to''lt
    ~ :.. .i2. :: ~ S'1b
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    _ ;-iu." .. v ell GO,. ,fA'".


    PROBLEM 7.20
    .-
    k(\JowN~ OVle. /<.j of s+ec."", ;vt. .. h·...lly CA.t 20 1:>0..'- CA.'td 2'Cot I.mc:le7De.f
    +LuD cL.'fferent. p r o ce sse s ,
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    SCI+H'iATiC i:I ~11Ie-lbATA:

    "t 0 bo.t'"
    1-2', (:,OflS+""t pre~S'u'(e.. ) l/l..= 1.. VI
    T
    1-'2.': " sofhet"Wl...l J V2.:" J.. VI

    v
    A'SS;UMP710N'S :(1) The. sysko"'" is the' "j of l:>k""W). £'2.) For .... ",e eVlV,rCI1Me401"t>/
    To z: ~O 0,,) Po:: , Ixlt'. (3) T~ I-\.C!>fe +l.1e e f~cfs <If IMch'(w, a", d fjrtlll it; .
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    vro~ ..s~ V"&, ~ a, V,:: O.;a.q """l/lc:.~.
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    UI H·", v" ~o. 'lot 1 "",' ( k.~ I ""l,. :. 3~l.l.l ~J"{lc.~ / s 't. : '1. ~"l C1 ~ J" 1"1' "-
    (:,,-c I ~(' Ic,) [('l«t1.~,l-'2c.S"ct,t.)~~ +- (lO()~,,)(O'l.q-O,'Oi$) ':'~ 'l :,.:""
    t
    I
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    w\ v'"' "'I. ":. O. lot, "",'l I "-5 I 'l.f. C(O.~ l' r lie, I S ~ ~ ~. is l. 1
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    I. ~.t'c.) p",ucutc i ( ~~p+ c.oOO\,$' ..... 1 Q.~c:l ie ...... p.r-.-ka.r~ i",ct~or • .s (e. tDo hlloet W To .
    f;v.-e,.,.., -'Ci~Q.S -et """ 4-c...a r--c.ur.

    '2- l40,. J ""'...".... ,. .....' e...; ".p~ c.Q""~+-O...i


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    KNotA'''': "Do.+o.. ,'S; prolJidfOd;o".. 0.. fl'l(Ntue( brAoIr::eJ +0 ('Nt.
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    +0 fe.. of. o.lI\cl ~ IM.A)C.; kot"' -rk4.c>jI'e h'~ ('0 ~ h·ot<\/J. ( Spec d +~ ~u.l cl htC...
    ~~il\ed h;; -ttv. flyw~eel vs"""j -t"'e.. e.",e,..,,)! .rhlfed LII\. ~ t-1ywlA.ee/.
    cs.CHt:MJ'\ TiC: ~ '1IIr~ 2> Ar,q::

    r---.J_t..-- Bri1~ ',.....~:


    ~: 2.27~
    I
    I C. ': "'.ICf ~ W, = (300'0
    ~
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    ~v "0£
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    "I"",OMot = ".7+ 1<:] ...... z.
    AS~OMPT(ONS': (I) FVr+~tyS'+e1Ao\ Sk.oUJ"I ,..... +~ f-t.,u.f'e. 'N=_~:::O~clAPE":.O,
    (2.) The b""A.lG~
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    w;tlA. c.""'~1'\.+ spcc.~f..'c. heA.r c..(.3) h,,.. l-~c. e", Vl('o"' ..... e"'t'J 7D ': "oc.
    AIoJALYSIS·,(o.)'N,·f'-' \IV::. CQ :'~?E:O I 0..\0'\ e",e~,y b .... lA"'((. rea.uc.er t-o t'e.""c/
    @rAlt:e~il'l4~ ~
    or J:1Lrr AKE = 0

    Tz. -li = .;.CtJ,"l.I....o '"' = ~(loo~~.I)L('".74ICS·ht~( l*",,',sa.)


    (2..2.7-=,j)(4,1~.!:L. )(IO~N.~'i
    t::~. K. I <r J
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    vt c.:., -t"'- ~~t'$1 sto r ecl, Cll'\d ~t 1"- ~I'1 J-fored l i'kM 'oS ~'1~·CA t,
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    \t<\Co~ulo'e S'V~r;""l'\('(' 1\4.(,,'h~ M:)

    E'J.= WI (( ~a.-~o) -+~o) - To (S'1.-S'o)] ~ ""'[ <-(Tl.-To ) -To Co \'" (TiITo )]


    ":: &..~T~')l ~.I'" l'J ]['JS"K - 2.8Cf·J,.,.. (3.2.'1 )] ~ 1l~.~T ~J
    ~.~ ~8~

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    .e.
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    7-32.
    PRoBLEI"\ T: 30
    I<.NOWN~ A k.c't" IN\etd IoAr i~ t:t ue.... c~d loa-- i~ ..... ~ ... ti""'1 d: ~ 0. tAll\lc: of we-fer..
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    'iX1'W:t"'tATI C ~ (;.( Vi #-.J 1)1\7.4..

    Metal bar: Water:


    T mi = 19000R T w • = 530 0R
    em = 0.1 Btu/lb· OR C W = 1.0 Btu/lb· "R
    IIl Ol = 0.8 Ib m.; = 20 Ib

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    PROBLEfVI 7.32-

    KNOWN: A ~eC\..-bo,>( op e r a i es ""-t s.tet:<cly S·tA+e.. ?erfor ..... tU1Ce c!a.'t-¢.- ,tre p'<Jv,decl.
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    f,(;{ows: 0

    7-Si
    PROBtc14 1.52. CCCYt+(,(. )

    IT Code
    p1 = 1000 IlIbf/in. 2
    =
    T1 600 11°F
    =
    p2 500 II Ibf/in. 2
    To = 530 II OR

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) IT Results for D2 = 500 Ibf/in.2


    h2 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T2) h1 =1249 Btu/lb
    h1 h2 = S1 = 1.445 Btu/lb·oR
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    =
    s2 s_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    Ed I m =34.43 Btu/lb
    Ed = - To * (s1 - s2) T2 =523.8 of

    1'£075:

    620

    600

    580
    i:L
    0

    f- '"
    560

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    1) ise«..s S lOS'\.
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    a
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    P2 (Inf/in. 2 )

    7-51
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    I
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    7-~
    IT Code
    p1 = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 800 II oR
    =
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    =
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    =
    To 530 II oR

    T2 =T1
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    V1 = 1.481 ft3/lb
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    S1 = 0.5167 Btu/lb·oR
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    S2 = 0.6941 Btu/lb·oR

    =
    mdot AV1 I v1 =
    til 67.5 Ib/min
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    7000

    6000

    5000
    ~

    c
    'E 4000
    ---
    :J
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    "0
    3000
    ·w 2000

    1000

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    ""100: DEffteMf"'-'t.) P(f./l.Atv;t- ~ ....... ss-f/otJ.n·"'j/ ~ t.t.:>C)~'c. clcVC{0f'o(!d --tIf..--eo.Chtt
    ~ ~""'L'cpr Of Co .... ~I vo(u~J-t"-e e", e r5'1 des tyvc-h'oY1. 'DISG<.,)SOS'.

    ~C.H~ fv',A7t<: ~ c: 'v G N 1:>" 7"'1:


    ,
    (b)
    ~::-'2
    lit
    ~
    ,.
    T~ =: 4o o F" P... I'S' IlIfl,·.. a.
    t
    f\: 7S '''fle'..1. PI. =Is '''HI..
    I
    T, ~ &OOO~ Ta.= ,"ooOR I I
    "\ ~ 400 His oii:. 100 ItI s
    I---~'
    "~~u~P'TIONS: <") T"'e Coo",of 1 If.'...... e$ '''' +lo.e ..c:c.o"""'""~'·"3 4.·'14,. .. ,tr~ .. t: l'fotdy
    ,~..-t... (.'L') \~e .." -+vA"" .CI" 11:.,
    pt.tt. o..'\. h._per ... . ...re 'l'b' U) T".t'~ ,'" 110 dffl1'
    of ~r'o.v"+::1' (,4)
    0., ....
    AN"'-V~IS:
    ,·de...l ,.s. Fi>... 't"'e tl'\"ill'o",,,,~,,1., 10::. 6tb~Po&.I_+""",

    A .. s ... u.a~ a~o..+~ a..", t""."",,>, ..... t" " .. l ..~(c. ('~du('~s fo
    (<;) A,· ... c', "'"'.d.lcd

    Ql·"....
    ..
    0::. (i)c." - Wev
    t
    ~ ~ t~I-"'\.) ~ LV; ;.'1; ) "*' ~ J
    'l I 0 "

    . ' ~ \. .~l
    't!.!..v" ~ ~ (. '" I • "''' ) ~ ,,\h-=.!I. )
    ~ It.
    w,+'" cl ... ~ .... ""'0_ ,... ltl... A- ;).2E
    "3-

    ~: -'2.. ~ ~r,tl- 11-3.47) ~ .. (400)':.lIta)~(f.i%I.)


    ~ 110 ... 1b (2.) )1.1. IIt,Si' '17,foHltf
    ~,f" ~
    =: 4q.33 ~ ..
    ~
    C» >'\1vl>1 Volul<A. <(0 )
    '1"'.. e )/'.er') y des j-fvch'Oo', CAI\ ~e" .. , u .... cI Ill,) t"e cl u Co\'""j .."" e)(.e r~
    "Ate. \) ...\ AW\C&,. -r"'I4\

    :. [l- ~]~)~ ~ ~ [("I-"&)~'To(St·St)"' ":'~V;),]


    "I ...-tv•• ..,e.("'~ E.,,(l) CIt"" \,· ...... t.~l'·"'j

    ~ = To l e,a. -f, ) - r;~/:' ] (2)

    Tio
    Or, ~ ... 0. .... ",,4e .. l ~Af (AU"'...... trco ... e)

    ~ ~ To ~o<.,.,,).
    ~
    l SO(T,) - 'i ..t- ~ I
    M ~
    o;cv.:..~ J
    w: +.... el ...", _ foe- 0 _ T .. 4Jlc A-'22.:E

    Ed. ,-= 500 ell r (.o."1~07 - O•..,SSt


    ~ L

    eo",o\vo( Vo/v ..... e. Co). 5't$'. (,)-(~) pp


    I\.Q. """"",'", A 'I' CA b' e ' Tw...r

    §!. ~ S' O'OOfi-l e. 0 4082 (- 'Z. 8+110/ Ib) J


    ~ ~~·il

    \),sc.vsrrl'N\~ Tl....t .rre l/-ert,I?"I,~ i~ "F~~fe.r -f.,.- Co",1v-of VO(VIAAJI , , ) h-e.<:.Av.~ ~ .e"'fAY5e J
    c.o.-..tv'Ol vo(VIM.<. "dd...·f,·olo1.~ cS'o\.o\.('c:.e tJ! ir-r-e I/~"'ri h: (,'-ry : -t'-t. irr~v~rr"l? ;/,'1,
    ktLS 411\
    a.SSOc..... .. ~d CJJif!,... I.....t.d -tnt... rf-.- .fv~~ -h-...j-!,,'·...e·r S(.,c.."'frcc~ ~ ~"\A.YI'1H/",cL.·"'1~· Fav-
    Colli. ivo I V olv~ (A)) ~ l,,_u.."t tvtHU' -f4..- ~ c.t ,'r a", eyk"",-....t. ,'rr-e Vl'rr"~ iI,'ry .
    kNOl..Qty: i"",s\,(,\~e.A sk,w~, -k.wb\~e or~:u".~·v\.j
    AV\ 0..+ s~,,~ s+-.*e. ~c.e\·vea ~h~6\W\
    a.f o: kVl-oW1'\ ~~< aM.,J. €~lAcu ..u/-s cd o: 'W""" r..e~SUYe.
    PINT.?: Plot -flu. e~",~.Jes-\Y(.A.~ ('ec.;{l2. pe'(" U-1Ai..t ot S+~(A.\M. t-Lol-Ol"J versus
    {SeMt'fO(\\'\.C. +UX'o\lA..e et-KclelAUj (~(~ frOM '10 +0 160°;4.
    SC(,f~tc $ C,IVfJ0 J)+p\: T , P.: 400 I~{./t~~
    Tt:bOODF
    / / ! -!.J-( n.~ ~ 1.0
    _(+-1)--+1'!.-~- - / ft.
    ().7 S.
    ~\\
    Pt :: 100 l.ti I , I/ . Po:. I AhM \
    I", ?- I; 1 4-~
    1.:...
    To=- 60 q:: 0

    7: :(PDooF I II = 5z.o°/2..
    ,---- - ~'-+-.
    I I I / Ii -li ('1.) p'Z,.:: I '",-1-1 t~1 ~~ 1-
    ' S
    A$$V. MPTIO~S : (I) riAe. <..o"",f.rol vp(UMe sk.owY\. is ste.,,-~ .sh:oIe, (l.) t:or fl,\Q. a,+
    -Itu"'b\cAe. > ~ 0 ~ kl'Cte.f..\c. ~ (fO~V1+Ia.( eV\eV"~ ~ e.c.fc.ds C~\A. foe. V\~(edeJ..
    a.tlf
    (~) Fo'f" ~ exeyq'j ("~feV'~V\Ce. eV\vi,("oV'\'MelA.t> To:' S2.0 DR) Po ~1. C4.~.

    ItNAi.vSIS ~ To d.e~liAe. +k.e e)CeVtj~ eles.fyt,(C~ raN) t.V(l. b~ltA wi~ ~s aM.J
    ~+n~~ role.. Ioo-l,"",e.~ ~~~ '(~e. ok> ~we..
    0:: ~ + ~(Sl-SZ. \ + q-,v => 6'wln,., :. (5,&--S, )

    .
    bJ!yV. : To( 51.-S I ) (I)

    $, \AC~ 1>\:::' 400 lbfl~·l.\.'~ T 1 : ~DO~F) ~ \ is i", 4t\..t. sl.tfe Y" ~~+e.~ v",?"'f" 'f~l·()\I\. atv.J
    f1t.e s~e is -P0<.~. To ~ sWe '2.) we. use ~ ~~V\.tr~,,\c. fux'b/lA.e. e.qicie~tej
    V\ -\.1,
    \1\-6::' r< _V\ ~s ~~, ~ "" \ - '(\-l (k ,- k2.~) (z.)

    1.0lcz...u. \'\"L~ lS o..e-\-e.-yVV\\~e.cQ l.LS\~ ~~I ~~.'Z. CAM.tJ. s~~ ~ 5, . ~ )~iK


    f2,.:.l h '4
    l(.~ -h"O'M ~('l.) ~ \\. ) 5~ (JJ.J.A b..e de.+exM~""~,
    .5CA.!+$I-e calcula,+-io-K : :
    I(!~E ~Yl-l:: : o. '7} R'on-a jQ,bl-e A-4E...) h~
    t 130(0.<.:. a~/lb
    ~ SI:: I. 58'l'2. e>hA/lb· 01Z.. W\-\-'\A s'l.S :. S I -= I.S8«t~
    ')G t.5 ":l. S 7. ~ - Sofa. : I. 5 8~ '2. - D ,I ~ 27 : D. '18tj 3
    s /9 a.. J' 84.5 3
    ~ ~'Z.~ ::. ~'h. ~ x,1.S ~~'l.~ (PQ.,4 + (.75"3) (103E>.O)::. B81.+5 BkA-/lb
    fV OVV\ ( 't. ")
    hl.":: h,- V\~(~,- ~1.s) ~ l30~.(,.- (.l)(I~Ob.b- 887.45) = 10/'3.2. ~/11
    h~-OI.·1 ~i-k...12-~1 (~(I~.t.j X :: ~7.-"'-t~ ~0'1/01 ~ s~=$r+)c Sf :IBI~2~
    ~ '2. ~.
    f) 'a.. 71. ~ ''2.' Ib-~
    lks
    Ed.{ y\,.. = To( S2, - 5,) ::. (5 2.00~)(r. Bl3'2. - J :SgC(z) ~~R
    = llll>· ~ tO~/l b -4
    PflO e>c,EI.!\ 1. 5" (Cd\t\+'c,(.)
    The d.CL~ -to ~rn'\ . d" fl.1e. Y"e.tu"w-eJ plo-r 4.re o~t·l-\.eet u..~\ ~ IT) as fo llows·.
    IT Code
    p1 = 400 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11°F
    =
    p2 1 Illbf/in. 2
    eft = 0.7
    To = 60 + 460 II OR

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) IT Results for TIl = 70%


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) =
    h 1 1306 Btu/lb
    s2s = s1 h2 = 1013 Btu/lb
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2s) h2s = 887.3 Btu/lb
    S1 = 1.589 Btu/lb·oR
    =
    h2 h1 .. eft * (h1 .. h2s) S2 = 1.813 Btu/lb·oR

    Ed = To * (s2 .. s1) S2s = 1.589 Btu/lb·OR

    =
    h2 h_Ps ('W aterISteam", p2, s2) Ed /m = 116.5 Btu/lb

    Pl.-or:

    120

    100

    n 80
    '§
    .-
    rn
    ~

    60
    ·E
    -.
    -ur"C 40

    20

    0
    70 80 90 100
    111 (%)

    Fr"M fl-t e plof,we see -f'ka..f (ower "alu~s.. e~ ise~trop\·C. -k.wb, ~<2. eutcie\tCj
    cot(('€f.r OM 10 \V1Crea.seA ~\1J~ ~ec+rv..e+iov\. J ~ e.)(pec-k-J..

    7-ft5
    ""'ow"'~ $~y-s~"'e. DP_('_f'iV\j dtll.-f~ <'..(~ C0lNf't-f>S.sor. prolllde d for Oll'\ &t,',..
    FIAJD: D4!~~"'" ;-£u f0c..u-f>,. f'e<tv/I'ed h~ -tv........ C~""-"-r--ft'or a."d tN~
    '\ ~.6\"j'1 d's-tyvcff"""', €'f.fA-'s.s -ttv A?c.gr,':J cl.-r!vvch'U\-1 ~ "" pi:rce ... t-e-J~ ttQ"'t-t-v...
    pow~" i~ pu.J '
    sc~rMf'li(C 8,GIIJ't1V 01'\7"": ASSu(Y\p,ICH,J S:

    \' T""-O co.--\VOl s 1--..0 t.V V'\ " .,


    r, .... '!"~ ~ c£-..# VIA#.
    VC:>llJ"""'<,
    h' c. is .... f- s-it"Ody s+o.te) Qc:v = o ,
    ~

    ---+I
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    I I 2- I'
    2, €.ff'c+'" u-f
    I\,.()t~e:t .
    Q)a· Pnv- ~ """'G.c!.[~cJ
    1M0 h' OY\ A"'c!

    ~
    'j r41 v:;-.,

    "1."1
    c/)V\ be.-

    4. To = 2.CfOl<) Po -:. I Io#-r

    Aj'o.)AL."(SIS: MDss e..l'\d e..-,.S,? ~ Lo,...(Q,rtLU l\A.<Luc-e to ,,~


    "k'0. .
    O-=~cv-'Nc" +"'"
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    "l.2'V"l.. -t ~_I-'Z~) J
    (..•""- c!.. ...· h. ft-- ......... '7 o--(,..L. It r 1.1.

    Wev -:. 1M <. '" ,-I1"l, ) ~~. '3 ':f) [ Z'to.1fo- 4'Z.1. ~(", J ~ l,':~.r' = -~cr.33 I~ W ~ Wev

    Tho, ~/).~e.t ~e."t'-d.o1'tvuC.h""", c...~~ ~btp.~IN~ .~'1. I\AcLue..''''-, tH1


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    ~ '" tv (I" "1 . " r--t ... ck. )
    e
    () ~~
    ~ "'4 4-1M (tl-fJ.) -t~ ..
    J J
    ~ ~ -=- w: (~l - SI ) =- \M C ~ °(72, ) - s O(T, ) - I~ J.-.. {>, / r't J
    ev % 3J'{ ~ ] t::r \. lj(.Wl
    -= (o::H~;s91 [ Q.0414-l - l'b' gv2. - "2'e.4i" ~ I ~'k I t:;Jb
    ... o- () IT 4 ",W
    K

    RJ(, ~'",,~ 6. ~ h' (;)

    e ((2.8 tfv)
    (~~v J'
    c;.of t<W :::. 0.12
    ~C\.33 '/-VI

    7-~
    "Nowry', 0re-v~L"'1 ~ wn. pro"iJ..eJ ~ (MA. \lAstAAdcJ ~fesSo-r Q.+ S~ ~kk.
    ~: 'D~erM,"v\e (C\) ~ e~H te,~e'('a..~re.J ~b) +k f0v...>Vr lV\f\.l+) ().N..i.. Cc) -\Ike. ex.e.~<j
    cA~trv..~ Me. e..~r('e~seJ ~s (10. ~e.rce~ ek ~ 'POWer("" i\ol\~\'c';' , 2,.5 I 1-

    5cM-6fMAnc • 'l VEJ0 J)~.. 1" I

    I I I /
    I
    R'I~q~ II 'I ,
    I

    (I) I ' (z,) ~= cr bo...r ,


    T,~ -lOo" /, ytc: 0. ~
    \' \-=-l.4 bo..r I' To=' 20°<::. = 2..<13 k
    ~ -::. 'Z. 9 0 ,,~/'" I ~:: I b~.,..

    4 $SUMPTlON5: (I) TIAe. c.crn.wol volLt~e slAowY'\ is ~-+ s+~ ~,(2.) ~or -f1...t. ~m,l
    \l6~)Qc.v~o o.M.d "~~e-t-LC ~d poteut-ia.( eV\eV'~'1 ~t-ee.ck CAN\. be.. l'\~Ie.d-~.
    ('?l\ Fe-r +1M. e~e.~<:1 (.e,W~ el.\.VI('OY\ 1M.A.d) To -: 2.13 ~) po:: L ~t".

    4NAL'iSIS:(cl) To +.\",J ~L e~~t -t(,.~e~C(,ktve,we. be~ill\ wit-IAft.e. i.&el,4.+rc:>~lc.


    U> ~('e.sso('

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    *~ ~~S-~I
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    wi~ ?'Z.~ 'I bcAv- ~ s'-5: 5 , :=.o.qc,,0CD j h2.S ='281.CPS'" kJll~, Tlu.t.s
    ( ,.Js"3.. ~5" - ;241.4 0)
    ""-"2,.= ;L<.f1.Y04- O,~"2,.. -.::.;Lct~.qq k."Slk~

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    ~:~3~~ ~
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    \V\ -:.~= W\

    o= j;(::- W," +'.v. (((...,-l.~) +~.>f.0~ t ~ ~:.~


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    7-h7
    PRoBLE.M =t.5'1
    l;.NO\.o,lN: -k 0re.-rtlth·If\' cl~+",,- A.y~ pyov,'ded -/rtv IA .s~"v\ ~Y'b,~,
    s+-P.7 -s+
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    'iree-\. fiQ.,J S ~~ J w~ -t....4c...v'1'\5 N.J +v-o. .... s 1-+ ~ »:r: If), PIS~ s s .
    SO c. ~ r M A-Tl C ~ G 1\) ~A..J 1) 1\7A : Qcv

    I
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    I I l 2-
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    AC'V~ H'r' po TH"i.TtCAL.

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    IIJ,...t ij"""'Of"-J. +. 10= 3oot::(z..::rCl C ) , p~-= O.IM(7~.
    AIUAI..."'(S'IS:(6)1k.L,c...·"'5 ""'-.s~ ~"" <...-.. .... s'J ~ IoA("''''(~1 J us-e '5'~r

    Wev :; ht- h, =6,,!·t...- 2. (.,7 S· S"'"') ~ -= 51!.( Y:-;;){t::'ct


    ~ ~1 J
    R.o clu ~ '" ~ ~~s ~ ~ ~ ".....:J:-J. l.o t1'- LA. If\ U4

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    ;:- ."
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    (b) K,ass ~~d


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    I ....

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    'S-\4lt/-e. "'Z.. \-+-eo..+ +r4l\I'lr-f-..- occurs O""'1-..t 'lb, "3. A-ll"'''''; IMod-t"~d ~ ~
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    :: -l'" 69 \5::J
    ~j'

    El(r"VSS~d At P""'C'#I'\t.-,~.s i ~ W o..-Ic w:, I'v....*":

    }-

    1-70
    KNOWN: S+e-o'1- STA.+~ OP....... ti..,j cled-o.. a.,.~ prov,a-ed fo r: ~ w40fel'-JAc.teeW
    (lir CO~P'~ Hol".
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    I
    12- pote""h·..l (""'''j'1 c f~cts Gl""cl Qev-=.O.
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    A;,)

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    (Av)I':.qOO~
    I,'IT+:~oO~4- 4. 10= 2.Cll31c('l..O°c); Po: I,,-t--..

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    ~ t'~

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    W\,_~V-)I =
    U",

    ,k''''/IN'',"" L1 I J l1 l- f-u- T~ A·2.2. o."cl e,. '3.'2.010 (P-.",P3)

    v.Jcv -: l lOO'{.C{ ~ )[?.ClS.n- St(~,c;~] ~ ~ (('(c>O ~) (~. let ~IC.) (-l 0'" )
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    ch" ':: ~,l SO(Tl.) - sOCIi) -R J-P~ I P,) -t- ~3 C ~~


    "t:t
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    :[llO.S~ + lq(".~<. J ~<." ~«.ookI/~ I ':. O.O~c;~'t K:
    "-3" I \Ie. \AI ~ \Iv

    .' Ec\ = ~<i-cv ':: 0-q~l<)( o.os~r~1\C~):: ').$,02.. kW

    7-7/
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    {II G.St"

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    I

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    PRo 6L EM r.'3
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    2.t:tJt:::: C'ZOclc.) J Po: I A tIM.

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    -
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    '-',::
    ~"
    S, = 7./tfolo 1-'.:1 (IC, ·1<-
    (clou-ble i., \-e...rCll,p' ""') . Tke "l, wi ~ E ,. (I) 4ll'\ cI h U' d t. ..... K.4.4 ft! 1M" Ik s~ =S I
    )('2.S~ S2.S-c;.f- :: '7-1\10"-1·'0"'" ~ o,q,-4 ) \1'J.s::, .... (7.f.J ~4i"'1)(2.1S"e}= 2s,t./.3S
    51- Sf 7.3r&fI.J~{·1ot" - ~,g

    L.. .... Y\ (I. ,~ ) _ IN'f.f g(~lq1.\--2.r"'1.3)~ ~1o$.3 ~ -:i!:t T, -= Ilf.+oCj


    ~'J.-- ~'1 - to rla- ..,~s - - I 0
    s-..:7.'H¥3 ~~/~s·l::. So J \u:~ E'jf.(1.)(l)

    . ( )1)( 1'10 - , r D U 3) ~J ~J = SS.5'2.t<W EL ':(OI'~S:)(2.c ..a)(1."'313-1.I'ID'):: II). &rI<.W


    'f.JC'I ': o"H~'
    J
    lo.t 3 ,.j- .. 71, "'"'
    J
    I~
    4
    J G

    IT Code
    =
    T2 T Ph("WaterISteam", p2, h2)
    =
    Wdotcv mdot * (h1 - h2)
    p1 = 14 II bar Edotcv =mdot * To * (s2 - s1)
    T1 =350 II °C
    p2 = 1 II bar IT Results for TI! = 80%
    =
    To 293 II K h 1 = 3149 kJ/kg
    mdot =0.125 II kg/s S1 = 7.135 kJ/kg·K

    eta =0.8 h2s = 2592 kJ/kg


    h2 = 2703 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) S2 =7.433 kJ/kg·K
    =
    s1 s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) =
    T 2 113.6 °C
    h2s =h_ps('WaterISteam", p2, s1) W = 55.73 kW
    cv
    h2 =h1 - eta * (h1 - h2s)
    s2 = s_Ph("WaterISteam", p2, h2) Ed = 10.9 kW

    7-7.3
    PR08£-EiVl 1." 3 (Cntfo(.)

    PLOTS:

    350 70

    300 60

    250 50

    200
    ~ 40
    ~

    o
    ~

    I-
    N
    150 i:) 30
    'S
    Q) 100 20

    50 10

    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    111 (%) 111 (%)

    45
    40 1)\sW.~S;Ot\. :
    35 t. 'Th.e. c.Q..8e. c* v\'*" lOOe,,/o (_oJ(esp~ to
    30 ~ 11M I.A-IA'\ ~uJe,r fA.N..A. =l.ero elC.e-Y"j <j
    25 &~.fy~. Th.e. C4A4. e{- ~ 0
    ~
    ~

    20 cor~'fo~ io:wro 'P~ ~


    ·w
    "'0
    'M.J}..}(.1W.1.l~ oQ.JC~ cte4fv'(,l~ .
    15
    10 2. ~ ~ ~ &t- ~~Ov ~lS
    VtO w(}(k)~ ~ ~~~
    5
    (N. o, ~h~ ~'(Oc.e~) Wl~ Y\~':!~\'
    0
    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    111 (%)

    I. The. .f~t porh 011\ 0 f fl-te. p lot Coo r r-e r poo'ld.r it> )(2. ~ {.O. 4+ +h..I.k.-

    s~tes fl-& -k""'~"'D-hAr~ C-4'(''I'o4J~''''dI ~~ ~A+-"r .. hcn..... ~.........,,<.r6~t'-e

    o..t p':. O·l ~Po...

    7-74
    tc:Noc,,"\,J: S+c-I'1- s+""f~ Ope.rA+"~j tJ~:f-A. c:l.r~ 'P..-ov,'cled for 41\. S-k4H'\ tLc.r b'-"e.
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    f
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    ro. .. ~I·"" ~~ 80 +0 IOOO~
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    ,00 HJ f Ith t.

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    'Nt. '= ~ ( ~I - h..."): Yl t ~ ( h t - h u) (I )

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    IT Code
    p1 = 100 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 500 11°F
    p2 = 1 * 14.696 Illbf/in. 2
    mdot = 300000 II Ib/h
    eta = 80 II %
    To = 70 + 460 II "R IT Results for TI! =80%
    h 1 = 1279 Btu/lb
    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1) 51 = 1.708 Btu/lb·oR
    51 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) h2s = 1118 Btu/lb
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteamil, p2, 525) h2 = 1150 Btu/lb
    525 = 51 =
    52 1.756 Btu/lb
    =
    h2 h1 - (eta 1100) * (h1 - h2s)
    W = 3.864 X 107 Btu/h
    =
    52 s_Ph ("WaterIStea mil, p2, h2) CV
    $ = 905.7 $/h
    Wdot = mdot * (h1 - h2) power
    CostW = Wdot * (0.08 I 3413) Ed = 7.623 x 10 Btu/h
    6

    Edot = mdot * To * (52 - 51)


    =
    CostE Edot * (0.08 I 3413) $
    exergy
    = 178.7 $/h

    Pu:;r:

    1000
    _.a-----__ --- --- -- -- - --- -
    ~-
    ~-

    750 -
    ~ ---.- power
    s:
    -k-- exergy destruction
    ~ 500-
    .~

    250 -
    k---

    o
    80 85 90 95 100
    11t (%)

    .4+ h'l~"'e'(" '1o..lM.e-s e~ V\t 1 ~e.~€-·15 lec;s exeV"~ ~ destru.c.flo~ ~ qvEtX,Jer


    r"v-J.e'f eutpv.t) ~ expe.c..tetl.

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    pYen\..-\.r~, (\-) ;:vV' the e"v'f"ov\j<Y\e.,t) 70'= r()oF J Po= {~{.W\.

    ANAL.'t'SIS \
    ~s "',S~

    7-77
    P~BLEM 1","10
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    IT Code
    p1 = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 II of
    p2 = 150 Illbf/in. 2
    p3 = 1 II Ibf/in. 2
    To = 60 + 460 II oR
    x3 = 0.98
    IT Results for X3 = 0.98
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) h1= 1322 Btu/lb
    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) s1 = 1.676 Btu/lb·oR
    h2 = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2) s2 = 1.707 Btu/lb·oR
    h2 = h1 s3 = 1.941 Btu/lb·oR
    s3 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, x3) /Ed/ril) = 121.4 Btu/lb
    Edvalve= To * (s2 - s1) ~ valve

    Edturb= To * (s3 - s2) /Ed/ril) . = 16.04 Btu/lb


    ~ turbine

    7-7Cf
    rLDT:
    150 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    .c
    '§ 100
    iIi
    ~

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    - - turbine
    .w"O 50 ---A---- valve

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    0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98
    X3

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    - ncr elC~~'1 (.IJo.t'~;.~ ocJ' h'1-f'1o- W ,.t-er o.4b 'r..'N ( 0·9%)
    - e-« h'~ 'f usWve.h'W\
    CO~(~~t,.r S'.gg leW ( U·l'tO)
    ~e...t """c.~~..-r 4.)"" kW- ( 9.0%)
    ~"bA ~\V
    P1(OBU5M 7.qo
    /rCIJOW N: 1:.1 .....""·0..... r. 3~b
    fiND: Plot; E. verru.sTv.!To .fc..- 7S/To=8 o....... dS.e{e~+ec:lVo.u...Pl0f YL.
    ANAl..YSlr:

    E:=. 'Y\ [\-Tc:./Tu.


    L I - To ITs
    J::. 'Y\..[ 1-70 /7....
    I - -l..
    e
    J = J!"Y\
    7 .{
    [t- ~] (l<-

    1.00
    II - 100%

    0.80 II - 80%

    0.60 II - 600/0
    E
    0.40 II - 400/0

    0.20

    2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

    Tu/T o

    1.00 11 = 100%

    0.80 11 = 80%

    0.60 11 = 60%
    w t.-.6E
    0.40 11 = 40%

    0.00 7""~::-:-.....l--:--:--L_----''---_....I...-_--I-~--L--l
    1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

    TjTo

    • I..v\.\el/\ ~ I'S {IX.-e.d ) 0.& 'Y\. iVl~se~ ) IOING'" U4A- .,.es-fu~:k"'.('e.I o.rCo.l\Ow.ed .

    • tvt..,q", ."'/'0 is ,f.,..cci, ...., V'\ \"'e....-o~1 E: l'..,e"re..A.1~S.

    ItA $11_) 0.. ~~k ~·rJt.I...... ff.·c.......'7.I1) ~At pr•• f\·.:.....f "('lilet.·Tr. SOl ".of'-
    f... d.~loltW" ~ ... cl ~~t.6",cI~/c2W- co",r'~.'eJt"'l)"'1 ~ ,·"""p"... t«"'t i ..... pl-O"..'"
    (>~J /lJLtov..'I'ce vii "lA-h·(J\o\.

    '1-10'0
    ?~LeN "f.q,
    ~NOlUN: O~A,*,'''', c::lA+~ afe p~ov.·d.d for- A"" e(4l"cfy\'~ e..vo.f4", N,+~.
    Fit..., D', ~lfl S-E" GlAd e If ~'" VA -14 A",- l" X e 1'" «h:«: e f-h' c..e'~ 11\ CAj .
    'Sc ", M ~.c c g ~L Clr~ 'D~ 7"":

    A ~ SVMPTIONS:
    r;::-
    \. Tlo\.. s"f S'ok..... c'e sk.I.V11 ......: ~ ACC.O......".K--r·tI\.J
    I
    i L.1&UlD I ~C."'-M-CA.,,·C , at =: 0 . .
    I """Tefl, I J, T .... U»of~,.. CA"" b-t ~d~/~d cu "l'1coW\('rtrs,'ble
    IT,.: 288\<., I
    e-"+~ co", st.", .. ~p ee.-.p,"( ~ t- c.
    I 1i:1l3K. I
    '" 1/ / / / / 1 I( 3. T"'- sf--.... s oJ +&...1 I'VSI~+O"" ~cl ~~'=. clo ..,..+
    .;;=c c..""'-~ ~ -e, •
    ------' ~, 1 0 ': 'li :. "2.B el< .

    A~Al.""S'S: ArpJ~I'''5 ~ c./os.d s-'1S+C~ e.¥-.e"'j'j bAI..,.,C-CL

    .6E = t.~j~ -LW-~ - Eol

    ~ (-w) = 4£ + Eel
    Tt-u.+iSJ -t~ .k~r'J fv-ppl,'.d io+t-r'1JH""".elp( .......,·c.({~}(-W)J ~ ej~...­
    s.fwt>"J AS} Or "'sr.-o~.eclJ ed.
    TlM..as, 0"", e.v-4Pr:J-e h·c. effa'cAplI'\'i ~ f1o... tv,..""", Ce~,.,)'s Ivrcod! ev.-rf'1 ,.... r cNl)

    • T~ II\v~. "4ll h>(' LA. '" b. e \fA lvo. -f.e c:l \I 1'1'\"1 ~ 6 1 ' 7,/0 all. cl ;( HII"""1'h "'" Z c:a.eI

    AE: L\.V+ 0~ToDS z: ... c (7-'-;;) -70 ....C;..~ (,)

    o Tko.. l..A-'ort. i lI\ ~J CCA..... b..,. fovt\. d f"""", a..., e 1"\A.r($(J v.,,... \4 t\.~
    1::J.1..J::-p - r;.r :=) (-vv\:. W\ C(Tl--r.j

    c...e n,W""\ 6 '$ l)l J 3

    Me [(Ii -'I, )-To ~t!'l.ITI)J -= J _ '0 k-(Tz./T,)


    E'" WI<:. C. .,.~ ~T.1 (..,.1. -T,)

    " Tk.\s c.../ c"/A-h'W\ Sk.oUolJ' +~q 6"~'lI\."':J WA~ ~''''' ""'~"f"S 1'00., w~
    1 +t...A e~Q"'f1~ w..ru.J-: -e,1.t.M"c..';". T"~ e leetvic.'·"*1 ~v-r"l"tcl k~.{'
    e, ""-5" ro+~"''''''-t fo\'" u.!~ j 1oeJ- 0",1"1 f~l~'wl.; {oW'- ~-..p.. r~+cA"'e
    w..-#a.r ~ ob+-.c't1eci ~ .e-.cc£u."'J.e. l"N tclr~e.st tJf -t/IY I'l\r~
    yortiCM.
    ~ d"Ch--6~e.J 10:;, lr('~II.,~/,l-t·e.., ~i~'lI\ -t'- e.v.. ,h" "'e,..~j ~ ~
    "'"""-0 S·" VI. S'nf eo d ~ 9.J:i.- l.MJl '

    1-1 0 I
    'PR.o8L€M T. ez 1-
    ~NowN: Sie~'I- S+A"~ Op.o(4t.-h'tI'\j c:J4.~ o..'f! prOIl,d.d fUr _ ~."d - kto Id ~,',. dr~r.
    EI"-'P: (A) EV4/". te, +'- pOI4l4U· "~('v.k. Cb) 'D.V\S~ 4"d .VA'VA-k, 4"" e~."eh'c.'ffi'cc~""~,
    SCt4-t.MI'\TIC &,(;( 11~"" D"T"'~

    T2 - 83°C
    P2 - 1 bar ASs\) "'" 1> "flO N S:
    V2 - 9.1 m/s
    Air A2 - 18.7 cm 2
    Tl - 22°C l- Tlu Co."hoDl VolCllN\t" S'~WI'\ ,..." +~
    Pl - 1 bar
    Vl - 3.7 m/s a('c.oJMpA"'~''''' -A,14'f t t Ai S k,d y
    StAH,
    1. tbt'ff- cOt'\hol 'Idiu ..., <liev:.O o.~
    pok",h...t eH,.... ''J -et~c:tJ' c.o..""
    ~ '5t'\.et"ecL
    3. ~t' c4 ......d.i~cl GU ~,y 0.$ CV\
    l'cL,,~ S4 S .
    4, 10: 24i~~ (1.l..°C),

    Analysis:
    (a) The power Wev for the control volume in the accompanying figure can be evaluated using mass and energy rate
    balances. At steady state, the mass rate balance reduces to give m, = m2
    = m, Using this relationship between
    the mass flow rates together with assumption a, the energy rate balance reduces at steady state to give

    Wev
    . =
    .(
    m hI - h2 +
    vi -2 Vi)
    The mass flow rate m can be evaluated from the expression
    . A 2V2 _ A,"4V "I.
    m = --v;- - RT-a./Pl..
    2
    [ 18.7 cm 2](9.1 ~)(105 N
    2)
    m = (100 cm/m) s m = 0.0167 kg/s
    ( 8314 N'm) (356 K)
    28.97 kg'K
    Then, with specific enthalpy values from Table A-22, h, = 295.2 kJ/kg and h2 = 356.5 kJ/kg, the value of Wev is
    obtained as follows:

    Wev = 0.0167 kg [295.2 kJ _ 356.5 kJ + (3.7 m/s)2 - (9.1 m/s)2]1


    s kg kg
    1 N ~ll 1 kJ
    2 1 kg-rn/s-l l.Iu' Nr m
    11
    kg ( -61.3 kg
    = 0.0167 S kJ - 0.03 kg
    kJ)/1I kl/s.
    kW! = -1.02 kW . c E E = - - - - - - - - - - - -

    The minus sign reminds us that an electrical power input is required to operate the hair dryer. The change in
    kinetic energy between inlet and exit is seen to be negligible and is ignored in the remainder of the solution.
    (b) Since o:
    = 0 and m, = m2,
    the steady-state elCe~i rate balance reduces as follows:
    0 -
    O=~L~JQj - Wc.'1 + ~(efl-E'f2.)-e6 ~(-w",): ~(efz-ef/)+EJ
    J 'J
    l"'k.\.s reSIAI+ ~"-",,.s +~ ~ ..e,c4i~1 w.ru.:tJ{- . i. kv) J toifkrr.,O"1 ,'","", i ""t.t-eo.U"" ~
    ~'l.fH,.., of-tlv A,'r S\o(t>A_) k,-lef1-ff')J .."... &0 -l • .rtvo';).. c4,1 eel. ThusJ4H ~~4t"-u-,'C.
    .. H1c:..,·-tN\~ c#.... Ot" dc..(r·.... cl 04 0

    ~:: ~ <. e~z.-efl) _ ~t("'1.- ".) -1O{r~ -S,)]:: ~ U"~-"'0 -IO..(S~-s~ -~~/ft)J
    (-w~,,) - (-We,,) (- \JVc,,)

    w.. Yf... d~+",.. for""""'" "T~ ,4-1.t.


    CD E ~ lI:~
    (9,OI'-Tt:9/s)l(a~".~- ~C:U.2.) -;; - ~q3'''( "S7"'-I.fo •., t)~...
    F7'" 1l ~ J::.
    I~~" O.oClI C9.It(fJ)
    r:;
    C.l.02.~W)

    J. In this device, a relatively high potential for use electrical input is used to obtain a stream of slightly
    warm air. The low value of the efficiency e emphasizes that source and end use are not well matched.

    1-102.
    KNOW~: Frot\1 CW\ l~fl.L+ &+ elec.+rici+j J C4. AK~cc. ~el,,~e.V'.s e""u~'3 b~ h.t~ +tQMS~
    fAt ~ rwl-e ~ Qu. cd- "- ~ +e."1'E*a.twr'e o?- T14 • l1A.e. fu.y~ ,,~fWtikS a:* S-t~~
    sWe.
    ~: (0.) 'D~V~e. lAM. e)te.V1-d-i.c eU-lc.i~'J' <.1.) Plot tkp,,~ eU;ci~"'~ verSlA& T\.C,.
    \"a~ \~1 ~W\ 300 +0 ~ooK.
    $c "&,vdJC. f Gr\ \IE:).) 1)A:i"~"
    .
    We..
    ---
    --- - - - - --- - - - 7b : TIA.
    AssoMPT\o~s: (.) Tk~ c.fose& S~S-kM (~ A.t &+e~ s~. (2.) ihere. ~~ \AD
    5i(p~·'+\CiA.l.f.,t elA'C.rij ~~.fcr$ o~ ~ ~~e ~k..o~. (3) ~r +kL
    -€I/\,V\ \'0 l'\~~) To:' 20 °L :: ZA31< •

    AtJM'{~LS~ ~O) 4+ S+~ S~I~e. e)C.-e-Y-~'1 bA.laMCe. wiMA Ct.ss~~ 2. v-eAJI..s


    0:: Wflo - [ f- ~] G lA. - EC'l
    wW-e ~"'-t. \\M.\M.h...·h·cs ~Q. ~ Q~ 'V\.fJJJe. ~~e.1A -\-ctkev. tA.S pO$c,h VtL liA +ke.
    tl.\'(ec.+~ ~t- ~ oVf(OWS. f.~ ~i'~(~j

    We.: l- *] Q 14 + E.&
    (\~r~) (W~ft'") (~es~e.& \
    AV\ ~EW1~~ic. eq..~o~\I\"'j lIA fu ~ 0lMo'u.+//IAru-+ is
    {'" I - .Th. ., ;;.
    t :. l -r~ J utu..
    W<L
    W\~ cQu = we- ~ QM. e~er~~ b~~ o.t s-k~'j ~
    ~~ [I - ~ 1 .-4~-----------
    .
    (6) Tke. ...fctLow;~ 1'1 0 + ~ ~e\"~;teJ ~/~ rr l\)'l~ To ~z...&\3 :
    0.7

    0.6
    HCN'Yt ~ flot) ~ o~~vve ~
    0.5 I\A T", -+ To > ~ .....It O. M$C>,) E-
    \~ ~JUlP-S~S V'"~\d ~ wi-a.. 1'\,4 ) ~Mce
    0.4
    co
    a..s l\A ,V\(,('~.s \~S ~)Ce-r1j cs
    0.3 cA't!-s.n-tl t;)eJ. ?e~ 1A. ~t s-t e)t~ 'j
    J

    0.2
    To =293K l "'fil v.X ~ ~\~c.-+r·u~ iTj ·

    0.1

    0
    300 400 500 600 700 800 900

    r. (K)

    7...103
    'P~LEM r.'f4·
    f:.NOCuN= S~-a1- St--~ ope~ .. tif'\:J clo.~ A.fC p".ovicl~d -fur ~ sk~"" ""fA~Io"l1e.
    FJ,..,i)~ EVAlued'e +ke "H·K~",·(+u.t-Io".-tttefh'CA'~"H7 a",ClI -+ktt e~~~,-eh·C.
    -tw- b\ lI'I~ ~*c..·.e""c'1'
    SC~""'~'TIC 8. GiVeN "D 1\7A~

    , ,,"
    1

    T{ ~ (000·1=' I
    f\~ClOO~"' ....

    As.r",MPTfOl'-'S: [, co... 1Yol V()tv~ s""-oWf'\ i"'-t....... ~c~~+t·~ i,s Ai f~...... '1
    T~~
    s\P.~. '2. 1='Dr~N> e~-tv-.\vDl~, ~cv':o )4llI'\~ ~"l'tf'h·c. o."'dpo+~",-h·..J.. ~1I\.""'1
    ~~Gh tMt n~",bl(t. 3· 70= 51..O-ItJ ~= li-:r/bf/·"~
    A1'0> Al."(St s: Usit\J 6,. '.48 J -t~ ,·,-elo'\fy0I~Hc.. -ttAtb,'ne ~fh·c.:et'\ci ~

    'i\t : WCII/"/'
    h\-I1U'
    fiT,-,T.. b#t' A-YIj h,= ISll.q 8'-I'b l so,:: 1.<t>~011J""'/ltJ·~. ~.~ ~~S=S, ClI,\- 14."1- IOf/ill:-
    T,.."f' A -ss ,i~
    ~ ': s£ _ Uli,°7 - 0.3/"" =o/lC{7
    s, -
    S'l.S -
    S.f - I· "''''foe.

    Tofw +N ~;t sp..;t..../ (~..Lvc.c. ~ ....,..,u· -I~""""" .s) ~ ~_lA"'c..e tu s« .KQ

    ~o - H"
    o I;..,)'VC\I .~:(,_ t.,) ~ [.,... _
    vvcv.......... Fl, - 1. - /
    L
    -
    t." _ We,,/;"':: 15U.'i -112 -; tt13.'t ~-kA.(lb

    T~ "" A.Jto 11-.1- \ bf I i "-c.., Iofi~ \t'\.. \C 10"\00


    J J T~ A· 'I c: ~ i l/"OO $2::' l. 1q0 'Z. B..../1(,· tJfl.
    CAN\

    A'(.orJA.l\~J
    '5 '!> s (3.&v. I ( f>
    €: =-
    [ <,~H.ct -1111/~) - su> ( I. {J>'lo1 -1.lQO -z..)] &~h
    'W'

    '3~~

    :: O. <g-~(p ( es .lP % )

    7-104
    P~oBLE M 1.q~-

    ",NQLUN: S~,.d'1-s ~-..+e CJp" f'".fi~j cJ.. f-~ Qfe P"'O II" d ed il'\ 'ProbleWi ':1. ,1- fo~
    o: v~hl( c. .... d +c.\.,.bl·~(" ;r'\ ser,·E's.
    fiND: tvr -+l-\e. fe.er-Io'rte, plot- +lItp c~"t'~~h"c. efft'e44ttl\ey verl W fa...... S~A.""'­
    t)v_l,'-I, ~-l -IJ1e +r.-.I" b"t1~ eX,T ra"'5'h, frDW'\ Cfo +0 /00 o/D.
    $cHrmAT/c c:f (;'tll'~DJt7A:

    As,SOl1MPT/O N s: I. ('0'" hool volvlM e.s ~ vac.l oS/l'lj


    +kt vAllie Q.~c:l tCA.,.billlt" (M~ *-..d7 st,..fe.4'"
    2. fiy;'~ c.ol'\.hol \It>(u~4fJ Glcv=o J "...0
    .3 +~ 1t'ctsIJf Yl-Wf"'""" .",et 1J"'" CA.~ ~-<=. V',.t:t
    P", ': 1II_/-
    i.1.-urcd. "TN ~"A..ct'·tM ~(,f""tS :t~~V'A'.,.e ts
    1\:: 2OO1.ltt
    1ft\. j", a.. (). +h.t'"ott I iV\.1 f"'-CCAS S .
    1j 'S~ooOF )(3
    3· 10.: 52,.0
    0
    ~) f6: 141M.
    ,

    At..> AL.'rSI S: TII\c -kAd,", e ell.r1~f1"C ~fA·CA·~\lH'1. t4 j ,'\f-e.M h, c,. r. 4 '1- . W:~
    ll'\.u'.~fcl Q..fS u ..... r-h'or\s J ~~ (tL", ..... ~ r--vsS-fOH Q"J'

    E :. h.,..- h3 . S\V\C.& h~:~, for~ +~.ri \1 ...,5 ~ f".,I I c.,...,~ .,~i


    (ha.-\\3)- To(~S3)

    Eo::. In, - ~3 (I). -:r '" Eq .o) h I ~ ft )(ed '" ~ -r..l t't ) "5'2. i ... t-"rf> cl \? ~ h.t:"
    l"'-~~}-"o(St-S:J) hi) p~, 0",0 \-\.1 " .... ~ s3 CA.t'~ f\l(-f'cl b~ '3)~3.

    SA....."I~ CA\C"'("'~'W\: ",=0."8. n-o"",'T•• leA-l./-cJ It,.:I'3Z'l., aNlh. T"~~(A~'I\~ ~


    "'..,=»If A·~e w,·.f\.-. l11.:~' A.:t ,rolbtli,,'j S2.=I..=to1e"B~I'··~. w;t" cI.. +... fr.-7~A-'c
    .,., to llDf/J'tt\ "3: '=-"T'J + o.~8(/()ib): iO 8 r'B~/(h ) . SJ: O. Ill?'" 0.180. 8'iS3) ': 1... •...1 J,Sfv./!b·oR.
    r"'Hrh·..., VAllAf'JI e-,.CI) ,,"'.J
    ~= (,.322., -LoB))
    (132.1.l- loSf) - ~2.0( I.Tb~8-1.qlfll)

    IT Code
    p1 = 200 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11°F
    p2 = 150 Illbf/in. 2
    p3 = 1 II Ibf/in. 2 90
    x3 = 0.98 80
    To = 60 + 460 II "R
    70
    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteamil, p1, T1) 60
    s2 = s_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h1) 50
    =
    s3 ssaLPx('WaterISteam", p3, x3) ~
    0

    h3 = hsat_Px(flWaterISteam", p3, x3) t¢


    40
    eft = (h1 - h3) I ((h1 - h3) - To * (s2 - s3)) 30
    20
    IT Results for X3 =0.98
    eft 0.6613 10
    h1 1322 0
    h3 1085 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98
    s2 1.707
    X3
    s3 1.941

    7-105"
    ",,",Oc..vN: S+c-..--d) s..(-J..:b. ope".."f,·f<'\.J ~f-z:.... AV~ pr-ovtc:L..d for ~ hvdro'ttV\. {..(,\r&l"'~.
    De+er-...~ (A) ~ "s.e ... ~"c:. fvrh,~~ e.+.ft·CA·-eIl\~) (h). +ke e)(t:V"~~h·c..
    +\4,.I"'n~ ef/1·c.,:efl'\cy, I
    SCf+l:MA-TCC ~ GiVG-1V 1)-I\7Ai

    -"
    t'\~
    II ¢8J/ ".
    'I "2-

    P2.:·:2. bo..r
    T

    ~S 1:4("" \ '
    PI":.

    1l ';. 450·(.. \.
    ~-
    ./ I '2. ~ l(gO°C =-~3~K
    -./v. ~O.lkcVs

    ASSUktlT(ONY: (I) ~ CD",ht vatu_e skD .....", ;VI,. -r~ h'U.f~ ir' ....+ S~U~
    s..'...,Ae. <.~) nr~ c.e>1-\..-\v-v\ V/)iu""""-l! <iJ~v-:"o/ o...... ~ 'f:=\""e+l't.(po~ ... h~ -e~Jf.
    c.~""Se..t ~"" ~ ij""-OY'ed. ('3) AI"''';' k.-.c>de..led ~ 6>..",- 1'~ "J"-' l.u;~ /co::. 'e'S1
    (4-) /he e'lt'.e""~y ~~..... CJ.. ~Vt r- UV\~...; .,Jb ~~ ~8 k: ,

    At-=>AL..'(SCS: C~)

    Y\t~ ~l- "'~ Cp(1j-T1.7


    -v, I - ~1...S
    = <:-pC 7" 7u )
    =

    Tv ~Q(~ef-ic.. ft,..r- bl'~~ e#'~'<?"'~ ~ ~ .1It'", 1,1 6,. ?- 42 I wL,...·c"'- 'o.e t'U\N\eJ

    "',-'-''L cp(7,_f1..)
    , St. 3·4-7", ~.'~
    :
    C,,(,,-T1..) - Tc[CpL..... 7.. - t- J- ~l R~ '1'( le~)

    e -

    ,-lob
    /t:NOc.uN "" A",- ioLo....-l ~Al' ................ <..D",-S+a. .. + 1'p .....-11..c.. ~ ,...... +.·0 Ie: e",~rs
    A 4-vrbl·lo\.A. 01.:>~rA-h"",) A.... .r+c...~ S+-.-k. ...d- II) p/ Cl ... d. ~PA""c:!.S
    e-.d...: A I... .f,· e. tl~ -to T:r., '2. .
    F='rtvo: 'i)~-kr_-. c...1u", ~V.a[u...L D+ ~ e')l.~""'3~hc. ·h....... b'·.,e. efhc.."HIC'::1
    e\C ce « c{s.f-kt V ... "'-t.~ • f -t'--<.. ; S~'" -/Yo p/"Co .. t-ft "Co/' ~ '" ('~ "
    SC/it'J\AAT,c.. e. c.IUG-/V J:>1I7~1

    .s
    ASSlJMp-r(ON~·. C\) T~ <:!....0~~t Volv~ 3'->c..v", I....:~ .f-.,u..r~ ts A.T-
    S~d~ ~+-z,...Ai." ('2.) fbV'" ~ c''II.",-fv-.1 V-"(U-.a. cS2CV=.O.J ~""d. ~ ~~c.:fI
    Of- IC\~:c:..1 pO f·h .f., #oJ e.~?O ~ 4k ,", "'-0 re d" (3 1 Te...... '4J L4
    ~WJ..J, as til I~-..J 'AS t.Nt-f1-..-. ~f.'ls+r. f ~pee.c"-h·c... ~Tr,d'l'C> 1<:. (4)
    i~ e}'.eV"fl'j r ~ ~ Q.\O\vlrlno'\~....i d"7o •
    A ~A L. T'S IS: T ....... JI......a.--, c : r ~ ............... ~ € ,>"Y1 t" T~ c..; ".~ E-fi. ft>.4-¥" tt"'cl
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    1-1°'1
    PRol3L-8M. -t. 100

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    ASSUMPTIONS '. (I) "T\e W)\~l VOlI.tWl~ ~~O\l.)\,\ ~YcJes (d
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    (4)
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    Ac (.&)Y tot!."" ~ l«j
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    ..
    2.5
    o.er 4 i I. ~e.~~ "'.5:' 5z..s
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    1'Y..u4 '" -:. I~Ob,~-ln4.4
    f\,..J. = 0.',,,,a (
    71.t:t %) ••. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - I A
    "\, 130(",." - lI2Z,S "'\ t

    No!»l.f.rcM1 ~. (4)
    c= (/~06.6-1114.+) _ ( "
    ( 13 "'.t. - tl,4,4 )_ (.s8Cf2. -1.'58C1) - D.18S
    (S2.o)( "78.5 YO)~04-- ~

    i-UO
    PR06L6U "l, \00 (~f'c.<.)

    (b) ThQ o.~ +o-r -+ke '("~1U.~~J rloh ctYe DIo~lMe.cl u.~; \I'j IT ~ ~s fottlow.s:
    IT Code
    p1 = 400 Illbf/in. 2
    T1 = 600 11°F
    x2 = 1.0
    p2 = 50 Illbf/in. 2
    To = 60 + 460 II OR
    IT Results for D2 = 50 Ibf/in. 2
    =
    h1 h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1) =
    h 1 1306 Btu/lb
    =
    51 s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) =
    h2 1174 Btu/lb
    h2 = hsaLPx(IWaterISteam", p2, x2) =
    h2s 1123 Btu/lb
    52 = ssat_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2) =
    51 1.589 Btu/lb·oR
    =
    525 s_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h2s) =
    52 1.659 Btu/lb·oR
    525 = 51 S2s = 1.589 Btu/lb·OR
    Ed 1m = 36.26
    =
    Ed To * (52 - 51)
    eta = (h1 - h2) I (h1 - h2s) =
    111 0.719 (71.9%)
    eft = (h1 - h2) I «h1 - h2) - To * (51 -52» s = 0.7847 (78.47%)

    PLOTS '.

    220 80
    200
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    180
    160 60
    ~

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    isentropic efficiency
    exergetic efficiency
    20
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    10
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    0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
    P2 (Ibflin. 2
    )

    1-1' I
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    .fodOloVi~~ '::t.-r code.:
    IT Code
    p1 = 400 II Ibf/in. 2
    x1 1 =
    =
    p2 0.6 Illbf/in. 2
    x2 = 0.81
    =
    To 60 + 460 II "R
    IT Results for X2 = 0.81
    =
    h1 h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p1, x1) h 1 = 1205 Btu/lb
    51 = ssaCPx('WaterISteam", p1, x1) h 2 = 899.8 Btu/lb
    =
    h2 h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p2, x2) h 2s = 806.6 Btu/lb
    =
    52 s5at_Px('WaterISteam", p2, x2) S1 = 1.485 Btu/lb·oR
    s2s = 5_Ph ("WaterIStea m", p2, h2s) S2 = 1.656 Btu/lb·oR
    s2s s1 = Wcv /m = 305.5 Btu/lb
    Wcv = h1 - h2 Ed 1m =88.97 Btu/lb
    Ed = To * (s2 - s1)
    eta = Wcv I (h1 - h2s) E = 0.7744 (77.44%)
    eft = Wcv I «h1 - h2) - To * (s1 - s2» =
    111 0.7662 (76.62%)

    7-11'2.
    PPD8l&4 ~. 101 (CcTKl'J. )

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    -
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    1-113
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    u SI ""~ 6,· ~."'IT-AJ (:.!:.!..::
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    ''-.J •
    ,,~q K -s Tl. ~ 1'2.':J-'3I<.

    The c1A..+A. -+0"" -t........ p lo~s C1V\. ~ fI\..LA£ 1" lOtI. 3 -e... ~"'e. 0 ~+"'.... ..".... ~e l·lO\.J :r: T
    cu. .fo II e \.U S '.

    IT Code
    p1 = 2 II MPa
    T1 = 1000 + 273 II K
    p2 = 0.35 II MPa
    T2 = 1273 11K
    To = 20 + 273 II K
    mdot> 0.5 II kg/s
    cp = 2.5 * R IT Results
    R = 8.314 139.94 II kJ/kg·K
    for T 2 :: 634 K: For T2 = 1273 K:
    Wdot:: mdot * cp * (T1 - T2) W
    cv
    =
    166.3 kW W =0
    cv
    delta_s = cp * In(T2 I T1) - R * In(p2 I p1)
    E :::; 0 Ed = 53.15 kW
    Edot = To * mdot * delta_s d
    =
    eff Wdot I (Wdot + Edot) e = 1 (100%) e=O

    7-11 'I
    peO~HCM "1.102- ( CoY)t'cl. )

    "I,OTS ~
    180
    160 --G--- W
    cv
    S 140
    ~
    ---B--
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    Q) 120 d
    +-'
    as
    ;:, 100
    OJ
    <D 80
    ~
    ....
    0 60
    >.
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    <D 40
    c:
    ill
    20
    a
    600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
    T2 (K)

    100

    80

    60
    ~

    ::R
    e....-
    O'
    40

    20

    a
    600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
    T2 (K)

    '7-IlS
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    fl\.c)'JY'AlN\, tp olo~~ +~ p(1)n Ol-\+-~ ~f- p"'~e...

    IT Code
    =
    p1 50 II bar Wdote = mdot * (h1 - h2) 11000
    Edotf1 - Edotf2 = mdot * «h1 - h2) - To * (51 - 52» I 1000
    T1 = 466 11°C
    p2 = 40 II bar Edotf1 = 35
    =
    T2 436 11°C ee = e2 * «Edotf1 - Edotf2) I Wdote) + (Zdott I Wdote) I 1000
    mdot = 26.15 II kg/5 Zdott = 7.2 * Wdote
    =
    To 298 II K e2 = 7.2
    em = e2 * (Edotf2 I mdot) * (1000 I 3600)
    h1 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    51 = 5_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p2, T2)
    =
    52 5_PT('WaterISteam", p2, T2)
    =
    525 5_Ph(IWaterISteam", p2, h25)
    =
    525 51
    'PLOTS '.

    20 -r--------------------,

    15

    Q)

    'S
    5

    5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

    P2 (bar)

    9
    8.8
    .Ell
    ~
    8.6
    s:
    ~ 8.4

    ~
    -.
    ...
    til
    C
    8.2 ~Ce
    Q)
    8
    -
    -
    0

    til 7.8
    0
    0
    :!: 7.6
    c
    ::l
    7.4
    ,......-.C2
    7.2
    7
    0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
    P2 (bar)

    2.5
    ~

    OJ
    ~
    -. 2
    ...
    til
    c
    Q) 1.5
    ~
    E
    0

    0.5

    0
    0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

    P2 (bar)
    C EREIGHT

    VAPOR POWER
    SYSTEMS
    Pl2CBLEM 8.1

    I:::NOWN ~ \N~:\eV" ·~S tNL (J..>()f'"k.\i.l.j fl\.\.lc( ifA A.IA id~ClI ICA",k,,,,-e CA1c.le. l'k(.
    c.o~e.r pY~s~(.(.t! oMJ -kulollc i ... ld- &-k.~e a.f~ sreci.f f~ . Tke
    h.et (lOWfU'" OLtf ('1).:1; is ~we"".
    fiND: 1).e.+.(.\(M\~( ;'0,," eQ.~ of iwo bo\\ttt" pr~sutc!"s J +~ MI-~3 +low rcde
    o~ s~~) ~ h2A.i- -h-a.~s~er YlUes -for ~ wovk.lM~ +llM.~ ~~i"",
    ~Y'o~'" ~ c..tn\d~sex- ~ \oOi.le\"J lJ-\.A.& fu ~V'~l o(U\atMfj'
    SC""~\C. i Gr\"~ t>A3"A"
    Qin IlB MP", :: L~o b~('
    ;:=.:=-=;=-=_=-=_::..:;'" P, ,. -I If' M p~_~1 t.t 0 hlA. r
    I r;- I T
    TUrbine WI
    l':
    -- 2

    I
    I
    : QOUI
    [
    Condenser
    ~--
    Cooling
    water s
    4
    sat.li~.
    -==-'r04---I ~ ~ \c.PA. =' D, O.W
    3

    AsslJMPDUJS: See EXdM.ple. 8.1


    MIIM,'f!>\ 50: For "",,c. "de.> #.t. W poww ~/plA.t ~.{

    W"'1e.(e. :. Wi -Wp :: Yh [(h,-",~)- {l,'t-k3)1


    .
    w C:tjc.\~
    ('" \ - ~ 'Z , - (~'t - l, "3 )

    l\e WO~"~'j ~c( (>C4$S~~ t\vfo~~ ~ ~\'t r -eKpe'fl_es he.~ -h'n.~s{.ey­


    ok o, '('U.\ Co
    Q\~ :. ~ (L-.,-~~) ( oz.)

    o..~ \'", ~ ~A.ct~sc.V"'


    Qo..ct :: 'M ( ~ '20- ~ 3 ) ( 3>

    Th(. ~~ ~.H.lc.\e\A.tA.j ~+- ~ ~c.\e \.1


    \ ~ W~ (t.+)
    Gi",
    E~~ 19"- ~e.. e.lCpY"e~SI'o""-S .~ eN~~¢o'" +k. Mo boi:\~ P"E"s\u1e, ~i\lel\.
    lA) fj -:. le>O 'occ.r"
    S+o..ttt.l: fl~\.QoloQK" )~(1't.V"Clf0<' ~ ~,~.250Cj.1 ~'J/~"j )~\:'S.I04\f"j/k"K.
    SWe.1.: p-z.'.::o.o8 ba.r 52,:::' S, ~ l ')c:'Z" = S'Z.-Sf-a. ~ ~.5ql h = 15"'4'.1 Jc'J/~
    S'j~ - S.J '&0 I 'Z.

    sio..tt. '3: f):' 0.08 bQ.\'" ~ sc4. ll\v..Wl =t> h3::' /73.88 ~.:r/,,=:>
    P"Of>lCM B, t (COrlt'd)

    ("') PI':' 40 bM'~


    S-tg.te \', P, -='(0 1cJM' I $(A.t,~t>Y'" :¢> "'\:: ;l801.t1 /c.T/kS ) 5, "" '.0'101 "J/~'K
    S~k 1.: P1.'" 0,08 pClt.r I S-z. ::os, '=t> x'L:' fJ.7/7.3 J h~ = /897,(' 1cJ"/~
    Sto.te. 3" p): 0.09 ~'U' ,s('A..i.1 i~\A..c..J =t> ~3: L7 3, 88 IcJ Ik"
    5\o.\e It: h", ~ h 3 + 1f'3 (Foe -(3)
    :. 113,88 +
    =- /'7'3.88 t '1.02" '= 177. cfl
    lo S
    (I. 008'1 xco- 3 )( ~o - 0.09) 'tor
    ~J'/ICj
    I I
    (tOOXlO.3 ) bbool ~ S It /k
    'Y\'\ :: ((;)'801.!f _ lB q 1. ~) _ 't. 0'2."']:' • 00 I X( 0 3 -E'43I------..;..

    &.\k
    =-(t1.0¢1 'I<{05 ) 1-'-1
    3bco
    (2 SoI,4 - 117,'1,) "" 2'i1.(, xco
    s
    1::. \J_A~ _ _~
    "V
    W~e... l~ +tuz worlL\ "'~ .c.l~~ \~ IA.~ \dt"~( eQ.~h"""e e.t;jdQ w\..f.<,.. \~r­
    /'N0wtJ :
    heo..fe.:( VGf&r eM..f.eV"lh~ f(.c.(, .J.u.yblHe.
    '\tu. Y\t+ povJe~ c9U.\fU.t o..r~ i\"Jell\.
    "'c. c.o~'ev'" rre's",r~ tA.~

    f\~t> '. :D..e.\.e'lV\l\\"'~ (~l -+~(. V'll'.\e e~ \uCA..t tn.lAs+-e-r 10 ~ Wo-.-kIWj ftW,et
    1(A.\~\"'~ ~roW)~ ~ ~teA.lM ~~"'Wtl-torJ \b) t~ .fw..Y"MAI e4iG\e.V\~)
    ~~ (G) +k 'Y\IUo."S f-low 'Y'ct.fe o-f. to"Ad....e~'e.v- CJ>oh~~ w~+er)w~\~
    elA.-kxs oct l soc. o.v..J €X\.ts a.::r as-c ,
    5CM?MAiI Co i <91 vSI-) ~:

    ____ "-' r;::-- - - - I


    , I
    wto-Lf :: l"OMW :I :
    I
    I
    I 'SOc
    Condenser

    Pump
    ~-- -- Cooling
    water s
    4
    L---+----'i'~- ~
    I

    ..+s~OMPnON$~ See ElCa.""pI4 8.1 , l.\S5 u'fI1ptiot'l.[ J-lf


    ANM.'j$lS: F IV-S+) tlX ea.dc frF fW. ft"l/l\ClPtJl( 'S~fe.s.
    5'to-tel: p(=8o"'cU"J -r; =Y8o(,)c =t>- ht':. 33118.Y \c~/'" )S,= '-."58' Ic~~.\<
    S\g,\e. 2.: 'P~:: o. 08 "~Y ) S:a. ='S, =t> '<2. = S, - S 12. .... O.7lf IN hz.:'.2 o62.Cf kII""
    s~-s.,~ I

    S1a.-l-e a: P3 '=1.0.08 ~ J <;cd. li~lA.w( =t> "'3 =/73.88 1c::r/~)1J3=I.D08'{jC(03~


    2WAA Lf: k" '" "'3 +- 1/3 ( P'I - [>3 )
    = /13.98!:.! +Q.ooS'Il<.tb"
    K9
    'M3)(80_,o~)
    Icj
    bcu. t~lt l leT
    \ 104tf' lO'N'~
    I
    '=- l1l.~CO + 8.0fo =- I~\·'ltt \c.7/1"5

    (0.) To o.0\eV'~\Io\e. ~+ +ro.",sk~ ~e. &\"'" > ~ys:t cA~"'MI~ +lu.


    -tv..a.
    '(Y\Cc.~ s flow '(' o..t(!.. 11u. ~ powe-r a ",*"",t e4- t"'-a.. CA.4 etA i~
    ~~c\e Wi:. ~ Wf :: ~ [(h\-~'&) - (~"t-"'~)1
    I
    '2.

    Or . _ W ~\e. _ (\00 ~W) 1' 0'3 k:J/s


    VY\ - ~\-~-a.) - (~"_"'"I) - [(~}'tBA-~oB2_~) -B.o'"1~ I MoW'
    ~
    :. 11.53 lSI s
    h.
    \.1(\\11
    e, -M (~\-"',,) ::C7q.5~~)(:n\{9.tt-18I.Cl,,)kJ"
    S
    ~.
    W
    "'5 Ilkl1s
    I
    -:. ]51.52<.£0 3 kW"lll!~~ ----:;~
    PR08LE.M 8, '2. (Cf\1t 'J. )

    (b) i~~ +her~( e~lc.\(,IA~ is


    _ WUf-lIl. 100 X,(c::? kw
    '1. - Q(l.\. -::. ~S1.8 Xtc:7 L-:.w :. 0, 3'7 (3',7·/o)"'lIl!~t-- --.,;..::..

    (tl T(lIc.l~<j 4. cm+t-c>l VOUA"'t! o..rou.J tk2 ~er

    o =- ~:. ~o + ~ (~z. - ~ ...) + ~cw (lhc.w,i", - ~CWIQ~t)


    w\u..t~ -Mc.w \,f. ~ 'Mb-Cf1 flow ~e of 'fWl c.oc>~\~, wod·.etr. -r~
    CD ,
    YV\c.w -:.
    Ml\i\4-"'3)
    (hCW,O\.\.T - ~CIU,\",)
    'For +tu ~\\~~ wo.kev-) h ~ h.(- cr». ~} w~ ~a.to.. *-rOM JI4.Io\q A-2-
    ~w -::. (?Q,'S3 k.3/s )(.,'W~.1.~ - /13.98) "'~/I, J al:loooS f
    6't".~e - b 2. 'let ) lc.~/~ 1 ""
    :. ".5'.3 Xc 0" kal
    oJ
    k ..
    v\1,,,,,
    I. TfAese V't"~v..t~ CD..VI. ~ to""-paV'ecl ",;t~ Y'esuL\s ~O1"\ E~1M1>1e ad
    10 5.Qe So~ eM-(.~ ()f SupeV'h.Q.(l..h·~ ~ v~o; Ct.T ~ +u.vlot"'e \\I\le.t 0,",
    fu lch.cJ QA\A,\(.,\.\e ~.
    ftW(3t.-eM 8 . .3
    KtJOWN: IN~i-e,... i"S ~ wo(I(.l~.9 ft.u.i.c.( I ~ "'" <!.ow~t>+ vo.po" JJOUJer' ~. ~IZ
    s1cdE's <1.+ f"'-e. bOl'~V" a.1.te( twbt~e '''''-et tAYe SftlcifieJ Ol~ -flu..
    to'ltcl-et.t ser- f ft'SS L( f.(! is 1c.l1.0W n .
    FIND ~ J).e+e.V"MIi.\e (Q) i1\~ +kev~1 e~(·C1·.lI\~ • (b) & bAc-1e. WOyk. ~o.tio)
    (c.) tk "'W
    trQ.lI\s~r +0 +£..A. WO"t"klkj -f-tU,'u( ,eY" u"'"ct ~c;,
    p~~si\'\.~ f{A.rD",,~ ~ loo1ltr > o.~ (d) tf,.st ~(J(.~ -fnulsk,r trOI'l1 ~
    WOr1c.lM9 ~ per Lf:rMt- ~ts f.4SSllItj +k~o~1.t ...J.ke c01I\.def.tst'r. (e) Co",,"p4te..-
    (.u d .. AH LtJ:b iT ""'- E)( A vv--P ,e ~./
    e5'~TIC. ~ C:rLv'W M=l?\ : .

    3 l'08 ~.f"
    s

    A-$SVMPTI.QNS ~ (I) E'Clc<A ec:m-pol1e..d: is ClVla..{!1oz.u( as a. ~+r()1 \/OlUnte o..i"" sk.. Jo


    stak. (20) A-tl fre>C("~$es ef t4. Woyrc.Lkj -Pt.u..u.t
    ~ iMfer'Ht:tl~ /fevevsiJ"Je .<'~J J'.i.
    ftu'~ln~ a.1iV1 ~ Q>Lt~ ~p~ adia.bt:<tic,4lt:1.<'f) k~iite+c.c. atA.J. fokt~:k·o.-{ e/ller3~
    e+feefS' Ctt'e ~~lj9i"/e.
    A'NA{,'1Sts·. Fl~ST ~ +\.J\ e..~C~ o~ 'i-""e. fy(Y\c-\pcd ~'\«.+t'S.
    :>toJe (: rl':.BO bwr) so.:t-.1.rD.p0i" =l> hi ::2758.0 k~/b:J)sl '= S.'7Y.32 kJ/lc,.K
    Sfp..+g, 'Z.: fa. =o.o81o~ ) ~~ ':. Sl =t> 7C..a. = S-a.- S -f 2. : 0.'-7'15 h ::: liQlf.81c.;:r/1...
    r j...- S,7. ) .,. OJ
    $We..3 ~ r~ : 0.08 IHw ) S3::' Stt ': 3.2.0b8 k:r/~. t::. '=t> ";s ':. ~3 -s£~ ... O. ~l(Z3
    h ~ ::: ett:t". q" l£~Il~ :13 - 5;3
    Sks-k 4: f'f':. eo bQ.r ~ serl. \it\.\.\c.l ~ ~\f ~ 13'<0.(, Ic'J"lk,

    ca) Ike. ~~V'Y~lJd eU\,,\~\'''':1 ~+ +L..4. C«.~~o+ ~cl~ ~w~v.. \>':1 ~. ~.8. wi-+\....
    lS
    dcL-\o. fn,~ TGl'ol~ A- 3; T li :: TSoo:t C! 80 ~ .... S"B.2.5 lc: alNl Tc. ::. '.sc..+ ~ e.es b4l\v
    : 31~.blo \C:. T~

    CD Vl _"'~
    ' l •• ....,...
    :: 1.... Te
    TH -
    -
    1
    ....
    314.10(, K
    5"8.2.5 K. .. tI\ lU.1I3
    IJ• • ,IC:I (ILiI ;-30/ )
    -r,.~ 70 ....
    41-----

    (.h) ,..k~ \'Q.c..~ lUOY'\c. 'fo..fl.e is


    bwv- ~ (~,./.,;,.. ') -:. k't - ~'3 ~ l~ llo.1f - '1110.4(,
    (W-l;./~) \-\\ - ~-a. 1."7'58.t> -\1Cl'L8
    320.\'1-
    ::. 'l"3.2. ::. 0.332 (33.2. % 1-----------
    ) .....
    P~0l.EM, 8.3 (CC7l\:t.\ot)

    .
    ~ : h, - '" ~ ~ ..... 59.0 ~~ - 131~.~ ~ : Iq~I.'I ~ ... G;,/"
    (t::l ) FY't:>V\'\ N\A.~S
    ..
    0. ~ eV'e V't3 ';1 ro*Q. bt \QMce S -ro.r fu ctMd:e,,,ser

    G;-;. ; \,J. - ~3 ~ 1"'<f'l.8 ~ - "(P.tI" k.l~ : 7qS:~l( ~ ....._ ---..;,.


    (e) C()\N'r~r"~j +L-..Ase A.Psl.A...\.:h \.A;i-+""- -tkos~ u-f E¥:.o.-p/~ a·/: I", +l....tl'A,gu,..fC4.S~

    tko- -t'-'e ......... M ~#·~·evtc'1 ...; 9reA..-te-r


    • flv.. bAck: woV'"~ ro..h·o ~ h-IQcl.t.,re'~.j-e,....,

    ili ~/..:v. t.o hss

    T""-... ~""l:.,I'\t' cy~ 1; Ex.D.-pIe. 8.1 "vo,'ds +'- L.uo..-i:-'·Ydtl'lS'IVe..


    pU""'1'I'V\.g ~<:~ss ;vtvol v t"", ~ ~-p~.s--t ....L.·'VI·~ -vo-poi""
    ~+v..~~ of . ./-I....L (L"- S'~"'" + e:..-.t-e : P..-...cc.. u J' '3 - 4: See~. ~srl' 0"'"'

    0" fp· 3051-35"8 tro-r .fc...r-t~ de-hM./.


    ,.
    l<A/OWAJ; {,Jo,-fer- is #Ie. WO('ll.l'~
    ~u.i d ,'VI a VI ideal faHlt;,ne '-'jele. wifh
    '~r"h.ealec( v6..por ~'1+eY&nJ the turbine. J)aJo.. a,re 9l"~V1 i",
    [?rohlt:m S.1..
    fIND ~ plot e.a.dll ot i-ke. C(Wlttfitles. c(J./cufo.fed I'~ froft,leYl1 zz versus
    c.o~aen.ser p('e~fl~e. rfAoJ1B (H, ,+0..., fDlcP~ fo f). I MPtJ<..
    SCHCMkrlC. i. 6lVEJJDMLl: See. sotui-ion +0 Proh{ern B.2..
    !r$SUMPTLoUS: See E')(arnpJ~ 8.1 J a SSlM~lp'hof\S 1-4-.
    IrNL:YStS: The procedure -Fer
    .fVx'~j eo.cLt "f flte.priuc.ifal shies is +ktl. S'e;lrke.
    a.r itA problem t. z. s-/-a.:fe I l.s .{tx e~ J 0. K.d. s~ :;. J 3 a tUJ. "I CA-lJ V ~,.., w if{,..
    CO'l1.~s~r pre~suV'e, 4.~ fLl",1raJteA 0)'\ f-lt42. T-s oI~<J mt"\ b.e18w -
    T t, :.4 Bo·"

    2.'

    s
    Sa. wtple. re sul fs :
    r(,~ ::, !c.PA,. -:: 0.D6 ba~

    S\~-le n(Lc:r,~) ~MCZI',:+S


    , 331.1 8.Ji S ::" ."sa" ~:T /k ·K
    2- 205lJ "q s; <s, : )(,_ = t>:tB,5tt
    .3 15/.53 So:J. /iiflA.id d D.Oh hew
    LI 15'1.58 1-1" • 1,,3 + ~ (PV-PI)

    SftA:le
    I
    z
    3

    Pt.cnt...d (~Gtt" ) R.estL£t


    o.oc 2." 3 - .
    &'iIl = 7•.Lx (0 Ic-IAJ J ~:: O. '+0115J Mew =&,.J ))(10 J&,I L..
    ,

    I Q,i... ~ 3IS.7)(a)~,,"WJ ~ =0.3/1>8),hcw ~q.Z8)(1I)'c,/'"

    Y-1
    PRo6c.E.M 8.4 ((onf'd)

    PI D# I V19 -tor ~ eu-f-; ~ V'A~ ,,( u>....J.lMSIl.; pre~su~

    320000

    280000

    240000

    200000
    5.:>t!.
    I
    160000
    c
    ·cr 120000

    80000

    40000

    0
    0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

    0.60

    0.50

    0.40

    ~
    0.30

    0.20

    0.10

    0.00
    0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

    lE+07
    9E+06
    8E+06
    7E+06
    .!:
    -... 6E+06
    Cl
    .:>t!.
    I 5E+06
    o>
    'E 4E+06
    3E+06
    2E+06
    lE+06
    OE+OO
    0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

    Condenser pressure - bar

    The fhe r-YhCLI e++~c.;e'1ey clec.r~es as U11'\.~~~r: P'l"~ssLC.r:e


    ;1I\(,rea."e~. SllACe -tkeJower lS Ch1AS+a.\A i:J M.O(~ ~eA.t ''''Pu.t" r.ef(..(.~ ...ecl
    CA.M -f'1.e. W\Cc.'S f{ow fi (l. e-f caO(I~ wtdEW" ~ IIACAAdSe. +0 a.ccOMY\ltodo-k
    tke L1t(,r~,,~eJ lI\eeel /cr- heeet rej/2.c..tUn-t .

    8-&
    PROf8l£fVl 8,5

    !5NOWN: 'v../a.+er is the. work.t~q ~lU.·ld I~ (tV' ieteal Ra~I£.I~C2. ~c..fe. with
    .s~erh~a.t~d v,,?or- af f~e kt-rb,Vte i~le+. Pa~ Are. 8JveJ1 ill\
    Probl.em 8 , 2 .
    fiND: Plof ea.ch e>+ fttequCtKttt:ies calcvtla..fee..{J~ ProbleM 8.2.. V~.r(,t~ sfec..~
    Be~endor PJ'l:'S~("('~ rAYl,'1''''j froM 1.1 +021/- MPct while Wla.I"lfa..'~I"j
    c.C:)flsfa~t turbine. iV1le..f feMpe~CL+ure.
    S;W=J1Ml' £' GkVEfJ :DA-7A: See.. soluho)\ To Problem 8.2..
    A-SSUMPTlDA.JS: See. E~aMflQ.. 8.1 ) a..~sUYYlpf-ion.s I-If.
    AtJAi,VSIS: The procedure.for ft')(J;"j eaclv of +t-ae 1'rlv.cipal sh:cJes is +~e.sa.me..
    es i» 'ProhlQm 8.2.. S+tde 3 IS ft"U1l and st-aks ,} 2 a rid 4 a.U va.,ry Wl+'"
    steA.m geJ1em:fvr- p~bSu.reJ as: illu.sfm:f-ed on tke.. 7:.S dl~mrn .b.elow
    T r; ::.460 °c

    s
    5()..rnp/~ v-esulf-s:
    ~ :. 't /VtPc- =. 40 be:tr

    S~~e.. hCk:r7J(q) fern meV1f.s


    I 33Cl'i.2 Sf :: 7. 02B'
    2 .2.J<iq.1 s~~s,.; XL :.D.841.'17
    3 173.88 P.. =o,oflbew • $4f. Ji4CA.;J..
    4 177," I h'l ':(, h:;! .,.11',3 c. p" - P3 )

    Sta.fe.. h CIe. :rTfiq, Cornme"...fs


    I 3102.3 S, :: 5.8950
    2- 1 SL/2...fD S z ~S, j x, = e>.ht:tl./.'I
    -~ 173.86 ~ =0.08 ha-r St>:(: liti u;~
    If ,'S.01 "'4 ~ h,=,of-1!; (rcrP_~v)

    p, (bAr) RtZs. u..l+


    I/O q.'1i\ -:2'~.)XLO'Jk.W) »1 -= 0.371, ~c.w:'7.Z.S}({OfDlc;,l'"
    .=t40 ~\i.\ ':. 2'35.1 Xloikw I JIL ~ D.42.5,) ~c.w:' 5".81 XIO b 'C5 IiA.
    300000 r---r-~--r-------,-----r----"'---'

    s:.::.::
    . cf
    c:
    250000

    200000

    150000
    -----------
    100000

    50000

    0
    0 50 100 150 200 250

    0.50

    0.40

    0.30
    -----
    0.20

    0.10

    0.00 '-----'-_ _ _ _'__~____l.______l


    -'--~_.J...._

    o 50 100 150 200 250

    8.0E +06r---.-----r----....----r---_~

    7.0E+06

    6.0E+06

    .= 5.0E+06
    -....
    01
    .::.:: 4.0E+06
    I

    ~ 3.0E+06
    'E
    2.0E+06

    1.0E+06

    Steam generator pressure - bar'

    FOr ti"e& fw"bl"'e. i",fet +e.~pll¥af/).re.> +he.. -#te.rm.~l e4tuenc'! ,l"cYe~re.s


    L()i~ iIl\Ct"etSl~j S.f.eaM :J~herrJ.or pres~l.(.nz. St~ce.
    +he. 'P0werl, Cbrtrf4fA.t} less
    l1eat lll\fwt- i..{ ~Ll./.:r-ed. Ahtd -/he M4.f:.s -Uow rn,fe
    e-P ccol''''j we~:ter decreases
    Sl~ce Ie's tt~ r~~fiDtI\ ~ bfL4UDftIIMoclet-feJ.

    8-10
    PRoBLEM 8."
    !<(:JDWN: WfMer i" tke workl~j fLui.d ItA ~II\ idettl R4~lc.liAe c-lJcfe. Tivl..
    c.o~.eK" p~~sslM"'e 0. ",-et -H.te. ~"" i:te I;""!-et sfr,..4e. a (e. specified.
    f,fJD: 1)ef.eV"~I"'("(~)fht.. 'f\er WOf'k.. peV" Uk-'lt ~r~ Df sf-aM fl,owJ(J:» +~e heAt
    trQ.t\sfer P/l.( Urlt t Ma.'s f>t ~teA.W1 flfJW -(1.1 rOlJ..'jh fhe hoi leY) (c) -Ht¢.
    -ttt.ermcd eUr.cleVlGCj) a\l\d (d) ~e 1Aecvf- fro,)\.f+er +0 U9o(,nj LV~er­
    PA-SS'v\~ #troWj~ ft.te UJrtdefiser- flK /;tV\-it mtd's ()~ S+ett.WI etrt\il.eNtr~.
    ~CH6f'4f.}rIC j, (,\lVGAJ DMA: Qi~ P,= J8MPCt. =ISobcc....
    r=-==-=..c;...=-=.=-::..::;:=. SAt. IIe..po t" _ -::1
    -r I r; -::_::. ,,~, I
    .Turbirie Wt

    , 2
    r;:---
    I Ir-+---I~
    I
    I
    4 I
    I
    Condenser
    L:::_ _ Cooling
    water
    4

    S
    A5SVMPTWNS: $fUL £)(o.Mfk 8-1.
    ANA:ffil$: F,vst J l-ix ead» of fke. prtVlCtpiA.( st,des.
    ~fVk I: fl:: Ie MPa.. sai. va.pot"" ~ "'. :: J SOC(./ 1c.J/~ J
    I S, :: 5.10 1./4 k:J/~.k.
    Sfa-kz.: P20 ="lc.p~,j 5 20 ::5, ~ 'X'L::' s~- S~z. ~ t>.5'8lPC) J ""2.:: ISfJq.J.f ".:r{~
    ~'L
    .sfm3: 1) ~" Ic.po..- sal. /;1 u.:.t-<,. :t>- h3 = 151.53 kJ'/ ~
    J

    Sftde. tf: he, ~ Vt 3 +11"3 (pq. -P;s )


    :. lSI. 5JS1
    ....: ....
    .',';1
    (I,ODftlLLXIO-3~)
    '--;J
    (,E!>O- f>.O")btw l/OS",J/'M1 \1
    .' , be.
    llc.J"
    , \ 10 1 M--tM
    I'

    : I 51· 'S 3 + IS. u = / 'fl. btl lr:\fI te,


    (a.) The nef e.vork.. ~-e.V'o-£,s~ p.er l.'Ki-t ~'s E>f 6'.f.eAt1'1 ~lc:Jw IS
    W ~ et< _ Wt:. _ Wp _ (h • \"\.. ) _(I _ 1 )
    • -. • - "'1I 11\)
    V'V\ ~ 1\1\ \ - ~~---

    ::. (;1.501.' -156tl,tf) - (Ib1.t.'f- ISI.S3) <s u.« I<:rlk~


    (1,) "'he..r~+~ ef hfAt ~V\f.fer fet'" (A~+ W\tA.~S e-t steaM {{ow ..fhro~1.\
    i"tAe. b o,(er
    . rs
    Q ~'" =(h,.. '-' t ) -= 25 c!)Ci , , - l&q.c,4 z: 2 '3'3~. 5 /£TI ~ ~ .. _
    f\'\

    (C.) -rhe. ~~v-mlt( e~lGie,V\CAj l$


    , I~
    Yl: .W""3cJ..e ~
    'i)'l.Ur
    :. O.3q4.(3'f4-°/o)~
    .. _
    &i",/vV-. 2331.5'

    s-«
    PRotalEM &'.(g LCo11t la\

    (d) rhe.. rcde: ef he." t ..fra.hj~r io WO {I;"'., "",al~,... f4SSI;"., ft1trotASjk-f£u...


    co ~ vt.ser i-t
    ,
    G..~ =- ~,;-~~ ~ 15 ~'i.'t - /5'/.53

    -=- /4/7.'} kJ"r~+~-------~~

    fr-I2.
    PROSL,EM 8.1
    KNOWtJ: lNa:kv- is #Ie WOr-k.I~ -Fluid ,&... Carnol vtJ-Por power- c'jcle. /he
    0..
    sta-Ies a,t fhe. boi/era,V'.d ~t'"bl"'e. illlieb a....e Sfecl.'fi~I().N1-f11e cerde~Y­
    pressure ,'.s k-vwwn.
    De-J.e,rml-Vl€ (a.) tke. {-~eV"Ma( e.fflc..leV\Clj ~ (IoJ -I'he bAd:.-wO~ ra+iOJ(C) #te.
    'V'\et- v..:>Ork. pe.r u'Y\"l t MA~S &f. wo..-\e,r -t-low) (ciJ fi.\e. hea:t -fnwtsfer ftorva .,.he
    work.I":J f-LlA.lc( PA.S.sl~' -f'\\rol.l,h ~e.. ~lItser- pef"tU\lt lW.tSS of steam-tWw"
    D.e.J.ev-m I~e. (o.} ike.. Ylet work. per- ut\i}- n\~S:S- of Sf-e.lA.M -Clew 10,) t#te...
    heM- tmYls(!er -10 +he sfeAW\pa.ssl~j ..fkroWjh #te.. boiler p.er-u.ni.t VI14rs
    uf Ste&c.W1 flowJ(c) the #te..r"~{ (.f+l('ie~Cij ) ~ (cl) -I-{Ae. heo..f- .Jy-4n.rf?er
    W cool,V\~ w~er rp(LSS'~!j +t1,ro/.t8h +he l8~set'" perul1.;+ MA.SJ' (;)t
    steam ~set<. ee) COMpMe wdh .
    re$'u,lh fr C>Wl 'Pt\.ol,(-ek'l 8'.(,.

    Work I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I I
    I 3 I2
    [ I
    s ~--------- ---------~

    !t~S()MPTlON ;;: (') EC1Ch COMponewt is ~Vla./~ zed ~oLct


    as Q. ce.+- sfea.&':f sto-te.(1,.) ,ArM
    c.DYl+n?J VOlu..MC2 Cold reservoir, Tc
    pf'oc.esses a.re. illlWVlally Yeversrhle .(3) The n..u-bl~e.
    dM.l fCAMp operttfe &ctialo(c.,HCtl{l~.(Jf} k I~ ~f(G
    ~M pQf(.l;f,+i~( eVle~,Cj ef+ecls an. t'\e~L'~p.b/e.
    AN4LY~($ ~ Fl:r~t.) .tl\C ea.c(" 8f #Ie. pniAc.\p~1 6fo:ft.~.
    JfoAe. L~ fl:: IBc:>ba.r SCtf. v¥()(" =* hi:: 2S0~"1 kjIIc,Js,=-s./()tt~ ICT/~'J<
    I

    s -S.p
    .s:ftl:I(, 2 : Fz. =0,01, b(),Y") S'J,.~S, =t> ,,~= %Sf,'L'a. ~ O.s8~CJ hz. :./5&1.4 It.'J1lc.s J

    5+aAe.. 3: ,,': O,D",


    fa
    &,q.rJ S3 =Su :: 3. S7'S Ic.J-/b,'I<:.
    ~
    * ')(2::
    ~
    Sa -
    ~s
    Sf..J :. O.Q2Cf
    h:3 :.11 e8.0 k::J('"
    5+fLte,Lf ~ P~:: l~ b(ll,r" 1 sQ..t. li1t.e.id -=-I> "''I =J132.D l<'1/'=,
    ~) The #\erMal e~lc.ie.V\Ctj &f-+lAe. wV\o+ c.~de is ~\'ver'\ b~ E~. S.8. Wi-t-11 d.~-/roM
    T6.lole. A-3~ Tl't ="'.sc..toleo~ :. (030.2.5 K ~~ Tc. .... i$t:o.t~ D.O&foe.wo':.30C7.311c:. Tk.u..1

    CD \'\1/\01,.
    •.~
    .. ::: 1- Tc.
    T
    .... l - 30't ;\ :: 0 • 5"",0
    G:>~O.'Z.S v-, (50
    . I 0/)
    Q
    76 <t!=~-------~
    H

    bw,-

    8-13
    (e) The. fief wo('k. per unit Yl1~rs of wa.~,- flew is

    :: (~5 aq. I - I S "C:L Lt) - (n 32 . 0 - It e 8 •e )


    = q 3Cf.' - 5'4'1 =3'1 5.7 '=.:r/~ '" Wc,,'id fL / oM
    Cd \Fr<'t'Vl mil-55 a Ylc1 e rJ2Y9~ YWle ba.l~Jltces -lor ftte.. wor"-'~5 f[u,ld f4.&S' ~~
    #.('0 ~ h #1~ C6AA.e-!'tS.e r
    -
    G;.t :: h'L- h, :. 15".'+ -1L88.o = 3~1.q. kT/~.
    ~) Co -r e.r e -L -to +'-- r ~ &' lI...l-h <1 'P~ b 1@1AA ~ • G, ) ~~.! (A.J-e

    • -r~ ~ l..l-' o,..~ ~ u~ "t ~s r ~'1II5 ~ bss.


    ~ 10 _ cb. lA.' 0"" Ie r-e, h 0 ~ ....... u c h.. ~

    Ne>;': 7 .... P~blf'W\ %.~ -t-t...a Iol.»f"': 0.01 or (1.'1%)


    • QC)...t/~ v.> ~

    T~ ~"'~~ C''1c.,..L.a. 1 PA.oIoI",,,,,,,, ~. fa ~"oic::l.s ~ l,A:)Oyt: - ;k tQ.~ ~


    PV"'"1""'j r-oc..R~S \'t-'\voIV1"'-j ..... -fw,.-'P~ ...L·7\,)1·~-V~

    ~1l.\.."· '\ ~ ~ &-< .... + ~: P~c..Q.SS s-4. ~ e:ks t.v s s,' ~ """"
    pP. ?>51-~5B -fw. f'-'.r~ ..\(.~.
    PRDI3Lc.~ B.8

    KNQl12tJ.: I"jp.l-er-;o$ fl1.e worktVig -fLui4 I~ a.~ id€al Ra.J'\lt"'~ c'jclc. The cond~J4,S'er
    cAY\d 'Gteafll\ j~.,.era.:{-()r p~ssu. ...~s ",-('e S're-elf-led «s i'k 'Problem 8.".
    EWD: Plot e~ch of ..J.he.. ~u.aJ1+;ftes colculased ,i" Problem 8/~ ve.t"S(.(s fuvblHe
    illtlef fe.Vlftptt"a.kut!.. ru"9tYl1 -m,m scJ.u.ro.:"·c.~ 10 SlJ.pJtrlvuLfetA va.pe(':
    SCHEMM" S "WeN DA-TA: ~ee. ProbteM 9.(,.
    ASSUMPTIDNS ~ jee. Problem s»,
    AN&'iSl5·. The -furblite. illf/ef Ct kd e-rif .5+a~es C,('''()'''fj~ AS iu ftte 7:s diaq ,..()~.
    7

    S'

    0.45,...-,--r---...,..-.......,--r---...,..-.......,--r-----r----T,
    0.44
    0.43
    0.42
    0.41
    ~ 0.40
    0.39
    0.38
    0.37
    0.36
    0.35 LJ.._...........~.........l.._ ...........~--.l-_...........--l-.___.J,.-J
    360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560

    :: 3000
    o
    ... ;;::: 2500
    ~ E
    VI III
    a ,f!2000
    ... VI
    ........
    >0
    ~ 01 1500
    C1)~ WcyCle/m
    c ...
    w 8. 1000
    ]
    500

    oLJ..-~--l-.--...J.._~--l-.___.J,._~~--.J.-:-l
    360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560

    Turbine inlet temperature .. °C


    The. c.<jc,le. wj+lt\ S'v..p~yiAe4f( ~'1 (I '-?/- 3- 4 -I ( ) ha.~ o: h her +ellA(' - t;
    e~ce.+u,Yt e>f ltt~tM~~-·hCYl-tk'lJ,~ +ke.c.tle-(e Wl~Ou:t su.rerh~+\~, (1~2.-3-4-').1
    So -fi.te. &"m.cc.l e4lGlellt~~ i.( htghef".

    ~-IS
    kNOWN,,: ""'<.+E:.~ is +he WOV-k,'VLS Hu-id L~ a. III id~l (Cl.J'lk.,"e c-<jc.le., The. tu.r-101ne
    IlItle+ :si-a..te e:tK! fke. CC>\It&elitser fll'essu.re. are .knowVL, 4150) fke.. rnc.e.sS'
    fLaw ('~te. of Sk(.(.M elll.f.e,v-,"'" +11e. +u.rb,~e is ,,\vell\.'
    'De-l-e.'('~\V\e.. (~) tke. \'\eA-- fowe.r d-e.ve...lo ~~l ),,\oj +lA.e. -\-~enll\~l eU (c.-'e\l\ c'j )
    d1\J.. (c.) -Hte. W\~bS f-iow re;t.te o~ c.oohV\j w~+e"',

    SCMJ::MMlc i C:.l VUJ DA--iA :


    I

    boPp
    Cooling
    water
    Pump
    4
    L----+_-----'!;..::..- ~
    &>sumPTLDN~ ~ See. exCA.t'l1pJe. B./) . ...,4.)..-_.... sd. Ji , •
    4~S (.,C.~ptc.CY\s l-H', 3 / lJ;,n '\I\~

    ANAk'tSl~: F, 'rst) !- fx eacl« t!).f. f-~e. rnnc.ipA I stares.


    .5ptTE.,l~ p,:tCDOO 1f>.fII"'?-JT;=-ltOO DF * h,:{Sf.t7,1 ~7: ,s,=(.(,)L5" 1~.°R.
    @.!9..

    ~
    ~r""'TE2: f.,.=-' Ibll- ~ s:t> x2.::'
    'M,)S2,':. I
    Sa.- Sfa.
    - ==o.RI1·"Z.3 h2.=-qu,"2.. ~,/
    0,vylb
    S'~ 3. ,)

    :)rNrEiL: "3:' I JW./"I\~,s(;!.I-.li11A.1·~ :\> h~~'ll,l"" BhVlb


    57A-TE 4: hit z. h3 + 1Ji t. 'P'f - 1"3 )
    ::: bC;,7lt 81~ + (D.Of~llf {> I"~ ~: \111~ ~lbf I( 1f.°O -,) ~:~
    =bet.1't t- C{.1& :: 1"(. S'~ ~k,v Lh
    (0.\ Th~ ~e.1- power ~;e ve.-lora.e( b~ +~ ~cAe. L-s.

    Wc.vede -;:. Wt - Wp -::: \'h t\h ,- ~,.) - ( h 't - k 3 )1


    ::~.'fxto' ~ )[«Sli1.1-qH.1..)-(4#1~) ] B~/l6
    8 .
    ~ 8. g'l )( I 0 B-Jul h .. ~ c..~c.le..
    tb) To ·hV\&. +~~ ~clE.. ¥Ael(~ eft-lGleV\Uj ) -k'V5T -f.l\l\cl +~ he.ed 1Y~\I\sfe r
    ,~ -\0 tv..e. I..VO'f\t.\W1 +tv.-\.Iit ~(A..~S\·1A9 +{A.roV4"'- +'~ S+e()..M c:J eMe, ( ot4e>r . l b

    Q\\. . ~ ~ ~ '" ,- '" \{ "1


    =Q. '-\ 'JetO b ~) ( IS<il.1-1~ .S2) ~
    = 2.010 X { 0 q e l1A./ h

    r- I {g
    ~Ifu. +~r""C'A.1 e«'lc.'·(!\I\CC{ is
    W~c.\~ ~.~~ ')((0&
    vt. = &,.... ;. J.oe-)< \OCi :: O.41.'t (~~.q/~""''''''f--------~
    For ~ ~, "ol\A'M~ elA.c\o$\ ~ +\4.e Co~e~se,.
    (c.)
    ;..tt0 _,:/,o
    D=)6l-N 7'\1 + ~ (\...'Z.-~'3) + ~'''''' ('-"cw,i" - ~~"'~OIA"t)
    w~e~ -Mc.w i.~ {.Wz. W\CA.~S .c.tow' ,.",:t~ of ~ too\\",~ wCIlt.e,r. T\.v.A.s
    -M ("'",- ~s )
    ~<.'-\) -::. - - - - - - -
    (h C,"".ov.'t - h""J \....)
    For +11.4 coo\\~ wo.te.r, V\e.w ~ "'~(.T). 1b~\ \.U\~ M~ .{n~ TA~le, A-2E

    (l.li xro (,. LbJ~) (QU.1. - ("C\ •.,,, ) 6,,"1 \b


    ~c.w-::'
    (4S.oct - .;1.8.08 ) 8~/llct
    -:. S,~ Xl0 7 Lb}h •. .a- -=

    t-17
    fRO&<.cM 8.10 *
    I<k>OLc.)J:.,): WuAe.,v- is wov-biA9 flui4 lU QVl ide.tJ\.( Rc<"..,kl~e. V<.jcle. "Pam..a.re. ~LVeM.
    i~ Prob. e.~.
    ~: Plo! efAcltt ot +t...e ~~a.lIl'h't;es ea.lcu{Ctfu1. liA !'r()h. 8·1 VeA'~US ccntJ~ser pV'"('"utt!
    ra~i"'1 .from 0.4- +-0 J4·7 JbfltiA..'l.. !4fJ-,it+fA.lU COIIIS+av.:f sft:IAVVI WlttSS fldw ra..+e..
    :5c~...,MIy7tc.. t ~ltlf,O DBA ~ Set: Sol,J.;hin,.. fo Prolt,lern 8.1.
    r.1SS"UMPTlO~S: see: £)(fl"VVtf/e B./, a SSU ~ft..tnt.S 1- 4 .
    .1NM8SI.s: I~e. .fotLoUJ lV\q IT cotJ..e- is' u~ed fo dwe"lEJp ..u...e. d.P.:Je,.. fo.,. -rke.
    (' ~ u Wed piofs. ~ Me 'P('~$eM.Jru;{ .fo.r f/t..tL fwo I, "ilIA; rilItJ C!(A.~e ~ ,
    IT Code

    p1 = 1600 IIlbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1100 II of
    =
    p2 1
    p3 = p2
    =
    x3 0
    =
    p4 p1
    mdot = 1.4E06
    Twin = 60
    Twout = 80

    =
    h1 h_PT("Water/Steam". pt, T1)
    =
    s1 s_PT("Water/Steam". pt, T1)
    =
    h2s h_Ps('Water/Steam". p2, s2s)
    s2s = s1
    h3 = hsaCPx("Water/Steam", p3, x3)
    v3 = vsat_Px('Water/Steam", p3. x3)
    h4 = h3 + v3 * (p4 - p3) * (144/778)
    =
    pw1 Psat_T("Water/Steam", Twin)
    hwin = hsaCPx("Water/Steam". pw1, 0)
    pw2 = Psat_T('Water/Steam", Twout)
    hwout = hsat_Px("Water/Steam". pw2. 0)

    Wcycle = mdot * «h1 - h2s) - (h4 - h3»


    =
    Qin mdot * (h1 - h4)
    =
    eta Wcycle / Qin
    0= mdot * (h2s - h3) + mdotw * (hwin - hwout)

    IT Results for p2 =0.4 and 14.7Ibf/in2


    p2 (lbf/in2) 0.4 14.7
    h1 (Btu/lb) 1547 1547
    s1 (Btu/lb.R) 1.631 1.631
    h2s 867.1 1066
    h3 40.49 180.4
    h4 45.25 185.3
    hwin 27.63 27.63
    hwout 47.7 47.7
    v3 (ft3/1b) 0.01606 0.01671
    Qin (Btu/h) 2.103 x 109 1.907 X 109
    Wcycle (Btu/h) 9.46 x 108 6.669 X 108
    eta 0.4498 0.3497
    mdotw (Ib/h) 5.765 x 107 6.178 X 107

    a-Ii
    PR Of3lh'-t 8. 10 (Untf'd. )
    1E9
    Pt..OTS " 9E8 -
    \
    '<,
    <, ..
    ."~

    8E8 -
    -~-------
    7E8 - --~--------------
    -:2
    ---
    ::s
    ~
    Q)
    6E8 -
    5E8 -
    "0
    4E8 -
    ~ 3E8 -
    2E8 -
    1E8 -
    0 I I

    0 5 10 15
    p2 (lbf/in.2 )

    0.5 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.4 ._----
    ----------------
    -~---------

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    O+-.,....--,r--r--r-,-,--,--.,....--,r--r--,--,.--,---,---!
    o 5 10 15
    2
    p2 (lbf/in. )

    7E7 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

    6E7

    5E7

    4E7
    ~I
    <5 3E7
    -0
    E
    2E7

    1E7

    o 5 10 15
    2
    p2 (lbf/in. )

    Wt see frOM -Ke ~lots tt,...oct ~S ~~ser P't~$SU.{~ ().e.c.V'~) ~ -P01JJeV" OtMr4
    ~Cij"ea..{~~ e.s l:ice~ -tw.. ~c.lL ~l\.\C<.l e£{id<IA"1 . .pl.l("~) less eMe-v1~ ~ V'~Q..ok.J
    l\A ~ ~) ~C>.~ c.ool'n", wo:W+to~ -ro:fe ae.~V'~re5 Sll~~~. ~ Y'e&u.l.h
    ().Jre C(M.$·l~ lAli.-\-l,.. ~ cli:{w~ Lot'\ of F<.5· B:f-(1)) \\.\ St,c. 8.2.3.
    PI? oeu:~ 8.' I •
    KNOWN: Wa.+e-v- is ~L,e. l.UO'l"IG,·II\~ +//..lle{ "11\ a1'\ ,d &A. I f? et ~b iAe ~ de. 'ba,fa. cue ~ I V-(.V\
    i", P('ob. 8 .' .
    ~: 'Plof eacl" of ~14e ~CAa.\A.+-;+;eS' ta.{c:.c..dQ.+.e-o( ~'" rprob. S.') veVSLlS S+efAVVI
    ~elAe.Yc(ft,(' rrt"s~lJ(,-l. Ya.~(~ .f1'oM 25'0 4-- 0 1.(000 I~fl'*"'~ t\1(.l.Ii4+~(1o\ C'Ol\.Sf.aM-+ ~bJ\1
    Mf..sS .(.Low rct.-k a.MJ ~fijtlAe I~let +-eMreramre.
    Scu-eJv.A.TIC 4 G=\ v'€AJ t>1iA: 5 ee solu4..tq..,.. -10 Probl.e V"l BPi.
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    IT Results for p1 = 250 and 4000 Ibf/in 2 flOTS :

    pt (Ibflin2 ) 250 4000


    h1 (Btullb) 1581 1481 0.5 - - - . - - - - - - - -.,
    s1 (Btu/lb.R) 1.852 1.497 --------------~------
    h2s 1035 835.8 0.4
    h3 69.58 69.58
    h4 70.32 81.53
    0.3 -
    hwin 27.63 27.63
    hwout 47.7 47.7
    v3 (ft3l1b) 0.01614 0.01614 0.2
    Oin (Btu/h) 2.115 x 109 1.96 X 109
    Wcycle (Btu/h) 7.629 x 108 8.872 X 108 0.1
    eta 0.3608 0.4527
    mdotw (Ib/h) 6.734 x 107 5.343 X 107
    O+-..,--,---r--;--r---r---""'r--r-,--r-~,..___,.__,__r_l
    I I
    o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
    p1 (lbf/in.2)

    1E9 - , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 7E7

    6E7
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    p1 (lbf/in.2 ) p1 (lbf/in.2)

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    ~ ~:. W~I-M ~ (~I-~~)- [~-~?» (4)
    Q·w.lv:.... (h I - ~)
    (0..) 1=0'- -r. :: 580 "c J rex-hie A--f ,we.s ~,: 3'515:7 Ic~1 (~ ) s.: ".B~1 "J/{~. K. . ~
    '52.5 ~
    s, =(,,8441 ~ "2.5:: .1'
    O.e>OCi 7 5 ~ ~~S -= 07.8 kJ I/~ . W \~ V\-t-~ 0.85
    ~l.= "h,- 11-\:( ~,- ~ 7.~) -= ~ 51?1 - (.85)('3'575,7 _ 21 o7.B) ::. Z 32 8.0 )(.-r/~ ~ X '2.: O. qo, ~'2.
    R.w~) -hr0"tVl T~~\e A~"3, h~= I S/.S31,j/~ ) 'if3 = 1.00(04Xi0:3 M')IIc~. Tws
    ~4 = I Sl. 5?> k.I
    Ic~ -t (l.ooc.4xIO ) ~ (100 -
    -3 W\3
    OIO~)Ioa.v1 LOSiJ/~'a,11
    ,~~ \ l-~
    loJ N'~ /~.a2)
    I
    ~ l'3.8 ~~/~
    t0C'w
    Y\..~ ("'\-"'1..) -(I.A~-L..~) :: (35 7 5 ., -232.8) - (l~3,B-1SI.S3)
    (~4 - 1A4-") ("3575.7 - 1" 3. '8)

    : '2.? S.4 -:. O. 3b 1. 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '1


    3~\\.q

    3-2(",
    PR00t..eM 8,lb (Cln1f'ol,)

    tb) rlAe da:~ ~ #t!- V~t.t.LveJ. plots a..re obta.A'K. U.sli.t~ I~ a 5 -Pollows :

    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II bar
    T1 =580 11°C
    p2 = 0.06 II bar
    efCt 0.85 =
    efCp = 0.82

    h1 =h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2s =h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s2s)
    s2s = s1 IT Results for T 1 = 580°C

    h2 =h1 - efCt * (h1 - h2s) h1 = 3575 kJ/kg


    h2 =hsat_Px(IWaterISteam", p2, x2) S1 = 6.845 kJ/kg'K

    x2pct =x2 * 100 hz = 2328 kJ/kg


    p3 =p2 hzs = 2108 kJ/kg
    h3 =hsat-Px(IWaterISteam", p3, 0) =
    h3 151 kJ/kg
    v3 =vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p3, 0) V3= 0.001007 m /kg
    3

    p4 p1 = h, = 163.3 kJ/kg
    =
    h4 h3 + (v3 * (p4 - p3) * 100) I efCp Q. / m = 3412 kJ/kg
    In

    Wcycle =(h1 - h2) - (h4 - h3) Vv


    cyce
    I / m = 1235 kJ/kg

    Qin = h1 - h4 Xz = 90.1 %
    eta =Wcycle/Qin 11 = 0.362

    PLoTS '.

    96 0.4
    0.35
    95
    0.3 -
    94
    0.25 -
    ~

    ::R
    ~ 0.2 -
    93 ~
    J(
    0.15 -
    92
    0.1
    91
    0.05 -
    90 0 T I I
    580 600 620 640 660 680 700 580 600 620 640 660 680 700
    T1 CC) T1 (0C)

    K-27
    ihe. \o.etA.\ 1(o.~k.~~ CAdcAe of- }>rcbl-e.Y\I\ 8.2. is M.oc:ll.f.l~~ +0 i"elude. ~-tl.te.
    -\uxv,HVse ~V..A ~u.\Mi> \l\.o..\le i'S.e..",+rCfic.. ef+-lGl(\\c.ies of 85' ~IAA 7S 0910 )
    r~pe.c+W~ .
    1)t.+eiM\V\Q.. tee ~ W\.aeli+\ect '-<1 de. (~) +t.te. ~MlA l e.UiC.I.e\\GC;1) {b)
    ~e. ~~r ~ow Me of s+eo..M -f.>r 6-- V\.tt POWeN" GV-~ ()f lOO ~\AJ)
    o.~ (t.) tk W\.t..·~s +tow rq:te &~ c~er 'C6(l~j ki~.
    SC#eM&TlC. t G-\VEN. t>M'A-~
    Qin

    ,.J
    _ _ _ _ .....J o~
    O'

    Condenser
    'S",
    Cooling
    Pump
    water s
    4
    L--.-+-_--:¥--" ~. \iq .
    I 1
    'tlf.7 .J)
    ~-~. 4 - -....3 o.t o.og ~
    Wp

    A-s'AUMPDoN't ~ SlA.nte.. 0..4 Prob~ B. 7.. ~e~e¥t 1tT: 0.8 5 G\.~ ltP:' D.7.
    A1JAL'fSoI.S: Frot'\1 Probl-ewt S.2." hi: .3 3 'l8. Cf k.~/Jc, ~ h3 ::- /7'3.88 .I::.J"//:, .
    T~ Spe..c.tf~·c.. e",,~P'j o:t ~t~fe ~ l s fo\A.~cl lMli..~ ~ +u.vbii"e. 'E!H-(C.I~",~
    It ~ (W.f:/~) _ \, ,- ~~
    t CW-t.I~)s - Yl,- \.h~ =t> \''2. ~ ~,-\'\t:( "',-h1.s)
    rrO'M 'PV't>'o~ B:2., '-'''Zo$:::' ~oB2." Ic::r/k.,. 7t.u.U~ h2, =. Z272..7 Ic.:rl"'. S\~·l\o.r\~,
    #l~ Spe.('\~~CI ~~tP1- CLt S+-t~ l(- is -fou.1.Ul U.s\~ -tk fv..~ e«-CG'~~CIj
    \1\
    , I.p
    =. (Wpl~
    (\• -
    )5 _ n... "i. -n3 J..
    --,.;>
    \
    nit':. n 3
    1£
    +
    h ..s - "'3
    ,--W t> 1m) h4- - "'~ ~p
    fro~ 'Pro'o\~M B.'2.) h't'! = t81.94- ~~l~. Jb~) ~'i ::. 185, 3~ ~~)~.
    (0.) ~ ~~ ~H··\(.\.e\l\.ttj is .. .
    'V\ = \rl ':1c.\~ {oM -= w~J~ - w,./~ =. (~l- "" '2. ) -('.-l Lt- h.3 )
    -\ G\n/-M G,;,.. ~I_"'~)
    = ('~3 't8,4 - 2'2."l'2.,)- (1.8s:a~ - \.3.86)

    (3'3~B."t -tBs."SC1)
    :::. D,33h (33. b °(0)<& 'r\
    Ch) \\-le. VV\Wi.S t-low ro:te. 0+ ~~~ ~ 0... ~ fOW'V &v--\-6'v..t- of 1.00 MW
    is ii\e-{e\"WI.\YU~J ~C'f\\.
    WUf1lc- ~ 'M l~V~- wr/~1 :s.~l(~'''''1.)-[\~''-'':t)]
    l~s I SO\V\~5 -'uY- ~
    .
    W~
    (Yt'-'-"'Z.)- (k~-h3\

    = liDO )(.\.0
    3
    k'J"'/s ) j3bOC> .& I
    ((3 ,tt8.Q - 2.2.'11.,) - ( le.5'.~ct -1'73.88)] It~/~ I~

    .. 3.38 x(o s ~/ h .....I----------------~


    ((..) i~ 'YV\C4c;,s: .f.lo w V"~ie ~t- c.oo\ ""':I \'A,JClt:\'e"", 'IS tolA.v.J 1v'~

    0.... ~ (h "2. - h, ) + --M c.w ( ~"Y\)c \AI - ~ 014+ J 'W )

    or ~:. W\(h~-~3)
    Cow (
    hCW,O\A.t" - \-tc,IAJ,\.t.,.)
    ~V\.~\'4!' b+ ~ tool\~j WCll-\-'(Y' ~ Probklll\ 8. A.
    ~. 3 aXle 5 k.5/~) ('2.'2.""C 2..7 - 1'73.88) )cJ"/\c.:l
    (\'t~.~8 - G,2.t:tCl) k'J"/kj

    :. 8.48 x to" k'J I ~ ~.:ll__----------------:.


    These. rec\A.l:\-$ c..~\1\ be. c.~Me~ wi.~ ~~h +,b'M
    f>ro~\~M 8, '2. to see. So~ e~ o~ iyy-~eV'Stl4 \.\ iHes itA ~ +-u.-ib,~
    fAM.& ~u""'P e«: ~ ,LtJ.t.tJ RQ,\I\k.llAe ~ cle..
    PROBLEM g. /B

    KNOWN: Wa:fer i-s tke WOflc..1.t~ flui.d '"/1\ a. Ra."lc.t~e. '-'1de. TIA.e. Con.d-elll~r a. JA..d
    sfeCAWI ~ ene raio« p-rt"ss4.re s a ~ :specified as ;//\ 'Prohlem B. r;
    FIND: 'PJof eo.ctt bf tke ~lA.ClK:l-i+ies co..~clA.l,ded litt ProbJeVVl 8.f J lj"cllA.d/~' (~
    the a.Y\tt1fj.si~ #u;dVfite fuvb,~~ "w:/. 'YIA~ eo.c~ k.£tve iseKtr-"(>ie.-
    eft-tenc.ies sf (0.) '10% .1(1) loo/o/c.) 10·/0.
    5e IfE.t1.e+I/C. S <0 I VW DA==TA: See Prob!« me.'.
    MSuMPnONS: See Problem B.b) e)(cep+ '1 e .. ~p <. JOc9D/o •

    ANAl85I f. :

    For tkll. -fuJoblne :


    "'2.:: h,- \.( hJ-~2S) 1400 r----r-~-...___----r--___,_----r----,
    TIt = TIp = 90%
    For fl<e ptAt1f: 1200
    TIt = TIp = 80%
    h'( ~ h,3+- v.; (Py-P,)/n.r !i 1000 TIt = TIp = 70%
    --]
    ~ote
    800
    tbt:
    'E
    a'k/~ : h,-I-t'f ~
    -.,
    U
    600

    is O~~ S! i~ hH'j ~~e:-~eJ .:: 400

    b~ lI\, I Sl"'ce ~'f varies 200


    m\~MtA.\\~. ~e.~e{ofe)
    '(\0 p\ot ~t- Q,~I~ vs. T,
    is i lAd u.c.leJ.. . 2400,..---,---...-------,r--------r----.---,
    TIt = TIp = 70%
    2200
    TIt = TIp = 80%
    !i 2000
    TIt = TIp = 90%
    ~
    II 1800

    . ~ 1600
    :::l
    o
    . Cl 1400

    1200

    1000 L . . . ,- - - "_ _ ....L-_ _...I--_ _I....--...J


    ......J..._ _

    0.40 r----r-~-...___-----,------r----.----"]TIt = TIp = 90 %

    0.35 TIt = TIp = 80%


    -----I
    TIt = TIp = 70%
    ~----I
    I=" 0.30

    0.25

    0.201....-....L--_...I--_---"_ _......J..._ _-1----"


    360 400 440 480 520 560

    Turbine inlet temperature - 0 c


    ~~o<.»N: ~;~ Rec.",Ic..\\c, C 7 de 0"; P,.O"I~M 8.9 i s """o~-~'ec:l +c
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    ~ f~·c.4Q(I\c'1 88%. 1
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    ..f'<o""V ~ 1
    f'L.-.. c..ool"~ '-VA.W e ""'~,~" -t1- c(')/,~d ~n~r:
    SC~~LC 4 ~\V~ ~4TA: P,::, (1000 l(,(:.l(...-=
    or- __ ~
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    Turbine ,, __./ Wt
    ~-_ I
    T \1.+"",98- 2

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    ANAA,.'{SIS: ~"'~ Pro\)J.e\,\,\ s.~ ~ "'\ ~ (S ln.1 e~/lb,) $\::' {.("~1S" 6hA.11b .DR.
    ~~ ~3 ~ (o<::t.' '*
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    \1.-,:- - (W...1~ ) S 2 ""', _\.\ 1.10 =t> \-\2.::' hI - 1L-t ("'.- \1%"$ )
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    'lIL :. (Wf>/~ h = "''tS - ~.s .s-; l.t :. h + (h - h }jJ.
    -'Y (Wfl~) l-,'t-t.'3 ~ It 3 't' 3 '\.f"

    FroM ?rob\em 8.'\ .. n't~ ~ 11(.$'1.. 5~/lb • T\u..-s) h'(: 1~11 6'""-/11:>.
    (4) The. l1e t powe-or o.e.ve.lopu{ is
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    hc."".o\4t - \I\c,w"", (,"l9.oC\ - '2..8.08H~~/lb LiDO ~\Io'\J~1
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    3-3/
    rRoe~ s.zc *
    KNOWN: The. c.~c.le. e* P("c)be\'Y\ B.ttt is ~l>~ifiee;f 10 Il..c.l",de. ct-u....".H(,..., valliE.
    behvu.~ ~ Sfe.a.M geHer-a. for Q.nd +l-te ·h,u"luNe. .i1/et.

    EI N D:. Re pea,f file GH\t1L'j si «


    SCHeMATiG e GrL\lUJ l?MA:
    {(poo 1~"~1. ~~ l(
    11.\00 ~ r-.
    T 'l4
    _ _ _ _ ......l rr--
    I
    [ 1

    I l•
    I : hOOF
    Condenser _ _-,I Cooling
    h Q -::.
    p .98 L:: - - -' - water
    s 4
    lump

    ~Q.t. lit,
    ASS VOOprLOIJ $: Sq,t1'1~ <1.S Pr--oble.I\'1 8./9. A-(~o.) 3 I U~fli",&.
    pr-oce'Ws M('O~S".f£c.C. VtA-(V<IL l.s A. fkf'()#h~(J
    prr;cess.
    AN.4LYSI's: Fro~ ProbleM 8. tlfj h,:: (S<{11 8~/lbJ ~3:: (p~·'7Y 81«/11:>,1 o.~
    hf/ ='5.n 8"'"'1". FUY'f~eY".1 h,' =",
    = (541.? 8kAII". rnfer-po/~+,'I;\,;11 Table A-lfE;
    s.. = I,l.'l$"3 Sf\4/lb· DR. • The. spec. t~iG eYl~lp'j «,t S~te. 2.-
    is fov...J1.d. USll1'. +he -lu..r-b.nQ. e",c,ielttCAj
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    -t
    1'6\)' = h -h'
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    Ihu.s.> h2. =qqC{. Lf ( &.Ju./I b .
    (a.) The. n.e+ row~ d~veAtDrte J ;6
    W<.yeLe. = Vh ((£1 1, - ~~) -(h.,-h~)l ={.'tXloh~)[(ISC<l,l-qq~.(H)-(7S.11 .. ,,~.74ilBr~
    = 1.(,10 X/De Bittl In ~ Wc~c.lc...
    (b) Th£ hea.,+ +ranster nde for +-he.. 5-1ea,M jertearcdor is
    Qi~ : :. w. (I'l, -1",,) ::. (I. &f 'XI 0'-)( (5'0. 7 -15.11) 8J.u/ ll-:"
    ~ 2.0<.2.. )etD 9 0kc./ h "'~I-- ~~

    (c) -rk( +kei"mcd etk'GielllC.c.f i.s


    Wc.~d~. -:. C~l.:;l o{o)
    B
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    ~"'" 2.0(,"2. X I oCf c!!~----------~
    .....

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    #~I \6 ~\i) :=. trGW ~ t..w = (,T~O)(: 10 «f +t3/yY..\~ o(!
    J
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    WO('~. 1'N..~ ~~ o, ~ec,nuJ..Se ,II\. ~e(VW4l eo«1c.\~~ ~","J. ~\\ \\..1 c,ye.o.se. \lA +~e. r~
    6t- c..ooh"'~ w~V"' ~O\» ~wreA..

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    P~Of3LE.M 8. Z I

    I~NOWN: WAA&r is +"-'e. wo"k. ,\,,~ f.lv...l.c:{ ,'\1\ vo.po-r powv pICt\A..-t. 'Pa.to. a. Y".e, known
    #..,

    Colt VCt-Y'I·Ol.l.S IOCa.+lO)\£ ~~cl tke mtLss flew rose: ,'s ~ \V~lA.
    ~: J)~+e~'M'·\I\e. (~) fke. powe('ol).frv.t~ ~b)
    t""eYf\'wJ e~ic,e~~~(c) ~e
    V\e+
    'flUe of ~~o..:t +Co.M.S~«", from +he. hi.-\e. c.o~V\~c-h~ ~e. st<A.W\.jeM..e--r~ o.tv.d
    -lite.. tv..V~I"'e.~ tVoAc.l(Ol) -tlhe ~ss flow '(a.A~ &~ UJY\JeM.5lf cool;",~ w~
    SC{.fEJMnc. t
    Erl v EN bA-TA ~

    Condenser 1--1oo..-.,-- IS °c
    =:rl--' Cooling
    ~-- water
    Pump
    ~--+ - _ _~/.c;..~::-' PI( =- 8 K Pt;1-
    s '\
    (1 t: ;: 3" °c
    s. 88 ~~~,,---4 '4,
    M>SVMP1'l0NS ~( I) Ectc~ Com pone ~-t- i s ~ ~£t(IJ't. e.t{ I.~ o, f'
    co\1-h-ol volM.'t\te 0.+
    s+~o..~ ~~te. <,,2.) '1~~ +u,v'o\~~ ~
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    elAev~l:j eUeds Cl.t'€ lI\~llS i11e.. <'Lf) f'or- ~ <:ooll~ ~
    ~Ssu..'MQ... ~""XI ~f c,.) .

    AtvA-L-'{SlS ~ FI rs+ (.0< ea.ck C!'.f tf,..e.. (' n i1c.vp a( S~S.


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    5 Pump
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    ?<.3 sf~ - 1.8453 ... 0:7'15
    CAM.c.O. \.--,~:: "'++)(3 \..~:: bCf,14t~:7'tS)(f03'.o) = 8')3.4 ~~/lb
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    5~ ~ Sf (CloOF) : 0./1/7 6hl/l b· OR
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    SCH'tMATlC c:e~1 VE:iV J)A7~: ASSIIMPTIONt:

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    -
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    , \0\ '1- h,3 "'" P c. e
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    PI?013LCI--( 8'.23 (Ctrntd.)
    IT Code
    IT Results for T 1 = 80°F
    p1 = 600 Illbf/in. 2
    h1 = 1518 Btu/lb
    T1 = 1000 II of
    h2 = 982.9 Btu/lb
    T2 =80
    h3 = 42.67 Btu/lb
    T3 = T2 - 5
    h4 = 44.9 Btu/lb
    p3= p2
    x2 = 0.8919
    p4 = p1
    11 = 0.3616
    efft = 0.9
    m = 6409 Ib/h
    effp = 0.8
    Wdotcycle = 1 * 1000 * 3413 II Btu/h

    h1 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) rLOTS:


    s1 = s_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    p2 = Psat_T("WaterIStea m", T2)
    h2s = h_Ps('WaterISteam", p2, s1)
    h2 = h1 - (h1 - h2s) * efft 0.9
    x2 = x_hP("WaterISteam", h2, p2)
    psat = PsaLT("WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 = hsaLPx("WaterISteam", psat, 0) 0.8
    v3 = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0) ><
    h4 = h3 + v3 * (p4 - p3) * (144 I 778) / 0.7
    effp

    Wcycle = (h1 - h2) - (h4 - h3) 0.6


    eta = Wcycle I (h1 - h4)
    Wdotcycle = mdot * (Wcycle) 0.5 I I
    80 85 90 95 100 105
    T2 (OF)

    7000
    0.36
    0.32 - 6000 -
    0.28 - 5000 -
    0.24 -

    ~
    0.2 --2'
    ::9
    4000

    0.16 3000
    ·E
    0.12 2000
    0.08
    1000 -
    0.04
    0 0 I I
    80 85 90 95 100 105 80 85 90 95 100 105
    T2 (OF) T2 rF)
    PRo13ce..M 8.24

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    I .1"<', ~ .:';,' .•.. t
    T -- 1

    Condenser
    L::__ Cooling
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    \p:' 0:17
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    hI(- :. /tI~ + (hfjs-k~)/~p := 132.78 I<J/~
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    PR 06£.&4-1 B. 25

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    I

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    • -t. S .
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    cl-Ww..lilAe.. ~ coaec ~tI\.t:l< IA ~ Vttl..u.eP '1<1.. ot
    IT Code
    =
    T1 520 11°C IT Results
    =
    p2 0.06 II bar
    p1 60= D1 (bar) 60 80 100 120
    efft = 0.8 h 17kJ/kg) 3469 3447 3425 3401
    h2 (kJ/kg) 2404 2361 2326 2295
    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) h2s7kJ/ko) 2137 2090 2051 2018
    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) 51 (kJ/kg' K) 6.94 6.786 6.661 6.555
    h2s = h_P5("WaterISteam", pz, 525) S2s 7kJ/ko·K) 6.94 6.786 6.661 6.555
    525 = 51 X2 0.9324 0.9148 0.9001 0.8873
    h2 = h1 - efft * (h1 - h25)
    x2 = x_hP('WaterISteam", h2, p2)

    0.94 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.93

    0.92

    X 0.91

    0.9

    0.89
    P, ~loOb&?
    0.88
    60 70 80 90 100 110 120
    P1 (bar)
    kNOWN, W()..~e't'" lS tke. wo~\"":> ~tu.A.C( '\1\ alA ide-Colt l2.Q.II\~ ,i..\e ~c\e. \.\.)I'+L..
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    Nt.xt) sk.~p +0 ~.J«k ~ : P<t= 6kPo,.; ,) X., ~ o.tt =<> l.,'t:' ;23:15',5 b:r/kj
    SCf: i.5I/CJS k:r/~,K
    .sfo.+e. 3: 13::. 5 00 "Co) S 3 =- S'{ :. 7, 5 ~ q S \::3" 1lc.:1' K =t> r ",okyo po I"..h' ~ \ '"
    TC4Io\-e. .At-lf f3 ~ JS.l'3S ~ew
    j J \-\'3~ ~412.3 \c~(L:,
    Now J Sft;c.te ':$: W',+~ s,. =-SI ::. b. Cio'1."( k::rl~ ~ P,.:=. p~ ::.15 ,i35 ~ l>o\A.ble
    ;l'\terlPo\Q.+'l.OOk \\1\ 'TQ.~\e A-Ll- ~\V~S h:z.~ 3040,5 \cJ'(~
    ~w.-re 5 ~ f s '== b " Pc.- ) s~t. l't\A.i.e( 9:> hS =- J 5I,S'.3 k~/~
    $·Io.. ( e Co', h" ~ "'5 "" 175 (Ye. - Ps)
    :::. lSI,S~ ~ 1" (1,00"" Xco- 3) ;:,~ (100-,0(") b"""
    ':. ISI.S 3 + to ,£>fc:, =. lC91. '54 k.~/\~
    To c1.~~'\",e. +~e. ~'n~~l eUtc.\eIl\CCj \ {-\~s.t eVtLlUAte. ~ "",~t wovle.. ~
    LUu,+ ~~S o~ s.-t~CA.1M .f..low
    W~le. ;. ~ - ~ ~ (kl-~l.) + (h~ - ~\() - (k,,- ~s)
    =('3fo;).'S."!> -30~O,S) T(3"'12:~-Z.3~S,f» - (10.0<-)
    ::. 1121.2 k::r/~
    Also) *~ ~t ~t ~ -!or ~ 'oo\\\"1/su.ve.,.~eC4.+\"-1 ) per l.\iM.t ~~
    of- s+~W\ flf)W is
    Q,'",,/ ~ ::. (h ~'-') +( \r. 3-~~\ ~(~Io~S ,'3- L~l. So,) + (~'l12..3- 3"40,5):' ~6'i5.5 ~
    I -

    ~~ .
    _ VJea1c\e. I'~ ,-z '2.\' "2.. _ (01 )
    Y\,- Q~~(~ - ~9~S,S - 0,'4"\1. llt{,Z. /0 OlII!-4!I....----------
    Q,lowN ~ The "t~1 Ro."k.i"\c ~c Ie of- Pre)bJ.er\l\ ~.C\ is ~Oat-hec<. to ;~clw:(e
    r~eo..t. ~'MAuHOw ('Ate i.s #..e. S~1Me <U 'JoI\ Probl-er\l\ 8.~.
    FIND: D.efeC"Y\'\\"'CZ -ro..- ~ 'MOt!·l-tl'e.e( ~c:..le to) ~e. ~et ,OWfW' &evetopeJ)
    {b> twt 'Ca.~ of ~rd- -tTO.~tt'er -1-0 -tW. WOrk, t\j ~lu.it.l j", -+/,.Q Y-e~+
    proc.es'S , tku,&. <.cl +w. tkeV'~1 dfic.lelo1.c.o:J '
    SCkfSHAD'- t Gt\VEk> DATA: ~ ~ L.'t- y.co~ IbJ~ ,TUrbine 1
    rr- ---- - --=j] f :: lc.ao!!t Turbine 2
    I 1100 of I Steam I • \"'~., ~- ;l
    I generator (To" U Ol> of fJ - II I
    (000 or- It:'I
    ~\V\
    "","",~,r/ I 1 ~ II
    IS. r::-
    2
    1 3 ,
    - - - - - - _::!J 73:.
    (000°i=' Gout'

    A-$suMPTIONS: Sa.rne AS Ex(A.""P/c. B. a,


    4NM-YSI!.: FINt'J -t\.x etJ.J:.1A. of ~ fYI'", c.i:pAt sto..tes,
    Sfct~e t : F,::.{f.oOO Lbf.ltK~ ..-r;::.IIOO°F =t:> hi: tSlf1,1 ah.cJlb~ sl:.l.(j)~lS' 8~/1l,.°R
    S-fde. 2.: S'2. -:5 1 : (.(,'\IS BkA./1l,.oR) sc..tu't"O-teel 1.I'"'t1f6Y' '=t> :rK-H.rpol't+';" 'l-\
    Ia-ble A-.3 E; p~ ':leo lO.S Ib-?/li.t~ ~ h'a,::' tlS'l. t &I1A.llb
    SfoAe 3: 1):. lo.~ Ib+"it~ .. T3 .. (000 of ::#\> 1-&3 '2 IS~1.q 13"....,,'b .. 6 3 " l.q(,o$' 8J.«1U"De,
    Skf4.4: 7',,-:1 tlPlh,,~ I St=s3 :t> )t.ct::' hit::' tOQS86tu/li,
    O.qqO$" I

    Skit, s : fs::' I 'b.fl Ii.~ ,) sQ.f. I ifllA.UJ. =p 1.,5 = IIe;., C/ akt Ilk.
    Sfa!e. ~: hw~ ~s .,. 1% (PI, - p!S) ::. 1'1. S '2. 8w.llh (s~e. Prt>bI-e"" ~.tt )
    <D.J 'rl1e Y\e+ power d.ev4.C8peJ.. is
    w~e.~"'~ [wll~ -w,./~1 :,~l(h,-~a.)+(k3-k'l)-(1.,t--~s)l
    ::~.4 ~(Ow It l[(ISCf1.1-11RI.I)+ ((53'.ct - foqS.q)-(711.Sl-~q. 7'0) ~
    = {. (( g x (0 q Bbu./ h -.Q Wc.~c.I~

    (bJ For fW. r-deAt rroc:.e.-.,


    a\,,~4!cd = h, (11 3 - ~"I.} =Q.~ Kl0 6 ~)( (S1(.C1-ni'.() ~ = '{.en K(08 8; ;
    II{ l\.t>n Clat
    (c.) -rkt. +lAD.,\"t'\o\.~ e.-UlC.;-elll.Ccj : S
    'VL:: W~ ':. \IV U:J de. ::. (, Il ~ X to C1
    Q\k Yh [<h ,- ~ '"') + (h:&-~~ \) I.Ii x io W [ ( IS~1.1 -1't,S~)+(S\1.Q -Uit. I)!
    =O\L41~ (l{1t~%) ~ )'\
    PROGLeM B.28

    kNOWN ~ The ic(eJ:l.[ Ra.~kl;"'1l. ~de of Pr'oh/.eM (3,2 is m"tl(f,ed 10 ,i-tcl-c..£de r..eheat
    fO'lP;oDc ().f t'- p".essuve Df O.7MPa... The net powerOc,ltput-i.s /c.n..cWh.
    1>ekY'MIVte (0.) +ke. ra-fe of i1efA.tfra~fer ~ flul workJ"'1 tlui.J I~ #re.
    +-he ft..te('~( eU-{c.i-e.J1C1j./ (AM ee) tt1e raie of
    steCl.rIit ~.t.l1ertLtor)(b)
    he'd' fffA.flster ~ cool'~1 WAter- p(.c.'SJlI1j +hro".,u. tLte cb11deMse.r:
    ,
    SCHEM4T/C. t <irWEN DArA: Giv.
    I .3 IJtl!I",o,. rr---- --'1l T l = 480°C Turbine 2

    T
    "7~,,-~ I
    I
    Steam
    generator
    IPl
    I
    = 8.0 MPa
    G-
    -t
    II
    r;- ;l
    I
    Wt
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    l..!:=f====

    s 6
    W -..;: : ;--' 5 Saturated liquid

    Assu~pn()1J~: Sa.me AS E)(o..MfJe. 9.3.


    AtJA'-'Y~I$: FIrst) ?..~ etAc~ of ftte. prlHci,tA[ s+r:des.
    5fate (: R ~ 8MPo. -:Bow I 7; ~ 1.18oOC =C> ~t": 3348.11 1c..:rlk5 ~ s/ ": '.b SSE> Ie;]' [J~'I<
    5fa,;fe 2: f.,": 0.1 tvI()4l\ ~ 71«M J 5.=5, ~.)(2,: s~- Sfz. :. o.,eqs.) h-z.. -=1.1'/1.8 k:rllc.
    z. s~'L ,J

    Siale3: ~ -= 0.'1 M~J 13:: '1BOOC => h 3 =3438,'t k.:JIl~) S3= 1.6723 Ic.::r(~
    ~
    5 t (l,fe,If: Pif =(),Oe ba.r) ~ -=:,siJ -v )('t = Sy-S~~
    s~Cf :. O.q5"33~ h~ :. 2.'({P"l.1f Ic;rl~
    stales: Ps :: 0,08 /ot;w-J sa-f. (if""'" =\> hs :. / 7 3 . 88 lcJILc:1.) ~ =- /.oo8l{)CuS 3 rn¥~
    Sfa.fe ~:
    hltJ -x, ~s r 1JS (P" - Ps)
    :. rrs.es t
    l'h'
    {l.oo8lfJ('O-JJ ~ (80- O.08)b~
    JlO~ tJ/M~lll k~
    I 1t:»4..... J0 3k1'M
    I
    :. //3.8f!> + e.e« -:: IBI.il/- k~(lcj

    U\\ To d·d-eV"WlI"'e. #Le.. rMe. e-f ketLt fr(.L~!?er a,i.) .f.;r-st +liAe;,( +he ntta.f;S flow
    ra,1e. The. Vle.t powe.(' ou.;tru.t of ~ ~d(' i.s
    W~t -= Wt:, ",Wtl. - Wp = ni [Ch l -t1 z ) + ("'3-h~) -ct-J,-hsil
    or . w~
    Y\f\ =(h,-",~) i-("'}-~~) -(h,,-~s)
    _ (1 ~ 0 tv\ w) 110' (G:rJs/ I MW I
    -( ~ 3'tR>.4 - ~"1LIt. B) -r(3'i 3 e.' - 24<'Q. 6) -( 8.0b)] k.::r/k.t:J
    :. "3. sq ~9{S

    1ke. ~H~",-t kLotster ~~e. \.5


    G.\Li\ ~ v\A ((\"I-~") +- (~)-~Z,)J
    PR06LBM 8.28 (Cbrat/J)

    .Il'lserl-d"9 values
    Q"k ~~3.5~~)
    s ((3?JLiS.lf -IBI.t::t'l) + (3V3fJ.1- 2'11/1.8)l~1 ' ~""I j
    !J , 101cJ'S ,
    ::.;2. 'is. '1 #J\W~4 Q,'~
    ~'

    (b) 'The fher~~ (~f+lcicv)(:.~ lS


    w~ loE>
    \It -: :1.~5.1 = o,tt01 ('t o .1
    %
    G.\\I\:: ) 41 _

    (e) The ",MJ2. of. . ~e(.(.t 4'mM.sfer -10 fUe c.oo/l'i-t~ wa.te,..- PV$S,"i-t j fk"'OCA'Jk
    t1'te c.onde",se.r 1$

    QOttf = ~ ( h¥ - I.-, s l
    =("3.S~ ~, )[2"("&'(,8 _ /73.fJS]
    s
    f,;:T
    ~
    I 'IoAW
    lo"J 1cJ'{s .
    GOtlot
    : 145./ MWoE~---------------------.;:....,;;
    I<NOWU: Tke Mc>d.ttlec.( Gldde.t>f p,.obf~v"1S.Z6 is r'€consic,(Q.re.c:(.
    ELtJ..D.: I~vesf(~Q.te +ke eff.ec,..i-s ov\ GC.jcle perforMC\~ce. (;loS +~-e. re~~
    pr~S'su,re a.~ -k-lMp.er",tu.t'e +4lQ Oh o~er v~lu.es. Collstru.ct
    su.i.t-~~Ie pto+s ~~ d.iscuss. Co,,"'ider fWst -tl1e t"e(((A1 ~cle. 4.~
    fl'\eV\ ASsuMe tke. -fuKl?,~Q. ~ G''''''''1' kCl\le.. fset1trCfic:. e#iciencies
    (~~~ tMl'\ l,4n i -l~.
    SCt+eMMtC a G.r\lEAJ Dk7A: See soltNhOIl\ fo Problem B.z.e.
    A=S~ MP uaus. See E')(Cc.~f.e. B.3 J a vtt'l Jtt. ~ Yl t ,. :. I1p c <0.8 fr,r "'' 'e se.co~
    pa.
    ltNM...'1S, 5 ~ Tt-te per+o('Mavtc.e of tl1e is 1j"..l/e.st/~aA-eJ b~ d-elerrn I VJj
    C4C(e.
    the e·{'fect 5 0'l1 +tt.er~~' -e+fic.ieIt1Oj of- vary ';"9 tL-ae. ...e..ltleC(.t 'P,..essu...-e. (;\.~& -lite..
    r~l4eOt.t +~M.rera.tL(K"e 1V\ 4u.('V\ .

    BelA£0t Pressure.

    The. r.e~ecd- pre"ure. is


    vo..rie& whi Ie f£\e. r.ekw..t
    +ernp~rC(,ture;s he\& constaKt.
    The. e.ffect o~ #te.v-Mt'l(
    ef+icieV\C.li is skov.>~ ort
    ~e~rttp" belDv>.
    as' 2'

    D.o'8 ~a-r

    I. Note #I.e.. t -fk (l. (.(;\. YVes to r


    bofh. tf1e Yeve{'~'llo k (A.~ O.4·r-------.;;::--------~
    Irr~ve.f$""(e {Poses SUCk'\I~)\T
    ~~'~\A.W\SI i""etita+1V\'
    ~~ opt, r\;\tA.~ r-e.lAe""t Pr'~s~u.~.
    l-towe"~('J ~e e~ec.t is 51 i~kt.
    0.2
    2. Not~ -tk~t +~e. frolo\eW\ 6f
    1ow ~v.~l{~ &\.t +ke. h,t~bl~e.
    e ~ l t is reJ.uc.ee.t tU +l.uL 0.1
    r.e,\.\e~t f(e~su.(e. 0\.5 lo..vefeA..
    0.0 L...-..J_---l-_---l...._...I--_..L..---..J_---'-_---I.......J
    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
    Reheat pressure - bar

    3-4h
    PROfbtEM 8.lt} (CDltt'd)

    «e.t.te.a.f -re.M pe(4~

    T
    The Ye~eM fe Mperet.f (A.t'e.
    ls v« r i~et w"'de, +ke. V'e~eAk
    p-re.ss(,(.re. is held WM.S~~ t.
    The t~ec..t O~ t",efMA.l
    et+ide.~~ is skoWl\ 0)\
    tkt.~ Y"tA.p" be.lM.

    0.4
    I. The.V"rY\~ l e Ute le1l'G~ is
    on\4j s\i"kt\lj a.~acteJ.
    ~ tj" =tj,,=tj,=
    0.3
    b~ r'~keA-t t.(,~e(,A:k,A.re.
    100%.
    t'V\ ft\l~ ce.se. 'BO+h +ke.. TI
    '(ev~V'<;"\ \ole ~'ArA \ rre\fev-slkk 0.2
    Tlt1 = Tlt2 = TIp = 80%
    ~es -folAow S\t\I\" 'CA.r"
    ty'<l,\'\t:ls . 0.1
    2. N~fe f~ ~e. prol,leV'A P2 = P3 = 7 bar

    of low ~v.oJLi1j a.t tke.


    tu.rlo\he r.e~ecl
    ex\t rs 250 300 350 400 450 500
    ~ +he. Y"~etrl ~~r'tkue Reheat temperature - 0 c
    I V'c.re",ses.

    8-41
    PROBLEM 8.30
    I<NowN: OpE>ro.fit'\j do..+o... AI'e prol/ie/Qd fo,... """ "c:lC?...A /(A"'\ !<.!;t·e cycle
    "'' '0.+ hAS reh~o.t ~+ p-u.ssure p beft..v~~111 +h.t. +"" ... Io,'Vle .s+-...,es.
    F /tv f): CA):q PIp, =0, '2.. . :J wl.t e r'e P, c.O -tL...4. ~"b ,'I'te ,.r'I Ie t f"~ ss u reI d ,,-·h v """-"Io\.e.
    ...~ c,/ e\ e 4-"'U/ol\o4-..R a.t!r' c..\O&l\ ('7 ~ c! oS ~ ... """ "l VA I ,'ry ""+ l' ~ ~ " t: ~ 'D
    n-eo"".,j -h\or' b ......oS ~,~, (t1) PlOT +'- f ~H '1{ h'o$ ~~ (0..) Ve.-,l..CS PIP, V""'o..lo'\ ,
    fro",,", O. OS' 1'Q I, 0 . , ~
    ~et-K'lV\lI\\U~ & ~'V1.~ b"'T~: ASSUMPTIONS:
    P.1=2S00\'~f1itl1... _ ' _ 3 I, (o",iv.1 "O(\I,,"~1 ~&o\elt>I'·l.o\," .eQ.e~of+L.4.
    :..-. looooF pr"",e~~A.\ co~po ... elAon Ave ...+ ~~d{
    ~+..te .
    T , . E.4C&... pt'oc.o • ..s c'" "I'l 1e,.""..1I., re \/~VS, "/~
    00M.L +c... ~yb jkfO ~ +-'S'f'J ~cl pl.>lMp
    Ope. ,. ... k ~·",~~ku.l~
    p
    '3- ~"leh't/pokM.W .e""e"..~'1 CAkJ.aAc')IoU>'ed,

    , Ibf!i"l..

    ,..U."''1'S\l'. (t>-) Fet" ~~ c.C&se PIp,: O.'LJor p== soolb.fJ;k~ +c..... pVilllu..p~tS'4-~
    o.l'~ f'\-.cecl N ~{o.....,,~ h"o_7o-bl~ A-IfcJ "'(: 1'l-S'l,2. B4-/'~ S, = '.S2.,2. 1Jh../lh· 01(.
    W:"'''' S1. =s, ,i,,\..... t"O\ .. ~"'" ~ T~ A-IootG..::t Sootlof/ilitj'l., ,iV"s h2, ~ 12.''''.1:\ C>l-/ib,
    Q) A\ s~~) ~3: IS1.O,'1fJJn,../'h/ "S3= t'73'T( 13~/(11' o~. T""-"'I (,.u;t-e- ~ ....+-1r~
    1;lch A- 317 M' 111tJ-J1 j"l. J "" ... ~ 5'1- -:. SO,] ~ )<4\-

    X+ ': S3 - ~f:: I· 7371- o. 13 2.~ = e. &,,'S ~14'l--= b,.1f1. + .S"" SO (I03(p.o) ~ <}70.5" 8fc,.Jllo
    s,,· S", \. 8+~~
    Fr_"~ A.l~) "S-:. CD '·1 6)".1/11,.,...J.. '" '" ~ ~.r -t "s-( P,- - Pr) ) 0,...
    \1\(. -_ l.Cl-':f ~ "" 0.0 1ft, l't -#l
    j
    (~.soo -I) 1i~
    IlIr I TW ''I-'l-ihLI \ ,8~
    l18#"&f T -
    i , 7T1.25-n...
    . lob

    "T"'-a ~-...t ~c.4."'e.., 14 ~l v» .... ,. ~


    "\_ (hl- ~~) ~ <. "'3 - lot",) _ ("',-hI") _ <!.'fS't,'l, _1~Co't,tt)""'(1'S'1O.l-97t).S)
    -(11.2-(.,.1)= 0."'''' 'lJ~<J.X)
    - l~I -"'.)+("'3-~"') - (''''~2.-T7.'l.) ~ (I~u·l- 11.4~A) "-. _

    (h) Th~ £i(L~ -foy- 4--hoe r~u..ir"u pl,o+s aee oh~~ I.U -» I T.1 a.s to tlows; : \\.

    It Code
    p1 = 2500 Illbf/in. 2 h3 = h_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    T1 = 1000 /I of 53 = 5_PT('WaterIStea mil, p3, T3)
    pratio = p2 I p1 h4 = h_P5('WaterISteam", p4, 54)
    pratio = 0.2 54 = 53
    p3= p2 h5 = h5at_Px("WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    T3 = 1000 /I of v5 = v5at_Px('WaterISteam", p5, 0)
    p4 = 1 1/lbf/in. 2 h6 = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * (144/778)
    p5 = p4
    p6 = p1 x4 = x_h P("WaterISteamil, h4, p4)
    eta = «h1 - h2) + (h3 - h4) - (h6 - h5)) / «h1 - h6) + (h3 - h2))
    h1 = h_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1)
    51 = 5_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    h2 = h_P5('WaterISteam", p2, 52)
    52 = 51
    PR08L-EM 8.30 (UMt'o(.)

    IT Results for P2m1 = 0.2 (P2 = 500 Ibf/in.2 )


    h1 =1457 Btu/lb
    S1 = 1.526 Btu/lb·oR
    h2 =1265 Btu/lb
    h3 =1521 Btu/lb
    S3 = 1.737 Btu/lb·oR
    h, =970.4 Btu/lb
    hs = 69.58 Btu/lb
    hs = 77.05 Btu/lb
    Vs = 0.01614 ft3/lb
    11 = 0.4493
    =
    X4 0.8695

    'PLOTS ~

    0.5 , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.49 0.9 -
    0.48 0.8 -
    0.47 0.7
    0.46 0.6
    ~ 0.45 ~ 0.5
    0.44 0.4
    0.43 0.3
    0.42 0.2
    0.41 0.1
    0.4 -1--,----,--,....-....,.---,----,--,....-..,---;-----1 0-+--,----,--,....-..,---;----,-__,....-,.---,----\
    I I I I I

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
    P2! P1

    1. \t' e(.(,v~ rYiV\\-l\A~S o~ f~ 44-<.. etlv':hlnA) +\A.e \/d-.LlAe ~ .s 8' v-e,1I\ ,11\ TC4Io\e A-~E.
    )
    at P=S 00 '!of "v..~ T;: loOO°F" W~~ I~CDrV'ec.f lj liste&t t(s \.1411 etu/llo· Df< •
    Ike currec(-eM. \/A.lM.e of. s > '.'311 'IS (;.S'e.d IV. ~'IS SoLu.+LU'lA.
    'Pt208LEM e. '3 I
    \<t-)OWN: Wt:'-~r t.s +t..tl.. work,,,, .,c.\u.~J. '''' Il.'" 'ic.leo.l R.~"'~''''~ Ol:!c:.le M.oci\~,c.((
    to iV\elM~e. t1A("ee. ~\",-e s~u wi-l-k re~q.4t loe-l-wee.V\ ~ sinoes.
    'DCLtQ. Q.('~ kll\.owV\ V4rlo~~ ""+
    IOCCl.h.·o~. T~e p~c;;.su.(e 0";
    -t~ .s+e~W\ e\<.j-k~, t'-- flll'"st - S~j~ ~,..Io l"'-t I..? to.
    F 1"-'\:)', ((L) If p: io"'l PD.) c1c.-4-et-~·lI\e -t ............+ \,At.,. ~ r." v~ 6 """'-'~
    ,f-/o......,,·I<'\' o.lI\..L ~ -+~-..t 41r'c..:~t'1 .
    (10) 'Plo~ +L... 1""e......h·h·.J b+ p ..... t (11) If"I"ft.t.s p /l..A"""",~ fYo-
    c. SO -\1) I M'c...

    SCltEMATlC 2 4\VEt-l D,A.7A:


    Q• \11\
    • 0:; 220
    ~
    bM
    s"o·c. 1;::'-:":-:...:::3o,;::'--=-:"':-=:; I
    r,
    1j~ ~oC - - - -
    _ - - -

    &l'to°c. I I
    T l>"AU\A fe: p I l~. tu~.
    1 3
    S ~"O"c. I
    I
    I
    --
    I 5
    b,L,...._-L~r---::.~~-----'

    '1
    s

    ASSVMPTIOIJ$~ Sa.'Me. a.s il'\ Exa.Y\A-p\e B.3.

    AJ,)Al../tIS: (6-) p -=. 4 ~PA. r;,rt I f.''fC E'o.c"'- 1~. Pt'''t\.c..ip~ s~.

    3tg.\<2.l~ rl~~).O b~ ~T,::S'ZO°c. =I> hI ~ 3133.7 k:rI~Js,:'S.83S1 lcJ'"lk,'K.


    Sto.te. 'Z.: Pooz,.:' 40 bClr J S 2. :. S I -=t> )<7. ':: ~.tf4 S If J h:z. ::. 18."1 kJ"I k" 2."
    S+cs.+e. '3 ~ r.. =. 'to bQ.N' Lt qO·C =t> k.J 'a ~30'1.1 k~
    1 T 3 =.

    S+cc,te. 'i~ P't ~ S bQ.Y' ) S't :. $3 =t> hOi ::.2185.0 k.;r/ ~


    I'" ) $3:''' .'0""' I lc::r I\'~r K

    S4a.+e. 5~ fs::' 5 bQK' J T s :'!>"o°c. =t> hs = '3188.4 kJ"(~) 5s =/.Iofoft, k'J'/k,'K,


    S+Me.. fo·. flo .... e.cs bCW' ) Sit.:' >s :¢o- X" ::. .<'12"ll ) he. =2.'3Ci1.' leT I ~
    S-ltI.;i'e.1 ~ p,:. 0,0'8 b~ ) so,.t. Ii<t\.\.lc( =t> L1, :: 1'73. ee k~ /k.~
    Sffc.te. 8" h 8 ~ h., + v., (fs -f., )
    :: ('~. 88 sr
    ~
    or ( I. 008'1 xco- 3 ) ~ ('320 -
    (c.3
    .08) b-l ILOS N/WI.'2./f
    llo",,..
    I "'J'
    lc/ tJ·~
    J
    :. l,~.8B +~2..2" :. 1.0fo.lt.f ~T/~
    ~J ~"c:{e+e..V"M ~l'\e the n.e.+ wot'\c.. per u.1M.~ V\l\.kco,S of s-\-u.M. ~low i~ )
    be~\", \H\~ t~e. -\-u,v1o\lAe '5~e.s. T~t t~

    ~ :: (h,-ht.) + ( ~3 - h... \ +( ~s - hlo \


    :. ~ \ ~ ~.1- '2.~' 8. ~) +( ~~O".l - 2.'185.0) +(~ \ 88.L( - Z. 3c=tCf.q)
    :. \lloS.lo k:r/~
    A V\. 6.) ~ +Wt pu-\Mf
    WJ ::. h 8 -~1 ::. 32.2.ft, lc-:r/k5
    'P£OBLEM 8.31 (COll\td.)

    For ~CL wor"\~, tlu.it\ ~fA.~~~'~ t\\tO~k tw. c.;+~ ~t.II\e rClLfor,
    tlA.e. to\a.l he~+ -tnu\s~er \~c\v..tt\·"'5 -+~ '(*-e\A~t fro<:e,se.$ is
    ,
    ~ :(h,-~8) +("'3- h ,-) +("'s-~'+)
    =- (~\3'., - 2.0~.1~) t-( ~~Ol. \ - 2(,,8.7) + ("3183.\1 - 218".0)
    : ~'l5'\. t(- "'J' {~
    +~e.Y~l e~lcie~CAj is
    ~~c\e ( ~ \,'?>~.~
    =----
    Q\",/~ ~<:t seVf

    ITCode II Second turbine stage


    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    p1 = 320 II bar
    53 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3)
    T1 = 520 u-c
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, 545)
    p2 = 40 II bar
    545 = 53
    p3 = p2
    II Third turbine stage
    T3 = 440 II °C
    h5 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p5, T5)
    p4 = 5 II bar
    55 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p5, T5)
    p5 = p4
    h6s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p6, 565)
    T5 = 360 u-c 565 = 55
    p6 = 0.08 II bar
    II Pump
    p7 = p6
    h7 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", p7, 0)
    p8 = pt
    v7 = vsat_Px("WaterISteam", p7, 0)
    h8s = h7 + v7 * (p8 - p7) * 100
    II First turbine stage
    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s) + (h5 - h6s)
    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1)
    Wp= h8s- h7
    h2s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p2, 525)
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp
    525 = 51
    Qin = (h1 - h8s) + (h3 - h2s) + (h5 - h4s)
    eta = Wcycle I Qin
    IT Results for D2 = 4 MPa (40 bar)
    h1 = 3133 kJ/kg
    51 = 5.835 kJ/kg'K
    h2s = 2678 kJ/kg
    h3 = 3307 kJ/kg
    53 = 6.903 kJ/kg'K
    h4s = 2784 kJ/kg
    hs = 3188 kJ/kg
    55 = 7.665 kJ/kg'K
    h6s = 2399 kJ/kg
    h7 = 173.6 kJ/kg
    has = 205.9 kJ/kg
    Vvcyce
    I Im = 1734 kJ/kg

    Q. I rn = 3960 kJ/kg
    In
    l'] = 0.4379 (43.79%)
    PRDeC£J.-t 8/31 (CcnJ"~. )

    PLoTS :
    1800
    1600 ~
    1400
    C)
    ..l<:
    -. 1200
    ~
    ~

    ·E 1000
    -.
    Q) 800
    U
    >,

    'Su 600
    400
    200 -
    0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (bar)

    0.45

    0.44

    0.43
    l="

    0.42

    0.41

    0.4
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (bar)
    PR OBLE="M ~.~~ *
    l<~o""": Wo..~el i'i ~t. WOllr.,,""'l .c.l\A.~d ;.... o.t'o ,tAUA.\ R~"'\k.,"'\e. c'{de. M.o~i.~d 4-0
    \~cl~4.+wo .(..v.f"b''''t s\-Ql..C\~> "",i""."t.~~ be.~ •• "",~t. s....o-ct.~,
    i\t.kr~"""'~ ().~et{>",,1IV\P e-~e',,,,""'c,-ej ~r~ ~SCYo,
    FINO: (-.)~t. rlA-'h. C>~ ~t.~{.ro.V\.st.e., ..t..() +\.t. wOf'k\o~ ~ll.\,\.oi. po.\~\ 4 ~ro"",'"
    ~e s~~,\ ...-c.r","-o"l (,\ ~t .",{.t. 0.(:. \\t.ed- {.r-Q.""'$~r o""'" ~t. wor~'''''' t ....
    .cl""l~ ~""~l"'5 ~rolAl(~ ~~ ~.. ""'!>e."'1 (c.\ ~t. cvc.lc. e.~~~\ .. -<.\( , Q,"f1
    S( \olE t\A.'T~c.. ~ G-( VE"w 04-T A:

    T --"':"'.--:~- l 000 0 l=

    Pcond = ( p'Ol

    '------+--.,<;6,~.-.:>.' Pump
    I ~
    6
    _./ 5 Saturated liquid

    A-S~VM,r~otvs.: ~o---t. ~\ \""\. G')(,()''''''~\t. ~.'1


    kJ~" ~ 1>~ Fi r .. -4- f .c.~'l(, e.Q.C.""- C> ~ ~t. ~ f \ ~c ~ t \c.. S+o..\ e. ~ ,
    ')~cMt..l ~ r
    ':'l~()O (,*/i"," T':.(OooOF =) ~,,,: r~n . c.( Bo\ov../tb I s, ':.l.tiOl~ ~~/lb ~ra
    I I I
    S~e.'t:, ?~':.uoc>l\.~{\~, S~~:.S, ::;> 'lC lS ~O.. 'l~oOI ~ ': l(('l,4.C\ ~~ lib
    (~ ~ ~~
    0,¥~ ~
    11t. ': ~~) (\\:=
    ~'\. II ~q . ~~ ,~ Ilb :) ':
    s~e.~ " t'l': (gOO lb~ (\V\l.. I T~ ':. lOoo· \= =)~~ ':. (5 nJn~"""'/lb, Sl ~ (.lISS B~{l bOft
    s ~"C(~ P" ~ \ l~(\","- ( St.(.~ ':. ~l '=') ~~S ":. 0, eS-'1 I ~\(S ': q~ . ~'1 S~ { l b
    ('-',- "'~)
    AA ":. 0
    -'t'
    .«0 -- (" _ ~ ) ==> ~4 -- l 0 4.~, 1..~ ij-w.. ( tb
    ,. 'u '\
    S-\-9i~t,~: Ps ';..l(\>~(~","" I SM .h&, .S) ~ ~ ~Ct1"l ~k(lb, V--s ":: 0.01«111.( ++ I it>
    sWeG>~ r(p -::,'(100 l,* (\,,\", ~~~~+"'S'(~l_-P~V."p Q
    lee. -= {,C\.1'i ~ ~(O . ()'(,l")~ (\{ClOO-I)(I\{l() ~,-I;l:~1 -=-(p~.1~ +l\{.)4 ~ \f4,Oi ~
    ~e"'''', et..+e I'_\~" \."'-." +-\0\1\1 r~t of.. ~t. wor" \ ~ 'I",,\.ct.
    \AI k &.\00 -= W*:. - W~ =- ~ [,(", -~,,) + ( ~\-~,~) - ( ~lo -~s)1
    \i, cA- (too f1W) 1000 fW/~ I , ....
    ~ _ " - I"" 0 I
    - (~,-~,-) +(~;- ~)-l"'~ .. \\s) - (((111.'(- lIQCl.~)+(lSI1.~ - lO~l.U}-( Qo«(.o~ -1;U&f] ~
    ':. ~ 19l. 01.. l b I s
    (~) 1\.«. ""~t. o~\...~+,.~",,\tt.r.l..~t. \lJorlc.;~.c\v..~ t"\~t. S~tQ,-. Cif,tI\t.r.J..".. is
    ci 'H/\ ' : ~ ~,- ~~ ~~ ~'t.) ~ ll(al.o't\\~ ( \111.'\ - il(.O~ +-ISn. Q -ll~ ,ti~) ~
    ( "'" -

    ';: 2.S It.( 1-10 S' ~


    f.
    I \,0 SS
    t lh",
    I k:i II I 1'\""
    (000 ec.! ,~
    1·:::2t,S "'\ MvJ ....
    f
    & i~

    8-53
    PR.o~LE"M ~.s,- (co""t'cJ)
    t b) ~ ~ t"~t. 0 t- '" ~cAA-+ r~~~e r .c ,0","" ~ e, WO r Ie. i "'1 .c (""".tt \ ~
    't\. C. co...J. t V\.\ e r h

    Qo~t -= tM(~4-~~) ~(((g(.Ot.)((ot{,\!~-(pq,1\{)I\,~~~ll '


    ' I I Q,OlA..t
    ........i;------------------~
    G Ol.l /:; ': <.D5. '2-"\~ M vv
    1.

    1. ~~ eve r~l\ -e"" Ires ,'f b~~ Cl.Ii\.ct.. "'.c>lJ,S.tOf +he tll)ete. ~
    Q i ~ ': W""e.+ + Q Oltt-
    ;2.(gS.Z:~ MW ~ too MW + l\gS.-z.~ MVv'

    8-S3b
    PRol3LEM 8.33
    KtJOWt4 ~ A", \o.~~~ 'fev.~+ ~d~ O~nLte~ (c.;~ neA.'f\I\ 411. s t\e "'J0't'~\'\o\1 .(:.\ """c:{.
    Dver-a:h~ lYe$su.r~s a.\\A -k.~f,r~.:+u~s a.Y'~ 8 \VtM..
    ~.. flo+ +k~'('MC\\ e~\<:'le\\~ "e>tsv-~ r~~e",t p'(1::ssu.r~ .foy- p't'eS~lArs
    V'CA..~\"'i ~OY\l\ ~o bc.c.Y's +0 \2.0 \oo..V'~.
    5Cu€'t-\M\L 4
    &lVetJ DA--TA..:_ ...
    T. :; "OOOc.
    - - - - - ?,::tlf HPo.'''''''''
    T

    .s
    5
    St4.·h",V'Q..~ c.J. l\, ",-,t:(
    A-S'1LJMP1l0AJS: jee. E..K(l.Np/C 8.'3
    .#!M){S(S: F\{s+, +l)(,eo.~ ~ +-~e. r'(l·~c.~po.l ~es.
    S-k:Je. I: 'P,:' 140 bDH, II -:. "(!)OOC ~ hi,) S\
    5:\rJe z : i='o(" (1.~\~nV\ ?~)~ v..h~ s:a,:s,) we. CAM ~~ ""20'
    S=hak 21: f:~
    3 2..>
    T 3--toooOC ~ \..3 ) >3
    ~~ p~ -:. 0.0(" (o<W 1 ~ (NiH,... 54 ':.$ 3 ) we.. ~ <3e* Xi ~ V\",,'
    S\rAA-f 5' L _.a- I ' L
    "--~-""'-~' P =0,0,," PM') SlllA. Il~. ~ VlS ) ~
    I
    s
    .sWe "'. h(p~ hS~ '\JS(Pc.-fS-)
    5(lY\1'le ca.{eu.lo-AinA. ~ P:z. = 2. MP~ -= '2.0 ~a..V-. Us I k~ oJ...~ ~cM-1 ~ f?ko..UA .J.t,.lo/~s~ .
    hI k:r llc~ I S I -= (P." ri '2. \c.~ (~·I(. ,,",ow l 1.4./l ~ p~:: 20 b~J Sl.~S, i ~'1.: 2.q~",I. kJ/kg.
    = 35t ll . 1
    At S~ 3) ~'3 -:. 3b~O.1 1c'J"(~ l sJ:: 1.702.4 (c::J' 1I~.K. 'f~) Y'l\ -: O,O~ be.,y) S4 -: 53 ~We8
    ')(.4: :~-:1: :.;O~-O.S"2.10 ~O.ctl'l~ :':) ~4= 151.s3+(''lI'l(,,)(Z.4IS.'1)::Z~/?2k~(~.
    5-"f v.?>3"",- O:52lo
    }Jf>W, P5 :o.olP fo()N") ~cd-. (,"r ~ lAS':: 151.53 k.'SIk..~1 '1f'S ~ /'00,"4 '1010 3 'M31J~. F'~A~)
    L
    V\(,~ V\s+ '3 W\'3
    '\JS(p,,-Ps)~ lSI.S3+(I.OOb4xLO ) luj(\40- 0 . 0 C:J) 'C'co\"
    LI\05NJ'M~1 11c.'J'
    l Ir>a.rl lO3.,.~
    I
    :: l II 5." \ k'J" ll~
    ~cle Ck.d.w..~
    Ike. work. ~'(' uvJv-\- 'M.A $ s o-f 5~~ «.ow is 0 btc.\AlAeJ a.-s ~ ~ s '.
    ~ ~ ('tVt ~ (~l - lA '2- ~ l' ( ~ 3 - ~4 )
    Wf J'M ~ "'b -~s
    ~ W~/'M:: Wlc/~ - WpliA
    for ~, h.eo..t l~,-,,* 1~V\ ~ S¥-Q...IM tj.e.vJl..Y~ ~ (~ pY"oce{Se5"
    Q.iv./w.. :: (hl-hb)+(~3-"''2-) (4)
    F1208let-'\ 8.?>3 (Untt'e(.)

    TM. ~~ e.ft.1~ifMGlA -:.J


    is l1.:W~ G.1
    1A
    (5)

    hsey+t~~ ~~.fro-rn +ke. s~l~ c(l.l~ \V\lt-o ~$' Cl)-~) ~0JeS/~rz.::U>W


    W.~)w. ~ '~ll.,\ k'TlIc.s ) Wp / ';'" = l-4,Oe kT/", =~ 'N~/w.. : : 19Q7,8 /ai,
    o.,~{rV.:: 111Q,S k-:rl~ --':> \L~(),4(gC""(41o.07eyo)
    To obktA dA.~ +vv-- ~ (-e.tu.Cr"eJ pLot) we. use. IT) as +oLlcws
    IT Code
    p1 = 140 II bar
    T1 = 600 II °C
    p2 = 20 II bar
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 600 11°C
    p4 = 0.06 II bar
    p5 = p4
    p6 = p1
    IT Results for D2 = 2 MPa (20 bar)
    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) h1= 3591 kJ/kg
    51 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T1) 51 = 6.716 kJ/kg'K
    h2s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p2, 525) h2s = 2995 kJ/kg
    525 = 51 h3= 3690 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3) 53= 7.702 kJ/kg'K
    53 = s_PT("WaterISteam", p3, T3) h4s = 2373 kJ/kg
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, 545) hs = 151 kJ/kg
    545 = 53 h6s = 165.1 kJ/kg
    h5 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", p5, 0) W /m = 1912 kJ/kg
    v5 = vsat_PxC'WaterISteam", p5, 0) t
    h6s = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * 100 W 1m = 14.09 kJ/kg
    p
    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s) W 1m = 1898 kJ/kg
    Wp= h6s- h5 cycle
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp Q. I m = 4120 kJ/kg
    Qin = (h1 - h6s) + (h3 - h2s) In

    eta = Wcycle I Qin 11 =0.4608

    PLOT ~
    0.47 - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.465

    0.46

    ~ 0.455

    0.45

    0.445

    0.44 --+--...---,.----,---...-----,,.--....,----r-----,-....,-----l
    20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
    P2 (bar)

    r-55
    PR06t5M 8.34

    "NOWN~ AV\ \~t.\l r~~eCA.t ~d~ lues s~~ ~s tw worki~ ~\C{. 0per4 +\''''1
    p~$SUfeS o.~c;{ -teMp.4(',~Ju.Y"es o.re ~\V'eV\.
    PIO+ +~e.,(,~A\ e~lc.i~~CC1 vevsvs re~~~f preuu.re ~or pfe'Su-res
    V"o.~~l~3 froM "0 ' *1,,,,': ~o \2.00 l~l,~"':
    SCLteMM\c. 4 &\VeIJ DAT~: Qil\ P, :. '''00 \~
    rr---- ---~T,: I~OOOF
    SlUm I
    : eellefaklf I r-
    I
    T I
    I
    I
    I
    I~ :!JI

    .
    (9.ou.t

    AS5VMPIlQN~: SIZe. r:1C~w.r\e. 8.~


    A-NA-1,'!$1$: i=\rst} .tl)G e~cl.A. ~+ +~e 'Py,~c\r(;(.,l .s~+es.
    SfaJe I: Pi ~ 'bOO \1"4/1',,,'\ T I I2.c>OOF = Vl I ) s , '*
    ~: ~,.. ~ ,\'ve"V\ p~) cw..et.. ~l~ 5'2.::: $. )w~ C..QM es.e."t h2o'
    ~We s : P~=P'Z.) "t3 :\200°F =9" h~J $.,3
    .5in!e 4: p~:. \ IbthiA.2..) D.Md. wl4--k 51:: >3 ) W~ cet."" ,-t-t '){., ew...cL ~+ )0'( ~4 i~ s~.
    5~ 5 Ps e, I lJ,~ll~.:z.) SCt.t, I
    t. ~ 1"% ;t· ""s
    5We"·. ~(,-:::. ~S+'VS(rb-p~)
    ~ckcn1~.
    ~ W\AJ;S 9~ ~te.a."",
    T\t.R. Vo?0rk. ftV' +tow- cs
    Wt/~ ~ ("',- ~'1.\ +(~"3-1A.4\ (I)

    .W ,
    {viA::: l--.b- ~s . (oz.)

    W ~cle.l-M :. W~/'M - W-'/'M (3)


    ~ ~ \~ to ~ s-\<AIM ~eu4tx ~ v~ ~Yoc.~ t-S

    G-\\AJw.. : (It\.- \ltt.)+ (t... 3 - "'7.) . (4)

    .....,..... ~j J ~ ~w-.cJ et4-~C.lW.~


    f\\,\'.fL. J i..s V'\:= w ~.y~k
    Q.\v.
    (s)

    5lMA!p\e co.Je.vltVt·~. fz.:: bo Ib'}lti,...~ lAsl~1 ~ ..fro"",.yt,...e S'+ea.W\ +r.JoJe.s}


    hi -::. \f901. I 6+-v./\1o) SI: 1.(01-84 e~/llo· oR.. NoW I W l~ ?2,:: "0 ~.flllA.~ 57,. =5/; ~2.=
    \\~.1 e~j\~' At SW~ 3) \t\~= lb38,5 G+u/llo)s3:2.o448 tJ\-<.tIl~.4)V<. ~s)
    P4(- lWhv.. 1$4\ ~S3) 'fJwes ~4:: l/4".3 l3l-utlfo. /Vow) Ps ~l Ibflti-t7 ,5 ,,:t. l,~, ~
    tJ\ ":, <oQ.'4 6NILIeJ I 'V4":' 0.0161" #3//1>. F/~~l~
    5 t.
    Vl/, -:.. V1~
    L
    -I- 1Jj (p(" -P'S ) -::.19'i .14- T (O.D I ".14) {±..1 11:>+
    tI.., (I~oo -I) T;z.
    I \ -Pt?i~211 1'18\ ~. '~.f I
    144 B\.u..

    :74.52 /),./'//;,\.'2.

    lV\se".tIVt~ dod-a: I~+O ~~.(t)- (s) j\"ves; W rz=bo 1~.f{I'j,4,~


    f~oe~J-\ 8.34 (~-l'J.)

    W4;./ ~ ::. qO~.{P ehA/llo J wf/w.. ::'4,18 &+-cAJlb ~ yj~el.e/M = 8'l7.8 B!-u/11P
    QiVt/w. : lQ14.4 ~t4/\» dV 'V\::. ().4f5il (45,41%)
    TO t)h~tM- rJ.a.J~ . .fuy ft,-e. (~O(,u:yetA rlofs~ (,(Je. use IT, ~s +allows:
    IT Code
    p1 = 1600 IlIbf/in. 2
    T1 = 1200 II of
    p2 = 60 Illbf/in.2
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1200 II of
    p4 = 1 IIlbf/in. 2
    p5 = p4
    p6 = p1 IT Results for D2 = 60 Ibf/in.2
    h1 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p1, T1) h1= 1607 Btu/lb
    51 = s_PT(IWaterISteam", p1, T1) 51 = 1.668 Btu/lb·oR
    h2s = h_Ps(IWaterISteam", p2, s2s) h2s = 1196 Btu/lb
    525 = 51 h3= 1638 Btu/lb
    h3 = h_PT('WaterISteam", p3, T3) 53 = 2.045 Btu/lb·oR
    53 = s_PT(IWaterISteam", p3, T3) h4s = 1146 Btu/lb
    h4s = h_Ps("WaterISteam", p4, s4s) h5 = 69.58 Btu/lb
    545 = s3 h6s = 74.36 Btu/lb
    h5 = hsaCPx('WaterISteam", p5, 0) W /m = 902.8 Btu/lb
    v5 = vsaCPxf'WaterISteam", p5, 0) t
    h6s = h5 + v5 * (p6 - p5) * (144 I 778) W 1m = 4.776 Btu/lb
    p
    Wt = (h1 - h2s) + (h3 - h4s) W /rn = 898.1 Btu/lb
    Wp= h6s- h5 cycle
    Wcycle = Wt - Wp Q 1m = 1975 Btu/lb
    in
    Qin = (h1 - h6s) + (h3 - h2s)
    1'] = 0.4548
    eta = Wcycle I Qin

    fLO,:

    0.47 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.46

    0.45

    o 200 400 600 800 1000 1200


    P2 (lbf/in.2)
    or
    7 6
    3

    s .Wr~ '" :;/


    Pump 1

    MSOMP;LO~S: Sa-me Q.S E.)(Q.~pJe 8.5 ) except tfu..-i- the turb:lle s*'1es opet'/L-fe...
    li.t 0-\'\ i Y'lter l'\a.tLcj \'"evevs lb le mo.~ VIe r ,
    r
    ANA-L'I51$: Flrsf, .ft''>' e.~ of ..J.he. rIYtc.lpc't ( sktes. From The. sOLu.+101-l.. To
    Fr6bl-e1Yl8.2.,; ~l ~ ~34.8.1f ~:::r/l~ lSI:: b.bS8b, h3 =' Z08Z.'t k:r/~ )G\~
    ~ .., ~ 113. 8S k.:f/ ~ •
    "S·l·q.-teo 2.: P-z.:: '1!Qo-r I sz.::: SI :t> 'X'2,,::: ,ie95) k,,:. 2.1'11.8 k.:r/~
    S~ 5: ~s ~ ~\t T 'lr\f (fs -Pit )
    '" r·n. sa -to (\, 008(pCl 0- 3 ) ~ (
    = 113.99 + . G.ClS :: 17'1.58 k:f/~
    , .., -.08) b~.s

    Stq.;fe. b: f" -: 1 (oq,r ) Sc4'. I ;tu.~J. ~ \,w :: {,Q7.Z Z k.J"/k.~ • U"w :: 1.108 X'O-3\¥o3~
    S..ftJ~ '1: h,:::. ~c. t ~ ( P'1- p... )
    \::
    I\~ 1097. 22 + 8.oQ = 70S. 3/ Ic.::r/~
    :: (,,'\1,1.2. +Q.I 0 8)< lO-3)( 80 -"7)
    Appl~l",g V\'\a.~S a.1.\.J e\l\t;V'9'J rtt.-fe. bc.c.laKces to -Ht.t. c.cmtro'. VDLu. 144:t- e~cU>$i~ -I'h.e
    OP~vt h..ea..f, V" J +ke fra.c.+ loV\ ~ of .flow e~mc.fe~ o.t (ou..e. hOlo\.. /.- (oS '

    - h w- ltts (,'\1.7.'2. - 11If. 58 C


    L1 - ~ ::: ~D 3lD
    d h'l,-"'S 2.7'11.8-(1«#.S8 •
    (a.) To t\lI\G1. +v.e. heat -Ma.IA.SW vcde ~\"') '1+ is Hvst V\e.C2-C;!i.GtV'~ 10 d~krM'·Ii\e.
    ~t.vw:c.ss t-LoUJ '(c.cl~ 'M,. To de se, b~~\"" Wl-\to..

    ~ =(~I-~t.)+ «(-~)(~'2.-~3)
    I = ~3'i8.lf _ 2141.8) + (1-.2.0 2>Co)('l.1't1.8 - z.o8Z.ct)] ~; /I3L3 k'J/~
    \N.r
    VV\,
    : (l-~\I (~5-"'1.f ) + lh,- hI.)
    = (1-. 1.0 3"~ (.C.ct8) + (S.oct) :. B.b 5 \c.~/ ~
    tJow) W'I~

    W~c.{e : 'M, [Wt/~1 - Wp/~ ,1


    Tke. "MM.~S ~\'ow v"(A.~~ eV\.-\u-\~ +\t.t. +~Y"st ~~,~e s\-o..y- 'lS

    V\~::.
    , ... , ( \ C> c X ( 0 3 k \JIJ) I' Ic:-:r/s 8<i. 0 7 ~ I s
    \ (\\111,' - 8.(,5) l<:::r/~ llc.w
    F\l"Q.t~ } ~ \u..ci 1n\AS+~ V'~-t~ Q\~ i~
    Q\~::' ~, ( hi - h;)
    3
    ={8~. 07 ~ )(33118,,,. - 70s. 3/) \:I 1: ~b I
    :. ~3S xeD kW.. &\l'\
    \b) T~e. *~Y'W\IA.( e+t\c.le~~ ',S
    3
    '" _ 100)<'0 kw 0
    '\'- "')3 3 I :. o.qZS (42.5 (0)- "-
    ". S XlO rc-vV --
    (t) ~e. W(.l.<:'+~ of. ~ .(.Lov", ~ I ~T fGC.sses ~V"o~k t~ c.~eMS~(,
    is l-'a: -:: 0.1<1''''+. TlA.u.s ~ flt. ~4j;S +toW Me ~ c.oo\i~ wd&\"" ~
    ee c.l.e..i-eV'~\",cc( fvO'M
    o : (I-~) -M, (h 3 - h'l ) + w.. c", (h,~,i~ ~ ~'IAI,o"..,")
    Or . (I-~) ~I (n 3 - ~~)
    M -:. - - - - - - -
    c.w hc.wlolAot - ~C"'I \JA.
    w'\~ ~'W ':to ht (T) ~ T~'e A-Z
    ""ew ~ (O.1'l1o~) (8'l.O'7 ~) ( :to8Z.~ -113.88) ~ 13".": S I
    (14(,.<.8 - b'2..c=i4 ) 1,:3""/~
    : S.825'Xwc. k.3 / k <III!I"'~ ~

    1)'ISCuS$i Ovl. (l) ~e.. ne.t work J)e,y" U,IM...+ \M".~S e~Y'\~ +k.t. .f.ivst -\-v.Kloi""c. is

    less .«< -tW.s \M.etM~i~ ~(.le. ffAA\A.. tor t{,..t. !CU.o..( ~cLL. Tlu.t!, fo...- ~ S~*'t.
    ~ ~ (W...~""* 'M.Cfe. w-.e.c.~s 'MU-st ftbw f\Mo~'" ~ s+e~~ ~.e~.
    (z) T~ ~e. of ~ \"'f\d" -\0 ~ w~~ ~ e.S\'~ -\tv-oW)~ ~ .
    ~k«.M ~ cs, less .for 4k- ""-bkfi~e.( ~ ~CA.UlSe o-t re~.e¥\~fCA;1iO'1o'o
    \~~ vop0o\. fed.~ ~. As ~ reczvJ.:t.J ~ fla-r'fll\D..( e.f-H:c..let\~ I.S
    \V\~ClAul.. (3) T~e r(d~ &~ ~ecL't ,"ejec...t~ -to -tWt c.Dot~ ~ l~ \ets-f<l.r
    ~ ~'A..(teli:~·\ec(, ~c\e > \eA.Jll~ to 0.... S'MAlAex COOlL~ wde.r .ftow r ~.

    8-Sq
    kNowtJ: The modttie4 e-~cle O+- Prohlem 8.35 i s r€(cytsLd~veJ...
    rIN]): Il1vesfi9~k -+he. e~d·s 0\'\ Ujd€ performakc~ e.s ~ez.. fedc..ua..fer
    Vt(.CL.te.r pressuv-e.. -talus 0\'\ O+~er V~LW4. ecm.s..Jrue:t su.c.te::tlr,(e ~ r~hs
    CA~ o..l'cu.,s. U:m.Slqey- +~e. i&eaA ~cle. a...s well (.4S ~ Ctjde. fOr
    Whl~ ~ tlA.Y'IcHiIle. S"~e.s _AVwJ.. fUWfs ea.clA have. isel(fyepj(.
    effc.c ie.,.C(t:S less ~V\ UJ.i\ d·~ .

    sc&fG,\IlMLC a "V6AJ J>Md: 5e.G sol<.t~ 40 Pral,'et1-\ 8.~SJ


    ASSoMpn oNS i See EkC(Mplc. e.5) a~ ~+I =nil. = ~, -:. Hp:l:' 80 0
    / 0 ft>y +lie. sec,lJ Nd
    pc<r-f.
    ANALY5IS: The performal'tce t)f fl..te ~ is i~ves.J.i~a.fed. bfj d-e1lr-ttt '1I\1YJ9 ~e
    e(!fecfs OVl -fheo".a.l etf.lcCelttc,!1 "f v~v'y r~~ ft.te. kcd.Wc..:fM ~(lt+e; fr'eSStA~.

    '1
    1s ' ~
    +.,...
    Sa (,(.("tt-f.o"t
    : I;~

    5
    The rt'$u(!s of VtMI'jlkB +"'e. p"'~sslAre oxe. skot,u" eV'\ t\....Q. toll.Dwl·~~ plot.
    0.5 r----.----....----r-~___r--__.____,

    0.4 =_--"""'
    S "" _
    0.3
    ~'1"~='1" ~=
    11t1
    1]"
    11t2 11 p1
    ~
    ='1" 100%
    =11 p2 =80%
    0.2

    0.1

    0.0 '---....l.-~_....L..._~_.L.._~____l._~____'____J
    o 10 20 30 40 50

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar

    Nof-e. +k~t fhe.. ti1erYt\a.l e#-iGieVlUj does .-wf varf;j 'J'"eo.tlCj wif~ t€eJ..wtder
    ~ea.te(' pr~s u (eo) to u:t tk C(..(;V'\lt.C tJJJ eX IA iL'1 t 0- v\\.i1"X I ~ UM ;lIld! 'ed·We. of-
    ~~ 61'l-lV\;\t,.\.\I\I\ feed.w~e r ~e.£der pr~S'.s\A.r-e.
    PROBLEM 8. '31-
    /C.Noc.vN:
    e.u;+"" O"'G.
    W ... ~.r IS t'-..
    01''"'''' ~ed~A"'e".
    c.uO ....Ic.,·V\,

    heA4-e ....... "D~+&<.. "'~


    f-tvid 'I'\. A.. ~e, e. .
    V'o...Y"'·oU-<3 10 CA-n'~ o.f-e lc""-oUJIot
    ~~h·vt. p0u.,.,... ".. cycle.

    0. '" cl t""-t 10\,eO+- po '-'U-4"" 0 u..+p vJ- 1.4 , i ve"" .


    fiNO: De~.('''''''''''~ ft.,~ t"'-t....""'-.l ~fh'c.4e",c7 AIo\cL -t ...... ~u f-t.oc.v ....o.~ I'",to +~c.
    .fv..t- tv.... blll(" s~5~.

    I
    T I
    I
    I
    I I
    ll: ~

    ~SUMPTlON~ ~ Sta-me a.s c1ClIt.""'fle 8.5 ) .e ""cept. "'}!\a:f:- +he. hA.r'bn'lfL


    .S+AIJ~~ ofero.fe. ,i-t a.~ ;"te..-V\Al!Aj ,....\I~ ...$I»Ie. ~o.""'Vle r:
    ~NAL'lS\S: fl rS+.1 +-l>c. eA.c..k pt"l'""c.ipo.( &1tA:te..
    sfo.fe I: f, =/20 btw-) 7i = S3.0 D C ~ ~,~ 3CfOI.S kJ/Ic., ,)$, = (,.SS55 k;r11co'J:
    skdez: P.,,'::to bcw ~ Sa.=s, =t> Xa.= o.~q31.1 112. =2;"'1.'2. Ic.:r/~
    Sfd:e 3: P3 = 0.0," bC(,V" )53 =$, .::t> ><3 =0:172.7) h3 = .201 S.3 k~(~
    Sio-~e.4" F",=O.<!)fo ~Cf'r J s"*.Ii~\A-~~ ~ 1,11 :. 151.53 b~rlcs
    St-a.te 5: hs'%."1i + 1l"y(p$-py)
    ~
    :. /51.53
    "OJ
    +- (l.O()fol,f x.,6 3 Jn3)( 10-.0") bcw L05' ~(",'2.11 ~~
    ~ -s \ A\"'" ~~ .~ I I
    : 15/.53 r I.()O :: 152.'53 1:.~/(<j

    sNk,,~ f,,=lO b~ J sa:t-.lig..u.a '=t> he.. =14,2.81 k~l~


    SWe "1 ~ P7:: 120 heN", h.., -=- hI. +'lr" ([>.,-P,,)
    = '~~.&l r('a1 1.""13 X'0-3)(12.0 - to) I :~~ I:. 775.'2.1 1c.J"/~
    <'(4) App~\'~ eY\ev,~ Q..~ ~C4~S bllt(QlAces -t-o +k (.CMTTol \lOLu.Me. ..~elos,·..., t~ «'f'.......
    ~~+«") ~ .fTo..c.h·~ e+ ~LO\A) ':i elc:~tc...(, A.t loCA'h,.·O\A.::l. i&
    hf.-~S 1(,'2.81 - 152.53
    4::":' =0'2.'337
    d" 1ft '1. - h 5 2...., bl.(. '2. - 15'2.5 3 •

    For -the.;ot\-hbl vollJ..Yk.e. ~u.rrou.v..l\~ t~ .'''MID,'''''!. s+~s


    ~ = (h,-"'oz.) + (l-\oj ) Ck'1.- ~'3 ') (2.. )
    'W\I\,
    = ("51.(0 L 8 - 2. 'b~ .:z. ) 1- ( 1- .1."3 '3' ) ('2.,1-1.(. '1 - '20\ S. 3) :. 12.0~. 2. )c.J"/~
    /'w.J.. ~ ~ +lu. pu-Y\Af s
    .
    ""rloM, -=. (h,- hf. ) + (I-~ ) (h.!'- h'f)
    ~ ('1'15.'2.1- '1lD4.81) +(,1"<'3)( 152.53 - 151.53)
    =1'3,\" ,,:r/~
    For +k ~or\t.\"1 -¥-llM,& ro.~'S i",-, t~1'0WJ'" ~ s~~ ~~Ylev(l.i-of'
    Q\V-M I = ~I- 'rl., = 3I.fOI.& - 775.2.1 -:. 2."2.".&' k~/k,
    (oq)

    ;k.u.s) ~ tke.~V\f\~l eUl~I~\\GCj is


    ~-4:.I-M,_~ W,J-Ml :. "'.L1.55
    \J1 ..
    I\.
    G.,,,,,I '"I v T ( lfS.S %

    ..
    ~
    )_ _
    ( ~)

    (b) Tke. ",~t pow-er J.-e.ve1cpeJ. 'l$

    'JJ~..l~ ':. 'M 1 [Wt./~, - Wrl";", 1 (i)

    ["'~J":'\ - Wp/~\]

    ::.
    ( 330')( 10
    3
    tt.'J/s.) I I
    3'-eos
    ('),,01.'2.- li.lr)k<1/~J
    ''''' 4--------__ ~,
    = ~."3 y.,IO~ res/ k.
    WDW/J: S+e~- s+cde ()f-eYa.+\~j dA~ etre rpro\lid.tU1 fOf ~ r~~vevoktve ~ c>f
    PrO~(M 9.'31.
    FIN]): plot +~e -tlAelf~a.{ !f+I(,i<M.~ of ~ ~,,(~ Wv.J.. ~ 'ftJe ot excrq'i o.~s+n.t(.,~
    wifitiA -tl-t<2 -t~e.d.wMer h~-feV' V~VSI.LS f-edw~ heo.tu- r'{es~L.(.t'"~ 'f4\~j -trlMA...
    ([) O.S to (0 ~p~ (s to IDD bav) .
    .sCbfEMMtC. j (j 1\/610 "D &fA : See 'Prc)bl~W\ s. '3 '1
    AsSVMPTl.O~~ ~ See 'olwt~11Y\. -+0 'frc>b~ e.31. rtlso) l-e+ To = 293k.
    ANA-L'lS\S ~ 'The s+aftes "'Y"<.. +-~~ ~ iV\ ~ 'Sow.~ -to fProlol-e-\M 8.37. I='u.(~)
    ~s . (\ ) - (,) frO'M..f l-.A. So Lv.. ~ 10 rpro'b\~ e .3 7 QK.(.. lAse.J .
    ~ r~ ~t eXeKi'j o{~+n~.c.~ tv-. ~ t-CeeAw-oJe-Y ~ev-: c.MA; k obkiL-t~d.
    fyaY\l\ ~ cl ::: To <:T'c.v ) I.JkU e. (['c v IS ~ '('c:l.:k f>~ ~1f'~ ~'("()-~cA"w'>\.. I '" ~ C(M.+rci1
    '\J~ SuK'(~J~j fu kJ.w~ ~~. rW is
    o~~ + ~I [CI-l;1) Ss + 'j 57,- SG.l +- a-c.\I
    OY'" £c{ :: 7;, ~I [s, - j S1. - (1-)') Ss J (s)
    ~-e ea.lc.u.l~: FOOt" r7,. = 1.0 up". =lO ~I ~ee.+£..e solu..~.fo7rDb~ 8"~7. Rrr'L
    ~~~'j destr\A..C~'('a;.fe.
    Eet~ @.'l3 K) (t. '13 o~ ~) [~./'3 87 -(0. '2 337)( ". SS'SS") - (:7b" a)(.5 ZI o)J ~I<
    '1:[

    l kw I
    _
    - b. 0
    ":2 tC'A
    7..1-rXI°'1 k.:rI''" I'al,oo
    l 'h
    s
    II \ ~~J5
    : /. f:J71 k-vJ Xl0
    4

    To ob+o.~1A ~ &.a-~ ~~-e4 ~ ~ plo-rs) w~ \M.e. LI I a.S -Cc lLoc.us ~


    s4 = ssat_Px("WaterISteam", p4, 0)
    ITCode h5s = h4 + v4 * (p5 - p4) * (100)
    s5s = s4
    p1 = 120 II bar v6 = vsat_Px("Water", p6, 0)
    T1 = 520 II °C h6 = hsat_Px('Water", p6, 0)
    p2 = 10 II bar s6 = ssat_Px("WaterISteam", p6, 0)
    p3 = 0.06 /I bar h7s = h6 + v6 * (p7 - p6) * (100)
    p4 = p3
    p5 = p2 o = y * h2s + (1 - y) * h5s - h6
    p6 = p2 Wdott1 = mdot1 * (h1 - h2s)
    p7 = p1 Wdott2 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h2s - h3s)
    Wdotcycle = 330 /I MW Wdotp1 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h5s - h4)
    Wdotp2 = mdot1 * (h7s - h6)
    h1 = h_PT("Steam", p1, T1) Wdotcycle * 10"3 = Wdott1 + Wdotl2 - Wdotp1 - Wdotp2
    s1 = s_PT("Steam", p1, T1) mdot = mdot1 *3600 /I kg/h
    s2s = s1 Qdotin = mdot1 * (h1 - h7s)
    h2s = h_Ps("Water", p2, 52s) Qdotout = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h3s - h4)
    s3s = s2s eta = Wdotcycle * 10"3 I Qdotin
    h3s= h_Ps("Water", p3, s3s) Edotd = To * mdot1 * (s6 - Y * s2s - (1 - y) * s5s)
    h4 = hsat_Px('Water", p4, 0)
    To = 293 II K
    v4 = vsat_Px("Water", p4, 0)
    IT Results for D2 = 1 MPa (10 bar) W = 1.76 x 105 kW
    t1
    h1 = 3401 kJ/kg
    W = 1.577x 10 5kW
    h2s = 2764 kJ/kg t2
    h3s = 2018 kJ/kg W = 211.6 kW
    =
    h4 151 kJ/kg p1
    =
    h5s 152 kJ/kg W = 3422kW
    h6 = 762.5 kJ/kg t2
    =
    h7s 774.9 kJ/kg O. =7.247x 105kW
    51 = 6.555 kJ/kg'K In

    54 = 0.519 kJ/kg'K 11 = 0.4553


    56 = 2.138 kJ/kg·K m = 9.934 x 105 kg/h
    1
    y =0.2338 E = 1.681 x 104kW
    d

    PL.OTS ",
    0.46 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    045 ~..~ ~

    l=" 0.44

    0.43

    /"

    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    pz (bar)

    50000

    40000

    ~
    ~
    30000
    "C
    ·w 20000

    10000

    0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    pz (bar)
    !'-I\)Ol,Ol.): io.'(Q,( R«.",k~&4e. ~c.\~ hO"""tNj +tr.4. SQ.w..e +u.V'b'''. {",\.e.+ '-o~-h~$
    AV\
    ~ c.~e.\,\.ser PY'e~~u.V'~. kv..t \'lO 'fe.fje.N\e,or""if>Y'",,) as ttu. ~c.le Dt
    Prob~M a·?.1 ic C-O'\\.S lcl.et'Y~.
    AV\swe.r tk s~~c ,v..e~h:ol\.S 4.bou.* ~ ,~\. ~c.le G.S ~Se. ~
    ProbkM 'g'.3f· QIn
    SCHEHAT\C. ~ 6rWe.tV O.....T A: p,:: IZO bttK'
    r=~~-~--~I~~52C:L---~
    /

    Condenser Cooling
    l':: _
    water
    4

    .s

    A-\$UMPTlON!l: S~e E)('a.~/e. 8.1 J ClSSumphont t-4


    ANM..'lS\~~ U~l'tt., aoppYopr,·tI..+e. da.+", fyoY"\ #..e. SoLu:h.~ ok> Probl.e.p\ ~.3 T
    h,-::.3401.!. k:rlk~) s,':. (g.5S5S k:rI~.K
    h2. = 20\8.3 ,,:rIle, \I\~ ':. /51.53 ~.:rl~
    S f'Q,:ie, &f: h &f "" Itt 3 + 1.1"3 'f'&( - P.,
    :r
    '\ I
    =151.'53 ~ or (l.oOC.CiXlO- 3 'r!!!)
    ~ (I'2.0-.ot..)bM's rI OS1 t/Wl4'J.11 'kT
    a¥' "b3 N'M

    =15/.53 i- 12.0'7 :: "3.(" k-Tlk,


    (tA) f=or flu. fu,rbl~e
    W"=/-iA:: h,- '-' 1. ~ '3QOI.8 - 20'8.~ '::. 1383.s kJ'"lk,

    A ~tl J ~ +f.u. (> lA."""f


    Wp/~ ':. \''i-~3 -=-12.0, k:rlk~
    For fu ~oY'\c.\"'J -tlu.LPl tyc.e..ss i ~ t~V"o~~ ~t-u..'M ~ e.'Ae~
    +Wl.
    ~\\I\l-M -e, h, - h't ':. 31(01.8 - U,3." -:. 32.38. 2. k~ lie.,
    11uJ..\, ~ .~e.V'~ \ e +He. i e41\~ LS
    ' "':. W.f:/-M, ~ I~pl-M :. 0.4-2.1f (412..'10/0)_
    Q\&4 M t---------------
    .......

    (.b) ,h.~ V\e.t fowe-r d.evele(> e.!. LS

    W~t.\e ::. ~ f. W.f./~ - Wp/~1


    ::'(lo·~)/·
    n
    ,'" It\083.'S-'2..0(1~1
    .'afpOO S
    'MW 1=-381
    '<~i L03 k~/s
    J..\W WC:lj&Wt
    .......- - -

    T"'-e. l",+ro~t"'o", of +k.Q. oJOe.., feedc..vAfer heA.+-er- ;t1fu +'- cycle.. tJf
    ?~(.- 8·'31 refu.\"ts. ~ "'" i~ueAK ~ ;-~.,~ ~·U..eIl,\('1 0."'0
    D... c:lecve~ \.0. ~ l<\A.r r-o\AXU de veLop~cL
    r~00LeM K.4()

    l<NQWA1: v(.
    The. f£~~vte.ra:h . vapor power- e.t.;jc(e of Problem f. ~7- is reconsidered.
    FIND: In vesf-t9tHe tlte ef.kcf:s em. U;1c{e perfofttUH,Ce. itS fk~ feed.walte". hetUev-
    p(~,ru.r-e. to.kes CH\ o/-ket'" v~ru~. UntS1rtA.ct t;u.ifecble pEofs fAJt.d dCow$S.
    COr\5Ide,r tltJ.e ~ck. for" w~\ck ,:-eu:1t. o-{l- +v.x-bJv.e..
    f1..\.tZ. sk~e.s CVN:i. f\.....a..
    P\A"""P lttave.1-SW-1rV p t G ef+'O-evtcles Ie->s tlA.4M lA.lA-t+y.
    SCff6MATI, i G kVGN 'PArA:: See solu..+u)1A. -tD "robl~M 8. 3':fi •
    .d$suMPnONS: S.ee E)(~rwple 8,S J «t\d \Itt-I ~ l1'h -: tire::: Y),~ = 804'/~.
    AN.4LYSIS t. The ftrfofmC4.~ce. of #te. Ct..fde. is l;""ve.sf,5a.4ecl h!j determi~I',tJ9
    +t-.e. eM'ec,fs Oyt'ffie.rMt4 I e+fic;eI4Ctj of V~~I'''j ~Il. feerJ.'Wtxfer hwer p~ssu~.

    5
    To ObhLLlIt tfA~ &..a..k %Y #-e- (~VeJ ~ofsJ we. use I T, as .follows
    IT Code h4 = h5at_Px('Water", p4, 0)
    v4 = v5aCPx("Water", p4, 0)
    p1 = 120 II bar
    54 = 55at_Px("WaterISteam", p4, 0)
    T1 = 520 urc h55 = h4 + v4 * (p5 - p4) * (100)
    p2 = 10 II bar
    h5 = h4 + (h55 - h4) I etap1
    p3 = 0.06 II bar
    555 = 54
    p4 = p3
    55 = 5_Ph("WaterISteam", p5, h5)
    p5 = p2
    v6 = v5at_Px("Water", p6, 0)
    p6 = p2
    h6 = h5at_Px('Water", p6, 0)
    p7 = p1
    56 = 55at_Px("WaterISteam", p6, 0)
    Wdotcycle = 330 II MW
    h75 = h6 + v6 * (p7 - p6) * (100)
    etat1 = .8
    h7 = h6 + (h75 - h6) I etap2
    etat2 = .8
    etap1 = .8
    0= y * h2 + (1 - y) * h5 - h6
    etap2 = .8
    Wdott1 = mdot1 * (h1 - h2)
    h1 = h_PT("Steam", p1, T1)
    Wdott2 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h2 - h3)
    51 = 5_PT("Steam", p1, T1)
    Wdotp1 = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h5 - h4)
    525 = 51
    Wdotp2 = mdot1 * (h7 - h6)
    h25 = h_P5("Water", p2,
    Wdotcycle * 101\3 = Wdott1 + Wdott2 - Wdotp1 - Wdotp2
    525)
    Qdotin = mdot1 * (h1 - h7)
    h2 = h1 - etat1 * (h1 - h25)
    Qdotout = mdot1 * (1 - y) * (h3 - h4)
    52 = 5_Ph("WaterISteam",
    eta = Wdotcycle * 101\3 I Qdotin
    p2, h2)
    mdot = mdot1 *3600
    535 = 52
    h35= h_P5("Water", p3, 535)
    ...
    Edotd = To * mdot1 * (56 - Y * 52 - (1 - y) * 55)
    h3 = h2 - etat2 * (h2 - h35)
    To = 293
    IT Results for D2 = 1.0 MPa (10 bar)
    h 1 = 3401 kJ/kg
    h2 = 2891 kJ/kg y = 0.2228
    h2s = 2764 kJ/kg Ed =2.07 x 10 4
    kW
    h3 = 2259 kJ/kg
    h3s = 2101 kJ/kg Vv
    p1
    =325.7 kW
    h4 = 151 kJ/kg
    h5 = 152.3 kJ/kg Vv = 5194 kW
    p2
    h5s = 152 kJ/kg
    h6 = 762.5 kJ/kg Vv =1.71x10 5kW
    t1
    h7 = 778 kJ/kg
    h7s = 774.9 kJ/kg Vv = 1.646 X 105 kW
    t2
    51 = 6.555 kJ/kg'K
    m = 1.206 x 106 kg/h
    52 = 6.824 kJ/kg'K 1
    54 = 0.519 kJ/kg'K Q. = 8.791x 105 kW
    55 = 0.5231 kJ/kg'K In
    56 = 2.138 kJ/kg'K YJ =0.375

    0.38 70000

    0.37 60000

    50000
    0.36
    ~
    ~
    40000
    ~ 0.35
    "'C
    ·w 30000
    0.34
    20000
    0.33 10000

    0.32 0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (bar) P2 (bar)

    1000

    f
    ~
    800
    (l)
    .....
    ......
    (II
    600
    .2?
    VI ---+E- net power (MN)
    C
    ---+- heat in (WW)
    ~
    ..... 400 ---B---- heat rejected (\111M)
    >.
    ...
    0> ----t:s- First stage turbine power (MN)
    (l) ---fl.-- Second stage turbine power (MN)
    c
    iu 200

    0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (bar)
    s .
    W'I
    MSUMpTLONS: Sd-me e.s ~Mf'lc a.s )exceptth&.t-the +~\"'bl I'\e. staj~
    0PUQ..ie. irt Q.IA. i"'+Ull\At~ rcve~H"e. ~"","e.r.

    ANA1.'YSlS: FIrst J +lX eQ,ck o~ t\.\e YY"\~c.\pc:..\ :>~*,et. F-ro'M tw!. SOlU.+l~ to
    Prob\~f'I\ 8.<t:, hI: l$tf7.1Mv.. Jl 'o ) s , ': {,<P)IS" 6k\/ll..oR) h ': C}U.L6k\/lb .. (..\.VW(
    3
    h't .. ~:tl.f 8~/tb.
    sta+~2.: h",oOIbJ.lti..~JS'&=~1 ~ 1,7.=I~IO,7!kt.llb (n."'eA-Cu~)
    Sftc.:fe 6": hs ~ h4 + 7f., 'Ps -f., )
    ". M.1Cf ~ i- (.OI""Y ~JI'~~~~1177~ 8:: 11,., " (10 0 - ,J ~
    :: "fi.71f +- .2i" :. '70.0lf B~/U~
    =
    ,SfgJe ,,: f,::: /00 Ib+/I'~"': .I $o.t. I;f'u'~ =;> h" 2'1B.& 8kA/lf:,
    Sff<.I-~ '1: h 7 "" ttl. +-v~ CP7- P" )
    + (.OI77y)I~;~ 1(((,00 - too) =101. $'" ~~IIj.
    ". 2'f8.("
    App~ i.~ eV\e.V','j a.~ ~Q.U Y'~ bal(l\lc.es. W +~e. tc:M.-h-ol \Jo\l.'.~e C!.",c.lcs~1Nj +k
    op.eV\ heQ..ter} the k6..eno)\.. ~ 0+ +Low ex+rr.tt...+eJ. at It)CA'ho-.... 2. ;S
    h,,- hs- ,-1B.(, - '1o.olf u
    u =:. :: 0.1.00 ~l
    d" \-t"J.-~s l1.oli.2. - ;0.0'+
    (~) To ~~ierM~""c. -tWt "'cd:. ~O\iJe-v- c:;J.ev4lopfU( bid ~ ~ctct) b'E'~i.~ wi.",", <L..
    ~h-01 "0\\A,,WJI.. G\.Y'Ou.~ tw. ;u,,\o\\.\-e.
    w~, : n'l- ~'I.) + (l-~ h.- ~'3 )
    )(
    = «(Sl.(1.1-l'2IO,7)+(I-O.1.0 01f) ( 11. 1O.1 - Qll.1..) -::'51~.4.~ ~~((b
    Po,. +It. ,~w..ps
    ~ ~ (h"7-~f.) + (I-U)(hS-\t'f)
    'tV\ I d'

    ~SJ
    =c-~OJ.S - :1.C\8.b) t(I-~.1.ool()(1D.O't-"'l.1Y) ~5.1t{ efq/lb
    wi~ ~I ~ 1·\# ){IO" 1I,/k (fr~br.e~ 8.Q)
    ~U;tt\e. =- \N\ \ 1: \iJ~t ~l - Wf>( ~,1= '1.14 ~ 10" ~) (SlC"l.{Cl-S".lli 1~ ~ ROOY.IOS
    rr
    We t.lt

    s-ee
    (b1 The ~eV'~l e Ute. i~\I\(~ is
    . .
    V\.. '::: W ~c.le W UO~l'Q
    :&

    Q.~li\ -M, ( h,- ~ -,)


    ': (~,OO)<.lO~) _ 0)
    (1.<{,{IOC#)(IS(n.1-~o1.$") -O,<.{sq l4S.Q % ca "-
    (el The -k'o.c.hcM. 0+ +"""
    How w\, ~A.i" rCL~e.s. ~ro"1h. -\-Wt (.o~e.v' is
    (1- ~) : O.lqQ~. Th-u..s) f'kA. Y\U.~ -/-tow rr....te. e-P (.O()'\~ wQ.ter Ul\o'\ \)e
    d4~~\",~~ frOV\'\
    .0:: (1- 'a) Wt, ( I., 3 - ltt,,) .,. Wt "'" (lttCWII~ - he"" 10l.Lt )
    ~ • (J-~) h1,Lk,-I.t,,)
    \'\'\ e.w -:. ~-------
    ((,c.w.ou,:t - kC.W,l", \

    w;~ h,,,," k.f (T) ~P\ TtA.fo(€,A- 2.£

    _ (.lQQ Co )( L.'I x to'" Ihl,,) etlll.1. - "q." If ) 6~J 1&


    rile.tA1
    (lIB.oct - ~8,o8 )6,*"11"
    ': Y.11 xio '1lb/~ cq 'M'w
    "DIS cuss.' UI-l ~ (l) S,~ ce so~e. ~,.~ i.s. elCh-C/.C.tee( ~ +kL 1uK(')\~~) ~ ,ower
    e(.e,,~lop~ .'" fu ~cJ..ltle~ ~c.f< is ,~u +MIA...for tka. <{Ide of. Pl'Oble~ 8.&1.
    (2.) ;he. r~te t'~ heAt h~f~ +0 +k. wwb·., +'lu..i4! I'''ss j~ tfM'o~ +k.c.
    ~get\e-rtl~,... is lec~ .for .~ MC'c4.(:,iet ~e(e. d..tul. to "-e,eVl~m+~ ,i-t ~
    "Petit keJ. c.oo.:kr h~. ::r101 -tfA'c.s e.t.lSe. oJ -Huz.. +tv~-r~ -1ftc.t'ek "1 i.s e
    '·"1C..t"-w.se.4 ttut 1t9 r~t-\1e.mt~. (3) XIo1 oflAL m~'~leeC ~c.feJ I~s Wla.~
    ~ wO'Yk.,,'"5 fttA.id ~A$t;e1 +f,w-o~k. ~ ~,er J l.e().(:{.llAj +0 e, red.w:~J
    ~ €e~ .fer CC>c' ll·~ wo.fe¥o ·
    kN()W~ : Th~ '4'~~eAI\eVt).1We. ff)we.y- ~c..le. of Pt"'obk.W\ 8.4-/ is Yh$cli~te~ -10 i... e(lA.~(,
    #1.0..+ eo.ch ;"I,vro\",e. s~e ~s It'" efKc.ie\\~ of 880{0 a.~ l!~ ptA.""f h4.t
    Q.V\ eP.tt·c.ie"c.~ of 80°/e ,
    .E.1.W2.: Answ~ r fhe. Sa.me llA.uHoY\s .fer' ~ ~l',,:,'ee( c.~c.le.. AS j", ProbleW\ 8.4/
    ~CCfs,MTlc. f <:r\V6#,) DATA: ~l ,.,.l.4. xlob IItJ'" • U _ l
    I> '" ltloo II.,J~",2: ~
    r,:------'1!r. ~(1)--{> ~
    1'I.='1100°f"
    •
    I Steam
    1 generator I rr - - - I

    l tooOF' G~II\ I
    "',.,.-,'// I
    T I
    I
    I
    I I
    l!: ~

    Condenser..-o '"'
    /-
    , rr-- --11

    r
    I.
    SAf.II~1 I (1 - y) I
    (I) /00 '1.#.....1 Open I <J-- \
    feedwater \;
    7 6 1 healer I 5 "
    I I
    l' !J

    s ~ '"~ 1;->:' "\h .80 :0-'

    P~ Pump 2 W Pump 1
    fl
    A?SU MPTloNS: ,sa.m. (1$ A-ob/-e.~ 8.4-1 el'eepr tztl· "'tz '=. 98 c:wA l1.p , .
    I ~"'a· 0.80.

    JrNA-WSlS\ FroY"'\ Pl'Cpl~_e.41) hl -= lS41.1 8k.A.lfb J s , .. (r(i~I$'"8tI¥,VI2.J h't"'(,.~''''18''''U.J


    ~d he. ... 2.418.(" tOfv.llb.
    Stedc. "': Lbe t~ fur"I;'C slta.,c eU.ic.ie ... ~. FWs"'.JP.~:. 100 l~f(l"Z. 0I.1.I..c( Sll.~ "'S, j
    hoz.~ -e, I':UO.l ,?\U..llb (Prob\."" 8.41) ~
    ~, ~ ~tJl W: So tl-~'30 ~ \tho ~ \1,- ~b( h,- h-as) = lJ.51.l 8WJlL>
    W"'I/~)s ,- oz.$
    Fro"" T~~kA-I.tE.) S2" : /.(,lg l.f ~/l'o •
    .ste4e.'3~ 'SiM'd~\"\':1) p.,,=/ IWlth~ ):5u :s&, =t> X 3 $ :O/~11~ )lot3s=Cr~7.S'l.6kv'lb.
    ;1..t.u..s h" = noz. -lth.C. hoz.- ""H) :: q1S.l~ 6\ou.I\'o
    Sm'k S~ S~e 5 is c(e-kY'~\iAe,,( \.lSLIAS ;t.L ~""~ e~'c.ielo\Cc1. n-oW\ r.. o.b/eM 8.4·1
    '-'6S =10.0't ~~/\~. ,'N.u
    V\.r''= ~~P"W: ~s ':. ~S-:'t =t> hs ':. I.t't+ C\.tss-hlf)/h p e 7E>.llS ekl/(h
    \tJ p. I'M. S - '+ '
    state , ~ ~;h~ i\4.r~ J h 'ls ~ 301.5'" 0kA./lb CM.wl. h, =hf.> + (h·u - "''' )/ltl" 1

    :: 3/)"1.7 6.Ju./lla
    The ~h.o~ 'j ot- +~ tv-rbi ... e .q.lo"" e~h(.'k»cA o.t- IOCD..t~;l. is
    = \1"-\"5 ': 2~8." -1o.n5 ::.O,IQ3S'"
    ~ ""-a.- \lIS l1.5'I.1 - 10.llS
    (dl ,.~ r- ..fk +u.t- hi kC.s
    W-t!w", :(hl-"'z) t(I-~)(Lt~-~3)
    :: (1$41.1- \25'1.1)+ «( - 0, (q~~)( I'tS I. I 41$. IS) -::. 5"( 9.1':) B-k.\/l b
    a,wJ- f{u. pu.~s
    Wp /.;".,. ':. (1.1 7 - ~'" ) -c I-~){ Lt!5 - kif)
    :: l'~O't.1.2ct,.,,\.(L-.((BS")('l0.lIS-''t.''If)': ~4D'Z.. ~ftA,((b
    8'-'7()
    P~06c..eM 8.4-'2. (Cot1-fd.)

    T£w.s
    W~c.l~ :: ~, (W-4:.I~, -Wp/~ll
    = (t~q )((0(0 ~)[ 5Ilf,I'5 -(q.<iO-z.] ,*:: l.(g 1(fO
    e 81«/tt ..
    (b) The ~(~A.( €4LcielAetj i~
    It = W~c.Ie ... 1,lg x,os 6k../k
    ~ ( h ,-ltt '7 ) u. &f }( 10" lblk) ( 1$'(1.1 - 30 ((,7 ) ~kVlb

    = O,t.{ 11 (41.3 %) ... 1t


    ¢) The. mA"s -flow rwfe c.-t C.CO(I·"';9 wo..~1" PttS~I'1V1 -tll\f'olA.'~ +~e. ,oh.J.e~e,.. i.s

    ~c.w
    = (/-~) ~J (h3- h", )
    =
    (I-./Cl35")(I.'1XIO(")Cct7S.JS"-,,.7Cf)
    --~~-------~
    hc.w,o"'1 - k'''''.lk (lIS.o' - ~B.oB)

    ::: S.l( XIO 7 lbl h.....~~ =

    0-'1/
    P~00LEM cB.43

    IsNOWIJ: Th~ ideaf RaMk,i-te ~e(e ef- frDbloem 8.b is modcf.tee{ st.rpet"- -k> ,,,,clMd~
    btea.teJ. V'!fJ~r en+e~,;.q +Lee. .(.~rs+ tu~bli-se. ~e. ~ net One <'feYt fqe.J.wOJler
    heater. Sak,vaJrul. I ijutet (.r; i'is fl.te. fe.eJ.wevfe.,. heAter 4~d o#.er' d.a.te;...
    are. k.JIlOwn.
    Defeoni'ne -!or -Ike W)~d£fICd ~de (aJ -fke VIer work.. per ~ e,f .sk.rA...
    flow eKWtI~1 t(,A -ff,rst .f.t.uV,;"e. s~ J <.bJ +k.e tke"1\(~( effic.ieu~J aM
    (e) tl1.e, ~eo:f -ftut\sf'ef'" 10 CODII~~ w~te.~;11\ ~CAin.J.euser per ef k3
    Sfe().M flow el1.+e.YI~' #vl. -?t:r,t.J:t..ubi",e s~.
    5C~GMMlC. $ {jot V~1J D411t:
    I rr------ll
    I Steam I
    I generator I

    I
    I
    I
    I
    I I
    l.!: ::'J

    .
    5 W
    f''J,.
    '-:::/
    Pump 2
    Wp
    I
    '-:::/
    Pump 1

    A>SUMenQfJ:>~ S~rne tiS £)(ArtAople. 8S) e~ce.p/-li.(. /-u,.b,Me.. ..s~e~ oftra.k. iv. ~""­
    .i-l+e.("~'l~ r.elfeYS·lbfe ~",,,,e,..
    AN!rv\{SI5: FIrst) f;x et).(,lt of fl-re. py,'~c,i 1'(,( J skt1es.
    Sfa.fe l: P," /fJt\tfPc.. =IBo kGllt" T, =-SbOOC *
    ~ =344,C{. II k:J/lcj J 5, :(, .4392 1c'J"1I~.K.
    I

    5irde- z.: f'2.:' I rtfo. :: 10 t-eAIY J s~ =s I ~ X~ =o.q(, 7 J h 7. ::. ~ 7 If.fI 1c.:T lic,

    Sfah.3: P3:::."!r.P4 :'b.D~"ew:,5~::L~ ~ X3~O.7S18.J ""3 =/982.3 kS"lIc,


    StaiQ, If: Pet::' ().D" ~~~ sa.f.li~ C4id =I> k't = /51.53 !:J"I'-q J v;., :.1.DOC,C/XI03 '(I!aJ/t:,
    .shde S.: hS ~ t. 't .... vv. CPs -Pt.t)
    3 ~3 1/oSN,rn2.11 (k'J I
    :. / Sl.S3 t- (I. O!)(,\{lC(() '''1) (10 - o,o~) ba-r 11",4..... lO~W'''''' i

    =. IS J• S ~ + /.00 :. / S 2..5 2> k:.:r l ~


    ss». I i~tti()( =t> J-t" :. 1fo2.61 1oT1~ I V4, = 1./27311./0 VJI'~/~
    3
    .5mfew: p&. :. /0 bars J

    Sfq:fe1 : ~ :. Pt =18o~cw
    t..., ~ ~"t- 'trc. (P7- P,, ) =(1h2.S') Hl.lZll)W)')(90-to ) [ice] :. iSf.'t71c;r1~
    (a.) First, applA.t Ii.,., V\\.QC;;S tUo\cL e\1e~~ rede hc<bnces to ~e c.cm;fyol VO{UrMe. ekclosI.,
    i't-1e ~e~ £'\e~:fe.r. #Ie. frAc.tuM l;j et fww e1(fy~+etl. at 2 is
    h b - hs 162.81 -15'2.5.3
    u ::.:. :: 0:2. 385
    (J h'Zo.. h S "1'L~-t5'2..~3
    The. ~ WOyk. cteve,(~p~J ~CJ i"'-a. fuAbl'" e per lAki. t "YV\tA.~S flow el.1.kV""j
    I

    tite first tu.y~l""e. s~e. is


    PR06<£M B. '(3 CCO'ltt'& )
    .
    w+./~ ~ (h.- hz.) + (J~lj) (J,2.-"'~)
    I
    :. ('54~1{.'-{- 27(1.(0) f- (O.7fQfS) (Z711 •• - ,QS2.3)

    -:. 12€>8. 2. ~~ (~
    5, ~j I o.d'j)fer -#te 'PtA.~S
    Wplw. , : (I-~) (/'5 -t-rl.() + ( h 7 - h,,)
    =(D. 7"15)(152..'53 -15/.53) f-(7f,/.Q7 -1/'2..8/)
    = /<1 /12. '&.\f I bj
    7hMs, -#te. tle.f W()Y-". ic
    . "
    W~~l~ : ~-t _ ~ :. l2.hS.5 ~\l" / b ... --:...-
    Y\-'\ I "'" \ W\ \ •~

    Cb) for fk~ LVorlt..Yt9 ftuie.t fCtssl1N3 ~roWjk #te ~+.etArn [jelltera.'ft,r
    ~ :: h,- k1 -::. 3444.'(-'761.'1, -::.).(,ftJ2.4 !:.J/lc.j
    •
    n.US J thQ fltlerV"\A.l e«-ic..;e"clj is
    'l ~
    WUod,c-lQ./Mt ::. IZl98.3 ::. 0.47" (L(7.".o~)~4!f- ~
    Q;".{ M. )."" i »
    Ce) Fo,. tke. wark., Y1~ -?(tA.it( fCLSS' "'J +lArolA.JlA i-t...e. (DndeV\S~r
    .
    G.~u.r ~ (I - ~ ) ( h3 - I., ~ )
    rna
    = (O.76/S)(ltiSZ,3-'S/!S3)
    = 13Qtl.1 kJ"II~4Ci4----------------

    ~-73
    PRo6c.EPt 8. +4 .

    KNOWN: Th(J,r~!le(leV'aftj,e V'-P()r 'power~de sf Frohlem 8.'13 ;,s modttJ~-lo


    ,.~ du.tle ~ (O..ClA ft,vn,'IllQ. 6~~ GlM f/.l.~ ~a.s A"" Isel1:lr-epiG
    eftie j t.1I\c.Cj of B5-/0.
    . T I
    FIND: See Se'l.(,t(.~ -10 Problem B. ~3'.
    SC~LC t (;,velJ PM2\::

    6SfllJMPTlOA!S: Same as f=><:(),W\.I'Ie. 8.5.1 e xcep-t


    It.,., ... n~1. -::. Yip, = It PI. : O.SS.
    S
    AN4L.VSIS: First, ~(X. eocl« "f fl-te. priv.cipAI sft;c:les.Frvrn Proble,.,. 8.'1.3) h,=- 34'1'1.1( kJ/y,
    s,:6.«f3'iz.Ic"Jlte..,·I~, ~4 ::.lS/.S3 Ic.TIIC4J) AMd h" :lb2.6Ikj/~.
    state. 2: (jSI~~ +he -kt.... IoI~e ef{.,Gt~lIt~ J 1\t-. ::. l"I-~z.)/(k,-ku). Wi{.f,.. ~zs: 2.'U.~ k:TlJc,
    ~ Prob\eV\l\ S.\(3
    ~"L-::.It\, -
    \t\i,(hl-h-zS) :. ~8A1.5 lc'J"f{Cj
    l""+er~olat&~~ \l'\ TA~I.e, It-Ii J ~~ = 0.& 8o( k~"~ ·1<
    st¢1e. 3 ~ Sl~ i' 4.""~ P.J -: D. 0(0 ~I 5 3$ =5z. =9 X 3 S =' 0.7887 )
    I I-a as =-.2oS7. 0 J,a:rfJc,
    T~s~ h 3 : ~1.- n-t:'t.(k'Z.-~u):'2J71.7 ~\J'/~.
    Skit. S: US'h~ +ke. p~rwp el!+iC.;~hCA.:1' y)f)/ =( h S"s - h &I) /c hs -h'i)' PrOM I'robf.e""
    6.Lf3; hS s :=' J52.S.i L:J"/te..,. rkus
    h s =h" +(hs :r -
    "' '1 )/ k p, : / 5 2 . 7 Ictrllc,
    Sta.fe 1: Q~j Ia.rly J wifl.1 h, S : 7!J 1.97 lcJ"/~ fr""'J ProJ,{-e1M. 3.C/3
    ~'7 = h, ~ (f",s - "',,)/ ~~ =. 'lrs.'1 IJ/~
    (~) U"ci1j -I-lAe mo~f t.eJ d.~ .
    ~ = o. Z2S' ~ VV4: I ~t : 111.'1. 2. 1c'S/~ ) ~p Iw.., ~ :2 3.4 9 fc;TJ~

    W~.'le : 1100.7 k.;r1l~44-_ _-----------~~


    ___
    Me
    (b) Q.\lA{~\ ='2"S~ £J{~ D.M.J...l'(, :.0.414 (Ii/,,/ 0!t.).. }L
    CD (C-) Q~ / oM I -:. IS 58.3 kJ/~.., GfJuJ-IWt.
    .. COm-P.CLrtV.q these- res..M.ts w;.,.,1t, thOSfl.. ef ProbleM 8.</.3 itltJ..iades
    ~t4:t . ~"li.te A.W::l (j~ ir-r"(yers-'-hi Ufi:s affect ~e... net work. of fk9:. CA;1de.
    5Iq~'tk.JL~11~) +h~re"'1 CA.t<...slkj ~ St,.'ufiu"-t drop ,'" ~t.(MCt( effLc./ev.lj'
    PRO\3L'EM 8.4-5

    Jc:;.t-.!OWtJ: The. 'io\~l Ro.vdc.i.... e c.~cl~ 0+ PYobkIM 8,2. is 'Moc:f.itlee;( -to iV\cll.\&e Oke
    clesea ~e& wcdev V\et\.+er Gfero..t\ ~ Q..t 0.1 Ma . Thq c.o~e~trle.fvo""
    -t~e hefA.-t~t'" is tnrpeJ \V\\-O ~e co\\Jel.\.ser.
    ~: AV\.swe~ tiA(. so..W\~ ,u.es.+l.o\\S a.~\.l-t +ke -MC)cXl~l~ c!:Jc/e as 111
    Probl-em 8.2 (XI\.A discuss
    1
    tk~ r~~(,L.(1s,

    SCltEAAT1G • 6[\ \lEN J>.o6tTI'\:

    Trap
    s 7 ,~ 8

    (Y)--{> ' -

    AsSOMPTtOfJS: (I) ea.c.lA lOn\.poneld is Q.Y\Q.IIJ7:eJ at 4. ~fn:,J \foLu.tke,q,f steQ.ety


    s-ht.e. (z) All proc-e~ses of +k l.VOYlc.\~j ku..U:t A.ye \I'\+er~lly ~I/evslb'~ J eJCc..ept
    for tiM. e¥:('Q.M.si~ tk(O~~ ttte
    ftA.ro1tI,~~ ve lve (a. -\'\owot\ llV\.j process) o..\\.~
    i\.\ t\...Q. c.los~cA .(-~eJwo-tef' ~eq,teV".(3) T~e. +u..-~t",e~) P\A~J~1Lc! feeJWA.t~,. he"t~lf
    O1'e~e (1d.((t~a.h",(" ~ ttl K\"'e+lc. o..~t:l lPot~~ii(1..1 e~e¥'.9CJ effe~k (l(e nejIi3i~tc.
    (5) Co\'\Gl-e\l\StA.~e e,,°l.ts :tkct e,\o~ ~~ as: sa.~e& l i\\.\.U( cd ., loaNs oM.c.{ -tWz.
    ~e.r CA.$ sec..~e& 1i \ u.Li cd 0 ,()~ \oQ,vs,
    ANAV:{Sl~: f~\-st)+l)c eACu'ef +ke frl.l.\(,Lp()l.( s~tes, FroO'\ t\te ~o\u.t\.0\0\.1-o
    'Pro'o\e~ 8.'1.) h, = ~348.l.i k::r/~ .Is,: b.b58'=- \J/~,~, ~3: ~082.Cf k.J'lkj )
    ~4: \13,~8 "~I~) ~ ~5 :: l6L't\f \c:rllCAj,
    S±a..!e. 2.', 'P'L= 1 bM"·) 'z.:.S\ ~ )('2.= .'l8CfS ) h,,= Zi41.8 k:J"'/l~
    ~je fo: ,,,: Ts~ (/!>'7 "CCt" ::. ((05 °C) r"
    =80 hct.r ~ from T4"'e. A-S
    h (p 'Z 701... ~::r Ik.g (" c{ou.Cole i nreypola.tlOlo\.)
    cSWe 7: 'P, =7 ba.r.~ Ga.t. I i~kt°e( -=t> h'7 ::. ~2 kr/lc, ,,'t,.
    sfa-k e: "'111rottll~~ process =t> ~8" k.., :: iPtt7:Z.2. Ic.~lk~
    A-fP~ l~ ~~ ..s CI.",-ck.. eV\eV','i ro.te loc.c.l~kC:CS 10 ~ c...tos-e& ,feeJwtd-er hea.ter,
    +~e ~C+L(n\ ef ~low ~ ~rlYn.d-eet cc-t 2- is
    h" - ~s '102 - ISl."ll.{
    ~: "''1.-~1:' z.-r"il.&-b"l1.'Z.'2. = o.Z.S4't
    @-) TO ~\"'~ -the. ~e,,* trAttster Ylcle. Q\~) 'l+ \5 -t-\rst ",e(.essa,vIj ok> a-eteV'M\"e
    -tlt\e. mQ.SS ~Lc>w VCA.ie 'M \' To d.o so) b~~ ,,\;\. W'\i'lA.,

    \NJ \
    e, ( \ " \- '" 1.) + (l-~) ( ~ 1.- ~ '5\
    I~serH~.9 "o.tu.es

    ~I :. (o3'(tB.'t - 1."'letl.S) + (1- .'2.$~'l )( .2'l'iI. 8 - 2082.') = 100(7. t:t 1cJ"1l"

    S\M\ \Q.r~

    ~
    lV\,
    ~ ~S-~'t:' \~\.D(4-\i3.~S ':. g.~~ ~r/k.q-s
    ~Ow J w'\+",-
    ~ ~c:.l~ ::. ~ 1 l W~/w..1 - Wp/v\A\ J
    l::~e m4.c;.s flow rate ~, \5
    , ( I Co Xl 0 3 ~W ) I k~/s
    '(V\, ::. • /,
    (1011." - 8.0e-) k:r/~ I \:W
    ~S, ~ ~t -httlA.s.(:e.y n:d~ G..\~ is
    G\'", ~ --M l (~I- ~b) ==~I.~(, ~
    S
    )(33\t8.«t -702.)'t! I~
    ..., I lcj1S1
    ::. Zlf3 Xl0 3 kw""'-a.-- ----:=
    (b) The. +Ltev~\ et-t-Cc.ie~CAj ts
    100 Xl03 k,w
    ~: 2. "13.",03 k.W :: O. If I 2 (4 \.2. °/0 )""'l.;a~------------::..
    (Co) For -+~e l..O'W1eMSer) ~C!. W\.4.SS t.l~ e",erj~ r~ ~(,,"cez.s r~cMtce +0
    0.: -rn, L(l-~) h3 + 'j. l-,e - h't ] + ~'W (h'w)i... - hCVlaOlo.t)

    St>\"l~ .fo...- +t,vz. c.ooh~~ WMer f(.ow ~e


    -M 1 l (l-~) "" ~
    'Mc.w:.-----.,;.-=---=------:~---=---=----=--
    + ~ h8 - ~ 'f J

    w ·\·H~ \-lew 1l:. ~~ CT) .frOM \a.lo\«- A.-2-

    ,
    '(V\ ~
    ~\.,,, ~ )(3bOO~) L<.,'tSfo) (2.o82,.t:t) +<.7.s4'4)(~q1.t2.)- 113.88'
    ~ 8
    ~:r
    c.w ( Itt<D.bS - lo2.'\~ ) k:;l'"7~
    ': (o.l"\"t'l<lO" \c..:)'l1 , ~e.w
    D"OOf$iCM.' (I) "~e. V\~t wo('lL ~r l.l\\.~t 'M,k~S .ew\-er\~ t~ t-lvst +utbl~~ is
    less ~ ... ~~ l'\'Iod..it ie~ c.~c.l-e 1'kQ.\I\ ~ -{-k( ideo.\ Cl.ic.k.. '~s.) -toY' +~ ~1\\e
    Y\(.t ~wet 0 t.l~v.;~)
    mor€. MJ.t..~S Y\'\.lA.St flow +\Y-oW}~ ~ ~M ~~~e~r.
    (z. ) Tke 'ro.*e C)~ heAt \\\.p \A.t 10 ~e wc)"lc.' ~ ~~uAd. ~A. ~S\ "'1 +\'\rov..,h the sfe.,,\\\
    ~~",e"o.*o~ is less ~ -\-Wi 'MOd.lHed ~e(e IOec~~~e ~~ r~eV\eV'~+to", i\l'\ +l4e
    c.\oseJ. ~e.J.u.)4~.-t~r "'CDl+er. As ~ r-esv..l t I i'ke. ~~nw~\ e ~lc.\e\A~ is lVlcrea.seJ..
    c..~) ,1Ae. ro*~ 0+ he~.:t '('-eje.q.~Ol\ -lo c.ooli\l\~ wo.:ker ls len fo,. ~ ~ocllfie.e(
    ~ c\e. ) \ e.tul\ ~ ok> CA... S vv.A Her coo l ~ ~ W~etT' +-tow ro*e I
    KNOWN: The reqe.vtero. f. ve. v~por powev'" cycle. of Pd,lem B.lts" is recoJ'tsidereJ.
    fiND: Ivavesfiga:fe. -Hte eUec-b <:>n f"!'vforma.nce. tlS' extraciio»; rresJu~ ~Ites:
    oVlo+her va.~ues. C!.on.struc..r s,!-ifabf.e. pLo~ a",d discuss, Consider
    both reverscble tHld Irrevers,-ble operttfloY\. ()/- fltle fuY/oIVle .s~es
    aM fCA-nAf.
    $ScHEMATiC. $ GrIVEAJ DkTA: See: .solufLDl;\ +0 'Problem B.lIS.
    ASSUMPTiONS: See solu'i-Lol1 10 ProbleM 8.'1S'. A-lso) Viti ::IVlez.:a ~p:: 80% for
    the second pa rot.
    ANALVSIS: The performa. .... ee is iYJ\le~f-t9fed b~ de-iermiYl,Vs!J +t,e, eftecfs 0\1
    -H-terma I e.f+;c;eJ1.~ of VO,Yfjil19 +he feedwa:fe(' hettkr e)(fni'e.fiok Pt?~$urrz.
    I
    490 Dc
    Froo« ft1e. T-s dl(M3Y'A.M} W~ see fk(,c,f "I
    5rn;fe (pI moves hiqnef" (;l' tk.e e.:lCh--ad-,OYl
    p. r~ssv r:e I~crea.~es. This ('~dM.ces #\e.. heA.t
    I~p(,(,.t 10 +fA'!. '-!Ide. bfo~ve~ -from (~) use:
    see -fi1ctf +h e ""'4dLO~ ~ of fie fof«l fU>w
    e.'i:mc-t-ed Q.f .1 oiso ,'hct"eases. Tl1i.s ,.~&U.lf::s
    ;'" less. tn4~.s f.lc>w #troCA.tj1, +ke second
    '/v-rbcv.e st~e. J()Ml.l H~nce.J tess power
    e'fA.i:fuf.. Tht. tte.t effect is. a..SI9f\ifiCIMtt
    'n
    'ed.Ucf-f..O'1'\. -H1ermcd ef+tGfehc«1 ) o.s
    ill u.s froJ'ed iJ,t (b).
    A.toftte.r fo..cf-c>(' +£,at rekce.s fke. powU'"
    ot.Atpc.<;f- is. th€ irr~VMS; hie e.ltp4I1Sit.H1 s
    t,
    tteross -+he VAlve. This e~fecf (,c,lso tpDr5et'\S
    At ~ her e2'trf.tVtUrn. pres&uye .

    1.00 0.5

    Tll1 = Tl12= Tl p'= 100%


    0.80 0.4 / Tll1 = Tll2 = Tl p'= 80%

    0.6e 0.3
    TI
    y
    0.40 0.2

    0.20 0.1

    0.00 0.0 ~_....l...---.J_--I..-~.J.........----I-_~--..l.---l


    o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

    Feedwater heater pressure - bar Feedwater heater pressure - bar


    (0..1 (1-»
    !c::NO\A)kt.. WClteor is f'-'-t. wo~k.\~ fhA." d I'" 0... Y"~~e.W\enA.t\ve v~for powe"" c.lJde
    wit\A One c losee:t -reuwC'\,:\ev- ~4!~ter. j)(l.~ cx.t variolAS JOC4,·h·UM
    (lY'".e. lL",owV\ Q,\J.cA t~ Y1t+-7 o w er-ov..-tpe.t+i5 giveV\.
    E\~bi 'D€~e",W\\W\e.(O) -t~ -tkeV"W\Al dtLeie~':f Aa.u,l (~) tkt. mAsS .fLow t"Clte itt+O
    ~ f,,'( s+
    -kAV'~\\'e. sto-~ e..
    Sc.HEMAnc. t {jrwetJ 1)frT.\-'. 1_ (l - y)

    I I
    ~-S~o·c

    6
    T C.-= 170·C. 110.-oo..-----=........,...
    l' 3 W'-'j eo'" -
    - ?'to ~W Closed sec\-·
    feedwaler
    healer { ' Trnp
    I'f> 7 ,,- 8
    (Y)--{> _'I
    A~suMpnQN~ : (I) c.o~POII\ lfac.t is Cl"4Iljz~~ ~ ~ eD",,~1 IfoLu_e a+ ~~~
    each
    s+te.fe., (2) All proc.esse£ of. +~ wo~k.\~ .e.t~col. ~f"\e. ,"vt-k ....'NltU~ re.,N'ersdole)
    exc.e.p·Ho~ ~ e\C.~o.~,i~ -ti-.C'O\A..S\.t ~ -n-Af> (0. +h.-o11\\"", IfOC..~~) o.~ iW\ ~ e\O\eet
    .f~e.l~~ heCA.-"e~. (3) T~e -kM»\~e$ J \>""~) o..vJ.. ·fee, wAwr ke.t:t+e v: lSlferA.~
    Cll.cl~bC&'h:c.C'(ll'j .~Ii) k\~e~c. 6M.et
    pofewna.( e\l\erS~ eUe.cu- are V\e.<t)(j,l,\e.CS)
    Ctn\tAe..",~~ e.xits tWt c\o\eJ hetA..+er o.vA +Iu2. C-O'l\c!etAs.r ~ t>o.~~ ) i'tIA.\A
    0.+ ~ r.e,'pec.·hille pre s.nolUS.
    ANAt.'.JS\S', fl~st"J .f..\X e~"'- 0(. ",1f.A pri"C(pCl\ s~+es.
    ~~ Po :./20 beer ~ T, ::$2.o·C ::t> 1-1,= 3C101.$ k:r/lc.", > s,=b.SSS5 1c:r/k':).K
    st(l.!t-2.~ p3,=/obu.r- )053,=5, =t> "a'= 0.'1'".1 h2,,'= 2.7iP'I.2. k:r/l.::.."
    Sta.te. 3: f3 a 0.0'" "ew ~ S3~SI =t> Xl:o 0.,,2."7) h 3 =2018.3 k:r/k,
    Sta.-t~"t : fat-:' 0.0'" btvr ) so-to litu.icl =t> b~ -: 151. S3 1,,'3" Ik~
    Sia.tQ.s: ~S r.:s hli"'1r<cC.rS-p~)
    ... US'.';3
    \&.'r ,
    \oj'" (I.OO• .,)C,o-3)~ (12.0-0.0,,)1o«-r
    I O~
    & NIW\
    I~,.
    ~ll.lo·hJ'~
    I IcJ' I
    :. '5 I. '5 3 + 12. • 0 '7 = /" 3 . " k.:r I ~
    S+ccte (. '. Pc.
    Sfa:te.'1 ~ P.,
    '= 12.0

    = /0
    ba,y- ,) T" :. ''7o o C

    bcu ~ S4:f./j~l.t.~J. =t>


    -=t> IVl-lerfolo..to'''' \"'- TQ.Io\e. Jr-s) hI.=12$.8" t,:r
    h., -: 7~2..81 ~J"lks
    ,
    Sfe.;f~e'· 7h,.ott",,,~ fr"'ocess ::t> h. ~ ~1 :.1(",2..8' \c:.::rl\c:,
    (~) A-PP~;"'5 'M.lA..\S o..~ eV\er'~«;r ~",*e. ':>ce.\Qu,c"S +0 -l-IA.A. c.<:""..tyol "C!)lu,Y\I\A. 5u,vY'Ou,wf-
    .. t'j ~ c.lo~~~ 4-eeJ-wG:h.V" ~+e.rJ tLQ tt"'C.+l~ e+ fu How u el'-\n.c.tec.l o.i'
    l Oc.a.+io~ 2'is ~
    \-1(,,- hS 125.8(" -lEJ3.(,
    ~ .. h~- h, :. 2.1"11.2-1(,'1.,81 :. ~.2.8oq
    Fov- fld ~-\Ybl "oLu.\MA. lu~'(ou.\A.A \~ +~ ~b\1.4.e. S~~~S

    ~I -: (h,-~~) + (\ -t~P (~,,- ~3 )


    PrtOlal.eM 8.4:r (Cow\: lei)

    ::'(~'iO\.*O - 2.'C,lf.'2.) -to ( 1 - .'2.8d\) (21fS1lf. '2 ... 1.018.3) :::: Wl't.O k'3'1~
    A~J. I ffrr t1,c.4. p~~
    ~I :. ~5 -~..,. =. Ho3.(P -tSI.5"3 :. 12.0, IcJ"Ikj

    For +~. WO,,~\~ ~lv.i..& ffl-s~ilA.5 ~ro\J..1~ +L..A.. ~+e.t\.\M. V~\i\e-ro.+o1'"

    Qt ':. h\ - ~<. = ~401.8 - 125.8(,,) :. 2"75.Cl k'J/~


    1tv.L~1 fu -H..~\'""MA.\ e ~lc.\e\'\Oj is
    V\. -:. W-I: 1~\ - W r I ~ \ -:. \ n'to.E:> -
    QVv../-M\ 2(,7S.9
    '2.0' . . 0
    - O.ct3lf (43.If 1o)4ICl~~ _

    (b 1 T~e V\I\~\ flow 1(t4~ \lAto +"'~ ~lV'St tuv\' ilAe. sht1 e is foIH'\J, h-D"""
    W"';\d(. :: ~\ t W,l~, - Wp I~,l
    .
    . W c.~c..~~
    VV\ \ -:. (\iJ-tI~, - W" IM,1

    ':.
    (320 M\oJ)
    [1I1L/.O-12.01J~/~
    1103 k.rI5'" '3~(!)OS
    l ~w, l ~
    I.
    .
    : q/H XW 5 kj/t-. •• t\I\,,;....
    "'NOWN: T~e. r~eVl.'(.~wh·\le vCAfOt" fowe.t" ~de et i>r()b\e~ 8.t47C is rnodif,~-Jo
    1~c\U.d.e. ~ e~efA -kM'\).i-te S~ hec.s ~ VI. e"lG&eV\~ ot Q"). -/••
    ~~ A'I\swe-r +~ $o..MI\e. ' \ \Aesh:ol\.S' CtltJO\A.t +\"'e.. 'M.o~i f i ~~ ~ cla o.~ ill\"
    prOb \.eM 8.l.fr.
    ;\Cw=AAflC. ~ §=l"e~ bATA: 51.0°(.

    4SSUMPTtOtJS ~ Stlme. os P.,l>bki')\ 8."l~


    eJcCf1't ~-!, - \1-t.~:. 0.82. . L--_ _i_ _--.;;.,;..-._ _

    ANM.YSlS: rV'Ol'\I\ the sokd lOl<\ &P PrDblewa 8. '-11-


    It\,:. 3etOl.6 Ic.~l\a;) ) SI:' s.s sss kj/k.~.l<
    ~'i -=- 151.53 k:r\k3
    "'5-= lb3.10 \{r/Ic.~
    ~l.::' '1.5.5(" \c~l~
    'n, =~ 8 :: ,(,1.. 'Ol \c:11 ~
    Ske-~ 2.~ LAS\l.\.j ~ tu.Y''oi~e e#lc.l~Vl.CA.j J V\TI -= (~.-h~~ I( ~ \ - h2S) . W~~
    hl. S =. 2.7"CI. '4 ~/l" (PrOb\~1M 8.4'1)
    h"l,= h.- ht., ( h ,- '-'1.s ) ::. 2.81Ci.O \,:rllc.~
    Fro~ TGl~\e A- Lf .> 52,.:: t9.1"" k."J' Iks'"
    S+ede 3 ~ SI~i1Q.rlc:1) wi~ ~:::. 0.0," bCA4"" ; S3S -52, ==t> )(3S =-.8037 a~ h u
    :::. .1 ott 3. '2. k:r I ~ . T\.uA.s
    ~3
    h1. - h'toz. ( ~h.-
    '= ""'U' : 2. 2. 3 q. f., \c;f I t~
    (d) ne.. .frA.Gh·~ at- flow ~ is
    ~:::. ~
    "'hC.-hS
    '2,- h, 0 21051
    .
    FDr #..t iuA'b\\4e. s~f)es
    W.f:.l~, :.\"",-~-r.) + ('-~n (\I\~-~3) :. <1'''.0 1c~1l~
    ~,.fo.r -Hu (>l.t.~
    VJp'~, -:. hs-"''f :: 12..0" k~/k.5
    For ~ wo.V"\L\~ {l~ fo..~$ ~Wj ~rov..,~ f'.A S-ko.M 6~~Q.~r
    G\'",,~\ = h.- h .. -.: 2.biS".tt k:rtk..:,
    -Th.v-s, ....Wl. ~ev:~l e#l~ie.li\~ \.s
    w. I . ,.
    "l:. .. ~Q,(,\~:-I~P
    W\I\,
    ~\ -.:: 0.3(,8 (3b.8 0/0) ~td,....------------
    'f~t. Mfl."'~ How (edt lV\to #. ~ ·Hy~t -k.tr~'-II\(L stO-j e is
    (1:1)
    • \Nc.lJc..~ (~2-0"'-w) (IO)lW'/s)(3fD OO S \ "II"...
    .
    WI,
    MI-:"t~-t'~I-Wv/~,l ':[qq,.o -l'Z,O"'J""J~\: I M.W \ llA "J :I,I7XtO ":1 ..
    L<NOWN: The n-tod.,1ie.d r-eqe.YI€V'tOf,ve. cycle. "11\ 'Prc>bk"" a,liS is reW/ls ic(eYd,. 14e
    COMel1.so.fe is pu IM.p-e.J iwfo t-ke bo i ler feedw~-.e'" J.'kfl. .
    FIND: A-}1$~.er tlt~ S(lI1of~ ~ fAesJ.i:D1'c> Cibot¢ #ae c~ck wifl,.. ~·l.s tur'#4~r
    Q$ IYl Prop(eM 6. tis. ~IJ,J'~ -H<-e.-Iwo co"u1eY)~a.k OfhotlS.
    T&1.D(1.,ftc.aflfJ),\
    SCU6MMtC- i 'II/I?IJ V4-m~
    ,-
    I
    I

    -r ,I
    I
    '- 3S°c.
    (I}t ISOC
    q

    s
    tl.5SVMPTlOtJS: (I) Ea.clA. c.oflttponeVlt .is VolurH~ ar .sk~
    aw:t(<:I2ed as. a.. cowiro]
    S~ .(2) AU processe~ sf -Ik worl£.."" {!.Lui.el (lY'~ ,.." +e~na 1'1 reve('s,J,Je" e.~ce,.r
    for ike J'\L)( '~9 of $feAmS B ~ h -to form ~. ~) O~ a.s,u.~p+t.or\S o.fZ2 ().S i~
    Pro~\e.~ 8.&tS':
    ANM8SlS ~ flr~t) .f~ e().Clt ef -J.l.\Q. fl"\iAc.\{>td tiWes. S+a-+es 1-1 t4V'e +iI\e StA.~e
    ~~ \\A G'("ob\e~ S.LiS'. Sv.W\M.~~i1.''''j
    ~, :: 33'iB.tt IcJ"IlCj ~5 = ,el.'14
    V\"J.':. ;11'11,8 \A CD :.102
    h 3 ::. ~OS2·CJ t-,1 ::. (gq 1. 1.2-
    hI.( -:. 113.~S
    5Me.8: he -:.. n,+v,c.pe-P,)
    ; iQQ1. 2.2 ~~ + (I.L08 XIO- 3) ~:
    '---:J .~
    ( 80-,) ~A.r 't·
    l OS
    t-II.",.-a.
    I '-.......
    II lOSk::rN'M I
    I

    :."q1.2.2.'" g,o'l ::'7D5.31 (l:.:r{~

    VY\C1.SS o.V\d e.Y\EWlj~ ro.-te. bolCc.Mc.es ~ ~e. doseJ .feeJw~:~r


    .s.+cde q: F,'rst J 0fptCjMj
    heo..t.«") +\Ae. ~l.~ ~ !flow e~d·(o.cJe~ Glt 2. tS oE>-fa ill\e.d. as f.<>llows
    o ~ (I-':fllhs - h,,) or ~ (h:z. - h.,)
    _ (hC.-~5) (10Z - t5Ui~)
    <:1 -(' I) I (2.141.8-
    nt,-V\' t(~fo-\i\S)
    = - = O.2.02B
    6Ci7.22H-('102.-t9t·'i\()

    NDw} fOt" tk~ CCV\.rr&l V(J~Me. ~~clos,~ ~e ~\.Xl\Aj process


    o ::. (t - ~n h(, ... ~ ~ f - hq
    h<J :: (I-~) ~'" + 'j hi' = (O.7Qi2 )(102,) i-(.2.0J.8)(70S.at)
    :.1 t>2.67 I~J/~
    (0) To ,(,,~J. f#le heAt -fnutsfer r~ Gi&.4, if i, +,;ct ~e.cess(uCj +0 dekr"'mll1e. fl-ae
    )l.1Cf.,~ t-u,w raie Wl,. 10 do So I .b~i", wi+k

    ~1: =. (~,_ Lt ~ ) + (l-y)( h _ ~,.)


    ~I '1. ...
    ::. (33"lB.Lf- 2-i«.t,.8)+(,- •..zOZ.6)(Z7Ll,.8-2.08Z.cl) ::.1I3Uilt.:rlluj
    CHt.d
    ~I =. (1-~)(h5-Lt'C) +~ Clte-k,)
    =. (O.1't72.)(18/."t({-173.es) +(.2.02.8)(70S. 3 1- " '1 1 . Z,2 ) B.tJ7 kJ/~
    I~ us« k~/s
    =.

    W~clc (LOO M.w) Ilo 3 1c.:rls


    oM ~ w~/~
    l
    wp/.,;,. I I - =. Vl3"Q - g.07) kJ/~ I lAW

    1he he~+ -ftund'~r ~ G.i"" i-.s


    Q,'"" -:. ~,(~,- hl:i) =. (f6/1" ~ )(33Lfr,Cl-702.''7 ) -k.Jc~
    s 9
    II kW,
    I kJ" s
    I
    :. 235 XI 0
    3
    LW4lll!~;"- ~

    (b) The fher~f e++lc.je~c~ ts


    3
    -:. WCJ4.L.::. 100 }(to lcw (fj/)
    ',-
    \It,
    Q"lI\ (). 3S)( io> lc.vv
    2 • .r :: D,'tz.b 42.fo'io
    (e.) For fkq ~tLStf'J -th~ rMS"S a ~ eJite ~~ rote fp"lfA.k.ces r.etluce +0

    o =. "";, ( I-lj) ( " '3 -ked +- ~ '&AI (. l1,w, t'" - hew, out)
    Sol VI;"':J ~ fI.1,(l m(i.~.s flo".> ro-te of c.coll~' wa:fe.r
    . :. ~t(t-lj)(43-l..t'f)
    V1flc.w -
    (~cwJo"t - £"W,lk)
    Lvi t'" he l.U~ ~f (7) .frcmt T",Me A- - 2-
    ~(."" :. (88.'18 ~/s )(O.1112}(20B2.Q-113.BI) lc:r/~ 1.3.1()~.s1
    ( I""'. e-s- ~2,'c;) k;rl~

    : 5.B2 S sio" k,9/h .....


    ~ .;.;;.
    1) is c.vs3i uv), PUWlptn!3 the. c.c>~c,{i'VtSl.lte il,1.+o +l-te boiler feeJ.w~+er (/~e fAC4-'
    o.d.v"",t-o..,e.s ~~ +YOf(JI'W~ it I~l'to the ccmdellfser: Th~ fm,Crtcn\ of. sf.efA.yV} l.;f-
    e,)(rra.fac,{ a..f ~ i~ lO()1(l-("/ ,...esLdtl~~ j", ~r€4,fer IVOr-k, pef' lAtI<~t \'V\~~.s ficw ","roCA1~
    tl.te. fw'bll.-\e. SllAC.e. tf,v2. fower ,lS (.t)\I\J'td\A,t) le ss ,.f-lOWls r~u.ll'~lA. Tkls resLtlcr
    16\ \DW~, lAecvt \V\.pct* ~ ~l~"'e.(" ~tr~~( e~lC\e~Cj. T~~ Q>L\t'\4fi~~ 0p'hoh.
    also e{u\I\ I""Mes +he. ''f''re.verslk,dH''y dv..uz. -k> tl\e ~'~j vA.lve. F,~~{lLf) f'ke..
    1'v.~,~_ 0ft~ is so~ewLt.a,t V'f\Ofe. tQ~\e.')( \V\ +er~s of 'flr iHj ~~ ('~u.~s
    OJA afkL\,tlCMod (plA.Mf ill\ ~ ~~ Wl* Ctssoc.i~;teJ rvto..llA-k",Ct~C.~ \1ecull.
    fANP:

    Trap
    7 ,~ 8

    (y) ---{> " ...

    AS.SUt'\l\PTlOt.J':, ~ el ) Ea.c~ CO'llo.p0y\&M.-c is -._~~e"'" o..s 0... ~+ral voh~.""e cd- 64-~ ~.fe.
    ~) Ao\l pofDt.eSSe& c.f ~W01"lc.l''''5 ~\WA,o..fe '\I\\-~t"r\4ll~ ~,,&V"s\JoIe. .~xc.Qpt !O,. #.e
    e.)Cra.~C:~ ~V'o\J.!~ #.A. t'r~ CDo. i-k.rottll~ 1yo (.e ss ) C4~ lll\. #..e. c.lo$e~ ~d.wcde.r
    ke.C(.ter, (3) Tke. -kwhIK«.) ptA.~,) 01."'-41 -t-~eJ.wAter he"'f.e.r .~m;fe McA"4t"'U:.a(~,
    (li) "',,~ e.He. ~V..A poh~""f\.~( (V\~V'9!:1 e.f{.ec.is' ().t"c, \tl~\ L3\ble, <$) toNte~C&4ie ~X.-\ts t~
    t;~S'~& h~ a..s secf.l.\.t"t4hc( li'\4.l,c. Q.t ioolIo4'f\k~ Q.1oo.4l ~ c.~etr (A.£ s~~e,,(
    lc'\\A.i.{ a+ I l£4.ll·"':
    MJM-VSlS: F\~t J ~ e~cM cri- ~e fr\",c..~pQ( skdes, rr"01't\ t~ tolu..h'w.. 4-0 1>r()~~
    8,<); h~=(S141.1 f>~(l'-JSl: (.t.")l!," ~~/t~,·ft) h3~ 'til., t6+u./I&oJ~'t=,(P'.1,{01«/Ib"
    ().t.ul h s :. 11.(.S oz.. l} Iu lilt> •
    s-ISe 2.: p-z. '=-( 00 tb-tl i",': > S-z. '=-S, ~ 1,2.: 1110.1 6.Ju/tb (.,~l.. '+-'1£)
    SJ..rrk " : rf..: Ie, 00 I"~U,,~.J r" =7;"" (! 100 ll.f.l'''':': :. a:z.7.Sf. °F;::::f>.Jn,~ T..ble A:s E
    t1" %. 10 I. ~ 6~llb (clelA."Ie. ''''' -foe rpol Co. t,'"'-.)
    $fa:f~ 1; 'P7 <: LOO ll,f hi.c~ J SDd-, /;11.<.C.'.( h'1 : 2<ff1." -c- gkA I£b
    5ff4=e.B ~ rkyt)'tth'~ prClc.~n =t> ~8 = l-t, ~ 2.qB." BIu"'\'

    '+PP~ ilo\.5 \')\"'ss o.\.(.J JU\U9~ ra:t~ b~caM.(~S 10 ~ c~~eJ. t~eJ..VJ~ ltef4-1-er'j
    t~e.~c..tl~ ef ~ ~ exhac.+4!.e{ a.t IfDCA..h'~ Z tS
    h,,-I;;s
    ~ = h ~ ~ 0:2.4 qO
    '2,.- "7
    (~) To d.e..~ryw,;"e. ~ 'OW...,- J..evel~ptlJ. b'j tkt. Ujc.le., be91~ w;u,. ~ c.crn,..fre,/
    "'O{u.~e. ~rou.-t tb.. -Iu,.l,.~e

    ~
    W\I
    = <"'~I-~-z.) +(l-Ij\ ("'~-~3)
    = [(tSf{1.1-1~IO.1)+(( -()."2.~qO)(l'tlO.l-qll,1.)1 ~((b
    = S(pt.:t. e~/Lb
    PR.D13LEM ~ ,S-O \ c.o0-\-cL)

    For & ~(A~


    ~, =. hs-h.-t :.(1~,S'2..-b9"'1)&k.4J(I,:' 4.1<6 61v./11-

    1\u.c.~) wi+l Wl,":. 1.1« )«(0'" lb/tt (Pro"'e~ 8.Q)


    Wc.~c.lc _.~
    - ,Lr w~I'~, - Wp}·
    'M,
    1
    = (1.4 ~IO" ~) l$(gI,Cf2-l("g] s~ :. 1.200 "(.W8 6~1 ~ _-.a--__ ----L....:.;

    (b) ~e ~ell'1W-'l e~+l(.\e\\C41 i,s


    VL = W.~c.le ':. WC:je\e.
    a.\~ "'" ( ~,- ~(o )
    (7.~ "'(08)61u/~
    :: '(I."~tOb ll,/h)(IStl1,1-101.<D) 8"""1\> :: O,!l41 (((4.1 %) ....- - - - -
    t G) For ~ c.crnA-e+tse.r, f'tc.A rl'la.ss o..lIlcl £I.UV"SY r-o.N be&/4~ces ('-ed.uce. '10

    O=. th, [(l-Ll)


    <:J
    '" S T \J
    d"
    h~ - k't] to ~c. w """'.'k
    ("'.. • - he."",ou,,-. . )
    wke.V"~ \'h'w \s ~ ~ss .(.{oc.e.> ('a.:te. OT co()l"",-~ wa.te.r. 50\VlK5 .fo.r ~c.w

    -Mc.w
    :. -m, [(l-\P~"3 + '4 ~8 - hit 1
    ( h,,,,,,O\A.t - ""~,\"')
    w\~ hc.w ~ ~~lT) -fn,'M "Tca.\o\e A-2E.
    (i. 'f Y.\O Co '~J ~) ( (O.iS I)Cfll,1. + (0,"2 t«'l) 2l!El.b - {,CJ.1 "11 e~/lb
    ~ c:.l.U': -----------------------
    (ye.o'} - 2.8.08 ) ~~I\~

    ::: q,~~O d~-------------------·


    7
    )«0 Ih/h
    "D/SWS'Sion: (I] SI"C& So~c. ~S$ is e~~etec:t.fyoY'\"l t-k-e. -J.u.y),''''e.) +~ POW&V"
    d.e",e.(ope~ t~ MeH1if,et-< ~ele is ~s ikt.:LII\ ~ ~ ~(..(e 01- ProbleM B. q. C),·) rite
    I''''
    ~te 19;' k.ea..t ~s4-er fc U.i wcrk.ins flU.lct p",.s\~ tuvo,,",k. ~ "ktU1 ~.e"'~4-1or­
    is l-efls.rc,.. #teo mod.I·4llcc( ~e.tt be i-O n~tlAe~11.·h\. I~ ~ c.Lor-e~ -t-e.ed wt:ll.'4-er.
    heo.t(.V". J:'1Il ikis eIl&e. ~ tf,...e,r-mtt./ e-Pf-i.C:leM.c'j is it"lcr"ea.s~J ~(.le fo r~e.r4fttn\..
    ....... T. 6.
    'e.- Sctt I1b I
    100 lbf{ik~'C~IOS-ed""-"""'......,..J
    feedwater Trap
    heater ,., 8
    (Y)-{> ,\_,

    Ap~(')MPTlQN.s: SAMe a.~ Pro"J.eM 8 .50.) e~ept 1\+1" "tt~ ::. .88 a.aut ~p : .80.
    ANAt.'tS\S~ From probkn\ a.s- =
    o, hi '541.1 Bkt/1b) s,« 1,<tllS" 6i«J~b·QR.J h'l::I.~.1t18kt1fA
    It,,= 101.10 01-«/''',) h..,-::2."i8." ~f<A.I{bJ "'8 =~7=- 2.'ie,., 8-4ultb. ,1

    5+a.ft ~: (,{$~ ~ ~b,~e S~(l. etfic.,e"~. F,·rst,)!... ~IOO IIoHI~~ Q.~ ~2.~=S,,>
    ka., ~ (1. 10 ' 1 8fu./Uo (P,.obl-e~ a,!)b) ~ 1iw.s
    •
    _ w~, I~ \-\ I-\'" z.
    l1.t,-(,:, /') -:. \. I. ~h"Z.= \.a1-l1.-b(~I-ku)=('Z5I.\ 6~/11
    "~"'I 1M S V\ I - \1\ U
    Fn:)t·" Table Ao-ttE J ~'Z. :; (.<t1~1.( BJ.<.</Lb ,OR..
    awe. 3: 5Imi((1.l""l~) ?3=1 L"f/l"~'>S3'=Sz. =t>~$=o.go111 Il1u~ 'f37.SS8#t4/U,
    7ttus..> h a = hoz. - \o\t'1o (~2.- "'lS) = cns,(... B-kAIIl»
    S+o.-fe 5:: S-#ak 5 is -tVtf!et ~;"" ~ flA.""P eff-e.c.ie",CA;J • FV-Orvl Probl-eM 'i?SV
    h Ss ~ '14,S",eJ.u./lh . -rk-us

    Vip:'
    hS$ - h'f
    \-ls-\.a'f
    J.. I
    =s,..> tlS
    I
    :::. tl",,+ ("'5$-h~) h p
    I =15.1,S-aW/b
    Ttte .f.ro.ch~ ~ e>+ fu ft.(,rb,·~e #-OW e~~cJe.J o..t IQCA:I..Z.~.;t is
    h" - Its
    ~ -=. !II 'I.. k .., =O(l.>ll
    (ttJ FOr ~k +<.t.t'bi\l\e ~~es

    ~, ::. (~l-~~) 1-(t-~)("'~-~3 )


    : (. IS<i1.1- ('251. t)+ (l-O.1.~1 \) ((~S\.l -Q1 S;z..)
    =. 507.0g 1O~/l~

    For fltA. fU.~


    .
    'd£ : \'5 - ~ 'f .: i5./ IS-t.ct.7'( :. 5.Q15 6+<t lIb
    A~ ~ k.9-t power tJ.evelop~~ i~
    W~tl~ ::. 'M. [W-e/~l - Wp/~, J
    .
    : ll.Lt~lOCtl ~) LS07.0g -5.'17S] ~ .: 1.01<# ><lO 8 6Ju/" OIIIiIOIIIiI -~.o&.=
    Wclfele.

    (b) T~ ~~\ ~4C:c.\·~lII.Uj iot


    V\.~ Wtijc.l~ _ Wt.tgde
    G.,~ - ~\ (~,-\t b)
    (1.0n Xl0 8)
    ::. -----------
    (.1.* ~lOCo) ( IS'l1.1- ~Ol.~)
    :. O,C(O''Z. (40. 2. %) E
    -S
    -------
    lC) 1'\-\e. 'fV\.C4"'\ ~w ""*e e.f. COo\ -s w~ r ta.~s;~ ~~k +\,..a c.cTNte.~s~.,.. l03
    oM, l (I-'j) h a + ~ h 8 - '" 't ']
    vhc.w ':.
    (h 4 "", , O CA t - hCWli~)
    .: (I." X, 10 fII) I( (O.7(,p"tQ)Q1S.'2. .... (.;z.~1()4'8." - b1.7V]
    ( 4-e.~~ - 2.8.08 )
    =. S.'Z.(:l'XI0 7 ib/h .....~ =
    Pf{O&EM 8. 5"2

    KNOWN: The. ida( Ro.",kilAe f'dcle. of Pro~le.fI1 8.(0 ~s m~cl.t·f,f!d fo 1·J')d\.\.~e s....,er_
    heo.tec{ vo.pcr el.1.kJt.i~
    tLte -A-~rl" ~l ke s~e 01 ~ ~ closed feeJ-
    wa:f~,.. healer 'U~I~j e.i+rAc-led skAm . jhQ coW;("'~s~e .fn:,m +~e he~V"
    is trfll1'ped ~Vaft> +~e. c.~e~se.r.
    E1..tJJ.12.: DefeV"W1;I1ecC') ft1e.vae.fr.o:>rk. pef' UJi1;&:{- of steAm .flow e""lvz.l~ +lie tty-d-
    tu.~I~e. sfn.,e.J <bJ l11e -I1!terrna.1 e++LCte&ACfj J a.~&. (c.) tl-\e heaf -lrttl'ts1er
    to c:ool/''''~ w~ .... r(A..Hl~ ~\"Owt~ ~Q.. U)~e(' per t.e.n:l.t MO-~s ef
    SteA.M evtkr"(&-\! tke f~rst tu.~l~~ s~.
    ~Cl:fcMAr'(. t! GIVEN MrA:

    S 3
    s Trap
    ,- 8
    (Y)--{> .....,

    A55VMprlQtJS:(tJ Ea.cIA cew'p",,?eut i$" o.n{A{YZe;J. as l.t e.tm:1roI vol!"tJ1e o.fsfet'<tLc.t shtfe.
    (2) AU pr"cess~s ef +he. work.aa-\~ flu.(t,{ O\.~ III\"'erl\aLl~ r.eveV"Sllol€. J e>ccep+ ¥or ~
    ex:part ,io~ +krou., h +ke. tro.PJ ~ tkt1?ttll~~ proc.e't.. (A.M.c( in tl1e ~ea.fer. (3) Tl,e.. -I-urbli'JCs...
    PlA~) aM.J. -feeJ.~~ heater ~te.. o.d{AhaticGlllt1. (LfJ ktH~fcc aM.d. f~/IC+le;d e.ne~':j
    e~c.{s- (A....e, Y\~I",ble.. (S') Cot1t£e,Iit~().,fe e~(,fstke heoJeras s()..J.u..rt:e.f~ li~t.t.(d o.t IOhars.
    AtVAl,'{stS: First} +L°)(; eaclc rrti-tc.;pal state.
    stafe, f: p, =£80 bar J T, =s,ooc * l.1, ::. 3'/1./4.4 k::rt~ J S, :: b.43'2 k:::rI/aj'K
    S"fdje k ~ f.,. = 10 hew I ~,.: 05, ~ "'2.:: O/i61", hz.::' 27".(P kJ"I~
    ~a.te 3: F3 '= O.Ob »0."- J S3= S~ ~ X 3 = 0.7518 J 11 3 ::, 'tiel.. '3 k.J'/~
    Sfrdeq: P'f::'O.~ ba.,.... SQ..i.li~id» "''t :.151.53 k:;rI"5Jt.1i,= 1.G>~<jXL03'M3/~
    Smte S: hs 'd h~ of- 1rLt Cps -P"1 )
    ~ /51. S 3 of- (J.!>O~41(l O- I ~
    \! .,
    ) (18~ _ O.E)L) ~QIr. \ IO~I ~I.~
    'P
    lM"i\L lkr
    .... llOJtJ.t'o'\
    ,I

    :. H3J.53"" 18.l1 = llo(i."q ~/~

    ~ ,,: TStlt <! 10 bQ.t


    T(, -: ~'7lf.'t "Fl =;> I \'\+~rpDI4::\.h~1 l&f\ T~lDl~ A.-s
    1',,:180 bar, J h,,~"112.1
    SWe,1: p,:"oba.r} sa.t.Li~(,(.ie{ =t>1''';),.. 8/ kJ/~
    ~±a.fe. 2): 7h,..oltll~ pro~s -=V l1~ =~i -:. -ll"2. Bl J,.::r/kj
    (~) Be~iV\ b':1 a.p,,1~1 ""~ W\" cs ~\I\d elAe.-r.;~ rede. ba.{a.~ces to ~e. close-col .f~ed­
    W 4. +'W" V\ eate r
    PRDf3l£M ~.-S2 ( Cant I,))
    (9 =. 'd ( l1z. - h'7) + (h S -fA,,)
    or) solvf~g .fot- f1,..e .frn.c.h~ Ot-PlDW ~ e.drtlcf-e.4 aJ- 2.
    .. t-a b - k,S _- 772.1 - t '" .lP'+ 3
    Lf - = e. OCf 1
    <t h'Z.-~l ;LiU.lP - 7":l.81

    #Jow -fen-- fhe fu,r-b,;"e cS+-~es


    J
    .
    ~ =([",-~1-)+(I-V)(~2.-h~)
    I

    -:. (3 411"l.L/ - ),711." ) +- (o.« ctDct)(.2.ill.w - Itt B2.3) ': /2. 3".'" Ic::r[ k~

    Th~ J
    *,':.
    ,4-nd, +ortke pu.~

    hs-~t.t:: 1~~."tt-ISI.53:'
    +ke.. '"f\-e.t wor-k. is
    IB.L1 k\r{/<j

    W~d-e _ Wt; _ Wp ': 1218.fo Ic:r/~< Wc.~c.le/";,


    M, - ~I m,
    (b) To cf..e,fefv)\lVle +1Ae. ~eYrY\l~.l ~ff.lc.;e~Cc11 ft'r.st otek.V'M\~e. -\-lAe \tte~t i6'\p~t
    .
    a~~ :: ltt, - h b ': 3 LlliLf.4 - 112.1 =.,;>. (g72. 3 kJ/I<j
    V\'\I

    o..v.J.. \11 ~ ~ ~c.\e.{~\ :. 12l8.~ :.


    ~L a 0.4 Sft, (4-5," °/0 )4 \'L
    \iA /"" , 2 fD1 2. '?>
    (~) for tL C,eVlfr6( va{(,(,~e. .e&;tCl.oSf&.t~ -Ute.. wa,.lG\~ .p./e.ti.eA rU1>SI~~ fkrov..,~
    ine Chf\k l1s.er
    .
    Q~t :. (1-y\h3t~hf,- hlf
    VV\,

    := (o.C9~f)q)(J~~2.3) i-(.3~c1l)(1"2.,81 )-151.53

    = lLi 53. 6 k3"/~. Q.ou+/~1

    8-88
    KA!owtJ: The re,~ner~vhve. power cycle of Problem 8.52 is MCld.,·tJec11o ,v,duele
    +hCl1- #te turb.he. st«..,es ().~ flAMp eetdl\ ktlve. eftlcleY\"j of 85%.
    E..l.6l1l: Ans-wer fhe SaMe ~lAesl-t.Ol'\.s ,,-s i"", Protolem 8.52.
    jC f:fI!!MMlC 6 Go LVEN DA.m- '.
    T

    ASSUMPTION S: ..sAme ",.s Pr~bJelM B,51~


    except ~c, -: . \'\~ 2.= c .85 Q. \I\A:;( ~:. o, t!JS •
    A=NM.YSI$:F,rst, ~\x ~c.e.d.\ cf- .fhe. prit\-
    cip~' staks. h--OM ProbteM. 8 .. 52..> h \ =
    31i&t4.Ll k::rf(~ I 5, :'G..'t3'2lc:.~/~·l<,h",:. 35
    15t.'S3 "\T/~ » h,,:. vn: I 1c'J' Il~ ) a.l'\d. ~., :h6=
    1(,').. tOt k~/"5.
    s
    Stp,(e-z.: U.S\,,~ toke. ~1,M,lot~e. e(:f.lc.iell\~) "4, ~(~,-~~)/(k,-~:L~). W;.j.~ ~2.f.= ).711.(0 1cJ"/to,
    frotll\ Problc.m 8.54-
    ""1..:' ",-
    Yl.t, c.~,- ~z.s' =
    ;2e~f.5 \c.:rllCj
    :r~+.eIfV(!)ltAti"\~ It\ Ta~\e.A-Lf; s~:."._801 ~~\~
    $We 3: f 3 =O.o£, ~Q.(", 5,as =->1. =t> X,.s D., 5 8 1 ) ""3S = 2057.0
    2 Ic.:::r/~
    a~tt It) '::. k'1.- Jttz.(t,z -h 3 .5 ) e 2.17/.1 k.\fll<3
    Sta.te 5: U51i4~ the.l)(.\.MP e.(+lG.e",c.~n Ylp ~ (ks s- h't ) Ie hs - L, 'i). "",~ hss =.
    Ifp'l. f#'-f k.:r/(~ ~ PrDbkr't\ ;r. ..5~
    "'s
    = ~'t +- (l1 s s - ~'t) /kp = /72.fYI kJ/kj
    (~) U:Sl~j #te. ~di.fitUl dai»:
    ~ = O.1-Qlt J W-L/rh l =IOB3,Sk:r/fcg~ Wp/,y., :.;11.3/ 'cz:r{~

    1i.u.~ W'11c:.l~ :. 10(, 2.::z. Ic:.:rl ~ 4S


    V\'\\

    lb) Q.,,"l~, :.;2(,12.3 k:rl~ o..~J.- '\.-=- 0.397 ('3Ci.ie/O~AoiI~ _


    .
    (t.) G..ov.rl ~ \ :. I" 10.l kJ' I~ ~ ~o-wt/lk
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    tu.,-bU.1(l (.l~ '~""P ,rn."t.rs(hil;h~s a.ffect #te. ne.t w~r~ of t~e. c.~cle. SI~P'\lflcaVlfl~)
    ~er~~y cCUl..sn'9 Cl 3 i~nlfj(AJ,\.t t{rop 111\ #lerp\.~d eff~,e~~ .
    PRoBLEM 8.54
    /<NOf.UN: T~po~c"'" plQHt l6\.yo\,\".+ Ot- MtfJ.g./'Z., tr u ... c1,. ... c.I»,.,~I·cl-t,...... ""·O\o1.
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    Q+- ~tPJ S,I/lJ1r I~ f .."lNls of+~ fy-ACf,'O"'S Y'Z.,.JY3,1Y'Jo""cty?·
    ~C.~""'JI\TI( ~ ~/flrlV 'i:>1\71\-: S.e ",. e·l,
    A S.rCJr\'\P7tClNS: C'o .. tvo \ VlJ(VkI\et 0-+ oSk-..ay .s+w..ti" ~"'C!{OS~ ~<tc£... tJf T~
    p,,",H"'r....t COM.toPC»l~Kts.
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    ~r 10 I~" So +-""':J <.. I WQ kA"~
    .
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    "'-2.

    A ppl (11"', A. ,,"eUoS' {'A k loA I Do'" ~ +0 c... C!.V '" ivb I ~ I v ....... c. c '" c to I ,. &-1.-'
    +k~ ov_rQII f-c,....rlg .."" ...,J

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    FOrTl\Q etes .. c:l fQedWtlo-i er: ht> ....t"..- c...'\.d Va.\ve. )


    .
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    -. ~ \I

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    M ~ ~ -" IS -:. ~,{p • c.e, II~ e.k"', AU &4.l:h

    ~11
    t;:NOWN: \\}(:t.te.\'" i c -+\..e. wor\t.'''''''3 +w..l~ i", (J... f'~~ne~+Vv(. v4for fOW¢N" ~ele
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    E\tVt)~ J).e+eV'MI~e (CI.) +~ -tkeV'~1 e4Cc..,·~~~ ().w:! <b) +l-te. Y\\()..co'S -c-tow
    ~Ct.te. o~ s~~ ~l-eV"\'~ fke -H;rq +UN b\~e sm~e..
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    ASSUMPTIONS: S~Vl"\e a..s Etco..lMfle 8.b , exce pi V\C rene. ter.


    AN4L-'£SlS', F\.~:!>t) .f-(x e"'clA e>f +"'-(. fY'\1Ac.tpCA.l S ~,.
    S.ffMc. I'. Fl:eo IoCLl/' )TI=l.{eODC. =p h,:33't9,Lf k:r/6;,) S,=b.tDSlH. ~::rI1~'K

    'SMe. z. : r~ =t.o ba.Y' ) s~ -:.S, ~ 1,'2. = 2.Q"3.5 k::r , ,,,,,


    SWe.~: Pi ::. 3 bwr .; S3 :$, =t> )£3::' O.<t313 , h~ =258'.(., "\rl~
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    s-kke S~ fs =0,08 'oc:w.l scc..t. I i\. =t> h s ": 113. 88 k.~( b,
    (,',
    s~e hb ':to hs + 'US
    ~:r
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    = 5fo\.'tl +- 8·z-<, ::. S(gCf,13 kStte,
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    b~ ) sa..t.ll~U.jcA.
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    (~) 'B~~1i\ b~ de.(.~"''lY\\\I\ i nj +lA~ flow Yd-1e. yC(+ios tj' Q.\A.J. ~". E~ev-e':1 Cl~ """tS
    v-a.+e. bQla.",ce.~ ~f" 1-~ clO~tJ t-ee~wa.+e1 Vt(td~r '(~hA(e 10
    o = ~'(h ~ - ~ II)) + (h s - ~q )
    • _ ~1- \"8 878.31( - SCoCi.13
    ~ - L I :. : O. I SO 2-
    ",'Z.-\I\\I) 2-<1"3.5 - cto8.'''t
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    "" 1075./ k."J"/~
    Fe r -I-k r~ rv..p $l

    ~ =(h &-~.,) t- ((-1;1'- ~") (~" - ~S")


    ~\
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    Q.~~\ = ~,-~, ;:: 331.(8. t4 - 818.., \( -- 'Z."(cO, , kj" /~


    -r\u...S t~ ~ en".cd e+1-lc' ~ lit Uj is
    I

    YL ~ w-tl~,.-Wp/';"'\ =-l).'t?>18 ('+3.'8°/o)~Ef-- ""::'


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    'M
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    .
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    PROl3lEM 8.56,

    I<NDWtJ: The ('~tjl\(.ret+lv~ vapor rOwt2r ~c(e c9f Probltzm s.ssts reconsidered,
    fJ1I.12. ~ JV1 ves tiq'tre fkll e.ffecf~ O"Y\ per-fcu'YYltAJ1ce a.s +he "lIgher e xrraci-tor:
    p'(e~sure -h:llt.e, on C)fI,zer V"alu~s. COn sfru.ct su.i.tal,le fIefs o.~d di,Sw's.
    Cot\~ tdeY'" bofh r-.eveV'siMe. CU\e{ ' .....Y"evel"'s-ible (!)pe.ra.h~ of tLt.e furblYe
    S f-~R.S ~ q'1A ""f>~'
    tiClfeMMlC. f GI Vf'-tJ 'DMA ~ See sohd'IOJ'\ +0 Pri>hk;)t 8.55:
    A-SSUMPTlON5: $ee. selu.:ftm -1--0 Prohtew. ~.S5. Also) ~I:: ~20:' hot) = Bo"~ GlKel
    rtp, :=V\pz.: f!JOD{o -+Or file. .s~ fjlVf.,f.
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    '
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    3 I ce. t-~ fv-<tc h 0", '1'<-- €..,(. fy-(/. c fed A..t 3 ;

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    ~ -:: (lA 3-h£.) - (24-':?"'C1- ISt.b?) ~-I
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    ')'h'
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    ~
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    w- j I )« 77.).
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    ~\..o.totlb ,(.I~'

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    : 'L~( XLO
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    I6NQWN': n~ Y4.~c.lI\tV"Q.+\ve VCtfo... fOWC,(" c,\1c\«. o~ Prolol~~ 8.51' is \'\1oclll\~ +0
    ihc.lucle +fMt+ ea.do\. -kA..v~i""'-e s+Q.:Je. ~".s."~ e+fic.ie.V\CAj 0+ 82 % •

    E ''''I>: Av\$wev- +lA.e SQ.\Me ,u.esho~ d.\:lou..t +ke. MocLif ic.~ Ojele. 4S ;'" Proble",,'.~1.
    SCijEIM-TlC. t 6r\VEk) DATA:

    , ::Yl-t"&o:. ~3
    ..... 84 %

    ASSUMPTto~S: SAoVll\e <:lS Pf'obl-e.M 8.51>


    exce.p+ ~I -::~ ... ::. It-t:s ::. 0.82.
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    h\= ~'fOl.8 k'J'/lc..~ ~ s,= ~.ssss \c:r/~.\<.
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    Vaf&>:' IS J.(Pi l::.::r/~ "'10::' "~7.. 81 Ic:I'I\CO
    h'1 ::. 4.'1. l\ k ~I ~ h u :.""75. '2.\ k::r( \C09
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    I -

    h'l.'io :: 2.'1" "i. '2. ( PreDteM B. s "f)


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    k.:rl\~.l<:'.
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    ~ I ~ 0.2"22.. J ';Ill :: O.Oft,ft,5 J WC / M , = /£)2.1.Q IcJ"lk., J Wpfn", : 2'2.101 IcJ'/ls

    W ~.c.\e. -:. q q q ~ 'L \: J lie.5 •


    'V'f\ \

    c.\ Q\V\ I~I -::. 2351,l{ ,,"JlI~ ~~ 'Vl: D.~24 ('{'l..4 D!0),,
    <sr -- YL

    <.C ) G. 6 '* (oM \ : 1"3 5 e. 0 k.J" {~ rS


    PROBLEM 6. ~3

    ~tJQwtJ: Th~ V'~t~evMl\l"" vo..p&r POWEW" ~cle ~'" Pn>1o\~r\II, 9.55" i.s V\\oc.t~~iec(
    to\V\(,~ ('.e~ G.."C ae 1o£.Y" .
    FINO: J>.eielrM''''e. it\e ~er~\ e~l"d~"'tAj of ~ \N\acl~+l.eo\ C-tdc.(e.
    ~ 1!64\.l.'\1'lC. i 6-\V Q) l>JnA: f, -:. 80 - __ - - i1
    T, ~ c(8o~ - - - - I
    ,
    f.urtrrll .f:knu
    . !\ld.Wtf
    ()
    I I, '2. 3
    2.L _
    T

    L}'

    Q) "0=8:>--, cJo~cd
    10 hecc:k r
    Tie> .2oScc. ' - - - - t - - - '
    :0

    s 12.

    MS()J\Il.PTLOt\)S '. So.me a.s EkQ.lMfl Q 8.. '0


    AN At,'{ S\ S: Us '~.s t4'prO(> ri o.te dd-b.. fv'o~ ~'o\G>M. g. 55'
    \-\ ~ '3~~8.lfo \c.Jl~ ~ ':. 5iP'.13 "-:i'l~
    It\-z.: 2,.Gl."3. 5 ft\:!l ~ h '0 ~ 8 (S. 3; k.J"ll'S
    V\t, ::. l13.88 ~;rll~ h ' l = QE>8.'Q lc.:rl~
    hi ':. 11't.'''' k.:rtlcc.i ltl n . -= 'i08.'" k~/lc.I)
    h~ -:. 5 Ll.lt 7 \c:71lc,
    ~: Ps ::' 2.0 b~ ) ..,.., ~ q"to°c. -=t> "''3
    -= 33 3S.5 k:S I k.sj , S 3 :. 1. 1.5''t 0 \cJ'/~.~
    '5kt.'e. 4: P't -e, ~ baN' , Sit ~ s3 =t> sUf.~ ; h~ os ~83q.:; ~~/~
    Sk+te 5: fs ~O.o& b"", )'s =Sa =t> X = D.872.3" hs ::' 2.'2.10.1 kT(Ic.~
    Fro~ ~ ,.oh".t\.~ to Pro'o\-e,M 8.'55") 'c\' ~ O. (502.. R-e~~rct.;"",; ~"
    .. _ l' (h,-\t,'&)-T(ll\,-~,)_(o.1~0'2.)(I·N.17-~08.-,q)H5'J.'i1-ll'l.l7)
    ~ - (~" - ~'1) - (281~.S - (1,/.17)
    :. O.lo3ct
    Fo\'" -H-.a. ~\)\\~ ~~
    ~~('t\cl ':0 ~h,-h'L) + (l-'4i')("'~-h'C) T(l-~'-'fl)(~",-ks)
    :. (~~~8.l{-.2tt"'3. S) +(.8lt~8)(3n'5."-Z.B3~"5) +( .1't5"l)(1.83V5 -2.2'l(1)
    = /:2.31.1 lc.~/kj
    ~ J.for ~ Pl.A.VKf S
    Wpl ~, ":. 0'1- \t s ) +- (l_\j'-""') ( \',-~" )
    =<?b,.13 - 3(,1.\f,)+(.1'l5et)(IY'f.(7- '"13.8S):' B.ttS k:rllc..y
    '1~e ~\ ~ A..M~ clwc-l~ bo·Lh~.91 st.l.i'.eYhetl-h·~ oV\c.l V'-eweo.+\·~ i~
    e)Cp~esseJ. fer t,Utl+ ~~s ek=k,v~'", ~ first ~l~e as

    Q\~ f~\ = (~ \- h\~) ... (1- \j t) (\, ~ - h ~)


    = (~3"tS.\f -8'78. 3tf)+( ,BllQ8)('53'35.5 - Z.1b3.S)
    -:: ..278(,.2. ~J'lcj
    ltt~} ;'~~\WA.\ e.~c.\'t"'~ is
    "'.. W-t/oM I - Wf , ~ \
    , \ ----=--.:.~----.:...-.:... = 0, -e~-- _ _-=-
    4388 C<t 3. S 8 0t,)....
    Q,'1i' I W\,

    8'"-IOIP
    ttNOWN: 11.vL. \fCA(1Ol' ~OWev'" CA.1c..l< E>{ ?Yob(i!.¥y\ B. '3 is "Me&2~lec.( -Jo \'",c.lM.tt..t
    ~~t eA.~ ~i.vu~ s~e "M A\.\ eUlc.'elA~ ot 85 % Q.~ ea.cl\
    pv..Y\.top k~ a"", eU~Gi~t4j tO~ 82.·/0.
    f,NPi ~(l.peo* +k~ "-NA.~S~S o-f Ptt'bIeM ~~L~3 -lor ~ mocttfled Ojc.\e.
    6CJ;t€MM1' • ~\V€IJ DinA"
    FDr' +kc 4u.vL-t,MC'S:
    &leo~
    FOr #£ ,-/D\A.~S:
    .r

    s S
    A»VMPnot.)S·. .s~~e c..s Probl-e~ 8. "3) exee p+ It-tl -:. n-l-a ':lo 'Y\~~ =. 0.85) ll.~
    ~r, ~ Y\rz ':. e.ez .
    ANAViHS '. H-ot\'\ P-mb\.e.M 9.,3) h, ':> 3''(8.4 lc:rll~) 5,: c"."'58(P \c'JIb;).K.)
    "'1: ,~'CS.S \:.:Ill~) S): 1.1.5'f0 \::\flk,.K, \-',,:\13.88 ~~I~) '--'8:: 5"'.1.41
    "ho: 8"t8.~'t t3'\",} h'I"'~\"Z. "::LcroB.,~ \c~l~.
    la',,)
    ~: lAs~~ +k +wr'o\W\~ e«Cc.l~v.tAj) l-l-l;\ ':::t l "'1- \.a" )/ ,'" ,- ""70S). 'Tiv.A.s)
    w\o\o\A. ~7.f .fy6~ ~\,~ 8 ,;,63
    \-\'1.: ~.-lttl("'I-\.t'Z.s) ':: 301.1.2. k:rl~
    At$D) \~~ryo\~:h'\I\,5 i.", Ta~\-e A-"t; S-z, ':: <"'.'1100'\ kT/~. .
    stcdeJt\ ?'t ':: 3 bcvr ) 9'ts -: S~ -=t> ~'olS = 2.83~. 5 1c:'3'1l~ ( P..-O\,I.. M 8«,6.:$). Tke~)
    ,.. i\~ ~~ ':: o.es
    ~'+ = ~,- n.'t~ ("',- "''4$) : 2lf13.lf k;~/~
    F~} "t-\H?r()da.+ l"':f i", Tt:tbf.e. A· 't j S .. ':: 7. ~3qO Ic:1llcj' K.
    5k.sk 5 ~ Ps ':. .08 bAw" ) Sss :: S.., =t> ~ Sos -::. 2.ZQ7. 0 ~s/~ . Tl,e'-\) wi~ ~Tl-=' 9S
    hS:' 'h", - 'Yt-\-5 0,,,,- ~ss)
    1a"1k.5 =. 2.389.5
    5-!gU.., ~ (As.~.., ~ fu..w.p e"lc.;e~~) npl:,(h.1S-\..t<.)/(~'J-"'''')' ~s)\J.;\'\~
    ~"lcs. ~O~ ?f"()b\eM 8.63
    h..,:: h,,+ {h7S - h ,-)/ h
    r • -::. 1"111.'/,.3 Ic.j/~
    $We. Cl: S ,IMl«(l(.r'I!1 , W l+l.\ hq~ 1Yoyn Pt-oblotl"'\ e.-63
    h q :. ~ 8 .,. (l1cas - h 8) Iltpa 'Co 57 J.Slf Ic.J/~
    ~~'M.(J...!l.S +(,ow vtA:te. V'td-ios \}' ~ 'ij\l fML) Y'e,~c:h~e.l~
    '1 1 : ~ •• - \., -::. 818.3" - 5'11. 'S'f =. O. Ltt 52
    h.... ~\, 30'L\.'Z. - ttoB.-r,

    ~'( ~..,-~\'\.)t-(~9-"'''1) (.lLt52.) (I-N.1.'3 -4loB.-rC\) T" (S~I.'1"7- 17'1.23)


    ~u ~ (h",-l-\,) :=. (2.''''3.Gt - 11,/,1.'3)

    e, O. to'2.~

    ?-lo1
    n,r" +k -t-w-L,i he.. ~ ~es
    Wtl~1 =- (h,-v."\.) + (\-'j') (l.,,-k'f) -to (1-'.1'-'.1") (l.t~-I,S)
    ~ loB'}../ t.T/kg
    ~J fo-r ~ fU.wps
    Wpl~1 ::.(h,-kS) + ('-f-~-)lh7-k<.)
    =- /0.33 ~/",
    F~i).CA.l\..~) ~ -\otoJ. ~ o.clcieJ. fe,- \.\w..t" ~~, -e\o'-k.v''j ~ -k~S+ -h..rb\·~e
    ~ it
    Q~"'" \ ~\ :. (l-l,- \., 10 ) + (l-'d') (\.t 3- tt 3.) -= ').738. -, "'J'/l~
    ~s) ~ ~~, e.~LC.\~\AUj is
    '1'1 : \Nt-l~! -Wpl~, ~ O. 3't I (~ rJ) tt
    YL }... t'
    ~\\A ~,
    71.(-[0 ...r - - - - - - - - - - - -
    ""II!l
    W0IA,)l'J: The ~e~.c.Y\e.,,"Ai-W~ po~e(' O;;Jcle. i", Probl-t~ 8. S, ~.s mdAl+t.e,(
    to \'V\c..\\.A.cI.~ f.e~et.l-{" ~t ~6o lloflill\~
    Eft-Jb: Dd(.(,~iW\~ -H,.(. ~>MU-\ ~e.tlC.\f.V\CY of. tWl ~()ctZ{le~ OJ c..le,
    '5cH~ MM-I" i
    --- ---
    &wetJ D.brT'A:

    ___ JJ
    (~I )

    (\) , he.C4t~~ I
    ~~3't20F - I
    5
    Sid:
    lit·
    s wr • - .,~~' _'jU)

    4~~v""enolVs: 54me. or. ~ E,l(~l1ApIE e.e


    ANAi8 ~ (S " \,{S l'~ CCi'p Tl> P~ ':0. te do.-i-~ ~t\'\ P{'O~I-e~ 8,S<j
    \1\ ~ lSf.41.1 e>~1 (b ~C\:. ';2.41. I \ e>'t\.\{ l~
    Vt 'Z-::l'l 'let g ff>hl.I l~ \'Lb '::l "!>Co~.~g- ~N.llb
    \A", ': es,Cl,'1lf' B~/\b h" ': 3,b.2. 6kA' lb
    Vl1 -: I,ct.~" P.>hA (\\, '-"\'Z. :. '?>ib.'2. \3\ull\o
    ~8 :: 23~,\lo f>\\A./l'o
    ~~ 5 ~ f'3: z s o l'-+I'lI\~ ITl :. ttoo~F =t> 'v1~:. \~,S'.~ 6""/11:> )s3l:.1.7'Cl~ ~\
    Ske\e 4'. P't~'to l~th~~ JS't,:-sJ =t> 'lA.f,vA.P0r;, "' ... :. \').53,' ~/\b
    sto..-\:.eS: PS::l 'bll'M~ .. ss.:aS3 =t> X5'::O,8~2b) l.,s::Q<tV,5 64u./l1,
    Ff"Om +kt ~otu.h·O'-A. 10 'P("c)~\.e~ B.sq" 'i':: O.13~S, R~~rJ..tl.tg 'if'
    '1_ 't"h ... -h,'J,)"'(~&-~') (,nuS)(Co'i_'8'--~ib.2)+("1.3b,\( .. -"".gb)
    ~ - (h,,-\tl.,) .. (IJ,S3.~ - c..et.a&,)

    :. Ol{OS'(
    FOr" +~. 4uK\CH~ e. s~~s
    ""-t.l~\ -:. (\--.,-~ ...) t- (1-\;11) (~l-kl() +ll-Y'·~'· \ lk,,-'-'s-)
    :: ( lS41.1-lZqct.g,+(.~(,~S)( 1.'i1s, '3 - l2S3.et) ..... ( .1SCl'() ( 125' 3, 'I - ~4. 5)
    :L Ct>~S.& ~w/lb

    ga-Ioq
    ACI\Cl.) ..fo.r ~ ,u.IMpS
    Wpl-M) :. (~_ \1 8 ) + (1-" '-'d\l) c\.t, -n<.)
    = (~t(I.ll- 2.'3Io,lCcJ)+- C.1Sqt{) C'-,.SO-(,CJ."1'() :: 5.04 8h.&/\b

    Tke -lo-kl ( neo.:.t G\dcA.e~ clAAY";~ bO'~l;~ I slt.f>er~h·~ ~~ ~eo..-4t·~j is


    e)Cp'(~s~et po(.r u.lid: YW:t.S,S e~l~ fu -hrsf i-u.rbi"e ll.~
    Q,~l vh, ~ (~l-"'~D) T (1-\1') ( ~"3 - ~"&.)
    -: ((S41.1 -3(P~.3g) + (.~('3~) (ll(""lS.3 - l).C\~.g)

    :. (130. q 0+v.{(10
    ~ ~'4"Mt'A.l e~-c..l~\'\~ ;~

    '\1..-::=.
    W-tIM t - W,Jm, -::.
    Q,,,,I-M\
    "tVOWN: The v(l.por p0v.>e..v- ~ c\e ct- prolo\-t.m s.li5 l~ V\'\ l'Gll".(.\·e.e( -lo ~V\dwli?
    ~&-T ~~cU -\u,vb\\I\-e. cs~e. \t\t...~ 0..", e.#-t'"cievtCj cf BSc'(o ~\A..J ee..d "
    Pl\~ \\.t).s (l.\A. e.f+t.c.lCIA~ of 8o o le .
    FINO: Re.~o.-t t~ ~\A.o.~~;s 6>t Probl-eM S.'O ~ ~ 'MocA~~lk~ C<jcle.
    5cliEMPmc. i
    q\.vSJJ %~:
    For- ""ke +tc..rbme.s ~ 4
    ((00 "'F

    r T

    / __oz.- SQ.". (,~e


    I If".fl,i.. ~

    S 5
    AiSVMPIlO~ S '. S~rn~ Q.S Proble"" 8·"5"1 ~)<cef'i l1t/::' ltt1.:" It.-t,: 0.8B (l.~
    \'lp, ':. Vlp'2. =: 0.80.
    ANAk'lSl~ ~ Fvoth ProbkM S.f>S", (.,,: ISt<1.1 ek4/lb" 5,:: (.<tI"!>IS- e-k\/lb.D~) h3 =
    1415.3 P.>h.\/t'o I~) :::'1.'7'71\1 6~I\Io·DR., h,,:::. "<t.'11{ 6kA./11o, h s .:: 23&.'" 6N-llla) 1.,10=
    3Co~."!>~ pkL/llct) o..~ k u ~ ~u. : :3'"J", 2. 6Jou/lb.

    :>t4e. ~: us,~ +1Ml.. fu,rb\~e. e ftl C,e.IIlCAj ) \ttl':. l "'.-lil.. ) /, h ,- h,. s ). Tk.AA-., W\"",,-
    It\'30~ ~OM Prob\(M 8.<'5
    \1'2, ~ h. - Y4\ (h,- h'ts) = l3,QS elu 1110
    S+a,fe4'. Py ~ '10 1"·HIM~ I SCiS =~3 =t> hils::' 11.5'3," 0okA./L1o (py.obk~ ~.6S). 7h~1
    W;& \'t.t2.::' 0.9S
    h'f':: h3 - \1-t, ( h) - h'ls) = 12.80.5 8ktl&b
    F~) ji;lte\"'poI4+I~j I~ Tl4(,I«. A-LIE; s'f'=' 1.8o<t7. Bj.(AI&h.·~
    '5tedc!' 5~ Pi> -:: J '''f./,i-I~ ~ Sss =SCJ ::t> 1(.5's -::. o.1l08S.,> ~S'I' -:: /0'0.' 8kc/lb .1'k.&v\)
    wl+k 'nta :& 0.&8
    \t s -::. \''1- ~:sc.~ . . - ~5S) =1043:1. BkLllb
    'i>b·h~..,: USl"", ~ "u.~ efftC.I~~ ~ \1.PI: (h,s-r.- ..)/( h,-~c.). n.u.~1 w·\~
    ~"&~ fro~ Prob~ g.foG'"
    "'"1 -: \'1.+ {h'lS- ~ ..)/'t\.P\
    ~1.8Cf 6~llb Q

    Si-o-te'll. S\\lY\~)cc.Y'~, Wl~ h q S ~ 'ProbkM 8,~S­


    ~C\: ha+ (hC\s-ha\/V\h -::. ;{lf~,'!>'5" e~/llo
    Tke. M.W»s flow ~o..+e. 'ftl.t\.b~ ~l ~~" llAL) vespQ.(.+We~
    ' _ \.t\O-~' _ '"?~~.~2-:l<'{:l.1S" (?
    '} -
    h a. - "'\1 -
    l ~ 'Z. q , S - 31 <..0« "t..
    -
    _.
    0 .>4""
    ....

    ?-l/l
    ~'(h'-~I1.)+(h8-h~)
    lc}\1 ::
    (h~.-~., )

    - - -<"C\.8~
    := (. ('31.1.)
    ---~,-
    -(1280.S ":2. ) t- ( '3b.l~ - (,<t_Sq )
    2-
    - - - - - - - = O.(O"3.q
    - '=A.&tt)

    [=0..- +M -fu,ybl~e S~.eS


    ~-I:.l~,::, (l,,-~~) + (I-'}') (h")-k'i> t- <J-yl-~.I)n'l'1-"'5)
    :: ( 1541,1- ('!> tCiS) +(, ~ 19 )(1 'ii 5.3 - (, SooS) + (41r.~Cf )(1 '2.80.'S - 1~3. 2.)

    :. S~~.~ e>k.c.llb
    ~J ft,r-~ tv.mopS
    Wf/~, ':. (~c:s-hg) + ({_~'-'d" )(~'1-k,"\
    :: (1.4~.'7;& - 2.3(". ((. ) + c. l~~~) «,q. 'A' - "".1&1 ) :: Co.~O 0ktllJ,
    ;1ae -fcJ-(A.{ heQ.t ec.d.aeJ r~ (,\"'~+ WlASS· eKk-ri~ ~ -h~ -I-uN'bike s~ is
    Q''''/M l ::' (h,-~~o) + (1-'3·)(~"J-"',,)
    '=- (ISt(1.1-1<O&,3g) + (, ~ 1& )(LW15.3 - (1,Q,S)

    ::. r~os. ~ 13~/lb

    -rtw.~J +~ +k.e.Y"VW\.ec.l ef.kc.le\\Ccj Le


    \It = W~/-M: -w,./~. = $(g~.S -~.30 -=.0.41\ (41l01' 'VL
    Q\hl-M l3oS'.~ • 101 .......I -----=-

    i- //2-
    KrvOWN: WQJ\.er \..$ ~e WO("k',\,,\j ~lu.\& ,"", 0.. vOf>0r powef' CAdcle w'd''''
    l(eL\~ Q.\tJ. th('-ee ('~eY\eV',d\ve. teeGtw"oter heu..t~V'S, 'Da.-k.... 4Y'E
    ~\,,-tll\ C\.tVO:n.O\.\S loc.a.tiOY\.t Q.~~ tk.e V\et rowe.r lC kKOWt\. OtA.+p\A.t
    F(Nt>~ Sketch & l~ov.t o-f #.e Uciete ~\\J t(e+eV'M''''c +k -tl..e'l~(
    eUU:le~~ (A.\(..! Y\'\b.ss ~w ('~te ~~ ~ t-w~r ~Y'biKe ~~~.
    SCl~nc. i C:r\VEN t>A-TA:

    32.. MPIL) "ooOc


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    _-----i
    \ .-!!!; _
    I
    I I
    t.IIfb, +I).r!t.
    I I z,
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    8 M PClL.. ='-~--2......:n - ~_..:J""I'L.",,,"=-_J
    5
    ('! u.
    &:') ~.15 Nfl:
    )

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    (I) he~,. I
    "=-:==_:-::_,,,.!J 8
    I')..
    .5 t»~\
    \(P
    1)
    ~PI :;.o(I~'_~/I_'dIll)

    ,.

    A2~UMPTl()tJS: Sd1\'\e Q.S> 1\11 E~~k. S.fo.,


    o.s S l.lty\ P h'o",,~s 1-5" '1 (6) th.JL-
    fe~«llw«ke,. I~vi~j eQ.c~ vlo~ lAetc.~er is ..,
    Ct.t &. SCI:~""'"01I.. tf,~~ Lon-espovul;~~--------~-­
    5
    to & e.,,-\vD.c,ticM. f1"esc:.u.re , Also) ~\I:~Z.~ ~l::\1h:: 0.8S.
    MJ4l.'{S>lS ~ First.) +~)t ea.cL. Df. fu f',,"lhc.\pa( sf--res,
    St((:+e. (', f\-:::~'2.0 bQK II\:.b60°C. =t> h.::''342.4.~ \(,~/\~J ~1':.""18S'8 \c.'J'"I~,K.
    S~'2.: p~:.BO bAif') su~s,==t> h'1.S::'~O"2.2.,3 ~;r/~
    USCh9 fke -kwb, Vle ef.(.tGI·e. ~G ~
    "'.':. h,-(l-,'-~'l.s)k.t\'::. 3082,(. IA\fJ~ A\I\et S:z.~{,.2'16J kJ'(J~.1<.

    B-1 I')
    S-k&.ie.. !>,'. P3'= S(:) b'4N' J T3 :. S"O°c. ~ h 3 ... B'5lJ5.3 \c.~/~JS3:' b.'\012.lc~II,·K.
    sto*e. lot·. P<t :.10 bcc..r.j ''i;:-S3::t> ""4$:' '~'!>4.0 1c."J"1~

    h't ': h 1 - (k;-h~s)"-t1.:' 30;15.'1 k.j/lc.~ ~ s'i =7.077/ ~J"JIctj


    'S+~Je5: '5 =(,S ~a,.. 55's ::SIf ~ )(5~ = O.ct1'ti .J k;oS' :'2f#37.3 /t:'J'/[c,
    ,J

    h 5 = ~ 'i - ( k Lf - k S ~) h-l; 3 ::" .2 (pq 5. b lc j / ~ ) sS ::. 7, zzg « 1< 7/14j .1<.


    .silviek: P" =0,0" ~ew-, S(pS =$s :=.> Xb S =D.9SeQ / kbS = 2-2U,.S le'J"lt~
    h" ~ ~ s - (h s - h"s) ~+\( :')' 2.q~.'t k-J"1I~
    PI ':.0.0,," bat' sc..t.li~l(,l·d =t> h 7 = ISI.53 Jc:.:j(~

    I I
    J

    h 8 ~ h, + V; (PS -r, \
    3
    : ISI.53 ~ +(1.00"Cfxct:rS)~" (1.5-0.0,")\:>4 r
    I
    lOS rJt t \\c.:f
    '(V\ ':l.
    lIoQ,.. IO'J . "" tJ
    =- ISI.53 + O,I~ ::.151.(,1 k~{b.5

    Shtte q: rtf::' I. 5 bet..- ) SAt. / it~ic:( =t> h q ::. 4(,1, II lc:.'J"'{ 1:::5
    S.ft?1e.IO'. h,o ?C.h'l+ vqCP,o-Pq) == l.!"7.11 +(1.0526)(.(0-.'5)(3'2.0-1.5) ~ I
    ... Ll"'.L\+33.S3 = 5OD.(o4 1c.:T1/,c.!3
    Sfo.,te \l ~ f\1 ~ 32.0 ba.r ,J ilL = T S4t @ to I.e« :. 180°C -=t>
    Ex-lro.polo.-i-l"",
    USI'~ d.o-t4.. from To-hie. A-5 ~wes 1",-::' 78/.7 k3"/~

    S-b.te 12~ fl'2.::' LO ba.r ~ SCtt. t,.~lA.W( =t> P, '2. :. 7b2.8/ IeTtle,
    S1o.te. \}'. Thnrltli"9 process :::t> h 13 ::. hI.. ~ 1102..'8l k.~tk,
    5±~ l4 '. PIt( -::. 3,0 bcw ~ 7;.., -: 7"Sc-f <! 6D bC4K = 24f5·C :::¢> E~h··c:.polca.h·""
    <.t,\~ ~A. fyOM Th"le.. A-S 5 i"es J.h't 'x. /303. S ~~/iCIJ
    S-k--telS: P,S = eO loar J scr-t. li CA. i e;( =;> his -:'/3Ulh(P IcJ'/~
    6
    SWe. '''~ Tkrottll'~ pt'0c.ec;s =¢> h,,, .,.k,s ::. 131".(" kJ"/1<'5
    App\'j\\I\~ V\"\"'<;.~ Q.v.c:.l e",~r9'j Io~\cl.\"e .. s -\-0 t\M t.an-\-n,l \1CPlWM.4t elAcu,\\''''! ~
    eolocw- c..\.ese..et h~tu") ~ frCl.c.t~ of- ~ ~tow ~' e.)<-\-nA.de.J. ~-t \oCQ..+~~ ~ l,s
    0,. ~1(h7.- ~'S) +- (1)( ~ll- '-"\f)
    '-i h1't-h", __ I~03,B-'81.'
    d '.-:; ~ D, Zq$fD
    \-\'1.. - h \s '3 oe2.~ - 131«'.<-

    SIMi\o.T~ » .for tw. \0 ~~ c.Los.eJ "'efN-\e.r


    c-=- ~ll \t),+ "';it hll. +~\O- '-'11)- (Ij'+ljlt) hl-:L.

    It 0-1\1- h \0) .. 'I' ( h\'I.. - ~hCo )


    lc}. 4
    (I.-. - h \'2.)
    (7el., - SCO.(,~) -I- (. 2~c)b) (1102 .. 81- 13\1..1.)
    ":. ::. 0.051 q
    ( 302'5.( -1{,2.81)
    fRO(?l.cM 8.b1 ((ovtf'd. - P({~e 3)

    Ant!J ~r ff,.Q ope.c1 hecd'~


    D ':. 'IIU hs + (I;j' +'j ") ~ n + ( 1-':1'_~"_'j"I) lot 8 - hCf
    "or '<\
    '" :: (h1-h8)t(~'+UI')(h6-~'h3) \I
    (hs-lA.s)
    (LlC.1.\\ - lSi. eo,) """ (.~Lf.'S) (ISI."1-1ff'Z.SI)
    :. = O.ot.lCS
    ( l&l:ts.,,- ISI.,,-r)

    For +h~ ClM+rol voLurtte e~c~si~ ~ iu-YbiHe. s~er


    ~ ::'(~I-h'2.) t-(1-~')(~3-~'() +(I-y·-~")(\"~-k5')1'(I-~' ... ~I'-:1'IC}(~s-I.t,,)
    'M,
    =(3l.f2\(lb- 3D€>1..(,,) + (.'OL(4)(35'f5.? -'3e2S.7)
    C"SZS) (3D2.5.1-2.h~S.(,) t <'C.llD) (2"qS .... - Z.Z~b.' )
    ::: Llfol.4/ Ic:~r/~
    A~) fft; +kt. pCAMpS
    ~, = (h 10- hq ) t (1- 'j'- 'j " - 'j ,.. ) (~s - ~"1 )
    :: (5'~O.<.l(-'H1.U)+ (.(,/20 )(ns(."1-ISI.53)::. 33."21c:r1~
    ;k<L fo4-a.( rate of. heeet ~s~e.r .for ~ boiled~<.AfelfhetIC:f-er ~~ y~te~
    per «",i.t ~ss of sl~rt\ el'l.J-e v i"1 t/.u- +t'"'T fw-bi~e s~(.... ;.$
    Q~~
    'M,
    :: (h,-~ l't) + (\-'j') ( h)-~"Z.)
    \.
    :: (~cf~~," - \30~.8) + (.104~) (3S((S. 3 - 3082.~)
    :: 2"t ~b.1 lc.;r/tor,
    -rluA.s +~ tken~,d e.f.f.lc.·,-e\'\~ is
    I

    \1\..= W-tIM,.- Wp/m) :: 1,"i.lI - 33·~2 _ D


    ,...
    ~')\
    /.
    Yh I z.. e.t Ltb '-1 - O.4(j13( 'l(o.3 Yo) tliitlliil----

    The ne.t 4lowe.\"" o.evQ.lope.e( b~ ~ ~dQ. ~s


    W~de ::. 'M t [W+./ M , - w.. /~ll
    O\'", W·l+lA. W~tl4. ~ 500 '""w J ~ rLcw V'oi<L~, loS

    '_ vJ Cj Co\'42.
    Y\"\, - l Wolf~, _ wp/""'J
    _ (soOl4w) Ilo3k~lsI13"oosl : '.SBB ~(.C ""j/h... ~,
    ( .lIb1.~- 33."l) \';3'/~ l ~w \k
    PROBLE~ B. ~'6

    I
    , (I-'d'- 'if I!"\J''')
    =-:.........;;Jr----,7

    ~ltl)
    ,---
    (I)
    (1) op-ell\

    to
    I
    I
    ' __
    ~e.,d'e,.­

    - __I
    ,
    I

    1$ Ii>

    !,sSVM.pnoL?s" SO:M~ as l\l\ E}Q)-~\e ,


    8.b '- 4:SSlA-~p1'iOrl.s 1-5j I
    I
    ~)<C-eV+ ""-4:.I .... ~"l. -:a 'i\~l .... "V\+'( ~ Y:\~l'" ,88. I
    A'~o.. +\,...c. ·hUWCA..\-c.f" I-eA"I~ e.~c'" 1"1
    \
    eltlSe"t \\.eDI.~~ is o.t- fu Sc.\UNco\:k~
    .....~M."'-vtc. C.()fVUfo~" io ~
    e. ~kc.~ 'P('e~'iu.'I'«. .

    ANAt..ySIS ~ F,'vs't" ~lX e().cl", of- +t.u. ,Y\~c~Q.{ s'k-\-e.s:.


    Sto.:te. Pt = I Soo &b.c.l,i.t~ J T; -= 1I00l>F '=t> l1 e :: tSq2S' BIWtb" s. =
    I: 6k.\/lhoe '.",st
    s-lo:k.~~ F';'5t,J'a="C90 ,j,-?hiA.~ oJ s2.s .... s. =t> "'~S:. /385.3 8/-u/lb. ()Jilt....
    ~ ftwb,·",c. ef+lc,i",e.y
    n. =- h J - l\-t:, Che • hz.s ) = lCiCl/.2, 6kA./1I.
    A1Ae:t.) 1'\1. i-~ vpoIA..4-,·"" i'" T Ao"'Je. A-4 ~ soZ. -:. / .63/5 .8fu.Of,. OR
    [f- //{P
    SfAk3~ SI~i.'tlU'~) n~s:: /'-5'1.0 efu.llh l ~ h3 a h ..-VLt-a{h2.-l'\,s)
    :: I 171.·0 &kA./I~. J='ro~ Ttlb\€. A--~.; Ss -::: 1.6507 b\-u/(~' OR.
    StG.te.L{: SIMilQ. r ~) h"s = 122.'.7 G"""/I"J().~ h,,:.h 3 - 'ltJt'-'_-Lu )
    ::: /2'32./ B+v."~. From TQ.~k A-'t j S..,. 0:. l.l:ISfg't 8i\A./lb ,of<
    stdte 5: 'PS =100 lbf{l~': ,15 =,oooop 4> 1-.5 :. /S 3'2.1 8Mllb.l SS::' /.q2.0'l ~~
    S~e. ~: t"~l('C.t~ J S'S :'SS =t> !It,s = /315.S 9k\/IIo. w,.~ -fLa..
    P,:: 20
    41M-b,i4e ~Ul'\~lo\.',j h" -:: l-\s - 'nt4 ( \1 5 - h",,) ': H1I1'.S b~/'£'. F...o~
    Ttt.!'l~ A-Lf j .s".:. /.q,SS 8Wlb.
    s..J.aA.e '7: SIM ilQ.r-"J .> 1'7~ ':0 .'IS').,-/, J h7 S =- /oB7.5 J Cl.~ h7:a he. - n-!s(),e.- h7 S)
    '=-1/1 B.o 8:l-u1l1o
    S~+e 8: 'Fe:.1 \bfll.~~ JscU. J i~\A.~ =t> h 8 :. ("'t.'1y. akA I U,
    SMeq·. l-J 1 ':f, ~B of- '\rQ (Pli-PS)

    . . "~.''f ~ + (.o,e.,'1 ~)tl'l~~ "''l~ ~:1Oi I(~O-') \i:-z:


    ="q. 80 &kAJ (b
    s~ 10'. f.o:' '2.0 II.;'(,,"~) s~. 1il>\A.~ ::::t> h l o :' /tf~.2c.. e~/tlo
    s-kk. u : Pt,"=- /800 l~"(l"'?:' ,Sl/-=-$.O-:' 0.3358 61-u./lb··~. J)6u.bl", l·",l-~rpol(ll."'·et\
    is T,,/DI-e It-s. 3VJes hll~ ~0'3.~8 6~/I".
    $~1e 12.: ~ I Qoo lb.t/I·II\~ J Tj.,. -.::. TsCcJt- @ tbO Ic.+ll~~ ":. 3b 3.to
    'P13 6) F =t> l>owt?l~
    11I\-kV'pol~tloY'. ill\ Table }c-S {J\ves h,-a.= 3~t:t.JO 1Pl-u-/\,\o
    p, 3 .... J 800 Ib~l ,,,,2; .J "Tj ~ :: TSec.t <! boo 'lt~li~~ :: '186.3 OF ~ 'Dol.\~e.
    S+cA..+e. \'3:
    i"'\-eV'po\~tl~ i", TAbl~ ,+- 5 ~W~ h I~ = 412.22. 8w../lb
    t5We. tY: fl" -::: bo(:) \~~lt",': oJ ;~:+. 11\\.\.\..( '::t>- ""c.c ':. 4.,1.'" e~l\b
    S~e. \ s: 1\wotth'k:1 f'(oce~s =:> hiS -:: h ''I -: Yll. ., 84-utll,
    Sf6.-4-e l~ ~ p,,, -:. /&0 '''.f.ld~~ J sa-f. tl·~\A.l.c( =:> hi" ".33£>.2 af\,./llt>
    s~-f~ L"1~ Thro#ll'M1 'PY'oc.e.,S =t> hi'-=- k,G. -::. 336.'2. B-k4/t.b
    App\.~ \~1 V\l\t.(.SS ~ eV\e~ ~ n:d"e bA,la.lI\c.es 40 +~€ t..O"i\..'wo\ \1elM.Me. eVicAos,~
    ~e. (peo 1't.c.h,,-7 c.loseJ l-Lecd"er I f'l..A .fyn.c.~ o~ ~ ~w 'a f €x~+eeO Q...t
    \O~~4 is
    0" ~'( h1. - 'n,~ \ -t ( ""1",- h,'3)
    ov- '1' ~ ""~ -V'.,"1. -:c. ",,\,'2.'2.'2. - ~1>ct.\O -::. CU4'2.B
    \\"1- - h l.'"t 1'"OY •'2. - "t 1L.'1

    S\~'\~Y't~, ..fo.r fu. IbO l\'","IC",~ n~o..+er


    0,; ~" h 3 ... ~I hiS - (Cj' .... ~'.) h l Co + Cl-t ll - h\"1.)
    or ~\l ':. (\.tl"30-~\r) + 'ii' ( h,,, - ~\S')
    (~~ - ~\Co )
    :: (331,\0 -2 03.28)+(.11.(7.9) (3~6.2- 4"11."1)
    = 0./21./5
    (\'2."1'2..0 - 33(,.2.)
    K-117
    'PROBLEM 8'b8 ((o"dd.)

    A\ ~o J .f.e'l"' ~ &feN\. ~e.lwM~r: hetA.~ v:


    o c 'a\l,( h~ +(~''''~'') hI, 1" (I-Ij'-~"- ~I") ~~ - h,~
    or \..1\\\:, (\-tlo-k q ) t-(~f+'jlt) (1,,1- h,,)
    <J (\-\c. - ~,)
    (I 't~.1." - 19'1.f:>o') + (.1-~-r 3) ( b~.8 0 - 33".2.)
    e, ::. 0.0 ({ 3 'I
    (l~qt.5 - "CJ.~o)
    ~r '!'~ conf-tbl v~l.u.~e. ell\c.Los,·""S fi,.e +uNb\~e. &~S

    W:, =(t".-l.,'&.) ,. (l_~') (~'2.- ~3 ) + ( I-'j'-'j" )g ~ ~- \"'4 ) + (hS -h,,)J T ( l-J'-"I'- ~.,,) (~(.-k'l)
    ~ (ISq 4. s - \ ~o\f:z.) +(.65'12.)( 1"\04.7. - \ 7.'"1..0) + (.1321) [ (I '2.,2..0 - 17.32.1)
    -t- (I r 3'2.1 - 1'3&11.5)] + (.~8et ~)( 13t1f. 5 - '118.0) :::. S111. ~ b~/\b
    Anc=L).fer +k.e flA-~s
    "
    ~ ~(h"-"'LO) + (\-'j'_'j"_\j'") (~4f-l-t8)
    -=-(2.03.2.8 - l~b.'l.(") + (.IoSC\3)( "~.Bo- ~Cf.'1~) =7.0/0 f>kA./Ib
    ~~ +ok( yo.tc. e{ ke((.+ -h-o..IA.$+er {.o-r +Wz. bOdev-ISUfe\' ~eo-te.tr ~ y.eke,d~"j
    -reV"" IA.M-b.. ~"c;s bf Sbm e\l\+-e'l'\'\,\3 1Wt ~Y.&+ tuK\:nv..e ~~.Q., l..1
    ~ ::.(~.-l-lL"3) + (l-tl'-'j")Cks-h,,)
    Y\I\,
    : (t5"4 2 . 5- 'il2..-Z:Z.) + (.i32.7)( 1532.1-12.32,1)': 12liO.1 8kA./l.b

    -rbs I +~ +"'-:-" M.CA \ e ~~ic.i-e''\c~ l So


    VL -=- \/'Jot l~~ - 'Wpl~, :. ...;5:;...1..;...1l_"_b_-_7_.0_b_ ~ O.q~O C4 q . OO(o ) '4 'V\..
    Q,'",l-A, 12.'to. I

    '11Ae. net ~ovJ«, t1-t"e.l.~ecl b~ ~ ~c-le.. is


    W~c.\e. ~ \'hi l W~/~, - Wp{~\1
    orJ \.I"I~ W~c.le..::' 3XlO' f>\v.J~.> +u flew'rCcle M,fs
    °
    ~

    \J\:. _ Weyc.\e. 3 X.l q ~+u..) k 1'1 fo "I ..


    ''''-r." . ~ ::.S.2c~){lO U'h "Nl,
    LW-b (oM, - W p t ~J C~ '1"- (g - '1.ob J ~Ii 17 'olIil-qf---~

    T~e. \\eA-+ t"'~+e. -......... he.o.-t:. o-cldec:l to -+"'-.A. cyc./e


    0... \) ....... t ",~t- I»U"'~ Co1..u- "tA:t- - e- Cj i lie "" l1c re b ~
    ~ ~\~ -::. (S.2.8'~IbCt -e- )(14 ~o.1 e~/I,,)
    \Nc1 tlt. 31-10 ct -e+v.1 h.
    kNOWN: S~'U1/1 tH1c-{ ttm Mo H i~ fltte wo Y{" I iA~ fll.Li.els ,i1 C\. hi ~a.r~
    01 v-.e.
    V~OY' roweor c.~ ele: c.oVlsi~-J- ill15 ()f fwD ,. d-€.C4.1 KtH,l"k€ ~c~.s,
    1t1.e hetX-r reJected fr-oWl fue CAJc{e is p'roviJed -to 'ft.e.
    SteAM
    OeM me) nlo: Uj de, J;txf-a. a,re kl1.d>CNn O:f variOUS l~Ca.+LO)'\S,
    ])ef.evml'he (0.) fhe.. p,0wev-ol):f6>Ltt et- -t!Ae sfe.a.m ('hld t.lrnrnonl4
    ~hti1esJ re"pechllel~ )<'b) .the y-a,te o~ "'eeet v.dt!itL"m1 10 -ftte. CtJcle J
    o~ (c) itte 1iAerfM,-{ e.(f£G,eu~ ,
    5CIJ.GMM1' I p LVGA) 12.+TA: e. =00 l:1or
    --=--=-=-==-=;:
    ~ «sore
    = (,L(,OOt: __ so-t, vu.po("
    ~ I T, ~ _~
    .- --
    c-fI-+----1. s!-e;."" Arn1MoN~'I~_
    b.u/~\~ tu ... J,iWDJ'-1~
    - --
    2. :

    i\
    ~ .3 5'lf"1' c( Pc.=IOL.ar
    W.5p ~=bOoC W~p S&o.t,l,'~,
    ASSUMPTl OJJS: (I) Ea.c"," COV\f\p0\'le\A.t ',t OlW"A.l'::l'2.e~ c..s e, CbYlfrol voLu.the Q:{ S.f.e ce eb:1
    sjnfe.Cz,) ..\lJ proce,"se~ o~ tke wo....fL\~j .flu.'lets Are ;J'\ferM lL~ y.eversible .e xcept
    \~+tte \V\te..,c.ovH'\ec.h~ \\e.a.t U~Wjer,(3) -rh.e.('e~re no s+m.~ heCl'.t ~~tfei'S'
    froM +he 'kl.r~\·~e~ or tke.. k~t e,xcIMA~jer,(&.O k1ii\e.+i, ~ for~V\+\~' (\I\er1~
    effects ce, \1\ ~e \0\ ~ led'e et
    A-N4tYSlS: first Jf\x e().ClA 0+ fn~c.~p",( sJ·.:;tYs, {orsl-eo-Wi} u.se 70bles A-2.A~A-t.t,
    Sfcde, l: p.:: "c> hCAlr I 7i =. ''loOe =t> hi :: 37S2.lo lc~llc., I ~l : 7.Z7£ I Ic::r/lc.,
    5faiez.: Tz = T3 :' #H).' I S~-=Sl ~ -"'L= D.qtOI J h2-= 23Q1.i? kJ'l~
    5ta-te. 3: T 3 ="
    04>t:. J S'o.f,I,'t ",'t:II ~ h -= .2 S ,.13 lc:rlLCj ) IT,J = 1,0172 )(/0-'",,3 /r~
    3
    Sofa-fell', he.,~ h .. +- If'.sLp,,,-Pa ) j PlI =D.I4i14.bcv'
    ~
    kt{ :: 2':>1,13 T(l'Ol-Z2.x:,o-3:;~)("~-O'l"l1'f)~4.r
    ill I lOs NtYll\~
    ,Io~""
    II \0'''''''''' I
    I k.J"

    -:: "51.13 + b.053 ::: :251,)" kJ"/~


    Now, for ArnmOll\IA I U~e Ta.bJes A-l3 4.h.d A-L'I,
    5tare a.: Tao:: 50°C. JSQ,t,'1Tapor =t> h4 = J4'11,'Z.b kJ'J~ J sA. -= '1."'''01.( kJ"(I~,K.
    5+a.te b: Pb :: Pt:. :: 10 b(A.Y' J s b .. Sa =t> )( ~ =o,'L31 2 J hb = /383.0 Ic~l~
    stale c. " Fe.:: lobar I sc<:f.liguiof :t> he.:: 2'ii,7b lc.J'1~ I~ = l.i958'1'X10- 3 rt13/~
    ~: hoL~h~-r 1rc(p~-pc.); PA =Pe. '=-2e!>.33J ba.f'
    Vta( :. 2Q7,1(" + {1,foS8QXto- 3 ) ( 2 0 , 3 3 1- lo ) ('00) -= 2'1'1.117 k'3'l/~

    (a) To aek,,,.WlI·UC. fhe pDwer'" <9wt red


    ef eac.lA .J..<'U·~I;'e. J toe: mus} f,itd, ike mAss
    fJo~ ra~s ~s a.M ~'" -fortfU. Sf€4lNl a~J c.mwtDHi~ ~c.(e'lr-especfLile~,
    J:Je~I/I\YJIY1~ Wt-rk rK((~S a.a.u;.( e.He,.~~ nue bCt.la.Kces for +it(/. '~'k?(,... co""1)ecf'iI\1
    ltlea.t e1CcL\o."",ef"
    PRO(3t€M 8.roQ (CoKi'(,O

    0::. mS ( h7.- h3 ) + n14l. ( h~- Vt~)


    ~~... h-z.-[", ... 23'11.0 -25}.13
    V\1S - h,,-l-to( - 1'-17/.1-' - 2?f.'t7

    F()r" +11~ Stea.M cCj cleo

    ~~Ck-Js ~ Ws t -Wsp ~ ~.s[Ch,-h'Z.) -Ch'(-lA J >]


    )rv...J. I fey- f1,4e. o: m MO}i\ i tl. cc~ de
    W~dcJa :: Wal; - WA,p -= m~ [Chtchb) -(hol-lt,)]
    . . .
    Nofd,1 3 tkc4- ""''jef.~. = W c.':fc.1c IS+- W c.l.Jcl~ J o: a ~e.t Cc1l"\b I ~I~j

    VJc.~<Ie = WI.s {W,,- k~) .; I.. q- "'3)] +( ~... )[( 1..0: 1..,,) -( 1.,.,( - h e )J}
    501vI Y\j .
    , W C1f e(c.
    \'V\ :. -
    S ( (~I ... l-t,) - (~ 'i - h 3 ) ) ~ ( ~ ) 1. 0,,,- h b) - ( (,,0( - hc)]
    M~

    ( .2 0 MW ) II 0 ~ kJ ( $
    = [(13S5)-«(,.08)J +(1.83'2.)((88.2(,)-(1.1/)] kJ'{k, I MoW

    ~ /3.21 k.~ls
    ~G.':. \.832 ~~:: 2"#.31 \c.~ls

    Fl~Al\<j ,
    . .
    St = W\ S ("',-'-.7.) = I,.tt8 MW......
    W Wst
    .=.o

    W0. + ~ "" 4l\ ( h4 - ~ ~, :: 1.' 5 ~ \AI 4I~"'""-------------~


    Chl ThJl. riMe. of ~~t (A.Ml+l~ i"
    Q,,,, ':. ~s (~l- Lt'()
    = ~~.21 k~)("3152."
    s -.2~7.2.1)1cl"
    Ic.j
    I ~ MvJ,,\
    10 lcJ s ,
    QiV\
    ::. &.lfo. -08 ~w""'fil
    ..I------------------_~:.:..
    (C.) 1~e ~e.~W\O.( e ~~lG'~ \1\ c.Cj i.e
    "l~ W..Go,'",
    CAfc.\~:. L.l~.~8
    20 ':. 0.431 (43.1%)4
    ~---------....;:;..

    8' -l2-0
    'PROBLEM 8·10
    tc ... OloD ~ '. 0 p. t'ell +i t\~ c:l ..-\... C)..W"e provided -to.... 0.. bl"'4t'~ V--por c'1 c Le
    cOIII£i£\-i"" of ~ ~41\ ... i f' clele.s wit"'- S_A""", ~""cl ak4-.e.""""D.. A-' -t-k.e... c...or~'k",
    fl~"th.

    ~: (A) for -l1-- b.~'1 C'JcLej ~ehV'"""",·1'\.A. +&-.. 1 u .. lif; Ai- ...."'~ ~~,'f cJf eAtCk
    turbl·v\e.) tlo.4a IMAU ~w rD-re of eAC.~ ~o~Ic.&·"'5 f-t","ci) A",~ +"'-4. 0 u-eV'o..lI
    +"~r"""'" ~#·c.A.If\.(I' (b) Co-y.>Ate +""'-' p~r foY'IN>.4I1\U ~ ~ ~·"""le. l4.~lc.(he.
    C'lcle US'Il"j /,JJlA.fer A.J r"'-f wo ... k"""j :ftv,'d, ct>rld.,u,'.-." «..X'rS'°F.
    ,S c ~"t M"'" C. &. Co, Vt,.N 1>I\711\!

    A ~~u M P T'ONS',
    I· (o",frol YOlullll\~J ~""C/tI.sI~-t~
    PV''''c4PM c:...o~olo'le .... h A.fe Ai-
    p, ~~90'D s~,.,oy s~+e.
    l'\r':.IOOcro 2· T k.& .f1..t,.0. ~ .s &<."'- c:l p" ""'1S O " ,,-(1. re
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    8 5 1
    . ...,
    Wp'2. WPa
    Ps ::' PI, =- e. '15M&..
    ASSUMPUONS: (\) E6C\A c..o\'\~\ \(olu.m~ s\"OW'l'\ is o-t s+e~ S1--\e.. <J.)-rt..e.
    4tw'o,\.te.'i>t",-~es o..\i\.cJ. fu ~~s ~Q.ro.te. ddiOlb~tlUlll~~ l.lJi~ V\-t,':.~"\:.~-=.8~
    o.~ V\f''"'~f1.:' o.s . (3) ~\~e.+U:.. ~ f()\-~.v\+\a.( e'\l\e'r9~ effeq-s ~ Y\~\ i~'L,I-e.
    (4) T~~ c.o~e~ser ~U"tAA-~.s o.:r
    o.OS \Dcws) (J-id''''' ~ C.OIAd.Q.v.s~e. lea.Vl~ ~
    so..\-uN'Clt~ \ \\u.t&..
    ANAL.'lSLS: Fi"rstJ -flx eG\.C~ ct f\,..t. fV'l~C:\.Pa.\ s-\·,c:\es_
    S+a:te. \~ fl.=- 80 btH" I i, :.'t~o·c. ==t> ~,::'3348.lf \G~'~ )s\'::. ~."58("~:l<.
    Sto..te. "2.. ~ f \V'st J f'2.:' to lei cwo s S z.~ ~ s , =t> ~ 2. os :. 2 B u. S \c.'J"1 ~ • US \I".~ ~
    ~,~ e.«-lc.\e~~
    Vl.t,:. ~'-~
    \ - -z.s
    ~ h'2.= hl-'Y\.t:'20("'j-~t.S) =-;t8S6.1 1c.:r/L.-
    '""'J
    Abo, ~Y\f\ TA\'\e ~-"t ) 52,::L b. $l '33 \c:f l '-=,. \C:.
    S~ie 3 ~ S \~\\G\Y~ .) 'P3:' 0.06 \>QN I S:&S ~S2. =t> h '35 :. 2l3/.S k:r (k.j .
    ~ "''3-~'2.-'\t-2.( "''l.-~'53\ :::.2.2.'57.2. 'c::r(~
    sWe.I:t- "'< : . O.oS \"GVI' I seJ.t. l i\~ =t> ~tt::' '1'3 .88 \:.~( ~
    ~We 5 ~ "" S~ "" "\T 1]",( <. \>5 -?")
    ::. \,3.'38
    ~
    sr+-('.OO~4-}('lO-'3)~(~.s-oe)'o
    \..:. \uj.
    !IO>tJI..2. 11 l"-J
    CAk' . \ \DaK' ~ O!f\J'M I \ I
    :: \1 '3,«oet- O.9.S ':. \"l'{.S3 'e;r(~
    l.t«>\~~ fu ()\A.'Mf e.~\~\A~) 'v1 s ::. \-'~t"(\-'s:>-h't)/nf' =. 1'15.01 1c.J'/~
    3kk ~ '. f Co ~ ll, S \,cw ) T,,::. 120·(.. d;> esh""", ~ "" (" v..~ \ ~
    ~(" ~ "'09 tTl.) + U"f (Tb) [ f - 'SCl.t( To )1
    wi~ Mil\. WaM To.~\e A-2-
    "'10 5"3,"
    e, + (1.0"03 X(C-') (".S" l.'lBS) IT;,so·I::. 50'+.5 ks/~
    S-late.1: To t-l)( s\o.te -r , (.01.'s·lcAc.v- fu ~'u<. 'Wi
    of S-\reQ.M.S 5 ~~ ~
    -\-0 ~y~ S"'!<-eA.M", l=-roY'" ~ ~ \,,~~ k;'~) 'Wl, "=-lOb ~l k ~ ~ ...
    o.~ "M'20-=-'MI.::' Ltx,-os ~/~, T\W..s.-rrom ~ ~c;s bGl\Gt~ce.
    ""'5 : . -.M, --MI.. ::. ~ 'XlOS ~I h
    1\u..ls I Ctfp\~l~5 o.\A e,,,,eV'5~ oolaMce
    0:. --MS ~S -\- -Mlo ~~- oM, ~1
    or
    h 'l =.--MS "'s ~ -M ~ \t\...
    'VV\1
    = 3e{,. 8~ ,,:r I~
    SWe 8 '. '" 8.)""" ~, + '\.r"l (r 8 - P1 ). 1:f h'1 ':0 1 SOc. \S"', ~ .O'2.S''t ~(03)t;
    J

    i'\v.l~ "'8S~ ~OIo.~4'~OlS'}}C(O"')(80-'t.S) I~I::. ~ll.{d \c.J/~


    \JJ\~ ~ ~v..~ e-H-lc.\,t",Uj ) hS =~1T ('n8S-~')/Y\f~::' 3lS.S8 \c.~/~
    (0..) 1k. \\eo..~\'\9 \ oo.J. .\~

    Ql 0 o.J. ~ ~. c. \r."4- "'(0) -=- ~ )(05 "~ )( 2.B8" .1- So'l, 5) ~ ,

    :. 't, 52.'t K(O B Ic.3" /"'''''''lioodf--------------~~


    ~loJ

    (b) For ·Hu. tcy\;\Tt>l \fe-lIAM<, e",cAo~\~ t~ 'I·'l.vt'b\·\.\~

    Wt =- ~,"" \ -~L ~'Z. - ~3 "" '3


    : . qK(O") (~1> "l8. 4-) - (If XlOS) (288(..,.1) - (6 XlOS ) (2:2.'31. 2 )
    .
    -::. B.5t4'~lO€> ~~/h ~ 2'3",500 k=.W 0llliil
    4 _ - - - - - - - ---=-
    W-f;

    (c.) For ~ WOY'~~"'~ ~~ (>fAS~\~ ~\A.9~ +\M. S+eA.~ ~e"'~(l.-\e'"

    Q\,-, ::. -M \ (~l-l, 8)


    .
    =Ql<.{O<O) (33l{S.Lf - 3t 5,88) = ~. 032 XlO'\ le"J /h 44----.;;;;:.:.:0
    QiVlo
    I<NOWN: Wttfer is +he worbiA~ flu.lC-( ilA Q. c~qe ... e("a-+~ S<jSk.M J>rovidl~'
    power (;lYlcl proce,,~sfetA.M. J)a.fa. are Ic.KOWh a,t var-ious locaf(iJ~.
    E.l.6l12: ::D-ekr'J,tu'Vle (0.) fhe. rate t:i.t whicl... sfe4r11 i.s eKIra-efcd, (J,) -the nef
    p,0we.r de '(e./()p~d bfj fhe ':'Ie/e.,l . (c) tlte. rate Df tiea.t HunJfer fo
    '-lite worlG,61Q fluii( fDa.SS'-u a -rJ\roUA~ ftte sfeAm (lellfey-~for, CV\c:l
    eJf t~ ~t r-J:te... J J - 11 ,/
    SaifttA-Tlc t (,LVEN pArA: W
    I ~t
    ASSUMPTIoNS: (I) EaclA cOK+ro1
    voLLtme sk ()~1\ is Ctt &reec.etCj smie. - - - . ,. 2 - - - ..- I
    ._.
    P2 = 30 Ibf/in. 2
    3

    (2) t:~c~ tu.rfo,.,c. s~eJ p"'n.c.p) ~tl~ M1...- J ~e'V't


    -the tJptvt ~eedwcde" hea.ter of€yY.t;k
    a.dL~ ba.{-i"4.lL~. (3 J Far tk e. -I-U...Io,i-tc.) ~ m'caj = 20,000 Ib/h
    Vlfl -= hh.:: D.S" tA.tou{ tkL (f1L\K.CfS
    op«.aXil. '1 ~el1-fyopic,d~ . (If) l< li.\ el-lc.. Throttling

    a. ""J. o>().J.elA.h~( e~~r"3Cj eUeck a~


    valve
    Process
    heat Condenser
    ne3( i~ i!ole. 7
    load 1 Ibf/in. 2

    AN~'{S{S: t='lrsfJ tix eoclc "f rhe Condensate


    P,.t"'JIlG i ped .s+aJe.s. ,--
    loss 4
    Sal.
    I 120'F
    'J,;/,i.tL ) ~ =700°F
    I liquid
    S-fa..-Ie i : p,:: (000 I Open H+-----'--l6--' 14.7 Ibf/in.2
    ""l'l!l--t--ifeedwater I

    .:::t> hi:: 13SD.lD ekA/lh)s,= I.S~12. ~k&/lb",e WP2- Sal. I


    I heater ~----+-----.

    liquid - -.-_.
    I 5

    stale. z: Pz =30 Ibfil"IIIt, s~s =. 5. > 14.7 Ibf/in. 2 T8


    X'z., = O.c=:t'SGt Q.~ Itt2,.S:: t084.5 Bft4/l£, Make-up
    water
    l.tsl1)1 t\\-e. 4u.yb\~e. ef{.~l~"'~ m..
    60'F, 14.7 Ibf/in. 2
    1t12.: h,- V\t'(~I-hz.s)=I1I~.4' Blu,'b
    FW"~.(', Xoz.= O.~~q3 ~ ,s'Z,:. ""32.1 ekt/lb'o~
    ~ P3 = I Ibf/l;,,1.) 53 $ :: $2,. =t> X 3.s :: O.8IZSS) ltt 3 S ='Ill. s,/ efu/lb
    lit 3:: ["2. - VIi ~ ( h2.- h3') ::: q~ b .12. 6.J«f lb
    ~fe lf~ p,# = 1 IJ,f.1 1~2.." s ai, 1iiui t)( • ~,,::, q. 7tf 8 fullb J V;; =0,0 liDltf ./-f3/lb
    ~fm5~ Ps :. 1C(.1 Ib/ll i-t~ J hs -:t. ~ V of- 1Ft.{ C'fs - P"1 )
    ~5 :: "'1.ll( +- (.Olh/V "%3)( l~.1- r ) f~ 1/~L{~ill'1~8ti~(};F1
    = ~'_1"1+ 0.041 ::. "'.78 61u/lb
    ~: k" 'X. l,f (T,,) ::: B 8 .eo 8~/lb
    ~: Thro+fI,;'~ v~(v~ =C> h;~ h1.::' 11/".4 e~/lb
    5ft:JeB: hS ~ hf(Te) : ;2.8,08 GkA 11k
    S+a:t€ ~ '. Pq=llf.7 lbfl,·,,2. J Sc4.lifui&< ~ t-t,= IBO.ts Gft,4/1bJ1!9::0.0Ib7l H3/1b

    ~ p,' 0 -::. p. ~ b<!)O \"f'lll.-\~


    I

    h,o ~ hlj+ ~ CP,o- Pet)


    =. 180, (S + (0.01(,,12) (boo - lV.1) I~~~ I
    ::. 180.IS t I.SI .:: l82.'i(" Bfu/lb
    a
    (tA.) To {I lit .fk.e. yak~ ett wkic~ 6t-e.4m is eKtrfAcf-e.&') vVtelC+-) COh~ l.·d~r fke
    covr.hr>1 v~lurne e~c.lt:>.sliA5 -the. Clfe.Vl feedWM-e'- ~ece..fer.
    Yh'1 '= nflc"f- ~ 10 Q.et
    o = ~,
    .,
    "', 1" m" V\.c, ... ~s
    • L ,
    11\5 ... ~w
    "
    "'~ - ~I h'l
    . "7
    V\A =-~,
    4
    :: SOpDO
    -- - • ,
    , W\'\j, ~

    W\, = W,ed- n.;lo~ ~cxt - 'Z. 20,000 I


    ~.., -=. (. S) ~ lod = (° 1° 0 0
    .... q 1 o~", I '" , ,
    'vVt s = ~,- ~e1<+ ':. sopOO - ~c"t
    -
    -M" , I
    hee.ttet'" IWi s ':. ~ ,- \I\Ile'lK+
    __ ~I s
    ~w ~ (.s) -M \000Al :: Io.oeo -
    - i'
    J~serh~Cj -f/r..ese fet~4-Um.s J ~\I\.J Sol VI~' +or
    ~ exfmtttan +Law rcde ~w = (,S) tV. lo~-<
    (The. rlI\"'''e.-~ .f.lot/l) M.\l&t
    ~'lo\.4l.l -I'ke. cet\~~ie. \ u.s.)
    :. 50Jo~o hq + ;}.op~ "'] - /0,000 h" -So,O(!JD l.t s -IO,OOc> kg
    (I.,i-k~)
    = (Sopc!>o)( 180.1 s) t-(J.o.,ooo) (II' ".«) -Q.o,OOO)( 88) - (Sqooo) ((,q. 78) -(19000 ) (2.8D8)
    (I J/fD.'1- '1.,8)

    = 25,500 lb I ~ -E-4f-.-------------------......;;;
    (b) For +he +u.(bl~e. cowo»! vol"'me.
    We =- n-1, t., J - n;e>ct 1,,1 - (hf\ I - tvie>c#-) ~3
    = (S~IDOO ~ )( I~ se.s 6*, -Q- 5J Soo )( 1I1".lf ) - Ql(,50oJUf 3"./2.)
    :: l,fol3 XlD '1 e-kA{~
    For -f-he 'ftA.lMfs
    Wp :: Wp, + Wp-,. = (V\-\\-~e... t-)(hs-~"J) + ~,('-',o-"''1)
    :: ~4,500)(C?'I.18 - b'l.14) of- (so, 000) ( 182.<:t" - 180, IS)

    :: I. L/ IS Xl 0 S &h.< ItA
    The. V\et -power &.evelc?ptet is
    W~cl~ :: Wt - Wp :: 1.59Q >'lo"16J-u.ltt..,

    (C.) "'T1A.e hectt "1I\,~t is


    ci'k -: :. ~ Ch ,- ~ 10) =(50/000
    I )( 13 Sc!>.lo - 19l.~b)
    :: s: elf xlO 7 ~+u IfA .....1 '--- ___

    ld) T~ hR~t ro.te - f~e heo...t- o..cided +0 f~ "'tc.1e....+O f"'o"Owc.e. Cl UH,'t 01


    \I\~ t l..\:) CIt" ~ o"'-*" r~'" - ~ ~ i ~~~ V\en~. by
    nu,+nJ,.te=
    ~i",
    ,~. :
    5".'a+~/Ol' 13W"'- 13+1'3I1W~)= 11./lj.l.~ ~ <!
    '\IV t:'tcle.. , •'S"ete:t '/. 10'" eftA I h. ' te. W t\V' h
    PR08LEJvI 8.7§

    1.5 bar
    To industrial
    process

    s
    !rssv MPTlONS: (I) l:a.ct,.. coMP0v\ e\A.t 'l~ (). V\(L~ -c.eJ. o.l) c, tol\.trol volwrL", a...t
    st~ s~. (2.) All +u,v-b,~es ~ ~s ~ ise\Ahepiee-.l'-\1. (3) Th~ .
    ~ vollA-~e o-V'Ov..Y\.A.. ~ lV\+e.V"-c.oV\W\ecfl~j ~eC\~ .t.)(ckc:\~e.r h 4t.tltlloa,tlc:..
    (4-, "lV\~Hc. ~w:l eok.",:\{d <LV\eYg~ eUects Clv-e. V\~~\,~,b,~.(5) .so..~eJ.
    1i\\M.c.\. t.Xl-\s e~~ ~eV\ser- 0..1- +l-Jt resfe.ct·w~ rV'("~lA.'I'.e..
    ANM.'1slS> ~ PlystJ fix edCk of +tM. p.,..ilf\(..lpcA( s1tdes. FOr t1uL H."O ~c,(e:
    SW-e. h PI:.!iO bet-r T; =. Lf'to 0c. ':¢> h J =350"7.' k.'\T1 icE ) S,::' bflaY/ IJ{~.IC..
    J

    ~: p~:: I· S baV' ) Sz.:':> I =t> ).,.,. =.( 510.8 k:r I ~


    S~ 3~ P, -=-1 baN' J sat. lit tMd =t> L, 3 ::. 4/7. "I" kJ" It~
    ~.Jo..-fe. ill ~ fr,:. I bo.r) T" :: "o°C. =t> Com.p~ssecl I t'~ v.Ml. j
    h~ ~ hf U.o) + V',f-C'o) ( P- r~o.+e> bOoc)
    :. :251,/3 t; +Q.0I12X(O-3)~(1-.lCl'llf)\'CA4"
    -=. ~ St. 2 k::r (""'
    S-k.e.te..lf: For +~ ~lXJ~ o+- .s-frea.~s 3. Q.~et. ~ to +crM S1reo.t1o\ Jf
    o :: 'Vh,3 '-"3 t- ""~ ~&. - (~3"'~(.) ~ Yo
    OT J w~+k ~3:' 1.S "3(S) n;" :. 2..5 k,ts
    8"-13 Z-
    h~:=' (.5) ('f('l.l{~) +(.5)(25(.2) 2. 33~.3'3 k.J"/~
    5W~ 5: -rLt~ 80°(." 1.,5 ~ "'At t-V"If(Fs-P-t)
    ::. 3'3&{.~ ~ t~.O'2." ~lO-")C.l{O-I) p~~ 1
    =. 338. ~ t{ \is/~
    H>V- ~ R-13~a.. Udc(e j
    5'~~ ~: Pta::: lfD bcw J 14 : Joo·c. "=t> hcc. ~ '31.7.~ '" Ic:rlk, J sQ. ':. /.04(,1 kJ/t,.«
    sWc. '0.. Pb::' '\ b~ ) Sb = Sc. =t> hb: 312~7q ~::r{Lc,
    S:l4Ae C '. Fc:=' ct b~ ~ sot-. I ;~(.(.U( =:> ~c.::' lftt, s&:. ~:rl J~
    ~ do: hcJ. ~ hc-. .... ~'Pe:t- P~) =. qq,S"t-C6S1~X'o-'3)( 'b-Cl) I(O~
    : 10
    I-:. IOO.11cJ k.~
    ""
    (0-) FrOM rtvA.SS 'l.~~ !2MQ.rSl;I bafcu.'\ces for- ~ c.ernftbi veltA.~e enclDSI .."
    sfea.nI\ p",si""<J -tf,tro~'" tktz. Sk(lWi 3enera:for
    &il-\::' \'hI (h,-h s )
    =. (5 1c.3/S:)(3~Oi.l - 3'38.3Lt) ~ ',t ""~~s j
    ::.. I '1,8 Lllf l "" 111 Q Ii.

    (b) For: k HzO ~de


    WH,.o ::. Wi-I - WP, ::. (S k:)ls) ((3307. , - Z.S10.6) - ('~38,"lf - 3 }t{. 3'3)] ~
    :. 3~G" ~W

    TlP ~et-elf'"",iI\e t~ -vw:c.<;.s -flow \"'C:de. or R-134o. ,c..o"..,sider +4.~ ,;'ter-cOl'\"'E'c.fj~


    hett+ ex ckc4J'l~e.r
    O::,Wl3(h'1.-~~) + Wl R (ha-~Q.)
    or . -:. -m3(h7.-h~) __ 0.5 lc.~/s)(z..570.S-'-lt1.4(")
    M~ _
    ('ncf..- hd) ('3z.-r.'t~ - tOO.llo )

    :. 2'3.IoE ~ls

    t'lw.s w~ =- '¥V\e ,[(h'C~b) - (~t:\- "'c.)]


    '=(23."8) l(?>2:1.~(o-3\2.1,()- (L()Odb-~q.'5")l-:. 0"34.1./ kW
    Tk w·loJ powtN' ~eve\Ofe~ is
    •
    Wtea d.c e, ~CoC.o t r 33 't.1.f = 3'\ ~ 5 Lc W4ll!l"~-----------';;;;~
    (c) For ~ \V\d.M~tn·A.\ ~'(oc.-ec;~
    6p..oc.e~s ~ "ri-\PfO~S ( "',.- k")
    :/2.S
    ~
    k... /s\(2S1C>.~"'Z.Sl.~ \
    ,JLJ J- J ~
    Ic.r\t\ vst«
    k.~.fl .
    Q pro~s
    :. S 71:1' k W"'lIl!!'l!II-------------------.,;...L---.,;...;

    8-/33
    kNOwN: 1JI().feN'" is #re worfG.l~ .f.LuJc( IV. (A.. Ranlc.'''e C<Jcle used. .for co~q,..,evnft~.
    The. CtJcle. r!"t!u.ces POWfU') GlKd evr.e,rSg fejecJc.d f11:>m +J,uz, CDh.e1ellrilt!
    .s feA.,.., i.s ~ra.ras.(:e.rt'f.4 10 a.. sepa.~ 'P,..oc.ess 5~WI. Da,fa.. a re /GftOlP~
    a-f Vttrtous lQca..tUms.
    J=, ND: J)e.+er-m .'he tke, 1V\A$S ~Low rate tor +he RCt.nlc,~i1e ~cI'2 lA.>or/c.IHg fiuitt:()
    art&{ d.evise a.1Il~ e,vtJ.[urde. ~V\ e~er,en'c::, eHicre~~ for tke. overAtl
    cD,e.Vlerc::lTIOh SCjsteM.
    .. Pc =&190 ~.f/"k1.
    SCHEMA-TIC- i G-LVs.O VMA ~
    I
    t
    ~iil\ 7i -::.7oo0 F
    - _-

    I
    I
    I
    I

    (lll

    A55UMPTIoNS: (,] Each componeni. is a.na.lCjl.ed ~s (1 Ctm-lrol volume at. 5l-ead:J


    sta.te.(2l The fuN""I~ej ptA.Mf>Ja.ncl COl1de~se..r o;pera..fe ecdla.ha.fiGa.1t:1.(31 For-the
    +wrbl~e I .Ylt -:.
    e.eo J (,lKd f'ke ,u.rMf is ~'''(A.nle.d ff:> op.e-f7',.k ise.Yl.+r~iGt:tU~. (lI) l<H<lUIG.
    ~nc:L pot-eVl.1-14( et1eV"9'j e~ a.~ ne.~{j3ilole.cs) S",ffi.m,fed lii(,\icA e~l~ the..
    conJei'lser-a:c ft.te. ec~tf-e.tIlsU'" f('-e$sc..e.re. (b) 7; ~ S30~R) I'D = lC(. 7 ,.,-1-"",,. ~
    ANM.H5(s: F I rsf,J .p,'x eacl« 0+ #Ie.- l' r'\ ~(,i pa.1 s-fa;les.
    ~: P, ~ 800 (b.f.lI~~J 7i::. 7()0·F ~ h,:: 133'8.0 IBkt/lb) $, :'/,5"1.(71 8J.u/lb·-~
    .5tatlJ. 2.: FI ~t) Ps.:' ,00 'hf/,i.tz'.1 s:z.s ::.5, =t> l1z.s = Jlq 1.1 She/ilo • /,.1,..1-", +he. fuYbl;'e
    efHGie~~ h - h.",
    Yl-(; ~ ~l -11'2,'$ =b h1.= h,-l1-t{hl-La~$) .:s /].2.0.5 8Jujlb

    ClVl~1 ht>m Tct./o}t! A-LIE. j 53-=' I. SBl8 8~/'b •• e


    ~fe. 3: r3 -= 180 Ilgfll'i42.; 50.t. 1i,(.(.iC( -.b "'3= 34fo.3 Sku/It> ,) S3= o.S'3z9 ~~
    ~ hJt~h3""V¥(P-P,)
    = 34~.3 ~
    Lb
    ~ ~
    t-(O.O/8zi H})(800-{S~l.:r20 JJ'Iq
    I" ,,,, 1 Iff:&.
    ~
    '6 I ~
    1kl'-j;78.fi.lbf
    :: 3L//Q.3-1-~.ID =3'18.4 f3lu/lb} SCj=S,3 = O.S32.'l e~/(b·op"
    5.f{cf~ 5: Ps = /40 Ibf.I'iA Zo) Is =2SoO~ =t>-CO""fr"et:OseJ 1;1""id • 7htJ.S
    hs'l;'; hf(#so) + v-., (Z.Sl» I r- r,,~t@ 15'0 ,=] 0

    0: ZIS." 4--(P.O/7DO)(It.fO-.;ley.ez) ~~\\ ~ =- ~J8,9 6.J.u111


    ~1It.d ~S ~Sf(:ZSo) = 0.3"17 tHu/lb·-R

    8-/34
    ~: P, ~ /,",0 Ibfl'~2." sat. ~6V'" =P' h, =11'13.81»u11b,) oS, =:./.S7" 8Iu./llro~

    To i-j~cA +t.ae. ~e/e l')L6;.SS How r"0-f& I use. Q.Y\ e.~ev-g~ balo,lI\cfl. for" fkQ. c..ortdeltlser
    o = -.-.nf.~c.le. ( h /;a 3)
    2. - + -rn,roc. (I.-Js - "',- )
    . . I hs " he, ~
    "lVle.ucle. = Yl1 pt'e
    "
    C h r
    3- h,
    ::
    I.
    ~DI oeo Lb/ h
    )( ~/8.'f - 11'13.8 \ I:: S.S 77 )(10" II:> j'n .....~_-=-tI~
    3L/b.3-12.20.5 1

    For+ke. CJ9generaflOk SC;1rlem) the c,fjde. rter work tA.~et tk" ~y


    +rtA.IM"k.rreJ +0 fhe p('Oc.~ss sf~t1Il o: .....e. fI,.uz. ouJpu+s, OoV\d tke ~ergy
    ,~c.~a.'e ef +k~ WO~~/"'!f +1~e:( (j'lS$If1j -J1.1,~Wjh +t<e ;S-fe/A.M ~e#1era.:1o-r Is -Hte
    IViPui: . The at+fer~~ce oef-wee"1 +t1e ,"'put ~ <9uifLet Yepl'eSell1fs e'K.erf'j
    desfm<Je.d, dv..e -10 ,rrev~siJ,j/ i.fie:s. 1'h.u..s) a re.fL6on4bJe e>CQrje-h'C.
    e.f..t ieiencj is
    -net raJe 0.(. e;(er,y ou.r p,",,*
    6 ~
    raJe of e"!-,er,y IM.pv-:*
    ::. W"d e{< + h, frOG ( e:f" - efS" )
    "ri1~e(e ( efl - es'l-) -e!~-----------=-~'--:"-:'-~

    Eval (,(,4:1-, v.j +t..~ VQ.r-ious tlAa./fJ·h'"+ies Ii" -J.-11i..s e);f'ressio~

    We.t:tc.lfl. :: Wi - aN p -::. ,.n",c:lc:[( ts r ~ ~) - (h -: h3 ) 1


    ::: (S. S77 XIO'l )[ ( 1338.0 - I Z 2.0. S) - (2 .to) 1:: b. <f 3' X{O" t>kc./ '"
    ef4- ef5" ::. (h" -I"S) - To( s" -SS)
    =~lq3.8- ;2(8/1)- ~.3o)CI.'57~J-O.~"77) -:. 3'3't.'f 6kA1/Jo
    efl- e-l'f :: ( h, - h If ) - -r; ( S , - S'f )
    = (1338.0- 3t{8.'+)-~30)(/.Slf7/-O.S'32.t:t) :.'1Sz./6hc.llb
    f'R013t.E-M 8, 71-
    t::~ 0 u./t'-& : I-to+ ~ ,."d, u or -h' V\o\, ~ ~J'~J' e." +t r: t kQ ~ ~~ t e.-c c ~""~ If' (J "",,' t 0 f +~
    s~'- IJ't"C1.er,d"or of 'P""'Olol-ef\.\ 8. 11 " TN ,'"" I.t- o..""c:l ~ .. + te.-..,oen>..fv..I"~.s
    of .f-'- 't:l4...f rh-c.A.-.
    ~ 'P~ b(e""",
    o..(~
    g.l:",
    p""Ovid.a C:!. 0 +~". c:l ....f--.. 0..1"< fr~ -t"'- &0 lu "'(M
    r ,IUD: 1).e ~"""""'_ (A.) ..f~ """'+ rde t.A. eJ "J .:1 14 c..rf;ed ~ b.:1 fk.t2 ~a.s s +reA"".J
    (b) ..r'v ~ ~ ~.Qt" 5) """ C4.,.;,,'-ed O~ ' - , +"-' WAI-.-- S~A_,. fc) ""k~
    r.~ 1 ~~r5(J c:L,SlYueh'(M/ o.""cl Cd) ~ ..t-'\C~F·C. a.ffr'c..i€v.~ ,""~'-tE,.7.'i-S:.

    S CM€MA-flC .a 6r\1/EIJ J>A-TA:

    :.Sook J Te, Pe~ n


    I
    t
    ----~~--. I l-
    n.PI: ::
    33Cl8.Y Jc:r/~
    B 0 J,o.,-
    ,I I 5(= &..6?S-Bb 1c::r/k,.K
    1Ol:/Soc .... 2.&8K '.oT I ~ hca.t .(.)(ck"""SE!V'
    Pc> ... I bCW" ........5_c...$_e_s--t!=:-=oi::::-:_=_=-=_~-' ~ok:t
    ii :'/'2.00K- -
    \1'f = 195.3-' b~...,
    If 'M::' q3.8~ Jc,ls
    IL ..

    PC( -::. eo ~GI'I' .. •


    As SOMPTlONS ~ (I) f"o~ -l~ s-\~~ - s~-\e (.uwt....1 \JCltl"",YII-'Q. f) '-'.oW'V\J Qc.v -::> '-',yeo.
    (2) "\"e+\c. 6..v..ct fO+e~HQ.( Q~e.V'9~ e#eds~Y-e 'A~h5\}'\e..(3) ifA..t. kz,t C.OM.~HA.$+iO~
    ~(;(.ses ~'(e ~oc-l~(~J e.s d~r"'("s Gc.\A icleo..Q ~S .. ~'i' eCl.dA. s-k'eA"", e1<ferie~es
    \1~tc1\\"\e pf"e~su.~ d..~. (5) To:: 2.88 Jc: J rca -:: 0.1 M P", =I b6->r
    ANM,\fSlS: F'fOVY\ s+~ - s~ ~c»s ~C4\QMees ~ '\'WL wo..~r ~ a.Wo sfT~~$,
    «s~c.i.&e" > ~'i eo. oM, ~ 'M I..~ -M\:a -Me a --M. 0.. • 'lA.u..~) -\WL e~eN'9~ nde...
    ~\"'\A.,e eM\. toe. wr\~Y\) \A)'~ ~ ~\'o,,~ C4"'S~+c.:okS,"'S
    ~ (~~ - ~e' )
    O

    o = jt..,o_%V ..... ('" 't - '" I) T 'M4

    ~~ = 'M L""-"'-'t ~
    \ \-\i. -~~)
    f<~ Tc.e.lole "-12) he. -.: . \'2.'1,.,q li:rl~ ~ he :. 503.07- Ic.::r 16,; . ,-bs
    ~~ -:.03.8C} \") f.'?>~\(8.tt-l85.3' "\ =- 383.3 te..,ls
    \ l"'2.'7.fCl - S03.0't.· J
    (t:t) -r\vL h~t- ~ e)C.ere~ <.0 c.(M'nec:l l~ b~ +(,..G catU met.\...... is

    -M~ (~~ - e.se.) =~c..~ hi. - hoe) - To ( s-.. - Se)J


    .
    SUH.e. p~ =f-e ) s~ - Sc ':.
    o.
    5 .. - Se
    n•_ 1>./"0
    - R ~"/P~ -e,
    0 1>
    S .. - Se • w~~ V'o.t\A.es
    .f1oW\ T o.~\~ A- z 1-
    ~-.( Q.f.A-~) =t~&3."3 ki} [(''2.,1.1Cl - SO'3.'2)~ - ('l.SBIe.) (3.1"'788~
    - '2. .. 7.1 if 5 ,) t:T
    ~"J'
    \C.] \ \ k\)J \ '::.
    1 IJ / S V\e+ '(Q.'\e.
    = Itt J xto" l.W.... e?lef"~1;\
    C4H'~~
    \11'
    (tc» 'T~ N-r r't£. k ~.e..". 'r11O ~1't"I'q d O~ ~1 ft- l.\,;"'~r ~ ff<"-tNl w

    W.(-e-fl-~'f.)::' W. ( ~,-h,,-'Tc,(!\-S''JI)J
    1) Olio 101 -e "Io'.\.a., pol .. 1\-. ~ T ~ A - S'" o..::t P.,. ':. '80 h#.f', kif = I ~S'. '3Cl ~:;;J{ II=j
    ,..iv.~ Sq':. o,G..olgt:-=JJ~s'k. 'Tt..uU
    Cc) T'-" ~4-r5J ~ Io'"""-""&.t. ,A..s....Luu. fob <r'~

    CD '= c! ': ~~ (e.t.( - ~fe) -+ ~ ( e.f'l- - e+ ,)

    =
    I ~3.2 ~ 10 3 _
    ~ ':. ~ ( e.f I - e~ 'I)
    ~A.tef.4- 't.fe.) lq, 't.(03

    I. E'KQr~'J de"tylJc:HfM ~ ~',f C-ClS-e... ~ cU,~ --f-o hfZ4-1- trAkJ'f'v fr""-


    -r ka ~5""e('- -I-t~~ CO\,y..bv,fh·~ ,,~ +0 +k V~'J"""j
    W(A.~.

    0-137-
    I<NQWN: The v~(1or 1'pwev" C<.Icle of proh14Wt B./7 is +0 be.. CtJl\.CA.ILjzec1 ~
    the. rerspecfwe. sf ey.e('9~ Q.CC4u~-f,·n.J'
    FIWP: ])e+erwI/'ne. -I-l,e ra.te ot IV-put to fhe. Wor~'kt3 tlu.i.d P((SSI'i.1~
    fh ro v.., itl the steam J.el'\.e mJOY a t'ld a (COL,(.vt i: for at! 6 Uf-plA.:fs)
    losses) and. ae~frucfloY\s ()~ flAis e'l.er61·
    sCi-fEMATJc.. i (;'V£N "DMA: See. soluflOI/1 fo Prob/~m 8./7.
    A:5$VMPTlDNs ~ 5c.rne as 'ProhJe,., B./7 . Mso" 7;, =ISOC =),881< a~ ro = o.s M P4.
    ANAl,\l5IS: Spzci·/t·, elltttto.lpiu ~ en/ropies o-+-Hte prt;"'cip~( s7aks are
    Sfa...te ( : hi = 3348. L( k.::r 1lCt:j J 5, =. ~.I, 5 8' 'c:.J[ ~."
    Stale Z: ~'2. = 2272. 7 k.J{~) s~::: 7. 2iPl.o kJl~.1<. (x z.::: 0.87'64)
    ~~ h3 -= J7 3.981c.J"1 £::, $3 -::: O.5Q2& lc.J[ ~'K
    J

    S+4.fe4'. h't '=. IBS.3' 1c.J1k,j) s'f: 0.'0'8 k;r(Iaj'k (do~/~ iHt<=rpolat'~.....
    jill TObie A- S is re~u.i red.)

    Also I.fn>m 'Pr <:>kJ.em 8.1, ~ ~ = 3:~8XI~ ~51k ~we::l ~'W '=- 8.'(,8 xu» ~ ~.j/t.. .
    IlApt.<.t: 'R>r the l.()ork 1'&-\9 fl~~ d'a.SSI'Wj --HArolA.tjk t~e S~.'''\1.e",ef'a..f.&r
    1"Vl (~I - e.f~) :. Yh [ al. -"'4(.) - ToC s, -S\{ )]
    ,,{3.38XIO
    s~ )[(33'18.'1- 18$.3'1)- t88(ID."S8" - &,I>OISll?J
    = /33.2 Mw
    \
    eF 1 "'"
    3600 S
    IJ ltvt~ II
    ·1 o'~'k.~ Is
    Ou.tputs
    i~\>"*
    Nt.f powe-v- ~W~ct-e ::. (DO MW
    C"V1&..u.c.se r- :
    1'\11 Cow ( efl ~.J - ef j I .... ') to(J.,) -=- oM cw ( (hcw10(A.t - ~'~"J ilA) - ToC ~C.WIOCct - scw,~)]
    A.'PrV'OXl·MO.h~'3 Sc."", ~ SfCTc w )
    vhc,w ( e-f) co""" - ~f J ,.... ) (.t.>

    :: (B.l.iB}I;.IO'" I ' .1I--LI[(,'t~·198-"2.'i(i) -


    .3600 1/0 3
    2-88(0.'5053 -.22.~S)]

    = 0."4 Mw
    ~
    For fl.-le k+rbl he ~
    Ec:l)"twp:' To <:Tk&.ro:: To ~ (S,.- s, )

    a~et .fi.\e 1U.rn(':


    ~ (2.8B) ( 3. 38xlOs )(7. 2."20 - '-'.(0586) f.-L 11~'f =
    3~oc 10
    I b. 3'2. J.i\.4J

    €'cl~pv""'f :. To ( riJ ) (s "f - S oS) = o. 2 5 ~ \IJ


    PR06LEM 8.78 CGMi '& )

    s
    288 K.a.38XlD ) (. S 1 Z' - 1 . ZJo ZO) ... (8.ctSX.1O*')(.St:>S3-.22.'1S)
    : f ~ 'eo I Ilo '3
    ::. lo."~ MIIV

    Checft.l~j
    Ot.<.tpv-fs : /00
    b.('<1
    }06.b'(
    l>esfru.eflOMs~ I " . ;3 '2..
    , 'Z S
    /0. l'=>
    133.31 M W
    /33.2 1'11AJ
    PRoBLE M ~·1Cf

    K'NQWIJ: Hot c.oV\'\low-h.~l'\ ~c.se$ e\A.fe.\I" f'ke. ~ewt- Glt:dAA",,&',. ""Wt of tNa Sk4Mi\
    :J~~ertA-fo-r o¥ Prob'k-tvl 8,1'1. The lll\l-et ~lI\.e::t el'-H +eMfero.~s of
    1'Wl ~e..s s+rel4.,"- wre. k~w\'\. oJ.~ ek.ft.. ecre f'ro"M ProbJ.em 8.1"'1.
    ElNb', 1>.e.4-e~M\~~ ~e e~~ . . . sy d.sh\1(;~W\ ro.+es iV\ «c..) ~ he~ e)C"~Q.~er­
    ~I.t ,(b) ~ -kwb\he Q.~ f""~ ~ ~ (Co) +f,.A. coNle~.sf.V'" Also)
    LOJ~+e. ~ ~ r-o.*c. e)C.e r:9'd- is U4.V'ri~& a.w~ b~ +le.
    e.co'i~ wo.ter r"-iS l"j ~o~'" ~ c..~tAe+\se.....
    $cueOOtc. $ fPlVW bMA: Exiting stack gases

    r
    I
    1
    I
    e .0
    I I "It::: RI.{O I'
    I \
    I I
    7;.= 520°«. I \
    Po ~ {C{,1 Ibf/l~:1; Combustor I
    IlJn~ __ -.J
    \
    L __
    Heat exchanger unit

    Hot combustion ._
    Fuel- I products I I -M "" 1.+tID'" lb lit.
    I
    Air -t>
    Cycle working
    fluid
    ASSOM~noNS~ (0 5d.rne tU P...obf.ep, 8.1'1. r;::::- I
    ('2.) To :S2.0°R..) ~ ={c{:1 {1:>f/lw~ (3) Th~ r Turbine !-==t>
    CC71\I\" lAoS h.Ol\ 'C4S es, '(.r'C ~o- de le et cc.o t:llh"" ....
    A.S Q."l ide-.( ,t.&.s. (lfJ rke fJ4S Cfre.a.M)
    -Hc..e. We) ,..k.i" J.t~, i(. ssi ~ -f£\Y'O ~ lot t£.t.
    ~ --
    ~telCdIA....,~f,C.w.+ (1.1N:l .f(,.,a. ~eKserJ 'Z..
    iMIIJ ~ ~.e-r ~ll~ ~ S'fretllf\, ....:... ~ <..I.(J 'l-ul
    '~'GW-
    eo.dt e ~rl~l.4.ce \'toO , res s u. ('4 cJ.Kop, Cooling Cooling Ik/ h
    water in water out

    Fe..- ""I.o..e.. (.cY\-\-io1 VOw.V\'\~ ~u..vVOu.~ '1Aj tt..A ~ .e.~olAA.~~ ~)


    ANAoL'iSIS :(6.)
    s+~ - skA.te.
    V\i\lA.SS ~~lo..""ces fo-r t(A..a. wd-'te.r a.M.J Ol"r S~W\ r-iJ.AAc.e ,
    (~Sf.e.~"Ve.Uj ) +0 ~ 'of : ~\ -: W\. eM.t-J. oM'.. :. Me ~ Me.. . Th...u.~) t~ -ca~~'j vo.:.te.
    bCLl(AMc..e. is 0 0
    o -:=9:C-';I:v+ "'" (\A".-\',) t-Mo.. (hi. ~ ~e)
    or , m (h\- \-'h.•)
    'VV\C4, =
    ("", ~ ~e )

    F-rOM TQ.'o\~ A- 22E) ht ::. 'iqo.Qi 0\M-/lb ~ ~e. = 2001.5'b ek...It\o. T~.s
    -M -::.ll.~ ¥.l{)~ 1J,1~)(ISC(1.1 e\-u./l\, -lS,f164-ull")."5.1.13~tO",1,11,..
    ell. (t{Q(),~ - :lO(.s~) 6l'U.J Ii,
    --n-. (-(~h elf e'/oe~,'1 <:iertf"c.'tl·~ co,o, \o.e tou.~ 1v-O'M . Ed = 1 a-w 0 . i\u. elA-h-o(l~
    Y~Q. \oo-\o..\..\~e. ~ ~ ~-\Yo\ \/f>lulMA. is
    ~lMo , .
    0-= ~TJj + ~ (S'(-S,) .... Ma., (S~ - se) +- cr ev

    lb
    E~-: To l-M(S,-s... ) +~Atse.-s,,)l
    S\iAc.e. P: :Pe. ) Se -S .. .:: s; _s~o - ~.~) :. s~o-st, w...<..~ v-.(u.es froM
    To.ble A- ZZE- 1 S;c O.101C(1 o.~ s1 ::. O.Q2S"OS: ~J ;",,-+~,..pola:tl~ il.\.

    ~-140
    Ta.1?l.e A-SE J S.., ~ O,(33(P'( Blull~··~J (1M.d wj+~ S,: 1,(p")(5 6kA/lr.··~ frO'N\
    Pr"Obk.M <5. t'l,
    Eel= (52D°«)[0.'# X(OW~)((,(g-:\I$-O,(1~~<i)B~/tb
    +{ l,l:~ XIOc- 1»/h)( O.701t{1-0.Q'2S"osD
    i EJ
    :=. :2.<6<.( XtO Bw./h ....-er---- (ht,e:tt
    C'l"~""\.'\~e
    0:)) for tlAL -kwbln~ J wi.j..~ $,:; ,.(,~(S­ Bl1Allb.°1< ~1'\J. 5'2" =a 1.1~1~ s~/lb·°R. ""~~)
    b"-SecA ~a.tc"(' fvl,~ P("obl~YY\ 8.1~
    Ed
    .
    C)"II'\

    ':. To Wt (s2,,-S,)
    -:::(520)(1.4 XIO~)( (.1C,1(,-I.(,1t5 )::. 't.'ll X(07eM/h...--Zt~b,~e)
    Fu,~V"J w'(+~ Sa'= D.1327 O~/lb. OR (sa.+. lit. cd I /I,t/,·.....' :) J fhl~ of
    ~'/.er,y de.rtYl>c;/iO\o\.ftrr +~ pu..~ IS

    Ed -:z To ~( S If - Sa)

    =- (?2.C XVI XIOb) (O,n3~t( - 0.1'3'2.7) ::. (g.gq '/.(05 e~/h .....
    .rJI----. ~~~~)

    (C.) S\'M\\~r~).for -+\....Q. ~.e.we~

    Ed ::: 1'0 \ -M ( S 3- 5'2.) + m c.\,\J ( ~c.wJ Du.t - Sc.UJ J ''''' ) 1


    :=. (52.0) [ (I.&f Xl 0 (0 )( 0.\ '3"2.1 - (.1l.P 1 Co ) -T ((,.L{lxlo"1) (. oq 33'2. - .OSSSS)]
    = 1.'l.1 )(10'" e~/~ Ec;f
    (c...ol1d.fM~)
    w~e~e. Sc.w % Sf (.T) .
    F \V\Ctlt'j) ;.Wt V\1l-\: v-cde. e~e,-~
    fo-~S i~ ","",'fO~~ ~ c..owl~s~r is

    :=!(("Lf3 x.o .., ) l (4~. OCl - d-8.o8)-~2.~(. O~ 3 '3'2. - .OSS'SS) 1


    V\e.+ 'CO--\-<'
    ~ ~,3g')(l0'7 1?>\-\k1 \.\ .. e.)(e~C1 i~
    co.'C(" i eGl. Ol.tf
    \00; cool, ~ ~ wG(;\'t..,.
    KNOWN: F.eecAlPClter heCltef'S op.e~fe its l~ +h<2 r~e\l\er'l+\"e. vapor fower
    c.~ e(.e of
    'Pro bl-e M 8. ~ I.
    ~'. ])-ek,.ml~e f£te e'lC.~t'~~ de~t-ruc..h~ I""~te! ef I-ke -teedwafer he"-f-evs rer
    tuti+ ~~.s &t SteAM ek+e.rilf\_~ fhe .f.lr~ +u.rft,lke. "~e,, &\~C( e~pt"~
    e~V\ a.s C( lva.choY\ e f """-eo flow e x.et"'S ~ Ii., Gre~"e ()f. f~ w ode. ''''J
    frU,l.cA p~ss\ ""~ ~("oWf k +l-1e steAM j.eli\eYtl tor, ~\f = o. c," q..3
    SCH§MA:TtC $ ~{VEfJ DATA: "'3= 25'DO.'S k'1{~
    tj' ~o.'l~~if 3 S3= '.q3~2 k.J1L::,.K
    2.. \1,'2,= 3ol>".Lf 1c.J'IJc, ,- - - - -- (I ~'_~") = e ."'8
    _____ 320 =b.4f3t:f2 k.:Tt.., I I ~
    I t - - -......- __'I 7 I I "
    • c\ose"" I hs'=S~,? I<~ll~ _ I o~.... ,
    l ' \-\eo.te-Y"" 8 l'rM le A-~) ~ h i =SU 'j;}" I "'~+er I s,::. ~21 k:T/~'K
    'Ss ': I.~f<i K.J'/~.lC. rc..:r h" ': \SI.83 k3"J",
    s,= I.", l8 l7'!k;.KII -
    1_ _ _ _ _ '\J I -'

    kti ': 1087 Ic,;;r/~ 10 h ':. 108i 3 k:TJL.- '-'" '=. 1081.3 Ic;r/"S
    Ie: 1L._l(c \0 • ~ '>'l\ ~ D.2.'13
    ~;:lot;:~;) 7'-; S10 :: :l,"~(O'l k"/f~·K ~l :O.'l.b3CY .3" ~ .;l.~"q~ !cJ"Ik,·K
    A~S()MPTlOtJS: See Solu..ft.·O'JI\ +0 Pr()bf4."", 8.' I, L~t TD : 15°c c z.esk
    f.\:NMN51,$ '. For: -I-ke closed hecd-er .EJ.j-Ml-= ol To (,-/tV. I' Tk.lAS) Lc.S1;'~ 41f'\
    el1~~ ra.:t~ bC4{QMCe
    o : .- f~O 1- ~l L~1(SL-.slO) + (Sg-Sq) + o-/~J
    Th.us b./-M I ::. '0 [~l( 5 10 -Sz.) +( s, - S 9) J
    =(Z88k) [(0.1.'-1'1") (2.i'lt..'l-£9.lt3'i2) t (Z.,.05- H.b~r)] 1c;:r/l::j'K
    ::. 31.3 (,c.J" /~004r4-----------------~­
    5im\(Q.r~ -for+~ ope'" h~+e('
    rlVr° + ljl.IS3 ... ~I.slt +(I-'i1' _~") S,,-5 ;' a-/~,
    o .J;~ YTJ.i 1

    or: E6 /;', =. To [S,-'j" Sa - ";3'.s" -(1-'3'-111") 5,1


    ::. (2. 58 ) (<I .bi 1S)-( O.Obn) C". 'i'C} z.) - (o.t('lCJ )( 1..tt,,&.C,,) - (0.""-8")( O. S210U
    :: 2-'1 .• ' I<:.:r( ~ 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . ;

    for +k~ WO ""-l'&I\9 fUM.&. f~SI.·lI\9 ~("CH'..~", +ke S~M ~~rC(.~


    (e:fl- E4ct) =. ( k,- "'1 )- TOCs l - SCj )
    :: (3&.f~"l."{-I081) -(2.88)(b.L{3~Z -2.1~OS')=: 'Z<:f'7,' kJ'IlCj

    Ttv..es
    (£d/~ )<..HTIZ.
    . 1%1:0 _ 3''7.3 (2. ~ ole)) 14
    -= 0·02..9 (tolosec( )
    \'2. ''T. "I h~A-fQ.,-
    l e'.f \- ~.f'\)
    (jd I ~ ) o~}1t J.,7· b ~. 02.t ( 2..1 o/(,i) <t
    - 12<=)r.~
    :.
    (Ope~
    h~r
    )
    ~-fl_ef-')

    11-112-
    PRoBLE~ 8.BI
    KNO- .... : T'-. ('e.~.""'..... Q.~"e
    VAP0V" POUJI!#t" c'(cLe of Probte~ B.~T' I'S
    o.lI\.I'11~e:t O'Y\. of- ey'I!#""::; Clccou~h·I'\,'.
    't"-. Ioc:u,'s
    F I/UO: 'De44lO" """""~ --tt- ..-a.k e.t<.4 ...., '0
    "'t? "'-'t -1-0 ~ ("u OV"IC.I·I'\,~
    d ,. ,'c:l +, \.;
    PtUt''''~ +~I4J" ~~ .s-k""""", ~ ~H~"'.f-oV' _c:l Q,cc.ou",,+ fvv- -f'.,.a ~S(UD31+r''''''''
    '\ ~s ~l'#"") .

    Sckt£MM\c." (,\ VSIJ DA1A: Se.e. solu.+\~ 40 fro'o\(.W\ ra.r.1


    M,u MPno"'S " Sa-me ~s ill\. Probk.M e ,111. M so) At ~ «ts>« ::. 2.881c:. a,v-Jl.
    r -=
    o I b(;llt'". .
    ANM8S1& " EtA.cM prill\ c.ipA.( s+-..k is .fl')(~et ,'"" ~ sol.u.~ lo prObrew. 8·"1-
    11L 5ft:cific.. er\.fW.s.lp;~s Gt~c:i e.l.1.+r"ie.s CtN"e.:
    5-40.~ h( k;rl~) s (k~ Il~· K)
    l '3t1-1.~(.., '-,ISS8
    2- 30 S2. b (g. ;)..,81
    3 .'3 SLf 5.3 lo.<to1-z..
    If 3{)~S,i ,. Don I
    ); ,J."qS,b i.Z2.8lf
    L, 21.Gl~ .q ""."f'Sse;
    i ( 51· ":> ;I 5'2.l0
    8' , 51,"1 .S'2.l()
    <t '1(,1. II ( .Y33'='
    10 510<0. (, Ii l,t.t33"
    JI 181.7 ~ ./3CiCc,
    11- i "7...81 A ./381
    ,~ -rCt11..8 \ Z.20'].5
    ILf l '303.B 3.2.0(''i
    Ie:: '31~.~ 3.'2.~8

    l" /3l",(P 3.3"O~

    FrorY\ ~ sotu.h.~ io P\"'o~\e.Y\I\ S,b=( ,; ~I::' I. Se,8X10' k.j/k Co lofll .t "j/s)


    ~l:. O,2t\S(,) '}\I -:. O,OSl,q, Q~'<1I~~ ~ o.exe s .
    ":tNPU"fS
    Bo\\er-{ ~UF"(A-rer:
    -M,{e&1 -eJI'f) :: 'M, t\~I-\"'i) -To (SI-S,'t )]
    :: ('"Ill ,I ~)H~~'Z.'t.b - \303.~) - 2.88(b.\858 - 3,20"4)] ~
    -=- 5'.I~1 XlQ5' "I ':. 51'1.1 ~W
    Re.~~()/":
    ,
    "M, (\-~)
    I (
    en-€l,-}=': ~,((_~') L(hl-~"&a)- Tols~-s?.)J
    ': e,.5 Mw

    OUTpur
    "/\.e.t OtA.t (l~
    ~f~
    -:. 'M 1 LW-t{ W\, - Wf>/~ll
    -=- (411.( ) lllb1.~ - 33.folJ '6f Co~ ~~s1
    ::. '-lfofo,O M W
    ..-:l~I------------- ~~:.L
    ~I ( I -'j'-~" -'d ll' ) (e~Co- ~7)
    = ""'I (l-'j'-~I' -~ 1'1) t. C"-',,- k,) - ,000(S,,->,)J
    e, 31. 3 "'W.~I-- ---:"_
    loss

    DE 5TB()CllQA)~
    tlA.V'~,nf. :
    EJ ' ~ ~ .'0 Uri,;",! )
    ': W. \1 0 t (S",. 5,) of' (, - ~
    'j')( S't- S 3) +( 1-\;1""")( 5 - S\f) +(I-'1'·'fl -"3 1l 1 \(5,- 55)]
    : 5~. '21 "'W
    f>O-\oa.r ~e~~e~ ~
    EJ :: ~ITQ(O--/~I) =~,ToI. ~'(Sl!~-S2.) + (S'\f-S,,)]

    = t8,e 2. '" W
    l 0 - 'caw- h <:A.+e'(" :
    EJ -=- 'M,To [ S,,- 5 1 0 't(~\-+ ~·'}S\"2.-d' SH.-'cf'Slil
    :.. '0,'17 MW
    Df€'v\' 'hea.-\-~II" :
    Ed -:. M, \0 \. $.., -~\\\ Ss - (~\+4j")S,)-(l-\f-~"-\1t" )s$]
    = ~.1 M.w
    irOfs '.
    Ed. e, M 1 T o [ lSI(,,,s'~)'c}'l -::. S.3'l ""w
    £et :.. 'M,"T'O t ('<l'~'f')(SI~-S,~)l : ~,"l ""\tV
    Iota.{: q 1. 21 ~ W... ett"s+to~t~
    SVMMA~Y

    l",~\A..~ : (000,<0 fl\W O\4t,,"* : 4 !Dc, ,0


    LC)ss '. :;1.3
    Desl-ro~~~ '11. 2.1
    bOO.Sf Mw

    ?-/4t
    PJa)llLE M 8.82
    J::Noc.uN: Tko. (\t"'e'lot4U"cLn~ poc..u-e,.- c'( d~ of 'P~loteW\. 8."8 ,'~ ~~ .. l't)e'ci ~
    +t...a (,AS',',s ~f e~.e(~~ acco"'Io'\-h·I;\~.
    ,cOup: 'D-4ti-e.... """-<.lo\~ of"'-- A.Ate' 1> ~.qt"''5d W\.1'c.c..+ -fo-tl-v (.(.)or",·"" flvt'. p"u,,"':;7
    -+"-o\lo~k f ...... -.:4c-.-. 'et'\e ........ ~ "'''''c:l Q.cc.e" ..,...:+ ~ ih c:L·.s~s,·-h·(J1".

    ScMeAAJ,c. ~ &\Ve~ PA-"TA: See. ~o\u.+~ 10 'Prob\em 9.#08.


    MSUMPTlOkJS" So.~e t.L prolol~~ S.bS. A-l~oJ \et To:' 52-0°R.) po: I \~/(",z:
    ANM..'1S\s·. e~C"'Jrl~V\C.'fClo( sMe. is . ./-~)C~ li.t fWl. SOllL+c.~ fc Proble~ 8.(,9.
    Tk.e.speCl--fCc. eVl~ PI~ A. ..... et ~lA. h-vp,-es ~ roe:
    '5+Me.. k (6\u./lb ) s (0\U./Uo .oR)
    I ISI/7..5 l.lpJ S9
    Z. J /.101/. 2 I. (031 S
    3 /272.0 /.(0507
    Lf /231..1 l.foS(,q
    S 1532.1 t nzo»
    "8
    7
    13'f1.5
    J1/8.0
    {Pq.1'f
    1/1'-155
    1.&JttB8
    ,/32 '7
    9 f,Q.80 132"'1
    10 Iq b, 2(P 033.1:)8
    1/ 203.2.8 • 33SB
    17- 33'1.10 .5159
    1.3 4'72..2.2 .(,"4
    llf LiII.7 .b723
    ,s 4,1. "l .ces»
    1(, ..33b. ~ .5 :2.08
    /1 '336. z .5221

    From fu SollA.:h..~ -to Propl-eM 8.1#8 ~ ~J =5.28"X/D" Ih/~J ,#'=.1'17..8)


    'cf 1/ ::. , 12"l > J ';j HI ':. • oY 3lf ..
    INPUTS
    Bon e..,./S'1'e~ ~ eo..+e.f":
    -rOlcefl-ef,1»: Wl, Llh,-n,3)-To ( S,-S'3)]

    ::.~. ZS'XIO'" ~) ((lSc.f2.S - 41Z.202.) -~'2.0)( '.lD /S'C) -. ' " 'l'iU ~v..
    q
    -= 3.05 XIO 8N./h
    RetA~t~:
    CI-~J'-'a··)~. (e:fS'-~+) = (/-~'-~")vh, [l.l.as-t,v>- To(Ss-S't>J
    ::. ".31'2.. «co 8 8tu./~

    OOTPUT~ n.e.t ev.tf\'\'''t .


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    I-oss
    Ccn.cJ,. t¢+tst!r e, ~ I (I-~" - ~ ..- ~ ,\I ) ( ef7 - ~ e")
    los,
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    -= ~.S.38 KIO 8 f>kt/~ . . .1 I-o-.s
    . --------------....; ;.

    s-u«
    J) a'rtz.ucr LON So
    Tu.rb,~e. :
    Ed.:: To~, (cT-f:t4,r'b/-M,)
    =- To ~I [C1-~''''':1''-';1'''') $7+ ~'''$b -(I-~'-f')(jl-SC()+~"S3f-~'S'2.-s,J
    =- ~, '52.1 Xl 0 8 Bkc.l k
    ~~O I~h",~ heGl.~ :
    Eci-== To w" r ~ '(s,'t- 5 ),J + (5'3- S ,&.)1 ': . 7
    3.<f' ><'(0 &\tAlk
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    7
    skt/'"
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    =- 5.Sct Xi0 1 6f.u1 ~
    TrGfs ~
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    3. 't 7 8 Xl 0 8 8Ju/~
    ' - ole,",o~..J
    Fa~ CL l~, -10 ~"'m tI1 (( ,..'-"1. e :
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    Los« ~ 2..e~8 XIO'
    J)~.s~el~ 3.CflB )(1.0'8
    3. (,,~2.)<108 ~k
    CD /(NoWN: The r'"~eYle ...a.h·ve vo.por"" poweya oac/e of Prohlem 8.1-1 is analCJze::f
    f ....o M the peV"SpecA-l"ve of e.)(er~~ ~"",,*,-V\~_
    FINO.~ ]ef.e.f"m I'ne -the Y?:Lfe Df elCe f'Ci) ~ In pu.t to +l1e war"-. ~1 1-/ U-I·d.
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    ilJ a.CCOUKi. Idr -1-'1.1,5 eY;:er~J'
    SCI+6MA'C'/C i CTl V5f\J MTA: See. $0/1..(.+("011\ 1-0 Problem $. rl.
    llssuMPTlON~: Sa.Me ttS i#1 Prd>/e.m 8.-·11. AlsoJ let. ~ ::. 52-e D t< eU1~
    Po:: IlI.7 1'f-/{I'\2:

    A-NM)f$(S: . l!ac.Lt fn·~c.i(Ja.( srl£te is fJx.eJ. itA -HAe solu..twl'\ 10 Prottet'h B. rl.
    The spectf(c, ertt/Ao.{p,es (uv,( eutrvpl8& ana.:

    5fa.k h(GWlb) sC8-1u/lb.°f<)


    I /388.5 ',Sfo6S
    Z I J 9fo. 3 t.eoi s
    3 1187.8 1,(,,03'-/
    Lf. I ;z.'ly.. 2 /.72.3lf
    5 1001..5 J.7CJlll
    (0 ~'i.7'f 0,13 ~7
    7 70.04 O,l3Z,7
    s 5 '12. If O,~l/7 I
    <t 541..4 0.7839
    /0 :z..q6.~ 0.'-l14'1
    II 123, I 0.223/5
    IZ J 2. 5.83 0,223/5

    Fr-om .
    +~e soLu.+\o~ .L.. L\
    lU PrOD eM ' 8:=1-'/
    . t.! 48 xto'1 11-/1~
    -m.,:: p J ~I = o.lt,S', ~ " #0. 9,"0.
    J"'PUT, Bo; ferl Stl-fe,.h€lt+er :
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    =~.14 8 X(O 1 ~ )[(/.388.5"-125'.83) -(52.0)(1.5(,.,"5 - O.Z2.3IS)]~
    = fo.Lf1" X(o<f 8+u./h 413 ]:l'\.pt(L

    LOSS
    (CO
    \. n&tt.llse.r)
    loss S
    ~
    Jr., uJ U (e£ -e )
    :TS""<"
    :=. Wl, yll [C!A s - "I.:» - To(Ss-SG,\]
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    :. 7,00" X £0 B ef<.ll h <a loss.

    '-;41
    PRDf!>£,E/v1 ~.g3 (CoYlf'd)

    DESTR.VC.T lD pJS
    TLU-b';'e s+a5es :
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    = 5. S98XI0 8 t3N/iA
    Heq;f- S>cclttCA.lI\,e r :
    Eel:: ~. To (O--!m I) '=',..;" To [ 'do &I( S If - S 3) +- ~ 'cs 8 - SI ) ]
    -::. ~. '3/ ~ X to 7 iSM/"'-
    Open ), el:tfe,V"" :

    Ed=~, Toea-I,..;.,,) -= ~. To [Su - lj"$7-l;f' s'j - (l-C;j'-Cj") 5/ 0 1


    =I.02.(PXlo 8 eJu11,."
    Trap ~
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    ~{~~ cA(A,~bU": E-J ::. "0

    F,.VI a HoY J -Ib SUM mu ri.te. :


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    Les« ~ 1.00bXI0 8 ( 10.8
    %
    )

    J)esfro,/etl: 7.'''1, 1..)</0 8 c 12.0 % )


    19. 't11 )/.10 q 8#.«/k

    8-148
    /(fVDWAJ: The rejeVleret.fL"ve v¥.or powe;- c.'1cle of prob/4m 8.4-5 is ana./ljzeef
    troW) -fIAe. ~rGfecfwe ~.f. exe"8:j Cfccov",-/iVl:/.
    FIND: J)e.f.erM ,ne -fhe ra.-{e ~f e~e r~!:::J transFer +0 fhe. woriG, ~~ flu.id
    r.(,(.~si"1!J +hrotA..,h f#-1e sfeA.m g.(,He r-a.1"o,- D.tlcl perfcf"wr c~leu.la.tl·tms
    1"0 a.C(,O().rl t -fOr -rhi..s el<et"tj d"
    SCHEMA-TiC 6 'LVEAJ J)~ See sotcciie»: -to froh/~m g.46·
    ~SLJMPTIQNS~ SarJ1e. a..s '"11 Prt>bem e.4S A-lsoJ lef To ='S °c =: 2-881< a.n.e-<.
    1'0 ~ o.t ~Pa.."
    ANAL'fS(S~ From Problem a.4-5) +ke. pn'-tct'petl s-fr;..fes Ct~fi)(ed. srecift<.
    eV&+h~1pies fA.JolcJ. eJ1tropi~ dr"e :

    state hlkJ{kq ) 5 Ck.J/ ~ ·K )


    I ~?J48. Lf ~."5B"
    2- ). 7'11. B (,., 58"
    3 .;lo82.ct ~."SB"
    4 /13.68 0.592'-
    S 'S1.91i 0.5'12"
    'tOt. IH1etJ'0Ia..J.I_~ "va
    "8
    7 ~'l1. Z2-
    "'17.7.2
    /·Q80S
    1.t:te,22
    2..2 SS7 )(8 ': D.21 78
    7ix1tk A-S

    Ft1?fVJ +He s()lu:I-(~ +0. Prohlern 8. 4-5) ~:.


    i1I1c.w:: li()ft,.1 k,/s J 'WcCfe(e = 100 MIiV
    O. 1 S44) rt1,:' '11. i" Ie, Is
    INPUT SfeAm j4!.lIlemfor :
    YV. I ( e,( \- e, 0) :r. ~, [( k I - h" ) - T(') ( S 1- S," ) ]

    =. et,·..,(" ~ )[( 3)48.~-10z.) -2-88( ".l95B"-I.Cf805~~~ll~l~~s!


    =11'1. 2 MW~4 ~~_
    itl-ptA-t
    QUIfJlI

    ( N.et power- o(.(..tpwt) ::. 100 ~w ..... -- _


    of ~c.(e Ou.taa u:t
    L..o~S

    CDI'tdeme rj '(
    ( Lo s s
    ;;> = Y1o'\ I eL~ I 0","* - e'J i.... ) C.W
    ~ M l ((hCW,DCc.t- hew,i", )-To(ScwJO"ce:t-Sc.(.AI,i",l]

    u's l~~ he w :: Ltf (T cw) 0..\1\.0< ~CW = Sf CTc.w)


    (Co~~:Sf:(,) =(Cf 1.7b )[CJ'I"."S- b2.Cl1) -288(.505''3 - .22\(S)]I/~31
    =' D.2S'l MW.. ~ ~_

    LD'S
    bESTRUCTLO IJS
    Closet{ heo.ter- ~
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    :. 5.3 I"1W
    Troo :
    Eel : WI, To(ci-I';",) :: ~, To (~(S8-S7)J
    -= ,.tt" MW
    Con~el;ts~"" :
    An eMtropl.j ~'ll(uu:e -for 0. eowrr»] VO(LAMe elllc.Wsi~ -flte.
    C("'"~,W.Ser-- ? wes
    /ti.{0 [
    o :. fWJ J
    • + rh, (,- y) $3'" ~ 58 - SCI] t ~cw (Sew";14 - 's"c.""'Jout) + 0-
    Tl.-w.s
    E-d= To <r :{~, l s~ - (, -~) S) - Cd Sg J +~(W (Sc.w"o\.C.t- -SCW,ik )) To

    SUt1IuAMt'l

    Jrtf'f-lf: JI'j.2MW Ou.fput : JoO


    Lo SS '. O. 2"
    '1>e.sfr0 Cj eJ. : /9. Sb
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    os e: ~~"""" A+ V'D.. .... ·OU~ 1t>c.An·OVlS, ~~ +l4.A S-l-<,,- Cj~He"'A/orJ Sp~c..",,·,-
    e'terjj 11".. 110\4',( Q"'~ pt'o".·d~c:I for'" +"'-t. .f"tel) Q.if'; ~",d EheLc. j4r~S,
    FINO: De +.".......)\40, cu p.~(."'-f#<.,'f"$ 6-(. "'lote ev.;.e".~'1 e.·d........ , ,A...·t~+~
    fc.teIJ{Q,)~ W-c"sy ell"""'lA, cAJl+a-.~ sol-de. 'A~.).I(Io) ~a'"'S.., d.l+nJ~ 1M ~
    '54« _ "jt"fo\pr... ~"') (c) lote t- pOl.Al4r tI.~IMLflpedJ Cd) (JC,... r- S 7 etp"IYo~Dl ~ ~
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    cl~s ~<r d ....::. ~ ~d ..... s-er .

    Exiting stack gases


    1 ep-= ,3)$" Btv.llb
    I

    \ ~
    W\~
    ~ IS.'
    T I
    I
    I Heat exchanger unit
    L _
    "qoo°F l\of.
    7;
    Fuel p, "" Soo._
    I ,,,,"
    Air
    r-+------+---,
    --{>
    (l'o) Po): f-----....L.-----t----' Cycle working
    [
    fluid
    '2. I I
    ~=--------=-- t W c.oacle
    .s t
    t I
    ASSlJMPTloNS: (I) E'Q.C~ GO""'fOneud- t /;> I
    is t1t\o.l'j "l.~c;( t:lS C4. ccwfTbl \(OLu.M~ : I :
    1I+ S+~ s ....te.. (:2.) The\"~ tVe. 1\0: :
    6m.~ he<Lt ~&{!e~ f« (J.M.j UM- I 3 :
    ponet.d: .(3) fcIVae.+Lc d. ~ po;I-eAl\ttttl ~____________
    Condenser
    _ J
    e£l\~J:9~ oc-ffe d'S ere: n(."l.iqi I>Ie.. (ij)L..e..t Cooling Cooling
    10-5"31 R) Po =ICl.7 1b-f"W\~ w~l,bnr' cjg~Ft
    ANM...'(Sl~~ F \.~+ If-\.)( eCt.et.. f)~ ~ fri"'~,,~ ~~~ of ~ ~cle.
    SWe \ f\::>.50o ~w.l\",~ ~"'I::.'looOF =t> "',: 14foCD.$ 8ka./lb)5):,.~'67~/lb.~
    ~it:!*e. 'Z. f"2.= j. \b~·~z. "l'l.=$'\' =t> h'1.= L01L!.<.fo ~"""lb) S-z.=I.'l2Zb 6~/~.0R..
    J

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    W ,'"'-. ~ (>"-"""P d+~ Co \ ~"'~ :> "''t::' "'3+l~'tS~;3):'11.'l# 6w./l~
    ~4 ~ o.i '31.1 e-tv../tll,
    A~~L'tSlS: Ceq M.r' t'W st-..clc 9....tE~S
    Ep _ 3)SB+o.y'l&(fuel) := a.olS" <'1.~(),4).
    I; - ",3'Z."2. '8~'b(fctel)

    (I,) AV\ ~""-:J'" r'A.-K b ... lCl\.~'~ f-- te--- 'S~"""" ~~""&-y,,~ ~I\..&ot
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    ~ .
    ~6 - eF - ~9 ~ ~s't ll".. -l-\, ) - Toc.s~ - '),) J
    ~F ""-F
    : "t.'Z.,:nl. _ '3'l~ + IS'" [l"l.l"4- Itf"'~) - S1'1lo.11N- "''fil]]
    = ,a,C-I' 8~ J Ih{~~

    15)c"ICf e O.~I
    '1.2,'31.L

    ~~151
    P~()rll.e ~ '&·8\" ( (ot11-d.)

    (() T"'-.Q "" of. \.ob 0 ... t: cleo "eo l4>"., -4 ~ v ~ """'-- U " f ~ e'1 fa.,,-,' i"\' c,.;
    •
    W~et
    -,.;.;;...-: ::~ [ (c", -.., 1.) - (\''1 - a.,;))J -= I Sll(Cl "".r-- Jo7Y . to,) - (7/.7'1 - ~'.7)l)]

    :: 5887 B""-{ 'b(f-.,I)


    -4-- cc)
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    '2.2.1 ~ '2.L.

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    2.2,1"'-

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    o.~,u.
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    Heat exchanger unit
    ().(,~J
    'f '+~0c. lOt) 188.1
    --------------[
    [
    I r 2.0 ,q. D.2/t"-
    Fuel I
    I
    ~S" L'4{,.1' o.sOSJ
    Air , I
    I fo
    I
    e'F = : [

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    : Net power out tll\t.(OS""'~ Cae,", c.o~Ol/lt""+ o..r~ ~
    ~~o :I I
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    hr: 8+, s(:. ".1.1C.', h~= 'I/.(,.,?-) s,=o.'SOS'J

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    ''1,'1)0 1l:.':l/~~(F)

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    , ,

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    ll:S(.F,) '+1 roo (b.yt(;)

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    1+/:"00

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    ·f ~el: (/00%)

    • 6'lCe.r1'f ov.t
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    c..ol.·.. ~ wal-fa.,-
    ( '.'10%)
    S", c. t. ., 4S.....s &$"0 ( I.o~)
    E''t(""" '1 0. r ~'rd
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    Cz.s%)
    ( " (I "1,;)
    (, (00 ~/\I)
    c ER NINE

    GAS POWER
    SYSTEMS
    Kt\)Quu.> : A't\ o.:W·- S-ta.\Ado..VtJ. otto CA.:.\~\e. \-\Q,.~ 0... \c:.'t\ow~ CO'f\'.PYe~SlO'" Y"'tA.tio
    <1\.~~ 0.. ~ed~ic.e.\ ~~te a.t f"he. 'o~~~~\V\~ ot c..o'MfY"~S'.slO~. The.
    "'~ o.c.l~\t\()V\ yer U.\~\'\- V'IIA,U 0+ ~\.r is ~\ve\l\.
    f \t.)lH 'De+t(M\"'~ \0-) -t~e.. 't\e.:c WOY\:. V~y \A.\v..T 'l/'V\kU ot C4\.r Ski) -tkC-
    ~'("'M"'\ t.~.t-\c.i~\\.C\.\) (c.) t-ke. Me.G\.~ e~ec.+We. IPn:S~'-lre., ~'VI<:l
    cd) tke W\NdMU-V\It c.icl~ ...eV'l\pe,~fu.(e. (e) Plb"'e4c.~ of +Nt..re.
    1"Cl"Hper "er~14S c.o.....,re"~.$ i ~ 1"4Ilo""·0.

    5Cl±EAATlC. t 4\ VE.N PA=TA :

    v.r«; == 8. S
    Q~ ::. l ~oo ":t/\~
    If
    ~ : 100 kP...
    Tl : 3001<
    'V"

    ANA-I,..'1~lS: 15e~\11\ b~ .f.\xi~ ~Q.c.~ r""'~G\pt41 ,k-k o~ +'tc ~d«-ra.b'e A- 22.).


    s-tn.te. l f,:= 100 "p~J -r; ~ 300K ~ u.. -:: 2.ICf. 0"7 /c'J"1 ~ .) tr.... :a ,"ZI. '2.

    ~ia.te. 2. For isudroptc. <:.on\fy-essio",",


    .... _ .._ V2. (,,2.1.2-
    """""'I. - '"'r, -V, :: B.S <:. 73.082-
    ~) Tz. = ~8B.'2. k) = 50.3.0" 'U.'Z"

    5ta,te. 3 rite sf'4cit ic, iV\+e~Y\,,1 e.ntr~~ u, 3 is -k>u."'( uSI~9 -l-k.e. e,neY"5'j
    b(l.\~\I\c.~ fat- froc.ess 2.-3 0

    m (u~ - u.'Z,,) :: Q. s - )1«3


    1..l 3 ,. Q~ + Uo'Z,,:' l400 ~~ t- 503.0" ~ -=. "W3.0~
    T~s) T3 : 1.2..3k. 3 f( J v"'J -=. t/Wl2. (01) 73
    Sto.te4 FD1'" the iseV\:\"rc!)ftc. e)(fa.~'s\o""t\,.
    V.. VI I.
    V1'4 : tr.,.s V:r, .. 'lira V'1. :\1.'U'\2. )(6.5) ::. 1~.3)3Z.

    FI"rlo.lll.j a l't : 115'1.3 I< I u,.. ~ gq'2..'tS k:r/\~

    C~) To +\V\a -\"ke. net \)Jot'''- \ ""o~e... ~+ 'IV"'\ c.l'& • Q CIo)c.\'" Sb

    'N~'ic.le Q Q Q
    :: ~ - -.!!.: -!.! - (lL...~ u, , )
    VV\ 'Y\"\ VV\ W\ "T

    <'b) The. +~Q.~1II\Q.\ etfi.(,\~ .... ~ l~


    : \&.(00 - ( 8'\1..QS - 2.\'t.01) = 121.1'2. \c"l"
    ~ .
    '\1\ = W~c.\e/VV\ ~ 121.12
    • \. - - - :. O. 51 S ( St. 5 0/0) oll!'~---_""":"
    Q-z. 1I 1VV\ 1'ioo oq;

    lc..) Th4. ~~t\'l.c.~~ tVotu.~L. 'L& V.-\l-a. :. "M('\F,-v..) , So +"~ YM!A.\o\


    't.c.~<Lc.kWe. ffL~SU"''' 'l~ ~ \.V~~ \o~
    '1-1
    W~t.l& ~ WCoAj,\e/V\I\ 'VJ~(,.\« l~
    :.
    VI - \/ 2. "0", -"~ V; (I - V... I \$j )

    "V'I = :: (~7 ~) (~OO l<)


    (100 k Po..)
    I\ \c:p,,-
    H)'S N /W\'&.
    /1 10 ~ N·"'"
    'k.'T
    I
    :. 0.8'" ~3/"5

    :.
    L"12.1.12 leTIk.<j )
    (O.6lo1 ~) (1- CS)
    I \c.r~
    IO~NI'tl-\L
    I
    (e) ~ep
    '=- C\li'L 2. ~P~ tEl.-a~-----------_-:.....---'-

    IT Code
    Wcycle = Ocycle
    r= 8.5
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    0411 m = u4 - u1
    T1 = 300 II K
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    0231 m = 1400 II kJ/kg
    V1 = v1 * m
    m = 1 II assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    V2 = v2 * m
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 - V2)
    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1)
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T(IAir", T1)
    s2 = s1
    =
    v2 v11 r
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2,p2)
    IT Results for r = 0.85
    u2 = u_T(IAir", T2) 041/m = 678.8 kJ/kg
    v3 = v2 T 4 = 1155 K
    m * (u3 - u2) = 023 - W23 U1 = 213.9 kJ/kg
    W23=0 U2 = 502.9 kJ/kg
    u3 = u_T(IAir", T3) U3 = 1903 kJ/kg
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3) U4 = 892.7 kJ/kg
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3) v1 = 0.861 m3 /kg
    v4 = r * v3 WcyclJm = 721.2 kJ/kg
    s4 = s3 11 = 0.5151
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4) T 3 = 2233 K
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4) mep = 949.4 kPa
    u4 = u_T(IAir", T4)

    '1-2
    PLOTS:
    800 0.6
    700
    0.5
    ~ 600
    0>
    ~
    ....... 0.4
    -:l
    sc 500
    ~

    -.,E 400 ~ 0.3


    ~
    0

    S 300 0.2
    200
    0.1
    100
    0 0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

    1200 2400
    2200
    1000 2000
    1800
    800 1600
    I1l
    CL 1400
    ~ ~
    ~
    600 ~

    1200
    0-
    Q) '"
    f- 1000
    E
    400 800
    600
    200 400 -
    200 -
    0 0 I I I T I
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
    ktvQUUy: It cott,{ a.w--s.Ja",,~~re< otto ~(,le VIAs A.k.V\.oc.,O\,\ c..o~(t'sslOl"nd·\o
    a.~ ~ spe.Cl.+' eA. s~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~V\.\ ~ o~ CA't\Af'n $$ I ~ . T~ kRo.:(-
    ~tL.~ p~r\A\M.t 'Mt4~S O~ ~Lr is, ~\Ve.lA.

    BlVO: D.t~.,~\"'e (~) ~ ~e.t- wo.r.c. per u.~\.t \W4c;S of Q.\,r .><-.bl ikt tlMrood
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    Se.~e ':\A:rlG ~ C,IVQJ DA-l"A: f vc.r1:\U c.o""'Pv~ssioll. t'(lf'I.O.
    'I. /\/'1. = 8 .s
    ~ ::. rxcc \:r
    ~
    It
    P. -= 100 Ie. Po..
    T,:' 300K
    !rS~OMPTlO~S: S ee E2C'()..~'e q.I.
    A-!so", dS~UMe. COYlSfd",.:t ~,eci.fic. hw:fs
    evaLUAted o-t 300/(,.
    kNAt.'IS1S: F,;!.t, c(4.+e~ti-\e f'u. te'Mfua.feA.r~ Q..t eo.ck f rt lAC i(Jo,( ~fo,-fe. of
    iiu ~cle.. T, -::. 300 It::. \S ~1VtM..
    Shi..\e~·. For ise.V\trO(lic. CO't\A..{),(,~$~\·Oll\",)"T:- -:. (v\/v"I.)\r.-lT , -= 10CD.1 I<.
    Wne'('~ k =\.tt froW\ To,b/e A -10.
    5We. :> .. ~ +e.~~~V'~ T 3 is .feu.v..J \A~\~ -I-k e\i\e~'1 blA.b,v.ce fo-r
    ?"<"o,e~s '2 -3 •. /0
    'W\ L\..l~-v..'l..) -:. Q"1.~ -)P""2-'J =t> W\ ~ ("'~-T"I.) Gh)

    I'" -to
    c

    T ~ '::. (Q.·u I VV\) + T 110::'


    c""
    1'tOo
    0.'118
    "J"1c.~1~.K Ob K ::. 2" 5" K
    7.1 \ T,3,
    ste4e. 'I" For fu lseV\lf-ro(l~c. e2Cpal.\r.l~)
    (~ ,,-\ (\J )~-I I k-f
    T'f -:. Vlf) T 3 :. ~. T'J :. (8.S)(2-lc>S,") ~ 1/28.41<:.
    (~) To t.\\~~ +\,..0. ",.e.* \.Uo-r\c.) ""~~ ~ \N~c.l~ ':'.. Q.~(.\.lt. ~ So

    w~~ ::. Q~ _ ~ ::. Q~ _ ~'T" -T.)


    :. 1~()O - (.'\~)(H'Z.8.~ - "3001 ':'.. BoS.'2. k;rl~~
    (b) nu. ~~ e.«-tC.l~"'-Ut
    J
    cs \.V\..': \rJ~~le/~
    "" (
    _
    - 0.515
    (
    51.5 DID )"'fllIi~----':'
    ""'''Z.~~

    (c) ~ ~ e«'t.tA-we. Fe~~u.y.e \~ SWQ.V\.. "9"j


    \fV\e.l> ':: W ua to\. ~ ::. \tJ c.aa e.\eo -::. \]>I«jf de I"'"
    'J \ - \) -z. '\M <. 'U\- \3'",') 'Uj (I - U'$/ '\T.)

    ~ l t~.~l ~) ( 300 \c.)


    (I 00 \<P~ ')

    ::. 0.8Co\ 'M~/~


    ~ W\~ =. (805."2. "~IL)
    -=-"":3_ lO~ t.J'1N\

    ~~"'\ ~) (L - t;) \ lc'3'


    PRoe>L6M G\,2 (~.flot )
    Ike c1tk ~ 1'Wl. '("e.~u.w-eJ p\ots cro(lL ob.wM'L4etlltsi\f\.~
    IT Code
    r = 8.5
    p1 = 100 II kPa IT Results for r = 0.85
    T1 = 300 11K
    041 /m = 594.8 kJ/kg
    023 I m = 1400 II kJ/kg
    m = 1 II assume a unit mass of 1 kg. T 2=706.1 K
    cv = cv_T("Air", T1) T 4=1129K
    k=1.4 c,> 0.7172 kJ/kg·K
    3/kg
    V1 = 0.861 m
    Rbar = 8.314
    =
    M 28.97 k= 1.4
    WcyclJm = 805.2 kJ/kg
    v1 = R * T1 I p1 11 = 0.5752
    R = Rbar 1M T 3 = 2658 K
    T2 = T1 * rA(k-1) mep = 1060 kPa
    m * cv * (T3 - T2) = 023 - W23
    W23=0
    T4 = T3 * (1 I r)A(k - 1)

    Wcycle = Ocycle
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m
    0411 m = cv * (T4 - T1)
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    V1 = v1 * m
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 * ( 1 - 1 I r))
    PLoTS:
    900 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 0.7
    800
    0.6
    700
    c; 0.5
    600
    --
    .Y.

    ~
    ~
    500 0.4
    ~
    -.,E 400 0.3
    S
    s 300
    0.2
    200
    100 0.1

    0
    o 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

    1200 2800

    2400 ~
    1000
    ~
    2000 ~
    800
    (II
    a, 1600 -
    .Y. ~
    600 ~

    0-
    <1l ~ 1200 -
    E
    400
    800 -
    200
    400
    0 0 I
    I
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
    q-5
    !<NowN', Al"I Q.""'·s+",,,c:L,..,.~ Otto cycLe io\",..s A. 11::10400....,'" c::.O"""r'~~f"""'- t"A-h'O,J
    0. sp.c.;h'~d sf-... +~ 0.+.,.",.., Io.t'v",''''j of c.o-f~sr"o".,/ Q.t\d. ~ sp~e..~·ed
    ~ c .... V _ 4e --pc t/'"tA +c.-.t q ,

    f..!!::!.E: De.-k't'~'"e. (0.) ~ k.Q ... + A.c1d c J ,/ (to) lI1er ("uOY"'~J Cc) +-~ .._..A. (.t~'C4-~"'''1.J
    (d) "",eA"" *c,..f'\'~ p-uu~~# ALro" (e) d.(>ve(ul" o: ~11 a CCc1v 0\ of--/-"-- H,.,,
    elC.r~ -tr"'....t -1--"0- ~"''''tj "'-~ ... J~'-h'- c. ..... (f) clev~~ -tv.' VA ~ A,k
    e~e r,~~'t ~+f't' r-» ' (J
    46'\6

    SC~c. ~ -(:,\ V'GIJ DMA ~


    s.t»; :. 8
    'P.: I b4N'
    T, :. '2.4io\C
    ., " , ':. '-(.00 elo'l/\3
    AsS\)(\AjI:n~N" ~ See 'E:~tA.~,e. q.1
    AlSo<:l, let '"10 1: ~<tOI<) Po:. I bAr:
    'IT
    ANM..'iS\S~ FIrst J .fl",- tA.cl" of ~ fr,i-\e~p«( s~ies~f f(...A. ~c((2 (T~ble. -t, Z 2.).
    5We. 1 ~ Po I:l 'ba.r> T, -= 2.'olc: ~ "', .... '20~.c::r J 1:.':T/1cs ,,"LT'-I = ~"'b,1
    S·kde,2.~ For iS~""~fl'~ to"""~'S(·cnt." 1Jf- 110 = tr,.,\VZ./".) = "~., -:.8Q.51'2S
    TkMs, 'r; :. fD52·4 I<. j Ll" x LftzS.tI ~:T/1c.cj
    Sfc.ck. ~ ~ T3 :. 2.'Z.oo\< ~ (..(3 ~ I 87Z.lI Ie:r/~ "trr-s e, 2.01')...
    steele. 'f ~ For is eli\;h-opic. e.~PG("'SI"o-M. oJ 1.T Cl r e, '1r r3( "¥fv J) =v,. ~ ( "1/ I/.~) : 1".el('
    'TtAAA~, ''t ''It 1I5'1. 3 I::::. U ~ s 5e:t 1. 3 ,,:~rl ~
    *
    j

    h~d.. t~ "e~-t o.J.4l+t ~ ~.fW~ Glde."'~~e -Ku. 'M..A.~S


    (0.) 10

    W\ : ~
    R:r.
    ':. ( I btW'")( 400 c.'f\I\3)
    (8.3W Ic:.T \ (2..'\oK.)
    I ros NIll\211
    1 /octv'
    'k'3"
    IO'S""'M,
    o.i.r
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    lo"c",,3
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    =-
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    = O.Co' 15 lc.:r ~~ _

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    ~ O.«'-ll 5 - (It.80(,. XlO-I.() ( Sq 1. ~ - 20lo.'ll) =- 0.3"3'1 ~j. WUj41~
    (C.) Th.J.. ~MC( \ e~('\~\H~ is
    '\11 -::. W¥le =- ."3311 e, O. SO(,g (50.(, Of,,)
    "\' Q1-~ .~1/5 ~~----------
    ...

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    .

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    O·

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    ""'*" VJrJr~ delle l(),....) +0 -t'-- e.,.ce,.,,'::1 tI'o.du d . 8l,,,,,sp.#cn"V\A o f ~
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    '1-10
    The. d~ m +lrte. V"L1v.i~e& plok /lre. cs bt-tl.ll.te.J \.l$l~1 rr', AS to LtowS. See Probl~ q.3
    W(' So..V\'\p\€ ccJCtAlcJ:ioYts for ~ ~e. of. r- ~ 8.
    IT Code
    r= 8 m * (u3 - u2) = Q23 - W23 II kJ
    p1 = 1 II bar W23=0
    T1 = 290 11K Wcycle = Qcycle II kJ
    V1 = 400 II em" Wcycle I m = Q23 I m - Q41 I m
    T3 = 2200 II K Q411 m = u4 - u1
    eta = Wcycle I Q23
    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1) mep = Wcycle * ( 10"3/10"5) I ((V1/10 "6) * (1 - 11 r)) II bar
    v1 = (V1/10"6) I m IT results for r = 8
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1) Q 4= 0.3312 kJ
    s2 = s1 T z = 652.4 K
    v2 = v11 r T 4 = 1158 K
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2) U1 = 206.8 kJ
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2, p2) Uz = 474.9 kJ
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2) U3 = 1871 kJ
    v3 = v2 u4 = 896 kJ
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) T 3 = 2200 K
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3) QZ3 = 0.6707 kJ
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3 Wcycle = 0.3395 kJ
    v4 = r * v3 11 = 0.5062
    s4 = s3 mep = 9.7 bar
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4) 0.6 , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)
    0.5

    0.4
    Pt..OTS:
    !=" 0.3

    0.2

    0.8
    0.1

    S
    IJl
    0.6
    c 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    g
    >- 0.4
    ~

    :v-------
    10 ---.---------========~
    (J)
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    (J)

    0.2 -G-- network


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    7
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ~ 6
    .0
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    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    PROBLeM 't.S-
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    Sc..lf5MArlC. S. ~ 1V~ bA=rA-: -

    V,/V"&. :. 8
    P, ':. \ bON'
    If 7i:o. Z.QO«.
    asSVMPTlONS: So.~e. cu EX'~."-pI~ q" VI: 400 (.."",8
    A's OJ ~ssfJ me... c.onsfA (l-t;
    Sf~lhc. 17ecr.Js -evo.ll.C...el.feJ a.+ 300K
    a~ lu 7,,:0 2-'iOI<) Po:" ~Q.4".
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    of +WL ~. 7; = 2 q 0 ~ ts 81 ve.t'\. •
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    w"ev-e. Ie. =(.LI ~ ToJole. A- ~o
    sfaJe. 3.~ T 3 = 220~K is ~i""e.¥\..
    5frHe lot: Fof' ise "W\-h-upLc:. elCpC4I1lSl~ J
    V *,,1 )Je.'
    Ttl:' ( :'i)'3 '=- (~
    =- qS7. ~ K
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    = ().S2.Q3 I<J......I-- -=
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    '1-/2.
    Cdl Tl.t~~ foy-fW ~~t(.Lv-d flots~ olol-a.~l.ieA()tl~ I~ a.s fo~lDws;
    ITCode v4 =r" VJ
    r= 6 s4 = s3
    p1 = 14.2 IIIbf/in 2 v4 = V_TP("Air",T4,p4)
    T1 = 520 II oR s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    0231 m = 600 II Btu/lb u4 = u_T("Air", T4)
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 lb. Wcycle I m = 023 I m - 041 I m
    041/m=u4-u1
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1 ,p1) eta = Wcycle I 023
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    s2 = s1
    v2=v1/r IT Results for r = 6
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2,p2) T 2 = 1051 oR
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2) T 4 = 2229 oR
    v3=v2 P2 = 172.1 Ibf/in.2
    m * (u3 - u2) = 023 - W23 U1 = 88.73 Btu/lb
    W23=0 U2 = 181.6 Btu/lb
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) U3 = 781.6 Btu/lb
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3,p3) U4 = 415.4 Btu/lb
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) Wcyc1ellb = 273.3 Btu/lb
    041/1b = 326.7 Btu/lb
    T 3 = 3865 oR
    P3 = 633.2 Ibf/in. 2
    II = 0.4555
    4500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 2500 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    4000
    3500 2000

    3000 -
    ~ 1500
    ~ 2500 - ~
    .0
    °
    ;' 2000 - =
    3.. 1000
    1500 -
    1000 - 500
    500 -

    I I I I
    o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 o 246 8 10 12 14 16 18

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    ("
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    'M tU,. '!o -u....) ::. Q 2. '3 -)Jli3° ~ Q'2.-, .... 'M ~ (\~ - Ioz.)

    1\.vJ...s 'T ~ '::. Q.,.,> + T = bClO 0-\v.I \b


    "'" c..:,. 2.. # 1"1\ 6\ou./llo.O~ + lO~".-r -Ie.
    =- 451S.5 -I.... ... T'3
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    P'l. ':. ~ r~1 rl =. 1'1 it. 8 1I,.f!.......t:

    Now> 5\"'c.e, V?i =-V7-:> f~ =.

    (c) T~ ~~C4\ e~\c.\'C."'~ COl'" ~~ C\~~'4'W\\",eJ U!.\~ ~.


    * 1'2- =.1&.1,\,2> \b.c-h~: 4

    '1.8
    p,

    \ ,
    V\. -= \- '(" \4-\ ::. \ - (v""..,.)'<-I

    ':- \ - -=- 0.5 (25 (51.Z5;0 ) < l < a l - - - - - - -

    (cA) The. ~~ ~ ,<~u..weA flok W'e ob~l.\~ U4\~ LT~ ~ totlows ~


    IT Code
    p1 = 14.2 II Ibf/in.2
    T1 = 520 II oR
    r= 6
    =
    Q23 600 II Btu
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 lb.
    =
    ev ev_T("Air", T1)
    ep = ep_T("Air", T1)
    IT Results for r = 6
    k = ep I ev
    T2 1066
    =
    (T2 I T1) r"(k - 1) T3 4573
    Q23 = m * ev * (T3 - T2) eta 0.512
    =
    (p2 I p1) (T2 I T1)"(k I (k - 1» k 1.4
    p3 I p2 = T3 I T2 p2 174.6
    eta = 1 - 1 I (r"(k - 1» p3 749.3
    PLOTS :
    5000 -

    4000 -

    3000 -
    .~
    co
    t- 2000-

    1000

    I I I

    o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

    2500

    2000

    '"c 1500
    ~
    .0
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    0-

    500

    0
    0
    /
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

    0.7

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4
    ~
    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
    PROI1>C£M. 'l9

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    SCHEMATIC. 2. (i,lveN DATA:
    p :JOOO~ 73 ~ 50()oO~

    r :. 111 11.J'~ =", 8} /0


    P, =''1.7 lfof/i",-z.
    T, = S30°R.

    A-SSLJ MPTIOAJS: Same as EX(}.MP/~ <1. I.

    "\.J
    ANA-LYS/$: ~te- ~ ~ .foe V":.!> , I J : l.oooDR (.($\103 Ta!ol~ A-OZ 2. a.
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    , 18.'IZ25

    ~) T-z. =-"'10.1 OR a.1I\.J, u'1.:: 20'.3.3 '&\-v-/lb.


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    '11", )
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    U 3 =3b 7." I BftA/ II, J ZJ;. 3 = If. '2.58 I tJ'rtf =3 f.{. 0"4 J Ue,:' 'b«{. 2.~ .8k.c I f1.>

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    :.
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    I '1 ')~ H· lkf
    1 SkA.
    III .(42. \ _
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    • l.

    The ~cd·~ .fov- -tk~ Ye.~\.C.~e.& rLo~ a..V"t. Ob~",~ USlWj /11 a.s followS":
    ITCode
    r= 8 Wcycle = 023 - 041
    p1 = 14.7 IIIbf/in2 023 = m * (u3 - u2)
    T1 = 530 II OR 041 = m * (u4 - u1)
    T3 = 2000 II oR eta = Wcycle I 023
    m = 1 II assume a unit mass of 1 lb. V1 = v1 * m
    V2=v2*m
    v1 = v_TP(IAir",T1,p1) mep = Wcycle * (778 1144) I (V1 - V2)
    s1 = s_TP(IAir", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T(IAir", T1)
    CD s2 = s1
    v2=v1/r
    IT Results for r = 8, T3 = 2000 0 R
    T2= 1191°R
    s2 = s_TP(IAir", T2, p2)
    T 4= 953.6°R
    v2 = v_TP(IAir",T2,p2)
    P2 = 264.2Ibf/in.2
    u2 = u_T(IAir", T2)
    P3 = 443.8 lbf/in."
    v3=v2
    v1 = 13.35 fF/lb
    u3 = u_T(IAir", T3)
    02ym = 160 Btu/lb
    v3 = v_TP(IAir",T3,p3)
    041/m = 73.73 Btu/lb
    s3 = s_TP(IAir", T3, p3)
    Wcyc1e!m = 86.29 Btu/lb
    v4=r*v3
    YJ = 0.5393
    s4 = s3
    v4 = v_TP(IAir",T4,p4) mep = 39.9 Ibf/in?
    s4 = s_TP(IAir", T4, p4)
    u4 = u_T(IAir", T4)

    0.4 -+----,------r-----r~-,..--.,....__--r-----,---...--~~____4 O-t----,----r-----r---,-------,,..--,...---.-----,-----r--,-----,--!


    2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

    L Nofe. fW IT !'vo..Lu..ale-s s cr, p) Gtt(-W~ ) a.V\& -Kw.s does ~l)f u/-il,)e +tte.
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    0.60
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    :9

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    g. 80
    E

    0.45

    0.40 01...-""--_-1.-_---'-_---'-_ _.1.--_-'--......


    2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

    Maximum temperture - OR Maximum temperature - 0 R


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    :. O~:2. 11 10""" -q 'IN tq c.\ ~


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    . o-£f2~Z ~\u\~ ''r ..
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    Cl\1;"-St-",d.A,.c:l
    CO~~SI'~ Q.",U -t"'-. ~I_V__ c,Cle.. +e_p~rA+Ufe t:A,,-e 6:.""Dt.UII1,
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    o.",c::l ~ ~ ..... *c...tt'~ p"'-'U\A."~ v~"u..$ C::OMocc-U;""" r&.'h·o l"'A.I'\~"lo'\.' f.ro",,"-
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    P, : I b ...,..
    T. ~ to()l<.
    ---------V
    AAlkWSI$: The toLlo\).)i~ '(e~O'V\'~"'5 \$ \.C.seJ. to solve ~ r('l)lole f'\ol. :

    I. G Ili tAA ~,,<..ue.s of P. J T, J r I ~ T.J.


    2., Fiv 5faJe z u.sl~j idco18(4~ reLa.fL~~
    cw..J. S'T;JP,~ = '(~)Pa.). Whe.vl (,LSI'~
    TlAbJe A- 22. ) -+'fAir is ekp'('e~seJ 1/0\ -fc..rms of -v;... 11J".,.~:. ~ IV,.,
    3. u..e. 11'1. ~ t13 aMJ. ~ id~ tKaM I ./-f>, d Ps . aM
    ~. F;x ~-IrJe 4 as i~ ,-tel' 2 ~ use S(1i J 'P) :: seT.,) f+) O'V Vr"4 /1Tr 3 :.1.1".../1J3.
    NOw I (Lsi/lt~ e~e~Cj boJQMCes) ~ fu ~ fk-d W~3 ~W41':O
    ~,.., ~ mLc.e.~-u.'I.) (I)

    Q4 1 ~ \'\'\ ( l.\ I - L(4) (l.J

    fv.r~, -tor ~ ~
    W~/'M: a.7:~/V'f'\ +Q~, I~
    ~ l1..:: WGc1e-lc./Q -. 3
    11~~ (51
    PR06lEM 't.1 S (~f 'd. )

    It Solu..ft¢.rw. Tu»: r).fX.1vA .tar -& r~uw-et< plot j Q,re obta,i"eJ u.silltj I~ 4.s to tlows:
    ITCode
    p1 = 1 1/ bar
    T1 = 300 1/ K
    r= 5
    T3 = 2000 II K
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    023 = m * (u3 - u2)
    Q41 = m * (u1 - u4)
    v1 = v_Tp(ltAirlt,T1, p1)
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    s1 = s_TP(ltAir lt, T1, p1)
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    u1 = u_T(ltAir", T1)
    mep = (Wcycle I (m * v1 * (1 - 1/r») I 100 II bar
    v2=v1/r
    v2 = v_TP("Airlt,T2,p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Airlt, T2, p2)
    s2 = s1 IT Results for r = 5
    u2 = u_T(ltAirlt, T2)
    v3 = v_TP("Airlt,T3, p3) T 2 = 564.6 K
    v3=v2 T 4=1215K
    u3 = u_T(ltAirlt, T3) P3 = 33.33 bar
    s3 = s_TP(ltAir lt, T3, p3) v1 = 0.861 m3 /kg
    v4 = v1 02~m = 1269 kJ/kg
    v4 = v_TP( ltAirlt,T4, p4) 041/m = -732.3 kJ/kg
    s4 = s_Tp(ltAirlt, T4, p4) Wcycte/m = 536.3 kJ/kg
    s4 = s3 11 = 0.4227
    u4 = u_T(ltAir", T4) mep = 7.787 bar
    PL.O;~ :
    0.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = = 1
    600
    0.5
    500

    0.4
    ~ 400
    --
    ~
    ~ 0.3
    -; 300
    -.,
    /200 0.2

    100 0.1

    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

    9-r-----------------,

    I I I I I I I
    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
    "IJQWA.>: AV\ ClW- S+o..V\GtC(.V'c.( otto ~de. ~a.s k.~O(..AJ'h c.o~I01As at 4-4 h~jlru'lI""~
    of CIH"1'f't'SSz'Q>\.. Tttt.e. ~/W.{AYl1 c~cle. +e~kl.Y~ va.nes ove«: t:t ~tVeA4
    Y'(U\3 e (}.,Yt(). ft..tl. ccr"'f)f'~,r/~ V"a.-I-i..o -I-o-Ic.es (J\'\ specified va.Lue.s.
    f It-Jb : I t\ves+-;~Olte. +lAe. eHecr o~ ~~ SMUM Ctjc1e -kV\Afera-k<,re. ~ f~e. VleA-
    work per u';\it W'a-ss ~ ~Lr.
    SC\iEM+"J'C. cf ~l V€JJ 1'4--1'\:
    3

    A2.sVMPTIOtYS·. Sa-me a.~ Exa.~Ie'1,(.

    If= I },a.r
    1; ~ 2C15 I<.

    A.NAL'ISIS', SA.~Ie. CfA.lculQh.~ ~


    . M \1'''::·8 ..
    V
    4= LOOok U.sl~
    .
    Talole A-"Z2..
    fro~ TafJe A-22) US :. ~IO.4~ k:r{(~ )trr , :.£9 41.,\. Fo'( ",""e coV\Ao{lY"~sioV\ pYOce.t;s
    "\Tt(':z.::' ~)l.rY"'L:: (i)(~~l.Cf)= 8D,~Cf ~ T~={'''2.1~ K)u-z.=48.3.1S k.~{~
    ,Jo<.-U)e:tt T~::' lOooK~ U~:1S'8.Cf4 lc:J'{k~ )V"r.3= ;2.CS,I"1. For -KuL e)tpC\~SL'~
    "\1"('4 :. ~)1.f"'3 -:=. ('~.J'\J'(?I ': CB)(;lS.\'>:' ~DI.3(, ~ u+ = 3~b,.?O b'fl~
    S,IiI(.€.W'2,.")=W4\L::' O ) Q'Z.~/W\=~)-\..\'Z.)~ Q~,/l'\'\::' (u..,-u 4 ) · t=or~
    ~) W~c\e -:.. G~. ~
    WU1rAe./ 'rV\ -= CU}-l..{l.) +(U I - u ' 4 ) -:. (1S'B.<:r4 -483,IS)t(2.IO,4Cf -'3~b.5o)
    -= 14Q.1B (J/~
    ITCode
    800
    p1 = 1 II bar
    T1 = 295 II K 700
    T3 = 1000 II K
    r= 8 600
    v1 = v_ TP("Air",T1, p1) OJ
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    --
    ..>c:
    --,
    ..>c:
    ~
    500
    400
    v2 = v1 I r E
    -.,
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2) ~
    o 300
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2) S
    s2 = s1 200
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    100
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) IT Results for r = 8 0
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) and T3 = 1000K 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
    v3=v2 U1 =210.4 kJ/kg
    v4 = v1 T 2 = 662.8 K T3 (K)
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4) U2 = 483 kJ/kg We.. See froM fk4 plo+ ~ +kL I-te.+ \VO'lk.
    U3 = 758.6 kJ/kg
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3 T 4 = 468.6 K
    \''AoreA.te~ <.tid"'" T3 e:t+ +\Xe.J. c.o~fesslO')\
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4) U4 = 336.2 kJ/kg r:.a..H.~. As\5,O J ~ plots cr~s eAcL.. o-\1Aw)
    Wcycle = (u3 - u2) + (u1 - u4) WcyclJm = 149.8 kJ/kg \1A~+\""1 ~ ('.a.\~~ of w+~~
    cll.~.(eN".s clepe.~lA1
    01A. T3 .
    PR,ogL.cM 'f.rr
    ~Nlo(UN: A>'\ Qi"-S~A.",~,..-l A+lc.il1.rOfot C''1c1e htu A. I<.~.w..., c.o.....'c."..us;o"'" f\r-i-'o
    for ts~",-fn>p'·c. Co"""," f'-'Ut!i 0&1\ ~"d A.. sp~c..l'·ed s+"fe (1.: +~ ~rl1"'" n, cro
    C0~UiClY\. T"'-.. "'-A+ Adc:!..·-hoto\, p~" V""-4+ ()f k.\4,sS c.o t4110 LC""-Ou.JW;t.

    f'~o: (A) s"'~-I-c~ ~ t''fc/e 0""' T-s CO ora...: "'0. t «-s • l)e4e-r""""'tI\.~ (b) ~l\e "'~+ c.uo,..~
    tc;) +,,~,. . . . . . . ..c8+'
    c....~ .. e ~ ) ~ let) """""ct.'" ~(ft'lI-4. ~SfU.f«. C"_!,..re CA.',--tA-
    -tk.. otto C'tc(.~ 1
    C)<'A~ 9·/ AIlc:i cLc t e v U. . 3
    SCM',""T( (.2t;11/"£IJ J>~7J1lt:

    "'Yi.-8
    1. -'"
    Qu//ft4 :.
    L
    -

    1,,"00 ~':JI t:.5


    p.= lOO~P~ T
    z.
    T. ~ '300K +

    I\SSVM{>TC()t-:)S·, S"e e~A_pl~ q. 1

    AtotA 1-'" $, s~ FbI" part C,.) J ~ ,,'."'..,..... Fa... pAr+l (t.) - (d) J Joe ~ "\ ~'1 oft ~"I'\~ e ~c "'" 1>
    ....""-e tolAr f\o""'l;\~/c t.\-I'.f.el' e.ttil/\.j d"'~9"11_ 7O-&lt .4\-21.

    ~+a.te.l: p, = lookP-. u, :: 2.£1/.01


    ,T; =3OOK ~ k.J/~ I "lrr, ::. "2,/.2.) Pr , =1. 38iPO
    ~tMe 2. ~ For: lSeltt1rC)p;c. w)')\pres.sion
    V y '2,. :: 11;-, ~z. =" 2/ • 2. ( is) == 73. DB 2.
    Th.us J T:z.:: 1088.21<) U-2. =503.0," L,~ ) Z7.03<f
    ~
    Pt"2.::

    a.\lC.J.. p:: p. of:%. :: 000 kPc:..) (2. 7.03 C/.) :: Itt 50.S kPC\..
    2. ; rr, \: 1.3Bc.o
    :ili+fe 3. The spllcit ie ;1II+uVlA( eJ,te,...9~ u 3 is iou-hod US.I;"~ fLte eHer'!:1
    b4la~ce fo-r fyocess Z-3
    '11'1 Ct.<. 3 - U.,,} : G2 z, 5 -~./)
    u3 :: ~ + U'2,. :: t't 00 .... 5/)3 .l>(P :: '<103. Of.:, k.o/f<.;j
    TlM.ts J T3 :: 2.231. 3 k ~ p,. 3 :: 3' If 2.. If
    o..AA R::. p.
    :1 z.
    (~)::.
    I~
    JttsoS(Z.Z31.!)
    . (g 8~. 7-
    = &32'1 l<.P~

    ~+4k.lf. For flAe isw..ft"o,ic. e+petl4si~


    fry:: Pr3 (~:) == Pr3 (~) « 52.853
    ,"'-us.> T'f =8;J./ J:::. .I ~ 't ::. cg '1S. l'i I-:...J 1/c.~
    (0.) To fL~d +he ")\e,.f- work rev- ut1<i+ Ml4.SS J nol-e. .J.f,..d \\J~de .:. Q~cle.)So
    Wese(e :: Q.1..3 _ Go"", :. Gh.3 _ (ku-"'..)
    \'V\ Y\'\. ~ W\ "'

    - l"l 00 - (8 Cf5 .14 - 300./1 )

    :: 8'55,/ k:r/~ '" W''JcJe/~


    'l-~'1
    (b) The +hQ.V"Mcx.l et{-l'G\eV\~ is
    vt.:. W~c.te/rt\ =
    Q.~~ 1Y't'\
    855.1.:. D.hU
    J <i 0 0
    ('(.l%).....a~t-- ---:=--

    lc.) The ovemLI ~i5 pl~c..eO\e.\.A.t .'Uo~~e. i.:s Vlot-V'2. =.'\11 ( U'li -LT-z.) ) so +1Ae.
    "MeA\'\ e4!+ed.. we p...e ssu.re is 8\vell\ b~

    Y\') e. p:. W ~ cl e: :. W UJ c t& /\'\f\ ::: W '<j del""" .


    V li -V 7. 'lJ.... - t r'2. 1.J't ( l - tr'&oj U'"..,)
    EV(J..\lA..wh~ g 1fll "'f t 3'" )
    V; =- RT\I = u.~ k.1e:. (BZ.\ K")" 1 kPc...
    t.t ~ Q 00 ~ ~a..) 1
    10 tJ jom 'l

    = Z.3Sb M3/~
    ~OW) +\Ae.. Spevl~lC tro\u.M.E. va..fio trz./tT'#' is
    t.J2. V2,.
    "tJe., :. ~. V'f
    ~
    r "tJ'"z.
    "'U"'c· T~ =
    T, (J)( 300)
    \8':5- B 2. r :. D. 042 q Cf
    P,: PLj

    (855. t '<-3"/~)
    mep :. (2.?> S b \'~i3/l~) ( \ - .Oli'2.<tC\)
    = 3 7't. 2 k.P~ <lIIIIE.sI-- ......:.~_:;...e~

    DISCU,S'bIO~_: The. pll.rf-tGl,A.\C(.r A+k\IAS01\ ~cle \\1\ +"'-lS ffOb\.eM. ~ClS +ke.
    cc~r('e.SS\CSl' (".i(.+il> Wr ~'("oc.e~ I -2. os ior +l.tQ. 0-\\0 "<dele ''''' ~~Ob'«)M 't. L
    L-towe\lQIf",> +lAe. \5evt+rD~\~ e~p'C\.V\sl«n\ (rrocess 3 -~O h,s «, "nM-Lc.k \'\\ 9 h-e r:
    '\rO tu.me.. V~+lO ~"''''' ~ ~ ~1to ~ cle , 111\", -l's iUu.~+ra.+etf oon +-"he
    -follow I~ ~ t're~~u.(4." ,,~lu.t\'\q. etlCA'j ('~M :
    ~--- V'f/"?---~
    r
    z,

    V
    T~e.. v--es\J..{ ts lll\ cl.\.'~,,*e. ~().t +~e. work. o.~ #(,V'~~l e+("lG\e,\I\~ I itt c.('et:<.~e.
    for fiAe.. A+ll-lIASOn ~cle) ~s evcdeV\cetllo"j +Lte..l~rge.(" eV\Clo'e&.l £tYQ.Cl·
    'Fu.r+\A.e.r", +1Ae. 'Me~V\ e.ue.c,·h·"e. pr~s\.LYe. ae.c.f"'et.c.s;es.

    9-2.8
    PRDBUEM tt.18

    Air t.(,(AderSoes a.. cold.. tt,r--s+a.l1aa,,-.d AfIe.,iAson C-CJcfe .


    Dersve: Q;yt e>Ct)rtr!S'slon.for fl1e.rmcd effl·c.J·eV)~ ~nd CDrrtpore w,+4
    the cold a.ir-s.J.a.n&tb'·J OH-o Gt;Jcle .
    ScfJ§MkTIC. i G=l V6N .PM1\:: r 3

    8-~~U~jlTlQ~: See E.'Xa.m pIe. <t.1 • AlsOJ


    aSSUMe. COn6tee.t.1.t spec.ific. kea:fs. Ii
    1.T'
    ANALYSIS ~ To +,~o( -I'ke 11·e.f work., note fktd ""~c'e = Q~Clk' T~S
    W ~cAe· Gl.\\A Qou:t ) )
    ~ = ~ - ~ = c.", (T3 - Toz. - C.pCT"f -T,

    rh~rt!..(ort?) +he. +heY"Y\1al eUlcie~(.~ is


    "l::. WUJde I'M :: I _ (p( ret -~) = I _ k T, (TI+/ T, - ,') (I)
    Qz.~Il'V\ ce.r(73- I oz. ) T2,,(T.:s/Tz.-I)

    ProcesS' I-~ l.s i.selll+ro,tc. .TkMS Ta/Tt =l1J'/l.T1 t- t


    =. ~ \c.-, (2.)

    HA.~eY" J tor oreees


    ~-
    s 2.-3 ~ T, _
    ~
    '& _..-
    - P2- =- • r
    (":Ii)
    ;}
    A\t\rJ.., ~ ~rocess 4- \ ~ T.., ::. ~ : ~ . ~ = if", . 1. (4)
    T; 'lJ", 'lT3 -t.1i 1J3 r
    Now ) ~ ~he. lseY\-tro~\c. CDmpress'tol'\. ~ .L ::. f.Rf )Vk (5)
    r
    \rz. .
    ().Mel. for -H-vz. LseV\fro.pic.. e"p~Y\~ ,·o·V\ ~ "S.:::. r!! ) Vk (,,)
    J 'V"3 \'P4
    Now I (,()'YV' b tV\ "h 9 (4).) ( 5) J a. ~C( U,)
    , J. .L.J.
    ~
    T1
    = (~)"k.
    P..,
    (~)k
    Poz..
    = (~)fc.
    ,,.
    = r:r k (1)

    n't1AIl~) ,hs.e.rfl~9 +he ~sulfs of (2)) (3)J dnd. (;) (nto (I)

    \ = l- k ( l"r'If<.-I) K.
    r \c:-I (r"f- I) ..,fl4!S~----------------

    'To COV\1 ~Y'~ +~e. +her-MAI e«-l'c.ieY\cC1 $+ +~e. A+k'\As<tY\ o.~ ~ifb
    Ujt-les) "'~CAti ~~+
    ,
    11 oft"o ::. ( - r k"l

    Afofe fW:<,+ +~e fL.te.rmedetttGlenc.<j of +~e. Dfto 0;1de k-Q'ends 0l1.. r


    avttA ~) Iou.t not on -t-I"e nt~)(,'(h k WI ~cle +~mperAl1At'f2 {nor fhe..
    P(l.06tcM 9. \8 (CoV\f'd)

    p'r"es~l.t~ ~+lO) rpJ T~ .follow\~1 ~ ro..ph <!.o..Y1. be tts-eA -k> C-Ot\1peo-~


    ~e "\1cfe.s -HAr#ter:

    A-4-k\~so~ "'dele
    r p=2.s
    V"p::' 2.0
    fr ~ 1.5

    I t .........- - - - t - - - - f - -

    oS 10 J5 .2'0 2.5
    co ~p,,~'s.jofl ....(.\+io ~y
    TkcAs) at a.~ co MpY'eSS lbt'\. '("0-.+\0 ~
    e~'(:ic.ieV\c,~_ ...."'Q.~ ~e (.Or:('eS:fond\~
    +"'" 'A--\-lG\V\ So ~c. ~de h 45 (X

    ~o ~c.\e.. Als~ J a.S" +le. pre.s.tuV"€.


    h ig he r +~erma.(
    I"'c.r.eeues M +uGei(
    l"'a,;tio r f COl\-\p("esslo,\,\ 1"'o..+\.o (r') +hG!. +kerm~\
    e.c+lc"eV\~ l~ c..re.~ecs os W(l.\\.
    LSNQWN: A V\ ~I'V'" -sta.V\o{al"'t'l ] leSe, J ~c.(e. ~t\.s a. specifi-eef sla.te af -/t.e
    be~tvH'\I~9 of cOMpV'"essloV\ GtL\c.(. 0.. /<.tt"wn pressUr"<e ali\tA
    -Ie,V1Ap~rafu(JZ at -Rte e.M ()f he.C<.t a.d"dif,'frVl ,
    De-ferWlI11 e (t\) +iAe (()flt\pYe55 ;oJ'\. rttft'o (b) +~e cur off rafio J (c) +l..e.
    -tkeV'W\c,d effic.Je.vtc·~j} cu~.et (d) tlte. ~ed'r\ e.ffed-we. d'r"aSL<.V{Z,
    2. ~
    SCtfeAA1IG t (;,\VeN I>to/TA: p 7' PZ.~P3:' 1.'2. MPo.=l"'LOOte:..Po...
    .J ~/S
    ok

    't t;::9 5lc.PA


    7; =300#(
    !r5)UMenOt!$,: See. EXQ,mple s.z:
    frlJ!rlN5/So B eSi v\ b~ f.lx j r&9 C2o.e~ prlY\ C\ f'4l ~+-~ttZ.. i~ +\A~ ~ cle (Tttlole A· Z2),
    t.

    jflifet: t;~3001<J ~:.qsk.P(;.. =:> {,(,I:' ;;(l'i.o7 IiJ/~ ,Vt"l={Pz'I.'l" P,.,:::J.38<OO


    ~: F~(" +k~ isel't+rcpic. cornpV-eSSLOl1..
    f1~7.:::' Pro, (.~) ::: (l.38lDO) ( .,~~o -) :. (aS. at!
    ltu-ts ~ T 1.::: ct"l.(,K »1Tr z.: 2CD.l q 5 = (0 2~. ~;2.k.::r (~
    J '-'.

    5fftJe.3: 73 ::1150 1< .. f3::: 11.00 /<:'PtIt.. =t> h3 ::2'140.3 IJ{Ic, »LY3 :: ~,11S"
    ~ For tke. iseVl+roplG expc.e.v\sl(f)\
    ifIJ. = ~ , ~ ~ ~ . .I= = trn, ~ .: (g 'U. 1.. ql q.~ =(O.~Co
    1T3 vl.- 'tJ"3 1.I"z. T 3 1.I"Y"""L T3 '2.(,:1<:r) 2.1 so

    'U"'"o&t -= ~, trr's : ;l2..q~ =t> T~ :olO'l1 Ie:.) (Act ::.l~S.lS" Ic:r/~


    (£\) T~e. c,o\'V\p~essioV\ '('tt.-\-'"o l~
    1.1, 1Jn f..s> 'l.l .2-
    y:::. 1.J-z.. ::. 11;..,.;. ;:2.(,.1c\ ~ -=-:2\. \q ..
    .al---------------~

    ( b) The GuJC!>.f-.f Y"t:l.t\.o i.s

    I} so -::2 \0
    Y",,:: V-, ':.
    '\.T'L '1- 'll ;;L t
    Q1Q.<D • 14it.----------------~

    ec.l ike +w'rMA(et+((I.e~~i..(


    "\:. W";.1cAc.{~ :. Ch 3-ht.) -<'Q.. - U,)
    &.z,,3t Y\'\ h1- ~~

    = (-;2.t{l{ol)-lO("l..C6~) - 1~S.15" -:tIl{.Ol)


    (2li40.~ -(o("1..~t..

    -::
    S!ttS". %0
    (4
    ( 10)
    n, l{~ -::.0.5'91 S"'=f, 10 ,.. . ... . . - - - - - - - -
    Cd) ,-he. 'MU-\.'" e.cfe.cl-\ve rYessu.y~ is ~tvel;\ ,,"s

    W ~c.\"e W Grc1 de. (VV\


    Y\l\e:p ::. : .
    V ~ - V7- '\Jj (( - vc! V; )
    E"a.luA.t\~ 11",

    1fj =- R T, -:.:2
    (8.8/11' ~)
    31
    '/
    "5· K (300 k)
    I Ilc.f>a,. . I
    /J (0
    '3
    tJ· Wt
    P, (q 5 kP~) . 10' Nt,.,'2. I kJ"

    :. O.QO(P3 ~-a/~

    (g45.~() 1Jf(~5)
    ....."1' '" (O.''l0(9!. ~) (I _ YU,I'\ ).
    1·,03 tJ' r\1 ,./ \ !cPo..
    II<-T'·· 10' N/ .... .
    I~
    '=. CflS" k.. P<A.. ~
    Pft.Or&LEJ.4 q. 2 0 ~

    '<NQWN: )rYl aiY"-s-I-eu"Javd ])iese{ ~cle hQ~ 6.. S(Xlcitied. ~I-o:k. a:t +kfl b~ti1n.jJ:!t1
    of c.o~('r-essioY\ alltd. C{ IGItOc,A)n f~f'LLre (lne.( +e-MpQ-ra.mr-e. ed:: Ke.
    end of heot a.ticl.c·fioV\..
    J)efer"'m li1e (al ike. c.ompYl.'sst'oYl Y"a1-t"o J (hj tke C(,(,+of.f roico ,(C.) fltte
    +her~tl' eIfic.; ettCtj J 0. rid. (d) #r2. metLJ1 effecfwe p~sUY€..
    SCU-WM'c.. t 4"1 VEN Dktll;: p 1. 3 ~ =~:J 1,~M p~ -:.1 'too kf&..
    ~~-<
    'So k;.

    F;'.:.qSkP~
    f
    I±S'(JMPrL()~ : See. EX~Mfle. s.z: 7;:: 300k
    A-lso, Ctnt.sftL~.:t sp~c.'i.fiG
    a.SSu.na(2.
    hetd-s evtdu.Jed a:r 300 K . V"
    A1VM..'t'~lS: Fl 'Nt J cleft-rrm ~~e ftte -ferl1pern;.f.ure. 0+ ea.~ pnVt(.ipoJ s.ft:de of the.
    ~c{e.. 1;: 3c90 1<) T J :: 21$0 I< a.re:1 I veVl .
    .s±gie 2: for -4- he. i,senffopic CCMfreSSl"o Y\ J wi""",- k» (.If fl'om Ta.hk ,4 - 20
    k-V
    Tz. ':. (~) /I<.r; :: (03).1 k
    S+a.+e, 4t.: Sf"» i '~r(fj J for- ~e. e1Cpcvt$l~
    ..L
    ~ :: Vi . ~
    3 'V-z, 3
    e, (!=.)
    T,
    k-'. ~ T3
    ::. to,S"l
    k-l
    T. =
    ~
    (YA)
    \~4
    -r,
    3
    = <J11.0 I<
    ~
    (0..) The coMfressioll\ mfio IS: r= ~ =@)'<"(:::'"l.1..01 """ll-a~-------"":"-
    r

    c.bJ Th«. w+o{f. rufle> ts ~ ~ = ~'"'2.


    = ~ :. 1..0<6l
    I a.
    ""iIiI"~------------=-
    (C) Tht. +itler-ma.( ea,c.,e.~cy i.s-
    ~:: W U4e.le./'f"l:: 7(T3 -~) - CU'(TCf-'T,~
    l( '2.3/l'\o'\ e.,. (I) - T ..)
    With ttl = .1(8 Ic.T!~.,<, ~ ~ :.1.DOS 1CT16.1.t<. ;n,..... T4b1e.A - 20
    V.oos) (;ttS'O - (O~).\) - (.718)( &:\1.0- ~OO ) 1~CD.9
    yt:: . (l.005)(21S0 -(011.1) ~ lltZ., S-

    :: O.CtSl ((PS.l%) ~~-------------­


    cot) Tn€. Yh€o.n eUec+ ive rY'e'Ssut"e. is ~ l~Ve.11 a.s
    WUjde. WGcjde.
    mer = V =..

    E.va Iu.e<, ~
    «r c RI,
    +-s
    -t.r;
    V, -"L.

    ~ (~GS<\('300 k\.
    1J'i ( I - 'lJ"z./lT,)

    ,k.1l..
    I/'0 r./""',/
    3

    'P, ('Is k.Po.) JoJI\J/rM Zo r kJ"


    : O,ClO<03> p,3J~

    1-33
    PR08LEP'I q. 2. 0 (Cant' Ii)

    Thus
    'YYIe p - ----------
    ( 1{g3r~ kJ"/k.,)
    (O.qO(g'j ~3/~\ (1- }i'l.o( ). I Ja"
    ItO; N''I't1\ I k.Pa
    10' NIw.'Z-
    I
    ::. ~~. 0 L::.p(A. .. ~ee

    These. resu.lts co.n he. com~a r-12c1 -10 -flttcse of.. Problem C:U<t to S~
    some eUecJs of +he Cc.S,umpfiof\. 8f COltStalit:t. ~crtlC. hea~.

    9-34
    KNOWN ~ A-r. ~\ ... -~ta.V\c-'.a.~J. .'Diese l ~cle V\~ CL ":\'\.OwY\ c.oM.Pf"eSSl~,
    rOt.ho ~ ~ 5pet.lf\~ ~+~C2- 0-+ ~ \>t..9 l V\Y\.\ Y\9 of c.o~p-reSSIO"".
    Tke. MA..'l'lM\4l1\1\ ~c.I~ +e.~ero.+~ "\5 ~\".fA.
    ::Determ\V\e. <'0.) the. ~e.t WOy,,") (\D) tlu. +~umed e~t-ic..ie~CL1 )
    (C.) tl.u.. 'Me-a.", e..f~e.c..tW-e. pV"essux~, o.V\c{ (ct) -the. C.lL+off ra.rLo.
    ScttEMA:TlC. ~ 'WEk) DATA:

    V"v,,- :. l'1
    P. = ILt Ibf/.
    it' /I.,.2-
    Ti:: SU>°R
    ASSUMPTlONS~ See. Exo..~ple '1.2. 1 V,::. 2..(1-3
    '-----------u--
    ANM,'iSIS: e~\V\ b'j ~\)(\~ e.~c~ ~'('\""~cJ sfe.t-\e of ~ C"cje.te. (TAIo'e A- 22E)..
    Sto.-tt. I ~ T,::' 52-O°R, ~ u ,'" 88. 0 2. 8k.lILb ) U"y, ::. (SB.5 8

    SWgrl.·. For ~ \S>tAI\tro{)\c. COMfress.\'oY\o


    '\,)(''3. = (~)1J'"'C"1 = (,I,) 158.58 :. '1.3282-
    T~J \oz.-=' 153't.5 »« oJ h2o,::' 31EL32. ~\ou/lb
    sWe.'3~ T 3="tOE)O°R. ~ k 3 = / 019B.3 l>k..\/(lo,U""'3::.·"ISI8
    SttA.-\e.lf~ Fc(' +k.e. ise.w\rep\c- e~p~\'~
    ~:: ~. ~ :L ~2..~ = (11) I:::;; :. b.S1-2

    Vt.t
    '\J"'C"t.t:: - l..J",s :: 2.'\ Lt <O<P
    V3
    'T~!o .. T .. ~ 1,':z. S 3.1
    0 R J ll'i:: If)'I.'z. 5 t3~/ lb
    (~) For ~ t.~t.-\~) We~(.\e. e, Q.~c.te.. T~S

    W~c.\e.:: Q'Zo~ - Q't\ = 'Yn l th '3 - k~) - ( l.l"C -u. )J


    Evo.l~G\.f i II\~ V't"\

    ~::. ~:.
    P,V, 6'4.0 \1of/\'~Z;) (2.. ~3) 1 14 '" I~~ I e: 0.' 4Sli
    \b
    R\, (~"f5'*'lbf:)(S200ft) 1*2-
    \i8 ,cr1 \ \0. -«
    T~s
    W~c.le. :{ \~5't '6) ((I088.~ - 3,8. '3 2.) -( 4'2.\.2.5 - 8S.Io1.)] B\t
    = 5 «t. S" B\-u.. ......l -----------------.....;;...&,;---
    (b) Thq,. +~(.I(Y'AA. \ e. H\(. 'f.~ ~ .\s

    'v\..:: 'IN CA1~~ '=- W~eAe.


    Q. 'Zo3 "M ( '" 3 - \-h.\

    - (S't.81 e~ ) _
    - 0.53 I ( ")
    53. I oro
    (.W5't \\0) (\oes.'3 -'3L8.~'2..)8\\A{\b Eoe....._----

    9-35

    \
    (c.) T\.u. ~eQ.'" e"e.d-we. rf"e.~\~ is
    W\c.r::. W t..ac.\<. :. W ~c.\c.
    (Va - Voe.) v, (1- V.,./V1 )
    :: (SQ.81 B\v..)
    <?-- ft~) (\- V'"1) ,
    I118 f+·,bt
    \6M
    II J #~
    ,q't \~~

    '::. \ 51.5 Lb-l- "~~"'''''iiI----------------~


    Cd \ The CM.toH r~A·i.b ',,, e(e.+e.('W\i",«t a..s follows:
    .,. _ v3 _ '2 _ &1000 _ ") 1_ I
    '(. - v;. - h - I S 3 L.f. 5 - "'. w ......I-------------~=-
    KNOW N : A ca\~ ~\r-sto-V\4Cll.V'cA Diese.l ~(.\e ~c>..~
    k.\I\.OwY\ c.o~fe~S1·CM. 0..
    r'~t\.o tMAJ. 0.. spec.l+-i~ of ~Y\\f1'eu\OJ\..
    s+o..-te ~* twt b~iV\W\,'V\g
    -nt~ ~iVIC'Y\'\\A.M ~e\e. +e~rcduN'€. is ~\V~.
    E'NP~ D.e.te'l'm\·~ (0.) t~ \'\-t..+ wo-r\c. )<..'») fu.tlo.t.VMeJ e..~lC.l~\f\tA..t,
    ee\ tIM. W\u..", e.~.e.d·we. fre~~\A.v-e., ~V\d. (Gt) +heu.e..+()ff rci.-t-lo.
    SCHEM.A;r\C. ~ Gr\VEIJ t>M-A ~
    p
    1
    -~ ....
    I I
    I
    I
    a.lV'" I
    I o
    I I

    , -- -- !

    ASSVMpnOAJ,s: See EXD.~1e. 1'.2.,


    Mso) ass\'u~\e. um.s~t Spt2-c..i~ll:' hetA.ts
    eVQ.Il.\o.t~c( ~ 520°R.
    AtvA<..'/SIS: First ae.fe. rl'Yllv,e tkt. +~'Nf.em{.<..K4! tAt e.txck.. frlVlci.ptJ sfo.k
    J

    (!;)f ~ ~c(e.. 1;: 52.oc:>A ~~J. T3 ="fOOO°R. a.re ~ lV-e.\'\..


    sl9:k 2.: For fu IS€.Kfr'oPI<:' c<mAfresstCnA. J wi~ k ='.~()I .fv-~T()('le A-:lOc
    T:z. =(V'/v.,.)k-I'I =/ft,14.6 DR.
    sMe. 3: 51~·dQ.Y{~).fo.r +k e~(JJ.AS(~
    "&4 = VI . V?- ::. ~. Tz. _ I(p lq., _
    '1'5 V-z.. v"3 V-z. T3 - (Ii) '"WOO - ~.B833
    QM.c,( 1; ::. lV~/v't )~-lT3 ::. 15145.5' o~
    (POI For" f~ c.~c.l~) W~c:.I& ': a~cfc.. "'Tk.u.s
    W~ t1~ ': Q'Z.~ - Q'tl ':. \1'\'\ t Cp{T J- T,.) - 'u- (T'1 - Ti ) J
    EV~Ll(~t\iA.3 h-\ .
    W\ = 1"; V, ':. (1'1. 0 \~\~'2;)( '2.. *~) f \"4't' \II\~ I e.
    RT, (l':>t.tS . .p".lbf)C Ob) tJ.~ O.\'tS4 lb
    ,.e.~'1 ~ '520 1'0 I J'T
    -r\w.SJw·I'\·~ Cop" O.~4D eoN-/lb·°R. o.,v..J.. ev--=-O.l,l ekA/llo·oR

    W~e\e :. ~l45Lt) (c.1.'i O) ( '\O()O - Il;. ICl. b) ", (.l'l)( t~tf$.s-5'20)l


    :.. 50. I 1 a+v.. 'lIiI1iilk---------------------M~
    (b) ~ -t'AeV"'MtA.\ e~(.~V\~ ',~
    ""-::: W (A.t<-\~:. \N ~ ~ (5 o. \\) _ D
    ~,.~ W\ 'f<''T,! -"T"t.) (.L~S"')(.2"'O)("'ooo -l"l~.') - .bO 3 ("o.~ %)_ V\..
    (e\ 1M ~.e.cx.~ e.~<?c:.Wv-e. ~e~~u.'4'Q. \s
    vJ t.v\t.\e W """c. \c
    \"A ~ -:. Q ::. IJ
    \l\-'\J-z- V\Cl-V7./V,)
    (SD.n aM.)
    ::. (2 ft3)( \ - 11" \.
    11,e1 ft·6\\k\\>fll 144f.\-2.'11\7: l I
    :. I "t 3.8' \ ~.(.{\.~\: 4 4 - - -.....
    (d} rC. =V3{IJ"l.. = T){Tz. = \.(000/1"1".(", :. 2.47.,~:...-----------~
    'P20BLE.M 'f, 23

    kNoWN: Jr'(\ a.\r--S.~~tA.~~ 'D'ese.l ~de. hA's 4. k.t\-Ow~ c..o~~S$;O"'"


    rt&'lo It\l\.cA e, spe.c:.if ie.eA 'S~e. a.t fu.. be.eJ' IA h',V\~ of W~\"~SSlOy\"
    TIu. ~ e CA.t ~e{'\. +tt,.", ~ r u, "'" 'J\A.C\.<» SIS ~ i Vf.lI\ • +
    l)e-k"-"Vle <.«-) +"'-a.~" ~CI_ .,. """pCf"*fv..re.) <b) ~ c:.u:J-of-{ r"A:n'0.l
    (.e) ~ II\I.r VlOr#.C. p4! r vl'\.4r 1
    ~t.! I (d.) -t~ +"'-0 y ......... -t efft' c.e·4lll\.t,
    C.) ......... ~AJI\ e.f~tI\,,( ~u \A.~ • H) Plot +-~K., v/J",J,'j,'E>J I
    vef'Sl.tS COl'\'\p-us S:cM v"-.-n'o. -

    $Cb\atvWr\c.. ~ <Ql ve.tJ bA'\"J\ ~

    EJEF;;
    .,. P. :. 200 \..p",
    ASSVMPnONS: See Exo..~le. q,"]..; 7j :; 3801<.

    '1.r
    d1VAVlSIS: B~ll'\ b~ .f-,xir\j ~cCA rfl·II1CA.pOtI s;fzde o-f flA.J. C-cc1de. (T~b'~ A - 22;
    sfa.;fe. I: Tj:' 3801( =t> Lt.:. 2.'7,.(,'t k:r/~ ,tr..., -:. 3Lt3.4-
    sta.te. z. ~ H>i' +k.e. ,'selA-+rcplc CO"mpt"essifn\.
    V"...~:: (~) trr l -;. (to) ,q3.'1 -::. ".11
    -rt,v.....s) T'Zo::' /135.').. oR., J h2..= /2.0:2.0 ":rl~
    ShL-te 3: 'For tkR. heD.t ()..r1d.~+I~ ,rcJc~ss J Q2.!>/om.:' ~3- '-''2.' ,tw.o
    ~ '3 -::. G.. 7.:~ 1M + '" 'Z. :: '2 102..0 lc.::I" 11C"j
    T! -;. 181'\.5 k ~ "'Y"~:' 3,q2.0')..
    rO' ~ i~e\ll.-\1-c9plc. e~p~"\.s\·oY\.
    Y.!J. :. V I • V"L :. '!.J... T~ _ J'2..O 8
    V'5 v;. v3 V-z. It. -

    (l.~ 'U"~lt ::. (~3) '11"("\ :. 4\.~l(O


    -r\vJ.,.£..> T'f:: B'I.3.'l K) u'f = "2. B./1 " :r/~
    (01.) 1tu.. ~'~l.'.M. +~~ \11\ ~ ~c.\e. is T 3 ':o ' 8"1i\. 51<. "'~I------­
    (}" For t~ c..on.S+a.v..t l)t·e~su.ye frDc.e~~
    Y"c :: V 3
    "2- ':. 12 _ 1E)'lc}.S
    T 2. - 1I35. '2..
    ::.
    L
    "t 1O'OlIl"E1!------ _

    (c..) For fu ~c..l.e...) \rJc.'tie.l~ :. Q~. Tlu.Ls


    WO:;\~\e Q~3 ~ ( ') ( \
    Vh -:. ~ - W'\ ::::. h~-V\ .... - l.A.1f -(.(.')
    I'" 5er'h",~ vex lLl~ S
    Wc.~~ ~ ~OO k:r'~ -(bz..8.l1-2-11.(''l)k.J"I~ ::.SLl3,S Jc.j /l::.' .4_ _-.a.._ _
    PROBU3M Q.23 (Coni'd - P~e.- z)
    Cd 1 7ke fhe.V'"'rnal ef+lcieVlCj is
    \II __ W~dCi! {Wl __ 543.5 __
    'l o. bOLi (~O.~ 0/0 )
    Q'Z.3 ('tYl C) CO

    (e) The MeC(V\ ef+ectlve fr~~u,r€ is


    VV\e.p ::. W~ C\(Z. ::. W~ cJIl./ 'M
    V, - V'Z. ~ ( 1 - V-z.IVI~
    US I -e +l-1e. id e,d ~CA.S '1lA.C\. h~ &} stole..

    I
    01:
    p,
    B.3/4" -:r )( )
    1.1: :: ~ =- z.B.i1 I<. ·1<. 3801<
    (200 kpo... ~
    I\ 10
    3
    kP~
    rJ/M"2.
    '3
    11 10 N .~
    1 k:r
    I
    = 0.5453 YlIJ'3/ 'c:s
    ThLlS J ff..te ~e.r beU>t"1es

    ( 5'135 1c.J"{Jc,) jI03~'V\I\II \ kfo... I


    Y\'\ep ':CO.S4S3 ",,~/rc,)(l- z:Io). 1 k::r 103tJ{m"Z.

    :: J 04'i Ic.P~ .....


    At - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - .

    IT Code
    rc=v3/v2
    p1 = 200 II kPa
    Wcycle I m = 023 I m - (u4 - u1)
    T1 = 380 11K
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    023 I m = 900 II kJ/kg mep = Wcycle I (m * v1 * (1 - 1 I r)
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    p3 = p2
    v4 = v1
    r= 20

    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    IT Results for r = 20
    r = v1 I v2
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2) U1 = 271.5 kJ/kg
    s2 = s_TP ("Air", T2, p2) T 2 = 1135 K
    s2 = s1 P2 = 11950 kPa
    023 = m * (h3 - h2) h2 = 1201 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2) h3 = 2101 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) T 3= 1881 K
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) T 4 = 844.1 K
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3) P4 = 444.3 kPa
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) U4 = 628 kJ/kg
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4) r, = 1.657
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4) Wcyc1elm = 543.5 kJ/kg
    s4 = s3 11 = 0.6039
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4) mep = 1049 kPa

    '1-39
    rP.08U::AM q. 2.'3 (Yntf'c(, - PCAje. 3)
    PL.DTS '.

    2000 2.5
    1800
    1600 2
    1400
    1200 1.5
    ~
    ~ 1000
    f-'"
    .::
    800
    600
    400 0.5
    200
    0 0
    5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
    r

    600 0.7

    500 0.6

    0.5
    ~ 400
    ....,
    .......
    ~
    0.4
    E 300
    ....... l="
    ~" 0.3
    ~ 200
    0.2
    100 0.1

    0 0
    5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
    r

    ,
    'Dis w.SS I ~ "
    1000
    • '" S yo \"'C.f'eDl.$~) Tz. l ~c.reA.~es. ~)
    -fo-r Mku1 ~~ i."'f~' T~ Il,.Cret.e.~e5
    800
    ~s does Me-p.
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    o,
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    a.
    ID 400
    "t. llA<K'~~eS" (JJ~~ r.
    E • f=ot" f,lXW ~e.u..t ~~~, ~ VJ~t"k..
    200
    of- f\..t ~ \\Ac.V'~~s WL~ \"".

    0
    5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

    Q-40
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    (J,) TYJi\.OVc:T3 ::: 30ol.f.C!J·r<. (see abov«.)
    (c} Tkt +heV'M~1 ef.f-lc.i~~~ is
    '¥\.-::. WC:Cjd..c.. ~ I_ Q tt , " , 8
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    (e.) lite doJ-a. fcy+~ I(<lfU-Vr~& r Joh ave dOf-allA.e& l.lSI ~ IT, as follows
    IT Code
    p1 = 14.2 IIlb/in. 2 v1 = V1 1m
    T1 = 520 II oR 023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    V1 = 0.5 IlfP 041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    p3 = p2 Wcycle = 023 + Q41
    v4 = v1 eta = Wcycle I Q23
    r = 16 mep = «Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 11 r») * (778 I 144)
    rc = 2.5
    IT Results for r = 16 and rc = 2
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    tl
    T 2 = 1502 OR
    s1 = s_TP("Air T1, p1) ,
    tl
    T4 = 1528 oR
    u1 = u_T( t1Air T1) ,
    h2 = 369.6 Btu/lb
    r = v1 I v2
    h3 = 790.8 Btu/lb
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    P2 = 656.3 Ibf/in.2
    s2 = s_TP(t1Air", T2, p2)
    P4 = 41.73Ibf/in. 2
    s2 = s1
    U1 = 88.73 Btu/lb
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    U4 = 271.7 Btu/lb
    =
    rc T3 IT2
    m = 0.03687 Ib
    h3 = h_T( t1Air", T3)
    041 = -6.747 Btu
    s3 = s_TP(t1Air", T3, p3)
    Wcycle = 8.783 Btu
    rc=v3/v2
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4) 023 = 15.53 Btu
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4) T 3 = 3004 oR
    s4 = s3 11 = 0.5655
    u4 = u_T( t1Air", T4) mep = 101.2 Ibf/in.2

    rLOTS:
    25 4000
    rc = 2.5
    3500
    20 rc = 2.5 rc =2.0
    3000

    -
    S' 15
    rn
    ~

    r, =2.0
    2500
    n::: 2000
    0
    rc =1.5

    a'"
    ~
    N

    10 '"
    I- 1500

    1000
    5 rc = 1.5
    500

    5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
    0.7 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    160 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    rc = 2.5
    140

    120
    rc = 2.0
    .~ 100
    ;;:::
    .c
    ~ 80
    Q.
    Q)

    E 60

    40

    20
    -------
    rc = 1.5

    5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

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    ~ Y!.. ':. (P.O : / S"
    'Ii. o. Co(

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    "'" ': f. Vi = (qr"l.lo'SlJllftl.f.... ~.OR.4+et's) \ U;:J ....3/ '=" (p.!o'l..)(to<! l~
    ~ 'T, ( "& 3 ,"I ~)( ~OO Ie) l L"+1t'"
    '1.6.Q'1" ~.I'

    fi>r 0.""\ e'


    c'CI~ I W c'r ~ e, & cye1c.. j)AoO""S w.r 1- '2.. 404 cl 1-'1 .. twol w &.AoC J,...u,..::t-
    iv"l/l'~j sou, ~cycl~ '::. G;?2.!a'- c:Q+, J (.AJ1,u... 6),&~."",thJ~"a.JJQ4''':. .... (U'l-U.)
    "'TI.W} 'W~cLe ~ «(,.("h(o-l,)t"tiO.8S"-~,('1) -(~.~ -ZN.Ol)] ~S
    '::: l(.qOI 11:.:1 '"' ""fete-.

    q-47
    l<rJOwAf: AV'l t1./r--sf-aIkdQ¥'d ])(e$elcCjcle. l-t~s o..lcl1.DWl-l GCt\-\presSloVl ~io
    o.".d fA. 5f'lCt'PIi!d s/-aJe a.f fhe. b ~ I v.. #1 ik.~ () I c.oMPr"eS~lD)'\.
    FINn: PJ~+(().} the. ~OV'lCIMlAWi teW\.~a.ftl""e,,(h) -litepr"essu.r.e ""I- fhe
    e,w::( Clf erp4ns tOJl\ J(e.) fhe- JIt.e+ wo'f"k ~r Lc...a-i:t
    M.A.(S <9P a.i~ a. Yael
    (d) -f1.1e flA-eV-fYlA.1 e.Uie.teV1Clj v~rsus e..ufoff ty;,. fio (~j froYt;\ ra.no
    '·5 +O~.5 ~ 3)'
    $Cff6ft1MLC 8' GWEN »I\1A : reo: ViVz.:: 1.$ - 2.5
    r = Vi IV1. :; ,S
    :
    I
    It,~ I
    I
    I _ _ _ _ _1
    I
    I

    0
    p

    P,= teo"P~
    ~ 7, :: 31D I<

    1f
    ANA:{,'/SIS·. A samp'k CD-tC.UIA ftD k1 wi 1I be. tf.t,ne ~ r c =1.5. F, YOst J ;,')(; eoci;
    of ftuz.. pr, i-l UpM s-lttiE's cf f(,..e e,~ cl.e. :
    (c?) SM.-fe. I: FroM Tolole. A-2.2. af 7i: 3/01<. ; u" -:. ;2.21. 2S lal~ tA.~ V"r,:: 572..3.
    s.4aJ.e. 2. ~ Fo,. -fite. (s e~ rrD, i« c.ot"'fre~ t ~
    V'r'1.= (~)1rr, ::(r's)(S72..o) =38.153
    .IV\le-V'pD\ovh·",~ \V\ Table A- 2.2 j h l..:: 8&fb. t5(, k ~/1c.~ J T2, = Bl97.'1 1<
    :nte:fe 3: Fa r ~a.cL.t vet{ue e-P cut off ra: I-i 0 J ~ :::. v.J tv-&..; +I.te VA {(,,(.~ of f 3
    ceu') fo-e dererm ;I'\~ fro..., 7 3 = (V3/Vz.) T'2,.. :j:'V\ +"'-is CA~e
    73 ::. 130~ 5 ~ ; h3 : I'at:t7.1 lc;JI~) tr,.3:: 1,1.2'35 Trrt4~
    SWe't: No~e fh~ -for ~ i~el4tropie. e2r.pa.nsi~
    "1rr 'i 1:: l~) tTy 3 = (~2,' ~3) tJt-3 ::. ir Fe.) 11"r3
    ~s Vt'4 = 112.3 5 ~ T..,. = 5' e'.lo f( ) LL1t=4 2.'1. 5Lf kS /k.,

    (11) TV.e. pressu,('~ at -\'\vl. e~ ~ -\"\u. e'ipCl\.V\~l~ is


    'P'{ =- ~T4 ) p, ': l Se:t. 2 k. r~ ~ Pt
    T(
    (G) TWz. ~+ wcnrk. ?er \AMt 'rt\.A...' of o..·(;r is
    W~ -:: ~ _ ~ :. (~~_"'~) -(lA.&f- U , ) =- ;}.Q7.5 k..:r/~. ""~e-le/~
    tel) T~e. ~e.,,~\ e~Lc.I~~ i~
    'V\ -:: W ~del Y't\ 5 (Sell ,/ )
    '\. Q. { ::. D. ~t.t 1,4-~o
    ~~ h'\
    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    T1=310//K
    041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    r = v1 I v2
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    r=15
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    rc=v3/v2
    =
    rc 1.5
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.

    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    IT Results for rc = 1.5
    s2 = s1
    h2 = 896.6 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    v3 = v:TPC'Air",T3, p3)
    P2 = 4199 kPa
    h3 = 1397 kJ/kg
    p3 = p2
    T 4 = 586.3 K
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    023/m = 500.4 kJ/kg
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    041/m = -203.1 kJ/kg
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4)
    T 3 = 1302 K
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    s4 = s3
    P4 = 189.1 kPa
    Wcyc1elm = 297.3 kJ/kg
    v4 = v1
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4) 11 = 0.5941

    PLOTS~

    450 --r----------------.
    2000 400
    350
    1600
    300

    1200 ro
    a, 250
    Q' ~
    ~
    ~

    ... 200
    a.
    800 150
    100
    400
    50
    O-t--,-..,....-----,--...-----,---r--..,---.-----.J 0-r--,-----,--~_r__r-,__,_____r__,----J
    1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.51.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.12.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

    900
    800
    700
    0.5 ----
    OJ 0.4 ~
    --
    ~
    """)
    ~
    600
    500
    E ~ 0.3 -
    -., 400 /////
    ~
    S 300 0.2 -

    200
    0.1 -
    100
    0 0 I I I I I I -1 I"

    1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
    rc

    '1-'M
    KNOWN: An Q,\Y"- S+a.Y\M~ Dtese] ~c\e n(AS 0... k-MWv\ M~\-M\AW\
    te~o:~e. ~ "- SftLc.l·H~ . S~ ~t ~ b~I'IA~'''~\I\j l't
    ~(eSSIO'l'.. Tkt2. t'\I\A.~S o~ G\lJr l~ a \VfN\ .
    f\t-Jb: 1).e-\erm\~e.for Va.V'lO\AS ~'fe~s\o~ yo..1-\o.s (o.j -tk k,Q." wo~
    (bl t~ ~~M()'" et'h·(.ie.~~ ) exY..cl ee) -tWt W<eA\A. e«ec~ve. f~~UN'e:
    Sc~c. t Gol v6.JJ DA-TA ~ :5 IS ~ V'/V-z. S 25

    ~ \' 3~"800'"
    ~
    m= \")..9
    ~IIf
    Pc =Cf S k. PA,
    45~VMPnotvS ~ See s..XA.vwp'~ q.).. , 7j ::.30oK
    '\J""

    MJkl.'lS\~ ~ ~si.d~ ~r.st ~ $4!M>le CA.\e.cAl~~ l.\S;~ d.~ ~ i(Abl~ A-2.2. {-of'
    --kt.e CD.~t 0+ '(' ': V,/V2.: '5. Fv-oYh TCi'JDle A· 2.Z txt T, ':300K.)t.I,::'114.01 1c;~1~,1I'",::'21.2..
    Also, At 7, ': 1800K j k 3 ~ 2.00,3.3 k.:J' t~ ) "\rr,5: 3 .GJ.,4. F'Or '{" &15
    'V'(' 2.:: ("2/ v. ) lry \ -: (r§) (, 2.1. 2 = 4l.413
    :r~po\(A.+\~~ 'l\l\ T~\e A-'2.1-'> ~ '2.: 8hQ.b3 kJ"/k~J> '2. =843.2 l:::. ~()t.u) -fey p,,"o(.ess 3-i

    V) ~~: '10 \(\: "tD (


    "~4:: Lv: 'lrr3: (~)( ~:) <, ~ t;'2.)(~~} '\fY 1 : (15) ~1i~~ )(3.~14) = 2.1·1/3
    ~pok.+l~j l~ Td1\'2 A-"2."2-) \.t~ ::. 131.~~ kJ" IICj .
    (C'A) ~ ~ v..>o'(k.. ;S c.eJ.c.u,AcJe.J 1Y'O'M W~ -:. G~) ~ Q~= G"1.l Q3f ·
    1\NJ..D
    W~:: 'w\ L(~3-lt\..) + (l,{,-V.4 \1
    1 -
    ::(\ "Z. ~) ~
    I\kL;;\ [ bJ
    (2003.3 _ 8b'l." '3) + (t.\4. 01-13\.'iC\)] ~ -= 1.38'\ lc.T Ai (":IS)
    Wc.ljc.le

    lb) fu ~'t'\'\~\ e.c-.t.tc.l -e",'1 lS


    "L:: W~ ~ \J~ -:. 1.38Q : 0.543 (S4.30/~
    Q\..> 'Ml'-')-\"'.".) (\2.)c'l'O-3)('2.4)o~.~ - 8(,<1.103) , V\..
    (..c.) To ~.e.+ ~ V'A("C\,~ e~~t.c.h ve. ~V"es su Y"€) ·hrst c,lete'(~\V\e.. V\ • (f':l '5)

    V _ W\ ~~ = (\2.~'\ (~:~~ ~~ ') (30oK) \ kS 1~ PA \03


    N · '" _ I o88 "' '2. 3
    v
    \- D ) l'i lo'3rJl1. \k.:r - , ,,(O~
    T\ (q 5 "Po.. ro J lY\

    W~t~ W~
    VV\~~ = :.
    V\-V.... V~(l-I/'()

    = 1.'3 8'1 ~'r I) O)~·W\


    ~.Oe8 ~I01-W\) )(\- 1/,5) \ ~T

    'I-50
    TYl~ a.cd~ -fer- -/i.1e.. y~u~ed ~'t>k ((\"e C>~lMeJ t.(.SI ~j tr, as fc>tlows ~
    IT Code
    023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    p1 = 95 II kPa
    041 =m*(u1-u4)
    T1 = 300 /I K
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    T3 = 1800 II K
    eta = Wcycle I (m * (h3 - h2»
    r = 15
    V1 = v1 * m
    m = 12E-03 /I kg
    mep = Wcycle I (V1 * (1 - 1 I r» II kPa
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    r = v11 v2
    IT Results for r = 15
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2) T 2 = 843.4 K
    52 = 51 P2 = 4006 kPa
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2) h2 = 869.4 kJ/kg
    p3 = p2 T 3 = 1800 K
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) h3 = 2002 kJ/kg
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3) T 4 = 967.2 K
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3) P4 = 306.3 kPa
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4,p4) 0 23 = 13.59 kJ
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4, p4) 041 = -6.202 kJ
    54 = 53 Wcycle = 7.384 kJ
    v4 = v1 11 = 0.5435
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4) mep = 727.4 kPa

    'PLOTS '.
    7.5 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 0.7 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ,

    7
    -,
    ~

    ..l<:
    ~
    0.4 -
    "
    -0

    ~
    0.3
    6.5
    0.2

    0.1

    o I I I I I I

    15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    750 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    700

    m
    a..
    650
    ..l<:
    ~

    0-
    W 600
    E

    550

    15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    yo

    'I-S{
    K"'OI.uN~ Ope('o..n~ c:L~ o.'e.. 'Pt'o","dec:i -for a.~ ,,(r-sfal'\d,ovd L>ier.. L c'Icte..
    ~: Pe~""""';~ '4) t~ ~AU 0+
    t:>.'0 (,,4.) -tNt ~t IIwdd...·f,'O"1 ~'"
    he... ~ (~'iG>,hcM p~" ''teA.. J (Co) +~ ........... v.Ja...-k; (4...,,~ -r'-- +""'e."INf~ ~fft'U"""'7'
    $Ct-\-IM""tC. Ii. E:>WEN Df\TA= AS~\)MP7/",,",S~
    s. ~ € 'tC a ~ e 1· L.
    z,
    13: t~~o K
    A~A'-'T S IS: Th.& _U W\ c.o
    V\ I V'Z,. :. IS
    1M:. P,V, _ (tt'"/..lo'JN/~"')(O.OlloINt1)
    ~Tl -( "'"
    ~".'t l'
    &.:.!!:.")( ~e,o K)
    ",. i'.
    ::. r. 84b ~/O-a..~

    N~+ I f,'l(' E'l>ck 1-tt- r-r;"'~....-l a+A.i-~,f: 3h.-k I: At"T.:'2.10~J'"T...('leA-z.z..i'·Vu


    U I ':. "ZO".~I t:-~/t:"J Vr,: ~1't.I. S~1.: fot' .f1- i s~ ... \w¥,,'C UJ)...,.....,ul·e-...,

    vn:« ~ \Tq ~ t ~s=-')~ 4-S'·C)l3 --1i..: '618.6K) h2,= 'itt2.'i ti· S~3: u,.;h-. TJ ::ll.t:;Dt::./
    h3:: 13~." F-J/t-)J 'In:.. n.ssr . s+.J:.,.'t: Tbr-t""-ai.J."'tnIp ..c , e.«./JMIS'·(M.
    V
    -:.C!~)(iJi.4 )(II.m)= IO~.q~
    d- '
    VN-=-'Yi.vr3
    ~
    = &)/V"L)'1t'3 -::.
    W'Z. t.. 'Vi
    GYi.\(Tl..)v
    Xli J ~ (1 l1.~O
    't:.'!3:. ~ ..'"~t.
    T3 ~.,
    GO
    re
    """,
    «
    t')

    T&.- ~;. Q.~~·k"""...o Ghl ':. "-( t.,z.) = Ct. 8~)l/o~)(nt\l.Il- ,'n.,,): IOIC.J' ~3
    "':1 -
    T..... t...a...k ~ ~+t"",';' ~4' -:. ~(U 4f- -\.4 1 ) -:. 6. 94'}ltci'~(""2t.I'l. - 'l.04.1') =- 4.b94f-1:'O .. ~4'

    Fb,- o, ...y Cl'c.(~ '-"("'fcC e =- &<:'11<... TL.......o..o


    W C'1 c.U. -_ Cl21.1 - <.b 4 1 :. t 0 Ii=-"J - <I- .08 f-I::f = S"... 'e. re:::r 4

    ( ~ f,,~ 0/,,) ...041----------

    1-52.
    KNowN: fol{" Gtll\ o.l·('-~fo.~JC4.vd 'J),'esel eA.Jv/e ~ -rite s+,,:te Af i-ke htZ~'HI1 i~~ of CO~tSS'D~
    Sev t..>/"&4. ( va.l u.es ..fov- ·Hu Y\'\.~)( 1 W\ (A. vt-\ e.y cleo ..fe,~~('~ J<-c,. (~ A r~ "ytDt,uY't,
    0. \'\ c(
    ~-.. 'Plo+ t~ V\~~ woV'1e. fer 1At\;+ vYlCc.SS J the. W\ etUI et:tec..hve.. p 'fessl.(V't!.) a t\4
    -the t1Ae('Ma.1 e~l ci (,lI\ Uj I eo-ck ve.rsU.S CDMp ~siO'IA ra.t;o ra. h!J j"" .f.rofVI +c 20, .s
    SCH€.MA-T1C. , GrIVeU l>A-rA:
    '3 =12.00, ISC!)O, t 800) 2.100 K
    2.~---4t J

    4-
    p,:: I b4H"
    , T; = 3001<
    '----------<1,j
    ANAl..\{~'S: Tl,e .folLow'·II\' ve.ecSOY1J1f\j ;$ LtS~J -lo .solVE +he. pro~/~M "
    t. ,iv~ v~Lu.~ ~ IT J \("", "" \A.a. T" ,r.
    Z. F,'x s+aJe 2. (.(s;~
    Ta.ble. ),-"2.2. )
    ,"&-1
    ~u relA.~s CMV1 SCT, ..r.: .::S(TlJPz.). whe.vt
    -f'kLS' e..xp('e,se"e( ,~fe-fWlS of. vr I /1J"y'&, =:. -v; /'If.,. ,
    lA.""",
    e. US.'~j Pi :P'3. aM.J ~ ;d~ 9"S ef~ : 1Jj: (T3 I T,. ) 'V"z.
    +
    ~, f 1)<. +~e s-l«*e. a. 4 a.s 11-\ 5 fer 2 ~ S (13 J P3) ~ S (T.. ) P.,)j 0'(' '\T""'4/'1.r", :: v;, / 1Jj'
    Jrt>o I "'o\.e ~t '\J.. : 'tT, ' ~
    tJi>W,\,t&I~~ eM~'1 fl>cUGtMce.s ~ W.q.=o; Q7..3~ \'n(~3-~~) I Q~h: vv\(U,-U4)' (,)
    ~ W~ ~ Q z,, 1- Q., = "" (( "3 -k ..\+- ("', -u..\] (2.1

    'F<.,(,y~ 1J"l:: ~ ') ~e.p: W"'1c\~ I WI (s)


    r, '\r, (1- '/r)
    ~:. W'1c,\«./w.. (4)
    G. 7..) I YV\
    s AA1k {w.J.~ ,/r-('-::'-I-S-)-T-3-:- ''L-O-O-'<-{'FV'om Tfl. ~Je A- 1..2 tV#- T,;:. 300/<.
    CfI.
    ~, ~;2.1 i· 0, kr/l'j ,Vf., :. (p '2.1.'2. , T~ V"" 2.::' (Va/v..> 11''(', :: ('/r) '\J"t\ ~ 41.413
    .r~~foto.k.·v1j ;'" To1k 4-22.. j T"Z- =843. '2. " I l-t'l.:: &9,(,,3 k'J'/kj. lJow .. cl.-t T3~ I2.00K;
    ~.1:' 1'211., 'i 1<.:1" I~ ' 'IT''r 3 = /1'.1'1'0. FI.W"~

    ~.. ::. (\("/'\1"3 ') -v;..~ ::. (-'V ~/-tr"") ( -s &./'\Jj) '\Jr3 ::. (~{'V"~ ) (TZ./T3) '\Jr. :: I S2. 514

    ~) T1':' 52.2.( 1< ) '\1.4-::' 375."" k'J'/~ '


    NOW, ~ (. \) -(4)
    CR2.>JW\"= (l",",', - 8b~,"3':: .qoS.2. "S'/~
    W ~cl-e. ':. (~oa.2) +(2..l4. o1 - 17~.Cf") :: 204". 3 1,,:..~1l~
    'v\ ':, tA\,.3/4l\08,'l. :: D,ho 34- (foo.34°{0)
    n~o.l~ ( 9.3'4 "J \
    ~ :,}~"t.:1. ~.I<.J
    (600I L )
    I \ kJ~Y" II lOiN . 'Mj : O.e,~l 'M
    J/~
    (, \#toW") loSr-iI"M"2. IkT

    W\e _ (~4".31c:J'l~) II03fJ'~1 \kJe-W" -:.~.O"SJl)Gl-r


    fl-(o.~b\ \'V\3/l~) (t- V'S) \\CoT I loS'tJl'M2.

    .r.
    PRDBc..c}1 '.31 (CfIYI,l'd.)

    The c{ct.~ -toLl' flA4!. ('elf>v...W~ riots C( re olokA'",e,J t(SI~9 1T) 4S foltloL.Os.',
    IT Code 023 = m * (h3 - h2)
    041 = m * (u1 - u4)
    p1 = 1 II bar
    Wcycle = 023 + 041
    T1 = 300 II K
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 1 I r) I 100
    T3 = 1200 11K
    eta = Wcycle I 023
    r=15
    m = 1 II Asume a unit mass of 1 kg.

    v1 = v_TP\,Air",T1, p1)
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    r = v1 I v2
    v2 = v_TP\,Air",T2, p2)
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    IT Results for r = 15 and T3 = 1200 K
    52 = 51
    v3 Iv2 = T3 I T2 T 2 = 843.4 K
    v3 = v_TP("Air",T3, p3) P2 = 42.17 bar
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3) h2 = 869.4 kJ/kg
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4) h3 = 1277 kJ/kg
    v4 = v1 T 4 = 521.9 K
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4, p4) p4 = 1.74 bar
    54 = 53 02}m = 407.7 kJ/kg
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1) 0 41/m = -161.7 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2) Wcyc,elm = 245.9 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) mep = 3.06 bar
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4) 11 = 0.6033
    PLOTS "
    800 =r----------:----=::=;:=k==i=F1 10 I------:-==:;~==.==F=F"'~

    700
    8
    600

    if 500 ....
    ~ 6
    ~ «l
    .0
    ~ 400
    E a.
    ~ 300 Q)

    E
    4
    I 200
    2 ~ T3= 1200 K
    --+---- T3 = 1500 K
    ------- T3 = 1800 K
    -.-- T3 = 2100 K
    0
    5 10 15 20

    0.7 - - , . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.6

    0.5

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2
    ~ T3= 1200 K
    0.1 --+---- T3 = 1500 K
    ------- T3 = 1800 K
    -.\;-- T3 = 2100 K
    5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
    OpE't"~h~ ded...,... cU'~ ptov,·cia.-l it¥ a~ Q,r-stA.... ckrcL cLoa..Jl c7c..Le.
    iCIUOWI'L:
    F/~f)·. P.c4-e" .......·~f'(.) 1""-' -k'-"C4'AftA.I~,f C1f""~ -e",d of ~(.c-... &.-.tcr-* ~ck"-h·CJ\-o'\.
    ~('~I C.~) -tJ...A.. 1I\f'+ l..U .... 1C. p.... v~ ~q' I r c ) ~ +t.... ..""-,.....t ~ff,·(J·f/l\~
    ~) .f ~ .-.u.", .c f~ c. h' lie p"""U ~ i e . .I
    S'cttt''''''lrl'l ( &~( III"; CA-rA: AS S'U M.p-rl () ~ S:
    a

    AN~t..:rSI
    S: US''''~ 7~"'['~,Ar-'2..J
    O~~'''' r~ ....+Ooll .. + +'-- f"'·IIIC.I·f~
    s-hr..teS:
    ~-tu:t:a". "'1i =100'7 u,= 2.1'1.071 Vrl= ,"~/.2.

    "Fi>r+~ fS'e'",tn:>p"c c.OIMI'~SSI·O'"


    -s-\u.taZ·.

    Vtl. e, ~ V,,:. ~ = ".otl.


    VI l\
    v
    :r, T1,.= :,.02..1- "I l4z.= SI<t.fl.11:-:J!t;j

    CS~1: fi,~ f'-oc.uS 2 -:r J (l)l.'3:' """ I ul - t.f 2.) ~ u3::' <b~ -t! 41. '= 700 +fI'I·'ftt=
    1~1'f.,(~ fC3/~ •..., Ii:... I~O'.YK} ~J:' I c.\l-r. If I f:':JItr; . " ' - 73
    ~.,. 17 - ioo + H.'*'1." -:. "Z.J'I1-!" ,:;]1",
    ~-\a.t.. '-I : Fb~.,......u ~~ l-~ J ~~'l. -.:. """ (~" - "'3) . , h'4:'" .: t- !l-
    ~ T1-::. 2C'7(..· ') IC I VI"Cf = ')..1/. (/ q) -: 4-- 74-

    tc ) -n.- -f1,..A.,..-..t iC' e.\ fl ~ e.., ~

    '-'" C 'f e I ~/""'" 7' 'i. 1-=1- _ o.S"11 (n.J u,.{,)


    Y\ -- .: l+oO
    ~o\/"""'-

    ~c..:t.:1M ~ a ,,,,,,ff> l4

    l\J.) c...,Cl~/ .... ) -:- UJ C"f c..t../ """


    V'~ - v'l.. \T, (I - ,,~U;)
    PR OBLe.-M.. 'L 33
    ThedaJ-t>.. f<>.{' tfAe. r:~lu.~y.e.d plo~ a;r~ o"ltc.ti-te.J U.sl~<j 171 CtS .f.otlows. See p,..ob. ".32 fer
    Set v-<fle. c a LCAA.let t~ 5.
    ITCode 54 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    v5 = v1
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    v5 = v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    T1 = 300 11K
    55 = 5_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    v1 I v2 = 9
    55 = 54
    023 + 034 = 1400 II kJ/kg
    uS = u_T("Air", T5)
    023 I (023 + 034) = ratio
    ratio = .5
    Wcycle I m = 023 + 034 - (uS - u1)
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of
    eta = Wcycle I (023 + 034)
    1 kg.
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 - v2)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1)
    IT Results for 023lm = 034Lm = 700 kJ/kg
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    T 2 = 702.8 K
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    P2 = 2108 kPa
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    P3 = 4534 kPa
    52 = 51
    h3 = 1648 kJ/kg
    023 = m * (u3 - u2)
    h4 = 2348 kJ/kg
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    T s=1161K
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3)
    Ps = 387 kPa
    034 = m * (h4 - h3)
    T 3=1511K
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    T 4=2078K
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)
    Wcyc1elm = 715.6 kJ/kg
    p3 I p2 = T3 I T2
    11 = 0.5112
    p4 = p3
    mep = 935.1 kPa
    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    PLOTS~
    2500 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 800 .--------------~
    700 ______________
    2000
    600-~
    ~ 1500
    -Ee
    ~

    OJ ~
    400 -
    1000
    l 300 ~
    -OJ

    500
    200

    100 -

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1


    heat addition ratio

    0.6 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1000

    ~
    900
    800
    700
    ro
    a,
    ::.:. 600
    !="" 0.3 c. 500
    OJ
    E
    400 -
    0.2
    300 -
    200 -
    0.1
    100 -
    I I I I I I I 0
    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
    heat addition ratio heat addition ratio
    Th~ IT

    IT Code 034 = m * cp * (T4 - T3)


    v4 = v_TP("Air",T4, p4)
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    v5 = v1
    T1 = 300 11K
    T5 I T4 = (v4 I v5)"(k - 1)
    v1 I v2 = 9
    023 + 034 = 1400 II kJ/kg
    Wcycle I m = 023 + 034 - m *cv * (T5 - T1)
    023 I (023 + 034) = ratio
    eta = Wcycle I (023 + 034)
    ratio = .5
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 - v2)
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1 kg.
    cp = cp_T("Air", T1)
    cv = cv_T("Air", T1)
    IT Results for 023Lm = 03Jm = 700 kJ/kg
    k=cp/cv
    cp = 1.004 kJ/kg·K
    c, = 0.7172 kJ/kg'K
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    k = 1.4
    T2 I T1 = (v1 I V2)A(k - 1)
    T 3= 1699 K
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    T 4= 2396 K
    v3=v2
    WcYC1e!m = 796.7 kJ/kg
    023 = m * cv * (T3 - T2)
    v3 = v:TP ("Air",T3, p3) 11 = 0.5691
    mep = 1041 kPa
    p4 = p3

    rLoOTS:
    3000

    2S00

    Q" 2000 T4
    ~

    ...
    -
    C)
    :::J 1S00
    ...co
    C)
    0.. T3

    -
    E
    C)
    1000

    SOo

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 O.S 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1


    heat addition ratio

    o.s-v----
    0.6

    0.4 -
    I--------==========~

    ~ 0.3-

    0.2 -

    0.1 -

    heat addition ratio


    PR08veM ~35

    KNOWN: Altl e)t:pr~ssioY\ BW.e1ll for +he. ~errnO(.I e~lc.ie~c.Cj of o; cole( a.~r­
    ·loS
    shtnaarcL d.(AO,l Ctj de I·"" terrvls ef COMrr-ess i01l\ rn.fto) r" e-u.foff
    raft 0) rc:. ) ~k.e;{ p("esstL~ raJio.ft>.,. fke c.or\mlf\t 11'VL"'1tl~ heAt
    ~d.L t j ern,.,J r p .
    f LN P ~ .De V'l·VL -the e lC p(""es:s to)'\, .
    ASSUMPIlON$: See EXC4.Mpl-e ":a . Also, +l.1e spe.c.ific. heats 4 re U)~-k4""t.
    MJAL,\/SIS: Be,in w·,flA. ~. '1.1'f
    "1 = I_ ( US" -u. )
    (U 3 - U z.) +- ( k If - fA,) )

    :. I -
    Coer tr, -t: ) (1S-~ )
    (~)
    =1-
    l.1T (T3-T'Z.) T c.p (T..,- T3 )

    Note +h~t yo :: 11; 11.1'"1, ) rC. ': 1Ji, /tJi , C4 a.u:;( rp :: ~ I p~ . T£..~refo..-e
    ~"l
    T =
    ,
    ('t1JjTz.) T
    2.
    :. T z..
    r &e-f

    T3 :(~)T:z.. = r p T"2-

    Tit ={::13 )T 3 :::. rC. 7 3 :: r; r p T z.


    la.~t k.-I
    r5 -:(~) T :.
    Us 't
    (1Et .1.Iz.) -J't
    "lf3 Vj

    StL~S+;tl(.t-1~B tl4ese. V'.e.l't tlO"¥\s lVlto t~) B\ves

    VI -
    '\' - 1- ~
    Ie l
    r -
    [
    (rr-l)
    rp rc."'" -
    +k
    I
    t"'p(rc.- l )
    J4!4!--------~~
    Yesu(t
    IeN.IoUN: Op..... A-h·Io'\~ CllLo..+-e..... ArC. p"'ov;~eci 101"'0..11\. ~tr- t+""'~' c:L&.u..l cyete..
    PlfVt): 1)-e~,••"."l\e lA) +hA he ...f A.clJ..'n' 01'\ Q'+ CoO'\~+ .... '" vo ('" """e.... Q.f'\.c:l a.~
    Ci)",sh... + ~ UI.4."t., (.10) ~ .,..,.~ ~ 0,.11=/ ~) +...... ~ClA. +- r-e.J -f>c.+ e" l Cd) +k.t. -f"'f..a r~
    eff'C04.·~'"
    ''1 .
    ~C.t+~""Il\T( c &G.lVttv As SU MPilON $:

    1
    S.ee E",~ ..... ~le. cr.3
    p
    A "'-JA-t.."r' &IS '. U t .''''5 cL.A.~ frtAA- 7~
    A,U, oft" eAc. h 1 ~ rrJ...,~'r-t
    ~ta.i-es,
    s~ I ~ A+ 'i = ~oo te:'J U, =;l,11.(.O' lc.;r IIr:j
    '1'", ': ~ ~I,"2-

    v
    -
    ~\-..t:i.2.: Fot-~ ~~~",,~f'c ~ ur~
    1/1"7. ':. ~ V(L = ~ ':. ~<g.~'Z.S" ......") U't..':<O"l3:~S" kr-/~
    Vi l\# T ~ '::~fo2. ({ k
    ~~1\ Fz:.1"-t1- a-s+...t\.+ ~ k.....b .. ~.+a'~) T3=~/Pl.)Tz.~ (~q1.3 K,
    ~ 1'5"&0,0 F-u/~) hI '= ~lJ..t4.0 '" i1/~,
    U3 ':
    ~~ 4: nr ~ CAJ\.w~ ~ I ...
    ~ ~d~'-h'~J ~.
    T4'= V'4- T3
    "V.3 ~ (l.tS)(lm.3)-::'2.I~;4K.
    ~ h'l=2tfgO.Co ':0/1=1) V-r'/-'= 'J..0101
    S~\: Ftw- ","'- \'S,. . ",,~.c. ~fC\~tM. V'~: 'Vi Va = ((o)U.ts}-:'('$,QI3
    v~ Y z. "V'4-

    ~ Vrs ': ~ ""y~ ':. (l"!>,'f ('~ )( 1.0101) '::. 28, (~H 0 ~ lA. s: =- 'TZ, I ."'L "r I~ s
    (4) ApP(tr\j -el'\er~ f9-,O"'..... -Q

    Ci12.3 ~ ~(tt3 ().04"~ (l~go.o - <Of.(~,1S-Y'~s =- 31.c.cllt.Y~s


    -l.(l.) ':.

    ~1" =~ (h '1_ ~,) ':. O.Ol{ lc..~ (2.t{g (M,D -.ll tl{.()) l~~ -= t t{. "l.<D '%j
    tID) FW- A-, c.,et..) WC"fc:..l" ':.. (t)c'1 u e . T~) J'llo'\~ fk'OUI~;".$ I_L) '1-~~ A.c:liA.b,.",~
    We-c.l.a ':. (~h.l+lQl'4-) - Gltl : (11.~1+ (4.1C.) - (O,Ot()(11.1.1..-2.l't. Ol )
    -, t L -

    = ~l.l./'l ",;l
    M(",.\.(,) ;;ctk.J
    J
    (e) .,.~ l-....r ~.c.~'- ~ ~ S'\ : *( U$"'- u. ) :& ~O.'l,..,\ k.:i .

    t.el) T""- ~""'-'"~cA ~ e; ~


    "\'\ -:. We"cl.A ': "11.(.('1 =-OI<.t>O~ (<DO#~%)
    -\ &\V\ "?>1.t(, + (\.(.1.-(P
    ""-

    (. ~~.<S»...,
    KNoWN'. A~ e:t'"r- s~~.,.~ ~ l t.c;jde hQ.s e, \c.W\.O\AN\. c.ov-.pi'e~·l"'" ..,~O
    ~ .... ~~ec.l(;u. Sw..t~ o.t ~ 'o~\V\V\\~ lOt. c..CN't'f1'e~S\·~. 11.f ~
    heed 6llGltt\M ~ tA.",,+ ~~s CM,...l ftu.. ras~I.(.,\,~ ~;. fu w..A.. ef
    +~ ~s\-o.M.t ""tu.M~ \o.ll.CA.-t wU.a,~ O-\".(It Q,{SO kkJ)\A.M..
    lltf-tV'MI;"'e -tkA. ~~+ w&v'k. ~ ~ h~*. V'-E(ed·c,'nA J tl.<lck ~r .
    l.U.U.t \W>-~s o~ ~lr_ Also, -+"'e. +\\e.YA\eJe", c.lell\~ ~ c.w.+c* r..:tlo.
    Plot ihQt-e ''''41'''J\-h'E-J ve ... ~1.oU COMP-U»$S"tN\ f"tlfl·o.

    SCHEMAAIC. et 6r\VEJV DMA ..


    of 3....-_""'~ f3=P~-:' 1200 llPf(j",~
    C'l'V\/VV\: 800 ~\-(A/l'b
    '-----1
    I Ai~ , is
    ,
    ,
    ____ I
    ,
    I V,/'l, '=

    ,5 Ibf-
    P,;: 1«4.0 ~~
    , T; '= 52001<
    ~---------
    '\.T
    MJAt.ysls ~ B~\l'\ b'j t~x i~ e~(.~ 0" +~ !yr\\I\c.'~t.t\ $\.o.-\e~ ~~ ~ Ujde. (To.~\e."·16~ .
    S;'o..1e. t : T, =520 oR. =t>- u., = 8c9.b 2. B~l\b ) 't.rr , -:. 15S.58
    si~te. 'Z.: FoV'" +~ \se",,+rcl'\.c. ~~n':oll\, ) 'U"V-'Io 7-~... I'J,) ""fl -: 10.3"r'2.. .
    1\MA.s) "'1.': \LtCo 8. S o~) u.~ ': 2(00, '2,<" I~/llo ) ~ Pr'2. .... 51. 5" \
    <5+o.-\e '3 ~ S \\i\c.~ V3:' V2,. ) T 3 ':, (1"3 ,p-z.) T 2.' To <J Itt r.... ) l)A.JL
    poz, ':. <..Pp;:)p, -:. 5calf. '2.&:> l~-FLI'",: '=t> TJ = ~cH,S.q oR.
    -r~.> u 3 : 511."" 6f1Vlb ~ tot 3 .... '180.'7 hhI.J\b
    S~c. 'i ~ 'Tkc. i'c*a-l lud Q.dcllt\~ is. k.\u)\AJ~. -rtw..o
    ~ e, Q~ '" Q.~ -:: (u.~-lA'&o) + (h't- h, )
    ox: "" ... = Q~ _ (~'\ -~-z.) -t-"'-3 -::. 12.(03. 5'," f)~lfb
    ~) T~":.«.t5'1.b DR ()Jy"j.. 'tT r Ll ~O.'2.SL(8
    S~aie.s: for ~ i.s~~~~c. e~pcw..slO'\A.
    V•
    v\t -: Y!.. V$ ::. V, .:!! -= q '1181
    V.,. VLf Y-z.. '" .
    ~ '\.T"'5 ":. \~) '\1"('~ =-~.'b8 ~ 15= 22QQ.2 "«, L<S='f31.0 s\w'lb
    .
    Now I ~ kL(J.,+ f~, e.(.,~~,"", rex u.~ ~S$ t s

    (h) ~ -:: Us - U I ':. l(3\.0 - BB.(o'Z., -:. 347..4 (?~tlb <a G.Sl!.,.,.

    rc,,,, t\\e ~c.l~) vJ ~c.\<. ~ ~~c \4 • 1\twl


    CtA.) WCA{\(.\e Q.\iI\ QS\
    VV\ -: ~ - "'" :. 4 51.~ fO\u./lb ..
    (G) Tl1e -the..- m",l e U lC, te.Y1 c.~ 'tS
    l1.. -: (wc-'.ic.le Ir\'\) tc ~\",IM) :. ~'S"1.,,) /(BOO) =0,512 (57. 24»/0 )~AS----
    (d) -rWL cv..+-O~ ..ol-lt> is
    '(Co =- 'I1'4/'V3 :. T4/T} =. 4Si7.(p/'2-"I(,s.~ -=- 1.5+3 ....
    ~,...---------~
    P(?Of>L5M <1.31

    The. dak fo-r ~e Y'e~ U,lV.eJ 'Plots ~re.. olb+o-.~L\e..J l.t5'·~ IT) as fe llof,ps, ~
    ITCode p4 = p3
    p1 = 14 //lbf/in. 2 s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    T1 = 520 /I OR v5 = v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    r = v1 / v2 55 = 5_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    r=15 sS = s4
    p3 = 1200 //Ibf/in. 2 v5 = v1
    Qin / m = 800 /I Btu/lb u5 = u_T("Air", T5)
    m = 1 /I Assume a unit mass of 1 lb.
    Qout / m = u5 - u1
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1) Wcycle / m = Qin / m - Qout / m
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1, p1) eta = Wcycle / Qin
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) rc = v4 / v3
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2, p2)
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    s2 = s1 IT Results for r = 15
    T 2 = 1469 oR
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2)
    T3 / T2 = p3 / p2 T 3 = 2971 OR
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) T 4 = 4582 oR
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) Ts = 2301 OR
    v3 = v2 Wcyc1e!m = 457.9 Btu/lb
    Qin / m = (u3 - u2) + (h4 - h3) Qout/m = 342.1 Btu/lb
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4) 'll = 0.5724
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4, p4) rc = 1.542

    f(OT~ ~

    ..c
    500 - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.6 ,------:=================j
    :§ ~
    Wcycle/m
    ~ 400 -

    ~
    E ~-----~~~~-___i 0.4 -
    ~
    c
    300
    :::J Qout/ m
    Qi l=" 0.3
    ~ 200
    ~ 0.2
    (/)
    c
    ~
    ;, 100 -
    0.1
    ....
    OJ
    <l>
    C
    <l>
    o I I I I I I I o I I I

    10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

    3---r-----------------,

    2.5

    ~ 1.5

    0.5

    0-t-,.--,----,--r-"T"""""1---r--,--,--,........,--,---r---r-r---,----,-t
    10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

    tt-tvl
    I'N OWN' Ope('~n'~j dA.+o.. o.... e, pt"o v '·ded for o.~ ellf'-S""'''''<i.1'd ~4I--l c'1 cte..
    FINe>: FUf" (;... ~tlMv"", c'lcl~ 1e.....,.,er.. f<,..('~ 8000 d~iH~"'e (4.) +~ 1 0R

    he...... ,.,cldoc:l ) (.10) \..U0W""k:.) c e ) -t'-. ~ ~ a..tt"<.i~


    -t'- .....1- J (c:i , ~ ~ '" '7
    ~ff<c:.hv-t pusn..u e .(el Plot-tt- 'vatth"h·... t 1> pAr"+S C4l)-Ccl) ve-rrUJ ~1·_Ul.A-
    c'1 Cl..... "'t~ .... ~-\u ..t vo."~\I\j ~~ '3000 1'b ~oo°R..

    SC.H-l.MA-rlC 8..~1 vt tv bJ"r7A : A SSuMP"TtoNS:

    + Ti: .... A~,.."'vlo\ c,,#cle ~f>e 6~""""Ple Cl·3


    "'t~-~-ro.'" ....tct.
    A-~ A\"""rsfs :
    p
    ,,,,":3 0 0 0 ° "- ••• b ...",.., 10:;
    r.= 1'I.~\bf/i .. ' l.
    f, 'I.;"', +c...a t.t~ of ~ c.t.... pr"~ c..r.p~
    e: 1\ ": 5"10° R(,Sl>OJ:)
    fh....te C.UI"'j c:l.A.n. fw-Dkoo. CAble.,
    V\ ~ o·S'+t3
    A-2..l...f: '

    'S~~ I: T, ~ ')Ib°tc ) """I '=' 8',-.q I a~/{.h ) vn': ito":1-"!.

    sbob 2..: nr -t""-' IH"'hv>\'c. c..oV\o~.uS'·"""1 Vrt:' lfz./Vi)Vt't ~ (If.c.::rtl'')=iO.4'2-(


    ~ '1i ':. ''1-7'., oR. I (J~ ':. U t • b8 B"""'/ {h
    'S-kl:A. '3: FbI"" -\"''''-a C'OY'sh....+ II'O(UW\o..I u-..-:t .... dc:lt·h CM " 13/Tt.:: P3/PL, . Tk.04r,
    T):.1.Tz...:' '2-CfS2. 'LOt?'" ..:::-, Lc'J':. ST'f.:3'3(}~II&J "'J:" 71(.,.bCJ 1'3+"-1/6.

    ~To. ~ '" : w;.f1,.. 7 <I -:. '1 0 oo"~ / ~"+:. reiD. G.8' '{In../ (I), V"'I =t. td
    S~S: For" f1-. iUll'~lc.. ~PA'" $"0""' ~-:. ~~JV...)
    V... '1rf) w"-re,

    V5:
    V4
    ~ Yi..
    'Vi.. V'"4
    V 3 = Vz.
    5lJ.. '3 -=
    T+
    Ito (2.'1$'4,2. )
    ~ooc)
    = (~.T"I J ~ Vrso:;. I e. ST~
    - ~
    /$1'''- f, =P+
    St) \.l~ = 2.08.7Ct> ~"""'llh
    Vi -:.:!i J
    'iN 7\1

    ""T"'-t ~, of ~ S"'1,,-..W\....; olo-n...,.,·"'IecoJ t-rCMo.-


    m-:. P,'\1i _ ~i.~~N.,t 1Iof/ftl)(O''S"f1?) : o.bl8'lB Ib
    ~ ~ (~ H·lbf '\( SIOo~)
    ~8.q'l lit· 0lt J

    (~ )

    (c..)

    q-{,2
    TIAe. &.A.~ .ref' ft,vL ('~u..iKt& plo\s arC!. O~to..l""eJ ltSl'Wj
    IT Code =
    v5 v_TP("Air",T5, p5)
    p1 = 14.5 II Ibf/in.2 s5 : s_TP ("Air", T5, p5)
    T1=5101l oR s5-s4
    _ 3 ~=~
    V1 - 0.5 II ft uS = u T("Air" T5)
    V1 I V2 16= - ,
    p3 I p2 2 = v1 = V1 1m
    T4 = 3000 II "R Qin = m * (u3 - u2) + m * (h4 - h3)
    Q51 = m * (u1 - uS)
    =
    v1 v_TP("Air",T1, p1) Wcycle = Qin + Q51
    =
    u1 u_T("Air", T1) eta = Wcycle I Qin
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) mep = Wcycle I (V1 * (1 - V2I V1» * (778 1144)
    v2 = v_TP("Air",T2, p2)
    v1 I v2 = 16
    s2 = s_TP("Air", T2, p2) 0R
    IT Results for T 4 = 3000
    s2 = s1
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2) T 2 = 1477°R
    T3 I T2 = p3 I p2 T 3 = 2954°R
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) T s = 1196°R
    =
    h3 h_T(flAir", T3) m = 0.03838 Ib
    v3 = v2 c, = 12.49 Btu
    h4 = h_T(flAir", T4) Wcycle = 7.837 Btu
    =
    v4 v_TP("Air",T4, p4) 11= 0.6273
    =
    p4 p3 =
    mep 90.33 lbf/in."
    s4 = s_TP("Airfl, T4, p4)

    -4>LOTS:
    25
    0.7

    20 0.6
    S'
    ....
    11l 0.5
    .... 15
    ~
    IJl
    C
    0.4
    ........>.
    1O
    10 W cycle
    ~

    0.3
    ....
    OJ
    (I)
    c
    (I) 0.2
    5
    0.1
    0
    0 I I I
    3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
    3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
    T4 (OR)
    T4 (OR)
    180
    160
    140 ~ ~ M~lMIAV"\ ~cA.t. t.(.V\.'f~e.
    N
    ~
    120 1V\c..V'eA.~~') wto see ~ ~ ~et WO'fk.
    c
    E 100 ~ 'Mt-p ~o~ \\AC (Q,CAc;e.. eLf. we. £.1 •
    :f!
    ~

    0.. 80 l~VlU"')~ ~ ~&.M+lO\l\~050U


    \Af I o..wt. M o: '1e,<;.u.it & ~~
    (I)
    E 60
    40 ~c.~.w~ ~e.cr~es ~li~~.
    20
    0
    3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
    T4 (OR)
    ?-b.3
    "'tJow~: A'I\ Q. w.
    s~V\~o.r& d.M.a.A ~c..l~ hA.s ~ Ic.t\o..w~ c..oW\r~,~iolo\ fQ,+io <NWA
    C4 sp~c.'fi(,e( GWt. t:lLt tke.. ~\~V\ i ~ .f U>Nf'f'e~(~ . The fof.o.l ~eo.+ oddltl'oll\
    is ~\"C.",.
    ~~ 1>'0+ fhe ~e+ 1A)C>'lk. yer u.~,,+ ~~ti.s) the MeA'" e~ech'v~ p'le~Su.('<t, a.~ +We
    t\,\e.("MOl\ ef·(·:,de\l\C1( vexsu.s c.o~(~S.l~ V'~+i.() ro..~ '~.9 .fy~M to 10 2-D fov-
    VaxlOv..es vI..\Me.s o¥ fk. ncli.~ of c.oM~t ""lMr\t~ To -to+cl1 ~eo...t i""\.l."t.
    SC!#€MA-ILC. l 'I "eN J>.+Th: 3"
    AsjUMPT!O&S ~ See .EX~'Mfl-e Q.3. f
    Q)
    I
    AN M" j, ~: The. +0 tl Ow I'I'\~
    use~ .+0 ~olve ~ pro~eM:
    Y"e'iS ov\. ,~~ IS
    . ~1"
    M.
    Q'4:

    10 ~ VI/"~
    W\oI\
    1000

    <f 2.0
    !JIb..
    """J

    I. G, \le~ Vd(u~ '. r. J 1'; J Y'I M,,~ ~~" / C~'1.,,+ Q)4)'


    5
    2. f ix ~We z, US''''j icl~ ~(H YeltA.~~ P, ~ l b4,..
    ~ seT,) 'P,) =SCT~)Pc..)' w\.1eM (.(,~rlo\j L-- I r;:
    V 3001<.
    1a.J,I~ A-'2.1 I~ls e.)(r('e~se& ;'" +e'f'M-S' ~
    "\J;., / -v; &. : AJ; /11"'L •
    3. use.. Q'l.') :: M (U~-Ul.) -l-o ~..Q..t TJ . n.tM. '\1)::. tr" 9\ves P3 :: (T3 ITt.. ) r-a..
    4. h>r s~4) lA4-e.. P~-=Pa ~ Gi-t ~ ~(k4\-~~) ~T4) 'tJ4.
    to
    5. ~,x: s~i-e S ~s t"" s-k-p ~ u.s '''''1 S C.T1-, f4) ~ SCTS J 'Ps) or '\1;-.,./11'('5 '.:. 1./4.1'\1$ •
    A\ se I V\o\.<. ~ '\J's ::: ~ •
    l\Jow, v..~\V\~ eN\~l1 bGltCAMc.es ~ W~ = Q~ => w~ 2 G.~3 + ~t _ (Us-lA.,)
    w\u.'(~ &.ov.:t{~-e, U.s - u,. ~Ci.o
    Y\:. W t4fb:1 V"\ ~ ~ e.p ': W uy:-te: I Y\I'\.
    (Q2.~+Q 1 04) IW\ '\)"1 (1- '/ '(")
    S(A~ Ie cttl.e.u.(a~. Ir :qD ) Q ~ Gh.., / (Q'l.~+ Q)..) = O.S I frOM T~fol~ A-'t2..
    a.+Tl = 3 0 0 l<:: U,:'Zt4.or lc.!'(k- .'\T\,,\:'~21.2.T~s
    j
    -r-, I~,_
    • -~
    ~(y"z./'\f:)'\l"r -:.~2.\2 .
    'Z.' \
    vr
    'IlAo~~f"po \Q..·h·v\, H\ I ~tc. A -7. 2. ; '1..:"'130 L< ) (). -z. -= 5 3b.1 k.:r JJo w /4.
    (.\3: {J'n I YY\ +- (,( 4 : / 0 3 ". I k 'J"//<j =t> T3 :: / 314-. 11' I h 3 ~ 14' 3 . 4" k J" I ~
    F(,(,l'~) ~4: Q141M+ ~3 :.t'f/3.4lt1 kJi~ =t;?T+:/7l7.11<) 1{... =i.S'zG,
    -tr,s ::.('\fS/1T4}'1f'~4 :.(:r./~I..)('\f:JJ'V4)'\rW"+ =-C'iI1foz.)(i3!T4) '\T("~ =. ~4.4S.3
    ~s) Ts::~q1.<i' 1<. 1 LC s -:.{P7?J.'SS k.J/l~.
    foJow
    W~d..e..{~ ': lODO - (bi3.5'5'- 214.01):' 5"90,5 JC:T/J"

    Y\. :. Wc1~I~ 0.5+05 (5'4.85°/1» :.


    ""..-::.
    v
    \
    e. T. __ E~i.~_ ~) t: ~DO 1<) I'D~"J'
    p\
    -=.I
    (l ~"'r')
    "'
    \ \<.-r
    I L10....
    lOS tJl'M'1.
    ::: O. SLI
    Uf W\ ~/'~
    (Sio.Slc.J'/~) lO)N·V\I\II l\'fN' I
    'IV' ep ~ 5 :. "ff1 S ~Q.,.y"
    (O.8~' w. '/~) (I - '/'0) lleT lO tJIWl'l.
    ,.h~ dcd·~ -for ~ ('~u.~r~ plots Me. l)b~L~eJ ()St~~ IT: 4tt folLoLQS :
    ITCode p4 = p3
    v4 = v_TPC'Air",T4,p4)
    p1 = 1 II bar s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4)
    T1 = 300 II K
    u4 = u_T("Air", T4)
    (Q23 + Q34) I m = 1000 II kJ/kg
    v5 = v1
    Q = Q23 I (Q23 + Q34)
    s5 = s4
    Q= .5 v5 = v_TP("Air",T5,p5)
    r=10 s5 = s_TP("Air", T5, p5)
    m = 1 II Assume a unit mass of 1
    u5 = u_T("Air", T5)
    kg.
    Wcycle = Q23 I m + Q34 I m + Q51 1m
    v1 = v_TPC'Air",T1,p1)
    Q51 = m * (u1 - u5)
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    eta = Wcycle I (Q23 + Q34)
    u1 = u_T("Air", T1)
    mep = (Wcycle I m) I (v1 * (1 - 1 I r» I 100
    s2 = s1
    v2 = v1 I r
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2,p2) IT Results for Q23 I Q1n = 0.5 and r = 10
    s2 = s_TP ("Air", T2, p2)
    u2 = u_T("Air", T2) T2 = 730.2 K
    m * (u3 - u2) = Q23 P2 = 24.34 bar
    u3 = u_T("Air", T3) T 3= 1316 K
    v3=v2 P3 = 43.86 bar
    v3 = v_TPC'Air",T3,p3) =
    T4 1729 K
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) T s = 899.3 K
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) Wcyc1elm = 540.2 kJ/kg
    Q34 I m = h4 - h3 II = 0.5402
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4) mep = 6.972 bar

    PU9TS:
    700 , . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    600
    7~
    6 -
    Cl 500
    ~
    -.
    -, 5 -
    ~
    Ii;
    400 ..c
    E
    -. Q23/ o, = 0 (Diesel cycle) 0.. 4 =
    Q23/ Qin 0 (Diesel cycle)

    ~
    Q)
    300 Q23/ Qin = 0.25
    (I)

    E Q23/ o, = 0.25
    Q23/ Qln = 0.5 3 Q23/ Qin = 0.5
    S Q23/ o, = 1 (Otto cycle) Q23/ Qln = 1 (Otto cycle)
    200
    2
    100

    O-t---r-...,..----r-...,..----r-..,.----r-..,.-----r---i O-t----r-..,.-----r-..,.-----r-.,....-----,-.,....-----,---i
    10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

    0.7 , . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.5

    0.4
    Q23/ Qln = 0 (Diesel cycle)
    0.3 Q23/ Qin = 0.25
    =
    Q23/ Qln 0.5
    0.2 =
    Q23/ Qln 1 (Otto cycle)

    0.1

    O-t----r-..,.----r-..,.----r-..,.-----r-..,.-----r---i
    10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
    KtvOW~ ~ Alr eV\telrS +Wl. c0\"Af't'ecs.so(" ()~ 0..\1\ \.~eo..\ ~'('tA.~ ~ Cotde\.e ""\~ lc:.Wl..OW\I\
    ~l+i'oll\~. ~ CO~("et;~o(" pYe.$S~f".e. ra.Ho \~ Ql~o lc.~w~.
    fl Nb·. plo+ ~ VtA.V'\Ot.'-S ~'t'o\~ \\'\'~t +e~o..~eS(A)-tk
    "\\A-0f'l\'\tl\ e.-Cflde",':'1 ) (.\)) +kL bA.C.k. woV'~ V"Glfio) tA.\A.tl (C\ +kL
    "et ~OW ec ol.e.vetopcuL
    SC~MAT\C. Q (;{\VEtv DAtA ~

    I I
    l;'-:::~_:-=_=_~==,-
    p. =. 100 k~O\.
    ~ J Q If
    A $$VMPTlOt.J$: 5 ee c:)(A.MP~ .,"T
    s
    ~
    (A.\(')
    A-NAL'i SL~: S CA.m pIe caLwla ho V\~ OJ'€.. Q i V(~ be low .fey 6e'it-r(),,{ h,L"~ .\..ie.
    .
    T,::.300~
    "'SY1\~Js

    i.,£d" ff.fl4-
    reY'AA-(.AY~s. Flrst',J .fl")( e~c.u of f£uL lw,i,\C.'pa' <>rClies [,CltbJ4 A- Z 2).
    sto.fQ. , T,:. .3DoK =t> \', ~ 300"~ Jc.J"/~ ~ fh ~ I. ?>8CPO
    sta.te. '2, For"' +ke. I·S~h-h-o,,&C. eo~t"'~SSIO)'\", I P.-2. "'<'Pz./ p , ) Pr , = 13.8lcO.
    T\v..\.S" T '2. ':: 5'1'f. 1 K o..~ h"J,::' 57'1. 8, Ic.:r/~
    stMe}

    ~
    ' t!) O O k ~ h~ ':. 'ol.{(Q.o~ Ic.;r/k., ' Pw-:a ':: ""'.0
    T 3'" 1'2.t!)ol< -t> h,:: 12.7'7."1'1 1c::r1J~ )1'.-3:.2.38.0
    LCPo(!)" ==t> h) '" '757.57 lc;r'tJ~ ) PrJ • 7tfl. 2-
    s+. 't FOr- ~ \.se.II\~k elCf(A.""~\C""'- ) P"e.t =(fy/fs) P"a ~T'1'.1 h",.
    "TIw..s>
    " ,'1 ~ T'f ::. s» 3.ti I'- ) It 'f
    :. S'lS.4!S Ic:r/b, (/000 k:.)
    PYL(:'
    [ ~3.8 ,J T4:' (pCPS K ) h,# e, r.75. 8lf J=-:r1Jc., C1~DO Jc,)
    14\·12. oJ T.., ':'- qU.3") h'l ::. 'lC/S.",S /l:.T/~ (lWOOJc,)

    (0.) Tke +\\.eV'V\4.~l ec{'i.c.i~CCj is


    \1...-= 1 - h'f-""
    h '3 - \1\ '\,
    (~) TLu. ~A.~k wo-rk,. V'C\.,+\'o is
    bwr ':. \,]. - \i\t '::. 2- 'lot. 1,7
    h •- ~'( h'l- ~'i
    (c.) T~(.. yo",ev- ~s Cb'r) p,
    W~t -: W\ l(~'S-"hd -(h2--h,"] 1: ~TI t(h,?--~'C)-;).11.t9'J
    1~e results are j"urn W1.4r /'z.J. iiA ~ pl~k 011 fu I!.e.~t- ptAff.. t..Jk~c.'" j l've eitcL-t
    Df .r~(5~ ~b\~Iot+ifie~ v.e"'~us -fur~ILAe I~.tet +eM.f~(.(.'l4v'e.j rCH'\'1/~q frorvr /000 fo
    l~()ok.
    PIl06l-E.}I1 ct ,40 ((O)tl'ef)

    Tltleetetk" -rc.r ft,.~ r-e.~\A.L'V"~& p\ok ec.re ~.(Me.ve;.~ Io j ~ f<>HOlAoll"""~ rr 'Pro~p'''6..t'1 '"

    IT Code
    mdot = AV11 v1
    =
    p1 100 II kPa v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    =
    T1 300 /I K Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1»
    p2/p1=10
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2»
    p3 = p2 bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)
    T3 = 1000 /I K
    p4 p1=
    AV1 = 5 /I m3/s
    IT Results for T 3 = 1000K
    =
    h1 h_T("Air", T1)
    s1 = S_TP("Air", T1, p1) h1= 300 kJ/kg
    =
    s2 s_TP("Air", T2, p2) h2= 579.7 kJ/kg
    s2 = s1 h3= 1046 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2) h4= 548.3 kJ/kg
    =
    h3 h_T("Air", T3) m = 5.807 kg/s
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) IN = 1264 kW
    s4 = s_TP("Air", T4, p4) net
    s4 = s3 bwr = 0.5623
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4) 11 = 0.4672

    PLOT~ :
    0.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 3200 - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    2800
    0.5
    2400
    0.4
    bwr ~ 2000
    ~

    Q) 1600
    c:
    'S 1200
    0.2
    800
    0.1
    400
    O-t----,-----,-----r-----r---r-,..---r----r---r--,.--..----l 0-t----,-----,----r-----r--r-,..---r----r-----,-----,------r-1
    1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
    T3 (K) T3 (K)

    FroM +h~ r,lOH we. Sf-eo ~& ~e+ lAJOYk. bf ~ ~de. ''''('''t.4{~S S\3 nt f Le.te.1.\.-t~
    ~ -t\A.t b~t.k.-~oYIt. ..",,,;he> tl..(.c.r~tlS"e:s C.t~ -t:u.~\1Ae. lll\l~ ~M.~rCl-k..t.re
    ''''C("(.M.e~, fo't'" k)«(..J. coY\.\.pre,sot l'r«s~rcz reUio" Howevev) ~ ~~ 'u'\pt-Ct
    tlt\ c.r~e5 Sl~\'\i~\c.tMt~~ \ ~ fu 'U~ .i.1 ~ VEW~ S\i~,,* ~U.r~~ ilA
    ~\f~ e.~\c;eV\.(,~"
    PfoBLEt-\ ct. 4-1
    K~owl\I ~ A~,.. e.""~ ~ c..or\\.?"~sso('" 0';' 0,,\1\ ic(efAl 'B,.~.J.o", ~de. w',& \c.M.OW~
    CCMO..ltCO~. /he. -k,w'o\\Ae. \V\\~t +e~-eYCl~~ \ $ Spe<:\.T\eJ..

    E\ t-.Jt> : PLot fo'(' e, ':' i V~\A r{,l.~~ o-f e.-o~f'('esso(" f(es~u{'.e.. Y'o..f\o~ ~(;..) -\tA.e.
    -lke.,,"'M.~\ e-H-lcie~~ ~ «(0) tiJ2. b~ wOV' k. ra..+(o) 6.~ <.C) +WL
    V\e.+ pOWeAf" ~evQ.lcpeJ...

    SClrtSMA!\c. i <P lVEN DA1A:


    2~ ~~20
    T T3"l"lOOK

    I-
    I
    I Compressor
    I
    1;=========:;1
    "-'
    I

    S I I I
    P. -=\00 ~ol'--- ~--~
    !rSSlJMPTLOA.'S: See Exa.'M.p{«,~.If . T, ~ 300 Ie:. Qout
    t\NAI.~ ~(S ~ $~ Y\l\P \oL c..CdCMlll\:h O'\I\S (}.f'e ~'V~IA C/r'r),::' 5 'M"Jis
    IAQfe.. Firs"") ~ &+ +#N2. PV-lV\C.·\PQ.( stce.tc.s ''1o.lole. A- 22)
    fi'K:.
    :s-ta-te. I T,:: 3eo Ie:; => h,:: 3eo.\Q k'l'"JI~,) Pr, ~ 1.38(P()
    state 2 For 'Seli\+r0pl'C c.o~('es,":o",- .. PY'"Z =(Pc./P,) PY'I =t> T.) 1., ..
    ikM.s,
    lo =t> fY''2.::' 8.3lCo ) T1 = 'i<fB."I t.) h-z,= 501.36 k"J"/"=9

    f
    f-a./f,:: 8 '=t> Yt'a, ~ 11.088 ) T1.::: 53'l.8l<. .. h'Z,:. Slf'l.IS k31~
    12.. ~ Yo "lfD.'32) T1::' "03.&lK" ~'Z, -:.fD'O.bS k~/~
    S+et;\e.'3 T3 =t 4~O\<, k ~ .... , S , S. 4 2. k.'J"' I k.~ ) pr 3 :. "(SO. 5
    =t>
    s~te. &f "For +~ l~V\~ptc.. e."'f(;\.\A.$l·O'V\. P""t -= <r"'/P3) Pw-- 3 =t> T'f) h'l
    j

    IWJ.S)
    75'·oS3 , T'f:: 8qQ,3 " > h" :. tt3Z.20 k'J"/~

    (ct)
    f\"""f -
    i
    The ~G-"V\o\~\ eCf(cie.\Il~ is
    6".311. , lit .... 834.1" ) h'f :. Bf#O .~O Ic::~r/~
    31.5'1'2. ) Tit:' 751 K .) h'l = '7(g8.38 k;r/~~

    "t -:. l - '" l.f - \t\\


    ~'l - h ..
    lb) Th~ 'o~c.k wo,," Y'("l,+Co LS

    bwV" -e, h".- '" \


    "'"3-\\'i
    (e)Th'!. ne.'+ powe-V'" cie"~lopc..cl LS <!fv-) P .
    Wcydt:' Yht("'~-~~)-(.~~-\A,\] = R~, ' tCh)-"'\t) -(h..-h,)]
    The. resu.lts a.ve. -:>U-IM'MOlri ·u.J.. \\1\ +kJL +O\.low·l~ +""ID\-e:
    f'a'/P, \'\. ( 0/0) bwY" W'Nl-t (leW)
    to 31,(01 .:3 LfS 2.218.(0 m=s.S01~ls
    8 42.. ~'2. .~"1- 2.~8~.8
    ,2- 'i5.:~5 .LfI<D 2.S 55.z..

    ih<l cl~~ .fo1" +I.te. re'\)u.~V'eJ. r10h ~V'e oIo~~lI\e&l \.lSi"'9 iT) a s to llov.:>~ :
    Q-{p8
    ITCode
    mdot = AV11 v1
    p1 = 100 /I kPa
    v1 = v_TP('Air",T1,p1)
    T1 = 300 11K
    Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - h4) - (h2 - ht)
    p21 p1 = rp
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2»
    rp = 8
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)
    p3 = p2
    T3=140011K
    p4 = p1
    =
    AV1 5 II m3/s
    IT Results for rQ = 8
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    h2 = 544.1 kJ/kg
    52 = 5_TP("Air", T2, p2)
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    52 = 51
    h4 = 859.9 kJ/kg
    h2 = n,T("Air", T2)
    til = 5.807 kg/s
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3) W = 2382 kW
    net
    54 = 5_TP("Air", T4, p4) bwr = 0.373
    54 = 53
    11 = 0.4228
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)

    PL07S:
    0.6 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 3000 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.5 2500

    0.4 bwr 2000


    ~
    "li) 1500
    c
    'S
    0.2 1000

    0.1 500

    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

    T~ +kll 5\V-c.v'\ V"4V\,e t>f CO~rr"~'SO('" fr"es~uv.e. vo..+io~) ~e. ~e.t roweY' I~cre~ses
    WLt-k ('~ ,G.,5 cAoes +'~ ~e,rM(;4..l eff.,ic.;e,,,,CCj' ~t.-t, ~e bA.Ck..wOY~ ratlo also I~GYeA.Se.S
    wi~ rf .
    1 I I
    S T,:' Sz.o°ct--- -:--~
    ASSVMPTLo",S: See EXt:l~ple " Y QOOI

    AlVA-lySIS " Fi"'STJ ~tx eac.Lt of +t.u. pri"itp~( s""aies ( re:t~k It - 22.E) .
    .s+A.'\e. \ T, =- 52-COR. ~ hi =-12.'40.2-1 et«/lb , A-.:. 1.1.ltl7
    5tQ.te 2. For #.sL ·lse."",hq>i, ~~ssi O'k. J prz = (p,.!P,) Pr. -=. Il.OOS'~
    -rh..u.sJ lz.: COq~.5' DR. (l~ ~). ':. ;tc"t(. rz, eke-lib
    sta..te. 3 T 3 : ~ooo OR ==t> h 3 ~ leta, fog a~JlIo ~ Prs::: q 4 L to{
    ~ for fl..,Q. i.stANhpi.c. e~pa.Ksl~ oJ Pry~(PYJ P3) Pr3 =-CD1.'2t.{
    -rkusJ T'I-= 1513 D~ a....J. /lay = 388.CD3 6h,c./lb
    ('0 -rke. ~'('~( Cl#iG'le~Cocj is
    \1\.;= l - Ge\A.tl M ::. ,_ (\-t't - \1 ,)
    G \lAl ""'- (~3-k'l.)
    :: 1- ("~W.II> - l'2..c.(.~"1) -=-0. 4q~ (4() 0 0/ \ Vt.
    ll'lO,<.CiS -~(,l.(.l't.) .,.~ t~) =4

    (6) To c1.el-e.\I'MllJ\~ #1e. "Y\'1tU;S flow ~ of a.ir) s-ktr+ Wl+~ +/.4..e. ra-te of
    ~ eM. t cutd c'f lO,,\
    ==I>
    "'cycle

    s
    A2~uMPnoNs ~ See. El(d""1>}e ".4
    AlsD) ~ss un'\Q.., ~I'lst .. l'\-c
    Sf><L(.l~\c.. tlec.ct-5 eVCllu..tlt~ Cl.~ 5 'Z.Oo~.

    A-NA-l-'1S\S: h-o~ T~Io(e A-JOE) k,= I.Yol ~ ep= 0.2."'10 0f.u./lb"o~"


    -r. ~5Z0DR" ~ T3:: 2.BOOo~ cU·~ ~tve",,, For ~ ise""fropi.e:
    e0""1lr~SSl~ ,YOc.eCios <Jck;1)

    1"'). 0:. (P&.)


    r, ~, ~ l\O~.~ DR..
    A-1~oJ ~ #.4. i.se~lc. e-lCpaM~iO'};L
    p (kj')
    T¥ ::. (~ I:. T3 :. ll.( oq,5 DR
    @.) -rk.L ~~ ekft."c. ;.eM"'} is
    \1.. ":: I -
    (Pz.1 V, )
    l c.1c.-O/
    k.
    :. 0.5"30 (S'1,O %) ....1 ------------
    (b ) To &et.er~\V\e. +£.\cz. W\4~'S tlow r~t« of Q.·,r I S+~rt wi~ ~e mf~ ef
    ltl ~G\.t C\O.l:4T lOr\ "
    &;'" ( 3.<.( y: /0 if 81«/ '" )
    "
    W\=----
    cp(Ti-r-z,)
    -:--------------
    (O,,:2.t/O Bkt/lb"DIe)(30oo-lLOC,,9)DR

    =1,'{K~ 'l(
    Vh
    10" '''I '" EAI9t-----------....;.-..
    "

    cc \ The 1I\4t power rc


    w~de. :. ~ [C,-,:\-L.."()- (L,1.-!A,\1 :; ~Cr (CTl-T&f' -(Tl,-T,)]

    ":: (l,t{SnlCIO<')(O,,«o)[( ?>ooo- NOq,s) - (l{O~, 8 - S1.O)]


    = l,~03¥..(Oct 0kA/k~ W~c.le.
    TkL Y'~s.ulb of ""Us prob\eW\ c.a.~ ~~ ~~eJ. V";l~ ~e. o~
    Dls<:vss\O\.\>:
    frC>D\e~ q·4'2.. to see So~e. ~ed-s C>~ +\,..Q. ~su.~rt~ ot (.(]'l..tk"t ~pec.\.~c..
    k~~s"
    lC~oc.v"J : A ~ • cl.oJ. c:.o, ol o..,'r -s+-.t\,~OIl Br-lA.yfo"t eyc.t~ ko.s Ie "'-0 tAl..,
    """",,,,,-,,,- ca.-:\ ~;""'''_ +e"""1'crA-k.\.te.r a.. ~ &IUfe. +~ c., "'r4!.~M.tL<J
    -to -+t- ~.·"""v~ ~e i- ~o...1C p~ (,It"\4·t ~N' of A," +low. .
    fiN j) : 't>c.+-r ""'"'" '" ~ (0.) .-rz- e.e> -r-:'-' tS' 0".. b •.~e.. t.» 0 r- tc pc,. U ~
    0. "" . . ~
    vf ""-u' ?LoVJ J <'1cJ) ;-k4r-....l. ~'c..'.e.i'\.e...,. Ce) PloT- +~ -rt...Q,.,...... o-t. "ffr'c.4f?IA~
    Veff'CAS -f'£- ~i"""'v_ C,1e."e +e""7Jerll-K,.. r e.. r4~,,'I"\' fr~ l2.cro ~ 1800 ~ ,

    z. Wcycle

    s
    ASSUMPTlOt.>5: 5ee eXa..'N.f>\e '(.5,
    ANA-l.'1S\S: F','rsr J de.+ef'M i~e. -tWl \A.1I\.k.tA.OLAJ~ +eloU.pQ.rCliu~s eo.t- Py,,,, c.ipa.-t
    s~ ~ a.v...d.4, F"-0M TWL ;)c:>l.u.~ +0 6.lCCl\.u.&.(Jle <:t.S
    Ie:.. ,.4
    f; =- (~ )
    fi I,
    '2.(k-,) : (1500)
    3~Cb
    ;1.(1 .... -1) -::.
    {(D.
    1l tJ
    1

    tVher'~ )c. =t.Lf ~"" ,oCole ;'\-2D. 'For .fiJ..R. ,·S.e.Iil.f'rqlI·c.. cOl"'IH"'eSfll""'-
    k-'
    T2, ~ (~~) k T. -:. Ct, 10.8 oR.
    ~ for fu is~~ e~$l'"""
    Ttl -:. (~)kkl T3 :: fo10.84)R.
    (Q) T~ ~~..~o-c- w~ F'" u..W.:k \Ma~~ e~ WN'" fl.ov.J·l,s
    W T :. h2,-"'1 -::. CrLTz.-T 1 )
    ~ (1.005 1c;r/kg.,,)(G,-rO.8-3 C o ) "- :, ~12.~ !=.!'
    ~~
    'l~l\o..V'~ J"«<- ~ -klK1o,,,,-e
    'N.w,,-~ = Cr (T3 - T ... )
    'M
    ': (\.D05) (\'5~O - 1010.8) ::. 833,3 k.:r/~ ""iil4'---------
    ~

    til)) u....M~ E,.Cf.2.S"' -+o,~+~"",,~ P&Ip,-:Q3/TiJ u lr-q /~~ ,<.t"


    1)-:. \-
    I
    (Pa./?)o...)}IC.
    _
    -
    I _
    [(~ )~)] ~
    J. c:: I _ en13) '/2-
    0.6 ,----------===========j
    0.5 ------------------

    0.4

    !="" 0.3

    0.2 -

    0.1 -

    0-+--....,.--.....--...,..-..,.---.---.----.,....--.,....--.,--.,--.,...----1
    1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
    T3 (K)

    We. see ~+ .ft..te.I(MCtl e.aic..~eV\~ \iAc.reA~es VJ l~ \iAcre""s\~j MO\XiV\t\l.AM


    ~ cle. -!-e.M.p'eH'tUu-rll. AUo ~ V\ote. ~ ~ 't\A·L~ id ~CJ \~~ ~ y\. ls
    "11\ tA ~.eM.e-t ~ of- -}WL v (J.MAJl &t- k..

    '1-73
    ~tVOWt..) : A\'\ ,4~ co\J. Q.\''C"- 5k~",J erCM;1~ ~de '1\ Cl\-'A~ 'l.eJ..
    Fl r-JD: ~kow +V..a.:t ~ b~c.~ wor~ v-a.+(o e({ v..£,A.t~ N rct+C:O ~ <%.'osotU:\~
    +e~~(t.t~ve.~ 0.+
    ~ t.ew...p'i"e..~Of"' .\~\~+ 1A.vJ... i'U.v~)\"'e.. ou:He.t.

    5Ct-teHA-ilC. t Calve"" 1>A:TA-~ ~


    T

    2.

    s
    ANAl.'YS1S ~ ~ P'tc.l.c.. VJOi'lc. '("Q.+" e 'l-' ~\,,~ CA.S

    1o\t.,)V"-:. \,,.-,-,,, = ~(T~-T\)


    ~"3- ~~ ~(T3-\"\)

    or \ 1\ (Tz./T 1 - ( )
    ow V" ::.

    l&t ( 13/ 1 1.+ - \ )


    for N ise",,~\c.. Vfoc-ec:.ses.
    ,.,. ..{
    Tz. e, (!:!:)lZ' ~
    II \ PI

    T,
    bW\f -
    T't ...;-q~-------------------
    K.Now"l ~ AlA \c(<Zcl( oc.\.Y-5+o.~Q.rtA e'C""~tO'l'- ~de. \\41~ ctJ<.M.own cotuf~~r
    i~ toet" f.e~~V'~:\.tc.~e..
    ~u..J. ~ kr\.Ol.A)~ Vk.CAJ'.c. 1¥\.\\.lM. +-v.Kloi"'et li.\\e.t
    ~e.Y"o.+U.v.e. .
    ElNt)~ 1'101- -\-l1.4. ~ .\.UO'fk. ?« u.w..-\- ~~~ o~ a'''r ..flow ~ ~
    +iM.vW\Cl.1 e~icu~",~ VevS\.ts, c.o~t"es$or ~ressu~~ f"'~t\o. E:sh:""'~
    +W. (>'iec;.sv..¥~ '«.tTLO +m-
    'M.~ \~~\M.. \l\Lt \A,)Oyk. o.~ +tv-
    Ccn'"'ie.sfo~tll~ ~¥''MGll e{..Hc.let.\,t.y ~\J.lJ ~r'l W\~ e,
    Cosla cMN--S-\-ci:~a.r(A a.~~S\.s.
    $e~~T\c. i p \V t ~ l:>/tnA- '.

    S
    A~5VMPTlON5 ~ See EX~Wf'e. C'f.1f

    !rNA-I...'i 51 S : 5a..1I\:'\P Ieo ce<.( cui a..f-L ~.


    P.,.. / Pi :: I 2. U s I ~ 5 cta.k fro m Ta bl~ .4 ~ '2.'2.e
    +0 C~'lG eoci« of. +ita. prdM. ~ 1'0.1 s;-]a..+e s ~
    Sft,l:fe I T,=SZ.O°R, =t> 1,1= 12 4.2.7 e-fu/lb J P... ,:.I.2.I'{7
    SMe. 'Z. Fa r t~ r.se~..\-rotl\(. c.o~"'ess l~ '" Pn.: (P30 I PI) Pr, = /'1.57(,"
    ~S) 1'1. ::'10~1·5°R. 0..4 'Az.:' 252.8,# 6k.t/lb
    Sm.ote. 3 T3 =-2bOO CD~ ~ h 3 :: "74.'1'1 e,""l1~ oJ Pr3:' 5)3.5
    S±tde.&f For +k i.se"A:tTopte e/Cofa"'StOY- Pr'f : (PC1/ f -s ) Pr3:: lf2.7t1t2.
    T't::' 1311.2. »« C\."'<l lot., :. 3't2..C:Cl &tullb
    The. "e.~ WOr"- 9Co(' u,1M.t' ~.. s o~ ~Vr +\o-w t~
    W~ele (...;,.. -:. (\-oa'3-~"4) -l \l"2.,-k,):. 203.21 8~llb
    o.~ ~ N",~c.J. e.~i(.·\e\A.CM lS
    W \.~ {. • ~J •
    "" :. 'j" ~= "'ac.\~ I IN\. ~ 0
    I\, 6h",(~
    W
    (h')~ ~'Z.) .""00.20
    .A (48 "1 ,f>J)
    .,,0/0

    /4e d.a.~ fe.r ~ r~V'ui ('1 0 k are o"'fa-t'i-te.J u.s. ~j 17j as follows:
    IT Code
    s4 = s3
    T1 = 520 II oR p4 = p1
    =
    T3 2600 II oR s4 = S_hP("Air", h4, p4)
    rp = 12 Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1))
    mdot = 1 II Assume a mass flow rate of unity. eta = Wdotnet I Qdotin
    =
    p1 1 II Assume a value for pressure Qdotin = mdot * (h3 - h2)
    /I (any value would work).
    IT Results for rQ = 12
    h1 = h_T(lAir", T1)
    =
    s1 s_TP(lAir", T1, p1) h 1 = 124.3 Btu/lb
    h2 = 252.9 Btu/lb
    s2 st= h3 = 673.6 Btu/lb
    p2 = p1 * rp
    s2 = s_hP(lAir", h2, p2) h4 = 342.2 Btu/lb
    p3 p2 = W / m = 202.8 Btu/lb
    cycle
    h3 = h_T(lAir", T3)
    s3 = s_TP(lAir", T3, p3) 11 = 0.4821
    210 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    PlOTS:
    209
    208
    ~
    '3 207
    §. 206
    ·E
    ......
    205
    ~ 204
    >,
    .~o 203
    202
    201

    12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    P2! P1

    0.6

    0.5 -~
    0.4 -

    l=" 0.3 -

    0.2 -

    0.1 -

    o I I I I I I

    12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    P2! P1

    Fr-oO'\ ~ ,lois: (r~/PI)~~ ~ .;tD.fo""'ii~f__----------­


    wor~

    (X ) ~ ~ S 5.2. o/0oEloElr--- _
    W1Wk
    Us;~ +~ r4!'su.l--t of E}Co..lkf\e, o:t.S J 0\'\ 0\. cold Ct.~r... s~vJ~V'et ba.~ls J
    & pr~r.~\.\.(€ '(o..-t\.-o lS \c.
    ?~ )
    ( ~ ~
    : (
    \"
    "5) "1.( k-' ) _
    - Ib.12""'1:~t-------------
    ~f'('\:.

    (t~ ~ ce~('6f0'At1\~9 ~V\WA.\ ~~'lC. '-elA.~ is


    ,

    t-tv
    \::NOW~h AV\ \cleOll 0'("~'j+o't\ ~de.l' o.lA.(ll'j~e.& Ol'\. 0... colel 'llr-sl't1-1AJGt1ltf
    bQ.~lS. T~~ coV\A;f("e,>~oY'" i~\eT -t~~eV',,-o\t..vr~ l.s T\ ~ ~
    tuK'o\",~ \lI\.\et ~QY-~~-e. '\s T3 .
    S,,"ow +~T +~ C.O~'("i!S~OY" e.~\~ +<b\Mi'QI("~c. -\~:t Y\\.~,~i'les
    ~-(.t wor\L fer v..1M.+ MGtCioS o~ ~w- +-low 'l& ~\\I~V\. \>~
    T-z.:' (T, 'T3 ) I/.'L
    '5 Ct46MMl<:''' &\\1 Et..> 'D1Y-rA '. T

    q-77
    l<.NoWN~ The, i&eC<.l a.\r--5ta.Yl~r& S:o-~fOh ~de of 'Proble~ q.'il i~ ModifL"ed
    to 1V\C.lM.Gl.e ~ce.* +L.te.. +u.rlo\lI\e ~ Co O\rY"C~sS'o~ eo..c~ ~ve I ~eV1.h-opic.
    ef+lclencier tees +hcx\l\. 100°/0.
    F JNJ2: For e.ClclA of -tkree. e++-lc,i e\l\CCj V&tlu,e-s.) p~t (0.) fl-.eo +It\ermc..\ eftlcien~)
    (b) th.e. loC\.clc:. work. ra.fio) (e) +ke.~~t powef"deve.{oped) o.\1.e:tCcl) tke..
    (.oVV\p(e~s 0("" 0M,.G.l -fu.,yfo'""e. r»:fes of €.J'er,y dedrllc/1~ ve.V'.su~ c.oM-pressor
    pre-"u,r~ fr<,ti.()~ n:t~ 1·V.~ from 1. ft.' io .

    jC 'feMA-TlG ~ (#1 V£~ DArA : t900/o


    T n.c,: n l: 80%
    i 0% Ta=Jwook:
    p.::. look-Po..
    T; =30ok
    C+\/"") ,~ 5 m 3/ s
    2 ~ P"/pl ~ ).,0

    A-SSU~erLONS: Same a.s ,,,, EJ((M'\Itple


    q.b. iso , let To =,3001<·
    s
    AN4<.YSlS: COtl sider: -rite SAMple c.eJCl;(,(a.t-~~ fo-r p-z.-/P, ::: 8) I1t :. n: :. Boe~.
    First) -ft"><. e~cM ef +he pr,VJci.pCA.J sfa.les (Ja.b/e. .A--Z2.).
    Sfakl: p,:'J()oIc.Pa.~ T,=-300k. =t> "",300,/1 ~t~
    Sfa-te z.: From Prob. fI.4 J; £';z.~ = S'iLf.18 f<.J' I~ . us,~~ .f~ co~ressor
    ef.¥lc.le~GAj : h 2. '= hi + ("'z.s - '" )f"tc. =. has.18 /c.J'{ ~
    I

    Sfatfe 3 : 7 3 -=14 oot« =t>- V. a = ISIS. -n: k:r (~


    $-fa,/e If ~ prob. 't4.f I: l1"s:: 8{P() .4.0 k.J l"=,. LL~1 ~~ +k.e tu.ri" ne .Q",~,;",~
    £"'4 = [,,3 - ht (h3 - I, ,,s) :: 9'11.1 kJ"/'=j

    (t\.l The fheoYI4.{ efl.c.cteYlC7jic


    \1.::. 1- k,,-Lt, :: 0.24/ (.z.'i,/ok)
    h3-h~

    ChJ The het(.k.. worlc.. rari» i.r


    kw .... :: '-"'1.- ~\ :: 0.592
    h~- '(
    ee) The "l'\.u Jower aev~tc;lp.ed is
    WeYcle- = ~ [d'3-~q) - (11'2. -l-\I ) J
    "W1 ::: (A~)~ ;' :: S.80'7 k,fs
    .
    WCc;}de = J21'.lf lc: W
    @) ,he ('~te of ~ef"jd~sf!vch'()Y\ ..for ik ~f~SSO\ is
    £J)eo..,.p': To d-'cotkp :. To rh (5z.- 5, )

    :. ~ n-i [(S:-S,O)- R~ P:a/J>,]


    'frofYt Tale1le A- 2. 2 ; -5,°=/.702.03 k."J"I"'·/< 6,.""J..soz,°=2.40SQ3 JcJ"Ik,.k. t~.t
    Ed,CDMfI :. /6"." I.e. fA}

    S'1vi-t j larly, -tor fl<e .).uybl»e

    E'dJ114r1 :: ~ To [(sZ - S~)- R~~ ]


    Ta"'<A-22.; ~3°::'3.3'ZOO "lA.e!
    FrOI1't :.~/tlll?~. 1w s;
    Eel l twb -= ) 55.1 kl,LJ
    The ~ fo.r -#.e V"~e.t.we4 ?lo15t:u"f! obku·loifUli. £.c.dt~ a~ -F<>t!.cws.·, ''J
    ITCode
    mdot = AV1 I v1
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    T1 = 300 II K
    Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - M) - (h2 - h'l)
    p2 I p1 = rp
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - h2»
    rp 8= bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - M)
    p3 = p2
    Edot_c = To * mdot * (s2 - s1)
    T3 = 1400 11K
    Edot_t = To * mdot * (s4 - s3)
    p4 = p1
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s
    efCt = 0.7 IT Results for rQ= 8. TI2 = U! = 80%
    efCc= 0.7 h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    To = 300 II K h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) h4 = 990.8 kJ/kg
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1 m = 5.807 kg/s
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I efCc 11 = 0.2402
    s2 = s_hP("Air", h2, p2) bwr = 0.5828
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    IN = 1268 kW
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) cycle
    s4s = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4)
    s4s = s3
    E = 186.9 kW
    d, comp
    M = h3 - (h3 - Ms) * efCt
    E = 255.5 kW
    s4 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4) d, turb

    PLOT~: 0.6 ~-------------,

    0.5

    0.4
    ---*- isentropic efficiencies = 100%
    l=" 0.3 -+- =
    isentropic efficiencies 90 %
    ----- =
    isentropic efficiencies 80%
    -- isentropic efficiencies = 70%
    0.2

    0.1

    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    rp
    PR06~ 'fAS (~f'cl.. - p~ 3)

    1 3000 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    0.9
    2500
    0.8
    0.7 :> 2000 -
    0.6 ~
    ~

    ~
    .0
    0.5 1500
    Q)
    0.4
    ~1000 -
    0.3
    ·S
    0.2
    500
    0.1
    0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

    400 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : : - - - - - . : l 600 -

    500
    300

    ~
    400
    ~

    a.
    E
    200 -e 300
    o .3
    U
    -0
    -0- ·w 200
    ·w
    100

    o -+---,-,---.--,...-,-,...-,-,----,-,....-,-,...-,-,---,-,....-,..-;
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    rp

    --1<i- isentropic efficiencies = 100%


    -+- isentropic efficiencies = 90 %
    - isentropic efficiencies = 80%
    ------- isentropic efficiencies = 70%
    01:> se tJ' V(1..;~ " ~
    • For V\ c. ~ Y\~ <. (ODD!. 1 ~V''M.~ t..f+ic ~ (M"1 rAM1 W~I M ,e..)r..l.v,.b ',+ M~ I ~ IA.," V~
    04 c..o~{'e(SO(" 'P("e'~'\A{'(' ~cJ.lA ,,~ .
    • 11>\"" .-to! ... ~c : 1 Dol• ..J1..L ~ L'&~ ~ UKo ru r ~ 20 .. Nl>+e ~ ~ ID~ f)..)ovk
    t"Cl.\-1..O ~y~ v"M1- J . ~ ~~, c...\A 0+ ~ P~\;Ae. VOI)Ylc.. i..s "OY\~u.~ +0
    V'u.."" ~ ~V(l~<"O('".
    · 1\u. ~'(~'1 tA.e(ty\A-~ rM4S 1\A ~ ~V~~SOt" ~ {..u.<1o\~Q. C(){e ~"'1'~
    -feY "v\.: V\-t e 1o~/o \ ~S e~ft~ .

    'I-Ie
    l<.tVOWN ~ An a.~V"-~to.~Qf'd. ~().S -k.M--b\,\C ~e.lo4L M.\ e, k.\4..0W~ ~fessor
    ~~!>~\.l.Y-~ ~o..+l.O ~ 5peci~iecl 'M\V\\'M\A.W\ ~V-A ~\ "'" \4\M,.
    t-e~(A~(,.S.. ~ ~('e'\~o.,. (J,.~ -\ux\oi",e. eAC~ ~"'L
    \S-e\A.~C9(l vc, e.f+lc. \0(. ~ c:.le.s e~ 82 0/0 .
    FlND ~ D.ere'lMllI\e (d) ~ ~e,t WO'f'~ peT' \A.\\,'\.+ ""-A-S$ a~ Q.'l/1"' flow J,b)
    -tWz. ~eo..+ Y-e.j«.t~ ~ u.~-t WJD-S'i f)~ ill'" flow) ~ cc) ~
    ~~( e«:Lc.ie",c~ ~ ~lM'"Q. ~~ +0 tw. sa.w.Il
    <t..v..~\.t H-\-iE'S e.V~tUAt~c( .ftrr tA.IA., icl.t.oJ ~ de.
    SCMEMMlC t §-\ \) Et-J 'l>A,A:
    T .3
    '-3~ I\{OoK

    s 1 I I
    ASSUMPT10"'S.·. See. ~\M.{)\ez. 't.(o "T, :: 2 qO K l.'_ - - -Q'- - ~
    out

    ANAi,.."~IS ~ flr~+) f-i.}( etl.C(,.. of ~ fri~c.\P"\ ~+c.c.i~s -for ~G.d" uae\-e. t.\.$f~
    tAa.+~.fn,M TCl~I.Q. A- 1.2...
    stttie- I Tj =2. 'io K =t> h \ : ;LqO .l~ k:r l~ , Pr,:' 1.2. ~"

    ;Ha.1e. 2. F\\o-s+) de.-\e.rM\"'e, h 2 S . 'Fo("' L$eV\+ro6>'(. c.e'N.p'f'es~"o",",


    Pf''2.~::' Cf20 j pl ) P"'l =. 1L{.'''3'2... =t> t..'2.S -= Sqo.&.f..., k"j'(~
    U')\~ -\-W2. ~'f'e;.so(' e~l'''le",~') ~c. ': (hJ.~-h')/(h,_",,);
    \\'2. ': h \ + \ ~ '2.~c.~ \ ~ ~ 6 2,3. ~ I<"'/~
    SJ-a;ke!» T3 = 1400" =t> '" a : 'S IS. '+ 2. k:J lie, ) p,.. ~ ::. Lt5'0,.5'
    S+GC:\'~.Lf F\rst) d.~.:\·eV'W\\)\e. ~'4s.
    FoV" ~5e",tn:>p\(. e~p"v.siD~
    ?(''ts~(f'lI?3) Pr3 =. ?>7.5tf2 -=t> h Lt, :=:. 7hB.38 l::.:r/lc~
    U.">i~ ~ -kvrb\",~ ~~l(.i~",CIj j nt. :=. (IA ~ - "'*) / ("'3 - '" ,*$) ;
    ~ Ii ~ h") - 'h t (ltt ~- ht(s) '= 843.oe ~:r/k~

    ((A) TWL .n.e..+ wo*, ver 'll~ "to 'MClt;s et Q\r -ROW\~ is
    W~\e. :::.(h~-h~)-(hz.-"")
    ::. (, SlS.4 - 8 43. 0 1 ) - (fol 3.'i 'f - :z.t:to.(Co)
    -:: '33 ~.~¥ ~~ / ~ ~ We.t4~Q/~
    For" +~ i'c:l~\ Ctjele.
    ( W1c.lC ~ id.eAA : ( h ?> - "" 't S) - ( h~$ - ~ \)
    . Ie.3'II,...
    ':. • "'t'I7,'
    1-1111_
    -:J .;
    (itAu.\ \
    _ c:.~c.\e_
    Tbs) \'('(.e,ve.n\\o\\ ih·e.s Y'e..tl.M.ce -t\t.e. ~Q.+ won:. s i~ N' f, c..",·H d'

    1-81
    feje.c.te.J ?eru.\\\t-\YJ.c.ss ()fa~ ftow~ is
    (b) TkQ.
    .hea.+
    Q ~1" ~ \rt '{- "" \ -:. 84~ .O&, - 2.ctO.l fc, z: 552 ,n. ~,J"I~ .41------:..;;
    Ftx- ~ ~&etl' ~cle
    (Q ~t) ict flJ ::. h q 5 - ~ \ -::. \.{ 18.'2 k.:r I~ ~..,----------: ...ILJ
    1'lw..~ J \e~s neo..t '\.S 1"ejec:\·~J. tor ~ i<leA.l ~cl'!..
    (c) ,.~~ ,",~'fMQ.l e«ic. i-elA~ ~
    'V\. '::: l - h 'i - \\ \ ::. \ _ _5_'_l_,'f2..
    _ _--.
    ~ )-"'"2. 60s \ S • Y - bZ,3 . <joy-)

    ::. 0·3 t ('3 e %) ~. ~

    for ~ \ o.er.J ':\1 cle.


    Y\. ~ \ - \;l.tS- \A, ('kat
    s,c.'e,)
    \1\3- hl.S
    T\u.ts,\n"eve~s'i~·d\t\es
    e~lC\ e.1A~.
    KNOWN ~ A ~,~~ 'aos ~\",e. is ~~"t.eJ eM. ~ o..\~- ~-k~d.... ~ b'Ul.1.
    -n..a. ~·hCMs QM.~V'i"'5 ~ ~1".~"or ~ t\..L ~f'e~so-r
    ~ ~\~ e"l(,'c.~C.\~S AoV"e. k.kOW\,\. T~ c.o~o('e..~or
    ~~~c;.~lAK"~ ("~tl.O ~ ~ ~~~ ~t tk -Kw\Pi~e. \~\~T
    a.r~ f1>f.c.':~i~ ~~ wt.ll.
    F\\Jb: 1)~'.e'(W\\\!\e. (0. \~ 1I0IU"'1et--.c. flolA.l ""~ketlte...i", +~ Co """1''''''' fO~) U,,) +I'\~
    +~~t",,"+v.....es At +""-0 CO ...... "AlUOr <;t"d.. -\u..rl:ll·l1~ Q-£i+S I ~~d Cc:) +I---a-
    ~ ......,A..f e.+Hc..:~V'lC~.
    :>CHEMM\C e <ie\ VEt..) J>A-Yt:

    Wcycle

    4
    .s 1 I L-.----';;>-----'

    AsSUMpnON S', 'ee ;:XlA.rwp!€. " c.


    Pt :: J~ l~fTt~~- WC'fc.le", 5xI 0'" f:
    T, -:. S 2.0°R,

    ANAA..'I515 ~ Flfo&T.).fix eAdA ",+- ... ~ ,.,,·II\C.;PA( s-h:l.ws (TQ,"I~ A- 22E).


    s-t-e:tie I T, c 5Z0 OR. ~ h, = 12."1.1.' e~/l") ~r. A 1.2.l't~
    S+tt!e 2. For CI.tf\ ise."".fTopic. c.o,...,{"t'S$ io"," : r~.s .... (p'lal P, ) p.., = 11.00"
    ntus", h.,.s ::.2,(P'f./2 81«/11:>. U~;""~ 11.A.~~sot"'e.#L·C.'e.MC1l,
    \1. c ::' h~s - k, ~ \1'1. = h,... \i,'u- ~, =2.12.1(0 6w.t'b /
    h'30 - ~ \ "Ii == 12.()fI> oR.. ,,~ Iz...
    $4;\( '3 T3 = 2 sooDR ~ h'3 c (, 1.15.'78 eke-lib J P1"'3:: &135.'7
    st4:te. If Fo r: 0-1'1 i.s e",~ptc. expeu,,-, (0"'-" Pr-I#$ • (P'I I P5 ) PrJ :. 3/.12.1
    1'fw.)) h. s ': 3(3.3(, J3+u.1 ,i,. £.( si ""9 +£&.12. UA.rlUMc. eUi'c.;e&;J ~ J

    n \-\,3- h'f h \ \
    -1:-:. 11
    3-h
    =t> L" .. : ,-\'\.-t:{t\3-l-\'u)"3S'.5i6t\Lllb,
    • • .cts T4 ::. 145'2..°/2- -.4 T+
    . 1l\.Q. -filg."'W\A\ e«lc.lt~\I\~ \.$

    ~"t -~\ '3~.S'1-\2."t,1.;


    \t.,.. l - "' .. -""to = (- ("IfS.1 6 _ 2.'l'2. .-Z'" ::. 0.3'1 Z. (~lf. 2. ~o ).. ~
    A 5\W\p\-e. ~A.S ~.. ~\,,~ is Q.-'~C;1't.d. on e, co\~ t1iM'"-sta.",-J.",.,J bA.'l$.
    1'\\4. (.Ow".."t\o"-S e",,-\eV'\~~ ~ ~.h,e. o..wl ..1M -kM"D\1'C. --l. ~tf1sso(,
    e{l4(c.ie.!I\(!,\es a.('..e. k.r\.OW\f\. 1Wt C0""ff'e",sot" f*S5U.R. yn:no o.~
    tiut 1e""'1>~c. OL+ ~ +uK\'\k<L i",,\e."t o.V'-e. spe.dHe-< ~s "",e Lt.
    f=//lJD: "De\-Q ............. t c.... ) ~N 1.10 l" e+>-'·c -f-{UIP rAfe ~1'1~E'n'l't' +/.-0...( COlNo-~ssorJ CI:1)-fN..
    +e """Y'-tr"",,-(t>s Q.t -#te. c..o ~ .. .ror- ~d +tA,,..I;1' he ~I fT J 4rlcl (c) ~ ~YWl~ eft1",'{l""">, '

    S
    dSSU~PTlOt.J~ ~ S(l~e. o.S &W\ Ext).\M.pJez. Cl.b.
    Also) tt..SSVMe.. CCflst-_n't
    srec.ific. htcqs e"4./u.A:td. 4'C 5'ZO°R".
    •
    A#At-ySlS: fro"", T~"'c.A-20£, k. ... J.J+OI, Cop: 0.2.'10 f'~/llo.·~. r;-SZo-R &..S
    ~ i've-til CUA.A. T~ ':L 2soo 0 R i.s "\-"~,,,, •
    J~ie. 2.ForA.1I\ ise",+reptc.~reo;siCJ"'o\." Tas=(Pa./P,)";J(T '=-1I0h.8°R,
    U.s 1'' '-3 fu. ~res~o... e.ffic.;e.~CAj) I
    \'\.c.:' hz.$-h, ... Cf('Tz,$-T.) =t> T ::. T + Tu--r, :. 122.7.D oR , ...
    h2.-~' Cp<.T",-T,) 2.' ltc. ....
    -of'---_

    ~ u:
    .FTIA!e..
    Po r (l'" .1.s'iWVH~PLC:.
    _....1..- • e.x.P((,kSt~.1
    • {Pc / ~-I 01'.>
    T".s ~\~ Ps)"'1L T, -1174.(, "
    U.Sl~"*""'- -kM"'\)'""e." e.f.+\c.ie",,~ )
    _ h 3 - h\( _ Cp(Ta-T'()
    1\r- h'3- h'(s - Cp (7 Tlfs) ~ Tif 5-
    :. T~- vt.r (T)-T'ts\ : 1311fl.'l o~ 4-- T~
    T~e. +~er~l eUi(,i~~ ~
    ,,-=-\- \-\'t- k , :.l- T't-TI ::. O.3SQ* (3S.0Cf ofoL..
    '\" h ~- \l "L T) - T z. . .;11----------
    .....
    ale.. ~et fower ~"el0fe! lS
    W~ele:' ~ l(~~- h't)-(kz.-~,)1:)V\ <i>tCT:s--r",) -CT,.-i,)l
    :: ~ l~~'t~° '\J( +4b./ oR)l!..J
    Ill' I?.

    wk~te..

    m '= (AV"), P,
    ~T,
    A Sl'''''' pIe j~S is elll\ .. I't"2.e~ 0"1 an ta,r-S~t'\dA.rcl
    -t4\.,..biltt
    bat,S f-oQ.-. eX4r-~ \!I'~w/PC"i'1t. "D¢...,~ art: t::.~w", a.+
    A""\
    VIA,; OIAS loca-h 'OI'1S . U0 ,
    (A) D~"eloro.. f-I ( ~er'"h ~cC#Ju"h''''''J 0f+h~ ",,~-t 4:.~
    Il'\Crea'~ a.f ikJl a.ir P~SSi~ -+k.nIlA<f: TN ja s ~rl?;lI1C- 00
    ~W\.""vdv(') CJ,) deviS'~ I:l\.nd ~v4l v#&l( 4V'l ~4rj'C""c..
    QffiG4·qn.t~ fo
    r tN.. CJca #-tArb.t'U (''1c.l~.

    5CHSMA-nc. 8 GtVcSN DMA:

    I
    P-r./q <ro j - - - f)=qs-okP...
    I /,=- J"t ook;
    Heat exchanger 3 Turbine
    1- _

    s r,~ \c>okP4, r: ~ JOO /c.P",,-


    \\:. ;00 K •
    (Av-l\:: S.",.1/s
    ItS5UMPn()rJS~ (I) EC4.cl1 ~MI'O.,eV1t;o5 a.naltj'Z.ed a..s CA COYlfrol voLu.tt\e Gl;t
    .ste~d.':1 r.ft:t-le. (2) -rille COMpf'eSSCr a,Y].J f-u,rlo,;" e. tV~ a.dfC4.1o Q.fi<:. .(3) !<I~e.ft.c..
    o.tttl. (fol-eVlti~1 e~erYJCj effecfs 'l~ Y1~9li<jiJ:,Ie.. (4) The WOr"k:.,~~ -tLc.,uc( i.s air
    Wlod.efed ~s GlV'\ I"c.le.(,(.( flClS. (5) I-ef- To =-3c90/< a.~d..fo::' IDO kPa..

    t},N4i'lSlS: 'DaJa. are. obta.J"'eof -for ea.cM. fJril1c... pcd ~-kk. from Ta.hle 4- 2Z:
    state T (Ie' p(f,Pc. \ l-\ (k.;r{ k~ ) ~O(kJ"lk~'K)
    \ 300 J oe 300./'1 1.70203
    2- (,2/.1 J t.9()o ~ 2.~. 2.1 2.Lf4S'3Cj
    3 J4t!)O qso 15/5.'+'2.. 3.3"2.C>O
    e.t B13.<:t lOo Q03:12 z.~BISSB

    The I Y, c.reas:e ill) .f low e ')(ef'~.:::t of. 4--he. ClLr P~SSI v.q +~t"OlAJ3 k +kt.l-tec.tt
    el<"dM. t'\~e r is +ctkeV\ as t ke. lI\ ~+- \V\ Pwt- e+ e. ~ e r~ 'a To -f{A.o j a..s:
    -tu yo l~)l it\e .
    Input: ~(ef?>-ef'1,..)· ~ [(h 3 - J,, 3o ) - To (s;-s~- F:.!b11 P:a{p2,)]
    EV~((.Ul.t,·n9 ~:
    \A'A ':
    rr o
    CAv-),
    1<T,
    P, ':
    (5 t11~/s) (lookPC\,
    (B.~I~ kJ )( 300 k)
    to foJIM"l..11
    'k..p~,
    I 3
    I k.:r
    JO) N·~
    -
    I :: S B(), l.-AI
    .
    "-'J S

    ).8.ct, "1.L<
    rJ.w.s
    ni\ (e:f~_e..f1-) :::(5.901 "":) [,,5tS.Lt2.- ~2CJ,Z.I) teJ'/~

    - (3c>O k)( 3 .3b1.Do - 2.~'1S3q - 8..31'1 9M ~ ).l~~_] I' l k.w


    2-8.91 16)(!)o Ic.f·K 1 LJ/s
    I
    <f-85
    C:~eq~. ~ is de.Jrroljed ~e to il7"tvevs't!o i I t:rie~ iJl\ fLee.. (0 M/f t1:'.sS~"
    ~. .jurbll-1e. Tluts) ~V\d- Ed=- (; (J) W~ ~e-f
    I>~l-ry.c,h';Y\s:
    fJ)cOlt\p 1: To ~ (Sz.-S,): To~ (Cs:- S,D) -R~PZ.{'p,J = J'IB.BkvJ

    Ed) -\-"''' b =- To }'\" [ (~- 53° ) - «.f},v.. PY/P3 ] =- 173," k LV


    1i<~ M- t po w-e"r &.-e. V e.l ~.ec{ ~ <:1 fu ~ ,€
    fl'"t" S e '-\ts .f~ (~t,I:t f t.Vt f-
    e v:e r~ frOM ~ err + ' 0

    W~ =- ~ (~ OS - ~4 ) - Ck ~- l, ,) L J
    = '" 111 .. 5 Ie. w (0 fA.f" wi")
    F'~Al~) thJz.
    o..we\l\kvs +k.R..1M ~~\~e. ~+ Ptl ((."'-<1. To. T~, +~
    e-IM,~ LM.f.~ e~e r~ if ~ lL~ l-e t +0 elci t t"'.ep('epJt.Q.uc"u\s +Luz-
    lees ~ it> ~ k.ot ~i:N- Io.e.u~~ tM,s ~~ , ~
    Loss: ~(ef~-efl)::' vh ((~'i-"',)-To (S~-SJo-f?9tA,0~)J
    = /5loLf, ~ k.W

    S(A,tv\. vY\Cl ri 'Z, l ~

    • J \J\:Pw\" ~ "3 S Z\i bw


    ~ 1;> I'S r-os.'' ' DV\ \

    - Net Power:I" &11. 5 kw (ii'," %)


    -1>(~tro~d" 3 (i . Lf ( 'I Ofo)
    - Lo4i> S : is (,'{ . 8 (44.4%)
    3523.1 k.W
    s .... e..t. +<---- DIoJH"'VE. 01- ~ "jAS ~rh,~ L-O 1v r--cL..,CJL f'DIJV~~
    0.V\ V(.-r~'t.. ~'Jev\('J .R4r--SSftd /l.4 ~ ~~'o 1~ c:!~"r"ec::L
    ou..6rv...-b (vv..k ~OWM) +0 ~ ~~ """l'c.o..:t- lA J h <1 lr\rrecJi'~1 f1-t-
    S'v~ ... ~>

    t. COr\s;c! .......b\~ ~-e,..y-Qa t.O ~,...,...,·ed O&.J" b~ -tt- Q.lt'" d..t s,-t....vyd ~ 4.
    1"'IA-'s """",,' J h..+ ~ W)( r-t-o i 'I-e d b.J ~ 1"\.1> joe ~ -. +; V 4!... o-p ~ ... e' -
    ~se..v~s~d .....,:: s...c. 'f~ ov- l?'q~""'" 1 e-: ~'_rl C'7c.A.....f 6-0
    ciA S e..v ~ l:A d......: ~C'. 'I. 10.
    P~oBLEM 9· 5"3
    ~~owN·. A. si"""ple '~.I +C4rloil\t is ..t1.AI'11ed O~ 4"'-. 4I'r-~~I'\d.A",Q b 4 st',s ~Oe­
    Gt~ ~.er~ Vl'e"""fo,,,,,,t, ~+ (Vee .... l::.""C)Io.'.W\ A.;'" VA.r,'Qv..s;, loc4IC.fr·oI'\S.

    F IIvO: ("") 1)e ve l op 0.. f,.tl{ E.1Ce"ra


    a.CC~v""-h'I'\' of +~ J1.~+- v,<."rN i"'Cfe4S'-e..
    Of -1'- c:ll'~ p",SNt"j +~~S~ ~ .,.U -ft..c,..b""~ co,"", Iw.s+or ) (b) dpv,se ll""d,
    E'v&«vA1~ AI-'\. ~~rjc.f\·(. eff,'cicer\ t 1 -fr;r -t~ ~ -j-c.t,.l:Jlrt~ cycle.
    :5C!:tE&\-llc. ~\\ISN T>!tTA '.
    .e PI. = P,3 ':. 87 '\'.fU",z. 5; Qin
    A:s~VMeTlotVS ~ (') e().C~ CO~O¥\80C4-r Tz.::' 'i1"1°R, ---~ 73: .2000·1< r---
    l.$ ~\I\A\.~"toe~ (U ClI. ~ol VO"""""4! cet Heat exchanger
    ste~ ,-b.-\e, (~) ~ c.olV.f("'~$~Or :-:;;-,
    ~ tu.v~\\4.e. o..Y'~ ~~a.IoCl.+\.c..~)k'~f.""'(' I Compressorlt=========~ =={>
    ~~ ~~l e~~~ e«-ea-tA.f'e V\~li - : ~ Wcycle
    ~\\l\e. (,"\) 1tu.. WOY\c.~\I\~ ~~ Is o..\r I T\: S'tooR
    ~e,).~\~ o..S ~'" \d..e.cr..\ ~M ,\S} \..(..t PI" l~. S '''fU",,'' • &.
    To :. S '" O°f. ') Yo -= \4.~ \'of-£ ''''~ Pit ::. ICf.S ,(,t-/&M.

    ANA-l.'(S\S ~ 'i>o..-m. ,,"yo'!. ob+o..\M~ t\;t f.O.C~ ~ra", (.\P""\ s ...~ fro1\o\. 'T~\'le It- 22e:
    ,. (o~' \.,~,,~) h(6~l\b'
    ,
    ~\ct.+e.
    S&.lO
    p (
    ,~.5 12.Cl.Oc
    SO (8iu/llo. It,\
    l).(gOo'" 8
    0

    7- q1l1- 81 1.3'MS3 0.1 'i ~ 81


    3 2.C!>eo 81 So'i.11 O.,,~%OS
    't 13 ,., l"i.5 ~3b.'\ 1 o, 6~( ,q
    T'n42. \.W\.~~ e+ a){e v: e "<Y' --\-0 1'\t..Il. ~o.~ ~O\ke. i s ~~ ~ '!o
    \V\c.~~o..se. ~ «.ow
    e'lCQ.t"'3 'a- 9~ ~ WO-rt.c:~ ~ f~U\"'j ~+
    & ~* (,~c,""Q.~V"'
    o
    'I'neu.'t- : (e fl- e. S-~:: (h ~ - ~ to') - To~ S~ - R. ~Pl.J S: )-
    ;: 14>8." ~/ IbOlll!!!l"'~ _
    E)(,er~/" \$ d.e&-n-.\f~ ~ -\0 \rr..,,~wiUo\ lities ,IA iWt. ~('~SfO(," o.M.J.
    ~'c> \~ 'rl.u,.v., I w, 'tt... Ed -:. 70 Ci"
    1)e~~c+ioV\~ ~ (~/~)""'p = To L(S~-'~) -Jt~I\J;-,l :. 10.' I.t 8k\/lb ....4~ _

    (tcl/,.;h..,.b -::. To l(S~- S;) - p..2cA. PlttrJ :: \1..\'3 5k\1 t(".~.,....-_


    'Eo"''' t''t1 ~ c.A"'''' jed 0 "'* 'Vi A. +<....c. ~ eo + l.»" r: Ie. :

    EY-e r 9'1 G\Jr.o ~ C-A,..' ,'t>d o~ (.U 4 f1..... ~ S treA~ ~ if,' ""j ....". 4. T~
    lNL+ ~.a..y~ ~~f"':' -t-kt..., o
    ef~ - e.f 1;: ( £t\1 _ L, I ) - co ( ( S+ - S~) - R ~ /1>, )
    :: S '3. II. aIn../I;, ...
    ..4--
    Sv WI.-~"i :
    • ':t ""r~
    • 1),s"~I'h'M:
    _...a.t ..oo/' k:. '-t.ll A~llb
    _ oos 1v''3. d £,.3'0 r Bfou.J /b
    CD _ los s il.l\. 'ah..t/.
    I" j'. '- -aht./IJIJ
    I, COl'\s:d-,.o.lo\4t ~)C4'''l'1 ~ '-'''1'','" c:l u""",,, be.;, ~ ~Ir ~'lC k&'1"'" c.' <1-. 'jk4.f ~ \.\.;if'
    Q...t
    ~ GAtploited ~O ~ A.Pj~t\.Q.fA.f\~ O-P(lA-4"£"'r.... c:L..·Sl.V~S"d ~ ;,oc. '1'T o~ b t 1
    rwu,lI\t "-t A CoWlo""'fc4 C'jcle.. as c:k·.re.e..,,~r~o "'" ~c,'1.{O,
    q-87
    PRO(j~M ".5'1-

    KNOWN: A r~ell\eV"t4to(" 0+ k.~o(.(J)\ ef!fee*\'"e&lte~s i.s IWOr"'pOY"'C1t~e{ l~-h +1A.e..


    c.<jc(.e of Problem Cl. &is.
    ~: For-to..cl!l of fttY'ee U)Mr~St)r o.V\.Cl -I-u-rb\He eH-UlelllCtj vulu.esj plot
    the f~€.rMAf efflcleVlCtj J (hj the ba.ck work. rtl flo) (c) the ~et
    ((1)
    a
    poWer a-eve.lof(UI. J a.~c.( (c:() t h..c. !"Are of e4.e·r ~ des1Yvcf"oVl lA;\ -+k~
    fe~-eI'\E'f'o..toY".
    ~CH€MAnc. 8 '\VE~ DATA: .
    r;::------~

    I Regenerator I
    ~Hh r-++----.,

    T I = 300 K
    PI = 100 kPa

    S (AV"lj:: 5 Y\13/S
    ASsuMpnoNs: Sa me as in Exo.~/4!.
    tt. 7 J except: Yl,'" 11~ <. Jooo/o . .A-Is(» leI- To <sook:
    /tN.4L.'l$1S: CO Vlsider the.. So. me so--Y"pJe co..lc.ultthoY' CAse a-s ,'", Prohlem 1.48·
    ihaf is) >1~ : ~t :: 800/0 C\-XGL r-tr, ::: 8. ,he. n,u~ bered sf-afes Qre u-V1dtCtKljecl:
    h L -::. ~ 00.1 q k.:r ( ~
    ~1.. = cos .ie k..J"' rc..,
    ~~ :. t515,42 \c.J(~
    ~~ -; qtj 1.4 kr11c.s
    1~e. speci.f~c. e\l\+~c..lp~ k~ 'lS fot,\.~ ~\-Ii\j +~ re.j~",eV"C\.tD(' e-Hec.+w~~ess
    h x - l11. h
    vt(~: k"t-l-t'1.. :::i> ~x:: V\.rer,C y-h'2.) +~2.::: tlIl/.I" k.J"/kj

    Fo r f'l.-te Y~e.~erator: 0 = (h)( -l.tz.) .,.. ( h ~ - J., 'I). -rkw


    ltt~,= itt" - (h)c-~lo) :. "SlA2lcJ"lk~
    (o..) Th~ +hevV\l\Ctl e+f{c.i-e",,~ is
    Vl = 1- h\1-~' :. O.~(,4 (3b.~0/o)
    h'l- )C

    (b) Cc) A~ +ke Ylu.tv\b~,..ecA. s-ltl"ies 6...re lk\l\cLv;..~tj~c(,) +l1.e. b~vk.. worlr:.. ratl"D ~
    tl.-te power'" J..-eve\"p'e& o.,r-e. +~ s~~e. . t:ts ik Proble,V\14/-f6· 1Vtu.~) reter +0
    f~e p\ok \L.-\ ?rob\eM ~·J.{8 tor-- 6wr C\.~ W~c-\~ .
    (0\, fOr fL.te reJeVleycJ.o'(") 11- ~ 1 ~~ ~tyvc.h&\A. ~
    Ed.::' To <T(~ : . To m [( ~')(- 52-) t' (S~ - S~)1
    .- 0 _ ~o

    ::. To M L( S;- t;.; )- ().. 0/p7.. +( -;- S;> -R jJ<A r~/t'~ J


    I ~+-e-V'pc)lol:h~5 i\.4. Tah\e A-2.1.; 5;: 2.82748 JeTIlc."j'I< 0lMd S'j°,: 2·5277'. Ft'OtvI
    Pf'olole V)I\ 'Li 6• jS z0 ~ 2 .40 S~ 3 ~ s:. =2·.9 II (,f. • TkuS, I.o;.u< ~ ~ S.Bo, k.../
    -~
    s
    t:~1 =(, S.".,. Ie.'vJ
    "'I r~
    T~e. c;(,~ ~ +tu. V'~u.wg,J plots ~re &bk.u.~~ tASl"'j rr, Ct.S ~ lLow~ ~
    IT Code sx = s_hP("Air", hx.pz)
    hy = h4 - (hx - h2)
    p1 = 100 IlkPa
    sy = s_hP("Air", hy, p1)
    T1 = 300 11K
    p21 p1 = rp
    mdot = AV11 v1
    =
    rp 8
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    =
    p3 p2
    Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - h4) - (h2 - h1»
    T3 = 1400 II K
    eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * (h3 - hx»
    =
    p4 p1
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I (h3 - h4)
    AV1 = 5 II m 3/s
    Edot_reg = To * mdot * «sx - s2) + (sy - s4»
    efCt = 0.8
    efCc = 0.8
    eft_reg 0.8= IT Results for rQ = 8, Ug = u! = 0.8
    =
    To 300 /I K
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    szs = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) h3 = 514 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1 h4 = 990.8 kJ/kg
    =
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I eft_c h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    s2 = s_hP("Air", h2, p2) h, = 913.6 kJ/kg
    h, = 682.2 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) YJ = 0.3636
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) bwr = 0.5828
    =
    s4s s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    W = 1268 kW
    s4s = s3 cycle
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eft_t E = 65.37 kW
    s4 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4)
    d, reg
    hx = eft_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2

    'PLoTS :
    0.7 500 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.6 YJc = YJt = 100%


    400
    0.5

    0.4 ~ 300
    C OJ
    Q)
    0.3 ..., 200
    "C
    ·w
    0.2 YJc =YJt =70% YJc = YJt = 100%
    100 YJc = YJt < 100%
    0.1 (values overlap)

    0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    KNOWN: A r-l!'jen-era.for IS 1i1C{)rpor~ed 11-11-0 -+l-te ~cle o? Problem t:I·ff.
    E..llHl: Plot (6.) t~e. he4..t v..d.cLi-hoY\ ~ u.ni+ mu~s8f o.w- flawly.j CXM-d.
    (b) +l-t~ tl-te rmp--( (.ff.ic,'e,Y1clj, efAClA. vers£,LS ~eYle('a'h:Jr- ePf-ec.five.ness
    va.r~(J1g.fh:>m 0 to J.
    y •
    ------
    5Ctt£MATI, 6 G-lveN DA-TA:

    , fi n;. w::==t>
    .... -- _I '" _

    145SVMPil ON S:
    .s
    See E><afll1'{J ie: q. 7.
    Compressor
    -r;:: ~CiO I<
    1~c..-.' -
    Turbine
    I
    n~::. .,
    cycle

    num be ...~d sta.fes qre -rk€. saMe A.t ik P",bkt\lt '1:'1 '1. 1ku.s
    1rlVA=/.,vSl$'. Thfl
    t-t. ::: )"~O,(b (c.~/J:.~ ~2.= "'23.~4 ) h)= tS IS.«.i 2 , h'f:: 84.3.08
    J

    Co~.sider +he s~mrl.c O'?e. ef .11~::ole. i~e '5pec..iFic. el;\+hAlp'j h,.. is fotJ.,'kl..
    (,(Jlf,\q the YeJj~",e,ra.to1 ~e.c+W~es:s j

    :.
    ~(~ tl(:_~~'L =I> h)(:: n..r"-(.~(~\i-""~) +~1- ::: ''Itl· Z '3 Ic.:rH:j
    froM ~V\ eV\e.\"~'j lDo14Mc.e O""V\ +~ Y~~.eV\eKa.~

    h~ ::: 0/\ 1.- ~lC) + ~"t ::. (P191 ,t,'\ k.:r/"-j


    (A) 1i1e h~.~ ~cA.etlt L;m ye-r u.~t ~<i.S ~~ tt.·vr flo-wL~5 I~
    G\·""/~:. h~-h)( :.'1l&.2 kJ'/~
    (6) -r~e fl..levM&t\ e-C+lc.i.eV\Oj is.
    ~'j -lA,
    ~;::: \ - h _h :. 0.41:3 (41,"3 Plo:»
    :\ )(

    Tk~ cA~+~ toY' fu y~u.\,y-e4 r\ots a.V'~ olo+o-l",~el uSliAj IT J ec S to (lows '.
    IT Code s2s = s1
    T1 = 290 II K h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    h3 h_T(nAirn, T3)
    =
    p2 I p1 = 12
    s3 s_TP(nAirn, T3, p3)
    =
    p1 = 100 II Assume p1 100 kPa = s4s s_hp(nAirn,h4s,p4)
    =
    II (actual value doesn't matter) s4s = s3
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 1400 II K h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t
    =
    p4 p1 hx = eta_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2
    =
    eta_c 0.9 hy = (h2 - hx) + h4
    eta_t =0.9
    Qdot I mdot = (h3 - hx)
    eta_reg = 0.8
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow
    rate.
    h1 h_T(nAirn, T1)
    = eta = 1 - (hy - h1) I Qdot
    s1 = s_TP(nAirn, T1, p1)
    s2s s_hp(nAir n,h2s,p2)
    =
    IT Results for Urgg =0.8
    h1 = 290 kJ/kg
    h2 = 623.7 kJ/kg
    h2s = 590.3 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 842.4 kJ/kg
    h4s = 767.8 kJ/kg
    =
    h, 798.7 kJ/kg
    h, = 667.4 kJ/kg
    II = 0.4725
    Q. / rn = 715.5 kJ/kg
    In

    900 0.6 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    800
    0.5
    700
    Oi 600 0.4
    .::t:.
    ........
    ~
    ~ 500
    ~ 0.3
    ·E 400
    ........
    c:
    ·0'- 300 0.2
    200
    0.1
    100
    0
    a 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
    llreg llreg

    Tke. V\~~ ~~ l'lAP",-*, c(<.c..r~4ses ~S 1.1("~-+ I. AceoyGl1",'j~) ~ ~~


    e«--Ic.~w~ lll\tf.(."':5es 0..$ V\r~~I)a.S e~recfeJ.,
    kNOWN: A r~,elllernfc,r is iV\corporo.,.teJ i"'f-o ~e. c.ljc/e f;J+- ProbleM q. 50.
    flNQ: Plor (~) "'' 'e.
    +herm41 efftctt:-nc!j c",,\..d: (1,) the. per.uld dec~e. ~
    J1eo.:t AAcUf-,oVl 1 etA.C~ v~V"Su.s r€.~eneV'aJo .... eUecA-lve~.ss mn~inj
    from 0 tt> I.
    SC/JEMMl C. J "VEA) 1)4.TA : f-----~
    YI Regenerator ,
    r l I - - - -......
    T

    ,
    l\c.a.~:;
    \J;, ),:, f
    ....,
    :-<>
    .s ~:I'f
    I
    l2r
    ,~'1; 1 • Turbine - ~
    "--t'" . 81
    ~5SUMenONS: see E)(~1'l"ple. Q,1 T,: 52.0~ We", LIe. :: 5 "-10' o4/~
    ttN4VJ~IS: COJ1$LG-(er +he samp/< t:A.£e of '1.r~ cO.78. The. n (A.J'1I\b~reGt .s-fa:/es
    t\t"'e. fhe SClrn€ t:£5 i", Y+obktn q.sO. 'ttcus
    ~,:: /24/.27 I31«Ilb J £'2. -:. zszn«, "'if::
    (,Vs'7BJ hlj = 35fo.57
    The sp€cific. eyt+~(p':1 h)c is tou.~ u"i.t9 +tte. re.ljener-cd·c , e.f.(:ecJlvevwess j
    . ~ = hx- h2, ,_ _
    r~~ h "l- l.1'L ~ Yl'\( - ~r.e.~ Ch'f- ~'L.) i- Lt'L. - 3«/2. 53 .8~/lb
    From an eke~C1 bl4{CVKCC. tm the. ~.elller4fc>"'"
    h'j '= Ck-z.- ~lC) +- £'4- ':: 3lJ6.8 8kttll,
    (D.) The ·HteYWlt.d eU(~le)l\~ i..s
    tA - 1ttJ\-l." _ 01
    rL- 1- ~ h -O.~'18 ('3<i~8/o1
    3- )(
    (b) The perce Jot-t decrease i V\ ~tlo...t ~J.etl·t "011\ j~
    1Dc(ec.~S"e = (l-t)-~"'-23:~~\3-~lC) XlOO = I,-/.I'io
    Th~ ~ ~(" +h-e rt'6 u.~~~ plo+.s G\fe. olo~llAeJ us I~3 l TJ ,a .faLlo w S" :

    IT Code
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    p1 = 14 Illbf/in?
    T1 = 520 II OR
    s2s s1=
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c
    p2 I p1 = 14
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    =
    p3 p2
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3)
    T3 = 2500 II OR
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    p4 = p1
    s4s = s3
    eta_c = 0.83
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t
    eta_t = 0.87
    hx = eta_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2
    =
    eta_reg 0.78
    hy = h2 - hx + h4
    eta = 1 - (hy - h1) I (h3 - hx)
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    pct = «(h3 - h2) - (h3 - hx) I (h3 - h2» * 100
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    IT Results forUI!ill = 0.78
    h 1== 124.3 Btu/lb
    =
    h2 292.8 Btu/lb
    h2s = 264.2 Btu/lb
    h3 = 644.9 Btu/lb
    h4 = 356.2 Btu/lb
    h4s = 313 Btu/lb
    =
    n, 342.2 Btu/lb
    =
    hy 306.7 Btu/lb
    % difference = 14.04
    11 = 0.3975

    0.5 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.4

    0.3

    0.2

    0.1

    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1


    11 reg

    20 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    15
    Q)
    c
    c:
    ...
    Q)
    10
    ~
    "0
    0~

    O--t"--,.--,;----,---,.--,-..,---,---,-..,-~
    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
    11 reg
    ~OBLEK 'l.S":!

    kNcc.otoJ 1 A-Y' ide.a.l r~eMwa.-l--~"c.. ~ w'o~\"e.. "is ~~ "Let! ~ e, c.ol~


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    O\.~ ~h,V\e. \V\\e.t ~r~~.) ~e..sfe(d:\"~.
    Sat~A'ru:. i Gl\fct..) bNrA: 3 T3

    • Q T
    A$SOMPTtot-)S~ So.rnQ.. A.S I'" ex.Q.~~ 1.7
    eccept 'Y\re-9 = \ooYc. A Iso"
    ttSSlJ.tt-tlL c.ern.Shuct ~c.i.lic.. heeds.
    MsAl.Y$\S: Tke.. ~r~' e"lc.ie",~ ~-t
    iW- \"'etA-t colt!. Q.Vr-S~ClY'~ ~cl~
    CQM.Io.(, elC{'o('.esseJ. Q.S

    '\.:: \ _ ~ ( T~ - T, )
    ff(r3-~)

    v.f,tl-\ "r~::' \00 0 / 0 » T)( --.,.£to cu.....l T ~ ::. T'Z. • ~


    'l: \ - T:z..-T, :: l- T, (T&/"lj_ ))
    T3 -'&+ T~ (\ - TY/T3)

    x.f- r =Y-z./'J» +k lS~mp\c.. ('~t(l-h~


    = P3 l 'P'f) O-fP~;
    ~ :. r(~) ~ Th. ~ yo -(~)
    'I T~

    ~ '= l _ !lllr&uK - ',,) 1


    \\. T3[( I - y-l V,,) 1
    1k. b("(,-.du:\eA -te('W\ 'lS CDt ~ {O... ~

    l ~_-~] ~t(¥) ] ~ a. :r¥


    F\~"U~
    "v \- (:;·~rd(-;;' crq...- ---..;;...
    l:; .... oe.ul\T: Op4r4lro-h'~ C'l,.,+A. ~"c. p,.o\f,·d.d -for Ai" ta,r-S+w..... d.tv·cJ. lrtAtJio"'- cycle.
    FINO: Dc"'" ............ e -t""""'- +MJ"'I04. ....t ef;h·c..'e""c, A",« "'t.+ pO~cr d~Ve..LDr'ec:iJ iT-
    c.. ) l"\t: \1c.0: 100 c)/o ) <.,.) 'r'\.t:. 'i'rrf>/oJ ~c.= ¥ 't % J Cc.) Y\c:. n%.1 \1<: =-9'i O~j
    c:A.l'\O A ~j~to\."'A.ft>'" Lv,'f-L.t \Ilre,~ =ff()"~ :~ ;"\ CD'(C-O,..... ~el.
    'Sc """""I("t lc.1. ~ Ccf~"" b A"TA :

    For Cd.)J fe+-r1:i. n!J 9./0

    Fe r: <'10) I ~.e,. tu 11'1. 9· /3b


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    ) 3 AS~VIf;1PTIt1N6 :

    T S4"c. e lClIo.... tJI -.f q. '1,1 if.') tt·~ .


    At-.lAt..Y,sH: Us.'", cL~+_ ft-.....7.4tLe. A-,Ll:?-
    st,de I: I' ':. S30·"
    ~ I, 1= 12.'-.~' B.ft,../ /b 11'r, =1.2. 't fa-
    S~e 2.5:: 1'~2S':. @1P,)J'l',., -.::. /2. cr" 8
    ~ I1z.s= 1-~'" .,,& B~llh
    S4a.-\e ~'. '3 ~ 2,.'2,.00 °ll.l k 3: S-L.o. s-i (3 hoI 10.1 p~ s ': 'Z.Sc.. Ie

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    (0.) ::tdeA..t ("yel e. .


    ~et
    l- : ,-
    1lo.a lI'4-\- power etc~d ~

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    =(q lC/O"~)(sS ,-o·S't - ,It"..,) - (1.'4-v.bi - ru..· ,,,)] ~
    .::. SI S'8' h,

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    ~lo_l"h V\c. fb

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    ""1- &.'4-~
    Cb)
    '1: \- (~ . . -&,,\ = 4
    "-~ -~l. J

    ~t'\t\~ ~ 'W4:,-Wc. ': 1M [(I-t)-h'l!) -(l,t-li.)]

    - (:t'ilb~) l ~-(..0'1" S~~·~) - (z."1-./~ - Il.(,."~)] '~rl


    -

    ( b)
    : :U.. "'2. "'" 4_
    (c) \1t":. ~%(j/().J Y\c::. 8-f-o;:,) Y'tfeje", ': 80%

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    ~t.~'W~ss :

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    '1--41.

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    CJ u...:t I l..vl-' c.e.-

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    tw'~\\\e. .nA.\,\s ~ c..o~,,"e.SSo~ ~ fu. he.,+ ~OWev- Ov.*t""*
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    1 bar

    Regenerator
    I 7

    T
    Pz = 4 bar
    3

    6 2

    s
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    dY\~l~"'C'.~ ().S "c.~' "cLu.\'\I\e. a..t ~
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    ().S 0.."" iclW ~~S,
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    ~t~ ,~ 7;:'300" '-t> J,,=30~,t' Ic.:rlk, ~ P.-,:.1.3860
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    =
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    T3 = b-.r! K..
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    1-/0/
    IT Code
    Wdots I mdot = h1 - ha
    =
    p1 1200 II kPa =
    sas s_hP("Air", has, p4)
    =
    T1 1200 II K
    sas s1 =
    p2 = 350 /I kPa ha = h1 - (h1 - has) * eta_t
    T3 = 1200 /I K pct = «(Wdot1 + Wdot2) - Wdots) IWdots) * 100
    p3 = p2
    p4 = 100 II kPa
    eta_t = 0.6
    IT Results for TIt =0.8
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) h 1 = 1277 kJ/kg
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) h2 = 984.9 kJ/kg
    =
    s2s s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) h2s = 911.9 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1 h3 = 1277 kJ/kg
    =
    h2 h1 - (h1 - h2s) * eta_t h 4 = 980.8 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) h4s = 906.7 kJ/kg
    =
    s3 s_TP("Air", T3, p3) h, = 768.7 kJ/kg
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4) has = 641 .7 kJ/kg
    s4s = s3 W 1m = 292.2 kJ/kg
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t t1
    W 1m = 296.3 kJ/kg
    Wdot1 I mdot = (h1 - h2) t2
    Wdot2 I rndot = (h3 - h4) Q. /rn = 292.2 kJ/kg
    =
    mdot 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.
    In
    % increase = 15.77
    QdoUn I mdot = h3 - h2

    riors :
    700 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 700
    - isentropic eficiency= 100%
    600 ~ isentropic efficiency = 80% 600
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    ]l 500
    OJ
    500
    --
    ~
    ~ 400
    ~

    ~
    ~
    400
    ·E ·E
    '<,...... 300 300
    N
    '$- '$- 200
    200
    - isentropic efficiency = 100%
    100 100 ~ isentropic efficiency = 80%
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    o-t----r-,---,-----,,--,---,-,----,----,--.-"""""l o+----r-,--,.-----,-,.----r-,---,----,r-...,.-----j
    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooe 1001200 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1on 200
    P2 (kPa) P2 (kPa)

    700 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 16 - , - - - - - = : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
    - isentropic efficiency = 100%
    600 ~ isentropic efficiency = 80% 14
    -+- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    12
    OJ 500 ~
    ~

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    ·E Q) 8
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    ro
    Q)

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    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1001200 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001 ooc 1 on 200
    P2 (kPa) P2 (kPa)

    9-/02.
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    Tk~ ~ fov- .f1...t V"'~ t-t,VreJ pLots ~V'€. obJ.eu'qeJ u.s I ~j L'r, C<..S kJ 1A...o()J.s; :

    q.. IO+
    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II kPa h3 = h_T(lAir", T3)
    T1 = 300 II K s3 = s_TP(lAir", T3, p3)
    p2 I p1 = rp p3 I pa = pa I p4
    rp 8 = sas = s_hP(lAir", has, pa)
    p3 = p2 sas = s3
    T3 = 1400 II K ha = h3 - (h3 - has) * eft t
    p4 = p1 Tb = T3 -
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s hb = h_T("Air", Tb)
    efU = 0.8 sb = s_TP(lAir", Tb, pa)
    efCc= 0.8 s4s = s_hP(lAir", h4s, p4)
    eft_reg = 0.8 s4s = sb
    To = 300 II K h4 = hb - (hb - h4s) * eft t
    hx = eft_reg * (h4 - h2) .;-h2
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) hy = h4 - (hx - h2)
    s1 =s_TP(lAir", T1, p1)
    52s = S_hP(lAir", h25, p2) mdot = AV1 I v1
    52s = 51 v1 = v_TP("Air",T1,p1)
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eft_c Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - ha) + (hb - h4) - (h2 - ht)
    52 = s_hP(lAir", h2, p2) eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * «h3 - hx) + (hb - ha»)
    bwr = (h2 - h1) I «h3 - ha) + (hb - h4»
    IT Results for rQ = 8, TIl< = TIt = 0.8
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    plOr.s \ h2 = 605.1 kJ/kg
    h2s = 544.1 kJ/kg
    0.6 h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4 = 1219 kJ/kg
    0.5 h4s = 1145 kJ/kg
    h, = 1219 kJ/kg
    0.4 - has = 1145 kJ/kg
    hb = 1514 kJ/kg
    hx = 1096 kJ/kg
    ~ 0.3
    hy = 727.8 kJ/kg
    11 = 0.4005
    0.2 bwr = 0.5163
    W = 1660 kW
    0.1 cycle

    0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 - isentropic efficiencies = 100%
    rp -- isentropic efficiencies = 90%
    -----.- isentropic efficiencies = 80%
    ----- isentropic efficiencies = 70%

    0.9 4000

    0.8 3500
    0.7 3000
    0.6
    0.5
    ~
    ~
    2500
    .... ~ 2000
    ~ 0.4 0
    >.

    0.3
    'So 1500

    0.2 1000

    0.1 500

    0 0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    rp rp

    1-/D5
    PRo13VEM 'I, 6 S"

    /t.1i.Q(JJIJ: A fwo-s+Me. ~rb,i-1e. wifl1 r.e-h~t (Jf'l'rcJe.s at ~ sfttfe u.nclev


    sptlcif.Je d Cbrtditl(31'\~.
    FIND', $how +hett ft-,e. '1'1"\.O'1(tMlM'YI fo~{ work owI-/p uk- is a~,necJ w'elA...
    fltte. pre.ssu-re. ro,til> is fhe ~n-te. acro S5 e~cZt sh""je,
    SC6f6J!1Mlc. i '1 VSAJ PArA::
    T _..,.'~_~:.....
    Reheat
    combustor

    .s p,) T, P,.
    ASSUMPTiONS: (t) The +urb/~e sta.~e..s ttY'-€. ana./~ zeel as co",,-Jrol V~wmes ak
    s+eA.d~ sft;t1e, (2..) T/A~ e~a.I'lSI"Y\ 1'. ....oce.'ses Q,~ iselll.+ ~ori<... (3) fc.. :: Plo =Pc: •
    (L/-) T, =T b ) (5) K,~ehc. ~I'\d g'(!}fenfla.{ -etle~~ ef.lecfs ar-e "€.f.IIi~ible,
    (~) The kJork,"'tj -II u.,.L.d. is ai r med.e- led e:tS £tn idea) 3o...r wi f-l; Cl>~frtt\:t.
    speci.fLc t1ecds,
    ANM"yS1S: The folAI -furl:)I~e. work. ev..fpu;f per I.<.Mt n1&l1"" sf ().irflow is

    ~ :: ~, i- ~. (h'J - h~ \ ... ( hb - h 2.)

    := c.,., [(T,-T~) t (Tb- T~)J


    := c, T, [( I - ~ 1 + (~ _ 13-)1
    r T. T, T" 1
    KNQ().?N: A-l'Y" is (,()'\.oipr"~SS.ec.( IV. tA. -tWC-Sf-a.je. COM p".esso r wi·HI\ J"iifercool/~
    ~.twe.eV1 fhe sl-0-9¢.s. 0fltr'Yl+'~9 pressu~S tAk.c1.J.ew..pe-ralul'f!s a.r.tZ
    9 Wf.tt.
    elNQ: 'Def.efMIV\e the..
    power-fo ru ... +he Co~pY"eS50r ak.ci. c.aYtA.fdte -Ifus
    10 -the pow.er rtfj.,v.;w-e.d for ise~fnJpiG c.ompr-es5lc,lo'\ froth tktL s~mC2.
    ;Jlflet sta-te -10 fl1l ~amefill\t4( ~r-essu.rt! .
    .J. Compressor Compressor P2 = 120C> It: p",-
    Sc HEM-ATI C. if, 'L IIGIJ p4rA ~ stage stage
    r- __1 2
    I -
    P
    2 3 I
    I
    I
    L! -
    1 c
    Tj = 300 K
    PI = 100 kPa

    Pj = 100 kPa
    ~ ,r\ :: 10 tv.) /WI ilA lL ~L---

    v Qaut

    AS$UMPTLQNS: Sa.m~ as ;1-1 Exo..1kple '1.'.


    ANaLYStS: FlY-sf) .ft" eAdll of fhe. prt'vtc~tc.I.s-kAfes (Talole 4-Z,2.).
    staie. (: T, = 300 k. ::::!;> h, = 300,1'1 k:rl ~.) P,.., = J.38"0
    Sfa;fe.e.; frc.~(PGIP,)rrt = Li.f3S1 =t> h c -:. lt 2' ,7 7 k.:r/l~
    sta:fe.cl~ Tel -:: T, :: 300l< =;> hcl :: 300.tQ I,:r{lc.j P'-d = 1.38'00 J

    Sta:fe.2: P,,-z. = (P2./ Pc/. ) 'I'd ~ 1./,752 =:> h.2. =1..11.1,21 k::r/~
    T~ e m~ss -Plo w ",,,de is
    ~ ::0\ V-), E!. :.
    I<T,
    (10 "",3/M"~)( leo kPA)
    ( 8 .~l4 lc.:r )(3~OJc:.) "0 .s
    ,.. I ""'I~ III 0
    .'
    3
    NI~"l..11
    k('"
    l
    10
    1
    kJ"
    tJ'M
    I::
    . 0./Q36
    k
    :1/.S
    ".8.'1 ""'1<
    TJh.e. CCl\,A.p (,~>Sor rower is
    We. :. we, + Wc."l. = ~ (hc.-~t) + ~ ("'1..- h", )
    =~.1'13" ~5 \(Lf1.~.-l1- 3t90,let) fc:., 1 k~
    k"J"I' ,+ (0' 1~~")('12."1,21-300, ,~).
    k.:r s
    :: 2 S.oB' k.W t- ~ 4.13'11 Ic.W =. t.t'l.b8 ~W.... \!lie..

    To fv~et +\.Ae. 1'0W~ ~ Sl~'e. .s~ez. ef- U>Mf~S'Sl~} ole.+e,O\I\lJ"e. h a ~s


    .foLlow~ '.
    Pr3:' (p'2./ PI) 'Pr , :. L<'.b 32 =b- h3 =" to ,0S k::r/ ~
    lkus We ~ yV. (h~-lA,) =(oD.Lf kW
    rhQ" ~e.c,~.e.a.~e. \\1\ p0we-I{" Wl~ -\wo-~~e. J lV\t.e.noo\.e.J ~pr~ss~oV\ ....~
    0/ j hD.H -L.t'f."e ~I ofor€cJ.ue.f~
    /0 C.\tc..v~se ::. bO. II ~ tOO =-/7.3 S 10 ~ Jh p~we.,..

    9-/D7
    KNOvJN: The +wo-sl-~e. cornp("es50~ wil-iIJ ,v,tercco{,itt!J il1 'Problem 9.b~ is
    recon s ;4e('ed wifl1 coM(>reSf>Or- GfAljfl e(+Lcie1l1c,fes less +hCV1 leoeto.
    flND: plot -fhe (0.) p()wer '-VJpu.f +0 e.AC~ .sfo..qe.) (~) heAt 1t'a~sfer m-/e /-or
    the J;'" i-ercco I.e".} 0. J-td. (C.) perceuf dUr~se iVi fower -fer 1-vvO -s.J..a.']e.
    cornpresst"ol'\ toYlApdred &. su~,~/e c.om"r~ssl~ s~~J -for e&tCiA.
    e#Lc.leV1Gf:j value <jjwe» ) aYld ~r ,'i-1tersf~e.. pressu.res ,.an~(Vq
    1tvm J ()C!) to 12.00 k.Pe-... s-
    SCHEMA-TIL
    - --
    <I 'LV€.N
    g -
    D~ : ,. I1.c::f'O80°/0
    Of:>/o "fP¥
    \"
    See ~c:?tl(.Hon to P("%l-em 't."6 0
    for ,"0 10 3
    sclA e, Mc~:hG . .3s ;
    ASSUMPTLONS: .s~tl1e a..s I;" EX(A.MfI-e.. " JOD~ Pc:: ~ 1'2.00 kpo...
    q.~ I exc.epr ~C.I : Vlc,'1. ~ IQc:J°fo • I
    ~s I
    ,
    e ~ti-'
    ¥'
    AN.4L'I51$: £:!OI'\'SL(;,{er f'he sAMple cese, .
    \
    OD

    of Pe-= Pet = 350 lc.p~ As-tJ t[c.,=l1c.1,= c.e.


    Fl)(l;"~ e<Ac~ of tke. rrlJ.1c.i F( s.~-ks·, T, = 'e! =30ok
    ~: h, =30o.'Q k.:f/kj CFtobkrM,.&b) s
    ~: \N;"'", -fro"", 'Prolo'~m ct. G:>b) ~n&",c I i-\., -the. c.c)t11p~sso.-
    he s ::. If z.CJ .71 k'J /Iuj
    -e~c.G,~~Gcj he.::' Ill, + (~csl-" )/nc.t :. 4f92.'t" ,,:r/~
    ;H·a,;fe 4.: hot = h I ~ 300.lf:J k.\f /~

    5tCt-ie, 2..~ l-tz.~:: '121.21 k::r/~ jhz.:' hol + (}.,2S- hd.)/l1.~'Z. ::. '75'1.0 I<;J/~
    (0.) Ih~ power I~fwt- -fureAc{,. S~1l is, -h-r W1 ;: O.ltt?>" b"/s
    We.t :. ~(hc.-hl) :. 31.3" ,,"\AI
    Wc.s. :. ~ (~2.-lAe.t) :: 30:15 Ic.W
    a.lso· . -
    We.':' W(,,\ of. Wc.'L ::. Co 2. II k W
    (6) For f'ne lV\krc.oo I.e r
    G. OlA.t = \M Che.- ~ do) ::"31. 3" bW
    (c.) :P..e:t./l.'C'"m\Y\e. h~o..\ {.olLows~ \tt~s:'(,lO."S K.~(~ (frob'eMq'''').1~
    V\3 = n, + ('-';s - h Il/ttc. ::. (988.3 kJ/bj
    I~S W::' Wt ( h 3 - iA .) =? S, ILf k. W
    F.r\(All~
    75.14 - "2_ L( I
    f)fo aecfWoSe. ~ -----J< DO :. 17.3t.t %
    15.("l

    "'The plo+:S 0\.\ *\A~ ~ey;-t W~Q, s","ow kow e."-C~ o~ these ~UA",l-lties varies
    loitlA ,-V\+-erst~tl. 'Pre~su-(~ 1br ~~'" ~ ~~ e.«-lc.\iV\c..~ v",l~. No+~ +~
    oV\l<j e~.e C».J(Vl2- f s h(lecle..d -for- +hR. -/0 clecV"~e. '-11\ power, ""fu-fj
    '5 t'~ ce ~ e t+-lC, leV\G<:j vt>..llAe. CAV\cels eW\- i (l ~~ $'~'Me. vAll.\,e., is lA.~~
    ..(by-- eP-C'"
    sta-~ e, •

    q-Lf)~
    PRO(3lE.M q. {,1 (CtMi 'd.)

    Ike. AAt~ -ftlf" f£.\e ("t..1U.i:t-'e.J pLofs ctre olottLl~d ~ II,.! l T) C4~ .cellow~·.

    ITCode
    p1 = 100 /I kPa
    IT Results for pI) = Pd = 350 kPa,
    T1 = 300 11K
    =
    s2s sd TI9..1 = De? = 80%
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eta_c
    pc = 350 /I kPa h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    s3s = s_hP("Air", h3s, p3)
    pd = pc h2 = 458.9 kJ/kg
    s3s = s1
    Td =T1 h2s = 427.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = h1 + (h3s - h1) I eta_c
    p2 = 1200 /I kPa h3 = 688.2 kJ/kg
    p3 = p2 h3s = 610.5 kJ/kg
    mdot = (AV11 v1) * (1/60) II kg/s
    eta_c = 0.8 he= 462.1 kJ/kg
    v1 = v_TP("Air",T1, p1)
    AV1 = 10 /I m3/min hes = 429.7 kJ/kg
    Wdotc1 = mdot * (hc - h1)
    Wdotc2 = mdot * (h2 - hd) hd = 300 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) m = 0.1936 kg/s
    Wdotc = Wdotc1 + Wdotc2
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)
    Qdotout = mdot * (he - hd) W = 31.37 kW
    scs = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc) c1
    Wdot = mdot * (h3 - h1)
    scs = s1 W = 30.76 kW
    pct = «Wdot - Wdotc) I Wdot) * 100 c2
    hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eta_c
    hd = h_T("Air", Td) Q = 31.37 kW
    sd = s_TP("Air", Td, pd) out
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) % decrease = 17.32

    PLOT~ :
    110 110
    - - isentropic efficiency = 100%
    100 100 -A- isentropic efficiency = 80%
    90 90 --- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    80 80
    70 70
    ~
    ~
    60 ~
    ~
    60
    '0 50 N 50
    0
    "5 40 '5 40
    30 30
    20 20
    10 10
    0 0
    100 300 500 700 900 1100 100 300 500 700 900 1100
    Interstage pressure (kPa) Interstage pressure (kPa)

    110 20
    100 18
    90 16
    80 .:x
    ....
    0 14
    70 3
    ~ c: 12
    ~
    60 Q)
    .-
    ::l
    tJ)
    m 10
    0 50 ....
    Q)
    ·0 0 8
    40 Q)
    "0
    30 ;:F. 6

    20 4
    - - isentropic efficiency = 100%
    10 -A- isentropic efficiency = 80% 2 -
    ---- isentropic efficiency = 60%
    0 0
    100 300 500 700 900 1100 100 300 500 700 900 1100
    Interstage pressure (kPa) Interstage pressure (kPa)
    KNOW~~ Alr- i.~ c..o~p't"e.Ci6~ ~+ S~ sfak ill\ ~ lwo-S+Cl.4Je.. CO~I"eS~o""
    witlA. iV\~cool""s bth.ue,t.V\ ~ !>T01~s. Ore("Q.t'r\~ pC-eS\"",feS Cl~
    -te~~~S C4W"~ ~ow~.
    De\-e,.W\.\II\e. (6..) tl-.L powQ.f" -.~ ~~t ~sfet'" r4l.+e. ~ ~lI.clA
    CO~p("~->~ot'" s.~e. ciMA (II» tlu. '",\-e.-c.oo&er h~Cl,t tr~"sofev- ro.ie.
    SC,lieMA;[lc.. • (·,we.y 'PM"".
    '-
    <l==:=
    We

    $20°<
    '\T'
    A$SUMerc~~ (l) eQ.~ C.O~PO tI~c.d:' i.s Q.rtC4l~'Z.~e:t as
    c.OY\h-t:JI vc.L""'Ike. o.:t 3~~
    0..
    SM:Ie.. (2.) (Dn\(Jt"'~S'to .... ft"'Dc.e~ses ~ ...e. pDI~n-opic..
    n =t,'2.1. <.~) ~ loS wi&
    )1D f('e'sc..u'e. dr4!>p f'v«'U'J'" tfJ.A. '·lI&tercoDler: (£4' Kl~e.h:C. ~ po+e.....+ud e~et9~
    e~e.ets G-re. n~li9ibl~.(5) l1t.e. a.~V" bel-tA\leto: Q..S Cl.&-\ id(A1 CJD..5.
    ANAL.ySIS: ~)For ~~sso,. s~e. t • T", = (Pe./P, )1J;J.Tt : Co(,(,.$'\ .1(.. fO:>t"'\
    ta.4?I.e. A- Z2E..1 k, =. I'2.~.rt &hf../lb o..v.J. ~c. :. lSq,'{q 6""-IL".
    e~C4.ce.h·~ b.(,('o..) for- A.,~I'1fn,pL(, Pf'OUiPS &feu,," id~~(gQ.sJ '¥P'ie$
    t' = ~
    n-, (T ...T t )
    e.
    = (I,1.l) (~. ~ ( '-(N.Sl -
    (.41)
    52.0)°1t

    E\1Ct.l \1.Ah ~~ .;,..


    M ~ (AV-), P, :. (~OOO Jt){W\.~", \
    R 11
    {f'1 ' 'fA",,?:
    ( tS''t 5. .f:!..:..!!! ) ( 520o~ )
    )1 l\(\(
    I f+~
    I
    \~~ =<{3C,.2. 'b/M~lI\
    ,.e.11 lb· oR
    The. powe.r for 5~e I ~
    Wc., ':0 t(.()(,.t. \ b/Wlo' \tI\ ) l «(l,'lq B\ou./l~) = ;2.o/ Co O<D 8~/M\lI\~ Wc.t
    NolA.) I a..r~~ ~~ ~\I\. ell\~V'~~ b",lCLIACe. to Stage') ~ hetl\.+ -tT-«-lI\s~er ~o."e.. \.5
    Qt, ':. ~ (lot c.- h, ) - We-I
    ':. (1.(1(,.1.)( lSQ.4Q - 1'lt.{."l1)-2.0 , CPOCo -:. -S;t43 8k.\/~;",~ QC.l

    feY" s+~~ '2. j T:z.:: ~z./¥ cl) ,,-y~ T ~ ::: (,so/qSj''a-V Io :l1 (5«0) -= (oQ1.5" 0 R. . lYo""", We. ~
    "To.b\e. A.-1.1.E.) hd':. 1'2.~.O~ 8 ....../10) h2.: {~.q~ BJ",./Ile . 'k.", r-
    'f"Cl.:' ~ [=_~ Jl Tl. -1;1 1 = (q~.~)[(l.1.')(#I~;~ti.ql)]((oq1.S" 5''''') -: "2,'1 (53 ~~,"\

    Q '\.':. ~ \~l.-~o)-wc.,- ~ (n(,")(k.N.q~-I,-q,O(,)-Z1./I~ =- -~~l E~'''\


    c Gu.
    (ID) a2. oJ = ~<'Ii\c-hcl)
    :: <fi(,.1.. (( Sq.4'\ -l ,,'1.0('):' l"3,;t 1l.{ {3{.(...,(1M''''

    'i-I·tO
    kNOWN: The r€~evtera.fwe OJde f)~ Probkm tIf,54- is (tJotJ,trtM 1-0 littclcAd~ ~
    -fwo- 'S 'f~e Ct1tvLf'~esso('" i"'j .
    W l.ftt I""v,fer <:'001 _
    EJ..6JJ2 : COYtsn'«.,c."f pIck (9f fhe. (~) +k-e rtYtA( eU lC 1<VlCt:t .) (b) btAck. L.uo\"l
    ('a.tio J cxnc.( (~)Iller prJw(!'v"',d..evel,!p.e.cJ.. -lor . fhe. ~I'V~ eOYJl1,pre~s()r
    sfa..;j e t:t no( ~frb I he e (:{l.C tenctes V(!'Y"S"('(S s: re: ~ e 0 po c.er¥ resso r:
    pre ~SUf.e. nU-tos. T .;r q~
    5CkfEM,4:7lb tt 'l VEN Q4za: I~~ ~~ 'b~
    {t:to
    :: tt. ::.
    \Lc. :: 11~~.(;, ofO
    8--0010 . c. ?J~'}.
    ASSUMPTIONS: 5(tm~ OJ In
    '1,1 J except )')c, = nc.z. = I1t ~ 100 (J/o.
    j2tl).J""ple. 70-:>/0
    ~s
    ,,,
    ,
    PrNALVSLS: eonst"der tl1.e sa-me. SArwp.'e..
    CASe as ,'//\ Pro b/.em Cf. 5"1 j
    Ca.l cu. (tid-tin\.
    wi#\ Vlc..=d1e 'J. = rt-4:=OI8 C1n.t.t P-z.lp, ~8.
    ,,
    ----#--- 300l<
    ...,L-.....
    1~e H,llowil1/j c~fes 4~e.. u.ncMCc.~eJ :
    l.1, -=. 300. (., k:r/~.) Pr , -= 1,38E,O 5
    ~3:' / S/S.Lf 2.
    h'f -= Q11.4
    5~re e.: PYc.s -= cr; I PI) Pr, . ()J,'+~ 1,,:'~ P, p';' ::. .282.8 k.P~ j Pres -= .3.C1J.O
    a~ he!. = 40L.#. 32 k:r/~. USli1j +1Ae. Con'f"'es.~or ~~fZ. c.f.fid~"'Gcj>
    . he. = ~\ t (h c s -hl)!t\c.1 = '"t30. 3S kJ/~
    ~ Ta T, :. ~DO{<:. ::::t> hd : ~I :. 30o.rtt k.J/~ ) Prd = /.38'0
    ?

    5fate. '2.: Pr Dl s ::. (p& / Yet ) Pre( :: 3.'1 xo =t> ~2.) ~ l.{oLf. 32. .) l,.1- =l.f30. '35 k.=rl ~
    -rhe spec·"f-lc. -e V\+~tl ~ p~ hx
    ·l~
    h x ~ ~r~(~l.f-~-z.) t~z.:: 311./'} k.'f/~
    a~) WM~rl~~ h~
    h~:: h y - Ck x -~2.) = Sl/2. SlP kJ/~
    (~) itt e -ft.t ev- m~ I e.f.f.i.e, l".e VI e.y is
    Yl:: 1- 0" ':1- h,) + ( l.,c.- ~o. )
    'L ('" 3- hx;) :: o.LlIJ..l (41.Ll%)
    Lb\ The b~ck LOot1£. rA,ti.o i-s
    I _:z. ( he- hi) -,'\ UQ7
    'Ow r - h} _ ~"t - v ~ ~ I

    (c) I~e. h~t power It-tNeAopelA b<j t1u. ~e-t~ is ~ ~


    WCA.fc~ =. Wt - (W C I ""Wc.,-) : ri1 [(~~-k'() - 2(h,--"',)]
    'vJ~-t~ ~ :: 5.8c)1 ~ Is frc1'M Prob\-e.M '1.5'1
    W ~t.l~ :. 1531.3 k.W
    PROl3LEM Gt, 1.>9 (~l'd,)

    Tke..~o.. for ~~ '(e.1U.~V"eJ plofs ar-e ()Ioki~~ USt"Uj IT, t<.s +cL(ows'"
    ITCode hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eff_c
    p1 = 100 II kPa hd = h_T("Air", Td)
    T1 = 300 11K sd = s_TP("Air", Td, pd) IT Results for rQ = 8,
    p2 I p1 = rp s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) n£1 = U£2 = TIt = 80%
    rp = 8 s2s = sd
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eff_c h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    pc I p1 = p2 I pc h2 = 430.3 kJ/kg
    pd = pc h3 = h_T("Air", T3)
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) h2s = 404.2 kJ/kg
    Td =T1 h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    p3 = p2 s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4)
    s4s = s3 h4= 990.8 kJ/kg
    T3 = 1400 II K h4s = 859.9 kJ/kg
    p4 = p1 h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eff_t
    hx = eff_reg * (h4 - h2) + h2 he = 430.3 kJ/kg
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s hes = 404.2 kJ/kg
    efCt = .7 hy = h4 - (hx - h2)
    hd = 300 kJ/kg
    efCc= .7 hx= 878.7 kJ/kg
    eff_reg = 0.8 mdot = AV1 I v1
    v1 = v_TP("Air", T1, p1) h, = 542.4 kJ/kg
    eta = 1 - «hy - h1) + (hc - hd) I (h3 - hx) 11 = 0.4136
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) bwr = 0.4978
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) bwr = «hc - h1) + (h2 - hd) I (h3 - h4)
    scs = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc) Wdotnet = mdot * «h3 - h4) - 2 * (hc - ht) W = 1526 kW
    cycle
    scs = s1

    PLOTS ~
    0.7 0.8

    0.6 0.7

    0.6
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    ~ ~
    .0 0.4
    0.3
    0.3 -
    0.2
    0.2
    0.1 0.1

    0 0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    rp rp

    3200
    - ... =
    isentropic efficiency 100%
    2800 --- =
    isentropic efficiency 90%
    --.- =
    isentropic efficiency 80%
    2400 - =
    isentropic efficiency 70%

    ~ 2000
    III
    ~ 1600
    'So 1200

    800

    400

    0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    rp

    "1-1/'2-
    KNDWN: A /.wo -~k<.<je. co~('r~s~or wioUl !iAferc.ooll~j "~nt~.s ~ ~
    sfak. W Ifh k.n.8W Yt 'hlet GC)Vlttc.+, tn'\S ~ e< tff We,.. e~ L+pn:-3SLCI'e.
    611.JJ.: RQ.f.erV'1~' -lo E:~A~J-e 1dO, derive. 41il e.~fressit11l\. -fo,.--l'ke.
    ...-e1a.·h:6v\ :.kf.t.cr~ pr"es~(,(,re rrttios across -f/.cJL fvJo ~~Jl..s -fby-
    1'ke esse w~e Tot >T" .
    Scf:fB\1MLC ff GzlVW PMA.: See E)(~fhf'e. q .ro.
    M£UMprtQNS: See E'K~*p/~ ~.IO, e)(ce.pt 7d.>Ti.
    4N.4L\j.sIS: ~e -I-o-f.a../ COvYf,p~sso".. w()r"- ''''pCA.t peru.""t ~a~r flow is

    ~ ~(hc.- hi) -40 (~7.- ha \ = 7 (Tc. -I, ) to Cr (II. -"T.".)


    ~Q T I (1= - f) + <p Ttil (Tz. - ()
    ::
    'T, T~

    rVl-trod..uC., iA.~ -+ke. is e.\A -lrop·,c" r.(2. b.tl~S "_I


    "G; -:. tr: ) '1t ~ =. (E!- \ k.
    T, \P, .) TeA \Pi J
    <J Ak . l:d r Ic..='
    ~ " e,. T, [( ~y. -(] Go ,.~ l(~J "'- lJ
    Y)..(

    oj-

    To 04..e.J.eY-m\~e. +"".e. freS~u.rL p. +hol* Yl"I\'V\I'M\U~ +I.u2..-iofa1 \Vork.) .forM


    t\\e O-e'flucdwe \
    () ( We (.-k) ::
    ""O
    P r '~).c. p
    c, T (~) (P~ )-~ (1)
    p
    _cr Tot (~-I)(f2.
    k. p'
    -) t.(~)
    p'
    J ' ' \'

    = Cp T, (/c.~l) r led
    t l(~\ Ie; -
    ) ~-t l
    ("r~ )( p.Yc"' ~
    i
    FOr +ktl. ~\'V1 ,~U~) OC.~C.IM)101\ ='0. Tku-s
    /..-1 1--1
    o =(~)k_ (ft)(~) ~
    ~~ ~\lW'A\l:1 ~
    ~
    p,
    :(TaT, )k.-''(P!?\i J

    '1-113
    P1200~eM 't.7-1

    KNoWN: A l'l'lLd+i-8ta.~e comf,...e~sorVJi+h IVttercooi1i.15 b~fweeYl +he


    sfCi5es hc:« known /"v)lef condirto n; ~d A.. ~ l\le-JIJ exit
    pr-es~u",e. .
    ElN1>: Show -#tt(.t -I11e rnl'i-t I~Ul'\;l to~1 UJork / ~pu+ is re.~u;nz.J whet{
    #t~ pres~l.t('e. ra:l-io i-s +'he sa-the. a.c n:>S'-S eetcL-a sJ-a.~e.
    JC/zI§/\t&T1C g GtVGN DMA.'

    aS5V/;1PTIOAlS: See E~(Amp/~ ~.IO.


    ~NA:lYSl S ~ pro 1Vl +~e res uli: e>f E2((). MP'~ GJ 10;
    I

    Pi p.
    P, ~ ~
    Pi
    "S\m(\~rl~ ~ -::. ~
    Pi PoJ'
    PAo~U3M 'f, 12

    KtJowtJ: The re~eYlero,:Hve, ~cle of 'Probkm Q.5l.i is modif ied -10 I~clu.de
    "'h.AJo- st",-"fl. c(){Yt.pr-essioVl tM'\.de2CpetnSIOk l wifL..lJllferc()O(/1I\5 AM
    r.e.heAt, ('especf~vel~:/J hefweeIAJ fkL cS~~S.
    FIND.: &'YLSrru.c.+ P.'~S ef -H1e (a) #Jer'f)tAI eft.tc/e."." )cl,) ba.ck. worlc..
    rrXHDJ ,C(1ld (c:) --net p,ow~(" develope&! foy-- ~IV~Vl COM(' ...~~,..aNtJ
    ~lllJe 6fa.qe etfccl~YlGle.s v~rsl.(.S ~ ra~~e 'of cetll\p~ssct(" pt1?ssu.re
    ra. tI os.
    SCfff;NATI(. i= ~(Vp,,) 'DAm: See. P,..oh~tl1.s q.{, 4 £41'\6. ~." q.
    ASSl.' MPTCOkJS: See obove... ~fe~nceet i'rohf-enrs,
    AtJAl8S\S~ Consider -fhe S&\rne $t>.mp/e. C/lse. as Ill'; ProI,khls '1. St.J)'1'''~~~
    'f.(,<f; wi+l1 n,,:' JIl G '1 :; Ylft: J1 i z =0.8 ~ 'f2./,:>, e B. -,he ..f<9Uc>w,io~ ~s
    l:v'e iA.lIt clI.4 Jot.jed :
    11., -: 3C90,/Q kJI ~ ~3- -= I SIS .42-
    11c. =430.35' ha. :: 121Gf,(
    ho( :. 300,11 J" b : I SIS, 4 2-
    h2. = '130.35 11" :: 12L1. 7
    No c.e.J J fhe spec.ifl·c., e ~Q.(f'Cd h)c is
    h)( :::. ~r~~ ( htt-h~) + "'z. = 10(,/.8 k.J/~
    d-VldJ ev(),{U.~t/~.1 ky
    h ~ = l, Cot - (f..t)(- k"Z-) '::L 588.2.5 k:T/ '=9
    CA.) The 1k-eY'1MA1 et¥lcJoia.1 CCj is
    YL= 1- (h;-~,) +(he-lttd) =0.442 (4L1.z. elt) )
    (~3-hx)t (hb-l.-tet )
    ( b) I~e ba.ck we)""k. ra.fi 0 '&oS

    bw r :
    zc he-h,) '=: O.4'f 0
    7( h3-h d \
    (C) (he vte.-I: powev- dee v~l(!)ped b~ ftte ~~cle is.
    W~eICL ':: ~ [W"tW'1.-Wc.,-Wc.~l = ~ l2.(h3-keJ-2(hG-~,)J
    w; till ~ =. S. f>01 ~ (s J

    W~ek. :: (''2.'2.~S k-w


    The ttex.JC4. tor ff,te f~~U.~fed plok q~e. o~HM:LAe.J. ~s'IAB IT, a.s to LLoL.<Js:

    'I-liS
    ITCode h1 = h_T("Air", T1) ha = h3 - (h3 - has) * eff_t
    51 = 5_TP("Air", T1, p1) Tb=T3
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    SCS = s_hP("Air", hcs, pc) hb = h_T("Air", Tb)
    T1 = 300 11K
    scs = 51 sb = 5_TP("Air", Tb, pa)
    p21 p1 = rp 545 = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4)
    hc = h1 + (hcs - h1) I eff_c
    rp 8 = hd = h_T("Air", Td) 545 = sb
    pc I p1 = p2 I pc
    sd = 5_TP("Air", Td, pd) M = hb - (hb - Ms) * eff_t
    pd = pc
    525 = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) hx = eff_reg * (M - h2) + h2
    Td =T1
    525 = sd hy = M - (hx - h2)
    p3 = p2
    h2 = hd + (h2s - hd) I eff_c
    T3 = 1400 11K
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) mdot = AV11 v1
    p4 = p1
    53 = 5_TP("Air", T3, p3) v1 = v_TP\,Air",T1,p1)
    AV1 = 5 II m3/s Wdotnet = mdot * (2 * (h3 - ha) - 2 * (hc - h1))
    p3 I pa = pa I p4
    efCt =.8 eta = Wdotnet I (mdot * «h3 - hx) + (hb - ha))
    sas = s_hP("Air", has, pa)
    efCc= .8
    sas = 53 bwr = (hc - h1) I (h3 - ha)
    eff_reg = 0.8

    IT Results fOf fQ = 8,
    TI9.1.=-n£2 = Ull = Ut2 = 80%
    h 1 = 300 kJ/kg
    h2 = 430.3 kJ/kg
    h2s = 404.2 kJ/kg
    h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h4= 1219 kJ/kg
    PLoTS :
    h4s = 1145 kJ/kg
    0.7 h, = 1219 kJ/kg
    has = 1145 kJ/kg
    0.6 hb = 1514 kJ/kg
    he= 430.3 kJ/kg
    0.5 hes = 404.2 kJ/kg
    hd = 300 kJ/kg
    0.4 hx = 1061 kJ/kg
    ~
    hy = 588 kJ/kg
    0.3 II = 0.4413
    bwr = 0.4409
    0.2
    W =1918 kW
    cycle
    0.1

    0 - is entropic efficiency - 100%


    -- isentropic efficiency- 90%
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 ---.- isentropic efficiency - 80%
    --- isentropic efficiency- 70%

    0.7 4000

    0.6 3500

    3000
    0.5

    0.4
    ~ 2500
    ...
    ~

    ~ ~ 2000
    .0 >,
    0.3 o
    'S 1500
    0.2
    1000
    0.1 500

    0 0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
    ~tJoWN : ,4 ~c.s K.wbl~~ t-t"s two 5~S of c.o~V"ess(o~ WI~ 'cde...coo,,~
    ~ o...1wO-5+~t. ~\ti~ Wl.~ ~ecd:.. J>a.~ MI. kAOu.m (1..t
    vt:trtou.s (OCA.ti...o1\s. TLWbI~~ Q.~c{ ~«S$o(, ~~ t.uie,tV\c.i~ Ar~ Iac.owtt.
    EIND~ D<z.kiMilllE' (a.) t'- voh.>Jot-\etv't.. fLo""'-' ro..+~ ~+ I .... "'ci 1,:,) (z.) -the... +k~v- .........q
    e.ff' ~ e.... C'~) (c.) t I...tLloll c.tc.. l..U 0 ... 11:. "'0. h '0 .

    p~ ~ ClOO "-;:.::'~::.-t~
    l't" -: hc.'l. =-. g&( :2. Wc-YC\c ":: tg- 00 tt::'N
    Compressor Compressor
    , ..............1 2 .....
    I .....

    -:=f>
    l Wcycle
    Tc(""tfl.o~ ,
    ~~\ .. ~~ ': • g,.
    {({to Ie..

    ANAt.\(S,S, ~ FI-rst) +l1C &d-\ Df ~ pl'IWlCiptl(


    shtkS. (T~bLe. 4-2-2.)
    s
    SWe I T, -.:. 3OOl::: '=C:> h\ =~O()oIq \:.3"l~ J Py, -.:. I. '3 sso
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    Sh!=teb hb~~E>o.\"'\ "-\f/lc, J Prlrl: 1,3860
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    t ~q"C, fII ~"Q ,~,) ,rcW .s

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    t: J
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    Go,iA/ ~ I t.{4~ ,4 , tC'!cst---------

    <.c) Tk \»dL wo~ (o.;tt<> is


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    Wt/'rVt. (\\l-hc.) to (ket- h\f)
    = 2. <» <.(. l.I ~ -::. 0.'1 0 {
    CDScL OCD oE~l-------------="':':"':"
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    Y'~eMeN'a..toY" U;l~ e«-ec.tW~ess lSe:ro.
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    \lI\ Probl~ ~ .'7~,

    SCl-tbMPrrlC , (PlVbf.J J>MA-~

    Compressor Compressor). If
    1 2

    =={>
    "'~~UMPTtO~S ~ 5Q.W\\t. Cl.$
    WCYCl e

    ,~ Prob\e¥\l\ q.'1'. A\So) Intercooler

    ~.. ~S ~O V('~co.SW'<' cJ.f'0\>


    ~C;~ twL v~~cw~iot".

    !rNM.'1S tS: Fro~ tk $O\u..+\.~ ~ frob~ ct. 73·


    ",~~~ :300.\'1 ".3" 1k.,5 ~c.:=' l~lS.~ l"jl"j
    h~:(,(,~:l..t('t.. k.!"(k.~ ~cl :lS''lq.l.(\{ ~r{",
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    '2..ta.+e.)(
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    "(,\)..\("L
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    q-Ilq
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    'C:.YOWN: S""e...dr'i+A.+~ Op.,. ... -h·t'\j at:\.+... D.,re prov,'ded ~ P~bi,."", 9.s-8 cc)
    -{or o; .:e,~~e"44,·Y'~ j 4,£ +""... b"",,~ c.'1c./e..
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    Y Regenerator

    :=t>
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    ASSYMpnQAJS ~ Stl.rne Q.S EXtl.-,1e. tt,7 I eXc.ept- l1tl .... ~t.,. '=. t .... AAA.ct he.:' .14.
    A-l~oJ r'~k(!A.+ oc.c.A.A.r"S W'I~ ~ '~~~UNe <:ll"tf.
    ),:NM-YStS·. Ft-c~ -HA,e. solu-t~ C!>~ prolo~ q.;&,) '0,,= \'2.(","'<-' ~\ou./llo I
    ¥l'1, -=. ~ " , . , " 6\u./Uo) \c\ ~ '::. sec.
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    ~ "4:, -:. ~)-~o."? - nCA.s
    Y\
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    ,

    S\M-,\~V'\Aj) ~ ~\'we S~e. 2.,) pr. = I"~'O a\'A. 9"&1$ ': 51.IS"::(> hCfS::' $(oO.. llf ~
    W~~ h b :::. 50tt.'l ew.-/lb) h 4 -::. h b - nt~(klo- h'ts) = 3,'.'tQ ~/lb
    ~ 5pe.c:"f\<:' ew~ ~)c is eo..\ e.u.\CA.i-~ ~
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    3 -z.'!S.O$ (3~/lb
    ~~ W
    'lJe. ~ (\-\~- \,~) +- (~b - ~'i) - (~'J.- h,) =. 'I Z.'i8' 6#u1lJt,

    i\\.~s '"~ =. W~c.lc./~


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    3
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    Compressor Compressor
    1 2

    S 1 cL.
    A~SUMenOtJS ~ 50-Me e.s lW\ ~o.""f'ks T\"S~o
    1.'1 o..~ q.l:\ ,(,ltc:..E!f+ -for ~e.. I
    ~\o\,,~ lAAJ. c.oMf(~ssO't'" eH-,c.,~~e\t:s. ~\,. l't.' 14'il4"":.

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    n,':
    h.;: \'2.(,.10 Co ) h) -= Sbc. SCI ) ~ \o\&t ': 3 2.8. t.( ekM lb.
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    d-SSUMPTLOAlS: Se~ e)CQ.~'c e:t.lf


    ANM.'I 51 ~ ~ F\.x ~cM. ef ~ I'r~",c.lp.. l .~.
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    Q.wl h-z.~ '=. 11~."O 6~'Uo. \~"tt\.4 ~ Co~1'esso'("'
    tHlC.''''''~
    '" -:.. ~...~-h\ ~, _L f ~'!S -h\) _ .I~
    nCo. \-\'1o-t\, ~ Yl-z. - V\,+ '\ "leo. - ,'lo. Ott ~N/.D
    SUlk 3 T3 '=Tl wi> ~'3:' \2.(0,40(, 041A./~ J t>Y, '= ,.1.qcq
    Ste.-kq Pr'lS : (rll/f'3) Pr~ ::. 3.82.l\ ~ ~'($ '=-l".58 6~'U,. '-\itt«-.. -{o1..a.
    ~(~SO~ (~'Hi\fAi\"j > hit ': ~) +- (~ .. ,-~,) c. 18l.~3 ekA/u"
    \: ""1-
    ~b T,,::. 1:z.00-R, '=t> "iii'" 5(00.5' 6~/L\c» J t>f"~ .... OlS~.(o. t=oY" ~\N ~l
    fY"lS ... (p., I r..,) 'Pn.. ':. 91.1.1ct =t> h,s ':."l\'.CI~ el\.\.,UD . W,,",, t\.t.~''''~
    e~G\t~~ _ ~,,_\.,
    s-\gk 1 \i\t.\ - '"
    ,,- \l ,~
    ~~,: h.,- \ttl (\,,~-IA·U) = ~3lf. 83 ek\/\b
    T& '=-1..eoo°(l. =t> "i ': . 504.'1( 6t1A.l\b I Pre:: 114.0
    Pr,s -= S,.lS~ ~ h 1 S :: ~ {gO .le.t e~/\'\o
    ~, : h~ - \'\t'l. (h e-~~~) : '3i1.t{'f 6~/l!l»

    ~*tc 5 r:or tk r~fMu~u,r


    ~r.,:, :5t\-_~~ =b h'S : ,,~( h,-k\() t\.t'f ~ 338.~"B~/l~

    (6-) -rk. ~~t wo~ y~ wM,'t \\A.A.~S ()~ o..~ -«.oW\·"" ,So
    Wc.'{\c.\e
    W\
    e, \h,"-~,) +(l.t8-~C\) - (h'1-lA,\ - (h'i-"'~) = 131a/1'3BJ,.,../lb
    ~ -: ('-'<.:._ L,r) +(1.,8 - ~7) ': 2,.q'2. .27 B~"h
    ~
    ~ Y\:::' \I't·4i3 ::: O.tl-b L (+<:,.l..u/c1)
    \ '2.' U ."1.1-'

    1'lt ~ f0W'e.'<' ~etJ4ol0pQJ i~


    w+ =- (qO,ooo ~) (\'3'\.'\3 ~l~s'tsl ~1",1
    - Lt 11 ~ ~p 44 ---------0.-
    Q-'22
    KNOWk> ~ A -k.wboit-t e~~~e. '" ll.~&l'i ~~ ~ CI.'-' o.W--~l«.\.\c(4~c{ bli\.sl~. J>~
    A r~ k.W\OW t\ «.t "" Y i o~ lo (.0..ti'"""'~ .
    E..1..NA: ~tkrW\\Vte (~) ~ &'(~S\.wes OJ#.J.. ~t"Ootl.\rfi, !c.+ ~ fYI~~.\
    ~~ ~(Io) i'fA4. '1~lo(,\~ 0.+ +\\4 ~ol.'tle e.~\.+.
    Se\tpMnc. • ~,,~ S>4-T-":
    T:J:' J4001(
    .-...--,
    T 3
    _--;:;1
    "e .88
    I
    I
    I
    I

    r==4
    Nozzle --..

    s 1
    ~ 5
    • P:s:.21 "'tCll.
    ASSOMpnQNSo·. 5Cllme. e.s \V' ~lC~~le q.l'1. J e~c.ept tte. .... esolo ~ Jtt=~"'to.
    ".NJH8S1 S '. (&.) f~Yst ~ +\.lC eA.~ of +v.e. fY'\",c'l,eaA t>+A-\ec (To.lQle. A- 22).
    ~mt~ Q" To.":. 2:Z.0t.) PA ::. ~2. kYO\. =t> hQ, ': ~\ct." k.J"l~ .1 f"", -:. O.~C.ClO
    sb:a.ie , An ewter9\;J b""tAM.ce. for tkc. et'*\A.ser S\"(~s~ l:> = h A + V-.. 2, _ k\ . """,,,s
    "',:. ~ ..i" ~
    ~2,
    :. ?-\4:\ .C\1
    ~~
    "-T of- .;l 50
    20

    2.
    "MY~11 1N
    '10.'....
    II (5 20
    L
    '1c.T
    \o3N'M
    I
    ::. 2 S1.2 'Z. l'3"{~
    S\~C~ tk-e. f('oc~~~ 'is \se\'\trc:>ric.) r I =(pr\/r r~ ) PCL -::. 3 'I."'" k.PC\.
    ,\a·h.2. FoC" lSe\l\.'h-oI'\c, ('ol'\I\.p'("es~\·o\'\J frz.::=' Prl (Pa./P,) ... B.'tltS3
    a.\\t.l h 1 S -::. all., k:rIlC4J. "",,", ~'f1ce~ressoC" e*ic.\e.V\e,
    :.
    h~ -:. Va \ +~~~:~\) 5'S7.ct 1c.'1'"/~ ) T~ ~ I '2.' PI :: 'i I til. bit \c:p~
    T a ~ '''OOK J 1>3 -=P-z. =t> \.,):' 15/S,42- k"S{(~ , Pr-3 :: 4~O.s
    For 0.. ~~o~c.t J We-I.;,.. ': w~1 oM • ~
    (~~-h\) ~ tlt:.(h 3- ~"5) ~ h'ts :.11(,(,."1'2,. lc\f(~
    ~)fr'ts .. 110. z.B ~
    fLf = ,~ (Pr'ls( ProS) ~ 158,62 "PAw
    ~ h'i:' "''3-
    ~-t(~')-~'ts)':' 120e"'ltf kJ'll<s ~ t>f'i~ (Q3.01
    :S\-cA.t~ s ft'5 ': Pr't ( fs ("") :. Z~.e81 j h s ~ bQllf.46 \c.~l ~

    (~) AV\ eV\er~~ 'ol.\to.M.ce. ~ \-tuL \1.0"Ll-l~ ,\"e,s


    0:: ~'l-Qtst~~)

    ()Y" ~S - J2.\h.. -hs>


    :. /1---(-I2-d-8-.-:1-4---------:---~---

    :. }DOq Mis """~J------------------


    Cj -/2.3
    See. 'Prolof.e.m q,':H, toY" so..V)\.ple ca.l wJ~ ~5. ,hL ~ ~ ~ re;\.l~~ p\o-k 4Y~
    olo-fc...tlAd us,it\j l TJ 't S f.o ttow s: :
    IT code 525 = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2)
    525 = 51 IT Results for rQ = 12, T} = 1400 K
    =
    pa 22 II kPa
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c T 1 = 251.1 K
    Ta = 220 11K h 1 = 251 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_T("Air", T2)
    Va = 250 II rn/s h2s = 511.6 kJ/kg
    p3 = p2
    =
    rp 12 h3 = h_T("Air", T3) T 2 = 552.8 K
    =
    T3 1400 II K
    =
    53 s_hP("Air",h3,p3) P2= 419.4 kPa
    p5 = 22 II kPa h2 = 557.5 kJ/kg
    545 = 53
    eta_t = 0.88 h3 = 1514 kJ/kg
    h2 - h1 = eta_t * (h3 - h4s)
    =
    eta_c 0.85
    545 = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4) T 4 = 1140 K
    =
    mdot 1 II assume a mass
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * eta_t h4s = 1166 kJ/kg
    II flow rate of 1 kg/s h4 = 1208 kJ/kg
    h4 = h_T("Air", T4)
    54 = s_hP("Air", h4, p4): T 5 = 687 K
    ha = h_T("Air", Ta)
    55 = 54 h5 = 699.1 kJ/kg
    sa = 5_TP("Air", Ta, pa)
    h1 = ha + (Va1\2 I 2) * (1 11000)
    55 = s_hP("Air", h5, p5) =
    P4 158.5 kPa
    h5 = h_T("Air", T5) V5 = 1008 m/s
    51 = s_hP("Air", h1, p1)
    51 = sa =
    6. 1m 956.6 kJ/kg
    h4 = h5 + (V51\2 I 2) * (1 11000) In
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1)
    Qdotin / mdot = (h3 - h2)
    =
    p2 p1 * rp

    'PLOTS:
    1100 180
    1000 -
    160
    T3 = 1400 K
    900 T3 = 1400 I<
    140
    800 T3 = 1200 K
    120 T3 = 1200 K
    700
    Vi' 600 T3 = 1000 K Iii' 100
    n,
    l 500
    ..><:
    ~

    .., 80 T3 = 1000 K
    a.
    400 60
    300
    40
    200
    100 20
    o I I I I I I I 0
    6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
    rp

    1200 'D\S U-l~S l"eM •


    t----- T3 = 1400 K • Ge«eVll.~, c).S T3 " l"'OJ'~st-& ~ \.c
    1000 -
    qrea).tA ~ i.~ 1'("~~'r \loA \\AU'(lG4se~
    "5 ~ t4'
    0;
    ..><:
    -..
    """")
    800 - r---- T3 = 1200 K
    ..><:
    ~

    ·E 600 - t-----.
    •As c.o~'('e~O("" ~'('e,~u.r~ r~ ~, ,·u.t4tlA-uJ
    <,
    T3 = 1000 K 0.* ~{& i 3 \~~$ ~ \'~ut lc r~Y'eJ)
    ~\A.,t \,)"5 ~ Vtv~ l~t\-Ie..
    c
    .0"-
    400 -

    200 -

    0 I I I I I I I
    6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

    Q-/2.1
    KtJOWN: A hv~o~e.t e~~\W!. l' o..\\.&~~eJ 0'1\ ~I.\ tA.L("-sf·cuu:(a,V'c:( Io(.(,~is. ~
    Q.ye. "-&/\.OW a.t v~rlou.s 'oeCll.:tio)\.$.
    l)e+-e,('m\Y\e. <'Al +tw. V'4.-\-e of ~e.a..+ ~lh"oJ'\ J \~) ~ p~ssl.A.t"e ~t
    ~ ~,~e exit ,(C.) t"e c.o~~sso-r fOwe.v- in,~ J <.cA) ~
    V.e..loc.\. +~ Q.k tu no'Z.'Z-le. e¥.i.t.
    ~C\tEAAnc. 4"wEN DA-Th '"
    ____ . T,,: 2t.{()O t)1C.
    T
    .3
    -
    I Combustor
    ,
    3 n, 'a .10
    2 '_ _-;;1
    -~ I
    ~~ "l$O~b : Compmsor tlllblM :
    T..... "t')()Clf..
    fl= 'lll.f/l!,,~l!:
    : _---J Pa.(P =,., L:: , I h ~ .q~
    ~ I-~'~ __~
    ~; ,,-. r==-=I
    --.t Diffuser Nozzle --.

    T~~&iU)"fl.. s ~
    a
    :
    -~~-o r~-~
    I
    ~ : ~5 \\ells
    ASSUMpnONS "" S(l.mc. a.S ,.,
    . E)((a..""fIe.
    1

    ~ \ \ 2.. J el(c.ept l\c.-= •~ cu..J. ~t ':. ...


    0 ,
    '5 --.
    _o
    ..r
    ,5L l' f " Z.
    It\"

    AtvM,.'lSH~ '. First) ~~)(. ~.f ~ fY\l'\C,\ptM t>~~s (T(A.Io'e k- 1.~£).


    5!Pk Ck. T~: I.(-z.o°e ~ h~ -::. tO~.3'2. B~/lb " Pr.:' 0.5"1bO
    Stok I fo~ ~ ~i4-~, 0 ':a(h~+ V"t.\/:z.)- h, . TI.\M,o
    h -::.
    \
    \00 ..3 'Z. ~ +
    \.
    'SO &
    1.
    ff's2.1 31,,1,\~ II '8""- t: (ll ·S'~ f!!\'It
    ,,~. A-Isl. ,"'& f+"bof I
    p, = (f:C"~) t>" = (.~~:~) 9 ':. 1~.OS" \bf/in2;
    SfeMe'2. Fo ... is-e~,\"C. ce~t"~S~lO')\..> fr~~:: Pr, (P./P,). to,O(q
    <lMl \\"&. $ ': J.2.1,1..q tnu.1 \~. W \~ ~ (.oW1t"e~-.o('" e ~lC.,e~~
    h~ :: h, + ~~s~:,) :. :ltt3.01 6tu/lL, P2.= \4 PI:' oJ ISC..lo lbt/il'\':
    T!>'= ;2.l{OO oft =t> ~3:' (p11.'l.."'l.. B""-/LIo, Pt". ': 3(g1.lo
    fo(' ...\1.w\'oi..t , Wc.{.,v. Wtt~" ~s hoz.-h,: ~ (\-\,- \a~\ .
    '2,

    ~'\S ': ~~ -~~~-~,)ft\t :. ~1 \.0'\ 84v.,l~.=b- fr'fS ':. 13S.:L~


    ~ It :: \~S I R--3 ) ? ) : ' 51•~l \bf/'\4~ At
    "l\.M.\.) . (D)

    \J~\~~ -\-~ ~\~e. (~l<'~~~ J hit:' h~ - "'t,('-"'S- \1...:.) :. 4S~10 ~I"


    ~5 Pt"s :: f('f (rstp.. ) ': (CSI.2tt) (qIS1.c..()':2.3,~;Ll ~ ~ss:'29tCU ~
    (~) 1k y"~ .of ked" c,._kG:h"~
    is i
    . G\", '=- ~ ( ~"& -h"&.) ::. (ClS~)( ('11.1"l-2c(lo~8fcy'1b 13~:1 "= (,14S")\W ~ c!- (;Il)
    , " 7~
    (c) Tl..f Co~sJor power is ~e: Ml~1.-~') ;~S-(Zl.f3P1-lllSS)IJ,ool::"{.O~SX(Dk:
    tL..:: ee)
    (4) A~ e"e"oa 1"'~~ b~t""lI\u f-v AI'\. is-f'~h-'tJY'''t. ~f'Al1t,·"", ~;\lCJ

    (VS")>s' '2.( 1.,4 .l.,r1) =- 2( %~.1 0 -Wl.'l~) !~f~S:: W2o~ ::o;1t t 1= q. 'ltli Kat ~
    ~ "') ~ '-t~ ~ ~o 13te 12 fr'~ It 1'\ t'-t/ f~. C:, • '19 "
    ""S,: l ~)t Jy\; -:: 300"(. o f1' h

    q-/25
    KNOWN: An (t~e("bW("~er is ~e.e( '\0 ~e. \uKboj(,t \~ Prob\-eM,.~6
    rIND: D.e-+en~~lAe. ~ v~loc:~~ a.t fu l1.o·z:z..\e ex-~t. \o,;v..vo..
    "lb'
    ~L$MAf!G Q blV&IJ DM1r: -r \ /300 '<
    I " .. ... '1

    f--{.~~
    I 1
    I ~-_.- '-::-L
    ,,;, ·5'
    T'f' :. 1300 ~

    A>SUMPl1011S '. EXf,""S(~ 1krowr'" ~ no'Z.'Z.I~ ·IS ;'entT'oPfc. . .s


    ANA'YSfS: Po r -fU "5 ell\-#n:Jpic. process
    Prs ' -=(Ps/r..,) Prat' :. ~~S~.(PL. )(330. q):: '-15.9<15

    ~5'= siz.u l,:r(~


    -r1Au,~) fu V\o'l."L\~ e'i"t '1e.\o~'" is

    v-.s = J2.£ h'i' - ~ 5)


    =-)z.( l~qS,'ll-~l2.1l)
    I· co""r""'j +k..'t refl41+ ·+'"
    H, .. t-1 'PA.fI.&It>ktCl·Tb J w-e SE"e -+t......:t- +t...A. (..(r~ D-f
    1•.10... aN\.
    o.fk,lo)wher"" "",c.reAf40,f ~ ~it lIeloute, I q"ci +",",",1' ~ e.""lh~ t..h!:us't.
    kNOWN'. A-Vl ,,-{'fer-burner i~ o-.M~ +0 Ihe /-urlocpje-f I~ Probf.e m q. 1-8' '"
    FIND:
    7'1
    .J/ek'r()1}·Vle fl"e ve Joct/-lj
    ' L
    err 'The no z zle eK:
    ~
    ir. \J'
    ~'\' ~
    ~,-r-

    :sC ttE.M ,tn, $' CIt VG\J P.4m-: I DR

    \
    4 \
    \
    \
    \
    5'
    5's
    s
    /tSSUMPTLON: No?,z,lfl. <9pe.ro-fLOV\ is 0-6L0..ba.(..ic. w i-U.. J1N =-O.'l:t.
    ANALYSIS: Far: ic1ea( e.xpansloy\ +~rotl~h "'ltt. ~'Z:z.'~
    Pr 5.s I = (PsiP4/ ) Pr-4'
    FroM Talok ,4-2-2E:. ~ i?"If :. 2S<',~. rkus
    Prss ' :. qo. w 1 =b h5sI ::. s3{p;~'1 6kt./lb

    In fhL i& W CtM...e.


    v-; '2.
    [J = hlfl - (["ss' +- l~)s
    )

    (~7,)
    '2- S
    ::. hu'
    -.
    - hs s '
    or (VS i, -=}2 (h'j'-h S &' )
    (5"CoOS9-11CD,~'\) Slu.1178 .f/-.IJ,f I·" 32.2. IIo·fH.s' f
    lb l ei« 1 It t
    :: 33 S:2. .pt{ s
    Usc ~~ -tl-te.. \ItO'2:z..\e. e«--u:. i%'\~
    \Fs"2. _ y\ (VS1,)
    --z, - tJ -Z. r;>

    lIS :. \1n~ (\fs)s ~ 1'2. (5" #[S.....


    41--- ......:;;..
    "~OwN ~ A\,- 8"-\erS tWL c:t\H'\.\.se,r et t\. Y"~~jQ.t WI,",,- ~OW~ cow4tl~.
    Tk.e. k~A:h.AN"e.. o.H-er Gcm\bl.ts~ is ~c.if,~.
    fCND: US\~ OW\ 4Lr- s-m.~&.Q.r"e.t. an(A~"!.is J o.e.te\'"M'~e. ~) ik
    fr~s$tNf.e.
    V\o'Z,:z.le.
    ""*
    e. IT.
    ~
    ~ cliHuse.r e~·Lt 6..\Ul (b) #.A. ve..\oC:~ Q..t ~

    ~w6MAnc.. i ,,,/E~ J>NPIs ;


    3 '2oCd'ft
    ~~ i~i~ {~r
    --+----- *
    .'
    1""'------'I - - - - I: ~
    ;~~ i I
    ~l

    1';:' 'floDR, \1';.'" 0 T)-: 2.000 o~ I Pu": ~ Ilt1flill\'2.


    P, ~ (0 \bH i~~ T

    \1';':. 1l9oo ~5
    s
    ASSUP\eTl.D~~ ~ (() eD..C~ c.OMpO~e\l\.t i~ o.\I\.o.~"t.d as cc control VCJLt.A.M1e. o.t
    ste~ '5ta.~. ('2.) TkL ~\'\o\hU.S\-l~ froc-et;S "' S V\I\.OckdeJ tA.S eo... c.o",,4o.u..t
    p'C"€ssuxe. ~~t 4.~+LO\\.. (3) ,.M c:l:'*~!Jer (t~ hO"L"t.le. C9F~ lS~h-q)\·CA\I:1.
    (~ N~I~et k.(",~e.V\er~~ A.t \oCtl.h.ot\.s ~ ~ ?>.ls) T~ wot'b~ ~~ is
    ().W" VV\&J. e.l~&. a. S (A."" \ ck W ~ e, s .
    .bsN~'(~\S~ <A) for -t'~ oli.{-tUS~"',j 0~ lh,,"\f'"~Z.) - h'L. . ~)
    "'~:= h
    \
    ,,"'G.'Z-
    "Z-
    = l~O.~2. + lfJeo 2f'-2js&. I '\Jt
    '2.. ~.2 ll,·
    I f7 78'8~
    .J., ~Il L .ff . Il,f
    I
    :. IS I."f I 8fu/lb
    -nw..S) Pt"z. = Z..tfl1't o-v.J. p.1 '" (Pt"'&/o
    \ n) nf :.2512.
    ,' \"f/l~7."'f---
    .~
    _ _ r~ 'I). .

    c/-:» A~ T1= 1..0 00°R, J T ... ~(-e


    A-, LG 5' oJ~S hJ =504-.1"1 B"'I/I:J.) Pr'~ = 17+. fVr 11.1-\ ,. HI" tru-p"c.
    e'jCpo.VlslO'l\ tkrl>"",'" 1Wt ",o·t:z..\-e.
    f\''t ~ P(3 ( P'i-/p~ ) ~ 0.7 4 ) (lo [zs; ~2) = 41·4
    h Lt = 33 c=t.4S" P.>,,",J~b
    ~ V~o(."ty .\.~ ~ trOM
    o ~ ltl 3 - (~'(t- ~2.)
    err ~. ~ j 2.(h'3-~'i)
    '=- jz. (50+.1 3 3~·" 1- S- ') I B\u
    -n;
    13'1.'1 \1o.f+Is,2.11 'l1e flo· \bt I
    \ \bE- , fb~
    = 2'0'18 ft/5., V7t
    EIND~

    s
    A~SOMPTLoN§ ~ (t) 1i~lI\ COrnpOlleV\+ is G\.V\C4l~ LeA o.S e, c.oVt+.-t>l VO".... r~..2 ec.+ Stead~
    S+a.:te. •(;l,) The com bOrst-lOY\. pY"t>c.e~s 'is VV\oc.lc=!.\~ ~s o: um~-k-.~+ p'f'es.\u('oQ. heat
    (k~d..~+t·o\'\.\.?» The. cl~·H·u.se,Y" C\V'\A Y\.o·z;'Z.le c>~ro.te. i..seV\+rc:>piCQn~.\.4) t\I~~\ect
    ~l",'*lc. e.1I\e.Y'"'5~ cd lo.e.cc.t~o)l\.s. 2. t -' C\~&t Yl~\e.t,~ po+e:A...\.Cll ev"~V"S'j +kI"OWjkOUt:
    (5J 1'l1e. W()rk.'~~ ·H\A,I.Gol ".s CUr" 1M<,cJ.ele& fA.~ CA.V\ l~eG\.l 8tA.s.
    ANM.N~)s ~ (~) Fer +he oti'lfu,s-er; 0 =- (h,+ ~z.) - h2
    Thus h -=- h -to ~ -=. 2.40. 0=;2.. ~ ( toq t{. ~ ):- t\'J2. lN 1 k:.J"
    '2. '2- \<'5 + 2. S2. I ~ > ""Is" t0 3 tJ·~
    l lc:.J/~
    : l{ ~1.
    I:V\+erpe>lo.t,'kfj \11\ TOlb\e h-ll j T2.~ 41'\ K 4~ f~ = l.lql
    Thev-ek>r=e (fl) =(1O~~~~5'
    P-z. ::. \:;~ Pl
    lql \J(40 kPQ.) :=. 453.0 I<P"'-tlIli1..ak-- P.:-
    (b) State. 3 \s -KxczJ... \''j U>Vl.S lc.\cz.t"l'VSj +he. heed- G..M<:+ lOlA. fYoc.ess
    0:: ~ \~ t- ~ ( h 2.- ~ 3 ')
    or h~ =. ~ + h, ::. lO~O +4g=t. ( -::.lScPl.1 k~/~
    AflQ.tM. »+rOM Talo\e A-2.2) T~ ':$ 143 ~ K J Pr 3 = sos.o
    For- lsetA.+rop\~ <")(PCA.","S\~ -\-\I\('oU".5'-' +~e V\.C)1.-z.\e.
    Pr~ =- (f'l /P3) Pt'"~::' (4014~5.0)(50~.(») =l.(Lf,~O =I> h'{= ~OS"l~ ~
    o
    Th.e.. \(€'loc.1+~ 'is obkJ..~t.\etA ~OM J 0:: h'"$ - ( ~ 'f + ~2.)
    or ~-::.j2(""3-h't)
    :. j~2-(-I-S-{P-I-I---~-O-S-"Jg-)-~---I·-o""'''tJ-.~----.,,-\-,-l~-'~-fS-~-\·
    · .....:; I \ k.:l" 1 tJ

    =. l2 '2...q ,., l s -a.ar--------------------........:-

    q-12-q
    p~o St.EM Cf, 8'3

    ~()WIV: A +wrbofrop eV\.~l~e.. is <U\cx.~~eJ O~. Q..~ <tw--S\a.w:la. __J. lo~sls.


    DQ.ta. Q.V'L IUt.cwY\ o-t- va.rWu.$ loc.o..hons,
    EUvQ: D.t+(.~M\i.\e. (1) #L power c(el."e~ee( to tiuz.. fC"0~ll eY"J CJ.M.ct(l,)
    tl.e. ve,loci.~ o.k -HU. n.o -z.z.le. e~·\. T.
    SC"6MMt~ ! wi VSN J>A:re ~ .
    '" Qin

    T 3

    ASSV~PTlotJS: S",rne 4S ;11 E'lm.tIA(:>Ie. ~"2.1 eltC.e.p1:. ttc Itt .. 0.85, 2

    AN.4LVS,S: F,rs:"" +-tX <!4ck of t'k pw"li'\c.ipal s~tes (rOoble A- 22),


    ~Me. 6.. Ta ~ 2.'10 Ie. ~ 1-14, ~ 2.~D.o'2. k.~/fcj J PrO. ':. o.es s s
    S-kl.te. ( An e"e"9~ blL!~~ lor ~ diF~ser 8lv'cs; <:> =(~e. t ~ '2. -b Ttw.~
    1 I
    I •

    h, : ~'" + \li/z. ~ 2,\(0.01. k~ + ,eo z OWl'2./ s2.1 I N I lid"


    .., '2. I "1'M(SZ. \O'N'l\A
    ::. 2 5~. 2. '2. ":r l~ ~ Pr, -:. 0.'1' '0'2..
    PI=C!.r,/p('fA.~\'\ -:.. 50.'2.<t kP",
    5to.1e '2. FoY" Q.l'\ iseM.trop\.c. ~"'t ...ess (0- J rr'''$ :: (!2-/R ) Roo, = 7.~Cl02 =t>h~s: ~S."5 ~
    U.S\)\5 ~ CO'rAf(esso('eff'c.ieV\~ 1 n.,,: h\ +lkt~~h,).: 537.<t k~l~
    sto.u 3 Tb :. IIll0 ~ h 3 =-1201. '.51 \c:~/~ Pr ~ :. lcr~., J

    SWe"1 Fo..- iSt,,,,;f"owu (,. eXfQ,t.t..sl~) R--'t~ :.(p\(/p~) Pr'3 :r.~o ) 1'\3.\ =J~.\ql\,
    ~ ~ hits :''''3Lf.o~ ,,;r /l~. lAS\~ ~ +u.v", ~e.~~7.JlGI~Glj »
    h~:. ~~ - ~~ ( ~~ - ~'t~) : "120.0Q k.J" tJc,) fC"'~ =- 2.1. eo
    S+o.fe. 5 fe'S :'(PS/f'i ) Pr't = 2.3.8lf ~ hs -=. ~1".1' 1<~/~
    (~) Tke. fOWq.(" deh'v~('"@c£to~ 'f'C"'of..M.er ~s

    Wp -:. W-t - w~ :. ~ l<ho-h~) - ( \\"1.-~,)1


    .:.: CA~)cr.. P/ll, : (~1.1 ...31s)(4'1.lo'fNI...,l) =eta." \1:9
    f l ' .... ~ )('2. io Ie) ~
    G~.'I'" e-,.~

    ~ vip ~ (48." ~)((I'l.OTST - :no.o')-(511',ij-2,)<'.2.t)]~ },~~~/S}-:

    (h) A'I\ eV\e~'1 'o(A.~C\lAc.~ -roT t(u 'V\C) '2:z.\~ ~ ives

    VS =/2(hlo(-h 5 )
    ~ /2 (7zo. 0 -(g.,~.li) ~ II Ic.,; :;1$'2.
    1 fl 'Ott; I
    '3

    :. 2O,fD.1.f rn/, .... .__


    PROIO(;EM 1, 84~

    kNowN: A turboprop e.r1~\Vte is e:tYled'12.ee:;f OV\ Q.Vl ~lr Sfo..Vl~CO,c.( bCt.sis,


    Dcdet GlY"~ k.~owV'\ a.-+ v« r ioc..u Ic cCtt tOY}.S,
    DeMrM l'V\e the.. pow« olehveY"e~ +0
    (0.) +he. prope-LlGrJ Q.Y\c( Cb)
    the. vet<9<:.iftj ~ +~e V1o,:z,le e-Kt t.
    5ClfEMAnc.. ~ Gl VE.N DMd: ~ Qin
    '2 \ oo°R. , 3 _"'c~H.(: =.27
    , ,..
    1~:::tIO()D~
    " ~~\\'" ~__ 2 '---_-.J

    \ P-. : 11.1ln'/J~Z. ~I CQlrtpr~S$Or


    .-;-.:l I
    '#$ ,'I A I

    5:S~~~:~~·~~';i~:' ,,1,,_ q d~
    ---..l Diffuser Nozzle ---.

    ~j ~I
    ~ -~ Vj = 0 ~
    P'1 ::1.$' 11rf1,Vl'1. -~
    1 Ps ~ 14Ib~/,~'"
    AS5UMPnDN~: (/) EacVt c.OVl'1('onevti: is y ze&. as a. con-m:,1 CHl cd volume. at s+e~
    sfa.fe ,(2.) The di+fu.~er process is iseV1+ropic. ~Y\d. +ke. tuHlo I "i.1e.\ c..e~(es~o(j
    oferGltll. a.crlC\loc.(:H<.a..l~, (3) ~xc.eptatfJ,e I'Klet ail\c.( elClt ef #Ie
    tAV\.vt \l\o'Z.'Z..le
    eY\~l~e) klL-1et-ic... eV\e~lj e~ec+S c.o...~ be. Vl~lected , p()+~V\+l~1 eVler~Cj efreofs;
    (kre V\~\i~\\')e. +\A r o Wlin ov..:t ,, (4 ) The tvO(k.\·\.I\~ -tlu..i& is o.lr mod-electa..sC\V\
    id.ea.l ~ ~~,
    ANALYSIS', Flrst J fl)(etA.~ o-tt~e pn"V)clpCl( s:tcdf's Crable A-22E.),
    S~: T4 ~ 4<pooR => 1-1(4 ': I~q.q() ~k-t/lbJ P,..",,:: O.1Q 13
    5fa;tel: AYl eYleY"~':J b&tlo.lIlce !err fLte. otif.t<.u~r~We.s
    h :. k of- ~'-
    l 4
    ()O ~ l"1.0 2- -H"2fs 2.)
    Z. - lQC(.'1
    I lOf
    ~Io + 'Z..
    I -32.2 l!"#/Sl
    II ..,.,~I Bk'- 1
    ftolbf r

    :: u S, 10 13\-<A/ tb =:> Pn = o. (r~ ~ 0 l{


    P, =,(Pr./p,.a.) Pc.. :: 14.(ClS- l/e,flaiA"L
    sfa;fe2.: FoY" t"d£Q{ c.c~pY"~s:sioY\j Pr2s :(Pz Ip,) PrJ:::' g.4'l41(P =t>hz~:':U~.1Co~
    U~l"v\~ the. C-OM.rr--eS$or e~k,eV\Ctj
    1A2. ':. h.+ (\.12.~-h,)/I1.c. :. 21(,lttt> .BkA./lb
    ~ T~:: ~\ 00 oR =t> b1~:. S ~2.sS- 0-k.c/lb J ?('3:: :ll'"l. l
    Sfa,i<2. Lf', For id.eo.l eX:(Ja.nsli»\.J' PY''is::' (P'lIP3) Pr~ ::. l.( I . S"o~ ~ h'ls:: ~"!>q,l BkAJllo
    WI~~ -t"'e.f1..wbl~e ef+\d(.V\c~ _ _
    hl(:' ~~- htC~?>-h'l$) = ~CDl(.ll13-kt/tb =P P"4::' ':>3.$"15

    51wk. S5: Pr s: s :. (Ps I r-; ) P"'«t ::. 'l~.f!>fl!.7 ::t> hs s -= 2q~.1 ~ BJ.v./lb
    (a.) The fOwer c(-e! l'veY"ed io .."he. prope-Uev- is
    Wp :: VI t. - Wc. :: nil (en 3- hy )- ( Itt ~ - h,) J
    Ev,a..lUAfiYl,9 -rt-Je. rYlA.tS -{--Lov.) me..
    1'i1 '::. @V""J~ PGo. _ (3 0 , 0 DO #3/Ml lA) ( l:t l~.f" k1.) 114 '4 ,·",'2.1 :: '2. n'S.I IhI r»tlt\
    RTt'.. - (.lS4S H· lbf)( '(<Door< )
    ;lB, q1 Ib"D~
    I 1 ftz.. .

    q -/3'
    Thus fhe. power i.s.
    J

    W·P ::.(~1I31.Th.. )("~ty\\~\ f(S"3'2.sS"-~~q.11)-('-11.l(CD-I/S.30j1BJuI I kp


    • W1in t "" 'J L ~ \b ;2.5'15 &Ju/k
    I
    :: 2S1"fo~p ~~ .......;..

    C~) For ({ltl idea! -litrOtl'''''- -+11e.


    eXpC<V1cSL'crt-\ Vlo'Zzfe
    0: h" - (~ss + \fS:z:2.)
    or
    V;s =- }2 ("'4 - hs s )
    : Jz. ( 1(gt{ .11- 2q~.1'l) 132·2..1 '776 I = I Clt{~,~ #/s
    FrCJm +l1e t(e+&Vt it,oVl ~ rtD 2.z,te e+f.LctevJ c~
    V5 = 1Vl; VS So :: V(O.Cf5)' ( 1~4 S"S)
    = 11<:t2'. tz -Ptl S-Ef!!~----------~
    t:"-IOwAJ': S~c<.o.d'i-sto.t't. op... ro..nff\!j c:£.o..+~ C'o"~ p.,..,v,ued ~r CL _ _ b,'"eQ c"te£c power
    piA" l: IA.t':l"j he/,·vIA-\. ~ w~ clloO ..,.... ww-Ic4'/I'\' .j:./u,~s.
    F II,,) 0: D. ~...-...:"'""- (, -- ) 1'~ .........a s J-t (I lA> r.. ret 0 f. T kat. S foe - - c:l c.a:»o ,
    A "\ .'1'\" '"
    ",-H.a:,
    (/:)) -t'- _or po~ J~ ~,.e-:Jb::1 ~~ '43 +"""'''ra-t«. Q,"" V~O".. cycl-er"
    ~) -t~ +'u...~ ~'cAe/l'\cl 00 't~ eo_1o ,'""eel eye/e,
    Scwt~f'C'Tit &G.tlleN l)1\-TJ1o: A~t'IIMP-rIO~.!:

    /. Ce~ fotD.' Vo'''W\rr elo4C:Lu s,·",~ .... /...Q..


    P"'I'\ e ,('...1 C.Ch4'''' 0 ~ 111': 0.. \" e, ~i-

    P3 =pz
    s -fetAd'1 rl-.:fe..
    3 T3 = 1400°F 2.. Tl\cr< ~te 1'\4) s-fv.y £.leA. r ~~f'"
    o..lI\cl. .Je,; 1'1 e k c. tUt.<:I f 0 #'#"",. ~
    e. JI\ er'J'f effec:~s (..4t.I'\ OA. i,~I'e.d .
    .3. I-ok.liv"","'; ~de led 4.',) eVt ld.a...l
    ~4S wd~ cOi/l,.silA ",t cp:: t;/21C J
    K; 1-(,.7 (TAble.. A-2.E eo)

    Helium I A""A~'rS'S: l?le~ ..~":;, ."Al"",,1it'j


    p] = 200 Ibflin 2
    T] = 180°F c:Lo..;...... 0.+ pM"" ¢4' p~ ~ .......te~.
    m, =8xlO s lb/h Saturated vapor
    Heat exchanger =
    Ps 1200 lbf/in, z He-HuM: lAli"'j ECf· '·ffS""'"
    1'-1 ,·e.l-1
    9 T~s; 1\ (~) -;:: ('4ol<.(::) H",
    = 11I'-.I,"·~
    1'-1 "Col-'
    Pump
    II p = 100% T~: ,,(~) 'i: ;: "'0 (;-;)"rr?
    Steam cycle = lo ,,,. ~n 0ll.
    '1t: ': "'~ -,,~ ~ ~('T:s -7>,.)
    ~l71-T,.S)
    l'\')-"',,"S

    ~ 1li- -:. T, - Vlt (T) - 7"'0/


    = 18'0 - a, i' ('8'0 - lo"Sl)
    : I 1.'2. 5". '2. 0"
    ~c::: ltz.s-", ~ .~lii.s-Tj)
    Cooling water
    TIO =60°F "'~- 100\1 ~ LTl. - T,)
    ~ Tz.: 1i -+ LTu-1i)
    ~
    S~W\: Td,le A- 3E) 1,.;: Ui~.., €1f-t...1lh • T"""'~ A-'i6,) ~ c.." 0..... (til'!' - ''1-0)
    D·S
    l-l~, 13':1f.~ Bh-/lo. T.... t e A-t(;,lita: c.f·1'i-6lv/lh ::: 12'U·.1.c1~

    ~7 ':- "'of'" "'/.7 "f, ': b1·'T'f -t ().~ (/01(,) ~ tooe.r» 1S~"b .
    Alr~_Y\q, ~ ""c!> -t u:e ,6cr _- ~4.lf'f ~
    L
    Lb
    ~ fO'~I'" fC)(IlCf'~/.,."l!!t)1
    10
    ~~~I&fl ==i'3. 12. 8/1.../ I/,
    oft.. nrn

    Cool."" ~o.ter :
    h,o AI "'L"{ £7'0)-:' 2.i.Oi'lJ\-/I~) hu ~ "'flltl ) ~ S8.or (J"."../Ih

    CA) EVAluo.+c. -\'- _ u rtu...., ,_'roe. "1 ~ s+c....""", '0,:) Jho-..a.";) 1, 0.. c.colf',tvo I VDlv"""-A-
    .e ... e..Lotir\~ ~"-- ~ ..... .vl.e~ • Me<SS' 1.0'\«\ e.""'~""S't ~ lo,.t ..""e,..t...o

    t-eL,c.~ 1v rV'4.~S= ~1l~I#-",J = ~.9e,(T4--r,)


    [\-\r-"'" J (k S"-k'lJ

    j-/33
    PRbBLEfo't q.8'S LCe~fc:L~)
    'TlI\$4' r: ~V\") 1/4.\14•.1 J e:,o = siz.. R.. :. ~ (1~~::3 ~~ItJ =t- '2. 't lS.ft,..jl6. oft.

    W\S'; (i'Y..fO'" I&{h)( \.l.~ B-h...l1b '~I( )l.'UCo2. - G.40J = 6'.2.3 X.I()~ ilL
    t UB3.Q- r3.12.J h:
    Fb(' A. c.o"" -!Yo I voLu .....e eo .... c...t.o .si~ -r'- C4;0/ll,d fllots-e0 /A4AS&' 4JA.J e ~07 Y'll-f<-
    ~(Cl"'CI.f re~c~ -w ")'~

    ~ = ~\ <. ~7 - kg) ,:(6.1.1 ~/OS-) (IOOl.,,,,,- f.1.:n·]= r. (,a )(fOT- it


    k" - ~IO (.E8.oi - ~8.o8 )

    (~) \'-",c+ power developed Ittl 1'''''- ,q.r ~ .... b '·.... e c..;.

    W, ':. Wt. - We": tt,,.l("~ -,) - (.. ~-~,)] '": ~,cp l tr,.1¥)-(T~-1i)]
    =(C;'tloS'.J")(V1.'lIt-.)l(&a~o - IU';;l.) - (11.1S'.!- '40))"1( =S.Cf31< ,l e/cA..
    lb· 0/to k.

    Tlo..o -*' rOl.Al~r c:J.-ee lIeluped .,~.,..... v-,or C'yc.Ce ~

    Ws ~ ~i;. _ '.At, ':. ~s\l\o\c.- "1) - (I" - h,)] ': (-;.2.3 ~'OS' ) (fIl rf·lJ - /oot.N)- (11.'2.- " .1y.D
    ~ lll.+cf)< 107 B""/A.- ~ 4)

    .....
    .
    ~4r Ws
    '

    Q'1I'l\ * <\i"l~
    W\1 t ~1-"~) ': ~ CpC1j- T~) ': Ci~/Of'~'XI. '2.'1- ~~/~)(t8(.o - 12:3S'.t)'l
    = ".1! y..IO'" 8~/~
    ~s (h(.-~!,):: (>.2.1,£10('")( 13Tt.~ -1l&"3.1) -:. /o.I'TX(fllJ"-'''-

    (j,'3 -" ".,,-cl)-L 107 _ O. 32. ~ (32.. ~~ ) cc)


    ~1.q8+ to.rl-) 1.(:)7"

    cQ'V\- ~e"", [h'l-h.o]


    T'-'M\ . '= ""'1 (~1''''~)
    J
    ( 48.76'1./0 "" )
    = 1-
    Cr1.1 f'/-/o't')
    ~NowN: operA+i"'j dA.+.... 0."«' prov~d~d ~r 0- eo-.loii'te4 ~4S +W'"I0.'''1~- v""fOor
    poWtlr plor\+'
    FINO: \)~~..-;""~ (A) ~~U f-LoVJ rc...... .r of+k~ a.ir, sfe'c...""", , 4Kc! O:&ol,'~
    WcAo"--\"J (.10) ......... ~ ... pO""".". d.e v-c.wpc.d b';) -t1- S4J ~Ir1;I1C. o.",cl -H- Vo-,oor
    C'1c.\-c 1 (e'reehl/.lO 1 (c.) +&.... +~,..~ ~·u'fl' tt\.e., 1~ ~~Lc1,..",ed ~'1 e L.e/
    (d) ...t- IN.+ ~ ~ ... ~....; CAJl"r.'.ec-J o~ c..u.'~ -f'G...t ~~+- ~"Y'l ~~
    (~) f ...... ......t- I\+-b. ~~ cA Cf.,r"..'9.j oJ w.·f(... ~ Cc>ol&'~~ w""ter.
    ~ c ""-_.....J::4. Co ~ Co ,II."" 1>-.;....:

    V!j"OY" C..,e~ CoD I i.,w....t er

    Sl..i~ TCOc) ,.t...,)


    7", @ d ..~ '0 , lio = to 0(,
    L
    3
    -
    J'Z.S"O Ii-
    "
    7 5"00
    12.S"
    I,S-
    611ke '~"J l i l :

    AtsvMP7'O~~:
    '3SOc...

    B 0.(
    I. Se e.
    10
    S- 2.00 I
    I
    'l S~+. \t'~. 0., Qssu_"h'~
    of E)c4h"'-,olC, 9 .'3
    1-5

    Y\c. -:. isoto) 't'\t= i?% V\-t= C:H> % ~ "'f::' 100 0 / 0 z. "0: 2.0 0 C'jpo":. (I:>A r-

    ci'W\= soHW

    AUA'-YSIE: 8.~ii'\, b~ .1I~Il>Ah·lI'\j eH~",,-h,...l ~".c-('k, et.o.~.

    b& s Tur b ,tv ~ At- 2. Cft Ie J T.,. bl f' A-1..l. ~ V 001 l1 I '= 2.Cl'. 2. «» I le?.1
    PrJ'1.s ':. Pt;{ ~) ': ,'! ~""J(N) :. lB. Cf C. ~ £'2.& '= 432. C/ ~
    (.(Si~"""" ise...hor'-c. c..o~.s.sw Affa'e.".·4Ke..,)

    "'1.=- ~\ ....
    C.~f-~') ~ z.~'.l.~ (",~.",- Zlli,~.l) = loq/.~ !2.
    ~c.. • 9'~ '"
    A+ 1'3:' 1'52. '3-==-) "'3 -:.lC.c.l.1 "~ ) Pf,l ~ "-+,,q s .
    f(,,,,~ ~ Pr,lL ~ ) ... "'ff .qr( fq,) .... ,""S,8 ~ ~ h."s = 8/2. V-S ~o/,:::.S
    US"~11"- \~-c",,~jc:. fu..Y~i~ ~·cA.lI\.~ )

    hi -: 11'\ - \-\t-l~l-""'6-S):: U.c.. 1.1 - o . ir( tc.,]·, - &12. 'f f)-: t:t 2,J.1.. ~J!.9
    A~ T)::. "'''3~) ~r= 41-S, !,,~ I,=, J s,,"= 2...If,2.r~O/~,·JC...
    <D VO:fOI"" C",c.l~: S-\-eA"",,"TA.bles ,,'~ +Iv fo'(ou,),,~ d.~+-...:

    P7::'l~SbAr, T'l'=SOOoC.:) 1\7'= 'J3'1-1.~ 1r:.\T1t:., ~S7'= C-.4r./i",,~/r:,·/C


    585'= ~.., ~~ G.. "~18- O.<o"-U 'So 0.,,:,£""
    7. S"oo,\
    ~8S':. li\~ '" ~8S(~1):' IQl·8'3"'{O.l'l"-1)('Z.l cU.e)= 20~'.0, tc-3/t:j

    ~5 -:. h 7 - ~ t Ct,,- ~ 8~ ) ": "3~ '4-1.8 - 0.' ( '1'3'4-1. S - "Z. 0 ""i u1) :.2.1 T$'. C. ~:> 1l;J'

    ~, -:. \q t. ""'~5 '3


    h(.~ l-\1~ "cr~p':. \Q\·tt3.E +r..o,G2.....JX\~~.<tYJoS"1!.) r I"J 1=20'f.rteJ/~
    \C~ \. '/"OS ~, *1.- \ ,~".... '::J

    Cool '1"2 w",.J.e..1' : h 10 ~ h.f('l.6~ h co 'VIC. "J/~ J hl/ ~ ~.f ("lSOC hi"''''' t ,e.:J1t:s
    45'0 ~~.f (lOo,):: o,t.ti,c,te;JltlJ,lc) ~'l ~ S'f(tfCl() ~ O.S'r3 r:.~ I /Cs~J<..

    Q-/3S
    FOr A ~ -h-oI ve l u IN\.C" e "'~ J ,. ~ + L...a. c..1'4,d:1t.1: 'Iv". I ""'-A U' A t1. d -(l>""~ ... ,.:;,

    ~ b........•.. -'c.( A&,d..." CA. ~~ n


    Qj", ':.. ~Qf (~l-~~) ~ 1M"f ~ ~
    ~ i"l _
    -
    SO Yo ,US t<-Cl/S ~ 5/A·{ k~
    1-~"1.) 4"3.Cf- c.'I."')~/~ oS

    fD~ Do- e,.e,,,,,~l V"Ol.Vtt-\e. ell'\c(o,""'j +-&...a ~ ~C ~J tU~ ~

    ~s:: ~t(l.\'1--"'S") ': (s"1.+t-=,/sJ(CS2.3,1.-"n S,3) -7-3tl ft:.'


    "" - .,,, (J3Y./. B- z.o+. s;) ~ T

    (II» T""-.. ~aw~dA~~cl 0d +e-.- ~AS ~ ... b, ..;;.


    W~ ':. ""t. -'We.... ~, l (~)-"'t 1- (kvl.t. lJ ~~ , ~')l(l~U.,- 'fl.l. '2.) - (,'1/." - z.,~.1.y~
    ~ s I 10 ~ .. S
    l:r, eGo$'"& ' ' 3; \':. 11.8'sMW

    w~ . . ~t -wp.. . ~s[ (,'\1-&'2:1) - (k."-~1)J


    ~ (j.1'/-\ \?,)~1.8 _ >.nN) _ <... ~."'-111~1~~ = ~. 'f,,·pl~

    (c.) ,~~~ 11i~-C1 ..;


    'Y\ ':.. ~,.It -J.:s ': ,'·i~" + g. '"-1' "; o, s~7 (,S2.7 °4)
    Q,~ se
    ld) T~.-;t~~~~ ~-rl'~d o~'''tf.- ~~f D\.s"rL.o
    D

    EfS-- Efl ':. ~,(~r-e.,) w., L<."~-- ~I) -ToC s~- ~~ - ~yr/" )J
    -:.
    :. G>1'~l~')\ . - '1,*~ (2.1C.1.~ _I.,-,n)] a
    S L '-"7'.1 ' - 'l.'t'2 F:> I IMWr.:s J:2.o~~W ,o~~~

    (~\ , . "'"- + ~ eo~, 'j c.;


    IW T J\4. e, u.r'" .. ~ cl (> u..t- '~t'u- c.oo Ii",,, W" f t".~ ,,;,
    ® Ei la - Er\O ::. ~cw ( ef l\ - E".ffU) ~ ~e""'L k" _"'0 -To l Sll - S,o)J
    ': t'Z.31.I f,) l (l'H•. "~ - 'U."'-) - '2.ct3 (0. W\'3 - 6.Z.'''.')] 11o:s{ = 0.1>' MW
    I- ~i"ce. ~VI"'J' ",-d.eJIJ-./~ 1· ... -J#,~/.n~ ....; -r..../~A-'l-J S~'-~
    st.,ie7
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    Ia,.I- ""'" vo"~d io AQ,h'i~,,~ ~ d",~.
    "J:"'t c...",
    2. COl'\f;dH.bl~ eIU.",:,,,;, CA~"·fleJ. ou..6 wHk t~ COCJI;",S u.",:te~: iMc",,( ~,.-~'o) :: 1C/.S'V4lV.
    ~....t ~,~e -t~ c..Pali"'.s u..,h,.. il -.+... ~ ".'., ...tec..v- +t~"4~r-t. ~.s
    ~t\\\~ I At~Q""S~d " .. ~e..rt'1J &oCa... J.......,.. Al$O; l'\ete 1"~ eo.,.r .. ~e"'''ole ~-e.V"fJ\;/
    1\ c..... ~l·ecl O~ ~ S. T~~ _;kt ~ e¥,olo"~ b~ +'-\e "E"'~"'flrl/lhu4L eA-pP"'-f1lJtc.J,...
    d.\~c.uued ~ he. "T or ba ofl-..o,. IMJU\.V\ S.
    «-iz:
    ..KU OW4J: 0 p-er4l.~·"'j ~~ ~"c.
    po~.t" pl""t; j"" wM.:c"- 'l,t'" A",et wA+er'tlAfUr-tf4..fe..
    prov,'ded ~ 0.. '
    c:.o~"j.... edet4 fc.v-~;.,e
    - v'1"er-
    -te.... wtltrl4'''j .f'v,Cis.
    ~: Oel-r""""""~e (14) -r~ ""-U r'o,""
    r"o..+<.r' oD At'r o..~cl ~....,) (10) i'£o.t..
    f"e"'~-t ~fft'C4'tV\('i j ~ <:.C>koo\bi';ed cyclc..J "",d cc) c.. ~ll ~-C?"d­
    Accov"'h'W\j of +~ + e.,c;e ...~ i..,c.re~s~ of +~ ~.·r fA.SSI"".j +~+
    -ti- Co.- b v8h~ tYfc. +t.....a ,~ ~rkY"~e...
    ~~'iM"f"tlC a
    ,,&V~~ l>~.,.~:

    A~SUM.PTCO~.s : SCP't" E'.x4""'-'p/c If,13 4f.II~"o""$ ~


    Au A'-"(~IS: ~~n. o&fa,.,·~W'\j ~cLul ci.I..-ht.. __1- eA.t."- 1> +c..a.. ~''''~
    b
    s-t...~~~·
    d
    '~S~I(~I\o\t~Clre ,sv_"",o.W"}i!cllM+£..e +-bl.-.r -"ove...
    GoA" C'~cle..
    S-\-a.\tl: "ll:''3OOt::,. T".bl~ A-'2.l. ~;V9,f h l : 3 0 o . L' te."J/c.~,/ fr"'~ 1.18"D J S~=1.1e>~~.J
    1(~/1I:I!t· \<•
    . S....-\c.2.·. Pt'I1.S~ Pr~\(P&/P') :1.'\i~O(I:~~:):. ~"."l2. ~ hzs= ",o.,~~fJ/~,j
    elM ~1.':o\o\I-t- L"'3.~-"\) ':. <'G.~. 18 s.l SO ':: 2.~Oi' Fo0/t::<;· 1<.
    V\ Co jC..5 J a.
    S~ '1: T'3 ':0 I~OO K. , ~3:: ,51S'!~'2. ~J/I:') ()t'J'3: 4-~.S'") s~ ~ 3.3' 2. 0 'l:.iJ/r:S·L<

    S~ '" : PrJ" s :. <Btl P.1 ) f't'll:. G':.:)('f.~. SO) = 31. $"P. ~ ~'U:' 7' t· '3 r te:J I ~)
    A"'~ ~"'-:'~l- II'\.tt"'J-"""'):' Ir,S'.'I·1. - o.fs8(I~'S."'1.-1".3r):: rS"8 t:.J/t:5;
    s~ -= :l.T'1 ,)- ,,;r/~,·I<.,.
    s+a,...t..~·" Tr ~ Cf-SoItC.I "'r'= 'tt2."" F-"j'/~~J s;:: c.. -. lTt'o t,ott,·/<,
    Vo.ru~ C'1dc...
    ~+o..h"': P,::. 'i'Ob .... J '77 :.'4-oo°c, • T .... I~A:-'# ,"''''t "'7= SI3i.3ac: o/c"
    . '7~ G,.3'1 ~a:.~/f:.,.1<.
    ~~a', S8& ::. S7:!) 'lIS ·::d•• '1 c.. "i" -o.Se,~ :
    8.12. i '7 - o•.~-H,"
    U$~'C\ ,,~/r::,
    o.'TSS':fo) has ~ \"13.ii ~ . =tC;o-(Z,,"ol.l)
    '= l

    o.",~ ~'6-= h,- l\~t~,-&'u)':. )l'lt.3 - ~'~('Ilr.l-l'&li.~) -:: 1-lo"4·7'f llJ/IC-S


    "1.lo'l.''I' -'':t1.~9 -= a. io3 S"') $6:: 0'. ~~1.~-t 0.8'01 r(r,l.:l~1-0. r'iU~}:: <..7ztlt:1
    lC C( :. '). "l 01. , ",.",
    I .
    STfA,,+C: 9: S ...~,...- ..
    • _. II,
    A.A.
    ._/
    "\.U... -
    _ .. 0
    •
    oe»hAr .
    u
    "',= 173·&-r~ J SA ':
    ~'
    o.)'l.l-~~
    W::S''-
    ,

    • L h v: AJC): 1'f3 88-+-(t.C()&~)(l,.'tZ}(/crf)I-:;ll~181.,"~~/1C"


    S\..\.e (. . ",c.s~ ~.. ~ I • 3 \:. 10

    "c..o:. "'C\ -+ lh<.~- "'1): ,1').8& -+ f',O")~ 183.''''~ , ....... , .., ;;.I-r,...t.""/f'.' ~
    T ....'t,.A-")
    'Y\f
    '3"'''. Sc.~o,S"7rF=~//CS·Ic.
    \.:0. s ~

    s-crt
    .
    Vl'\s _
    ~­ fS-8 - 'f Bl .'4-' = 0.1'2.'7/
    s 3'1g..~- L&3.'tG,

    +=O\'" -t ....... ') "'-S ~~\ t\o.CI .> +"'- -...t- '-P0u,o. r- III ~ '- 0 ~ ~
    W,. . . w.,C.(h3-~'\o)- ("'~-"1)1: ~~ (Z'i=T.~3 ~) (I)

    ~. ¢..- *'- "~V" c.,cL..


    Ws -= ~s l(~7-h8)- (Yl4-/..c,)],. M~(I02.~,S' j<.jC~)
    ,,- ...-..\-
    ~
    ' - !Do -l
    ~f j
    W ~et '::. W,
    . 1 W~. ) ~ ~\V~ Cl.l' 11'\

    Cu'l.C+\~ f-e""",lh L.u.- ~


    o ...-<0,'':3."+1
    WV\et '=- "'" ~ l ('2.&1.81) """ ~,. L lOt.'l s·)] -7
    ~.,.

    (~81~~ ) of (O,n.l"I)((Dl.J,~) r23 tt, ~ tS{;

    ~b. 4- ;:'9/S

    (b) Tl- ~ #'c.<e\A"" ~


    ~
    .:l81.yl-+ ° .\'l.~1 (jO~'3.,")
    (ISIS'. "h. - (.(.<i·7i) "

    ~I): ~1 t~S-"'I) - To (S~_ ~~)J =. (211,~)[ II-S2.1I-1 -lOD.L~ - iOO(2.'~"'-I'1OZo~j


    L..os~..s -,
    • 0.,'" 0","* : lef'S'-
    ~ q,"-i MW ~\
    1.oJ
    \E{S _Ef q ) ~ ~"t.(~.~'l )-7.(~-S:f1)]': 30,q[(210lf,~4-113.ii')-10o(Ct':U'iZ-O,S;~i>l1o"\
    = ~'1-'f~w
    1)..stvvCh·o", t: UJi"'5 E'cl "=- To Q- :' iO"';' AS
    • "' 1'''''''''0....... ~~ To (~ .. _ $3)-:' l2.1,\·3 )(100)la:lCD IC)S -3·1,,,Z,tI- U~; ~ :~] ,to", -= i,12oM""
    Eel::
    • COWl\"USCOY-'.
    _ Ed , (S '1 _~)c t~'11.'1)(~)ll.-i'OU-I'':foZ.OJ-~
    ': w.<tl. I> '2.~ ••\,'
    L...1~JI.l.31-=
    10
    '·l~M'W
    lUI,)

    • S-\-e..... -k,t'b,...a, €4 ':. ~S~(S&-S,) : (jO.~ )(toO)l(.·l2ofl.- (..'1(.l,.,l1':;at = 1·'1'1 M W


    • PII~ ~ Eo':. ~-;CJ(SI.-s"\) .... (10."l]{'lool[ o,<s't':l-f- o,s"-1l;'o.lI:: 0.0'4 MW
    • lAb:" e...tC~ : €el ':. 1;, l~, ( S·'1) + "':'$ (S7-~)] = 3 U',l(-o.S8'4-~S")
    o;.0$'"_ 1\ 0o (
    30.'-' (5,7,,")1 1 10 .1
    :. lo·"'3MW
    "SV __ "f''\: T"p~ :1"'1.\4 "'ltv"
    Vjspo~i.j;(I\I\ ~. W"ct:~oo"",w)-+ &..o.ssI'Slll1..1.'l.)"" ~ftr..c-h·oV\s,.(1.8.8'1) = 1~I,' MW) ""L.4c.Lt A r-uJ -fo
    e.-i""L..O~ ("6,,""'" d~
    ICUOwN: op.ra.-TiY\j d.....~ <e-e. prOI1,d.acl feY" c... c:.o_lo,·",ecl ,ClSic.VOijo1e -Vo.-pOV'
    POWIIV"p\A...+ j~ I.u""'·cl.... C'\,,-r AI'Iocl ""-'A-ter V6-pO~ o.t"e. ~~ £.Uort::.4.·~, fLvicq.
    F I NT> : De +- 1' ........ tIl« (A) t"- ""'- s S' f-t 0..... rA .....r of -t""-e Q.'-'" J s"'~"' 1+"1 1 c=\.t'\. cl. Coo It' "'",
    w-.+er, (fl) +~ --* f O ..... r: d.~"'~(.c)p~et b'j #\c tj4"fe4.. ,.,,·w~ A"d V"--P0'" ("yc:l~
    (er'~t.k"eI11 Ct.) +-~ -f"" -~ «f0'c.i'h t t 'l 1 ~ C.cH_Io,·kt'd (''1 C l e. , c:ll'\.d (oJ)
    c.. .f,..ll CA.cc.. ..... -h'W\j 'hie.- + ~"'''d'"1 ~",c.rt"Cld·e. of +kf! Q.,',.. P"'-~:i""j
    +l.t...rD~'" +u-. eo ...... b v S/-& " '1.. i'''-- j 4$ ~,..I?"~~.
    S"CHtMI't'''ttC .8'-,llt ltoJ UI'\"¥It:

    Gr,,"~ ~c(~

    5ta.te. ~ (~,,'-\
    ~
    , \1.&1.'2.' 0.5'\112
    I 2. '2.10. "31 0.1182.0
    I
    I Compressor ~=========:l 3 .1 &.I. LfOf 1.00(,1.3
    ~c.~. 68 o.8r.2.8'\
    : __ - :'J
    't "381.' I
    TaslJoDp I 5 2.61.5<0 l). "101"1'"

    p.=\'t:"1
    , • ~
    l~·

    (",,\=.&tqooo ~ YOfOC ~de.


    M'" Sm.~c. \\ (8~1&)
    Ts=f>I.{OOtt
    \"'\"\0.1 I.b '2.0
    " ~~.O \.10''-
    ('~.1'f .1'3'2.1
    '4.l(, .I~'i11

    C.
    .- - -----.
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    ~t. • I PcoY\cl =1 lbf'lilll"l:
    ASS-OM?,'\) NS:
    1;1>' : I
    ,. S fPC e ~~ ... pie
    c=t. I '3 J ().U'u """'Ph' 0 Vl..1' I-S.
    cocl*~
    "o~ eor>F \.\Jc(,~~(' 2·10-= S2.0°R) Po:: 14.7I1of/,·..1...

    MJ&l.'ISlS ~ F\rst f.~x ~ « ~ roW. G\po.\


    sto.~. Fo1"+\..Q. 54.~ +tAro\Yle CAc1c.lC. ;
    Sfq..Ae. , T, =szooR '=t> h, '= \2,\.1.1 ~l\l .
    Vr,,:' l·'l\"'ti J s7 ::6.!'UT-z' e~/I,,·efl-
    ~te 1. For I~e~+cr>r~ CO~..e.$SlCM. •
    t> nos'C (\7... /p,) y"" :r. I'VS1""i =t> ~u: ~'52. .8"f~
    Lts \l'\~ "\1,a.A. (.~~ssor e~ic:u,V\~ )
    h -z.. :& ~\ +- l~'2.S~\) :. 2.10. 31 ~kA./~~ ") '&t ~ o- '77~z.o ~/'h' ~IL
    StAje..3 T3=~"OO·~ ~ h 3 '= c,"t't.'\:\ ~"""/(b) py)':. 5\3.5 J $3= l.o,-"'t..3 f3Nlh'PR.
    sto.!e Y f"" ~(f..,.1p~ ) PY"3 :. &\"1. .1,\ '2. --t> ~'tS '= 3 'i')...1 ~/lb; w\~ \\t,. 2.88 1
    ~'i: h., - \\t l ~) - 'n'u'\ 3 2.15 l ~w.'Uo J so,,:. e. ~(,. 2.i1 (jkI..{ lb· »«:
    '& e
    s+eu S T~" 8,,\o°lt. ~ ~s -: .20'.15" &f1A./u. ) sty..:: O."TCI'i-'l-T 1S~1lc.·-1t.
    "Fo~ \WL \to..vo(' ~ c.\(. ~ 5~ Pakt"
    $1-0.\(,0.. PA~lO(')o\bf/\i,,~ITc..::.'loo°F '=t> ~C4: 1"l"\'O. , ~) $Ct\.":. 1.f."Z-0\lo.C!R
    steAl.~ ~~":. \ I"f"~2;
    \,\a '=
    I SbS -::. S... *
    ~o-- "t:(~Q,- h'os) :.'fS5.o
    ~lts '= QOo:z./P &\1l/tb. W',,~
    0\u/lb
    '-t. -=-.,\0,
    ~)(b:O.'6S"'f'JS,,':'I.'Otl1~/~.qe
    fc.'=-l Ibf/i",~ )So.t. "t>\A.tA ~ he.:: bct.'1't 8~/11o. "c = .1'11.1 ~'lo·~
    PCIl ":.lOOO L"'fl&.~7: J Seb -=. Sc. *
    TA~\e. A-SE. ~ hcb ~ 1Z..5ct 6\U./Lb
    "'l\~ \\f ":..'0,) h A ":. ~c. t-l:\&4s - \\, ) o:.l"t.\\o ~\-u./U» Sd. ":. o."3~11 ~l"'~
    c;-,1q (T-.b/e A- 5E;)
    n.c.~ t...I' '" a "'-« S J C4.", Q e "1. e r :J'J r: .... t-e 10 ... (a.. ... ( ~J
    e""c.e.o$'" j .... ~ 1Ac.~ A.o<. c.k_~

    0: ~Q.w ( h'"t -~5 \ "" ~s+ ( ht( - '-'4\


    ~s~ -::. ~~W- (h't-"'S) :. ~.&j l.3Xtt)"t· lhl h..
    . ha.:~d /
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    <,:. ~$t ( hb- Ltc.) of- I\1c~ (~C'"_,tt"
    • - "'cw•0\41 )
    Sctl V\~, .fay Wlc.w 4M.J W 'I~ t.. cw 'x. C.r) "f
    .
    ~"W
    .
    "= 'M St
    . (",,- ,-") L }:. I.01XIO" \j,/~ "'4~-------=
    " \\.l 60 -"of l"o)

    a) 1\u. r~i-e..f ~~t .w"~S~y \~\o t\.a ~b,i,C2d ~c.\-«. l&

    Q\\i\ ':. ~A\f (h'3-"'-l.) = ','t03 ". to'1 15*,,-/~


    .
    n,-=- W,l4.So 7 WV'd.f -::. .Slo'i" (Sl.et" 0/.)
    ~\" ~t-----
    ....

    Losses "
    • AI,O .... -t
    ~.rfyuch·o",~: Vi,r$ Ed
    · ':0 70 \l'
    . '= To "':'(.6S)
    ~ ...s.f&4.",b:t1e: Eel: 2.S73')(. / o C. 8",,/~
    I· ~ 17 ~(0
    4
    C 0 - r - SolO,.'. e c:L: "
    s~,,_ -h.4rf,'·.... '. f.d. = /.'2.2.. 1 1< 10'" .,
    Pu-p Ed. -:. 2.1'1B.,( ;0" ..
    S"v~...a ~ Eel ~ S .1e., x (0' 1!"'-I'"

    oc.A..tplA"f~
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    I 3 .i~'i 't:/,c;
    7
    (JttA/h

    • 1)l$ ros,-h-" ~
    ett.r~ i I/\. ptt...t' •••
    _ ~c;. r~" dUctCftd '9, t'f.i 'IJ0
    7
    8h../ k c1I.S°h, )
    -E".. ~,'t D"i!yuGtf..., 10.118 '1..10' rJfv../"'. lL1·7°~)

    _ 6'~.,.~ LO$~'~ J. S"'f3 '/. to" D~/" (6a.ca "~)


    S·"1.'\~- 'f.. I 0 7 cf;/k..

    I· T"-e ~.~ d; rtv uc t-on ~oC::A..f.ed (P,--#'k.. c.o~u sho~ &.-i 1I\4l-r eo", f,'c(e ,-eel
    ~ ~ rt"-'s-",,+ JQlA.4l'1 ~l ~ ,w\.4Ack.. ~ bAS-ec:l ~ ~ 4"~ - ,,+. "",cU..,.ci ~d-e l.
    -So~ 1-~ cU'swss'-"'" .....: ~i( a 1> +'v sD(un~-tb e'<4-p'e c:r. /3.

    q-/'I{
    PRO ~(£M q. 89
    kNOWN: AI'V" is ~ ·HU:lc( \~ 0.,\1\ t::riC5soh Ctjc{e wi+~ &~o-..
    WO rk l'j.i\9
    \irtow (\ Gtt VCl('lOtH \ 0 C.Cl+lO AS.
    FIND', 1>efe,vYl1 "11 e (p.) ftt.e Yl e+
    pOCAJ~d.evelC)pe'cJ. 1 (b) +l-te. ~er"Yha.A
    eH-i..cieV\~ ) ~ ee) +~ h~ck~61k ra.tio.
    5cfffiMAnc i <Ql V~AJ VA-a:
    T,::NooJ<
    r: =lO "41'

    .
    Wi.
    .....-_ _----"1...... 2.
    73 =3001<
    P3: I ba .....
    y}, =5 ~/5
    A5SUIVlPT(Q!Jj,$: (I) J;e:tcltl corYlponetttt t~ a.t1e.t(~ zed as e, e..trr'1frol voLuhIJ-e a.:t
    sfe~ shJ~ . (z.) A-H 'P(o(e~se5 ~('e illd-erl1t4llj r..eveV's;,b/e ,( 3 ) Tl.e CO!""(?rt='cS31(m
    a M ~PC( II\S( O"K processes ave.. I ~o+henYlo..l. (l./) Kfitlef£G ~~d {fofelAfto.. ( eJllf.t'tjt:t
    f~ecfs (1~ Y1e~liilble,(S) Tne ctir b-ek~ves a..~ allL icl<?a..l 90..'.
    ANA=L.'!SIS: (d} T~1l -fw-","vle. po"-ler i~ eVCt.lucdeJ lA.Sti",
    Wt ::. - rh J'1vd-p :. - m R -r. ~ (Pz.1 p)
    ,
    ~_(S~ls)(B.3l4
    ~8.ql
    ~'S
    k.j.K
    )(llfOOk) kw
    ~(~) ·1"1 I I c:r.s
    =4foZf,kW

    a Y\d. f¢r -H.te. tDMp",es.sor


    we.::'\M ~ T 3 ~ P" Ip~ :.qq 1.2 ~vJ
    r b sW~
    ' ,te. :. Wi
    .-We.
    , = ?" 35 k.w.4• ----:......,;:.;

    (b) The tL\eYVY\Gl \ e~t"le"'(.(J (.{


    'X -= J- I! :. 1- 3E:>O :. 0.78" ("1B."e/o)..o::'ll~f__-------
    TI ''fOO
    A-1-kV"~'h've~~ -f rom atv\ eV\e't"~'1 k>CAl4Mce O'"l'\ 4-k<t ~vlo\\Ae j QIII\:: Wt .1~
    \A:: W. ~ek:: ~(,35
    '\' - - - = O.i8G>
    Q i\A Yb 2lo

    (c.) The betel£. work. rn.tl(:) \S


    bwY": We. : qen·!
    \.Nt ~('2.~ ~ O.:z14A5~,..---------------
    Pr<O(!)L-EM q.' 0
    See p,.obleVVl q. act .for SCA.VlAp"e. ca.lc(,(/~-I-{C-Xs. lk£ ciD.-(r, ~.f#Ae. Y~tA..tt-e..J rlol-
    on'. otoltMM.e.e;( It!l~3 rr, tiS H>tlow s:
    IT Code
    T1 = 1400 11K
    T3 = 300 11K
    p3 = 1 II bar
    rp = 10
    p4 = rp * p3
    p1 = p4
    p2 = p3
    mdot = 5 /I kg/s
    R = 8.314/28.97 II kJ/kg-K

    Wdot_t = - mdot * R * T1 * In (p21 p1)


    Wdot_c = mdot * R * T3 * In (p41 p3)
    Wdot_cycle = Wdot_t - Wdot_c

    IT Results for rQ = 10. T 11400 K

    W =4626 kW
    t
    W = 991.2 kW
    c
    W = 3634 kW
    cycle

    'PLOT:
    4500
    4000
    3500
    ~ 3000

    (])
    2500
    ~ 2000
    'S 1500 ' ""'\ T1 = 1400 K
    ' " T 1 = 1200 K
    1000
    T1 = 1000 K
    500
    o
    2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

    q-143
    Pgo(3LE M ".q I *
    kNOWN ~ Air- is ~ worlc.\LA~ .c.4Uet leA eM\. e ..ic.sso\,\ c:.~ de wH~ ckto.. k"ow\'\
    e::tt VCl.. i,OU.S IOCCltio\'\s.
    Flt.JD: l).e~(M\W\iL <.G.J the. ~~t wo~ ter lA,~·"t kA.tl'S of. o..w- ~lOWl~j ~
    (~) t\d. ~V"W\CA.l e ~ f lG \t"'~'
    SeI;tSM.Anc. t wlVSN PA-I" '.

    1"'" ".
    ,
    I ~
    <.oW'\P' :I /t Io'~l
    __ /.I ~e.Y\e.rCl'\o1'"
    1_- ~
    3 /
    V' T~ ':: Sc»o 0 ~"'/,",=/l"":7'-:7;-:;/i=-=7""'/-=-/....w
    ASsvMpnotJs'. (I) E:o..dA. CO m.rO\"le~*, is ttWAl~"t.ec( cu o, C.c1\'\.+n:>l \fulM""e. ~+ S-K!o.~
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    A~SUMPTU)NS ~ (I) "rttt ~trcl V"Otu.~e is a.. t M~J:c1 skfe.) witk Q.c... : Wct! 0: O.
    (1.) The. ~W- e~po.~~ isewtrOp·\G~l~. (3) The ~i.r ~e.s o.s CU\. ic.{~l ~«s.
    ANAk'lS\S~ 'For QA~ CMe, io \JL ~s'u(et"~) P,::.lOO U~fh",~" T, '= e,o°R.. ~.1
    hi =.20c.,.'ff> ~/lb" Prl -=.1.1'f'l. w\~~ fz. sfeci.f/eJ
    f(''I. ';. (f~ I PI) 'Prj =t> h2,. J T'2.,
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    PRD6leM Cf .llq (CcK~lc(. )
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    te) The. ~ .foV"'~ Y'~v.,\N-eA flo-\s et.V'c.. olo~~ tAJl~ rr, a.S follot.U&"
    IT Code s2 = s1
    2 s2 = s_hP("Air",h2,p2)
    p1 = 100 II Ibf/in
    T2 = T_h("Air", h2) IT Results for D:f = 40 Ibf/in.2
    T1 = 860 II oR
    Vel2 = sqrt (2 * (h1 - h2) * 778 * 32.17)
    Vel1 = 0 h1 = 206.5 Btu/lb
    M2 = Vel2 / c
    mdot = 4 II IbIs h2 = 158.9 Btu/lb
    c = sqrt (k * R * T2 * 32.17)
    p2 = 40 II Ibf/in 2 T 2 = 663.9°R
    cp = cp_T("Air", T2)
    Rbar = 1545 c = 1262 ft/s
    cv = cv_T("Air", T2)
    MW= 28.97 k = 1.397
    k = cp lev
    R = Rbarl MW V 2 = 1543 ft/s
    v2 = v_TPC'Air",T2,p2)
    M 2 = 1.223
    A2 = (mdot * v2) I Vel2
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) A 2 = 0.01593 ft2
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1)

    PLOTS:
    1.4 1600

    1.2 1400
    1200
    11 =-1
    1000
    0.8 en
    ~ ~ 800
    0.6 or
    > 600
    0.4
    400
    0.2 200
    a a
    40 50 60 70 80 90 100 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
    P2 (lbf/in. 2
    ) P2 (lbf/in.2)

    50 i 60 70 80 90 100
    52.8 P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    9-/15""
    Pf2.08~ 't.l 2.0

    KNOWN: AL'r W'd'k le =-l."I flows 1:S-e~-b--op'GC4lllj t"'Vl)""~ o: elif.fus~r-,


    fiND', PlOT ~~ l~c~t'1) M",c.~ 'f\\.A.~l:>.et') ~ ~(e.~ r~-\C:{) AI A* -for
    lOQXflOY\S J Vl .f~e fto~ U>r"(e~po(\d l~j 1-0 e>.. rtMt\..~ e~ f,(t"SSf.A.r~,
    SCH&V\A-TlC. f w\VEtJ DMA ~ 70
    " ,.. T~

    y"
    T').o
    a~r
    )

    (~,',5f)

    (bg,',50)
    ( E1·'1·52,)

    ITCode
    p1 = 4 1/ bar
    T1 = 290 1/ K
    V1 = 512 1/ m/s IT Results for p = 10 bar
    k=1.4
    Rbar = 8.314 II kJ/kmo(·K To = 420.5 K
    MW = 28.97 II kg/kmol Po = 14.6 bar
    T = 290 K
    e1 = sqrt(k * (Rbar I MW) * T1 * 1000) e= 341.3 m/s
    M1 = V11 ct V = 260 rn/s
    po I p1 = (1 + «k - 1) 12) * M1"2)"(k I (k - 1» M = 0.7616
    To I T1 = (po I p1)"«k - 1) I k) AlA* = 1.056

    P = 10
    e = sqrt(k * (Rbar I MW) * T * 1000)
    M =V Ie
    Aratio = (11 M) * «21 (k+1» * «1 + «k - 1) 12) * M"2) »"«k + 1) I (2 * (k - 1)))
    po I P = (1 + «k - 1) I 2) * M"2)"(k I (k - 1»
    To IT = (po I p1)"«k - 1) I k)
    f"f?OI3l-€M q. 120 ( Ctn-ffJ.. )

    Pun>:
    600 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1.6 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1.4
    500
    1.2
    400
    ~
    ..s 300 :E 0.8
    >
    0.6
    200
    0.4
    100
    0.2

    0
    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

    P (bar) P (bar)

    2.5 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    • 1.5
    «
    -.
    «

    0.5

    4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

    P (bar)

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    CAS e,}(PQ&~'

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    ...-,- ,= 0 I '2.
    .. A • .... -
    .:;:;-- t - - - -- - ~'
    Ai ~ 3 C»'\ '1. A1.'= " c~
    3

    AS50MPTlQN: The. 'lW' h"l-ta.\les t\.s tt", ideal 'AS) wi.f-f" k =I.Lf.
    ANAl,vS,$: Use Table. q, I .
    Ft;st, ..(.:,iitcl +ke. 5+~Y\Olt\Cm s~te .
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    ~ /r; ': 0.'1; 2.50 A;> po::: 8.22~ !,Q.y

    I f -the. V\o'2.-z.1e ~low is ekok~&., -M t ~ t J a.~


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    -1-11'. Pot
    v;.", ={nV 1£.12 T"", :. 3117.Lf VM{S

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    PR06USM 'P. 123

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    =
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    rt.'f 24 b((.f •

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    EUf ..

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    (~) To co..lc.~\cA.\e. s..,- S)c )

    s~-~x CrJV\\T~/T)C) -R. ~ (~lr~)


    e,

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    ,~-s)C::. t.ocw ~ (\. S3Uo') - 8.3l"l ~ (3.<0 \3'3'
    Ol'Of'1
    =. D.OSGl3S k.'J" I~.K. lIIIlI-ca_ _ -----------~

    ITeode
    px = 0.5 II bar
    Tx = 280 /I K
    Mx= 1.8
    k=1.4
    IT Results for Mx = 1.8
    My"2 = (Mx"2+(2/(k-1)))/«(2*k)/(k-1))*Mx"2-1) My - 0.6165
    py I px = (1+k*Mx"2)/(1 +k*My"2) Tox = 461.4 K
    Ty I Tx = (1+«k-1 )/2)*Mx"2)/(1 +«k-1 )/2)*MY"2) Ty = 428.8 K
    pox I px = (1+«k-1)/2)*Mx"2)"(k/(k-1» pox = 2.873 bar
    Tox / Tx = (pox I px)"«k-1)/k) py = 1.807 bar
    dels = 1.004 * In(TylTx) - (8.314/28.97) * In(py/px) Sy - s, = 0.05933 kJ/kg'K

    '1-180
    4

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    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
    0.5 Mx
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
    ------ py
    Mx ---.t.- pox

    600 0.1

    550
    0.08

    500 SZ
    OJ
    ~ 0.06
    SZ
    ~

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    0
    450 Rx
    I-
    '?>- 0.04
    400 IJ)

    0.02
    350

    300 0
    1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
    Mx Mx
    PR06<£M 'l,,25
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    -.ai-----
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    o..v..A T x (Tax-::. . S SS S b -t> T 0)( ~ S"1" 0(. -E-a.---------.;.;.
    (C\ T\\Q.. ve\ocl~ A. t x l S
    ~ ~ M.')( 'V k RTx

    PltoG\,efw\ ". 11-lJ,


    \(~QvJ~~ 'Sell. fn:>\'~M- Cf. 1:Z 5
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    v..wt W\.Q.SS of. (LtIr +tow lll\j •
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    isw,trc)~~ et sew kete .
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    -fkYOM ) w-l.uAi. f{u. orua: l~ "vtOWY'l. ~+ ts.
    T" = (0.83333) C54'7,0 K) =455. €; ~
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    f\j I PC9~ ': O,1l{O~3
    A':j I A~ -=. I, I" 3>q <6
    Wi +'" i<)Cj ~ 100 of< ; T':1::' <:04 ~.~ OR. fAItJ.. Wl~ 'Pe~-:' 20 l!Jtlj,.~j J>cj '::. ILf, <611 lJJ.1 ill\L
    To .cli:A~ V;
    «z: 1,15'15
    V""'j :: M'j JkRT,j = (O.(,(,2'{~) (I-tt) \28!11 '1,.,aJlCo41..Cf~13l.\~.q~~
    .H·'bf' t
    '::. ~30.1 .t-+(s
    Also) 11": :: ~ :.
    RT 15'iS R-1P.\~01 (,41.• tt o£~
    2i:1i \. \ I \~2.. I :1.. ::. /~.057.f.f3llb
    ~ f~ t: 1l.{.g-11 ~(~lI\'") \'1't 111\

    Avv).. >·hw,. \1
    A'K-:.. A~/ {_l1..~qll ~ O.lT~q -A-':...- _
    FIND: De,.j"lt (Q.) E,. q.SS, (0) E,. tII.S', (C) c'f. '·57
    SC'+IfMA'f1 c .
    i ~ '''f:'''' DATA:

    A'SO~PT,CNS: (I) T"-e c e ... t-rot votu .... e. cl.\ouo", ,..... -tl.\e. c>.cC'O...., ~,."'j ft·,l.A.Ye., 's
    ...~ S 4-~ .. cl.) ,,+.d~· l'l) ''''eo 3 AS ffoo.u,·""j ,'1. oth t.d
    .... AS '" ,.(0.... ( , ....1
    ..... +'" c.o", s+" ..-t os p e ~, ft·c h e~i t"'A. h'o K • (1) A)( .. A y .

    ANAL.YSIS: C.,,) COrlserVc.h·o", of """ASS is e)C.pr.tS~d ,,~ E'i' tt· 4fo. Gh1S~"'''.i\·o",
    O.f ft.lA. e r 1Y if ~r'~S$~d ~, Eo,. '·+7 ~&...'u.-. c....... H re WI','".''' A.t e,. '1'S3.
    N~fD... ·r Sec...o",e:t ,La"", of. .......on·c)"" r s e.'I-p~SJ<J. ....s et;. q .... s /,JJc......e.t.. CA",
    IQ..< A.Hu .... tfu. c..s e.,. I:f. 48. U Si ...., idb.1 JAJ r d,.h·o.... t ""kL,~ CA'" '-'t..
    <:.c> .... h, .. e tI ""1 ~ (( 0 .... S:

    J 10 V(. ~ Jy".J
    PIC ,.. .d t:RT)C = ~ ...., J\C.~ Ty
    ~TlC (loty

    PI' H" :. Py My
    ~ T)( VTY
    M~(I+ k~"'1C'I.)'h My(llo ~ Myl./1.
    ~
    11" k ~y1.

    o"'~ Sol\) tio"" il:> -t&...... "'''Ah'o" "$ '"'1: M" J t.or .... rpoMd..· ..' 1'0 ~ ~......".~ ,'",
    prop.... h·.es ~ 0. flo.... +.........5"" ..... c..u...tvol 1101.. _ "" ......... A)(:.A y . Tt....·$ iv,'",·",
    ul"tiolo\ I·S. of ~ i ...~"."" "'ere. Wkt."" +"'-. o...bo,,~ ~'b",h'o",,'s s,uAred
    ,\- b.e u ....c.,r
    ""'11.( l+ ~I fAi) :: M.;L (l-+ \coi' 1J.y'-)
    \""
    II -+ ,,~l
    ---'lr
    )\..
    - (loto Ii: ~yl. )L.

    0'" I w"'--. ~~,s.d -..0 0.. 1 \)"d."~""0c.

    ~: [l"-i? -!ttL] + Mt t- ,tel. J


    So1Vi"'6 +'--~uAd"'A""C. ~'lVA."'·"'" ~ M y'2.. ~ ive.s €,. q. ss.
    (b). WI'-\-"" E.ct. ~. S" \
    /C/(~·,)
    Poy :: P"I [ I + ( "~ ) ~-/" ]
    Rc [1-+ (r.~) k~'ltll~'I)

    1-+ ("i')~Y'2. J \(./Ctol)

    l ~ (I~') Mf
    &&I, oft.- E,. 1· f3
    PR08LeMS q. I so ~~ q. l'3 (
    1tl~ ~\4.~ .(pf~CAM.S to b~ \A)~.RM. [1.\ ~ r.v()b\~\MS l"" "o\ve.
    str it i., hf.(oTtI\I",rU aVo.l""A+~~ e.f ~~U.o.:h.~ \£\ ~ .J.ikf.
    'i,130 ~g~.<f.SO.) 9.SI" ~ 9.5'2.

    ~{ ~.s. <7.53 J &fS'f ~ tf.SS) ~ 'l.s"


    As ~\,l~rs ~ softWAN'1l. vfIH:J) twL dt/tA.lls 01- ~ a'YOlj1a ....s ar.e left
    ~ ~ retA.&..t.r.
    eonJ.~ tlO1\S are. Ic.lI1.own fen- tkR. \1.A..floojok e"'~\I>\C!. dk~ ~ee.t ,"'-
    ProbleM Gt. 1 8.
    FINP :. Co..leu-lcde. tf..A. t\an.ut o.-e"el6peJ b~ ~ e",~ \~~.
    5g.-\€MA-TlC- 4 ,,\yeN PMA~

    ...-:

    •
    ~ -:. 15'0
    ~I
    t!:',': .
    ~ V; =300 4 ,0 #ls
    I-~!I'
    'M ~ <lS ,I,/s w. )
    \
    Cb ... "' -::--_-_-~- - - - - ®
    - ~

    A$SUMPTI.OtJS'. (t) Ike. CO'l\.h'ol "o\M.~e ·lS. 0.+ ~~ 6~ie. (Z,) ,h( .{orce
    CD fx is fu ~~t .foY'Ce ~h~ f) l'\ +1.uL GcM.fro\ VolAA.,"~.
    ANAt..ys\s~ Afpt~ \~~ ~,q, 31

    Fx~ ~ (\IS-V;)
    ::.(<?S" ~ ) (300tf,O- 150) U ,.
    ~
    1 'loaf
    ~2.Z ~b· #
    I
    s~
    I
    ::. Sqs-o \bf
    i~ ~!>+ i~ fu tov'c.e. J.eveiope~ ~ fu. e~\i1e. ~s
    F+k(,lA.~t = - F)( = - SqS-O \\>~ ll!S -HwlASt
    ti-o ~ \e~
    I. "'{he e(:.{ecf 0'- +~e 5\..(.YrOCAl'\~1~1j pW"'essu..-e 0 V\ .J.-k GOlAhol VOw.wce. cetlltc.e/.s.

    7--/4g
    KNOWN: Th e mc<~s flow r-a.k is ~ I veVl -fo-r- ~fZ. c';1c(-e. 1i1 Prohl<:m't.1b A"tc(
    for -rlA.e W'l<,c<.'flec{ Ctjefe 1'11\ ProbkM G'f. j~ •
    FIAID: ~alw,ICtie -the -#1.ru.sf developed b.!1 the e~1 ~e Ii-. eAGl-. CAI.Ie.D,scu'S.
    SCHEMATIC 6 ~tVEN DATA: t
    ,.
    Y;-:.).'So MIs /.~
    ~I •
    ~~50~lS ~,
    ".....
    CD .... -::::.. .----._~-.::r-
    .f!S$UMPTtO/JS: (I) Thl. contra! va{£.(,)')fe is «i: s+e~ stAte .(Z) The. -royc.e
    <D 'F)< is +lAe ned: {orce ac.fli-1a ~ f11.e U>YI..jn, I vaL«rne.
    &lA-LYSIS', A 6'pl~ 1'~Cj ~. q .31

    F)< = ~ ( VS - v; )
    The ,.~'w;+ is -the-force d.evelcp«J. b~ i1te e.trnfrol Vt9l.u.rne.. ilus
    F-thrv.'f : - ni\ (V';; - V; )
    J V\S"~rl-1 ~ v« lues fLY-sf-
    J -ro,.... 'Prob/.em q.8' (+v.rbojQ,+)

    F~rv.rl : -~o
    t. Iu,) ~
    S (JOoct -,2.50) s
    I J lc.~
    . Jo 31c.<j.mfs2.
    = -:3 7. q s Ie. N (+0 fhe. k.f±.),4. ---!...:..:~
    -Ihrvst"
    (Prch.Q.7'}
    S,mif(;VJ~) ftrr Problem 9.8'/ (fu.,.-boia.f+Cl.f1er6uYVler)

    F-fhrv-st = - (SD) (1080 - 2.50) 1,~3 ,


    =--41.5 kN {jo ..fhe1e(f)~A- ~~
    th ...usT
    (Prob:t.11 )
    T"he o.a.dit-(~ of -tl1e o..f+ef"bc,vrVler IVJc'f€ases th'!. veloc;~ of ~C(se.s
    'eo..vl~c.3 +t1e -eV\.~i~. r", ft,tis CAse) the. reswhs CL Q.3 % ,~c. ....ea.~e. li-t
    -r~r(.tSt 'd-eve lopea b~ -fl1e e ~ ,i.e.

    I.The et-fecf of +he. surroUJi\c.lik' p~ssufe t>V) ·Hti2 GC·YI'k~( V~£.c.me


    bo£tVld.Q,y"~ CAlI\cels.
    KNDWN: The furbol)°e.f ,i1 Probkm Cf·1S ~nti +l-te Yh(>o.l·f,ec,( .j.ars,ojet ,;'"
    Probkm '.80 a.re. re.cOYljide~d.
    FIND: eA/wlc.te +he ~,.usI- developed b~ €ACLc. eh3lite ° '1>,suu.s.
    5c lt6M.MtC S ~l v6N J?Am: '1

    v-; =1"50 f/-{s

    volume: 'I~ 4+ 5te.o..t;{tj &fat-e .(2.) The force


    t\55V&1,oTlOAlS: (I) The c:on-Jrol
    <D ~ is th.e net -force. o.c.flh!J ~ +he COYltrol V{)lurne.
    I};NALYS'.5~ App\~jl~~ E'6.Q.31
    Gc : :. m (VS - v; )
    The. +hr<A,t is #Ie krue. deve.IDpeJ Q.'j fhe. (,(M/r'"ol I/CfLurne. "t'k.us
    F+kr~t -: - ~ =- ~ (~-\f;)
    .:r(ls",rh·li\~ va(,u('s." t-Ifst far 'Probk-vY\ q,lg (-ktrboje.f)
    FIJ_rw:t ~ - L ~S" ~ )("3oo«(,0-1S0 ) ~I I lbf .'1
    ~ a2.2 ~ -f+/s'l.
    =-S~SO {b{.(fo Hte ld:t ).~ +hrust
    -.;....;..-=-

    CPr()bo Q.78)
    5 1M iJ C( yo J~J -ior: Probl.e.m q.<to ( furbo.je+ + a.ff.e..... ~rt1er)
    F.y/,vv.sf -= - ( ~S" ) (1:tlS- 1$0 )I--.!.-I
    32.2-

    = -Coc;;0l Ibf (fo fhe lef+)..


    -4I ~~
    -fltru..st
    (Prob .<f .80)
    T~e. a.ddi+t~ of tAn dff.er bu.... "'~('" ,'II1CretA.,eS ve.\oc(~ of 9a.s;es
    the..
    le~vl~.9 thll eV\.~\LAe. I" +""s cose, -t~e ~su.lt is 4... q,t{ °/0 111\ creas-e
    in thrust ot.-e.ve.'fopec< by +ke e\-'t9i"le.
    LThe e#ec.t of -}Ike. sl.(,rrov..t\c1I~~ p"'es~u.re o~ -+ke c.O'l'\-fn>f VOw.Me
    bou.V\Q.o.Y~ CiM'lce,ls.

    '1-15D
    "NC?WIl>~ A +-uvloojef <;V\.5IUe is aV\'c",(llfz.ed oV\ a.li\. Ct..l·Y"-s~lI\~vcl bvsis. ~
    a¥'~ kvtowYl et.+ VCtYlOUS loc.~~tC)lI\J.

    FINI> '. CCllculcde +~e. +kyu..st.


    ~JteMHI c. i (;l V€t.J D4rA: T}=/3(POK
    ~(.:;.8'7 3 h-,:-: O.sq
    T
    p--_ _-;;1
    I I
    F'4 : I~ I, P" I Compmsor :
    IQ: 21 io K. :;':..- _J I
    v:. -:. Z&5 Pl/_5>5> __ d..-: l!:: -- L _~
    '" ~i P"£/p,=IS ~I
    --..I Diffuser ' Nozzle ~

    a
    ~:
    -~ VI - 0
    4~,,1
    i -~
    1 5
    (Jr V-) : Z. ~o \NI3( S l i t : . o.'t 1
    S 4 N '5'=18 kPC\
    A-SSl>MPTlON~~ SDl.~e. «s \\1\ E.x~W\(')e<i.1'2.1 e-.:cep+ \'\(.=0.81) "!~O.&q} '1.",=0.'1-'.
    t\=NAL'(SI~: To .ck-+e,(MiV\~ ~Q. ~V'\..lC£.+) we. 'ot.Sl\A. ~~ .e.\~c.h"'j ~e. ve.loc(~ ~1
    t~ IAv"t,:zJe e"I.-\-\ 'J;. f\f~t +LX e.QClA of.+tu. tp(\It\C.\,PcJ '&t~.:\£'s ("tx.loIe A-z').
    ~\e. ~ T(\:' '2.11.0 K. ~ ~C\ ~ 2'S .'t, 1<'J I~ .) f('o..:' 0.44088 ?
    5We. t. A-f~~'l""'(\ ~~lj ~e te ~ ~~~ vser~ 0= h~+ 'i. - ~ .1"\.uAs
    ~
    ~\ ~ "'~-\- \r4\, ~ +- ~('5'&.V'A'!.2.1
    \,)'2. 2.. \
    :. 2\5." N .\ l k.J"'_J =251.D8 k:J/I,a I
    '&.. ~ 2.. I ~'Wlls IOaN.~ -:J
    S'~ce. -tkt. ~:C(.U.Cie,(, 'is GtS.S\A.Mcul. \.0 o~a..\e lS~h-O~\c:a.t~
    f, ~ (1h / frc..') f": (D.143Q4/o.44088 )69 Icf~) =. 30.313 "r",
    ~ f!>r iSQ,\;\+r(!)~~c.. COY\l\pf"essi~) f-r,.-s:' 1h (?~/f,) :: rr.lsC} ~ ~20S~ S4S.lb~J"
    w,-t\i\ ~ U>~,(-t:sSDr e~G\'W~ .5
    h~ \'\ + (\t\~~;\~ ':. SBCl.lC i:!/~ ) P-z.:' t s . P, ::455.to Ie. P"
    Sk-k~ 7 3 =- 1.3 (,0 1< ~ ""~= 14"'.4<t k':tflt4j ) p.. -a: 3CiCl.\
    Skk4.. for e, \-u.x\oOJtL\-.) Wc.'~ ~W,-{..v.. »(1,.1.-~,):: ll-h(h l - h4-» ' ~
    ~4S -= \~8'.<-'\ ~:~r I~ ,-=> 1{'~s:' \'?\.5l OA.<J.. t :.(rt: s/p-r~')f :. l'SO.\~ kP~
    Now) lOl-rv.. -\WL -\-wY\O\\M~. e~\c.·leM~ 4\ ~ 3
    ~::. ~~ - ( h, - '-"4$) Y'4. ::. \l 'Z.CL41 I£! l ~ ~ ft4:: vs Lo,
    SWe. 5 roc -\.SQM.\r~\.c. e~FS\~ ·.fu:f0V-S'" ~ \A.o'Z.~~
    fros s :: Cfsl p", ) f(~ :. \.8.\\3 • \t\ss:::'~ 2.5. b l \c.:J I ~
    Now) lV\~ ~ lSeM.\-roQ"\C. V\c-z:de e~c.·1 ~
    \rs :. ~ \f;.s = V\r-\ 2. C\A,,\ - ~ss ')

    =. (opn') '2.. (\\ "2-CC.41-l9'25.b \)~~ 1\C3N'~


    lcej \ vr
    II'ltJI
    """MIs.~1 : q88·1 m(s

    tJow) C1'f~\~~ ~.q.3l to 0.... (,,0"':\"'-0\ V(l)\.u~ eMc.los\"-, ~ e~~re ev-.'5,~e


    F)( ~ ~ (\rs -v;)
    w~ F',c Is ~ V\e* .f.ovce. a.c..h~j ~ ~ ~hs( "c'l\A.V'W' .

    q-151
    ?J20l>£.-SM q .GtB (Cern·/;'d.)

    'kCi!.. ~S"> ~lol-U {"(Me is, ~w! koYV\ ~ ':: ~'r)«.( 1J"4- I \.\}~
    )(2.11-'-')1' .,
    o rr (8.3\4
    "",,- = ~;: = 'Z-S"ZI ~~';A
    k,.::r
    ) .: :-i/ ,:. ~;:2:/ = 3.444 ...,,'3
    tD I
    II'

    ~ • 2.~O W\I\ ~{s


    \V\ : - :. (,(, .18 ,,~( s
    "30,~ W\~f~

    ~ f", = ("~:1 B "-5 )('188.1 ""I~ - 2~ 5 MI~) II I.oj'M(S2..


    'So
    l ~ I'\0 leN3 NI:. 4\ 8.3 3 l<.~
    f'~o.l~ 1 ~ ··'\uv.s~ \5 ~ .\ofCf:. deveAc~ ~~ ~ ~~",e.) or
    ~ ~ F~~.
    F11 \
    "'N.YlLS-r
    - ':.
    L48.3'3
    - leN <Cd

    +0 fkL '-e.'~

    q-J52.
    I<.NQWN: Covtd.;fton$ ((reo }C/flOWVl+Or -I-"'e ra.rnjef avtal'jz.eJ. li.-t ProloJetfII 'J.Sl.
    E/ND: DeteY'n1lltle, +l.1e ra.flo o.f--I-Itte. +l.t . . t.tsr &-e.ve..lcopt>e( io +"'e. W\~SS
    .flow Y'~te e{. ().i;r .
    SeW-SMitTle.. 6 4WE,1J DATA:

    J If
    A)5VMPDQNS,: (I) The. c,dl1trol volu.me is a+ ~eA~ sto..-Ie. .~) TLte. .force F)'
    (J) i.s tke. net .force a.Clh~J ~ +1.1e. umf'r-ol vokc,Me.
    A1\!M.-YSl;; : A rr JY1~!1 1:1,. s.s /
    F)c -: ~ (v:; - \f"; )
    or
    ~ = ~-~
    = (12,Q - (Oq t( • L.( ) ~ . I N
    1 ~'M/.s4

    = 53ttl~ Nt_
    ~5
    1he. +~n.\St-l.s -tl1~ +Orc:.e. o...~"elcope.J. ~ -I--k.e e~ \i.\e. -rh,<A.S

    I.Tl1e.. effect e-{- f-ke.. surroo.~d, ~3 r~s~ Ut"e 0\'\ +kQ. <:.Drttrol
    beu......clc:u·~ CAlAce.Ls.

    q - ~5.3
    .:.ft
    PROf?JLEM 9. 100

    KNOWN: Air /low~ #trou.gh (/\ hort'1.()va+pJ, weLl- 1'II\,sulfkket olu.ct of CDns~£C.t
    c.re>ss-sectioJ'\(£{ a.re~, :Da.k ~re.~nown a;f-tke 1'",l~tC\~elC(+.
    FIND', D.e~(mlne. the M~lI\i+Me d\'\& d.irecfloY\ e1 ..(./,te V\ef horiz.oni(,{(
    .force e.xev'te& b~ +fte. etue.t W/A(I f)V\ tke a.W-,
    ;scHeMA-TtL i b(YEN DATA: !:fIJ.'!!IJ.'!!'lIL'':!!!!';'!!!.!'.! II'!.~ Tz.=310"
    I lit I Yli :. ~oo kg/m,Vt
    p,:: :(.Co{ ~a.l' /ili/nmn,n,ilii,i"iiitill!,i,ii,ii :: (0 IctJIS
    1j ':. 430 K.
    4)( d:= O,1~t!f\ t=~)( Is -\k {or,ca Q~ ~ <!.uc.t
    \IJO.tl ~ ~c. C4:vr,
    ASSUMPTiONS: (I) The conrro! volume is a:t ska..d.<j 6/-Q.-fe) ()..Kd Gev: W"v =0.
    (2) Poteufia.( ene~y effecfs c1.re Y1e,li~;hle .(3) T/tJe (A,'".. ~ves as 411 idea! 'jar.
    AN4LYSfl>: To -P,~d fhe force Fx 1 w~ neee.( -10 eva..lu.C<Jfe #te velocifies od:
    (j)a.~ ~ f2.' ~trst
    V;:: RT, -::. (fa~f
    PI
    ~ )('l)O )
    (2.c..fb04"'S) ,
    IloS~/M~
    ~Gl""
    I (0
    3
    ", ."",
    11c:1
    =. D.S-fli1. n-»3{1:
    ~
    'Z.
    A ~ 11: 0(2./4 :: O.l>t{q I W\

    Bl.Vle( -= ~ V; : (to 3
    k9 /s)(O.S'"/£lZ.V\fl / b, ) :: IOlf.??> ""'Is
    V; A. C o.O'!Cil W12-)
    To ~l~<:l V;) b ~il1 ",,;,+\i\ +"'~ ~V\erq~ b&\lewtce. evt s+e~ si6.k
    o ~}{:: -jt.~ t n:, l(~I- ~~) +- r: ~[20 2.) +- ~ ~-1~~
    or V-z. =J2 ( h,- (" ... ) + II";" ~
    from Ta.J,/~ A- 2.2; itt I c c.f!> 1.4 3 k'f" /k, o.M.ci ~ ~:: -S lO.~ 1 Ie:!/'=5. rk.u.s
    \11.: 2. ( <.(") 1.(f1-110. CD1
    \C:, II "',I Nt'W{s~ Illt)3~'M
    J Ic:r I k J"
    1+ (0'(
    •
    132.M 'zts 2.

    ::. 3~1.(.0 M{S

    lVow J W'(+~ A~ Iv; -= A \h{ V"~ ::. M


    A \T;. ( O.OC{ q I tYJ'")( "!>~'l. 0 ntIs) _ ~/L._
    1i7..:: M ~ ( (0 ~(s) - (.1 ~l 'l. V\1 ~

    ~ P ~ RT:z. =-( 8.
    '2.
    31
    '-( ) ( 10)
    2-e.ctJ ~
    '0,",..
    ~::
    3
    O,Sqtt b(M"" :: 5''(. ~ J:.~~
    (1.1~11..)
    I 10 >
    FIIA<A.l~ , \..l~ \~1 E<f>' 9, '31 j 'PI A - p~ A T ~ ~ vV\ (v;.- \T,). lku.s
    Fx =. 'rIA v-: ) +(r"&.- PI ) A
    (\f""1.-

    =( 10 V'y.. 3u~ ,0 -10<1.13) ~ II ~.~(s ...1+ (0, Sq<j -2.~) """IIO~N~;-1 (0.01{ q /'..... J
    =- <P21S N C+0 the. (.eft) ~ F?<

    '1-191
    KNOWN: Wafer +lOLOS oi: sfea.d..fj s+a.:fe fhrolA£Jlt\ a. Coll\sta. n-c- cltCtme4er
    horizon;f~( 1'ipe. "Da.te>- {).re icn ourr» fOr flow thf'O(,(.(jYt .fi1e pip=.
    FIND: Def.e.rm'·J1e. +he
    ma.~rli+-~e ~""d dlvech~ &t -fhe. hor i'Z.Dn~{
    ftJrc~ needed +0 nola. #te pipe. 1£-1 pleu.e.
    SCHeMA-TIc. $ 6>1 \lEAJ DA-;-A;~
    (i~l.\l4 F = - =-, n; =;l.S Ihfs
    r
    c:: - -
    wa.~rL-1- __ ~ ~~ 0(: 2.l~.

    '70°F II:>f/lk2. 2
    Lx P. -!>
    ~ r,
    :. -2.

    A$SUMenONS: (I) The Gqnm,l v~lu.V)\e. is a.t .s+ea..~ 5-ht-k. . (2) The. wa.te r i.s
    "rtlodekd 'l~ It'\coMpresslh le I c,(,nt-'" 1.1:= Vf. (J, 700F' (3) T11e Qr12Q. f) f fhe. pipe
    j S U1'Y1 ~ 1-0. ra,t . .
    &lA-LYS\S: 8e;) iV\ w',fh +£'e. Wta~S hcda.l.1ce

    ~ ~ f-~ =l> 'r. =\f",.


    NoW J appl<j '''':1 ~. ct. 31
    Fx t f:A- -f~A :: ~ (~~)
    s; -:: (P2.- P, ) A :: (p~ -Pc )(~V<2)
    = ( - 'Z. ll:,f'III\2.) (1C' ~; '1
    ="- - ".2B3 lb+ (let+),dd _
    This is +~e -forc.e at +\1e. plfe.em +1A.e. {-~et J ()J~ \ d", Gods 40 +he J~-H ..S\~c.e
    the, .f.llA,\cl iOree O'Y\ ~ ~\pe is 1t> +\uz. r\j~t) t\\lS IS a.\so+l.te cllreC+l&r\ ti
    ~e ~c.e !"e'",lrt.a to h~\d. ~ fl.pe. "Lr-\ fl~c.e.
    p,::: IS ba.t
    7j ::. 3401(
    \T,'"::. 20 M (S • .s
    Lx
    ASSUtY1eTlQNS~ (I) Th~ control Volu.me. is a.-f s+eo..~ sf-a--ie) wi-l-~ ~c:v~::\,;,cv=o.
    (2) P()telll+(()l(~Vll.rtjj e~ec~a.re ne.!Jl.i~.ibl-tL .(3) TAe a.ir is modeled a.s Gtl-'\
    idea,1 3a.D) w~uCh CAM. rll"..cJ..a!j be vertftec1.(4) F-orpayf Cb)" lef 1;;= 3001<
    ~n.&. 'Po = I bcvr.
    ANALYSIS: CO.) To fl~cJ.. the. +orela rx) 'Us~ E~.q.31

    Fx ~ P, A I - p:z.A2. = Wl (v;.- V; ) (~)


    Now) .f.J~c{ v-~ u.s l~~ the. e.-terlfY ba.(~&.tce fer ftte s+eA~- sfet+e. ccwfrf)f vo£u.,me
    o : Xvc:.~o+ m [(1.,,- hz.) H 1f;~\r2:2.) t-~ ~~)J
    wl1eV'€.. ~, =."';1.. =. ~. -rk.u.s, w;+"'oI.a.+tt.. -froM Table -'\-22
    v;. :: J2 Ch,-Lt 2,,) + V;2.

    : 2.(~~O.42 - 3DO,(1) J,..:r 1'1<~·*",Js2.!1 JO.3 N · W\ /.,. 20


    1
    M2./S '2.
    k'j I tV ' 11c.:r
    =- 284,1.{ VJ1{s
    tJex+) c.a,[ud41e A'2,.
    A"J;= n:2.2. :. 7.SS'IXLO- s YVJ '2..

    e..~
    .
    111 ::.
    A~v;.
    ~
    A~ v; f'2.
    "tJ"z.. R'\"Z-
    = (1.95'1)<10- S m'2.)(2.8£f.4 ~(s)('t 11C(,f') !lOStJ{wt'Z.] I
    I ~J
    ( ;.8.Q1
    EL~I "1 kJ" ) (3t90k)
    Ie:., '1<
    lbar lO~N'1NI

    :. 0.2-335 ~/s
    Fur+~eY'

    q ·-15"
    PROf!JUEM q. J 0 Z

    5<:,1 VI JiJ, (~) for F'i(


    Fx = -n.? ( V; - V; ) +- rZ. A~ - P. A,
    I~sev4-l~ vA(u.es

    t; :. (0.2. 335 ~ )(Z8£(.4 -20) ~ I, ~~IS:l1


    t(q har )('1.8S'tXIO-S»1Z}II~~~~;11- (, 5)(7.595 XIO-'f)I'OSI
    = - {007 tJ~4 "";';
    t +0 ~e. le/+ ---
    .
    Wi+k E.d :. To (r(.v ) ~ ~o\v,~ ihe. e~-\n?r~ be(\Ctll\ce. +or- 0-,,,
    .
    eel =. To ~ (. s z. - S I )

    ~ -r;, nil res:--: )- R. ~ fZ./?1 ]


    Fr-c:>rY\ Ta.ble A-22 j 5,0:. 1,827Cto k...J/'=,·1<. ~ s; :: '.-'0203. 1'kus
    .
    e~ = (c3ootc)(O.Z.33 S ~)r(I.702.03-1.6:n~o)_(:B.3IY )~(.!.)lkjl' kWj
    s ~ :J.B ~1 '5 IJ IcJ I 1 JJ/s I .
    :: ,. 452 lw-4 Ed

    '1-/51
    PROPJLE#l q. J 0.3

    KNOWN: Ideal 90s o.f "'" kt1.own fe rnpertJ.flA.re .


    £lALQ: ])efe.r-m,v,e +~e SOttLe. veloeify,
    ANM..'IS(S~ Ef·t:t·37 tJlve~the Sonl'c velocity.

    (cA) Alr-a.t hOOF =S2.0°R.. :::t> k =J,1f CTahle. A-2.0S-)

    Co ~ JkRT J
    :: (I. Lt) (15'15 ~4-.
    Ibf )(S200~) 132. 2 +4 .Ib Js"l./
    \ 2e~ '1 II-, .0R, I U'f

    :. 11/8 His 4iiil~I----------------~


    (17) D2 a.f f/oo Ole. -=I>' k = I. 3c..S
    C. -::. j(1. ~(gS)(I'S'IS
    3Z.DO
    )CQSO) 13 2
    .
    z] :: 13 82 /+ls~.i-- -=-

    (c.) Ar o..t SC/o°R.. =t> For a. mono/-omlctfa.s) lc > 5/3 . 7tw.s

    c. > (5/3) /.IStiS \ (5'i0) 132.2.\ :. /DSq IHs 4 - ---.::::.


    l ~CJ ."24 'J

    PRO(;C€"M q. J0 4
    KNOWN: A -Pla..sh of / j gh f n I V!9 is s/~h fe..d.J And 3 sec.arids: Ia.fe,r +ltuA~d.er
    is heo: ('ot, .
    fIND: Esf-Imttte. nC9w fttr a.wo..~ +t,e sfrilc.e WA.S.
    A-SSUMPTlONs: (L) The (Ai r- is tLt 20°C = ,;2'731< .C.z.) The ;cle~/9a.s model ss
    Cr-fp hea.(, Ie .
    AMA-LYS(:; '. From Table A - 200 J k = I,if. w,.+~ E~. GJ. a 7

    C::. (J,'i) (~.'3J4


    .2. e ff 1
    k.J"
    I<"t;) '1<'
    )(z..4:f~k)1 J Icj. M1SZ.ff,03N. V\I\
    , ~ J Ie. \i'
    I
    =3't3 M{S

    f"sh ~ ~+ I ~5 +ke tl~te.t,N\ce. d

    q <! 58>
    PRo0lb1 &f. lOS-

    KNOWN: Sf.eAm a. t fA. lJ l've Y'I sfa;le.


    E.1l:ll2 : Esft rn aJle.. -fl.1e SOn ic, veloc,il-J usi ~9 cJ.tt-I-tA -fi-r>rv) Table A-L/ and
    us tJ,,!J +he iaea! ~a.s mode]. eot'Vlpt:l. YtZ .
    Betjill\YtI VJ9 wi+l.t Ef. Q• .3bb

    c. = J(-l7~) e: "j-c--tr-2.)--- ~)
    .A t r .s

    where tke parl-ied den'voJI've is es·I-tMo.+~d bfj u.s I i-Jj olt.f-feyeVtces 111
    da.:f~. A+ r=3(gf!)°c/ p :~cD bCU" : if~O,()4'3'3/ Vllt3/k ,
    -labu{a,,..
    S = &.3 782 ~::rlk<j'K
    Iv,J·'€rf"let.f'Y\J lj;\ utj'tc.~u.* +cchle c..olU.Ml;\5 ~+ +le .s~rne. eV\rrora-
    T v u h s
    3
    °C m /kg kJ /kg kJ /kg kJ /kg . K

    Sat. 2602.3 2801.4


    280 2680.0 2901.8
    320 2767.4 3015.4
    360 2845.7 3117.2

    p =
    80 bar' =
    8.0 MPa
    (Tsat =
    295.06°C)
    Sat. 0.02352 2569.8 2758.0 5.7432
    320 0.02682 2662.7 2877.2 5.9489
    360 0.03089 2772.7 3019.8 6.1819
    400 10.034321 2863.8 3138.3 6.3634
    440 0.037421 2946.7 3246.1 6.5190 ,.
    u,~ I ~~ thes e vo.l~s

    e :. - (O.~l.I3al
    2.) ~
    hA 3

    -e
    (BO -'to)
    (.o"?I{CQl -,0 sq'tS)
    ~ I SN'~"L.'I' ~'M(S~r'
    '0
    I bar I tV

    == 5"fQ,fe, Wl(s ..... _

    (}SIY.~ the. tu.~c.1-L(,Y\ .fer ~~O ..l·lA Table A-2l : "r :. -Z.()3~ k.~/~ .,<.
    ().JM:t Wt-l-IA '7:." R/(lc-/) " k.::. i. 2q 3. -rku.s J CkSSlA.(\1 ,jI\~ flv2. lc(~
    ~Q.S vy\otA~l

    c ::. It:: RT :. (I. 2C(3) (~·;~t2)( b33)1 lO~ j ~ (01"1.5 V"l(s


    The. (d~~ at>-s MO~~' CAff~ 10 f>l'jV\i -fiGd""tLti O\ler-es+'\l\Acde ~ so~ic.
    ve.locl.'~ i:t:t t\tL<alV~V\ s~.
    l(:t,Jow ~ ~ etA. rbon at 0 xi ete 0'+
    I h(Nr'" ~c1 ~ ~ \ veVl Ve-lDc.tJ.
    (:tNJ;2: fiof fu ~C(.C.lA \-\.u.Mbe".- vevsus te~eY"a..+u.& V"~lI\~(~ fv-O)'l(\ 250
    +0 /OOOK.
    A-"SSUMPilOtvS: T~e. ~yloo~ d·lO)('~e. is 'Mode-let! 0.$ a.\I\ \&e~d ~«s ) as CAM..
    be vt"yif iu-t r~o..dl~ . l,

    AN A-L.'lS!..?-.·· 5,("·~f'-€. coj('A.,l/c...t-tm -(c;r T~ Z 50 Jc;.. flf"orva Eo. q. '31


    c:: VIF-Rr
    Fr-orvt TeJ.,J,tz. 4- to J a.f T=-ZSo k j k:: I. :314. 1'~u.s

    I: =jQ.314'1 I.al" Ic-T \2501::)1' 1c.~.m's·Z.II,03N·~·1 :. ~4't.l WlI~


    '\44.0 I k.~. K J ' N 1 k:I'"
    Now \ w i+k '\(':. 4{(,,0 Mts
    .H:. \fIe ~ 1.847
    T~e. ~ +Or ~Q. Y~t\.(,,\.r~ flo+- a~ o~~ l(..S\iA~ IT; as .(.olLol.Os :

    ITCode
    T = 250 11K
    V = 460 II mls
    IT Results for T = 250 K
    =
    ep ep_T("C02", T) ep = 0.7944 kJ/kg'K
    ev = ev_T("C02", T) c, = 0.6054 kJ/kg'K
    k = cp lev k=1.312
    R = 8.314/44.01 e = 248.9 mls
    e = sqrt (k * R * T * 1000) M = 1.848
    M = Vie

    YLOT:
    Mach number of carbon dioxide at 460 m/s
    2--.----------------,
    1.8
    1.6
    1.4
    1.2
    1
    0.8
    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    O-+-,.---,.--,----,--...,....-,r--r-,--r-,.---,.--,---,--.-~
    200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
    T (K)
    Note. ~eof f~e SO~1,(·" ve.lo~ ~ l'I;\Cr~~es wi+fA -+e.V\cfe¥'a.~. 1lw.s, ~ MA~
    VlU ..1It I,e..y- cl.ec.r~~esJ 4$ e'KfLcfaJ..

    1-llR 0
    PAoeLeM q.l01

    KNOWN: 1J.eetl ~a~ da.ft:t a,re known} IncllA.d/~ 7;, ~ v-; tH1.d c.
    E INO : J>.erkrm Ih~ fltt.e. JVlAe-l1 ~(,(.m boe t"J sftA.tJ no-flint -fe.W1pera/ure.1 a J{.cl
    sfO-lJ na. ft ox, ptr! 1'sure .
    NJA!.,ySIS~ (6.) 7= 5204:>~ p=zo 1l:ff{,'II\"Z- T Po
    To
    'V 'lQ<a
    11 :. C : II'S = 0.805
    To .f,hol the S~Y1'ttl~ Sfc<.te.)tA.se ~"'"~ Table J\-zze.
    ho :. h + )[:'2
    :z.
    - I Z. '{ 27 8 k.\
    - . ib + ('iOoz.2-#Z(
    5 "I I I L.f! II l 6Ju..
    JJZ.2. Ib·fi'(sl 778 M-I})f
    I '---------
    ':: l'to.Lie; 6J.1.<11l~
    j lIJkN'polttf,'V\j iL1 Tohle A-22G; To:. 587.C/ oR.. ....c;----.---------.,;;,
    .Also J fr(T) = 1.2.''17 ~ (PrC-To ) == I, 8h 33 - Thu.s
    F:,:: freTo) p :: 3().68 Il,f/i"'7-.. . . .r -- -J.,::.

    p((, T)

    (b) 02. at CJoo4'R,) .2lJ 1J,f1/147.


    M. :. c.... ~l)O
    V"" = 1"38"2.. '::, 0. "5 (40~,..-------------------
    w;.fh cl.a.~ frurn Texlo/e A-ZSe.
    h o
    = h + ~2 (VkO(.w.f..)
    Bokt
    = h331·'1 lb V'\ o l of- (
    'too ~ ft2fS7.1
    2.
    I I~f
    ) 32.2 Ih·(~/s2. 1i6fl·tbf
    II
    L 8k.c. I' .:n .00 I/o }
    1 '1?~ol

    = (0855. '2 Btu/U()~( .:::t> To =Q&Q.2 0R..~~ _


    To

    To +J~d It>
    o : :. $4D(To) - ~ocr) -I< ~(Po/p )
    n" p~ __ SOC1'D) - S°C.T) __ 53.:2."12. -5Z,(D88
    )lAA p : O~ 21 gQS3
    ~ I.'l0"

    =t> Po = 2 b .43 }l, f I,'",'2......~t----------------L.:::.


    (G) Ar ai- S'IooR } 2D 1l7f/,i..t2..
    .tt == \rIc. : qOO/,05CJ :. O.23S4l~-_------------
    > 5
    For f/4.,e. mOtl4T"'C7mtc. Sa.,)
    1 .
    ~f =. i:, l< = 2.. u., e, ) ::.
    D.12Lt3 Bht/lh .oR
    c3~.~"n
    r: :: T + L2.. :. q ODOR. + qoo"f+Z(~2. 1 J (bf I ( BIv..
    o 2.~ :2.. (.12'13 Bk.t/ 'b'o~) 3 2.~2 lb. fI.(s% 17i8 if· tbf
    '= tD3l!)~R. oIIIII!~~------------------~
    To
    iG/jc._1
    AI~o , 2-
    ~:: (if) r :. :J. 8. ca: tblllJl\ .olIi!!419~----------"'""
    PRO&e1"1 q. we

    P, :: , S Ioa.r
    ri- 3401<
    ASSUMell0A1~: See soLutLolll
    to Problem ,. toz:
    V;-:::. 2C) Wits •
    AA/M)/SlS ~ Fmrn Tetble. Jr, 20; k = 1.3q~ ;/It Me. feMperafure. n:1I't~e. "f fk~j
    probleM. TIu.c.~
    e. ::.Jr--k-«-T,- ::: (/.39,) {B.gl'{ l,~ )(3ttok)IIIC<J.''''''S~IIIO~N·r'YIr
    ' I 2.8.' 7 ~'I< I I N . 1 ~:r
    :: 3"9.5 'mls
    H,
    11. \ ::. V7 Ie, '; O. D54 ~~----------------

    C-z. =: j/.3e,q)(~:~~)(300) 110 3 1 o:.3LJ7./ t'tt{s


    .M."2. -= v;,/c z, :. 0, Blq ~ .J1 z.
    from +he.. evret"g~ hAIMlce -rhe s~ntvh.~eJ,(M(Pd is fJ.te '5t4W1e aJ -/I.e inlet o/.1J eXlt:
    j

    ho :: hi-/- ~z.. =. ~1. 1" \.i'Z..


    =. .3 0 o.t q.,.. .2.EYi.L(
    ~
    2.
    j--L
    10
    I : :. 3,/0. (,3 us 11<7J
    3

    FrOYV) Tt:tbJe A- 22 ; To, ='7;,z. = .3'10.2. 1<.


    At- oUte ;JI1I-et) P".. cr., = I. 627&jo . Also, Prc.ro) =/.82851. 1kuS

    Po, : [PreI D
    ) / Prcr;)1 PI : :. IS .00.5 bo.,r -oE~...-------_lh.
    Fuv4t<er") pr (T7.) ':. J .70203. Tku.s

    'Fbz.. ': l Pre,,,) / r.. . (..T~)] p~ '= Cf .fcoq blVY .c:llcal----------___+_~


    V,SLla.(,'l.,nB fhese.. sfo.ks em. £A -':"s dlAjrfAYK ~

    T
    7¥' ~ _
    I
    ",\
    ~, w~
    _--L
    '. ,.
    '('Y
    ,
    o ""
    'k, =702-
    1.

    .s

    /(/
    KNOWN: W~ter VfA.por flOWs. w"rltt k-n,own prnssu.t'"e) feWl(J4ra:htye) tA nd
    ve/cx.it~.
    FIND: us,,;,~ FI~.A-8E.) defe,rrYlIi1e.(a.) ffte S~Ylt(+t~eHl'~'i>.j) Cb) the
    sta.~ nC(fto'"" +eYl4fll'rQ."'U~1tlnd Cc) -fhi s~J1ah~ pressure?.
    5C H-.6MMI C. 6 ,( V€tJ DM-A ~ T= "cODF) P = SOD U:>-f;'~~ V-= LeOD f+/s

    IWAL.\{515 :
    (0.) h ~ r2'l8 ~,lb
    ho : h.. . 1£:'
    Z.
    l.
    - '2<18
    -
    ~
    lb
    to (1000'2. .fI'~s2)l--
    '2..
    ,lbf
    °)132..2 H·lb/s~
    11 '178f~'IW
    I 6k,t.. .,

    '=. /3 J S &kAtlb
    (b) To -:; fo~5 OF
    "') po ~ boo 11:,.f/,~L

    r 13SO ~H--/l-~-ff--ie-----,~~f---+~

    1s J 3' 8 T.::(ooo Of

    o Iz9 8 -+~#-w.**#=~~-tt--iL-----+
    .......
    .1)

    '-
    u
    \))
    ~ I2 so t---#---+- -'f-----J<-

    '\

    12.00 -\:)~.:fj
    V5'/ i
    1.4 I.S i."
    spec;iltG ell\tr0P':11 P»t.t/lb·4Jt(.
    I."

    \ ("I.
    IqJoWIJ: eonetLtlO,u Dr s+U\W\ .fLoWI~~ ~ 0.. po.r+I·c.(,.d~r loc.llth~ l'" c:....
    PA n~ (2.W~Cj a..re Ie. ~w ~.
    E..lli!].'. D.eterm,¥\Q. +he s~clfl·c.. e.~+hc:dP':1 Ar\.e-( veloc.l~.
    ~ 61 VEt..) DATA:
    5ctfeMAilC.

    ~
    '07'0 =7 J,,,,,.
    =.
    400°C.

    ----
    - ...
    :~
    I

    ...---'
    t
    ./

    p = 3 b,v'
    hJV-
    ANALV5IS: 1.,0: 32'08.,) .so:: 7.h3So 1<.;]"/4·1<. (Table ~-4) s
    M P = 3htV'" J S :'So =7.10350 ~ h =. 3031.5 k::r/'=j""
    .... _
    'Thus J from he:' k+ v'tz.
    \j :. J ~(ho-"')
    ~ j 2. ('32.CgB.l-)03LS)g
    k,
    11 ~'lI\II(s2.1·f·
    1N
    'OiN."'"
    1 ~;r
    :: {g88.8 'M{s ....~I-- _

    PR.Ol>LE~ 'L 1 J I
    bJow",~ I~ofi.c.. flow 0+ ~l.\ lc,(!~\ ~(;\.S w\,",,- COI\S+cu.c.;' s~cifLC.
    l-lea.t 'rt'A.tW.
    FUvt>: 'D.eV4-l0p fu. Y"e.\Ah.~: T¥/To ~ :1/ (k +1) .
    ANA-LyStS: ~e~\V\ \.U.\~ ~.G\.50

    ; ::'1+(~)M2.
    For .M.:=. (J T:::. T*. '\k.u.s
    ~* : ,... (~) _ k ~l
    <D aMJ.. Tit' 'Z.
    ~~~~ ~
    PROBLEM '1./ tz ~

    KNOWN: A ~a.s exp~nds isentropica.ll~ thY"OLl1~ ~ colllveY9,n2 nouue. :Jj-Dm


    tt. la.rge. ~nk., a;f- k-llown prenure t:Mttd fem.p-t-,..~ft.a~e.
    FINn: Deierm ,he. +he. crfhca./ pre~su.,..e
    +empera.~Ye T.(\
    r"
    fAYLd itte. CC('t1?Spon.dl~:J
    If the qCc.~ is (tAl a.ir.l (b) c~t'6o", ollo~lde,.
    0. "'-fJ (c::> ~c r: v()..f 0 r .

    5C IttGMMlC. E' (vGtJ DA:rA:


    T

    Po:. g bar p" '?*


    To:: Soc 1<' I
    1
    T'*
    v-o 1---'

    ttA)'Jk.
    11 :: I
    s
    ., I'tSSVMPTtoNS: (J) The conhrol volu.me is a.t .sfe~de.., siufe I wiflA. Q"v::' =0 • klct'
    (Z) The 9~ expands i~elltfrC)p;~IUj. (3) The velocity In
    ftte fcc.""k. j" h~litj;j,}e.
    The ~as l-otlofPS +he ide«! 9u mQde.1. To 4.VO;c.{
    ('1) tie rM-Lo.I\.J fltespf!Gific.. heAk
    are ~vt as c.nuIuI;C;T) ..(va.lu.a;fec( aA- 4S0 1<.
    ANAL-\'>LS: WifLt ,,"ssu,.-npnot\ (4)/ ~~ 1.s0 ~nc( e:t. S / o.wl~. E"vtd lA.~.J.I~' e~lA
    one for M :: f J re~(J€cf\.ileL~ J 1ives
    To kt-t
    T4:: ~

    l2. ::. (!=±!.) ~Ik.-(


    pIC z..

    (0.) From (able A-2-o.) a.f T::: 450 /<.,; k: l.1Q( (~ir).
    T~ = <.f 1<&, '2. k. < T~, p/flt
    1'* :. If.~:~g b~"..

    (1:» fforv] Talole A- ~o j ~t T:;: 4~O l<.; k. -:. t. ~ '1q (Co~)


    T l' :. If\{ ~.<O K ~ r'.r:
    p~::.<..(.4$Co
    bttr
    (c ) E"(tlt.t4.tl~~ ~ uSIi1~ ft.e reb.+t~ j", T4ble.A -Zl f« It-z..D j IIp-= {.q1"~~K
    A-l So c.
    k. = ~ = {.11S'
    'TluAs T~ = t.(>2.0K ~ rt,P'"
    r~ ::.l(.~4Y b~r
    kNOyUJ,: Carbon. c(/(,xide 5"5 d"scL1.a.r~e.s ftvrYlC{ La."a.. fan" fltt,r"UBtJ C\..
    ccn"e~cn~ no zele, The /1'1"+;0.1 ec:>ndlrl·O!1.S IV! -#te-/t:4.nk el~d
    Hte pr~~~c..c.re Gf HIe Surround InjS «re: kYU>e-un.
    Esflmate, #te. pressure. ;11 fl"e 1-a.vtk.. whellt fhe .plo(;.) t-trsf-
    ceases 10 be chok.ed..
    5CHGHADc. t ,( V5N DA=tf4 : T

    S
    A5SUMPflONS: C/} The -fa.n Ie.. pr~:s~<.A.Ye.
    c.nCA.n,es slow/fj J and +he. ccn-Jn,1 volume
    ca.£!' he.. Corlsider"flc.( ok> be. 4+ s+e~ ~f(Lte. -For snort perl"(,ds !)f flYHe.
    (2) The e)Cpa.nSlOl\ c.~Y\ be ~s·\c.(ereO( iseV\1ropic. elt Q.~ tl ~e .('3) The.
    ca.rbon d"oxide is m~c.(eleo( a.s lUll idecd 5o..s W'I+l1 Cb1\S~Kt. speC.ifiC.
    he&<.ts.
    AAlA-L,yStS: UVider#Jese. a.ssu.rnpftOl\S" Eg. 9.5{ ~n be ~ppJj"dJ witk..t1:.(
    it> see i f t"e fWw is cltok.e.J.. )
    po [ k ] k/fc._1 k/ fc.-I
    Pl ( : : I +- -i! ( l) :. (k.~ I ) = J. eo
    Where k.:: /.2."1 Cr from ia.Jole. A- 2fJE at- T;::. 7~O o~. 'For fJre ,'ni+ iet ( coVidiTIOf\.S
    ,'J1 ~Kk.J p*: 55.S" llof/i","'. rkis i~ 5 u.bsfet k f iec liAj Cjrea.fer+kQII\..
    tfAe
    tl1e pr~s~(,,("e. in -rk€. su.Y'rol.'ndIlA!j s, Ph =l'i·1 l I"f 1,·k'2...
    . As +h.e pr~SS(Nr".e. itA -tl.1e faV\k drops) the ~eS'su.re 't-t ~ no azle
    e¥:l-t cd so ¥~s. The.re-fof'e.J o, r,>\a..t.t'lbl-e es+tMciite ef fh.e fcul\k..
    pre~~u.(.e. WV\eu.. t"-e. \l\.ot:z.. le Cecdes 4-0 btl. ckok.e& i-s oh/-tM..;"'ecJ w~eLv
    Ph:: p" ~ l'(.7 ILfII~'L

    (po) L
    CV\.O
    k"
    l ""1
    ::. U'1·1 )(I,e) ::. 2Cs,c'l(P Ibfll·It\~.... _
    c~c..~e5

    for -tn.V\.k.. f\"'e~~u.('.e.s lower ihcU'\ +h'lS VAAlAL) the. ex'\,t -V\QMe. rt'essWll-
    wi \\ "'e. 1'\.1 (bf (..",'2..) OM& tltt e Vt 0 2:t.le tlow W·l LJ Y\f>t be c~olc.et! .
    kNC>Ulli·· 0+e"\M e.)cf~lJt{.(s iseJAfroriud~ thVOLlc;'" o: ~veY"~/i1~ Vlozz(e from lk.
    IOU"~L 'f«.1ilk..1/,..e ~low is cl.1oke.J.) Cl\.\GA {-L-t~ W\C(ss flow v-a.te ~~ !A·d· pl,,~
    Pr"-e~H..(ve Gt V"~ k.rtown.
    F'''-JD ~ 1)~yW\iV\e. ~e. l'lo'Z-ue etl~Me+eV'" o.t loca:h.oll\~ (,Vke~e. va.not.«,S p'("~ssu(es
    r, "e. snecl"eJ.. ' fD= I,gl bo.f'
    v.. , \ .,.. 1" -r; = 2.go 0c.
    '5cj,f€MA-TlC. f q\ VE:tJ P+"A~ 0

    T,:'1"o ';. 'ZiO°c.


    Fi=ro= 1,~3 ,'.
    "etS" : .'
    \(. 0 \_' r'2.': r *=- I bo. r
    ~:~~~ 5
    A~ sut\-\PTlor\)S.: (Il The. CO}1tv:" vo{u.~e sltwwn wi~ Qc.v=' W'V~O. is e:tf s+ea.~ ¥
    (2.) Tk~ SteA.M f.'t.eo.JrULs. l.sellt+r:o~ICi((Ltj. (3) The ~o'Z;de. IS d.to("ed..("f) ike. . .~ I
    v~LoCA-~ i~ +1Ae. -ffttAk LS V\etjl,~ l/ole I a~ p~tice.l e~eVJ ~ e.fl.e.e+s Ol" be lj~lorU..
    MJM8S1 S~. Fa r eA.clA ce.se ~ be GO"rl~ideK'ee() F, =rl>:: (,$$3 bAr' ~ 7i ::10 =Z~o oc.
    1kus, +ron-, Tcc.£'14 A-+) l1 j = ho = ~O)l,q l<J/~ a.MJ s,::'$o:: 1,~!>'t /(.v/~·K.
    fu,y~) ~e. eXt ve.Loe.i~ t~ fou.&il~ ~ +
    v-;. :: )2 (~o- h-z. \" (I)

    A :: '" 1.1"... "'"'> rC ~'M:' l>-l


    :z. 'r2. - 7C

    f7..:= {,s- bQ,t" h'2, = 2qql{.~ lc:.Jl~ l V,: (.{p)$'~ V'V\3/~


    \1":
    ~
    =JI2.(3011.C\-2.ctq4.~)!:.1Icj !,o3t-a V\l\ I I' 5'N~1 :2.T~.13
    l \:.T 1 t-J
    o

    Wl/S

    1 _ (2..~ls)( I.CR~SS W\3t~) 'l..


    I"tz.- - - :. O,Oll't<;s' W\
    ~ 3.13 w S
    a ::
    'L
    ~) ( 0.01 \ q,
    7':
    ~) r\o\'2.. 1 10 4 (,0\ ~I
    t M~
    -:. I~ .~l.( ~ CYl"\ ~~---- _ _-:.~z.
    (I,S bo.r)

    P7-::' 'b~r" k2,-: 1.Cl'\'t,g k~Ll~ I "'\i"-z.,:: ;z.e,"Lqg Vv\3tl~

    \1"".... ='5'14,0 'vV\ls ) A,,= O.Oo<6<01lo wt'2..) et-z.:(O.SIO ~" ol-I-


    ( ~ bQ,r)
    C ERTEN

    REFRIGERATION
    AND HEAT PUMP
    SYSTEMS
    14JOWtJ ~ R.eh-l~er-d~ 13Y~ is ~e. WOr\£.~j .(!-l~ ill\. 0... Ct\.V'~at ,,~
    (e.fy-'~~~ C\je-l-e.. Tke s-m.-t-es of #.JL ~.frtjen.cM' ~\I1,+en'~ ~~
    1.e~vl ~~ ~ c..ohl,le\A.ser} a.~ ~ evtt.pora:{of -te~er~-f\.c.re.
    C\Y-e. S~Cl~leJ..

    ~'. 'Det.ern\\V\e. <.~) -tlu2. wo~ l""fl\.d" .w, +f..\e c.ot.hf~S50(" )<.bJ ~ l.OOrk.
    d-eVe-lofeJ b~ ~ +u.~i~e.) o..~ (c) "the hee.tt h~sfer -to ""'.e.
    ...et("l~V'ew.t f~SS'l "j f1.'\roWfk ~ eV"forcc.:to(" J e~~ ~y- ~~
    fV\.Ct.~s; of refri~e('Q.\..\:t fLow. '+\SD J k1:e\l"~\~e -\'lR. coe-t·{lc.i.. ",,-t
    of t)Q.(~WIa~ee.
    " -
    <lout Warm region
    at TH

    SC~MATl(.. 2 G>\ VEt..> l?A-rA:

    s
    Cold region
    at Tc
    A5SlJMpnONS: (\) E~clA c.ot'Y\rne~.:t \~ (l1f\~l'1 'Z.e~ Q.S o, C<n\.-m,( \fo""""e ce.+ ~ie~
    5~e.. ('2,.) AU pro~ec;ses 0 ~\u '-\)~r"\\IUj .o.hMA.Gt~ ,,,,\-e,(V\6.ll,j rf,VerSlbl~.
    ( 3) ,~~ to ~(eSSlOW\. a..v..J.. e l<paAASl fni\ ()..rll. o.d.:\.Q.~+\L. <.. c·n ~f~ Q..t\.c. o.~ f>0~-k~(
    ekeV'~~ e~ec. ts tl.f"lL V\~\icj,~l-e.
    ANAk't5lS> ~ F\i-5t J +\)(. eo..",~ ef ,""e. rY'~c.\\>Q.\ ~~\es.
    'Sl-A.~e 2. T~:z.eDC J scd. oCr'"for ~ k~:.2~2.S0 kJ'l~ l ~2.: .'10710 ,,:rJ~.K
    5t-Cl·h_ \ T,:.-IOO() 5,~S~ =t> )(1'=-D.,'73 J hI";:' 2.3(,.'" k.-;r\~
    S\-lA.\e. 3 T 1 ":. 2.~.0c. J S4.i. \i ~\.\U:l ::(> l-\3: tJ"'/~ I 7 3 ::' . !>?>o l. lr:.l/~.\l...
    88 .t.l
    S'+tA.\e. Lf.. Tlt-=--to°,- J ~~ -:.53 ~ X... -:. 0.2.)3'\) ~'t -:. Se.t.1<C \c"Jl~
    (0..) For ~~ c.~'(t"~sor
    ~ -::'(\"'1--\\,) ::. zs.s Ic.T{~ 4

    (b) For ~ ~\'''\tL


    ~ ~(~1-~'t)::' 3.t5 ":r\~, ~~ -:. .;.,.;
    (c) fur ~ e\lllfof"~ttJ1'"
    ~~ :::{h,-\t\'tJ : ISl."l4 k.J'/~oIlI!I"'''''--- _

    ~ u>e«l(.\:e"",-t 0\ ~(2f~n~.w~ce

    A-:Ntert\A"h"el~ j e, ':. Te. ': b.C\l.


    r 1l-4-Tc.

    to-I
    peo 6 L.EtM. l O. "2-

    KNOWN ~ ~-ef-r'~e("o..~t 22 is fu wor\t.~~~fJ~ \V\ 0.... ~C\.~V\o-t va.pt;r


    re-k\~r(Xt\o~ "jc.l4. . 1)~~ lA.~ \c.n.oVJY\ CA.-\- \(o..no~ \OCo.-\-t~
    o..~ ~ ~ss -Plow r~~Q. is
    $fe.C\,{-l'etL
    EltiQ.'. ve-+erM;&I\~(o..) tk ra.-\e o~ heAt -N-Cll.\.Sfer -\0 1lA R-22 f~ssi~
    ~~~ t\te.e eV0{7()roJ-o-r:> \b) ~ t\.t,+ ~V'" \~) ~~ (e) '\i.\e
    c.oe+f""i~wt ~ rr~'W\.~\I\(.e. QOlII Warm region

    ~c.~~\.C. , ",\IbN ])M"A: at TH

    3
    T
    WI
    <)=
    -- Condenser
    We
    <l=

    ooc. O·c.
    4

    Cold Il!glon
    at TC

    t\$SUMPrlOmt·. (\) P-<lC~ c.o~onw* is CtIA.CAl~'Z.eJ. Q.~ e, coy\'~' "oLu.~Q. a:t


    ~te~ $We.. (2.) Al\ ''fc)(Z>se.s o~ -Hu. WOf''''\~~ «~ o..ve. ·\V\+e{r\A.l~ Y",e"f.'fs\\Dle.
    (~) 1'\ul. (.()~«~sl~ o..,;:J.. ~"~\A.Sl~ a.re ~clioJ()A.t\:(". Q-\) ",V\e-+iG ~~r*e.vm~l
    e~u~~ effee:.-ts CLV'~ V\~h~·l\'le..
    1rNAt.'1~l~: f\V.~t) ~w e.~ o~ +ke.. pri\l\c\pa.\ sto..+es(Table.A--7).
    Sto.-{-e 2. T-z. =&'\OD<:. ) 50.+. \I~ => \'\2. ~ 2/pO.7Q \a/~ )~~:. O.81)S \C3'/k,'\(
    Sto.-\-e. ( T\::. DoC. ~ ~ I ~ $2. ~ X, -: • qz Bet I~':' 2'3S·?1 kT/~
    ~ta!e.~ T3~40OC )~.li~~l.C( ~ ~3 ~ qq.'5.3 ) ~3= O. ,"2cr Ic.~l~.t.
    5m\e.. '"\ T"\ -:. O°e.) ~ .. :. 50 3 =t> )(tt:' c. 2.2.()~" ~ h"t:' 'to.3$ k-;r,~
    (C4..\ For ~ e"O-f'O('(l.+O~
    <1\\1\ .... -M (~\ -k'()
    ::. 'S ~ )\ lnt\"'I(
    \: ~\\I\ <00 S
    l3S.31-QO.'3S) 1c."J"II\<.W
    ~ , \ijls
    I :7.l5( kw,_
    ~
    .....r-..-_......;..;;

    (b) ~ Y\e.+ ~oVJer i~\lu* l~


    W~c.l~ :. We:.. - ~-t
    ::. ~ l<.~1. .."'\) -<'-'3- h '4r) ]
    :. (2)) ltoIf.
    (z-~D.l'7 -Z-'35.;i' - ('\'(.53 -qo.'3S") J
    =. l.O Co 2- 4~--------------_-L..";"
    \c.w ...
    ~) 1\w.«:.>, ~ ~e«-iGi.e,~ at- ~r{ofM~"C~ \.s
    ~ =- ~\~ ~ -z.Z.~1 ': &'.83 ~.
    ,- W~,le. LOCo '2. ~

    (0-'2
    PR00<"cM lO.3
    KNowN: A C.(\r~et V'fOY':' 'fe.-fri ~ e:r q,-Ho\'\ l"..'dc..\e (9pa;ra.+e~ ~~
    "-M>\..OY\ re.se.v-vO\V'"' +e.~e~e~.
    Ell.u;)'. t>e+eV"M~"'e. C!)(>QH'Cl.h·",~ ft'"e?su.res it\ fu ~eM..~er o..u.& evaF>0raA-o,.
    fe-V'" c",
    ~(l.fYitj(l.vtl~ 134~1(1,) P~DPa-~4t;, (C-) ~t!-V"'. Co\,) ('€+Yi~UCtwt Z2..)
    ~ (e) 0lW\ MOW\'~ Q.S i'k.e. wc:>d:••"" f"~\~. Ca.l,"\4t~ t~ coe+f.k\~t.Vf e>t
    per~(t\'l4W\ce •

    '6CHeMtrT\C ~ ~,VErt...) DA-TA: T

    ~~

    lelllfl

    fcgxJ
    P..wr.p
    (el Wc4t<
    ®

    l. Re!-ri1er"~t 134 fA, na;s to.ww ()~r"o.Je.;l-\.' p'feSSlL(-es t'kew.... pror(.(~e) R..4.fy"1-€t'"av.-t
    'Z. 2 J ~ ~ M m..,lit I t\ I ~ ~ \ 5 c ~ c.-\.e...
    2.. Waler o~e.s ~ Vt-"'Ij low rr~snue.s oM.t1 ~)ltt)t he fl.-seJ -kJ t<tJ..t/'.e.ve
    +e-~c...hM'es
    /owe-r ~ 32°F.

    10-3
    l(NOWN '. t\etnseV'(l.(I\,l 13tt~ i5 \--~ wor\(.\LA.9 fLuA~ \'" o, CAKt\ot v"fO'Y"
    ret-r\~ er().t1.o~ ~cle. Op«a.+'~ <=to-to... ~V'~ srQCi.Q.lU.
    ElNt> ~ l)ete,("m,-",e. (el) t~ GO ~,..e~sor ~V\tl '\1M"~'It\e. power (l.~
    (b) ~ c.oe,"Hc.I~ of per~rMo.V\ce.
    5C!d6MM\.c ~ (:,l VEJ..J \)1\,,, '. qODF
    , Qo~

    -r
    3 2

    lOO,S~

    -+--I----4--lr-+-liO°F (told r~ron)


    40 ~~fli~~ 4

    s
    40° F
    A5~UMpnQNS '. (I) Eo..cV\ co~one.wt- i~ A.\l\Q.l':{ ~d A.r. '" CCY\+tbl volMMe ext
    St-e.~ c;.~.(2.) All pc-O<.esse" a.re. ''''~t\~l~ r-tveY'St~(e .(~l ~ ~('es\i~
    tMNl e."PQM.~l", Q.V'~ tA.tll A.It> ",.J.iG . (Ii) K\'t\e{~ ~ fotell\.-\-\tA.\ e~ug~ e·Hects
    o..(.e. \'\e~ll ~llo le.
    ANAL'ISl5 '. F\'rs+) +\.)( eo..etA of ~e. fn~ c.~ po..\ sWes (T4ble A -liE).
    Stcde. 2 P2.= NO \b+llit\~) so.i. \t~r ~ hz.= 114,q5""~ J s&.= o;u<.l ~~
    5tq.te \ Pl:' 40 lbt/i~~ ) Sl-:::'S~ =b- X, =o,€nC\q .) ~\ -:. tOt.l,1 '- S~1I1o
    5m.~ '3 Pa: l40 \bf-h~~ ) SA-to li~tM.~ ~ h 3 =44,43 ~) 53: O,oqOz. :~
    sto.ie Lf p'( -:: . 40 lbf/,,,...-&... J s~ -=-S3 ~ x&(= 0,251,\) h &i= 42,51 8\u./llo
    @.) Tke co"'1'res~ fOwe-(' is
    we.:' -M(h-z.-lr.,) -:;<';L~~( {lq.q$'-104,l7..)~ .
    = <01.l eiu./~~L\ ..
    "' We.
    ---------.;..;....;;;..
    ~ tuKb\~e. fow~r is
    W~ :::r. ~ ( k 3- h'f ) =«,,1)( t{l{,tt1> -1.{-,..51) -=

    <.b) Tke. ev()..~r~~ ~eo..t tna.~s~e(" '(",~;t(L i.~


    Q.\W\o ::.. ~ (h,-""~) '::. 3~1.(, ek\1 M\'\
    11MAA Q.\",- 0.1
    ~ e, We._w~ -: . \D.
    L
    -41-----------------
    l) ....

    10-4
    l<-NOWtJ.. Retrl5eY'4"'* 1'?l'lOl. is 4-ke. wOt"Ic.~~!S fl~ '11'\ ~ ·,d.eA.l V~f" - cO"'f>f~5siOJ.\
    YerY"iCJ<i..~t~C1o' ~cle. Opero..t,\'\j tAa.tC!L. Q.re \c..V\.OW')\..
    FIND.. D€+~I(M\·l.\e(0.) tk,Q. c.o~~SSO'" fower' ) <.b> +h.e re.frl~e."'0l.+\"'9
    C4f'\ca~ ) cuul (C) +k.Q.. c.oef.(.u.;ewr ef fe.~formC4U'~.
    Sv~~T~c, tY
    ..!J= COlV&fJ 1>A=rA ~ ..Qout
    r;::--- --::;l
    7j=-2B°c.,
    .,.. i6..1'. U(.
    3
    I
    Condenser
    1

    ,
    2

    ~ :::'.J

    '\ 7
    r;; ---I .
    I I We
    ) < Expansion I Compressor 1<1==
    L ~ valve
    L.:: I
    ~~~ I
    -...
    r;:-=-===
    I Evaporator
    4
    I
    L:: __

    A-5SVMPnOI\JS,; (I) Eo-etA (.O""f0W\elll.1" is t).11\""l~ "t.4!,{ A.S C\. t.al\ml VOluMM2. ~t s-ko~
    'S-\Q.\4.. <..2.\ ~ e.~P(l."'$tO'\l\. ~rov..j'" ~ '4A.~e. \~ "- t\\Nt\" \\"'~ f1"O~S • A·l.\ o~e~
    r(O~~SS~s ~r~ 'VlW,V"~~llcj ,,~vQrsiL,\e.. (0) T~e c.o~resso~ ~ VGLl"c ~~~e
    ().6.l«Jo~he(l.l~, <'4) k\iAe.hc. D.AAJ.. ro+e~ e.",e.r"~ dftcts ec.f'e ~~"Sl"le.
    A:NM.'fS\$'. F\\7T J f\.'l( eo.cM. ef +\o.L f"""'C~Cll S+a+e'O.
    ~tQ..~Q. \ ll:. -vo-c J sC\.t. VAfor- ~ h\: 2.'tt·35 \J/~ ) 51: 0, '1253\c.~l~.k;.
    'Sta-le. '2. fz.:' fSQ.T ~ '2..60(. 7. 2.(g1S b~t"' I 'S-z.:' S, ~ ~"ble. ~l'\+erpo'c::a.ho~
    :.
    \'V\ T Ol.\t>\~ Pr-l2.~ \'ies "" 7. -::. 1. CDi.tj k:r (~
    s..+CcJe 3 T~ :. 1.e°C, ) SM. li\uAtl =l> ~:s: ~8. to I k.~'~
    S\-tde4 -rnrotlh~j pro~~s ~ ~tt:~"5=- e~.r,1 \c.J'/~
    (0-.) Ike. ~\'"essor powU' is
    We.. \: ~'''' .0
    :''M(~-z.-I.\l) :(5~ )\\W\\~'(Z~"1.q-2-'l1.3S)\:.T
    ~ \<Cj
    Ilk""
    \c::r Is
    \
    I
    :. 2.2.12. \c.w ~ We..

    (b\ The. V'e.f..\~e('A.h·~~ CC1f'\c.a~ is


    ~,~:. h\ (~\-Ii\~) :.(s ~~\JlZ£l1.3S-'8."I)~~ 12u\:;7~~",t
    .
    = 3.~2 -\-o~ ~ ~\'"

    (c.) The. c.oet+lGlelA.r of- ~fo-r"rvl(lt\c.e i,


    (!:): hi-h'f _
    l- h '2. _ ' " I - 5. 15 . ~ .f

    La-fa
    \C.NOWtJ', The ~e(e ,'~ ProbleM lO.(P ls W\ocJ..~heJ. ~~ C~(1.\'\.~c.""'~ t\-\Q. eV6fOrak>r
    G.\I\Cl Cc-nde,V\~e.r rre~svre. .
    t:..ili.Q.: D.e-\-e"M\\Ae ~r t~ 'MO~~~I~ ~(!,\e(.().) ~ c.OO\P(es~or power'")
    <. b) the re fr\~ero.t.'-'9
    CAf~C. H~ J Q.~J. (.c) ~ cee ff l(' ie-,,*" at
    y-e rfo r Y\'\Cl.V\ ce,. .
    Qout
    $c,,*6Mb-TlC f. G!\Ver-J MTA ~
    ~t Ia~.~--- --l
    3 Condenser
    ~ q OM
    '\ 7
    ) <Expansion
    L .i valve

    rr====
    I Evaporator
    4 ,," Da,f
    I
    s l.': __

    ASSUMeOQtV$: See E2<Cl.Nf\e. ',C.-I..


    ANM.'fS\~ '. f\rs+ J 't\l( etM:.iA o~ +Wt p-nnc.ipA\ bt-cdes.
    ~t(1.te. I fL:l,1o ~r ) sa-to 'Ul'.lf0r ~ h,~ z'37.Cfi \c.~/~ )Sl~ .q2~5
    StMe. 1. ~= q W soz.=s, =t> h-z.::' 273.13 k~l~
    J

    Sm-\e 3 p ~ '= q ba.r , W. \ i\\;\,ltl ~ h 3 ': 'l~.s" k"J" f~


    Sto.te.Lf TIu'o+H''''j rroc~$$ * ~4:'~~~ q1.5~ k."3"/~

    <,G..l \~e. c.001'ressor fower- is


    We :. ~ (l-t,.-k,\ -:::(5 ~J I~~ \(273.13 -Z37.q7)~ \\ ~s\
    We.
    =- 2, '\~ \c:.w ""'il.;a~-------------
    (bl 1nlZ. refr\ger(1.·h"'~ ~c:"t~ is.
    G\~ ::. 'M (~\-It\'t) =(5 :f~)C Z31.'l1-Q,.SIo,) ~~ \"1..\: t;,n.,'" 1
    ~ 3. '2.~ tol\~ ....
    -4i----------------
    c..C) 1tte. u>e.Ulc.i~V\+ ef ~r~rVY\a.\Ac.e is
    (!>:. h,_~.., :. 3.91 ~
    \ ~7.-~' 4------------------~

    /0-7
    fR03LEM lO.B

    The ddt(" ~~ "'~u.\t'eJ p\ok a.f~ obhu'lAe& USI~~ IT} ttS +0 llows: (See ~€.
    solu..-h·01A. to 'Probl€.M 10.1 fer ~\'\ofle ~udcc.J~lI\s.)
    IT Code
    =
    p1 1.6 II bar
    =
    p3 9 /I bar
    mdot = 5 1/ kg/min

    x1 = 1
    h1 = hsat_Px( flR134A fI, p1, x1)
    =
    s1 ssat_Px( flR134AfI,
    p1, x1) IT Results for D~ = 1.6, Dcond = 9 bar
    s2 s1= (See Problem 10.7 for sample calculation.)
    p2 p3= fI, p2, s2)
    h1 = 238 kJ/kg
    =
    h2 h_Ps( flR134A
    h2 = 273.7 kJ/kg
    x3= 0 h3 = 99.56 kJ/kg
    h3 = hsat_Px( flR134A fI, p3, x3)
    h4 = 99.56 kJ/kg
    h4 = h3
    W =2.977 kW
    c
    =
    Wdot (mdot I 60) * (h2 - h1) Q. = 3.28 ton
    Qdotin = mdot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1211) 1/ ton In
    =
    beta (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1) ~ = 3.874

    PLOiS:
    6.-----------------, 5.-----------------,

    5
    4 -
    P2 = 12 bar
    4 P2 = 9 bar
    P2 = 6 bar

    P2 = 6 bar
    P2 = 9 bar
    2 P2 = 12 bar

    O-+-,...--..,.-..,.--,---,--,--,--r---;---r---r---,---.,...---i O-t-,...--..,.--,---,--,--,--r---;r---;---r---r---r---r---!
    0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
    Evaporator pressure (bar) Evaporator pressure (bar)

    25 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , fer ~l ~ed CS1\tleNtSev- py"e~sull'e..-


    rf"e 'Pcwe..r r~~u--I.· r,erne.vtt floes d.owY\
    20 O!MA ..,1\1z. CapCt.c-i+-j 1'i1(.r~~~s as
    ev¥ora:lt>r.1?r~suY'eliA(.V"~se5. ~
    15
    P2 = 6 bar a... r"e'su.lt:) t'/A.€ coet+'-c;e",f Df pE!r.fc(:.
    P2 = 9 bar W\a.,vt.£.£.. lli\ (. feMes .
    P2=12bar
    10 Foi' +tx.ed evC<f0~ rY'~S~u.v.e. -
    Tl-te. F'fA»Y re.~~re..~ud 1~C.V'etU'~S
    5

    O-t-,...--,---..,.-..,.--,--,..--,..--r---cr---I---r---r---r---!
    cwd -tW- ctAP% etu.Y'eQse5. Jh t:\..
    reslLI.+) ~e. Clle-U-ic ievt
    ~ ees cUW"YL. . '
    '*
    perfol"mt:lMle

    0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1f,.tese. Cth1du.sL~S Me ~r--nt~ Wli(


    Evaporator pressure (bar) re~ to ~"F5 ~1V"4fU.·

    10-8
    ~
    PR06LeM 10.9

    KNOWN', Ref1'l~~~(U\'\ l!'ltt is ~ WOyk.\i.'\~ ;'\.\M.~ \V\ ~lA ick.a.t v~r-c.o~iol\,


    fe~~~efQ:\';~ ~cle. ~~~tA.t'~~ d.~~ a.re \c.~\A)y\) ~ cwa
    ('e.fv=l~ec-(l+\ ~j CAf~C.l ~ is a\ vev: '
    F\t.lt> ~ 1).e+e~M\""'~(0.) t~ GOt\'\f>t"e-;so("' fOwtU" )~) 1he. ~~ of neo..t ~~
    fn:>~ ~ V'eh"\g e ('" ",* Pk.~51~g ""'N)~k ~ ~t\e-lejA.sef') ~(e) &
    c.oeH-\c.ie",* of pef'fcr~4"'c~,

    '5cMeM4JlC- ; (ilVetJ twm ..


    S4t·\ib·~--- --"]
    3 Condenser 2
    I till) Ibfl~2; I
    l.':: ~

    "
    ) <7Expansion
    L "" valve

    ASSVMPnp",S~ See. e.Xo..~\e. \O.l J o..S~u."'"Pt ie~s l- Lf.


    ANALYStS', F\~~t:1 .(,~x eA.c:M. e>of ~ fn~c:~pl.\ "b~s..
    s*o"te \ ?\':. to \bf/i~. J T,:O OF =\:> h l = IO~J~t.( ~~/llP) ~\-: O,1..1CU &~b'0R.
    'St6.te 'Z.. f'Z. : lClO 'h1l1~7: 1 ~'Z. =s. ~ h 2 = 11l.0q fb\14/lb
    '5mtg. 3 r~ ,~O '\,)t-",-~~ J SePt. l\~""ilA =t> h 3 :: ~Ol~~ e-kA./lb
    ':L

    Sto-t!Z. 't Thrott\\Y\9 rroa:ss =t> h~::' ~3:: SO.~l.{ 6t\f./lb


    (a.) 1'\le fe.h-\.~Q.f'(l+\\1\<3 CCtftA.ci.+~ .\.~ USeJ. to f,,"'e:t. ~ 'M."'S~ ~low r~.
    Q.,,,, ':=. " ' " (h,-\''t) ~ ~ -=- &\~ :. ~ +0", 2.00 &luI.';'
    (h.- hat) ( lOl.q'{ -SO,Clt{) ~ I~
    :. 30.S C\ \b/l'\l\\~
    Th.~ ~(es~o, fOWe,r is
    W ~ W\ ("'"l.-~,) :: ( ':lo.CO \~ ) pO ~,~ (I
    c, ;) J I "'\\1\ I '" '3\,OC-( -
    (0
    2.
    'fer' akA.
    I \b "s "'5I ~p6hcI h
    -=- 2.0, 2.1 ~p ....l - - .....:'Nc.

    (0) :For +he C4h~eMser


    ,
    Govt e, ~ (h"l.-~~) -:.(30.s<l)(l11.0'(-SO,(,q)= 'lC{stt."{ 6N/~\~-4 QO\,t.t

    (el the c.oefflc,l<:\A.t "f perforlVlQMc(L is


    f':>:. h.-I,,'f -=
    I h~-ltt.
    l,~CD "'fI!l~i---------------~

    10- '1
    KNowN: Re+V"iqe~lA.t J.::t is tl.\e. wo1"\c.\""3 -(-\\.tAd. ,iA ta.V\ \cle~\ V~(­
    ~~Ci>S'oY\. fef"\je~",~ ~t.l"-e.. OreY"D-t'~j ~A. o..R!. Ic.t\.Oc.u~.
    ~: De~m\l.1e (0.) 11Ae. c.ot'\'f~$$O(' peweI"J (b) +k V'efrl~er~-h~
    CA.po.ci.~J o.JA.J... (C) ~ c.oe.f.fic.i~t ef pcu'.forrrlQMce.
    sGijE.MM\C i "'\letJ l>A-Th\
    -r
    T3~~l.DG
    3 Condenser 2
    I q ba.f'
    L::===-===- _-1

    r;;; -- I •
    '\ 7
    ) <Expansion I I We
    I Compressor I<}=
    L -" valve
    L:: I
    --_ I
    rr------=il -..
    I Evaporator I
    4 /"1'----" 1
    I I II" -'40·~
    ~-- ___ :::'.J sd ,,~.

    (A";-" =(S "",1./ ~''''


    A5~UMPnON5~ 5€e E;J<o..~/e 10.1 J ~$$~h:oM.S (-cf.
    A1¥At.'I5l$'. First) +l'lC e~ct.e of fl\e. prlnc~p(t( ~J.o.ks,
    5ta.fg, , Ii -::.-40 °C J s~t.~,... -=t> h,'=- 2.~3.;L1 \c:.l/bj JS':'('ooo~
    :>We 1.. pz... q bar J S-z. ~ s, ~ h:z. ~ 2~7.5"C{ k~/~
    5hc;ie. 3 h 3 -x. hf ( ~~Oc) :: g5.( .11.{ !c:rl ~
    ~e. If Tkt"crtt l,~ ,roeec;.s :t> ~'t -:.l.t 3 :: g'{.("( k:.~ I~
    @OJ Fi"oM Tool'? )\-1, '\T, :; 0.1.05:2. V\I\'J~. rh~ M~SS flow rA-t~ i~

    ril-=- <A\l""L = (SwNlY\~V\ ::. 13.(0 "-~{M""


    '\it O.-z.oS2.. ~/~
    ih~ c.o~pr'~ssor fovJe;" \&
    '.iJ = Wl (\1-z.-l.\,) = ('3,10 :~l'~~\~
    Co 1
    (Z.81.SC(-:UJ.'2.1) ~ III ':-s-% .
    'W<:.
    ':. ~c.. ("L kWolIIiillili-----------------
    (b) ""e re+.-\~eV"Q.h~~ c"-P~ci.~ ~
    G\iA ~ 'M (V\,-~*) :\T~,(O~J(2)J.1.1- ~t{.(l{) ~ I'"" '~?M\",I ,
    G.\~
    :: 5Lto1 +ems. ~"'4_-------------­
    (C) The. ~e«-\c.\ewt o~ ~.{ofMee.Io\c:e '\5
    (?> ':. \11, -\t\-i -= 2.1 S
    r Y\'l.-\I\, ""-ca...--------------------

    10-10
    PR08LEM \0. II

    kNQWN~ An \t:J.-e~\ V~f-c.o~Y-essl~ f~fr\~e.("o..~oY\. ~e.l~u..s.t$ (A,Mmc.,io.


    a.~ tl\e wor\i.~ ~hAA.q. Dpero.-n",~ aC4.~ ~re. \ZnowV\,
    E IN1) ~ \).e+e-\"n\\'i.\~ (a.) ~ COe f.f l.G i.e.wt' C:>T r.er.forOlQ.II\c:e ~k.e.t (b) +~
    r.efr\~erGl+\"'5 Ct1.p~~~.
    ~(;t6MA-T(C 4 <;-\ Vel.} 1)A-ffi:
    -r 5cl.t. \i et.
    3 Condenser
    I lZ ba1' I
    l.'::_ _ :OJ

    ~ 7
    ) <Expansion
    L '" valve

    _1.0"(,
    rr-====- 2
    I Evaporator
    4 ~--Jl
    I I T.'S-'2.0OC
    s t.::-_-=_-+-_-_-_='-' $ctt. VtJf.
    Qin
    ASSUMPT£<2 "'S ~ ~ee. EXo.Mple. to.f .
    MJAk'lSI S '. Ft'rst J +\.''1' ea.dA. ~~ fk4. f YIVs eipo.( 61-o:les.
    staJe ( T,-=-200C J~o.t.11'tlf()r- =t> h,::'J4Ii.1~ 1<"J" 1J(1,SI::.~.folq~ k;r/~'K
    '=>to.k Z. ?"2. ': 1'1 bM J Sz. :.'E>, ::t> ~." = (hSq. S \c:~r{"1
    ~~te. 3 r", :'ll.ba,r J S~. li~(.c.id ~ ~3 ': 321.01 Ic:~r/~
    ~ Thr-oii h~ f(Oc.e~s =:> \''1 '::. ~3= 32.1.0\ \L::r(~

    (~) 1~4. COe«l(,\el.\.t of- pev~r"",,~\A.ce. loS.

    ~
    - ~\-~"f _ /4/7.'7'1 - 327.() I - LJ. S
    -
    h z.- \.\' -
    IbSq.S -NII.iCl
    - .....01 .<!f----------..1..
    4S

    (b) lh~ ref1'i9erA,n'~3 CA.pIA.C~4-~ i-s


    Q\1.\ ::. Wl (~I-Lt~ )
    \c.~ ) (I'" 11.1~ - :317.01) \c::r
    :::. (-:~ y;r", 1 +0 l'\
    ~ 1.1I kT!M\lA
    I I
    "
    ':- \ 5.S( ~""l!l4~----------------~
    G.llA

    J{)-ll
    PRO~c.eP1 10./2

    I<NOWN: A V\ ideal v¥or- COMP("asS""~ Ye-F... i,errtfLi>-JA Vjc/e o-ses retr-i'jemlAt:.


    1'3"'~ ~s #te. workitA5 fluid· 0fe,ra.-h'v\~ ek+o.. a.Y'e. lenoos n,

    E.lliill: Plof -fltte cDettic.ielA.+ of ferfo~t1'I'H'Ce ~~d +~ V'efyt'i1~ytVt-l~j


    cqpa.cify frJr a. rco1.3.eo &f COrtdut~'2.-XTf +e ~r~ft,(~s.
    5CUeMA1l<::. ,. Gl VEN DAm:
    T ' ' 01W.'', r;:::--- --::;l
    I I
    3 Condenser 2
    I
    l'::
    '''0 Ibf/i~ ::J
    I

    90"f"-+---J' 'I r;; -,.


    '\ 7 I I We
    > < Expansion I Compressor I<}==
    L ..':I valve
    L.::: I
    ~=~ Ibis I
    r;:::------::;l
    I Evaporator I
    4 1
    S I
    l.':__ _ __ ::::J
    I r I :.-lO°q::.
    ~t.V6.f'
    ASSUMPTiONS: See Exa,1tI\plc ) O. I ) t1~S(A~f.(;')\$ 1-4./. Qin
    AN4LY51~: For ~ SbMtple. CAlc.A..dc<+c.~ J (.c))1S LJ'!rsWe 3 fo be sak<,-aleJ
    li\LA~c(. F'-x/;"'J e~c.l1 prr·",c..ip:tl ~:
    ~fe I: h,::: 100.Z.et ekAlII" IS.. =O.2.ZP(,
    T.-=-IOIPF) sed. va.pcr =I> 9J..t,lllb·O/Z
    ~: fz. =: t"o 11?,f Ii~ '2.,) S.z. =s, =t> hz. =/ZO.'t8 0lutlh
    l~O 1I,.f(ilA" so~.li\(,\iC:( =t> ~'3:.47.(PS IOMllb
    S-fq.ie3'. f'Z. c

    ~ : T~ (ottll;'~ proces-s :t> ~~ -e, h3 = 47.(,5 8,,"/11,

    the co-ettic.ielA.+
    -Z,-ir
    * pe..-(-ormcvue IS

    The
    PJ=
    ~- ~ -".4 : 2,(Pi

    re.(.(';tjera.fl~~ C()..p~(,(:f.t:1 is
    ~,'" " ri1 (~,-I,., J ~ (" ~.J(LDO. t~ - ,/7.&$) ~ 12.<>0 ~~:l
    :: I. S8 toKS
    .. l
    '-he cA.~ -for -rite r"£~u'lr"ed plefs 11 re blo+u.i",uJ. u s,1.19 IT; a. s
    -follow'S :
    IT Code h3 = h_PT("R134A", p3, T3)
    h4 = h3
    T1 =-10 /1°F
    p3 = 160 II Ibf/in2
    beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1)
    =
    mdot 6 II Ib/min Qdotin = rndot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1200)
    T3 = 109.5 11°F
    IT Results forT3 = 109.5 of
    =
    x1 1
    p1 = PsaCTC'R134A", T1) h1 = 100.3 Btu/lb
    h1 = hsat_Px("R134A", p1, x1) h2 = 120.5 Btu/lb
    s1 = ssaCPx("R134A", p1, x1) h3 = 47.63 Btu/lb
    =
    s2 s1 h4 = 47.63 Btu/lb
    p2 = p3 13 = 2.608
    =
    h2 h_Ps("R134A", p2, s2) Q = 1.58 tons
    in

    10 -/'2.
    PR06L~ /0.12 (Cokl'c(.)

    PuTS: 2-.---------------,

    1.5 --
    c:J..1

    0.5

    O+--'-,-.,--,-....,.-,----,.-,......,-.......-r---r--T-.--"---'-...,........,.---,--J
    90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110
    T3 (OF)

    2
    ~==========---I
    --
    c
    ·0
    1 -

    0 1 I I I I IT
    90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110
    T3 rF)

    10-/3
    FRo6L6L1 10,13

    'he ~k ~f #le. r~u-veJ flah afe. olo+r.u:~ ()SI'V\~ IT) as foLlows-: (See ~
    soLu,~ .ffJ frololew. 10, u ~" SA"Urle. c,,(CtA\cvf-~.)

    IT Code
    =
    T1 -20 11°C
    p3=12 II bar
    mdot = 3 II kg/min beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 -h1)
    Qdotin = mdot * (h1 - h4) * (1 1211) II tons
    x1 = 1
    p1 = Psat_TC'Ammonia", T1)
    h1 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1)
    s1 = ssat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1) IT Results for T~ = -20°C
    s2 = 51 h1 = 1418 kJ/kg
    p2 = p3 h2 = 1689 kJ/kg
    52 = s_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2) h3 = 327 kJ/kg
    h2 = h_PT(nAmmonian, p2, T2) h4 = 327 kJ/kg
    x3 = 0 ~ = 4.019
    h3 = hsaCPx(nAmmonia", p3, x3)
    Q = 15.51 tons
    h4 = h3 in

    I'LOT.$ '.

    6.------------------,

    CQ.. 3

    0-h-"'T""'T""T"'"'T"""r-T"""T.....,-,--r-r"'-'-.,.,,"""-'---'--'--'--'-r-r-1"""-'-"""T'""'4
    -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -15 -10
    Evaporator temperature (0C) Evaporator temperature (0C)

    lO-l4
    PRDf>LE.M 10, , 4

    ~e da.k tor. M r:1tA..wu( Q>lDrs a,~ 01ohL~V\eJ. t.tSI ~9 +tot, IT U'de t1 WetA
    I \A tke so Lu.-f. ~ Df- pco hleM 10. 13. \ t\ -+1A t.s CtJ.S,e.) the.. VC1.rL~~1 e. -to svJeep
    is f'5.) ~ ~~S0r p'(essu.~.

    PLDTS '. 6 ---,---------------,

    C!:l.. 3

    0
    8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
    Condenser pressure (bar)

    18

    17

    16
    Ul
    c
    0
    ~ 15
    c
    .0"-
    14

    13

    0
    8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
    Condenser pressure (bar)

    10-/5
    PRoBt..EM 10. J5

    KtVOWN~ The ·\(:J.eA.l V~(-c.o~pV'e~5io1l\ nd'V"lge'C"~+lo", ~c.le D1- ProbleM 10.'1


    is ~ot::l(.f\cJ to ko.."e. Cl. (.o\1l\r('essc:>r ~(.ftc.ie~~ of eoo/o ~~
    ~u.~c.oolee-l ll\u.\c{ ~,,\t\'\(\j t~ c..ow.leM.~eN".
    EIt\Jt>: A:V\~WQ( t\M. s~~tL <tu.e;~~o~~ o.s '\1\ -Pro'o\.e.\\.\ \0,'· ~t tAe-te('m,~
    (0) ~ rAfes of e'!-er9:/ de.dtvclI'Oh 'Il --t"-'. c..o~tt or: A.>'\.d VA.l V~.

    'ScI1eMATtC t eo, IJE~


    ,.. T~::' 32
    3
    0" Condenser 2
    I
    L;:
    q bQ.1l'
    r;:: ---I .
    I I We
    " )< 7Expansion
    I Compressor I<J==
    L CI valve I
    \t.c..~' -- J
    r;::~- :::;]
    I Evaporator I
    .s 4
    I
    1.(0 bON 1+---'
    I
    ASSUMPTtOPVS: SetL EXd.""'f\e 10.3) L;: :::'..I
    'USl,\,Mf·t\o)\S l-Lf, A\so, let To ~ 301 K., Q'.
    In

    ANALYSIS: FI"bM~ Sol\A.no"," ot_Pro~w.~ 10,', h,~ 2;1,£\1 k~\~) ~1=O.q2qS k~\"'·t<. -
    Q.W\c.\. h,,~ -:: 213,13 k\r/4 ' l.\si~ -the c.o~,.essor e*lcle",CA:1

    "c\.c.. .. ~:~a: ~ ~z."OL ~\""l~t.\,,-h\) -ZeZ.67 k:r/~ J s%. ~O.e:t57" ,,:r[~.~


    SWe.~ P~ -:: ~ bar J T) := 3;z, 4Jc. -=t> ~l.\bcoolee.t l i~t.ti.C(.) h 3 ~ (31. °c) : 44.;" ,,:r/~
    ')c

    $3 ~C;;f( 31. Dc.) ... , 3L( ~o \c.~,~


    S~4 T~rc:)'~thiA~ rouse;. =t> h't':. qy. 3Cj k~/L:.3 ""3:'
    ~.> ~ -:. .31 0 ~&.f ~ S't ': D,311 q 'l lc.'J'1 k.t'K
    (0,) The., ~~('e$so r fDwer is .
    We.: ri\ (h-c\1,) =(5 Ic.~ ) I~\( 28l.lP1.237.'11Ic.Tj' kw'
    \'Y\U\ \IOU . ~ \ 1<::['/5
    I::. 5.12-5 kw""...._ _~
    (~) The re~l~efO.t\V\~ CD.fo.c.·lt~ is
    Q.\~ ':. m(hl-~'f) :::(5 ;;11\\( Z37.'n- 't'1.~'J )~I ~:l~;7~\~ I:. 3,402. -Ions 4
    (C) Tl\e coet-HGIe.lA-t o~ 1>er-fo'f"'MCi'.lA.ce is
    ~:. \,.., - h., =- 3.212 ""iiI~I--------------------
    h'l,- hI or (~o
    (ell for m ~rE'SSo(,,: 0:. ~Ij T ~ (.s,-s,,) +i-~~, ~
    (E.d )c.o""P = To 'th ( 1i~- S I )
    = (30\ 1<)( 5 ~\I\) ( .q S1CP -.'l ~'is) ~\..Il,,~\; ~ :~(s O.7()S \c.W..
    :..!t--_ _ II I::.
    Fe!" +~ V,J \foe..) s \V\I\\ lo..r~
    (£A)VCllve,. ::. ~ Q-VollI~ ~r----------
    ::. To M (Sit- 53) :. O. S1<c, kW ....

    }D-l"
    ISNOWN: The. \'c(e(.\l v~r- COVV\P(~SSIO~ 're.f-\t"\.~ ert>..+ioV\ c.:Jcle of Pn:>bl~M to. '\
    \5 Ynocll.f\'e& to hQ.V({.. e, CoVkp1'e5S0r- efftcievt~ of ~3 0/0 o..~cA
    "S\.l~cookJ 1i<tltid ex'lt-,i-\g tk.e. cottdeM5et'",
    FIND: AY'\swer t~e.. sa.m~q\A(.stl.oI\S ().S \V\ frob, (0. q ~",-J. de.+eVM\~~
    (ol) f~ exeV!y &t'stm~ v-etks \~ t~ CCMl\fft"f.SD(" ~1A.d. e~'1SlO\\~l-Je,
    5C~EMAT\C. i "'VEt-.) 'MTA:
    T 1<60 ~

    ---I ,
    '\ 7 r;;; I We
    ) <Expansion I COmpn!SSOf 1<]==
    L .i valve ~ I
    '\1(." '1 -- I
    rr ----=11
    I Evaporator I
    4 LO /l"fll.l:l+----' 1
    S I I 1j: 0 QF
    L:: :::J
    AS5VM PT(,()tJ~ ~ See EX(l~f\e. lo,5 J d s"Su.~­
    tiot\.s 1-«1} e x c.ept \'\.c':' gJ, Also) ~t T.;= S:S00t\,
    ANAL\{Sl.s ~ FltS+,) +\.)( ~~ ef. +k.e. fn~c.lp"\ 5~C4.te!.,
    r\"t)¥\\ tlr.L. -:>o\u.-\-~o", 04 ~ro'o, lo.C\ j hl '=- (Ot~l.{ ~ J Sl-:'O.'t~" \ ~)~
    ~'l.S -:. l"!>\.Ol.{ ~wtb, USl"'-j fu. COtt\.f-a:!s50re.ffic.·,e.",,~
    \'\c:= t:S_-tl' =t> h-z. ~ lAl"t-lhl=t,,~ h') = ()(,. sc 8\-<.</tb J S l='=- a.2.l..(aI8~lterc:
    St(A,~e..3 r3'= l80 :~ ) T 3 = lOO°F ::t>sUlbc.ool~~ li%, j h~~hfUOOOF) B~/Lb
    -:. l(t{.t3
    S3 ~ 5f«(00 -F) : O.08<tg6~/l", or<
    SWe'-l- l-t'f =Lt:\= I.(l{.~ ~ ~ S ... '::: O,lOl.q 8-k.l/lb,°f.
    (~) -r~/L rt\4..SS "'low rQ,+(. \~
    W\ = 6. \b ~
    h,- k"( (
    . ( 8
    (04
    \-or\S )
    .C\,,\- \(l{,t.3 ) ~
    I '200 6\u./",\~ , -::. 2.1. '3 0 1~~1f\
    \ +o~
    £l~ t~ c.orwpfessor powe-r i~
    We.:: 'M(~~~,) =-(;tl.10 ~~IA)f'o~~1{(3(,.gO-(O~,'tf{)~lS4~ .
    We..
    7\u/,
    =- -:l.1.1q h p """'..1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. -
    (b) Qou.t ... "" (hr~ 3) :. 'lS2..1.1.. 6lu.1 ~ \IA ""iiI-4l""'"-"------------
    Gou.t

    r, ) ~ 1- h Lt
    \..c 8 -:. ~ ':: l,13 ~tIiC1,-------------------
    \ z, I , 0
    Cd.) For -\-~ c.onvp('~~sot"": ():~ ... M (S2.- 5,) + <f(.QtM.f' 1'1u.ts
    (~~, C<mcf ':. To o-~ '= To li1 (s~- s.)
    = (S500R)().7:~O~.",\( .. '2.qBI-..'-1'tl)~~n. --:..l'SS-. t '1 r,\u/M~l.\ .. (E!d) co~p
    :5i~ i Ittr"I~, .for -fltA.v~(!/~
    (i=tt) \l4lvD :. cr
    ~ v~l,,4. :: To ~( S'f - S 3) ':. ('t~.1 a mu/ ~\"" ""'Mll-------~~

    10-1;
    'PRo8L'E t-"\ 10, 1T
    "NOII)"'~ A 'IAfor- co-,."eul'ol>\ (efri,~rA-h'o"" .r'f~ie~ c:.ll'Cu.lA... ~.r R 1'34 &ul'~ A
    ~O'\Oe.tool'\ M'\4£,f f-loc.v r~+e., "D4L4- ... -.r~ ,'3 ille"" ct-l- VA,.,'Du,.o I Oe.ttP·(JIII~
    0.". -\"'-a. c::.(J""'1(~S.sO\'"' etfl'CA'f'\I\C'1 &.4 Sp~ e.t/t'ed,

    F /1'J 0: Doe+-e r""",,'~ (A) ~ c..e f-fw'ue.-, tOt p~ r{pro ~"l.UL J U~) +h.fL
    ("e~\,~~",,~ c..p"~h.; 1 c.c.)
    -t"M. Nd~1 ~er3~ ciI.l'.fy&lc-h·~ Of
    """ -t~ co~~,o r- o..~ cl ~4\ ve J (d) +'- e&...e.,,~~J' ......:. S'1"~G.t,"",'c... -flour
    ~erto 1 ~ """1f'\~oe ...~ pAS£'1 rl.j +~lA.jk ~ e\l~A.-Jw- 4M.d
    C6V\~f Y\S.r.

    SCijEMA'T\C eG l veW DAT"~


    T

    '\ 7
    ><Expansion
    r;;
    - -, I We
    I Compressor I<}=
    ,

    L ::. valve ! [
    l\.c. S,'" -- J
    W\ :. Co \c.~ I Mi", ~ Eva~orat~ - ~
    4 1.1f btl V" H----'
    I
    l'=__
    s

    A$5UMeno",.s~ Sa.mQClS itA. Exo..Mple 10.3) "ssuMptlo~$ T-'f)fe)(c,e.ptl1..C.='''-Z,


    A-I SO} 11.1:' To: 2ttL.f K.
    AtJA=LVSlS', f,'rs+) f()c e~ of -HAL prJ"'''~pa{ stales,
    ~ T;:: _10°C) f, ~ 1.1f bet... =t> h, =2"i3,LfC kJ"/"') s,:: .'100" kT/~'K
    sttLfe.t.. For isenh-Dpic. comp~ssion ) p2. ~ "l bM ) s~;- S, =b. ~z., = Z."7E!>,ob ~
    U~"~C3 +iA<Z. co~n!SSo(" e",LC\Q.Y\~ ,
    \1.<:.::L hh2.S
    ~-
    -t' \
    =t> l1 ~ Vi
    2. I
    T ~h,.:s - h '1
    \tc.
    3 vr l ~
    ::s ttlz- ::5 J".OP~S- k~ /k.!5 'I<.
    S+g.ie..3 f3 ='1 ba.r , T==:z.\i DC =-'> "'~ ~ h.,(1 ~If = ~ 2.'10 kl"I\l:.Cj ) $3 ~ .311 3 Ic::rf ~'K.
    st<N\Q. Ll Throttl,~~ proc.ec.c.. '* n't'::. "'3':. l!J2 ,~o \c.~/~, s If:' . 330U 4J/~'K
    (Il) Tk€ c.oe.(+lc,',e,"'* E>T ~f'.form~V\Ce. is
    ~a.L
    \-'\,_ (1,
    ~ ':. V\~- ~-r, =- 3.10 """ll~J-- r

    (b1 T~e n~t-Y"~ ero.+\I1\~ CA.p"-(..~~~ ts,


    &'''' ~ 'M (V1\- ~'t )
    =-(" \c.~ ~\v\
    ) (Z"i3.4 0 -82,'iO)~
    \!.a
    \ ~.~{Y\h\ ll/\, t -::.l.j.'btt-\c,l\S04
    1.\I~.J
    Q,,,
    , 0 ~,J

    (C\ FoY"" ~ (..()!"f1"~ss~: 0: Z(~ t- M(S,-5~\ t- a-c.ol't\.p. ~s) t~l\de of ·li!')C.e"5Y


    d~h'u(;tio n 1.4 .J/'T} j
    (tl1)~ ,':. = To ~ ($oz.-S,)
    To G-C.O~f

    =~C\Lt k.)(~~)f~~~1(1.01 35- .'ihotd ~\llti1s'


    :. 1,55 1c.\tJ <1 (iJ)~
    JO-lg
    PRoeLl~M io, Ii (C.o~ t' q. )
    5 i~\l~r\~ ) faY'" ~e. voJve.
    ~cl)'t(l\v~ :. To -M (-s "t - S3 )

    :~'ia.t K)( CD) I~\ (. 330l1- .3113 ) = . 55.30 k.W~ (EclJv.l~


    (~) Tk<l.. ~~e. ~V\ spe.C\~ ~e:- .flew e>,erB!j for Y'e.fn.,erd.~ ~~\t\~
    fk~<:>W1~ t\u.. e v CtfoY"evte-r is,
    (e& I· ef\j.) :=. (h ,- h't ) - To ( S 1- S'f )
    =(2~3.40 - 8z.~o) -~o(4)( .qbOv -.3301 \ )
    CD -=. - .2'1. fMo k.J" I k~ . .'11""-------------
    . (4/- f4,,)
    For 4-ke.. (.C)~cf.ell\,.ser
    (~'3- efL) :. (~'3- "'2.)-To (s3- S2-) ::. - 5.78 k:.:r/~ . . . . . (ef3-~r')
    )<NQwlJ: A Va.pOf- compressiot'\ r.e.f('lc.le("a.+-\.o~ ~S+e.M uses a.mmoYl iA.
    Q. S tv-t. wo ~ \iA~ ~l u,\ d . Det +0.. o-re k.V\..Ow Y\ ~ vo»: Lov..s.
    locC(.h.oV\.S) ~~ W. hC!A.t hKsfer ('o.~ froM J~ wcJrlt.i lA1
    fll.tLd fClSsiJ'\9 f1..trol.La h the. C-o~c.Lev\.se(" lS sfeclf ld.
    J).e1ei"m"-,e (0..) ~ to~re.sSOffowe.Y"' (1Jf\..d.. (b) ~ c.oef.f\c.le.,,*
    of per,fof"MQ. wee .
    SCU5HM)C. 1 <O\.V6~ DATA ~ 2. 300 0 F=
    ""
    ~"'\''b' ,I
    .
    ,,0° • '"
    ~_~" I \'''''
    loo°F....-..-fII.. : ~~ \ 7
    : ~o ) <Expansion
    L ~ valve
    LOoF
    r;:===
    I Evaporator
    4 30 ib~""\'" 1
    Il.':: "'-II I,"" 10°F
    s
    ASSUMPiftgNS: Sa-me a.s
    (lSSu..~
    "n
    E~~~le 10.3 J
    rlS I-q·,eltc.ept- file. COi"'lp;"essc'r
    eH·\c.I.e\l\(.j is l\(Ot' Sf>(.c.i+i'U.
    ANAl\}SlS~ Fll'"5tJ ~l'lC
    eo..ck of.- +hCl. priV\c.ipAl ~~~£.
    Sta.{e. ( P,~30lbW\""1 T,':qo°l= ..-~ ",:. (,n.018~{(~, 51 ~(.'3~1't&~{f6°1l.
    S+ate.:z.. V1.-:.~~lb~i"~( tl.~~OO°f: '=¥ ~'L ~1C.11'f ~~((b, 5't,. ~'.311~ ~~((b°iZ.
    Sta.*e.:3 rl':.'l.Oo(bY(l"'\./T')':.lOO°F-~ ~l~~~.(OOo~ '::.ISS.OS ~\.~((b
    Sto..fe. 'f ft( ~30(~{',,1. i 7h.ro++""" fro,e.s~ -:.') ~'f-:'~~ ":. (SS.OS' \\"""'-{(b
    (~) The. ~Yl"1'('eSSDr ('OWe<" is
    We. :: ri-\ (h~h,)
    ~ "v().l (..\.4- t ilo\ ~ ~-' Q,ou;t _ (SO, 00 0 13+u./~ )
    &ov..t : 'M (~6-~3) ~ ~ ':: ('h 20- ~ ~) - ( l"il."1,{ -iSS,OS') ~(l!>

    - \?2# It.( lb {~
    Thus
    We.':: -m (h"L- IA ,) = (~~.l~ It )(1~)..1l( -(Pq.o1) ~r2s~;G0~1
    -= '-{.11 h~ 0Illll4~------------_"":':"='
    (b) The c.oe·f,fi(. i42""t E)f ?ec faY'"ma..t\c~ \s
    ~\ -- v.\-h~
    h'2.-h, =S.IS ~oQ----------------t­

    /0-20
    l(....,owN: F'cr Doo. \IApot'-CO~UI'O"" reft'I'~"A-h~ C'1Cle.) t ...... ~a...4Io4U"" o.",~
    ~A."'I"'V_ o..\loe..u~c1 ('('fv~,er ... h~ ~UUf"~S cU"'C I AMod 10 bA.l'> f"etpre+ivel'q-'
    j"'k..L GOld. a.~ci CA./AI""'" r.ea,'tN\ ~-r<rA+u.t""e~ C4lro sp~c..r·ed.
    Ar"'e
    ~/1V1): A~j Se\lor..A. c.A.",d.-'d...:b. t.u(),..lC-tl'\.~ fLUI'~tJ dd-c"",-'",e... w~c.L..(4..,)
    CA.~ IQ.,. v, e cl .fw- -tW ~ ~ " '-1
    S'C.~MA"TlC. c:t ~t"e ~ 1)~7.4\: 0' ASS"'MPT~O~~:
    1. T£- re.~l,.r~~ cyetc..
    (Pco"cl)...",,,,::, 10 bev- A.c1 he. (e ~ 1b T ka.. ~~

    ~"t(TH) preul\ fed ~ t"'- V ~­


    T ~f"'''''' C'1ue ~
    s.c., (0,2.

    P.s.t CTt;)
    -+ ~_--- Ie::' O°C.

    (PevlLf)~'" '= I bA.~

    Afo.'Al.~!£ ~,... ne4+ frAfl\S~ to +~ \,A.#O"~I''''' f.'u;d ('4$SI "'j +k"n,~k~


    ~,,~.. ~ .f!"""'" +"'-a c.oLo AR I e".u..tl IN\N~ t h" v e, r'lI\A
    I \t)__ r ~ ~v.. p ~ ~ .. t (T,)

    fi,.,- NA~ tv-A~"fw'- f<tJ\M +~ c.» u' Ic.i~, fl vic! pet Hil<\j ~&.jL.. ~ c.o..... d e ~
    +t;) -t"'-e w",,'- (\('0" "'" I ~ ~S+ "'-et """
    &..-+ (THo) ~ p(O~ s 10 bA.f'

    wo,.ta'", \-I,,;cl +-.Itle. PSAi"(OoC) I\A't (''Soec) -feasi"'Ie..

    R2.1 A-1 +..en "AI"" II f\~IoA"" No - l\-.Hio·C) -f.ok4,,,-


    R1'3,404.- A-IO 2."~ 1·7 ~
    1t~.Mo.. A-\~ 4.'3 ".,-, 1'Jo - B--.t(30o£) -#Do ~5k..

    PIIoO (>-.~ e. A-\ C. 4.7'f 10. i /t1o - PI''''''' £300£) ibo W~~

    JO-'2.(
    KtVOWtJ ~ Av~r- c.OY'Ylpre55le lA ,.e·h,,' ~ev-o..+~ ~de. is used +0 '0'0.,"1;\ -\-lA.\~
    0.. eo let 'te.~io"y\ ().t +emper-ah'Lf'e Teo , Re-fy-',.eralAt cOhc4"h~ o..re
    ~(\Je.\I\a.t VarlO(,t{ 'PO\lIITS , The refri<ae'£l-+'~lJ CCi>~citj is SfOGl.hw,
    fJNU: Plot refr\~emY\.t vYl'\'S tlow YtAie Jcoe~k:,e ... t of r::r-forrvl~t\ce)~
    refi~~('a.+i~j effic..ieh~ versus Go Y'O.}'t5G. &f Tc vo.LU~ aMet-Fo;
    -ti1e retr'~e.r-Q.""\!- ((1) R/34a,., .>Cb) propa..r.L J cc) R2.:Z. J u: a..)\I\l'l\ol'lj~.

    $C 1tf€MA:IJ' t 'WEN 1?&rA ; zs 1- ,


    'SQ.~,I"i .
    T , I
    T. ::~sOF
    ~ 3 ~-----'>.,.-~

    qSoF ' oj
    I "l(,/80/v
    SooF-+----I--+------l~-

    , We
    <J=
    Tc. \
    \
    t:-IS"F-I--~---......---~

    .s Sa4.v~
    ASSUMPTIONS; See SX(l.~pkl 10.2. ,e.xcept Yl c:' 8041)/0. , La\- Tc.
    Qin::' J l'Ol\

    ~LYSl5" ihe. pTc>c€&.u.re is -t14e- SCAYY'¢. .f<rr- ~C.Lt ref-ri ~erGl~. Tl1e. pn v.c.", fA l
    :\e~ we +-llC ed. as +<> lleios "
    -S+o.tel: 7;::. r-- IS ) sa.f. ~bT; h~ AAld 53 o.t T,
    r
    ~: l{SIYtS T 3 ) de.t.e.r"vt1i",e 3 = Pz.:: f}fA.{-~T:' Tke,II\) wj~ ~ r ,sJ::'SzS
    d~MliAe.. h'2.s, W~e", Lt.s'~9 #te supe.rheC«-ed ~tJ61"1" -fo../,tLJ dt>lJ.~e.
    flA+erpof Q.+~ is (ikelj. tJ~x+J ~ ~c. -10 ljR:t 1.11. .>
    h.,..=
    n,+ (~1.S ... h, )/tLc.
    ~' 73 =CJS OF. h3 :' "'.f<i ttS-F .
    ~' Thro-tt li "'~ q>f'O~~S ~ hCf ::.11 3
    To ~e,t 4k.e. '(e.f.~i'fra.t.J- ~c.s fto-w ro-te
    ~::. Q\h
    ~\-k.'t
    The. CDe«-l('le~ at ~erfoy MQ,lACe.. IS
    ~:: ~2.-~,
    '-" ,- '" ~ Tc. (o~)
    F\~Ctl11J' ~ =.
    v_~) \ ~V\ot
    5'1"0 - T~(ce)

    ~'vt re.f --@/ ~~NPt

    /o-Z'2..
    Pf{06U*1 10,20 CUYJ.'d. )

    (J) The d.Gd-~ fo~ t-~ Vl?''6lA.lv-ul flats (\r-e. O~l1tE>J (.l.5\ ~j . lT; ~s fo Hows . showt' ~e~
    is 1he c.od,e ~~moY\~.1lt€.c:.o&.e. +Ort)~~ge.ra",:\s i.s s,~·)It)..r.
    IT Code
    mdot = (Qdotin .. 200) I (h1 - h4)
    =
    T1 TC - 15 /I of
    beta = (h1 - h4) I (h2 - h1)
    eta_c = 0.8
    T3 = 95 /I of =
    betacarnot (TC + 460) I «TH + 460) - (TC + 460»
    eft = beta / betacarnot
    Qdotin = 1 II ton
    TC = -25 11°F
    TH = 80 /I OF

    x1 = 1
    p1 = Psat_TC'Ammonia", T1)
    =
    h1 hsaCPx("Ammonia", pt. xt)
    IT Results for Ammonia, Tc = -25 OF
    =
    s1 ssatPxf''Amrnonla", p1, x1)
    s2s = s1 h1 = 597 Btu/lb
    p2 p3 = h2 = 847.8 Btu/lb
    szs = s_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2s) h2s = 797.7 Btu/lb
    h2s = h_PT("Ammonia", p2, T2s) h3 = 149.1 Btu/lb
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c h4 = 149.1 Btu/lb
    p3 = Psat_T("Ammonia", T3) I3carnot = 4.143
    x3 = 0 m = 0.4465 Ib/min
    h3 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3) 13 = 1.785
    h4 = h3 TJref = 0.431
    nOTS'.
    5---.-----------------, 0---.-----------------,
    4 4 -

    e: B- EJ B
    'E 3 B EJ B EJ 3
    :c
    ~

    ·E 2 2
    --f's-- R134a --f's-- R134a
    -tl- R22 -tl- R22
    -----*- Ammonia -----*- Ammonia
    )( )( )( )( )( )( )(

    0 0-+--,....-----;---,---,--,--,....-----;----1
    -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
    Tc (OF) r, (OF)

    0.5 - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    0.4

    0.3 --f's-- R134a


    -tl- R22
    -----*- Ammonia

    0.2 +--,------,----,-----,---,---,------,----1
    -30 -20 -10 o 10 20 30 40 50
    r, ("F)

    lD-Z3
    PRot!>LEM ''0.21
    *"
    k~owtJ: 0.. ,.,.,~on is ~e. WDV'k.\·"'j fLo...itt \\\ c, "04for- c.o"'P~SS\·o~
    I·A.

    r.t fr\S ev"odioV\ ,'D~ ~~. "Ihtc(' ~ V'Q. k.~ow_V'\ Glt \I~rlou.s. \ oca:t~t\S
    a.~d.. tktz. '(e.t~\.C}t,r~h"'.3 CAP4.(.l+j 't~ ~\ve\l\.
    :D.Q~-(,M\"'e.~} tk.L m"-~s flow rlA.te e~ Yef~l~e.v-a..~t ) <..b) fILa.
    contp,res$()\ p6w~r ) (e) tl\e. coeffie-iewt Df.. per.f.or~Y\c.e J ~~o{
    (cO ~he.. iseYlrrop·\.c. corn.p('~sso(" efHc.le,\'l~ .
    Sck!EMATlC * glYE~ ~"A:
    r;:---
    Qout
    --:::;l
    I I T2. -=. «oC) -c
    3 Condenser 2
    I l~ \:>0.....
    L'::

    , 7
    ) < Expansion
    L -" valve

    r;:-==-===

    4
    I Evaporator ~-...ll T 1-:' - 2."l.. C>c.
    .s I_--+-_ [ 'S~i.v4!.{>.
    L'::__ _ __ ::::J
    AS$UMPtLON5: See Exo..nvpk I~, 3 )
    Q..~s~~P+\.o~s 1- "t I exc.ept t"'-e. c.o~""m~sso('"
    eff.t.(.lt-II\~ is (A.1i\k. ....DW~.

    ANALYSlS: F,'rst J ~l" edcH of fLte. prt "'C.lp(1( sfcdes.


    S±oJe. 1 T I ~ -'l.~ 0c. I s~,"~ r: ~ ~,~ l't lS.O~ &:'I"/ "'4j , S, -::. ~(,'tS' U'{kfj K
    Sro.te. 2.. P'1.-:..lu bo-I"" I T"l,.. ~ t~O'c. ~ ~l.. :: ll'tt .~S kS I"~
    ~t(t~e. 3 ?'} ~bo-.r I $o..t. hC\ \A\cA ~ ~~ ':. ~1~.\{{g ~:r {k.~
    (c..
    S-Mfe.&f ~ro+tl\4 ~ r-ot~~~ =-/ ~'\ ~""~ ':. 'l1<..t1(, ~r/~
    (~) The. \'Y\(4SS flow Y'a.1e. lS, deA·e.V"Vr\\VleJ. ~\."'~ t~ '('e.~V"\.,e.rc.e.h~9 C-afA.C\iy

    Q 1"\ -= 'M (\-t \- h"" )


    ~::. Q. ~.... ({SO "W) II k:r/SI I<q
    \t1,-"' ' ' _- 'NtSI0Q"-)1('.~)~ l ~w ~O.(l{~l{ /S AI W\

    (}'l 'he. (.O\')'\pressor- ~ower is .


    We::' vn (\1'2.-~I) : (0. {l{\(l( ~) (l1q~.4.S'- «{(S'.oB)~1 t:~ I-;::S5;3~:-W We.
    (C) The. <:..oef~ i c. ',-e.\I\.t e f- p~rtorM ~W\,e. l.s
    Q "1/\ (OS 0 ~vJ
    (J.
    \:"' -= w = c, 55.)<1 ~vJ -=- .....,A.. 1 \ .......~ --.J~

    (c\) Fc>Y" iseV\~\e- eo~r~~S\·f)Y'. ~ P'Zoi ltD bo....C'" J S~s:: 5, =t> l-t1.S -= 1155."'!l~ krA.~
    1k.u.~} th.(. iseli\~r\.c. e~tlcieV\t.Cj i.s
    Y\c.= h'Z.S-h, -= t1S'S,l~-{l.(IS'.Og _
    ~~- \Il, rl'\~.t{S-{C{IS".O«' -Ot~g (~f6.~%) . . .- ------..,;;

    JO-24
    PROBLEM lO. 2.'2..
    Kt-)ou.Jt..J: R 13440 j~ i'~ worl::.l'~j flv,'d iY\ A. vapor - C.OV\Af'~HI'd"'" t'tlfy"er~ta'o",
    S'(~+t1N\ V\A~iV\1 4li\. Wt'A.~r c.eo/eci co~c:I-e""t-er, I~ CApAc4it t4 ~I'\.C)W", Q.1'\c1
    .... ~ CO-~.aIO~ ~U&S 14 dAs~lo.d 1'1 p.,-'.Ol;: COJ;)~+th~t,
    FINf,); De\oe"'l"\.;Uk~ CA) ..,.~ ""-'-"s
    0
    ~c-v
    ~134o.J (b) ro~~r I'V\('~I'A'k '1
    1>
    a ...cl. ~ 1'rAt-'" ~ A.....b. -foy +-"'--
    t,
    ~-r--u ~ 4 av"J CC.) CAC#' u' e ~
    p4't' fwtN\AMU J Cd) CA>()I .... WAW ~s.t /-<ow rtl. k) (e) ro-~ t 'h
    4-et"''r'\ d,gS tt ve h' V\1 t.N:. ~ c.. """ <:U ""&--t- Cl.A\.d ~ f' C4 ~. ~ VA I W J ~ vi--
    €lt-r--us~~J a...o ...... (J4""cet\.+-~ -e "'b ~ fovJ-er .. V\ 1'~' .
    c.ooll~~ wa:tet"
    "5CljH:MA-T\C. f blVEt.J 'DA-TA~ .:10 300C.
    P3 = 11.(, bAr"
    1. '1."-
    ...~ '1""I.t't 0c.
    3

    \" 7
    ) <Expansion
    L ..'I valve

    s
    QIn = 10 tOl'\S
    A=s~uMPrLONS·.(\) ~().e'" c.om(>One\Ait lS a.v\('A.~7.eJ ~ (A ~l \1~lu.I\A.e.. a;f- stecdj
    S~. (2 \ Tk~ c.o~(,~5Si&\'\ i6 f'"I~lnf'L" UJi~ V\ ::l.D t. (?» Th~ e~po.~si~ tk.-0'0UJ~
    -+h~vo.A\JQ. l!. 4.1 ~rott l~",~ '("()~S. (It) Heat 1'roM.s~r froM ~ O\A-tsUe. of ~
    C01\<l~\A..se(' UU1. ~ V\~le.Med... (5} k:.\"h~t'lC. ~d f0+c,v\h:cM eV\eV'9Cj c.Hc.vts ~V'e.
    Y\'l.~h~ llt>\e..lCo)
    W To :. ~q 31.<...
    ANAL.'l?lS ~ F\rst ~ .(!.''tC e.o..cM e~ ",e. fY'\V\c.i()t4l 'S-\-a:\e~.
    Sto..lc. \ r,:4 04i) T 1 '=- (5°c. =t> h\,=ZStl.lS t; .) ~\ -=.q~lf8 k~~.1<.
    ~ ...0.05258 YhVk5
    -stQJ\-e. 1.. For t\.\.Q. fO~~~p\.c.. YfOC.(,~S) P2.:: \'- ba.r C1..l\.A
    'lrz. ':& (.fit)tOL~ :: ll.()1'112- rn~Jkj
    FroY\l\ TA.lDle. ~-l2 > h~ '= Z.'1.~3 \J/~ J s~ -= .'\34' k:r/~.~
    st~te..3 T 3 : t.t"t DC.) CClYl'\p(~sseJ.li~~ ~ h3~ ~~('i't0c) "=-U2.Zo2- k"J"/~
    '5'3~ Sf('i'tDcl = 0,1.,054 k:r/te.,·K
    S~-lL If ThW"Oitl,,,,~ \,roc.e~~ =t> h't :>~~ :::; H'2..Z:2.\c:r/~
    l:l\\,u.t{c:m. Co .55 ts \A.S~ -k> c!.e,.~'I'Y'I\Vne. flu. c.o~l"essor W(i('k.. jr.pLVt-
    • 1-

    ~ = Jl '\1'ck.r ::. ~~~\ ) (p..,.'1f'~ - f' V', )


    ~ e:~~
    :: 2.3.4 32 ,,:r/(.:.~
    )r (l'1. OAf 1<·ol-'-'~) ':;Ht)(.OS2 sa ) 1\'fb~;'" II,; ~~. . I
    The. ty\Q.,c;. "'low rQ..te. Is ~~ U.So\it\q ~t. Ye.~'~e.f'lh"'9 (.()..pA.c.'I..~

    ~ ~ Q.\~ '=- (l(!) '\o\'l.S) \1.U ~":J/"",,\'fA ,~\ _


    ~\-h'{ <;S6.IS-ll·Z.~'2--)\c.7'\C.1 \~~ ll,o~ -D.Z'f\!c.j/s ..--"'"

    fo -7-$
    peo I8LEf.1 10. 2:Z_ (um-lcl.)

    Th u.s) the. c.o~te'$o(" fOwe.r i~pwt IA


    ,
    We. =M (~) : 0·~( \c.;)( 2:3.\f>.Z- ~) I: ~% I ~ £.{PL/7 "vv 1.,.1 We.
    oIIl'1I----

    The. hetX-+ -hu"1.sfe.r rt'.lk loS


    Q.c.v= -Wc.v +- M ("'1.- ~I)
    ::. - ~ .lPW1 +- (.l'{1)( 28t. 33 - 2'5!?J.lS) :. - D.DIo00 ~
    k.W.. _
    The. coefti.c.ieV\.t Df ~'I'~"'~""\I\C' is
    6 ':
    r
    Q.\r\ -::. (\o+ons)
    w Co.
    I~),\\ ~j/MA.;"'I/IV\'\~
    (5."li1 kW) l -40\1\ (00 S II i::s I

    u.M.t r e, he"" ':. ~ C'1j .

    Tiv ~'h .QlC~'<l .LeJ'HllehD\-\ co.V\. ~ 7- V lI'd r:» Eel:. Tt) <rev.
    • For +'- Co ""cl e."j-f'r-•

    . -::. (z,G\?> ~) l(c>.l4 t} l~~ (o.~o5tt - c!>.~ 3Lt I) ~;


    of. (.tt1lj3\( .~3hq - .2.Cl"" )] It I~its 1
    :. Z·7lf!> kW
    £xr--s.sea. c:;..~ (;A pel'c"r\f-p.ro~c..o ....,.., .,so... ,...~) 1o~(}:1~7)(.OO)= 4~ .C"e.)

    • FOr +l.... v,,1 V ~ •


    (EeL )~\\/~ ~ To ~ (r'f- S'l ) . To .f, no S"I J UoQ...A. t-t"l::' ""3 ~ ,'f".. C/ ... ~ .fr-~
    T... ""c.A-~' 0..+ +h"'r: Xt~ '12.?Z.-bZ = o.z."3~ ~ ~",,:o.2,.3'l"-+ o.z."31(Cl.tf''l-S-
    letO."32. 0.21'11) = O.'l-I?t r:'1/~'K

    IO-a.,b
    KNOWN ~ A va.r o c- ("oYhr(ess(~l'\ Y~~\geV'(vh.~~'j~kW\ use s Pr"Of't'lY\e.
    ~~ tke. lPOV"Ic.\~ flu-l.li. 1J't+~ Qre. ~y\'OWy\ 0..+ V(u·U:>I.k~
    \OC.Oltim\S (tv-J. '\Wirefriqe(,Gtt'·~~ cctpac\.t~ 1~ ~i.ve.l-\' ~e..
    ~elAse(" is Wet-(-er - ~leA.,
    FlND: 1)e~('~,\.Ae..(it) &e. toMe(~ssor fOwe.r )d» ~ Mt<.~S .flow '('o.te. tJ-e
    conclell\Se.v- oooh'iA9 lU(X.,t.ev"') a,\\i.t eCl -the.. c..oe~ic..'eM.t of
    Olrta(~o.~ce. , .1.
    r- u:>ol ~ "'9 WC"'\er
    ~T\c.. ~ t?lVE.t.J 'DA.-TA ~ cs D~ so Df
    l so \~f/ ill\~ 2. uo OF
    T

    '\ 7
    ) < Expansion
    \ valve
    L _,

    s .
    Assu MPnONS ~ ~~O e\l\.t is ClV\D.\,! 'te&
    (J) E.D.clA (.OM 4
    a..~ ~ ~I voLu.~ ok stu.tL:J S~ .('2.) 111~A!. 4~ I
    L':__
    VlO pres~u,t~ ctrC9(7~ #WO~ ~ ~ ~~ e,xd\q,IM)e-rS,
    (3) ~,(('aMsio~ ~r0""fh -H\L '1al\le is ~ -&..ottHnj
    P1'oc~t;S , (If) ~ ir\Q.rlc ctYld p.:>t<.V1-tlo. ( eV\e"9C:J effects
    '"-roe v\f.5 li 3',b!CL . (5) HeAt *(U\s~ ~ ikR.
    t)(A.tsi.~(. elf ~Q. (.Orv:t&\A ser CAli\. b~ YJ~If.cfe(.(.

    ANA-L.YSlS'. F\rst J +\.x ea.clA ~f ~ prlr\c.·'f 4 \ sto"kS(Tabfe.s A-I"! -10 A-LBE).


    Stake,l I,-::'O°F Js(Li.v~or ~'n\= l'\3.?.Btullb)s,:0.422.Bttl/lb,°R.
    5tA.+e.. 2. p.,.= (%O 1"t/i"~J Tz.=\'tooF -=:> h2,':. 'Z.'t..C'f.8 Btv./lb)s2.= 0.4'3\ ~kl"lt1·~
    5to..l<L 3 r3:: uo 'bfli~'Z:,)T3 =gs°,:' -=t> cut"\pr"esse& littlA.Ld ) h ~f{~SO~) :l:
    3
    :: 1~.t( \ Bi1A./lb
    stoAe. If ThV"<,tth'k5 "l"Oc.ec>~"* h~ ::.~~ = 1~, 4.1 BJ1k/lb
    <.~) E"a.l\A.Clt\V\~ t~ 're.f.r\~e-r(lv..t W\&\.<;s flow ~"j.e.
    M ~ ~ \.~ :: 5 -\O~S 200 Slul \'Y\\Y\ ::. g,'t't. ..!.!..
    (l-\,- h~) ( I l13.1. -14.l.ll ) ~ I -lo~ m't\'\

    -r\w.s Wc -::. 'M (-(a.c./~) + (~2.-\,..,\) -=(8.<i1.~....)[-(-~.S)+('Z't't.~-ICh:z.)]Q;~·h


    =. 331.~ 6tu( MllA..ra \Nc.
    (b) AIh eV\ef~~ bD.lCA.\\ce. 0"- ~ ~e.\I\ser l1\"&. ,U;\tlA. h~w~ hf<"T)
    ~ :. ~(h'3.-h~ \b) ( 1.1.ct.~-11.(..
    )_- (iq• 1.."'\.~ t( ( ) _ 8 I"
    c.w ~Uro) _\<If((,!;) '('t.Ol{ _ 33. '1 0 - 1."l.3 ~ ......1 ------.;.,;,;:,'
    (c) 'T1Ae. c.of;,+f\Gle\A.t Qf pevfo(' ~~",C.e "lS
    (1.,. -::. Q.\\I\,::. S" -to\\..s 200 e\u{~~
    \" We, 331.<0 ~\u.{w.\", \-\0\'\ =2.q~ .....- - - - - - - - - - +

    10-21
    P~O.BLEM 10,1.4

    KNOWN: 1>a.ta. a.~ various /()c.afton.s if-\ C\ v().f'or-co"""p''I''eSS/~''''


    tlV'e .IcM.OWt\
    refrigemtwt\ Ctjde.. The r-efyj1e,ratlViJ C4P4.Clfy i..r /Of!)O f6ktliA..
    J)efe.V'~ IVt<l. -1-14(2.. eltlpora;f6,- (A,~d. c:mt.deVlfer" PY"IeSSu..es" ~~ss flew ruf-z.
    oF refrljU'cu.d: c.oMP('e~ power FYlfu:t. J a~d C()etf.lc,len+ e+
    perfe>r(fJfA.nc(L ~r (C\) Ref.r~e,ro.~+ 131'1:\ A.II\.~ (b) propa.lI\e.

    ~C.E+EMA-TlC.
    t:\:,S -Ike wcr"-I "j
    & lrlvetV nwrA;:
    .flu1~.
    ..
    T
    ~.--,

    > < Expansion ~ : We


    I Compressor !<J==
    L _ valve
    t..:::: I
    ~ I
    j------=11
    I Evaporator I
    4 h----ll
    .... I 1'; = 0 0 F
    ___ ::J
    -10

    5
    ASSUMpnONS: See Ex().W\,,'e. IC.g" ~ssumfhoV\S I-i.f.

    ANA-LYSIf:,~ FIf-st J .(:l)c eod» (pniAc..ipc.l .s~.


    (a.) li~tfriget'(.ll.\'" 1~'1 ""]
    ::>+ufe J: p,::, rSt/f,;f@ -/00F .:. "."1&+ 'b.f./'·t\~.. levPf(~)
    Inter-polt1tinj j", T().bJe A-IZE a:f T, ::.0 OF ~ ~/:.IOZ.Z ~t } SI::' t>. z.z.S I 8h«./lto!'f<

    ~~ fz,='1$4.+@ 'lsoF :: 12-S.foz. (,*"'~"<a r(<m4(~


    ~ -:: izt.o, 6Wllb
    ~ 'Z. -:. ", or h'1.s" k L = 125."1 takc.llh
    Y\c..
    Sk-fe 3 ~ t.3~ hf (1",) :: '10.72. e~/lb
    5fce.fe Lf: t\'\,('oith1tS 1'rD~<; =f7 h,::. ~4 :: 40.1'2. .6hc./{b
    (b\ I17 rop{).V\e. I
    S+4;f~ '. Pi =' P'Sa.+@-IO"F:: 3/.ct /bfhk,'2.. ..... ,P~Cb)
    Dou.lol.e I-V\.f.flrpola-ft.c-... illl TaJ..Ie, A-l8£ 91~esj hi:: ,Q4.2 6tu ./ lb ; 5/ :: D,1 3 3' fJ1tV~,·~

    ~l((:le Z 1'2::'PSAt • f:JSOP'=- 17b/1 ''';1,,,,:- .04....-----


    .
    For' i.stwtro(?ic. c.o~"'t'$.sie1A...) S2,S :.S, :. 0.433' =t> \\2.5:' 2.3D."'1 f>\v./l.b.
    II ~\ V,1 t"'.~ U>M-p''fes SOC e«--i c.', et\~
    L-\1:~ -hi \ I ~ L
    \1. c.:: L I ;> ~ "1.= Y\\ 1" 2-';)- 11J :: 2; Cj.1
    ~z.-V\, \l\.c.
    Sfa.fc.:; h ~ ~ ~.f ( tI oOF) ::. 11.1 f (; hA.J lb
    SWe..4 f'k ro-H I.""9 proct!S-S * h4:: "3 ::. -11.74 &J.uIU,
    ID-Zg
    Ma.~s flow rMe.
    Ine fe.~'~6ra.+'~q C4.f>Aci.~ is Lt~eJ 4o~M ~ Met-SS flow ra*-e..
    ~

    £-r~4&\
    ~ A ;11\
    U(,

    h,- h~ ~
    (100 0 &t-~I '" )
    ('02.2.- 40.(1.)
    I
    0+u./lb ~o ~i~
    1 h

    ~ (0.)
    :. 0.211 \~/\'y\,,,, 4lIIIi0lll--- ,--------
    s,n.s·,\o.r'j I +e't" proVt\.N\e. j ~
    prOpotML
    e 0.143 lb/ M \'''' .......
    4
    ---------
    ~(b)

    CoMpresso(" VOlMOC \btt.d:


    fo("' Re.+r\~e("~-t (34 A.
    ~e.:'~("'~-"") =(0.1." ~
    ""','"
    )(125:1- f02.2)lbt-l
    lb \ '"
    ~o M\'", II S4S1 "'r&\u./k.f
    2. .
    :. 0./50 kr~.------- ~,(.(A)

    SiM'I\4r~ J f«- fro~e. ~ We. = '0.(53.. "":Cb)

    ~iqifM.+ of ~r~ce.
    ~ ~ 14\- ~-+ ':. lOZ.2 - 40.1~
    14H'34~ \o-l~-l'l\ 1'2."5.1- 102:2.. '; ;l'(,~4 --f'c,,)
    S'Mi\C\Y"'J /.for f('OP~ j fproy<we.:'~' SG,.. ~C.b)

    I. kJo.fe..fk~ -tke fropake.. ~ 8f~ o.t ~i1her ff"es:.JuVP:SZ .;1a,f,t &.. e-i 344
    ~de.
    2.. The.. ,r0fO-l'E. ~ck lA&c.S ~ ~ lower 'Ma..~s -Row r~ ~ftuz- R.-l~
    <:«:fete. U6wevef, ~ eowew""' ~ eoe.f41c.\Ms ~ FtofJ'f'WtC£. (1..~ net:tr~
    ~ so.~ i« ~ ~o ~orlt..\lAj ..et'-\.Lc:ls \t\ +h'.s cese .

    ID-Zq
    PROBLE M 10.25
    /t:.IVOI.UN :s-l<...fIIy - $'h:d~ operA f1""", c:Ja.+A. ar-e P~Ol/ I'd~d fu.r A lIt1.fOr- CD*r,.ur;~
    a .,- Lc1I'\-d.U" itk.4'~ t '1 s -Ie ""'" •
    F/~O: De .,..,,""""""'~ c. J +'- row....
    ~ v~ ..... cl u'( +~ c..~.t.tqy) (0) +"- cerff'c.ip...:t'
    D(- \>.,.fofV'o"A"'C4t J cq t ' - (\o~~s '0
    C1<e~'l c:Laslvvch'(M ~ ~ CJD-r--uor-
    (l",~ ,,~\v-t"J o.l'\d tlu"""","f c>.f ~""'31 c:L.atRvchCIYI o.lo'\c:l e....,c~t"'n ty-""",sf--
    o.ee-"""'f"''''O''''j ~...t' +n~"'srr -f.v II-. CO"k +.-0 l vol v"",-u -e "'~ $(...",. Cd) +e--
    ev~ ..\-w' -.",ci 0.. ~-h'"" 1 ~ c..ol Nt""'" 1eel -rc- ~d~"'S'-e-r A .... cl ~ l'0dt--..
    of-t'''-- surrovW\d..\\'\,s.
    SC~lMAT/C 8.. GIve'" DI'l7A ~ ASSVM PTlOt-J s:
    l- Th.At (,(lI",hl "olvW\E'S S~c..t.M I.M ~
    oS -I-eA ~ '1 (+-41. f-f.
    '2.
    S'G~ lM~h·c.. ea,...u ~
    I'.~eh"c.. ~~. ~"k~-h'M
    tA.r~ J;'\er-c'~' ble. as Are r-uSSI.A('ta
    e~ r»:
    3 _--+
    C~~ f..,. ~w ~OUJ'" ~
    Saturated ...
    liquid 4t "6-r«II'-.for. ~I'\d c. CM.d e I'\. ~ •
    1. T"'-P ~ p~ '"'\ I " ' " Dc.C. r» it' ~ Vetl ve c.o

    \"'7 Expansion
    Wt =0./5' If
    ...-
    ~
    fA ~o tH \l1~' S r--o
    C4 s S' .

    /",.~ valve
    .. 4-. -rlu.,~ ...., ~ s fyfA Y N-..:t- .;.r,.. 101~ t+- f.r
    TIc = 80%
    tAo"" ~1vo1 volvlMr.

    Afoo) Itt L...,.. SOIS", 1=0,.. -f1.-. r"':~~o.J ~~s) es~,.,h,.,,).


    obfo....c", ~ ol. ~~~ +-1:J(4)$ ~ ~ Il4~
    r---,--......... +0.- C-A.I'\. ~

    s.h. ,.C°") pu"f/.·..-a.) h (SHlb) & (1tty'/6· o,e)


    40 4~·7 I OT.~ct 0·2.1 S'ct (TNIe. A -loE)

    '2 1,"0 l'U·13 o .'2.2."3 'f


    3 I'" 0 41:CS o. oct S8 Er~ A-~oE;)
    4 4'·1 4q., S- a , O'tCfi'

    U,j"l5 S~S::'SI o... 4i",te-:p.ol~"'~ ~ TAIp/~ A-I2.f' jl\A-el h~s::. "T.'1'frJft,.jlb. ~"..)
    v..~i r\~ fC-- l se" ~,.,...'<' ~.(.A'.II~c; Vi). ': "'. -to ( n2.S - 1,. ) =- IOl.11" (111' .1'/ - 10'1'.11) =1~.13
    V\c. CJ.~ SWill
    :t'",wro'.-h-~ T~ ~-12.6 -\~'" (t"-.Id.4 ~2.: O·U~'f BJr,.../16·()R..
    S ' ' Co4., ~'f -:'''''3 ) ~"I ~ 4l.t-5-2Y..oS--= 0.1.8'32. -=7!l) stj-: O.OS''Z.l..... o.2.d'32.(, .21 6q-
    ~~·1'f ~.orn) = a. OQ9'/BI"-
    ",.(JIZ-

    t.) AY\ ~Mey.,'j ~ b,..lfA"'c< ~ -f1-. c.o~S$O~ ~ i,,·u f'-.- c.o~uw ~ ,. ...,"'"'*:
    We':. h. (~)._hl)':,(o.'Slf)(IU.!1-lo.,.3'i),¥:, -: (·94 B~ -c CA)

    (b) "T~ 'c>.~. c..l fM 'b r>~.fu r:~", A .. ~


    _ Q2\", Jo¥. l"'.-l.1..,) (0./)')( loT.Jt1- 4-;,"1) Shls =
    ~ - We ~ z:':' I·Q+Bt-ls

    /0-3"
    ,
    To e V ~ I v,," ok. ~. '"'t1 c:L. S' -h- v c. ~O\.t ""*'+'fO 3J W~ 14S~ Eel:. 70 ~c:.v
    wk.e. t'1l.
    I

    <tV' ~ -t~ N.b Of ~ "" ~~ ~c:l.uc-h· """ o 1Q #J--.' n • Q/ fro"""-- ~ e "" h1l'J'f
    r,..k be..l.. ""c e. LkloLJ

    ce) ~ t1- c.o~~~trr

    <Ed)co~p:. 1;~(S'l.-SI)-':~Q~)lO.'Slf)(o.z.~]l/-().Z./i1)8-ht-'::' O.3!71


    Ij.O/~ T ~~
    .s
    r-w--~ v .. \~

    (Gel )v_\ve::. "To ~ (S\.l- sa)-:. LssP) ( 0,1&")( 0, O~<i~~ o, 0,. r~):. 0 ·2.?r B-Iu-
    .s

    (6)

    -- 0 "a 8'2. 8-1-


    T
    TIo... +C-Gl.~'W~ ~.Ja-rd'1 c::\.c~~~ iN-o*"~';"

    f:, ~ [1- ~ 1~;" -= [1- ~)( ~.qb) :: - 0, s"~ ~ftA... • ~ ~~ f-nA,•••6--....


    ~ o'/M'~i).. to -tt- ~ rrct\ ..... ~ .f(....1.....f-it"ou"lt-v bac .. au& ~frlll4<:'~ occun-A:6 Tc.< To.
    (c) fir.r fA e.u-1Yo1 vc)lv~ e,,,,c..foJ'·1'\.5 ~ Ccr-et~""~1 aJ .t'~w", ~
    1""- ~cJ-~.~ I 0.."" ~ ~ ~ b,..,la""u ~
    .
    o~-Qo",,* ~"",(h-S3)-t<:tev 7j)
    TH . -C<==~("'1-";)'= o.'S-(£7.0,31.-4T,~S) :. £O.11B.,.,../.s

    <£i)£'0"'-0:' "0 L~:,; -+....: (SJ-S'~) J': SS'o L'~ -to.,~(o.o"~-O.U3'OJ


    ... O. 31'3 B~/s

    ,'-- 4v-o."" b ~41"h


    f..v
    ~ -- (1- ~1~o.t- :: 0)
    I. T"'~ ~ ... ~ ~"A.IUA""·UV\S c..~ fo.< iuW\""...... ,,3..ecl ..., f,1£{ot» I',

    • ~k-o.fe~.. (t'a ,...: • 'DISro~".fi o.,.~ +..... ~~:


    - eo~.u"~"" I· Cf4 ~ -TtVl"c:{at--:+o c..' fCr'''''' e . S I'i'- " ....Is (1(,.'%)
    , .. p~ - \~"sf'viP "",..r"" re...)"'w... o
    'D.$Iw-"eho""~
    Co-t""'tC fIor
    0·31-, ·'0 )
    (\'\·..
    o·~qr " llS'.i°Jo \
    v... tve..
    q""r-w~m-- O·'3tL.. " (l't.l-°/')
    'o...c:l..~,... 0·1'3 " 'Ict.'&.·~)
    I.1l If 8f14Ls

    10-31
    PROfZ>t-cM 10. 2."
    KNOWN; A Ye~rl~eY-Cl+ioll\ 1'\1 S\.e.>M ft"oA",-c€S Chill ec.( \AI ,,--\-ex- ''''' C\. +l~sk c.k..~1aer
    W\a.\V\,"~\"\~ at ~ ""'C.u...U.M b~ ~ st~o.W\ eie. c:.tor. 1>~-\-C\. '0'12 k.rlOtA))o\
    M vo.r\oW' lOCAtd,')~.

    E1Nl):. 'De-\-et'm,'it\Q. -\oke. 'M.~"e-u..f \.vQ.~el" o.Y\~ CO()I.~~ Wttt-er- flow Y'o..tes.
    Air
    Saturated vapor
    at 200 kPa
    Vacuum
    Ejector nozzle pump
    Steam jet

    l ..,
    P =4 kPa

    ASSUfVlPTtONS :(1) EDL\.t. CO~paneu.:" is Condenser

    a na.ly t.eet. a.~ 4. CO\A.~I \rotlA.W\1e.. Q.,+


    s~c.e.~ S~. ih~ pl4Mp WOf"': is
    (2.)
    t1€9\ t~ do\e. .(?) K\Vlc:.h<.. Q.\A.d... pok~+\.~
    e.\Aer!6'j e"ec.~ Q,flZ,. ""~8\\,\lole 4t--"1A.e. Cooling Condensate
    ~",,~b.e(ed loca+t.o~. <......) .,.~e.~ Q.'("E. water in return
    no ~h-a.~ ~e.C'.\.+ tr'~W\s~e(s w'\,\-(" ~ at 15°C to drain

    surrec, V\.~~~s •

    ANM.ysr.s'. First J +lX ead.... C!>f 'l(I\Q.. prilt1Gl p~1 ?tdteS.


    5fa:k t SC4t. V4('Or.J zoolcPo.. =t> hi :: 2"10".1 k':T/~
    ~ sa.t. lit ki& , ~Dg. =I> h2,::: 2.oltB k.3'~

    Skje ~ h.3 = Iv, 2- +- ji{/ ~ z. ~ '" 2-


    Skte. 'I- Q,o~::' t't'2. fens =-, .7Q8)(t 0" /c.J{h
    L,~h3 1- QIOo.d/M :: ~().'8 t-(1.1'8x/o6/
    :. 2..5/ ooo) =., 2.'1 "'J/l.j
    cJ+fI,fe S 75 -:: (SoC. J £'S ~ ~f e7.5) ~ to z: 1c; lc:Jl ~
    Sfr;.te le :;ec.f . 'lr~e,...) S.pc *
    "',,::':2 510 • f.:, lc:."" I Ie.,
    ..skd(! 1 ~. ~e,. J 1I kPq" :::at> ~7 :. 2.S5~.1.f "'" I k~
    s..{o;\ e e. sa.-t. l ", u, ~ J If Ic:.P4:4. :=}:) L-1 8 e, J 2.'.'lip k,J (I~
    tJow) c.oV\~:\.c.lor ... c.ert\-hlPl vC)l.u..~e e\A.G-l.o~\'",~ ~Q .c.\,,",~ e-ktl.1'w\ber :

    ~Lt h.. + ~5\1\S .: ~"2.h1.'" -M~"f17


    "'" 2.
    ,
    = ~,4-
    'N\s::'YV\,-

    ~s(~s-~<o) :. -m2.(~~-hq)

    10-32
    P20tbl~ 10.26 (CoV\tl~)

    or .
    Y\'\..s ::
    . (h k"lJ (\f-.
    'M 2.. \
    2. -
    - =. 5,000 ~ )
    (ae.vs - q 2.~ ~
    h 5 - \t\ Co l-l ~ 2.tt'\ - J. 'S I 0 , b
    .
    =-13lJ'. CD \c.j/ ~ ""EIq~-------~-= "0\,5

    Next, c,o"s'it;{er Cl cc:m-trol 'J~\u.W\e.. e~c..\of>'~ the s\-eG\M jf.t e.jecJoi.


    ~, '" \ ~b ~(, ;: ~1 \ ' ,
    -t
    0("'
    (l - ~~ ) h l' ~" h -:. ~
    ~'1 ' W\, '" "l

    ~ (. : I h,- ""'~ \ =fJ. ss~. \f- 2.~ Olo.,) :. D.77"Y


    M, Cker, - k,' \iSIO.b - z..10~.'1·)

    'lh 1 :::. 13'4-Cpj."tgc, ::.<1'15.'1 k,,/k

    F'lAClll~ 1 ~,.. -t~e CDl/\tt-e\Asev-


    v¥\, (h, - ~ 8') -= ~c.w (hew) O~t - he"" I i~ ')
    "'+ (
    FroM ,.. ~\O\e: A- '3 ) ~C&.JI i: ~ IS 0c.) ::. (0 2.9C} k~l~ (J.v.J... ~cwJoc.et = l04.8"ll<~~d.

    1\w.s -M,..,,, ~h' - ~ 8


    c.w 1 h
    Co"" • CI\41:
    _ \, .
    "'" J \ '"
    J_ b
    - ~ "t S.'1 ~
    k.5 )
    \
    L2.'5SIf. 'i - llor. ~ (, \
    J0 ~ • a c:a - CD z. ct, -)
    = 5 et/t20 1:..,3 I k ~ n;C.w

    10 -33
    PRot?JC£M 10.27

    kNOWN: A c.ce.Satde r-.efV'I'~era.h~ -sljsrerY) is orrYy:>o$ed ef. ioso ideal Vapor-


    co""p'r~sst'())f\ ~cTes ~i}'" 411\ ;~"-.lb1\necf,~, hw elCck4~~r, 1:tJ.~
    are ft.K,OWt! eLf" Va.YU'/J.~ }oC(l,hctlS 1£1\ eA.cL-t ~C{e J Ccnd fke. refri,.efUfr~
    ~fU)..kj IS 91 \/t.1;t ,
    'Perermli1e (tA) -fht. power Ji1Pl.'t +0 ~fAClA. cow-presso«, CbJ -fl.te_ CDe(.f.,c:'lewr
    of pe-rforM()..Vlce I "M(C) fhe ro.te 0 f ~ere:Jde.strvch·OVI;l'J, tk(' lL1tert'Yle&..<Pk.
    l1et<.f oll-r cfAa YlSe(", Qout

    $c ktGlvtAnc t (i;£ VGN DA-V\: P, =2 ~ () IW-/Iv.z. r----E"--~


    ASSUMPUONS ~ (I) Ike . ~'$l,A.M 'Pt~ns S(£I.I;1)" High-temperature
    condenser
    of- E.x"o.~p'e lO,' (Xpp\~ fo\' e~ 7 6

    ~c.l~ ,(1,) TkeY"e. i.s ViO V\~+ tf'ClN\Jter Expansion


    ~ 11Ae. (ltJ..tslc;l.e sf- ~ \\,dq-wclA.A:te valve

    heed etccW.e."'!er"', (?t) L-et 70 ~ SOOF ::. ;"IO°ti!.


    ~ fo:' ILf ,1 lbHI\...'1.,
    8 Intermediate
    heat exchanger
    SA.f, 1/"PO'("
    ANM,'{St$ '. F 'rST) f LX e",d" 6f +tte
    p\'(~c.i fl'tl sfe,tfes.
    7S =T3-SOF
    1)~~O lbE/tj,.'2.
    For t~e. R-l?>46.. ~ck: St&-i, ';6' 3
    5+oie. t. T; :'-30~FJ s~. vOf'«'r
    =t> h \:. q 7, ,2. takt/lb) so) :. D. 'Z2. "" eke/ (b'o~ Expansion
    valve
    jfa:le. 2. ~ ""2.= 'S 0 I~~hi.t l..J s z.'=- SI =i> 11'2,.":. I H, ~l.I 4
    1 ~t. VApOr-
    5tCl.+e 3 .. r~ =50 IIGJ.f{,iA't.l sof, lJ'1 Ltio( Low-temperature
    evaporator f----J T..... -3c D F
    =t> Vt ::. 2."1.1 '( JatK/lb J S3":. 0,0523 ~hA./n,·o~
    3
    T~:. ltO,'2.1 OF . L
    Qin : 20 TV)'} S

    Sklelf: l''i=-p.) ikrCl*\lI~., ?l'oce~Sj h'{:'\"~":.),~,I~ ,-s... ":.O.{)Sb3 BkA.I(h··~

    For tkt. 1<-1.'). c.ycle ~


    Sfa;fes: Ts =: 73 - 5 :. 3S.77°F, SAt,~ =l> hs~ 107· 8' el-tLllb) Ss:: O(~20c;5 \~
    sto,:{e {q '. It =. 2,50 t w.!I~~ s~.:: S S ~ h,,:: ('2..0,5 l BkAl \6
    5k+e1: P7: Z S 0 {l,;,p{I"'~f>A.f.liZ(),(·d =ph7 :. Lf3,4b SkA/lh
    ~: Ts = 35.7.7~F-.; Throttr,;,~p ...o~ss =t> t,5 :~1:' 43,4(, e""/lt,
    ~ Sa : O,~1oe8 0ru/l b 'O R
    (t).) The.. MA-SS fww ro-te. l)f ~"13t{~ i.s &eteV'vtll'Jt\e.cl (.c$1i1~ 111e. ~W9tt1 r.el- r l', em·h K.5
    c.1f>~c.d·y , .
    a.,'''' = ~ ~·13C4e..( h _h ) =t> ~n'13'{"'("',-~'t)
    I lot
    ::. Go u" : (2C to~s)
    ('I.~'2.-2't'14).!~~
    l'2.tQcO ekl/'I\A.Wa.
    1-n,Y\

    :. 51./ .(,~ lbl ~llA


    T~, ~ -\'~ R"l?>4~~re~Ser
    W C.\:' ~(l.-l~\{"" ( ~'2. - '" ,) ~ (5"'f.foftJ ~~) (Ill :~\f - Q1, '32.) ~
    ::. -rill, .3 fb\-1,t (\MilA ...

    10-34
    To +l,;.d -#Ie refYi~eYT«,(t ZZ-"}1I/U.SS flew m;fe )ClHo-l~ze fke inkrntedcare tte,ti
    e'Kc(,1f.t~er.

    0:: 'YV\tz_I~'{c:..C~'2.-!.-J~\ 't ~2-'2.,(h8-t.,S)


    or
    ~ 1Z-'2.'2. = ~1t-1'3'tA (\--a.,.-1A 3
    h s- hs
    J fr. \1..)~ Ul.)l# -Z-C{.l'l ~
    ::. ~"l.1I(" ~
    mll'\ /09-. ~ - ~3.e..t"

    ;: 1+. 08 1\,/t"\ilo\
    11uJ.s, k -\-u R-'2."2. C.OMPl'~~~ fJI
    . ' I \b
    W,"1.. ::. \'V)fl,-'1."1. ( V\~- Lt s ) :: (14. og ~) ( \20. '51- 11)1.8) I ~ z: Cf4}. (p

    (b) iV\e. c>"e'('CA,LI c.oefHde",* Q~ 'V4r'forMC<Mce. lS


    G..,~ ('2.0 ~~)
    ~:::. ~<..\1'W~'1. ::. (/~(,.3 +'14{.'" ) ~/M~l.\
    -= ,~. 31- .... i 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f -
    1
    tc \ Fo" i-he ~elA.t e)GclA", Y\')01'"
    -<r~o
    o =-rf-CT Ij + ~ R-l3\(4 «,-S3) +
    Tlw..$
    td =- To ()\4~ ~ To [M I~_\~\(",(s'3- s-z.) + t\1cz_'2.,.l s: s -$ e)]

    l
    =- (sqooe, (~«i."(,) )(.052.3 -. 'Z:2.CDw)~ +(1'1.0 '(;) (. 220QS -. O'l068)]
    z: S 6 . ~f 6\1A./ M~'",

    Lo-35
    PRoBLEM 10. ~

    KNQWtJ ~ Refr~eYU""-t. 134a.:\s +\r.e W~Y"-\~5 .q.\u:,-~ \\1\ o: "e::tf0~-c.o'Mft'essiD~


    ren-(~ er ~tlO\\ S\1"te.M us \V\~ two - st(J.~e. ~(26~( ot\. Wl~
    In+eylCcool''~ b-tlwUAA. fu ~t~e~. i~ l"etr~erA.hll\g CClfo.c.\~
    Is ~\v.eV\i~. ~A dtUCk. ~+ va.y~u.s \oco..tt.ov\.s are, ~V\OWY\.
    DeteV'YY\ ''''(l. (~) ~e. power ir\(lu.t to ea..c.~ comprsSSOf") 0M.cl CD) tk.t.
    coeffl'C ie.~-t E>.f per-forvY\l)M.C.e..
    sc\itE:MA1'\c.. ~ "we"; t>~\A:

    T
    5 4

    WcJ,
    ~

    6
    -30°C

    5
    ASSV~PTI.CN$ : (,l) Ecl.,,~ (()Y\'\.fOne.~ \.$ a..Y\e\;~-c.eJ 7

    'l~ 0.. urn.~1 volu.~e. ~+ s~ sto.k..().} The , ••$A.'t. Ii 1>.


    COrl'\.p-re.$S(WS sperd€. ise.Vl.tTo(>ieo.",~. (31 1her~o.~ I
    ,
    bpansion
    I valve
    no ~(ess(,(,(e Glr~()~ tor
    ttow f\;\t'0W1'-' o..~ E)f ~ 8
    _J

    h.t.~+ e,lc;cWa.~e(S ('f' ~ flo.~~ c..~W\".ef"'.


    (lfl The .f.lQ.~~ ~~Ioer ~ &weck ~
    h~ ~XcM.~e-r ~e o.d.icJoo.ti..ea.L~.
    (5\ TV.L expo-"'s,~ ~.~ t\.e. voJN~ \S o, ~ l~
    ~rc'C.ess. (Co) k \'W\e:~'iL CMVl f<'~W e.~er'4~
    ef.f.ec.:ts C(.ve. n~ll<3lb\e.
    ANAL~S\S ~ F\Kt J of l'l' eo.clA sf ~e. pt in (oi p~.L sh~.+es.
    StoJe. \ T l :. - 30 o(!. J 5(1t..~. v~r- :¢> h\ s: 22 '.I'i JC \J/t=f.3) S I = O. 'f't '31/ Je';] lie,;'/<' .
    sWe. 2.. f-z. ': L\ baN' ) ~a. =5, :t> h~:, 2'0.'-2- KTr~
    st~e, 5 fs ~ \'2. bOJ(' } s~.li~\A.l.~ =t> hs :. j1S·11e> k'J'/~
    ~ T~'u'o,*l\"g pvo~c;s -=t> h" ':. Lt s = II ~-·1(" 'tC-~/fC.',) ~,,~ o.2.g2~
    Sta.te. 1 1, -:. I.{ Ioc:lr J sovt. l i1WA ~ h1:' ~2-.0o~;r/~
    sm~e 6 Throttl''''9 pt'oc£ss =t> h~:' h,:; "'2....0D lc:rI~
    5t-a.+e. q ?~ :: "\ bt\.V' ) s~t. vC/fo(" ~ hq :. ZS2.32- k.;:r/k.~
    ~ The .y.,ra.c..+lolr\ of ~e. flotv h~to -(-\,\c flAs~ ~~eC" a..-t b fu*
    ClS s~\uKo.kecA. v"fO!' CNt q is e~v.c..l -\-0 tff.A..~~ d".
    €)C'\,"t,S
    The li~\A.~ lea.vl·"'j -tWt. .f\.o..&l.\ e.tAAW\Io4!ro*"1 is -H':e. frtA.C.t~
    l-XIlJ. Wi",- ~ fl.ew '<'Me.. ~(d"lOS

    or
    o -. (I-X,,) h .. + Xc. ~'\ - 1. "'3
    ~'3 -. (l-')(,,) h. + 'tee.h Cl
    -:. ( 1- o.Z~2.r-)C2"O.U)+ O.'2.i U"( '2..n·l )= ZS8·1'T 'f-\J I ~
    1

    CAAd b'a i~-N-f"O'''~DY' ""'" T~ A-I,- ,",wh.-.h:r we y SJ:' O.q!'S1.tt:..<rl~'1·I<·

    ,s~4. P~:'l2..bAt""1 S4:'S'3 ~ h~:'Z.i'(·"Cf K~Jlt=tj.

    J 0- 3lD
    (4) Tc9 fAe+et"M\lAe.. ~ ~f"e$sO'("" ~eVJerf"J fir~+ deAeV"w\\~e. ~ ~~S
    flew '(~e.~. Far ~ ev'1X>ro-~
    Q' . -::.~(h-hd)
    '11\ "~
    . _ <i,~ _ 00 fcn,.S) Ibtl k:r{lkW III M\~ I
    'YV\, - C h,- h 6) - (Zz.<:f ,/'1- ''2...00) ~ \ -\-0'" H "0 S
    ::: O/ll ~/s

    ~t~ g~ ~ ~ ~Low Q>V.~SI""~ ~"",IA

    11u.ts)

    ~
    Wc.'L:' ~3( h~-l,3)::' (O.2.CJ~X28/.,"'7'-2S-g.2.r):: (g,Sb k.iN. Wc,1.
    (bJ The. c.oe+f.~<:.iewt e-F ~r.fo-rWlCU\C~ is
    P.> -Q.\~
    \ - Wc., t-Wc.-z.
    -:. (to ~5)
    (lJ,.c., .... ,. ~ b ) "-\II
    , 2\\ \c::r/r~\\·\A·'III\I\\i.\
    \~ bo s
    II kW
    {k~{s
    I
    = Z. ft" "'IIii~~--------------_...:-

    ['0-31
    'PIlO~LEM 10.2.q
    l'NowN: AMo\"""O~o.. IS t~ e..uo~k.4·...., f-Iv" J ,'", 0... ~ -stp.,,~ vo-r0r- CC)~~I~
    re fr\1~Ah'~ S'ts,"""", lJ ,;~, a... cL.ir.e+ eoV\.Tad heA t ~c ~"'''''je,... '""'
    ac/..".;E'V"~ ;t1-1-at"c.4')Ol"""j" 1)4l'..+Doo. ~~~ tc"""'l.A.In ~+ ~~"'''()U.s tOCA+t'OY\S.J
    Cll-\ cl -t<- r e fv ,"~ e r 0- t\ V'\1 c.A.p A. Cot" c.o ~ i ve,., • +;
    t=- I t..J t) ". D-e. ~~'k Co ( ~) ~ ~ -h' 0 D
    -t"-t "'-- IS . ~ / tfV,r r A .,.. oS v.:.. 'J I";", (.IAA-
    .f\SlArlr) J (0) ti..a l'oc.eJ.er- ,''''pfA.+ to e.....c..c.... .<:.0 ~6.Jur 'S-+--.q--c.J ~ ccj ~
    Coef6"" tA .l v..k '1 p~rW'·"~, Cd.) 1>'01 e.Cl.cM ~ ~ ., V41"#-h'~J ....,;. p6.rlt c.a.) - Cc)
    Vflrfe.tS -tt- cl.c",~cr-~-b c t- ksa.-C> ./U)'c..~~ ~su,~. 'iI>,.,. e.u $ S,
    Qout

    Sc~n<:.. i ~L"SN PM2\::


    'T .2501bfl ~~ &/
    '1~ ,

    .' "t.xpansion
    \ t' valve Direct contact
    \ ~ heat exchan er
    6

    5
    A$suMpnotVS ~ (I) Eta.dI\. c.o~fOneMt "
    a.nQJ~~eJ. tt~ Q.~(V~lu.Me. ~~ «+ 8

    Sta.4e. .(1. \ l1\4. ~(~SSO('.s ) vc.c.\"e~ ~


    d\rtct Um:ftAc.'t hu.t e ')( cllQ.~e.,. e~
    ~pe.fM(L ~C:o.b(A.tiGA\l"j.(~) -rk ekpa.~SlCMS
    Qin = 30 tons
    to\YoU1~ t\a...c. V-.wes 1>,.V'(l. +hro'tt \ '~9 proc..esse.s.
    (&f)Tht.f't. (H'L 1\0 s~n\·Hc.Q.",* fre.~~~e. d~
    lor -«-ow ~Y'Ov..,,,, ~ ~fA.t e.~eW-.~erS.<'5) k:\t\chc..
    cw.d.. rokl.\kW ~e.f~'j ef~((,ts We, v\~\ lble.. i"
    A-NM,\l5\S', F\'rst, t\.,c e~ E>+- ~ fnV\(,·\~A.l S~S.
    Sn:ue \ T, ': -2.0 OF , SA-to "4fOr" * hi ~ /loqj,16*",' (!o, ~I = 1.01(,'2. BkA/"o·OR,
    ~ For i$~II\,~\c.Ccm\fret;~lCl'. p~: 60 l"fl~~) J 'Sz.r 5, :(> \I\~s '= &'1'2.)'1 ~
    VS\ k~ +kL ~te$~ effc:e.I~I/\~ )
    nCo:' \tl\\~-a'
    ~- I
    * k'Z..~ ~l+- (k",s-~')
    \ ~~
    :. 7(97,5'<) Skv'lb

    ~~te. 3 P3': 80 l~f"~7)~t. 'itlfor =t> h:;:. "23.~2. t.kA/lb J S3 :: ,.2 S'Z'I 6foIIb·°R.

    ~~+e..i r't~ ~So lbHllt\~ ) SlfS :: $1> ~ h'ts ~ t9'(3.53 6~/lb . 1ks
    hLf '=- ~., To ( h'ts-"~) ~ 705.ct1- 64u./lb
    he:.
    ~ Ps ':, :2 So \10(./\",2;- J SQ.,t. ll~ uA.d. ~ ~ S :. Lh1·11 ~w./11
    StMe <D Throtth~~ pt"oc.eSS =t> ~.~ ~5 -.:. '~1."17 'i!J}v.../ lb
    ~t6.~Q.1 p., ': 8'0 lb.f l'IAt:- J sc.a.t. l it>u.u,t =t> ~, ':. ~ I. '2. '2.. S~ (b
    s+~ 8 1hnrtt\l~ frec.e~~ -=t> ~e ::.\t\~-::.. Q'.2'2- %\-0./\\0

    (A.) ike.. M,CA.SS .fLow ~tt, ~ro~k. ~ eNo.pora.ft:rr ts


    .
    ,
    "I'A I ':
    ~
    ~\-h~
    ;"" _ c::~ 0 to~> )
    -(bO'f.bl-Q','2.'2.)8k.t..
    ,,.00 l~
    6WW\\""I'
    :. ll.f#q~
    U,

    I'D

    10-38
    ?~BLEM {O .:z,~ (~-td)- p~ 2-

    ih~ V\'\A.SS flew rnA-e. 'l~to -\k S<Z.c.o~ ~~,~e. 8~e.. '\.& d.e,-\eV"n\\~~tA ~
    LtS\lI\g ~\A. .e~f.V'9C1 bcA.\~ 0'\\. tNL £tLt'ee:t CD)\.fat;t h~t e"ck4~.e,.
    0::; ~"~Co + ~7. k'1. - 1\1\;) ~3 - ~, h,
    Buk W\~:: ~3 <Mul~,:.M1.=-~'
    ~ o=- ~~(h~-h~)~-M\(k'1..-k1)
    o-r 'M -::. ~J~'-"''L \ :. QI''''~ 't',Z2 -7()1.'S,) ::. (5.92. \b/~iM.
    ~ \: h" - h '5) '\ \(,1.-77 -(,23.,2-
    The. MC4.~S -flew ("(A.t~ ('o':\"\.-o 'l~
    tM 3/M\ -=. /.353~ -M3/W.,

    \.h) Tktl. fowe-r \V\P\4.t to t\u2. f..:rst (..()O\ffe~So-r s~e. i..t


    WC,\ -=- ~\ ( h-z.- ~, )
    \b
    :. ( "."q~)( "[<.0l~M\~I( I07,~'t-lPV"(,'
    ~ I_",u ) Q4u.1 1SlfS~k1/h
    ij; I hp I .
    -:. J. 8.3~ h p '"'lIiI~I-------------------­
    WeI

    Ano.) ~ \'OWe,(' 'V\~ -\0 ~ S~ c.om~ ....es~o(" s ...~~ is


    Wc,-z, -= ~ 3( \\'i - ~'l) .
    ::(15.~1) ("105 .~2 - b23. ~ "l- )t2.;~51 :. 30,9>1 h p ...
    ., Wc?.
    .;.;:0

    (e) Tkll. cc~fh(,l~t Q~ f.er.fo-rma....ee ~

    = ;Z.3C(O 00IIIli-4r-----------------~
    Cd) .he daJa -Por ft,te r~ltirtd flok Me do/t:a.LVteJ usi...", I':'> as -folLows:
    ITCode s1 = ssaCPx("Ammonia", p1, x1) p7 = p3
    s2s = s1 h7 = hsaCPx("Ammonia", p7, 0)
    Qdotin = 30 II tons
    h2s = h_Ps("Ammonia", p2, s2s) h8 = h7
    T1 =-20 11°F
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c1
    p2 = 80 IIIbf/in 2
    x3 = 1
    p3 = p2 h3 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3) mdot1 = (Qdotin * 200) I (h1 - h8) II Btu/min
    p4 = 250 II Ibf/in2
    s3 = ssat_Px("Ammonia", p3, x3) 0= mdot3 * (h6 - h3) + mdot1 * (h2 - h7)
    eta_c1 = 0.85
    s4s = s3 mratio = mdot3 I mdot1
    eta_c2 = 0.85 Wdotc1 = rndott * (h2 - h1) * (60 I 2545)
    h4s = h_Ps("Ammonia", p4, s4s)
    h4 = h3 + (h4s - h3) I eta_c2 Wdotc2 = mdot3 * (h4 - h3) * (60 I 2545)
    x1 = 1
    p5 = p4 Wdotc = Wdotc1 + Wdotc2
    p1 = Psat_T('Ammonia", T1)
    h5 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p5, 0) beta = «Qdotin*200)/(Wdotc1 +Wdotc2»* (60/2545)
    h1 = hsat_Px("Ammonia", p1, x1)
    h6 = h5
    IT Results for DZ = 80 Ibf/in.2 h7 = 91.16 Btu/lb
    he = 91.16 Btu/lb
    h 1 = 604.2 Btu/lb
    h2 = 707.1 Btu/lb ri1 / ri1 = 1.353
    3 1
    h2s = 691.7 Btu/lb
    h3 = 622.9 Btu/lb W = 28.37 hp
    c1
    h4 = 705.2 Btu/lb W = 30.71 hp
    h4s = 692.9 Btu/lb c2
    h5 = 167.7 Btu/lb W = 59.08 hp
    hs = 167.7 Btu/lb c
    P= 2.394
    PR06L£~ 10.1.'1 (~'d.) -p~e..1

    'PLOTS:
    1.4 - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 70
    1.39 W +W
    60 c1 c2
    1.38
    1.37 50
    ..- 1.36 40
    ·E 'C:
    .c
    '<, 1.35
    (")

    -E 1.34 -So 30
    1.33 20
    W
    1.32 c1
    10
    1.31 IN
    z« c2
    0
    20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
    2
    P2 (Ibf/in. ) P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    2.5 - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    1.5

    0.5

    O+-,-,..---;-,.....-,----r-,-,...-,----,--.--r--r---r--r-r----,--j
    20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
    P2 (lbf/in. 2 )

    10-40
    K.NOWN. : A vap"r-COM(>vo-essI c,.". ~~UJ e~f~61-'\ s ~s.j.e. WI wi-k-t YJ.1 ecltt.c.KiclA.l
    Sl-l(P~l/~~ 1,t.5-€S refrij€WfA.IIf.:t z z: . J)afi.. .CU'-e
    kw.pwYl a.t va.rLtJLU
    Ic:>c.a.fwrlS J ~ fke rePri,eraft~:J e.a.ptJ.Ct.t!j is ~LV!"l.
    FIND', ~t~ml~e. (at) fLte rna,s flo-w rf£fe t"1Ak> eocu. CCflA1Jrus&,: Cb)-fLvL
    power lilJpv.,t .'lIt.4-l> eAclA. unv..p~S~(!)~ (A.~ (eo) +k.a. e"efl.l'c./~t4- tJf
    oorfor('\llCt.lY\ce
    r- . Counterflow Q' out
    SCU6MAnC. 8- wi VEAJ DA--TA ~ heat exchanger

    .,.. P4 = 180 Ibf/in. 2 , Saturated liquid,


    T T
    4
    = 40°F
    ;- - - - -
    P3 = 180
    3
    lbt/in.?
    ,---->...,.--.,
    ~~

    Condenser

    7 8
    Saturated vapor, Ps = 180 Ibf/in. 2
    T7 = 20°F 2
    P2 = 180 Ibf/in.2
    s l..e iE:1 pansion
    valve
    .5 / s,
    . I
    ASSUMPTLDNS ~ (I) E~(,l.\ c.oMj>one\A+ is Main ... ?
    Wei

    YV\c:>tl~lee.t o-s C\. c..oY\.trC9\ "oLlA~~ at


    5
    compressor vv.. t
    s~ &~1e, (2-) 1\1e. c..o~l"e~so('.s It-------l 1
    o~~ \selA:k'up\(,(,(llcj )C;} ""k~e QJ€ Saturated vapor,
    = -20°F
    \l('es~u,re ~~ ~ro~ \..\ fu IAu-t
    Tl
    \1\0
    e~c~~us.(if) K.~d·lc ~\I\J rokufitll
    e~er~'1 effects (,(,re V\e~U~'t16\(2 ,

    ~ , FirstJ fix eec.c.!.t of ~e prt~c.tp(.41


    cSfrAJe~.
    ~: T,=-20cFJScd,~ .::t>{t,,: 102::50 Ii3lu/1b,s.:::, ().z.33Lf ldkc.lllo,DR
    ~e 2: pz -:>.(80 l"flc.~1.) S2. C $ . =t> 1.1'2,.:' 12'1,23 8kAJIII1
    ~~ P3 =ISc>lbflti..t~ ~+, UqlA.('d. =t> k3 = 35."5 Bft.t/~b
    ~~ Plj =180 ll*/i",2.) T4 =4,O oF -=P SLtlocoDleJ:=t> h4 ~ ~ (q-OOp) :: ~l,(p~ 8fullb
    ~ Thn> fl (I ~'j prr>~S' ==t> ltl 5 :: h'{ :. 2'. be. iO}ullh
    ~'. 1hr"tt{IJt~ pr()~~ ~ h,,: L.t~ = 35.15 0k-<./lb
    ~: T;:: 20"C J S~, "1ITAfJt>7:::::!Y h7 :. 16)(,.45 Gk.</Ib ) s.-, :. o.zzs» Ghtllft,. 'l<
    ~ fB -=. (80 ~W>f{li:12.., $>8 = >7 =P ltl g :. L18.64 Stu-I\\'
    lb.) To .fiV\c1 .f1,t.e. ~'5 fLew rote "11+0 f~.e.+L"st ~(~S(9rJ M1 .> use..fk
    r.ef,,'g e.r~+i n5 CPf~

    ~\~ ::. W\. ('h\ -~5 ')

    10-1\

    I( rS
    SolV\~1
    w. ~ ~ G\~
    (1tl,-IA S )
    (50 -loons)
    (102.'SO-21.(P(P)~
    j2.0C e~JMM~
    l+oY\
    I
    \10 •
    ::. 1'2. 3., \b I VV\i~ ..
    -A------------~
    'V\I\ ,

    To ~C2.t '""'1 , OiY\~l'1'Zc. ~e U>v.\A~{.I"w V\~t e'i<:clAA~er

    o= ~1 (1/\ 3- ~tf) +- ~ ( "'"- !Ai )


    ""'A
    rv"
    -
    -
    """"
    "',
    (hl.f- ~3 i-
    hfp- h,
    -
    (1.l.(o(s, -
    3 s.CJS
    ~s.c}s
    - 10&,..,5
    l \L)
    (1'23.'..:z...
    l'\'\' ' '
    = ') 5.073 l~/M\'" 44---------
    (hl The f<9We( ~f eA.clA CO'M'P~"or is) rE'.tfE6hvel~
    W~l :: rVt l ( ~l.-~') ::: (l 23.,)(11,l{. 'l.,?> -102. So)
    = '2."
    88 Btu lV\'\.l~ .6~----------"::":':
    vJc.7. -=- M1(l-t9-~") ::'(2.S.013)(LL8.~~- LOo.'iS)
    =. 30S.~ 0'(v../M""4t
    ...-----------~
    (c..) Tke we«- l(.(-e",-t Q+ <pe-r{.ofM",,\I\C.e.. is
    (?J - &,.... - . (so +om) /200 Bk<{~ /
    \ - ~c.\ t- Wc.'t. - (2C988 i- 305.Co) ~~"'- 1 ~

    ~ 3. '3 44111S4S""------------------¥~

    10-42.
    PROBLE M 10.3 J

    j<IJOWN: Re..f.rlge~.,.,t 134~s ~ c.vOrk.lflAj fkUe.< ''''' o, vo.por- CD~v-essiot\.


    refri.sev-a.fu,&-\. ~sk.~ wLtk. -fwo eva-pC)~o Ih:~ ~~ k.tt.oW)'\.
    a.f-v~riDUeS (~eAf~ J tM1.t( -I£u. reft-'~~j~ C(.c.pltcj;1rj ef ~
    evapl9~ is '6f~ to i f;eJ. The ~~IeM «ses Oh~ t:rIrt.CCJ'rVt(J re.ssor:
    0

    Fa Ni) 00 DtA-et'M'Vle <a.) ii\Q. ~s .fu,w ~s tt.\V'o~'" eosu: evec.e0ro.tDr)


    (bJ -fktl. ~~~or fOtA!ev- \~~\.Ct, ~(C.) ~ kW hK.s1-er.frt,M
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    :5Cli£¥Vi{lC-. "l \IS#..) Wit 0.

    ,
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    AS~OMPTIONS ~ (t ) E:a.~ c.o~poo~ is «.V\ce.l~u&
    tH. ~ cc\'}h-ol "V'Dlu..~e o.t s~~ s~{e. (2.) AlA 0

    pro<.es-s~ s~ +{....~ "VOY'k.,,,~~ ~w.a ose. ilM-ei't\4~


    6 T6: -I S -c
    yevflJfsUole.. .ex c.ept for ~ ~PQ.M.S~~ -tkro\l~'" ~t. VA-pur
    ea.cM. "Al\lQ..) w~i.ck t, e, ttv-oftllM~ p('oc.es~o
    (~J The. c.o~<es~oC" d~d. \1~t"es spe.Y'~1e t\tllA.~o.H c~t~. Qin. J ~ 3 Ions

    (&.+l K.,\,\e.F\.C. ~~ fo\-ewhA,( e~er9Y effects ~re.


    V\~ \ \~ '\o>\e.
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    0 "-;I"1\e.g
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    Sto.-te f> fut'ctt l\h~ p('oceCl;S -=¢> ~~ ='-"1 z..~8 .to" \c:rt ~ Go

    To of \'( Sta{-es l CA.~ :L ("~ u.\r~s ~ MASoS .f.Lov.> rAtes -l't\roV1h 1k


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    (o.~ Q.\iAJ \ :''Mb(~''-~S)·

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    - (Z'3~.S?>-lOS.2-~)"~ \ tow\

    ~ 4.82. 3 \c.,3' M.\~ .....


    ~r------------

    10-43
    (2.)(2.\\) k9
    = - - - - - - : . 2.'N 3
    (1.'{e.lt~ -L05.1.Cf) ~ ""'4_-----
    S-\-Q-te. l Now .f-6r tke.
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    stnCA.W\ \: 0:. + ~ t!>"S - ( V\'\ Ceo ... ~!1 \ h, .
    Y\'\c.. ~(,. ~
    h ~ -:=. ~ 10 ~(p 1" ~ee ""- :. LYt.13 1c..::r/~.9
    w\"
    +- ~~
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    i~ To.lok A -12.-k> b~; S." O.,\~q '3 k.:r/~.l<',.
    S~ 'Z. P'1. ':: \0 ~ J sz..'=s, -=t> hz. =Zel. 3 k'I / ~
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    ~
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    :: 5. 3z..~ Ic.w ....- q t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    Fa r -+"'-e c.en!eV\.SQ.1
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    :; ("1.1Ct") tto I(;Z e~. '?> - to s. l.'l) ::. 22."l J k.W4E~t-------Q-.out

    Jo-44
    pgQ13LEM I O.~2. '*
    I<NOWtJ: A-V\ isl(l(X.( Y~er-e.urnpr~sSlO)\ re~rL~emt~ ~de. 'LS mo4..t·fle~
    to \V\ctv.J.q, 0.. c..eo.~rt\ow heat e}C~G(" ~1we.et.\. ~ ~~
    e"~+llA~ fu. C()1\~ser~ ev~(". A. __ OV\,I.~ \~ ~ ...... e,
    ~orlt.\,"'.9 ~lu.U(. Mo.. OJ'€.r, k..nowV\ ~ \JltrLo~ \oCQ.tl.ow\s) ~
    ~ ~Q.~S flow rGt~ ts .jtV~\A..
    FIND: 'D..o\'erm\J,-\e..(p.) -\k Y'ef~~Q.V"~+'il\~ CA.f>",c\~.> (b) the. ce"'p~s~r
    powe.r ,'Vlptcl') (G) ~Q. c..oe-H-ic.ie.w\' e-t fq.r-fo~"ce.
    SC!:t6MM\.c.. i b',vSk) DATer ~ (4oC4t-
    2-
    r

    S
    A$SUMPTLOA.]S ~ SC1.n,e. t\.S ilo1 El(o.~l~ J ().f )
    Q.ssu.""'PrLO"6 1-4. A-lsoJ (A.S~ u..... e.. ')-1.~ heQ.t 4
    lo<;s.fn:>m t:. ne 0 U.t5 i ~ e uP 4;~e. h(.Co\.t
    e '£cl..w.lII.'J er.
    AtyAL'lS!S'. Flr~t.) folK eo..c~ of. tke. p~Lnc.~Q.1
    shtfes.
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    S+a.k "
    =t> h", = nCla.t{ l k.:I'~ .
    a j",
    Sai.Ild(>tTr
    5+cMs- \ P,:.t.ob«.V' )1";: SDC. ~h,: NaJ.l.S'k:rIa..., Js,=t..t(P7<D\c;~/~.K..
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    Sf!.:k3 p~~lg~ JT)=t<O°c. ~~.\i~tWt~ h3~hf(l.(OOC):31,.3$"1c~1~
    ~ Us \~~ G\~ ev\e~y b~lQ.lltc.42.. 0", ~ ~e.o.* Q.}CcMA.~.e,r CO'n+n:r(
    t\TO\u.MJl.. -M (~b - h L ) + ~ ( h~ - ~"t)
    (9:
    (Jy- \-\'( '= heo - h \ ~ ~ ~ -: ~.S". k:r-/lc:.~

    2tMe 5 ih('dtth~j pV't>c:ec;s ::b ~s ~~'t ::. 2~.sl \c.r/~


    @.l "~e re~~\<jeV"~\-",~ <:.o.y~\.\y is .
    Q.. -::. w.. (~,,-hs\ :.(l~k.~ )( (~Cl~.I.(I- 2.8t.s) ~\ 1 i!m-,. I·.:: CD~.4't tot\S ~_~\~
    LII\. ~\j,\ 1.0 Ic.:r ~L""
    ro;/ ......

    (p) The. c.o~~ssor fower 'IS

    We.:' 'M( ~~-~,) =(l1..~~~) 1';;,0''; It "Z.O~S:5~ -11{%).'l.S) ~ l~:.s% 1-::. (O%.S tcW-4 We
    (C) 1""-e c.ocftitiei.,dof r4.'fert~~e..t.';' ~ ~~b-~~)/(h1.-kl) =-2.°5 ~ ~
    'DIscussion: ilt\e ~t<:d e)l.c,wC4V\qe.r CI) +CN\tls +0 iV\c'("ecue ~~ CfApC4c..~~ I ( , ) helps
    eVlSl.l('(. S¥t.r\.\e.cd(l.~ v':f0'(' eV\.te.Yl~j tlt\e c..or\l\-r\"~~ol/o..'Ytd (3) iV\c~e.cc.ses ~e.
    0- \fe¥'~<t Speti'f,c voLvt~e i V\ ~e. co~rres~ or) ~ev-e\;J l'vtcrE!4SI'n~ ~Q. ~t)u)~(' (e~ l.llr"ul.

    10-45
    PRO 1'3 LE 1"1 10.33

    KNOWN: A n \~eG(.l '(~-~~S5 iOlA he&d- &U.~ ~d..e. t.t"i>es. fefY"l~e~ 13'i e,
    d> fu WO('k.ll.-\~ ~\.UiA Cl-~ pro 'hcAe~ 0.. 1c-~ow'n e.\'\U9Cj <'u:tp\4 ff:>
    her.c.t ~ bc.Mtcl.llo.3' ])Ot.t'L ~~ "'MWY\ a* v"(.A,rL8lC.~ lo C~T~S.
    El~t>: Dete.Y"~\'iAe. (a.j tke. c.o~ ~S$Or. rower; {b) & ~e."+\c.,~ of
    f~r.forrt\CA.V\Co. ) ~(C) t~ ~\MCA."" ~or·eHc.tA.l CoeU-\.Gl~
    fe.r.{oT~Ul.. .(t,y- a. ~+ fU.~ GPQ.t'Y4+\~ ~ ~e\WeLl4... ~ewO\t$
    '*
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    \ Tet ~l~3K/
    5cl;Ai?t\MJ,C- t "\V~N DATt\; ~

    I' QOU! ::. 15 kw


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    1
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    I

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    "
    > <7Expansion : Compressor I<J==
    L '" valve l::: 1
    ~~~ I
    rr =il
    I Evaporator 1
    S 4 ~ • Lf btU' k-----J
    A5SlJMPTtoNS: See E)(4.~/, 10.1 • ~ ~

    ANA,-YStS'. First) ttx e~ of ~~ rn·",c.c.pe..l ~


    s~es. r i~~2'&~
    Sk<.te. ( Pc. '=2,1.( bM) s~. VOftrr" * hi::' 2"lq.()q io.T/~; S, ':: o.'l2.2.2. sat ~'ll:.
    ~~t4. 1. P'2.=8 baN' J s~ :s, * h-z.::' Z,e.<:)1 kIIk.g
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    S to.i~ Lf Tn roo tt Ii ~~ Praces s h ~ lA ~ :. q'3.1.{ '2- k;r l ktJ
    =t> ::l

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    • = Q.. ov:t
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    11AM.s., We.:' ~ (~~-~l \ :. (OOSLt4 ¥ '(2bS A1- 2."I~.0q)~ t~ ';1fs .\ .


    \,.Jc..
    -=. 2.1'1-(0 k.w <lliiica~-------------"';"
    (h) ThtL c.()e~\Gieu.t' o~ feV'ft>i'm(l.~c<t.. is
    "0: Q~o.'t '::. \5 '::./.055 .......~ ....::..
    We- 2./'2.(0

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    T~ -::. ,.q 3 \:::. ~~ Tc:. ':: l"'1'&k

    l'~ ':. Ttl


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    10-4'"
    -k
    PRoBLEM 10.34-

    KNowN ~ l(eCC'i.9erCA""i-l3~\s. ~ WOylc-\~ H\M.~ \"" Q.. '14for- CDV'o'f('eS$~"'"


    h~t f""~ SCdS~M wH·~ k\1.~l.O he~;h'kj CCAf4.Cl~. D* ctre
    k~wV\ ~+ vQ.riou.s locec.ttoi\.S.
    Elf\Jt> '. J)~+e(,~_~II\e. <.~) tlAC!. W\.~s ~ m;(e) <.'oj +~ C()~PY'esso(" _power)
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    ef ~.(of"MC4V\.e<t.
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    1$
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    3 Condenser 2
    IL'= '1.00 \~(, •':'.JI T Z.::.l~O OF

    r;;
    ---II W.
    '\ 7
    ><Expansion : Compressor I~
    L --" valve c::: I
    ~~~ I
    If r;:: =i1
    I Evaporator I
    .s 4 o OF k-----J 1
    AS5lJMPIt.ON~ ~ See. EXCU"'PIe. 10.3 Ja.s~u."'«fhDK.S I I .sOot. vo..pQr
    l':__ _ __ ::::J
    I-Cf J e~cept tke.. c.ol"M.f'('e~so ... e.ffi.c.i(.~~ ts
    lL v\ k,,,,oW1'\•
    AN At.'l S( S : F L'rS+ ) f1.x €A.eM. ~f +V.e pY'1 V\ e~p~\ .,-rQ.tez.c; •
    St9=+e. ( Tj::. OD~ sat. "G.f0r =t> ~I:I WI.1S" 6~lbJ $,:: o:z:t1..c{ 6fW Ib·4'~

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    ~_ ao~ _(,C'JO()O~w.JtA. \.1"'- \


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    (fr
    -
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    Cel) ,..~ (.()e.C·t:\.(.\e\l\.t o{- POt"~~~c:e. is
    0:' ~'ao- h3 -= ;l.ll (
    h1.- h\ .~-------------------~

    10-41
    K~QwtJ ~ A. o "" \(X is ~U-"r"-(l'\~ flw.<A lli\ "- "C&fo r - c.onvpre.$Sl·O~
    W\W"\.

    heat f\A.~ S"1 s~ • 1k.e. \}~lAiV\lte.-h-\.c, flew rO'\e e~V'~li\j tke.


    c.o~f~~~or ct~ ~ ~ varwU.s locati-o~ ~r~ k.~owV\.
    FIND: 1)~tc.(m\Vvl. «().\ fu COO\,(,~S50t" f 0 W«".. <.Io) tke. heeth'lI\q (..~cd~)
    (eo) 1£':ec.a(.f,f-ic.i-elA.t ef f~(ferW\ce.~ce/~(oO1W2. l.SeMr~\.C. CO"'f~y­
    e~f\.UeMOd .
    SCf:,t6M.AfLC t <OlV&tJ l>Ir~'" Qout

    "3Ctt.li,.~--- --~ T'2-~NO°C,


    3 Condenser 2
    I ~'i bOW" I
    t.= ::'.1

    r;;:
    ---II W.
    '\ 7
    ) <Expansion : Compressor I~
    L -" valve ~ I
    - - I
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    s I I P.:2.S'oaV-
    ~--- ::'.1 T.~-S0(,
    A$~vMenoN 5 ~ 5ee e)C (L~IL. ~o. '3 J CoI.~ ~\.A.W\Cfh:o}\.s
    1-4 I except- tke. U>t'l"'f'"essor e.e+i:c.te,V\~ i.s Qin (AI(\=-.b 'M"¥ 'Mit\.

    U.Vl/c.rt-OW~ •
    A-NM.ySl$~ f\~t) .(.\.',ce.o:dA o~ ~\.A.~ pY\i4c.\pe..l ~~-\es.
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    StMg.3 p?> -=("( baN') sC4lt. li,\u.~et ~ ""3~"'SSl.q7\c:~/~
    ~We. Lf Thrott h~g precess ~ \A ~ -::. ""~ '= ~sJ..(n ~::rI ~

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    (b) Th~ h~-h'V\9 c~cc.~~ l s .


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    ( 1. q '2.. +ems) ....
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    10- 48
    PR.OBLEM ID.5~

    lc;~owN: A- vOfC?r- eornfY"~s$ioY\ neo..t P~""'f> w·\~ Re-h-~e~A.",,* zz tU t\\e


    worlG\~ f.lu.i Gl. 15 10 be USe(,( to
    pl"'O"tc(e 1'2. kW -to hw 0....
    ~\.lSe. to ~'" h\s\.·(.(e. fe,""'P~-k<A"e ef :2.0°c. ,-,,\\e...... ~ C9~lk
    ~-\u.«L ls SoC.

    FII\JD " Sfe.Clfy eV'''"'fom*ov- ~ cowk""Ser f~f.UKes ~ ~


    CA) t~ M.CA.S} Hew ra.te.) (b) the. (O\'l\1>('eSCflOr fOw~r,J CL~(C) ~
    c.o~~ic.\«.v.k et fer~YhQM.c.e.. L ihfJ~~ J
    -se l-\EM.A-TlC. 4 ~l Verv DM?r ~ ~

    T QDut ':: l::z. Ie. w

    3 Condenser 2
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    f~ :. l'2. bDW' (TSAt '::. 30.2.$ Pc.)
    Also) \e-r V\(,-::: 80"'(0 tor ~ f\U"~o~~ et i\M..& ~~f>\S' uf\i'\A ~e.te
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    ~~ if- hl.t -:. \.."5 :. ~I.'\o \crt ~

    • _ Q.Owt' _ (12.kw) 'lk:r/s·\~, Ie..


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    (b) .L
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    as tke. wori(.\~~ fllA-Ld .
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    z:
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    A-SSVMPTLON,: See. E.2t'a..r'Kple 10.3)


    tl~S()rnpt(o)'\s I-If.

    A-NA-L\lCSl2.: For 0.. p'r(l,L,~ f"'4~ de&~11\ ,)W~


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    ,
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    •
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    10-52
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    ~'c:l.M.-l } "'-0 w~ .
    <
    PRoBLEM 10.4·1
    .E~WN: 'S.~y- stA.~ OP..fW"~+;~ <:LA.-ra.. A(-e. pt'c>vt"d-ed -f<>r (:4 Nr,"d~f1·oJ...
    h~1. t- r(/~ r1 s te -. V flo Y\J R2"2.... &\os t"k.a tA.lCJr.~ "'"j f/ o .. d.
    FIND'. 1)e+--t~''''~(~~ fow4.r ~ v,r~d 11'1 +'- c.e~s.tor o.."'\.c:I.
    ~ i~~",hr'iC- C.o~Sl()r -ef-fa'CA,11l1At!7) ~J\d (Io) f'..- c...e ffit.t.·p~ t 0 f fu"~fA"'e.t. p-e,..
    ,,) P~rfO~1I'-A A", e.x.er,~ ACCAV~'lo"\'j of r~ c.e-r-vSJUY" f'oe.u.er l·"'-r~.
    "DtS't.l.Jss. Cd) D-elll'f~ 4"'-d. ~VQ{(J...A.J. ~"'" ~.qr-,~h·c. <ffr"c.i.. ",,'i -for-T~
    r
    '" eO. + \I "'"1' ~'1.S' +e """.
    "Sc ...~ "'" "", l C ~ , L "1:~ 1) A 71'\

    Return air
    from house
    Heated air
    to house
    ,voTE: T~~ S'1S+-eWL "1 r~e.c"'"''''Jed
    Ps = 1 bar 5 frc:n- C)Co.tMf If'S <.. B.I G. .14 Q.lO\d
    Ts = 20°C T6 =50°C
    (AV)s = 0.42 m3/s 1.Q J e"<"('~,t "'el"~ Q..t'\
    -4-_-, Pz = 14 bar
    =
    Tz 75°C ~ "~('cd'O r L-ci c.e>", S' ;de ""t>d

    3 Condenser
    2 ~ (I tr ";+'..,.
    P3 = 14 bar
    T3 =28°C
    Ass-uil-1PTI 0 "'S;~ Se'~ Glss-u-r-h'OI'1S
    . ,., Expansion
    ."" valve
    Compressor
    II flJ.e. c:1 ~v- E)(AM~I".s (.~8J "./t
    0."" d T"
    4
    P4 =3.5 bar Evaporator Tj = _5°C
    PI = 3.5 bar

    A~Al..'t""SlS: (4) T~ powU ~~.,eci b'¢ ~ C.O""""f"-UO r: ~ ev.. /"" .. .f.<cl ~ Ex.f..I'f
    60 Wc:. 3.11 te:. \.V. "'I:", £'1. fe.' "-J w.c. ,~t V\ c = i/ D
    / , .

    (h) ~~ j\O\ ~ d. .....+.... fruv- Ex. <...8 ~...6 c.)C. (".11


    .•
    y-:. ~': ~(h'l.-I-t'a):. ""1.-"''3 ~~qY.rt-r,·O): 4.84-
    We... we.. k't-"'\ ~4'1,'T-""·7S"
    (e) ft'OM Ey;.;.C\ w~ '1"+ +"-,follllWI·\I\.5 «'«~""o d..tstvuc.:HCIY\ V~ll.lej':

    Co~C$O'{'" Ed = e. 47-8 (CoW


    Vo.\lfe: Ed: O. 2. 'l' L ... W
    c.o",d ,"",\;Qr" : E.cl = o·;u T '" W

    ""0 ~""..! t""-& ~#r"l'1 d,gdr~c.h·u", ~ +c- ~\I"""""--+-I (;rrt: et.e1--.r"","",~~ +"'-'-
    O&4t;~ Q.;r ~sc -F<-olM ~ I ~, I uri"'.) """",-st A. .... ..! < 1AAovra- ~ f<, ...t..-4. . ....
    ~ ..D ... cr.L -tb e.... c.e-.~( Voluw..A. ~""'e...t.o(i""J fC...4. e.v~",~ ~ ~
    Wt1 ': ~ ( ~\ - ~4) -:. 1M <. hI" ~4) :: (0. ()'f l<'/~)l 'J..q~:Tr - ~f·orJ lW/~: OJt't t::.e/s
    \\, - \.\6 Cp.. (T, - T~) (1.005 /(J/~,·IC)( 1'4 Ie;, 'J

    """'e"" wi+'" ~:. ToV-cV' cb.l I:i-c If &-_ A ... -eO'\h--ur'1 ~ bo.J..."",c~
    o
    Eel "- "'Ic.~, (SS-S7) -lr ~ (s 1- S 4) ] -e, To [ ~, (cp .l-l-~~)+ 1M (S"1-~4) J
    '2.~1 -t~.OTY
    ,., ~'7'!~((o.C\C\~e)(I.oo~- ~)~m ( , . . , ) (o.~S1'Z.- 0.3015 )~)(~
    ~.f::. '~/s J

    :: O. '2.02.. I<. W
    PR.1)SLE~ 10.41 (Co•.d d.)

    Efc.- EfS' '::: ~eA.ir [Ch<.-I-\r-) -To (tc.- ~r')] -: ..;.AiW-Cp ..... l <'Tfo-~) -To ~ ~ 1
    :: (O,'i')<.l.oos)[3a,-2.~3 .1-~J= (.("cti'w,VV
    ~Cl3

    'll-v. ""e+ 1"0. ~ ~e 1"l"1 &.0 Co+ I"I'I'P d 0 u..t "1,'0.. ~ c:......:t-rl·clA. 0 ....... 'd

    • Ro..+', of ~~1" "~p.J- S.ll teW


    c ()"""'1"'" ,U 0.. <» .... k:: ~

    • 1),sro~ ..h(1'" of ~e"(:J":J


    i", r'~ :
    - '-Ic\ tlJ.,"c e.t'.~'5'1 &.0 h·c".\!-,,".cI 1.4'1 i Ic-W ( 54.C."/6) .--
    +0 tt- ""o""s ..
    _ Vlt +~ ~~~ y t4 CA .... ,'f'cI o. ')..,. I<W l ~'1-%)
    o -.to i1:I t"'-' i ""....0 V >4"" "'i s
    - e~ .. r3( cla.o \VU C h'lM ( IS.Il-%)
    e. ~lB ~w
    e.o...,..-UOr" ~18~h
    0:).1"1 ~W ( i·,.%)
    ""\ve-
    e: °",d'",f e,.. 0·2, I'r tl.cl t l' 0/0)
    0, Lol.. te-W
    (,.~%)

    Co) "I'IA. ~s C Q.$~ 0.", ~.,. ~< -h'c.. ~ fh''''' (''1 w; ~ fu" . . . . 4...rp v..:t/ tk.(JvJ-)
    (>1'\

    .. cr'\I~'" <.., ~ 1'40 h'o • (.... ~ ~4!t"5'1 d.aL\,,gt'. J it> ~ 1-41"", ~


    -tv ~ ...tAC e.y'h '-'-1'....:t . -rMS, C~~ ~ 6b ~'",e cl b'1 i .... ~r f' ~ h'GI'1 t -tft... suW\~.r) :

    c:: (Et" - Eh-) ~ c 4. (" OlD


    W~
    I. ~ r -t\.o.a.t""'O~............... c, p~fw-~ c.o...ld /A.c ....c L..;... v~.J. b~ ~. I .. ~ I'\.j ~

    ~o4W'"'h' d.H~"(h."" , ~ ~ ~~cr"""" (N"~ ca..' C0--r--- r~


    ~Q.v\""1 A. """'~\iv,,- \ r ~ ~ ~~(. .t..fr(p' CA.' Jl II'\. c.; ~ ~ "'-........ d ~'f'<-o-a-
    iOl up"" . t.!uw ~J ~ ~ u- "'" ~ () ~o-U S''1 r i-t """ 't e-, ~r-
    ~ U'I'4 ~ &M.-U~t- 4-t. u..t'~ C.cM.f"~ ~~ r~ ~ -t<-
    .e~~'c. C0l0\.5oA-, v« """~ 1 ~vcA- ... c ~.

    IO-Sb
    PRo13LEM lO.42
    \(:NOWN: Air is +"'e wOY'k.,,"~ 4!-\w.& \'11\ a,,,,, taecd 6r<x.~~ refYic:Je~h'~
    CAjc.{e. Of..era.hV\9 tAA*o.. oxe: SfC2.cifle~.
    E.J..W?~ 'O~+eYm\iAtl. (~l ~e. ~.t+ work. \~6lv:t) feV" u'lM.t mC4SS of Q.'c,("' ~low)
    (h) fu. 1'e{-V'·\~ef'(l.t~,,~ ~ ..c·,,+~) reV" u.~~ '\'\'\Co.S"i of 0..\('" flow,(c) ~~
    cee ff\c.i(.\A,"\' of- ~-e~rW\OI."cc ) ~ (6l.J ~ c.oe*\c.ie~t ef rrfor~KCE~
    of ~ v-.ev-eV's\\o\-e. ~dc. <'f~V'a.;'\~~ b-ei-wulI\ \""eseyvo'u's ~t
    Tc. ::. 2'0 I<. ~J. Tw- =- 310 k ,
    ~eMA-Tlc. 4 ~\Vet-J t>6TA·.
    2.

    ~'::111-- 270"

    s
    ASSUMPTlONS: See. Ex~W\r\~ to.Lt • Qin
    AtJAp'SlS: F,'rst, f~x ea.c.lA. Q~ ~ prlVlc.i.PA\ S.tec.-\eSlTAlt>I-e A- 22-) .
    ~t. l T, = L10K ~ h,:. 1:tO.\.l Ic.~'k, Prt ~ o.c:rSqO
    '5\-t.ll,.te. 2. ~Y'2. =.. Vr, (P'ZI p,) :: J,.817 =t>- h~ = 010. \0 1c.1' I kg
    Siu+e. 3 T 3 ': '310 K * h 3 ::. 310.l.\{ k.T/~" Pr):' I. SS\t<D
    Sh..te. Lf: Pr't -:. Pt'3 ( f~ I P3 ) :. 0.518'2. * h't::' '2.2.". z.S \C~( ~
    (0.) ~e. V\e.t wor\.c.. \.5
    . . .
    W 41 el e.. ::.
    ~
    \1JG
    ~
    -~: ("'1.-h')-(~a-\-t~)
    :. (310,lO- 'L"lO,U) -( 510.~'f - 'l'2.fo.'l.S) t;
    = ii:» k:rf~ ~
    (b) l1\e .re~r~e~+l~~ C£Af~c.',,"'Y 'l~
    a.~~ :. \"\-"'~ ::. 1..10.U - 22""2.5 -::. 'i3.g~ kT/~
    (e \ 11M. coe.H i'dt.~ Qf- perfo-rm4\1\ce. \-5:
    ~:. VJ";1c.le
    ~ \" ( ~( ~ ~ 2,"'{ '+ <IIIl-.tr----------------------
    (d) For- o, r.e"~rs·'.b\e. ~c:..le. w,~ Tc.':: 2'OJc:.) Tk -:. olO(
    OJ ~ .,.C. :. '2-1 0 -::. Co '1 5 (;) mOo.X
    \~ T'tot - T Co 310 -'Z."lO • .~
    ....--------------~Ic_

    /0 - s.-;
    PR08~EM '0· +3
    KNOWN'. Th~ icA«tt B~~ refrUfe1'tU-lO'l\. ~c.le ~ Pr"Io\e,~ '0.42 is
    M~H~d +0 ,'l'\c\~e c.o~re'sor ~ "uK~)\"'e. e~\G,eil\,\~ o~
    60 ~ as °lo, r~ Sf4!.C.\-\"~l:1.
    ~: 'j)~ +e ..-rru"'e.. (~) +h~ coe f.j: i c. i ~ e.f pe r forrnCllr\'\ce ew.ct (b)
    del/doe ~v\ ~ut1 o..cc..OVIA.h"V\"'J 1 tw t'\e.+ LoorK l'vtpu..:r. 'D"Sc.Ji'L
    2.

    ASStJ M.PTloNS'. Se.~ Exo..~\e \0.5.


    A-\SO) \~-h To':. 310 K. .s
    ANM.\{SlS ~ F\V'~t) +~)( e~ ef t\,e. PY'~lI\c:,\pQ.1 f>Wes CTCA.'o\.e. A- 22).
    Ff'OM -\1Ae.. sotv.~ ~ P",b\~ \ 0.42.; ~\ ': 2'0.(,l k'J"l~) h~t.":. ~'O.(O \Jf~)
    '-" '3 ~ ~ \0 • "L'+ \c.'3" \ ~ ) '" 't fl -=. '2:Z'<o .1.:5 ~ ~ 'I' .
    ~ U.S\~~ ~e. cc~('~ssor e.H.LC\eY\CAj )
    "-c.'::. ""7.J-h\ ~ '-"7.: 11,T' ~~J.s-k,) ~ 395./ ":r/~
    ~'Z.- \;\, ' " Co

    SWe. If U"~\'V\.9 ~tL +wb\Vte. e~\c.i(,~Gcj l

    ~t -:. ~~~~~s ~ "'" ~ h~- 1\..1 (l1~-h'u) ':.. 2.3".3 \c.~/~


    <.~) 1'\\e. eo(:~~\G\~T ~ ~f~~C.e. is
    ':. • ci. \ lAo 10M,:> (~ \ - "" "f ) :. o. f9" 2 olIII!~t--------
    ~ W ~c.l~' ~ (k1.- "'.) - (~>-\A~)
    (bJ n..... ~.tl~'1 d«i~V(.-h·U>'\ 't"o..t~ .Joe ~ cew.r"'~SSOf' ts
    (~et/M\:.-::. To <f~ l~ e, TD ( (s~ - s~ ) - R ~ P-Z:/P']
    FroM. '",\ol<. ~ - 2 t ) s~ -e, I. S~(, 3 Cf tMf..J. s:. : 1:'56 OS. 1k.us
    (ld/~)c-=(~\O) lC L'l 1 1 0 3 --1.'S""3'f) -~;Xi)k(3)J
    ::. 20.'2..1 \::.'3/\~ ~ ~d./w.)c.
    S\M i.\Q.d'1 J ~f" tke. \-u.rb'"e )W\~ ~~ -: 1.13 \1'8 ~ s ~ : l.lf"'2. 31 )
    (ridlw.)~::. To [(S~ -SOt) -R~ P"/P-.)
    :~\o) (,.~<01.'31-\.1~'C'r)- ~.~l'f .LA(~)1
    ~6.cr1

    =- l '?> .2.3 k~l ~ ~ (Ed/~)t.

    lO-58
    'The \l\e + c, '--. ,,~-e ~ .e.,c. 4' ,.., j G{ S C4J .... r A. S'\ .e S' + 1··..""I1.S k +""-&. """. 5 '" -
    +e w-re.r'" ~r ~ ~ ~ c ~t"'" t., 0

    CD en - e.f~ 0 <h.l - ~.) - To( S, -h) -=- (I..,-~.) -To (,~ -,~ - t<fP'IP, )
    :: (}IO.J.l,J - :;<1$.1)- ,,\,o( 1,"3V1f- I.Cl170.3) =- Ci.B,3 ~~/~
    \k.a .--t- c.t.o...-j~ . ......,; ~ ~ V"j"J 00'.) 4ir fAn ~s +"'-cI.(.S ~ ~ ~ - '-k"""'P...,.a~ ....e
    he""t- ~~ too
    b

    eft-Q-f'f: lhl-~4 )-1O(SI-~4)-: (1.t'-"'4)-70(S~-~~-~~/P~)


    :: (Z70'" -Z-1'-.3)-1/0( t. ~~tf.~" - 1·'1-107.1'1) : - 7-.":f2... t::. 4ft t:.:J «;~-

    W'lvet/~ ~ (It\~-~t) - (~~-h'f)


    :: (3QS.J _ 210.") - ("110.l.-+ - "Z.:~G,.?) -:. 5/,0.6 Ic'(J/r:'(

    • ~(t ~"'\"3 "a """flAk h1


    w UY'"\'-

    • "Dl ston '''''' IIY\


    Jb1.-r~ ~ rt ~
    1 tt--
    - e~~('10 ~I\sfe~ 0uA-
    ., ~,l.t-~,,",? 1t)C ',G3 ~"J/~, ( /1.2> off)~
    r/ Aw- +(0....,.,. Ii)( 7.lL ~J/~j (t 5.1 1~)
    - E.".A'f'a "\ cl.~ ttvc..h'lI'o'\
    1/ t.0-r"us~ ),0.21 ~:J/tj (3GJ.7 -'0)
    v ~ ... bl'k~ 13,'2. ~ ~'JI t:.5 (;ts.'l 70)
    51.05 t:\1' c:~

    " F;rr \- \....ll.. ~,.j- 't..AL C ~~ ~ ....&...L.....t...; "'-0 l.u or I::"- (~eon ~ -f-,,- f-t..- e.u 0 r: Ie:), 1\-110)
    .y~ ......... "'-0 ...... ~I"~ i\'"t"ev4.-s1l.,./,tte!. (i"'UJIl.I.te l.4 C»l'ls-Hud). T~ I (1.1>\ ~er'::J
    fa1-~ ~",,\"'y\(~ f~ +-~ o..lr s ..d~ 1>
    .e..&.c.L-.. ~ ~ c~ f-o...~e4 +~ Fe ..",.....

    IO~ SCf
    pfl.o!3l.,elA 10.44
    I~Q daA-~.for ~e r~(,\,i"(eJ plak 4t'¢ Ob~I/..te..J lJ~llAg lTJ a.~ .follows:
    IT Code
    Wdotcycle I mdot = Wdotc I mdot - Wdott I mdot
    T1 270= II K
    Wdott I mdot = (h3 - h4)
    p1 = 100 /I kPa
    Wdotc I mdot = (h2 - h1)
    rp = 3
    Qdotin I mdot = (h1 - M)
    T3 = 310 /I K
    beta = (h1 - h4) I «h2 - h1) - (h3 - M»
    eta_t 1 =
    eta_c = 1
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass
    IT Results for D2m1 = 3 and
    II flow rate of 1 kg/s.
    119 = TIt = 100%
    h1 = h_T(lAir", T1) h1 269.9 kJ/kg
    s1 = s_hP(lAir",h1,p1) h2 369.9 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1 h3 310.1 kJ/kg
    p2 = rp * p1 h4 226.2 kJ/kg
    s2s = s_hP(lAir", h2s, p2) W /rn = 100 kJ/kg
    =
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c c
    =
    h3 h_T(lAir", T3) W /m = 83.88 kJ/kg
    p3 p2= t
    =
    s3 s_hP(lAir",h3,p3) W
    cycle
    1m = 16.13 kJ/kg
    s4s = s3
    p4 = p1 Q. 1m = 43.73 kJ/kg
    In
    s4s = s_hP(lAir",h4s,p4)
    =
    h4 h3 - (h3 - Ms) * eta_t ~ =2.711
    PI.OTS :
    130 , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 100
    120 TIc TIt 80% ,= = 90
    110 = =
    TIc TIt 90% ""-
    80
    ~ 100 TIc = TIt = 95% ""-' "
    ?2
    ...... 90 TIc TIt 100% = = Ci 70
    ~ ..I<:
    ......
    80 """)
    ..I<: 60
    ~

    ·E 70
    ·E 50
    -"'(1) 60 <,

    ~ 50 c 40
    ·so 40
    ·0
    30
    30
    20
    20
    10 10
    O-t--.,------,---,---,.---...,---.,------..,-----l 0
    2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

    P2 I P1 P2 I P1

    4
    =TIt =100%
    TIc
    d",~",~95%
    TIc =TIt =90%
    3
    TIc =TIt =80%
    cD..

    O-l--.,....-------,r-----,-----,--....,........-.,....-------,-----f
    2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

    P2 I P1

    IO-bo
    f
    PJa>BLE"H IO.4~
    /'.NOwfIJ: A-i ... I·t, t&...a. ~ool"lC.'n~ .(./v ..d ~ Q.t'\ lde....c 2r"yto.... r~f..-1·1~(" .. +t·~ Ctcle.
    Op.erofi~j dA.+~ o.~ci ~ r« fv-i,~r~n"'1 o'r~cd, Ar~ rl'~CA"ft·ed.
    FllvT,): 1)e.,.,.""""...e (Go) t Iov a.."!'"' J1o\Arr ft 0 VJ ,.."" +cJ (b) t'- H.t. +- fO l.N e r: •.11" r "'"*.J
    (C) +"'" t.oaff.·c..a·~ ...'" ., p"r"fo~"""'A.H.(e.

    SC\,(-SJ..\ATl.c.. t- CT\VE:I-J pA--TA:

    rr-------j1
    I 'Z.O \\I~/I~· I
    Heat exchanger H--f---I
    s 4 I
    l!:
    I
    IJ
    ASSlJMPTLQ tJ£: S ee E.X(l.~ple. to.lf.
    Qin :0 1S'toY\.s
    I\tV!rL'lSl$·. F lrSf" ~ ~i ~ e~c'" &~ ,",-e.. fri",c;~()..l 6~-fes (r~(e. A- 'Z.'tG) •
    SW~ I r, :f./~o PR =t> h\:. lO'{,qO fOkl/\b I p..., :. O.lql'~
    sta.!e. 1- fr"L: f r , ( 'i, 11.{ 1~ -=t> h 2. ~ I ~'3.(P t 6~' lb
    PLI P,) :.
    SWe. 3 T 3 -::: 100 oR. :::) ~"l:' tcp l,5(p \Hv.. {lb I t'"~ ':. 3.44. ~
    Sto.+e.lf Prtt ~fr) (P4!P}) -=,l3.4'iCA)(t)-=-O,5"lLt"1 --") h\{ -=-lOO,1.-1{3-kL(lb
    (0-) ike. ·How rat~ &+ Cllr'"
    MG\.SS \5
    •
    ~ _ Q.,'", - • ~ tons fL.€>0 6\.u1~""1_ ~lO 2: ...!k W\

    - ~ ,-"'", - (toq,q~- WO;LJ ) ~ l ~V\ - I ~ \'h\"" ..


    (b)rNAS , +U W\Q fowe.r- ihput is
    W~cA~ =. ~ l C'-'i:'" l ) - (~3-h't ) ]
    ~ ("1tO.'lI.()[( l~).l;·L.-loq.qO) -((l.91,~'l-lOO,1..",»]
    -= VN:l.l B\UI ",-\lA 0 I I i I 1 I l f f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . a . . . . ;
    LC) ""'"e.co~H_k\euk at- f(l.r~1"tv\tAM.cQ.. is
    IS+o~
    e,-
    \ -
    Q'\.\.
    \ill ~::. l,ql{'Z..\ 6.J.u."":k /lOO&\Uhw·",t
    \ \0\1\ :. I.SI.( 411!'!d~---~

    Jo-~ I
    'PRo6LE M 10. 4-(P "*
    ""Now N: T~ ~ r ..y To", r~~l', ~ r"'Af,'t1V1 c:y c Ie of Prtlb1e".". I O. 4-~- is l't1otJ.,·ft".d
    -to i"" e l l.ec("C ; ~ T ~ Co """1"""-' SOt or- a.t'\ cl. -/1..4,. b,.,., e "c.A (J-(. " S-f",., "c. trrr
    qfh·CA.·~"CA.·#t of "~OIDAr\.d q:2., 0/0 11I..A.O,,~e#ive(q.
    F/~'f): o.+-o~~·",~ (a.) "'k.A
    a tr """AU r(OVJrA.te~ U~) +"'e. 1"I~I-r-w."""""reA.:J.I
    (c) ott.... e..e".r~·c.A t ""* ~ p#r fU~~"t'\te"

    Pz.{f) ~ b

    ~c.~ ,g%

    AS~UMPno~s: ~ee E1{d.~le lo.5.


    ftNM-,/SlS '. F\~T I fi)(;, e~clA. (9~ t\,\.ct pn~ c..\f"\ ~~s CTa.lole A - ~J.e.)" S
    FroM. ~Q. '&o\.u.t~ 9~ Pro~\~ \0. 45""
    h l ,:: I oq.~O C3~'llo
    h~s ': (g3.~:t B~llb
    h'} -:. (Col, 5<0 ~\ullb
    ~"t ') ':: 100,'2.3 tbkA/ \ ~
    '5tAA·..(. 'Z.. US\·~ ~ (.()~~s ..or e~\.c.\4W\.CAj ,
    \'\ -=- h"Z.~-~, :> h -:. ~ +( h~5 - hi) - 201 'ill ~~/lb
    c. l-l~-~, ~'\ "'-c. - ·
    '5+0.t~ if U.s l~9 .fkct hM-~'Ii\e. e~I.c..le~Gc1 J
    vt-\; '::0 ~3-~j ~ h'i ': k~- "'--t:Ll.-l'3-k"ts\ = 1OS:(P2.f>~llb
    ~- 'is
    (~) Us \"'j ~e. V'e.tt"\:~ er~+\~.9 co..pCA.c.~\-~
    ~ _ Q\", _ (\S toW\.S ) \2.(90 ~/f\4\~ ,
    - h,-Yl'i - «(oc(.CtO-lOS.(,t) ~ \ ~

    ~ 117.1 ~'" d V\'\

    (\a) T~ ~ r--'" ili'o(\J ~

    W~e-t ~ .... l (hl.-L,,)-( \11-1.,4\-)] ~ ("1f1.1)[('~0'{.l{l{-lO<:t~O)-(t(P7.s~-(oS.~1.n

    (t S"''l. ~()o) B """'~'" -= o. 12..Q-


    (1..".>,4 tiD 13-tv-./ ~'k

    10 -,,2..
    f'gOgLE1V\ 10.41
    ~NCc.uN: op....Q+i""~ <tA+' At'«:" p"olll'd~c:l fov- ~ Br6yfv.... refy,',--rA-f1'Q\A",
    c'1c1e U.S'I~j ct,'r .:J,.() +~ c.oo",'c..'''''j fLvld.
    FIND: 1)c+-r-..·"'~ (Il) ;--c..... C4,'r Vl-tAfrf<oe..v rA.~1 (") +~ ~i- p0(.Uet" ""'I'~
    CC) f-Iv ~ . . 1·'. t'A
    ft'""" C'l'ACA'~J D-'O Cd) #--e C-o.fi.ff1·Cc·-eJ ~ per~ . . tl\A.AVI ce ,
    $q-$MAnC ~ (PI.VEtV bA-TA ~

    CA"'l"'O.~v/
    T3 -:: 3 10 K
    3

    , 2.101<

    1
    'It ::.210 \(
    AS~UMPnQNS ~ See EX~'e. ,o.'1'
    ANAP:{5\S '. f\'rs+ J ~,')( e~clA of +ke. rr\~c\ped SM-tt.s CTC\.ble A - za).
    SWe. \ T,=t10,," * h\:::.210,U k-:r/"~J Pr,:::.D.1SI:!O
    ~1"~te. 'Z. fY''Z.:: PY'\ (P~/Pl ) :. '1..81 1 ~ ~'2.:' 310.10 lCJ /l<.~
    '5 Wee 3 T 3 '::. ~ 2. V ~ =t>"os:: '31.0. t.ct k.r/ \c.3 J ~3:' \.' ~15
    ShMe. 4 PY"'\ :: r"$ <. f-+ Iv..) = O.5i4:l'l.. * ' ' -It :
    2.3'3.e.. \ \c.:r/~~
    Ca.) .,.It\Q. V\'\AJSS ~w V'~e los

    'M :.. C.A;~2j -::. (AV-~ fi ~ (0.4 M ')1 s ) ( 4zo "Pa...)


    3 ft T3 (8'~'tf .k.T )(3201()
    II cYNIM?.l1 \ k.'J'"
    I k.P~
    I 8 ~
    lo'N.",,:::' /. Z
    ~1t\1 Ic~'"
    Tk.u.s) t'-'t. n.t.t paww is
    (b) WG~('\~:' >M l(~'Z. - \\,) - (~'3 -~'i,]
    ;: (V~'2..q ¥)L('~10.1 - 2."to.[\) -(31.0.Leta-2.3'3.t,I)] ~ 'll ~7$ J:..t<t .'3C? ~W •
    (,) The. ~e\-v~e.~(Jw+\"'d CG\fCA.('\.'t1 is , w(,~c.l~
    ~\-", -:.. M (h\-~'{' :. blD'T~ k..w .......r -- ~\·"
    .....

    (d) ThQ. c..,e':'f~c.\e\\.t s~()'!.fforM(U\~ Is


    R:> ':. a.\ 14 :. {,l#·l" "W. -:. 2 ., 'f 3
    r w~t.le. :Z'l.3'1",W • ""4~-------------~

    10- "3
    ,.. ~

    . So ~ t\ c. ~ /00°4
    ~=30o~

    3 l':
    Heal exchanger
    I ~OO kPc.. I
    !.J 2

    ~-
    ---I .
    IWcyele =
    t i - - - - - - + l Compressor I We - WI
    , ~_ I
    ,
    \

    \
    \

    .s
    A$SUMPTLON': For fo..r1-(",) ,See. E.xa.~pl~ to.4. For
    'P().rf{fe,) J See ~tAlMfle. /0,5.
    A'NM..ysIS: S~~pl.e. c.~.JCM.lJ~s U51}....g ~cdz:t.froth Table. 4-22.:
    ~ : "T, ::2.6ol~ -==> h,::.2.(gO.D't k'J"/lc-j) Pr,:o,810S
    5..We 2: Pr2. S :: 1'(\ ( f"&ol,. ) :::. Z' 52.1 S ~ ~c. S -::: 3 SG:>. 3 ( ~~ llC4j
    ~\l'\j *1Ae.. L-seM.1Y~LC. (.6"MpfeSS Dr e~Ic.~eM'j
    h'2.~ ~\ + (n2.S h\)/~, ; "',-~ louo/o => ~2:'3~".31 k-Jll'j (0.\

    1I\c. :. 60°10 * h4 :: 38D. s 1 /GJ"/I~ Cb)


    S:ka-e.3~ 7 3:3 0 0 /< ~ "'3= 300." kJ"/~ J PrJ=-/·.3Sr.O
    S-kde. 4: Pr45 ::. Pr3( P4!P3) ::.. 0, ~b 2. ~ h4li s:. :2/8. 't 7 k.J l~
    t.(SI~j tke 16~+r-D~·lC. +tu-~ij,'\e. e{+;CleMCj
    h4 ::. h3 - ( h 3- ~s) '11::) lilt: lOO -(0 ~ ~ :::. 218 ,'t7 lc..J"l~ (tA)
    ~:: ao°/., ~ "'~::'~35.;21 k:J"ll'j [b)
    The. V\et IO{),("~ LS
    Wc.~c.~e
    M
    W.e.
    :.
    M
    -~ VV\
    ~ (~ 1.,
    -~,) - (\\'3 _h4)
    'Y\c.'::. ~ :. \ 00°/0 =t> w~!vV. :. l 5 k.~ ll~ ~
    .
    V\c.::' \1Jc:: &0% "* Wer l M =- 65.3 k~ll~

    "'ow J ~Q... cotlt+\<..\ev.:\- e~ ~eK~('MO.M.C.e. '\..s


    e =- ~'II"w..
    = ~h,-h~)
    \ V\J+('M 'N~/M
    V\.c;.~ V\t ':. lOOblo ~ 9 =~"4 .~-----------:-Cy;.t.)
    Y1~ -: ~: 80 % =t> ~ ~ 0,45

    {o-lP4
    PRo~L€~ (0,48 (Ctrvrt'&..)

    (h) 711e ~a.,+~ ~ -/1A.e ('e1ulreJ flofs etY"e Ohf-r,..li.-tuJ U.SI~j iT; c..s;+-Ollow~ :
    IT Code h4 = h3 - (h3 - h4s) * (eta_t 1100)
    T1 = 260 II K
    Wdot_c I mdot = (h2 - h1)
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    p2 = 300 II kPa Wdot_t I mdot = (h3 - h4)
    T3 = 300 /I K Wdotcycle I mdot = WdoCc I rndot - WdoCt I mdot
    p3 p2 = beta = (h1 - h4) I (Wdotcycle I mdot)
    p4 = p1
    eta_c = 80 II %
    eta_t = eta_c IT Results for TIc = TIt = 80%
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass h1 = 259.9 kJ/kg
    II flow rate of 1 kg/s. h2 = 380.3 kJ/kg
    h2s = 356.2 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) =
    h3 300 kJ/kg
    =
    s1 s_TP("Air", T1, p1) =
    h4 235.1 kJ/kg
    =
    s2s s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) h4s = 218.9 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1
    W /m = 120.4 kJ/kg
    =
    h2 h1 + (h2s - h1) I (eta_c 1100) c
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) W zm = 64.94 kJ/kg
    =
    s3 s_TP("Air", T3, p3) t
    s4s = s_hP("Air", h4s, p4) W 1m = 55.45 kJ/kg
    s4s = s3 cycle
    ~ = 0.4471

    60 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 3~---------------,

    50

    ·E 30
    -- <ll
    U
    ti' 20
    'S
    10

    O-l-,.......,..-r-,.........,..---,-.,.......,...-,--.,.......,...-,--.,.......,...--,-.,.......,...--,-.,- O-+-,............-,--,............-,--,............-,--r-r--r--r-r--,--,....,...-,--.,-
    80 85 90 95 100 80 85 90 95 100

    11c = 111 (%) 11c = 11t (%)

    'DlsUl~H~ ~
    • A-s ~e iseAl\h-o~ ic coV'\'\p'feSSD\ ~ .,..\.(/("bl~e. e.f+icieMc.ies o.ec~a..se.) &
    V\et \.VOr~ \~ rlAX'to ~ ~ cle, \V\ CI("~(A..g es .
    • ~ ~l~e. e~lCleMCj 4e..cr.ecues) pOl"""" 4 oY\ ~ (;(C('OY\Af~~'~j
    r-s clto.~{,~\M Y!'C'l/es .yo ~~ n~M )~er.e.~ ~ec.\'"eo.sl-~ ~e.Co..p~Cl~.
    --r'ke. cl.ecr.e.a..~~ \V\c.'tp~cd·'j c.cv..p\i& UJI~~e. \V\crec.(e lk \,\e+ t,uork.)
    t'.esv-.lt \\1\ ~ clro..~~-k(.. d..t-otr (\1\ C?e.#;ci~ e-f pQ.r~('VY\.CUAcQ.. ,
    co VY\ro..-ra-J. +t> ~ lc{e~ ~e ( csw.-m,p·l.C. c.eV"\fre~Stc)')A ~ e.~raM'lcM~

    to - flS
    kNQWtJ: The \<'AetA.\ ~r~i1!m- Ye~ls(,r{A,tLOV\ ~~le. Df frob\c.m 10.4-2. is ~c1L1 i~J
    to lll\c.lu..cle. o, r~(lV\er",tW~ \\~ elCcJ...AWj-er,
    FlNt)', 1)e+e.f"~'~C2. (tt) ~e. lowest let\l..f'.er~e.J ,~j fu. Y\et wcn-k. ,~()~
    ye,v".u-Wk 'M..~~s st o..\"- flew lee) tf.d ~f:~~e.rn.h~9 ~(Ac'd~j)rer
    LU\l t- MoltS!> ef o.."r ~lev.> ) (tAj ttvL c.o~f{.\c.,~ et- fe. rlorV't\Q.1A ee ,

    SCH-6f:.:\MlC t ~\"'~ DM-A:


    '2..
    T VI -:. l~O ,,"PC\.
    1,:::.210 K.
    rij-----=---.

    ,---
    I
    II _
    .s
    !--.---
    AsSUMPTIONS', See EX(l,.~\4l. \O~4, Turbine

    Mso) f\\e.-e is we h~ ~ster .n,,1V\


    ~ lI\~ elCcM.Q.~er k> \k ~~Ws5,
    ANAt.'iS1S: F\rst l ~lX e.o-dA. C!)~ ~e. Qlr\~c'fc.J &1A.-Jes. (Talo\~ A-l'2.) , 'FroM ~
    soLu.+~ 10 Prob~ 1t>.4-2.1 h, -::. 2.,O,ll kTI ~) h'l.-::. a10.IO k'J' (~ ~ I

    nq.-: . 3\0, 2..'t \<T I~,


    StA-te.. ~ \~ '::, 2.80 Ie. =9- ~~ '= 280.13 \c.::rl ~ I p,,) -::. 1,06S,\
    St9,k 4 Pr'i -::. Pt'~(P'f/p~) :'O."!lfol.ct1 ~ ~'t::''l.Ol\.2.'f '&.!) T~-:'20~.3k
    -;>m.w.. 10 FoY'" t\..e. '-'U\.t e')<.cM.Q.vYjll.t'" ~ 't~_-r.__,,"il\
    o =. (n let - h\) +( htA,- h~) ~ hb ::. :z. ~o ~~/~ (Q,)

    (b) W~le ::. (h1.- ~\) -\h ~ -h"t) =. 2. ~ .\ 'k.:S'/~ ~


    (C) ~e re-h'~et{A.h'lA~Ulf(A.C.~-\-y b~rY\es
    ..
    a.; = ~b-h't ~ 35.1Cc \c.'J""/~-:t
    (do) ~ =-
    \
    ?\,,,/.m
    w~{-M
    -:. I.tt 8 't 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I j ; " . . .

    IO-b~
    k::.NOWty', Rec.oy\'s~tJ.e.r +\\Q. G\1c,\e. e'- frobleM IO.Li'f CMMl "V\c~t\A*.4Wz
    ce~<essoY- ~ -hMloi"'-e ~"Q. ~f.f\..de"c.\es 0-4- 85 cw.e( 8so/0 )
    ("-€SPLc..+\."Q.~ .
    fiND'. A-nswe,r +leo S~Me ~u.es+t:oll.S iU ~ PrOb~ \,0. "let.
    5C~T\.C.. i Gz\ v'6N ])~ ..
    T

    A-s-sv MPn.O~ s ~ see E2CA.~ \.e-


    10,5. M,S.O J -I'ke-re·c..s ~ heA.T ,--=-'ts~ _
    ~S~\ fte,m fu ~ s
    ex~er +0 \t.s $UKr~'~'
    ANAL.'1Sl$: F\rst,.ct',c e.l'A.CV\ ~f ~e ~T"\~C.lpG.( s-kA.ies (T",lD\~A- Z2.). FYoM
    ttA.e SoLu.,~ to prob \eV\,\ 1.0. 'i~
    h\~1.,o.lI "'SI~ hl'= "2.80.13 "~/"-9
    hz.~ ':. -a,O. \0 \c;rl\c.~ h 'tS 201.(.1. 't \c:.J"'1 ~
    ~ll.': ~\.o"2.'" \c:.;rl~ h\a 2.'"10 ",:r/k,

    S+a..Je. 1.. ~S\."""'~ ~ ~res.sor- e.Htc. \e\I\CA.j ,


    "":. \\7.5- h , *
    k'].,= \t\,T (\11e'r k , ) '::. 391.1
    \-\1..- ""-\ ~c.
    lc.J'(~
    5We. Lf (As \~ ~ ~ +u..-o,," e, e «-lc,\'eM.~
    "+ . . h 3 - ~j
    ~ ~~ V\'("
    ~ he, '::. ~ 3 - ~t 0'1)- 'vJ CfS) = 1...l3.'35 Ii!:-.l Ik9
    0°0 T"t .... ~13.'i K ..
    4---~

    (b) w~ -:.(h-:e\.t, ) - ("3- h j ) : 5~. ~ \ kJf(..A


    r::J4l
    (c)
    9-j' ': . ~ b -l-t 't -= 2.~.' 5 k.:rI~ < . l I " 4 . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Q
    ;.:.;",l M

    Col.} e,-= 2.~.1D5 '::. 052tf (3


    '\ 50. e I . ...lIIlilr-------------------~

    1)is WH(~<n1 ~ &5t'\ft,pcvY"tL-1j +kese. . . eSM~ W(~ tkcse of Probl~ l0.49) we See
    -/1Ae fevt().. .QJt25 QsSocc'cc1-e4 (,vifk i'r'YVI~'~11 h1-i~ i", ~ ~~~~cr~
    fr,vrblC,e = ;V\creA-fe& TI\.t,·V\) t~c.rea.r~ hef- VJ c1 rk.. ) cl.ecrru>.seid, COfo.Cc..ry)~
    J€.cre~<4{ CO€#ic.t'~t '*-
    ~er+o-rMJU.«e .
    PRDe<..e,t1 10. S {

    il-le.J~ .kJr ~ Y'~~~ rlofs (J,J{~ olo~tM.dt.e.tl~


    -+Ol" S cw.-rl~ c o.lc.lAA~s .)
    IT Code
    p1 = 100 II kPa
    =
    T1 270 /I K
    Ta=310 11K
    Wdotcycle I mdot = (h2 - h1) - (h3 - M)
    =
    rp 3
    Qdotin I mdot = hb - h4
    rp = p21 p1
    beta = Qdotin I Wdotcycle
    p3 = p2
    T3 = 280 11K
    p4 = p1
    eta_c =.8
    IT Results for D2ah = 3
    eta_t = eta_c
    mdot = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate. and TIS! = TIl = 100%
    h 1 = 269.9 kJ/kg
    h1 = h_T("Air", T1) h2 = 369.9 kJ/kg
    s1 = s_TP("Air", T1, p1) h2s = 369.9 kJ/kg
    s2s = s_hP("Air", h2s, p2) h3 = 280 kJ/kg
    s2s = s1 h4 = 204.2 kJ/kg
    h2 = h1 + (h2s - h1) I eta_c h4s = 204.2 kJ/kg
    ha = h_T("Air", Ta) ha= 310.1 kJ/kg
    h3 = h_T("Air", T3) hb = 239.8 kJ/kg
    s3 = s_TP("Air", T3, p3) T 4= 204.5 K
    s4s = s_hP("Air", Ms, p4) W /m= 24.25 kJ/kg
    s4s = s3 cycle
    h4 = h3 - (h3 - Ms) * eta_t Q. /m= 35.6 kJ/kg
    T4 = T_h("Air", M) In
    0= (hb - h1) + (ha - h3) P= 1.468
    PLOTS~
    220 160
    TIc =TIt =100%
    210 TIc =TIt =95% 140
    TIc =TIt =90%
    TIc =TIt =80% 0; 120
    ~
    200 ......

    Q'
    / -,
    ~
    ~
    100
    ~

    190 ·E 80
    ......
    I-" cD
    u>. 60
    180
    'Su
    40 TIc =TIt =100%
    170 c =TIt =95%
    20 TIc =TIt =90%
    c =TIt =80%
    160 0
    3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

    80
    70
    P2/ P1
    1.5
    d
    P2 / P1
    I
    TIc =TIt =100%
    ",=",=95%
    TIc =TIt =90%
    TIc =TIt =80%
    60
    0;
    ~
    ......
    -,
    ~
    50
    ~

    CQ..
    ·E 40
    ......
    .!: 30
    ·0 0.5
    20
    10
    0 0
    3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
    P2 / P1 P2/ P1
    10-08
    Pfo6c.,.EM 10. S '2-*
    KNOWN: It\r is ~ work.I·V\~ ~hM.el \Ii' ().. ~rO-Cdtem ("Q.f-r~ero.t,,·,,~ ~de
    wi~ ~ Y"U\-eN\e.r'<.twe. \tleA.t elC dA.~1A9 es-, J)o..t~ ~re kt1.0Wt\ AA
    V~r(,.eu.s l'iJcQ.tt'oY\s o.'V\C{ +t.te. I"-eCt"lCi e r~h(>", cQ..~o-td."( \ ~ q \.v~~ •
    De.\--t.r""""",,-t. (o...)~"'-e volv..lN\,e':\.. rvc: ~ low rct.tc.. o.t +-~e..
    -h\rbl"",e l"'-\<'-\-( a.......d.Cb) {~t.. c.Oe.~c..\C.l~",,*-O~ ~er-~r-""",o..O"\.c.e..
    SC~ e MA-T\C. \ (OWEt-J I>A=TA:
    ~
    T, '" qSO°t<.
    T 1', =. l$ 1l*/t'147:

    .s Turbine

    ,tSSUMPDONS" See Exa.~IC2. lD.Lt . Al~C» ~eYe. cs ~o ~~ inw.s ~e.(" ~


    ~.e. h(l.C'A.'\- t"clI\o..~e-r ic H.s SlM""rOu.~l~ •
    ANA-L,/S\S" FiV'"St,.f.i)(.e~c\A o~ ~e. fy\",(.~po.l5~s(r4ble.A-2ze).
    sicde I T," 4~O OR. =t> k, ': (l4 e<Dq e4ullb) p~, ~ O.cH~2..
    Sto..~e. L.
    StoAe. o.~
    pr-z. ~ Pr\ (f~/p,),:, 2,.C(4.,<i
    T~ -::.$1(0 DR *
    h~~ 11.'1.0<0 6"'u/lb
    *
    h~ '= t~L'\O ~/1.b

    5\-a.-\g..:3 T;!. '=C{~O o~ :t> h~ -:: (Ll.{.<o'\ 6kl/\b) r '3 ':. DeC{ l~l. r
    sto..~<2. :\ PY't '= Pr 3 l.p., IPs) ~ ().~l(l.(~ *
    k't -::. ~S"l... 6\-w'lb
    $ta!e. b For~~ \teA.t e)C~e.f")
    0-: (h b- h, ) -t( ~~- ~'!I) ~ hI:> -:: lOO.1 '2..~/ lk
    (tA.) \IJ,~"""'4.,!\V~ re.t.r\C\t ~\-\.~ c.Cl..po.c..\~'(I +"'c. 0.\ r ~s .c.l~w nv\.c. t;
    ~ _ Gi.", -:. ( (415 +0",' ) 11.O~ ~'N.(""",,,, 1_ ~
    -(~\t-"~) ltoo.~... -91..'i't.')6\ov.(lb l ~o", -2..\1.<.( '-\.'"
    Q.~ ~c. volv._.. ~ri.t. Clo",", ro-k-t.. ~+~ ... c.~-t r ~~~or ·\ ...\.le..~ \~
    • nT (~11 u)'& ((~\o(~) ~\\)~( 6 \0,., I~ ('I,) (AV)
    (Av) ~ W\ '" , -::. ., _\", U:cii (\t~1l "{.OJ '" (~ ':.l9~.!:!. \
    'P, (1..0) l\).t.li",~ I'N I"'' " 1 Wl,l""
    (b) The c.oeffl(,i~""t af- pQ,rforrY)aM.c.e is
    ( h b - \-h.) _ l"~.go
    ~ ~ lh'L- "',) -( h 3-"'Q) - ~l.""t.l -~·ll

    I o-,,~
    PR06l.EIvi 10.S3-4(

    ~NOWN ~ Rec.on.stc{~r ~e. c~cl~ 0,," Probk.M 'D. 52.) b\Nt lY\c:1w:(e. C.O~t'~~
    o..w:l iu.rb,,~e..
    eff{ue.II\c.Ces of ~g ,g/o ~ iV\ +\vL £U\.(1.~si~.
    El...,t>~ At\swe-r t\.\e. $().W\(L \u.eGtio'1\S a.c \\'\ 1'i'Ob\e,M I~. 52-
    SCHeMATIc. • ~\VEN t>A-1'A ..
    T 'L
    ~S.•

    ~,<\'
    ""
    .",' ,'
    v.,0"\

    3
    A~SVMPnQNS " S.ee E~""f\e.
    \0,5. A-l$oJ tkeN. Los no ~~
    ~ster- b.e1w~ ~ ~u.t
    e~~u-~ iIt.s SUN' S
    ANAlH~l$" l=\rst I fl~ ~et -\W. fY"l.~Clpo.A sto..ws(Talo\e,4- Z2E). ~ ~
    Sol\AA-~ +0 Prob\e\M. to. S 2-
    k,~ Ifl.{,~~ ~~/lb ~)= ll4,CDq ~W./lb
    hl.~:' tS"LqO t>\-u.1l1o \1'tS -:: ~. S"t. 6l-u./~1o
    h (1. ~ (1..'l.O~ 6\1.l/l~ "'b :=. lOO,~ "2. f>\V. Hb
    SW'!. '2.. u,'!> L"'!; ~e. c.o~i"eSSOr e*l.("eVl~
    "-'-':. ~h.cs.- h, =t>~"L': h\ + ( h1.S~ ~,) =. (S~.ql ~\u./~b
    "~-h, ~~
    sto---te'± Us ,,~~ ~e.. -\uK\o,,~e. e.H~de,VlCt1
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    11-1,/
    PRo'8LE tv1 1/.1 S-

    p= R"T
    'V-AiJ
    <-.) (,As,''''", E.1,s· 11·3 ,tVA I14 cd e, 0... o." • .b ,..... +tV'wtS # f Tc. ... ",eI PC) Cl:t)
    E"'r"'~.t,(' +Ioc. • .,uAh·o!'\ j", ...... ~.s of Z }TR} Q"'cl v,t.
    AfoJ ALoYS I S: Co.) t>'~"f",h· .. i\·",~

    _ iT
    <.V'-o.>'"

    _ iTc.
    -
    (Yc-II )'l
    Cl)

    t>. ~ f<'''t!'\ h·c.. ",.""j

    (?J'lp \ _ "'" ~ R'T " ....


    \Jva. JT (v_a.)3 - Tv"
    "+
    ...
    .1.
    "'("'t' e... ·"'·t... I t
    ,e,"': 1.~. . f.bJ
    rr ...»>::a.)....
    , : O. "'''''''S

    At t,,~ c. r.· "" t a I l'(Jll~ t :


    Pc.: ;T Co (3 )
    Vt-~

    _ L - /.
    _ ... - l
    _ Jt,Tc. 'Ie. -+~....
    (...
    V~ - ~
    _)'L '= 0
    0..:: q R Tc V, 8

    II " a b ,'", +0 I: Cf • C1}) Ct.c. Vc./~r( ') = 3/8 } 0....

    0.. V ~7~",)( i'l.rc.:t/~)


    r.Y
    l{'t
    ~
    .:L
    ~-b iT~~ v-( l'Tc.]
    '::.
    i'Tt v
    aPe.
    O~
    I ~?1'4)( RTc/Pe V')
    Z: I -i[::] Ttt~

    1""141

    2 '::
    V'; ~7/'4
    '1ft'T~ 'L
    .. (b)
    ,,'"
    ~- 'i
    I

    \\-15
    ?'RoBL EM 11./ <0

    8C!At'h'e -8l"I·o" .......Io\


    RT(I-t)('1+B) _ /II.
    ,,~ y'"

    A I, - \ ~:. '8 0 I
    A ':. 0 ~ - 'Itt ('-TtIP,-)) , l
    I-
    vib (ft'Tc/Pc) ) 1

    "t>ef\lo\& +"-c.. folle~"~ cLt'IMe",.,·o..tl.e.s..t "v~""h'e!t


    0.': ~ b':=..!- c/ ~
    rt,Tc/Pe. ) ~Tc/Pc.-1

    A,0'=
    -

    ~,.....,\, .f,"" ""0... I -+"'"C ~ 1v 4 h·o..... of s-+-" ~ e. be e e IN\e ~

    Rl~"c( T )c I-~) (oI~ .. ~) A 1


    . Vc. (RTC/4.)'a.lv,.,)'a.·- Pc.(VlII')z'( 2~(/h)

    PROBLEM 1/,17

    K~O(,UN: "'''c.. 'D,·~.t.""c" E'1 u,,""O'" of s+.. +~ is

    pL(:~:) fl'ICp ( ; ; ; )

    f,,,,,r:>: (..)E" .... \"' .. 4e, 0.. -..... ~ b I· ... ~e ..""s ,., Tc. .... cl Pc.. VI.·..., IS,s. /1·3. C,,) €~p.u.s
    +"-c.,u"t.+-·.I\ ,'",- +e",,,,,r 04 'Z,TR,Q ....l"il... <c) Co... V....++IoC r er.. ltof,..rt
    tb) ilfl+" 0.. V;"'AI S'c .. ,·~s ,.... v,.:.

    a.~V""l.") ( 'l)
    '11 (v·b\'&.

    II-lit>
    c..~i h' u..l. 'u,·.. . I ESet - (\) j ,"". J

    RTc. (Vt.)l.
    ~ ~=
    lVt.-b )

    0:..

    "Ilo\SCt".f,'",e:"l3) 1·l'\f,)€,.(~1 A'l.d s.·...pl.f'J,·""'~1 b-=-Vc./1., "TIwsl/t=~RTc.VC."


    A+ ...... e. c\'"i ~"c....1 (/'0'''1' J t-"'~ ~T')I,hl1't-o ~f J'+-.. ~~ fe-Ads

    Pe ':- lLIc
    Vt.-b
    e-vp L: p.."Tcve.
    ~ ) _ (LTc.
    - C!t- ~)
    eo",,,
    "
    l- 2.::::::)
    lJ"Olf\ ~duc:f\'u'" I vc.:' 2.~-rc./Pee\ ~,v":J

    'l. t.-
    o. ": 1 ~ Tc ) b: It 'c.. --4iS-----------
    JOe e"&. P,el..

    tb) with tl.v-- 'f"~V\. .e-1~e>-h"""" 1; s~te- J +LvA...G4vU.;t-r1 rO-rt(o..)j


    o.~ d lo:. "TR "Tc." V:. v~ RTc/Pc.. ) W~ Je+

    z. ::

    z ...----------- (11)

    "T)..e- ~'O"\h' h-...t -Ic."._ e..-.. .. ts» ~ (,,0,1,..' Hr"" I<.J Q. S e ,.,·es. Coot \~ch'I'\"
    rtrv.ITt ~"'6 fe-eluted.. tb fe.J

    z:: I-t- .Le"&.L\- ±.Ti.1


    .... J.. +
    'v1t,. ~ - JL
    e.l.+LI- TR Trz\. J .l...
    ~p.' )"l-
    ... - - •• ...
    (c)

    11-'1
    PR.OBLEM 11.18

    j(NOL&JN: The Pe"'J- I~ob/rll;on €Cf v"no., ,}f s:+... +e. ,.~ S;pec'~'ed.
    F/lvD: €VAI ... ",f<?+"u cOnsfrt",h 0.) 10) C i", ~" .... s <l·f PCI Ttl ;Zc~ VJ'''S c1sJ 1• 3
    AiUALY!;U;:CVetIVAh"'j +I-u. Pe"'$ -RlJh,VlJCJlA <pe.,<.NcAoVl 'Z :sf...-t-e... 0..-1 +ke cvd..,·(~
    POI"t <\",,<1 vs,,,,) 'L1s" //.1 jives -t~ (vlto""''''''J tkl'-ee. €J><.pN"j.S'/t"Lj

    (I)

    ~o.Vc
    o
    (v<-"'-cl.) l.

    J.. R, T<. ola. ( ,/<-7.. _ (;.,,-) 0)


    Q'c-kI )3 (V;-_<;..'2.)3

    1 2.- (+)
    S Vc- Pc.
    R Tc.

    '~'JG- lZ TL
    Pc..
    z: 'Ie. [~- :t. J (s-)

    ;2. (~ )
    c=

    I, tJ c::>+~ *~ u..;\"~,,, 'Z<..:: '3/[3 G 1 s: . (+J S' J .~ c e fo


    E'J~' C1 11 4 c<} 4- h ) }AJ2..spech'l/e 1i _ ""["1"1", e,ua-hvi/l
    of' 'S;' f.,.. i«. reck c ~.r t +k

    "((",,dw (,VA-a(s e I V<?.hOVl.


    reotsi:e M 11.1'1
    l<:.IVOUJN: The U<1'11!"a.,- S+,q'l,"j - be Sa,,-hs e7vc<ho., of s1c<f~ /s j:>rov/de-e:t}
    +o1e+loer ""', -fho v'c...I",E'~ l'
    t-/"'e COV/~ThVl1T l"l + "'-e "'7uc<f,'oVJ -fol~ -/t-.JL
    CA~I: 'f., r<.e b'- I ~e nil'+' 11... <\ '" d /3,

    F'ND: Sp~c<f1 wt-c~ <i( t-h.c.. f-wo r"'fYl~rera.Vii! G<.>ov...Aci c..tlou.r- +t-t..
    .s"... 'lA-v- ~v~ "b ~Sr ·10 ~ sfvred ~.:. /O_/Nz1 verIe{. «.t O.2..NP~)
    (O()C. D..z.~"""'-tl1e .t-~ lMe(1',r.

    A"'AL'("'$~

    fbI'" ~ CA.r-e If R~2..) l.t.Sit'\.j +~ IIlkt~-eS of. +~ c..OL-\S'~",t! rrovi d~d..J

    8) ( , 'L
    1:>-= (0./5370) ~ E-'.84/Cf'f)(.to4)(3S3)r (_5.0?"'ff.)(tO ~S3)
    -=. ~.). 4bJ ''f.. /0'2.. .!::::-=- £l,,2-4&3 ",(.,10-2. ",3
    """t /::..... o I
    '\ ( -3)( 3\ i 0 crs. B)<.tO- 6)(J.fS)2)
    C(-:. (1. .;)2412. 'f../o") e)(.p (-Z.77lJX,IO ?,r j + ,- ,
    ~

    = 1,2. 174. r--. / D " 'J. W> >-


    (1<-""'" ')

    1" . J 3
    \ to ~ T (3 - (3~ i, 2/79)( /o I.. ( '")L
    ( Q,A. '/--/01:. fV/..,,1..) V _ •
    F"-~&'

    (l-tf> y~
    (n/4 \:S«~'K.. ' {1 f3 f.-)

    w""e~~ f = &.24 '-3 y.. 10-,,-/4 V.

    US:I""a- ~"" ..
    ~'\:l - h-. ~(\1-er'J ~ ~ Ii:. ''f..'ll 1M1/t:~. 1"-""/
    wit", 1'1:. l"2..b. ~ ' - fo-r R. n. )
    'I -:. 1~ ,'2.1 ~ 0.1 '''''~ w.3 , t:.J
    11..0 ••"

    Q) T ~..1 \J~ &4 (..Uj--t(M"", I (j~ of ~ ,,~ob~N-d frCMA~ 1:j.A.r~~ v-:. O.II&r
    'M3'~ •
    S ,......:. ItV/,,) tw- \213 ~ +<-. SA.W'C. S ~..J V:.. o· L'S C;' '31 ~1
    V\.,. . TL...c.....;
    __ ~-:J ~ -'o.C s 'b £'I'J C-4-- ~ sh:>r~ d'.

    I. h>,(, ~A-,...t.L J Rl'L A.l'\.O Rl~ 00..+.... CA.""- b.< OQ-t...MJ frlMl. c.8orSr\4kl<e4>1dl.E.fo_fa.3.J
    T~'-"eka"""""""""'C a",-Q Tf"'Q.I1."pod PA.4>perh'-e.r) VJile~) l-Je.wy..,..k J ,qqt) I#-bl#.s 8.12)5./3.

    \ \-\Co}
    'PRoBLEM 11·2D
    ",,",OWN: Two ~pf.SS;O"'~ ~,.. dp j", h"'''''l 01 V Q ... cl'"T Are.. pl"ov,.d.d.
    F'.... O: t>e.~Y ... ,.. e. c.wL..'c. .... of ~kc. ~o eJlf.p~sr'·o,.,.r ts +"'~ d.f+c"'h.,,'.' of
    A"" ~'lu .. fto., of ~+ai~: p=-pev,-rj I 4 obta.·... "tkc e,u.n'o",.
    A "'AC-V.s IS: ~ .. -tkC ~r-s~ 0+ +ke -h..oo ~, fl·c>"'\" let
    ~
    M-:. 'Ltv-lei) t.J: (V1)
    ~ R.T~

    ~'t+ka'S'-S +k~
    "" ..ct ~ C-.\o't·l
    d.fftre... n·", of. .......
    ft'~d~ ~"'/~T)v e,
    e.' ... n·o.... f-
    ?J1oJ/~V)T. c."~el:.·...,
    Sh.t~1 +",( "'~S'+!Dr ~,c+u'U

    ~) ~
    aT 'I
    -z--»
    ~

    As ~~ At'~ v"'~, oM' +""c


    I far-st
    c"",.. 1\00/\ of ~~ h.

    k = -- RoT J
    I..:.
    f'I
    ..&.
    V-b
    CV-b)~
    ~t":1""'1 tke ~ut f-r &ot'o"c~.s.r: @t1/clTh = - R/h-lt)1. I @tJlav)T =" -R./(.,_ItJ)~ As H4.l~
    (lie. c,\vAI I 0.. f.,... ch·o", p~p(7)'I) e\C,'sh .for ....c...·ek +c....e. f~c:o .. d c1.IP~f''''''·AI
    ~r"", is +kf' e.lC.oct o:l.~f ....... h·"'l. "To 0/0+0..", +""~ fv ... c:n·on I UII'.· .. e...

    elf> ~~)~~V ~ ~~ ell'


    c..o-Y'~"""'') w··t.... t .. ~ to"""'-
    ~)T=

    1\-20
    PtVJ~LEM 11.':L1

    ICNO(A)N: ~,~iJ = d"U'" ... pd V


    ,.."
    ~: U~c.. "\-~e... ~ ,ve"" ." pv.n ''0'" +O~ei".", \,>o,'+L.- t~~ tel't. to, ~At h,.,#tS ~
    'e., "I -,.,0 t. A r:t:) . . . p~rl",J.
    \Y"t ...... "'A't (1);""
    de"""",.. ,
    ASS"~P""ON', A si~¥,'c.. c.o .... I'''essibl. 'S'f.s/-~ ........ 01 -?, ... ~cL ""'-31 /'S v",del" eCKsl'deV'"tt'C"' •

    f=O Y" ... r ..... pl~


    .At-.) AI..'T"S IS: c.e ....p'~rJ'llo(e S'1Jk IAA ~f f,)c. d J,Oo\ ....S' J' I "tT= V (VI T).
    TlI.e d·fff.f... k·,,' of t",-<s ,'J

    Ii tr .. /b tr '\ dT -l ('li! ) d V' '= M d. T + N fiV


    ,,-~-r Iv '::Iv T
    A~ "'tTl V, A"'''- T At'~ pro pt>r,.i-e!.1 +1""3 is 0.0'\ ~tlt+ d..tH" rt' lOtu.,. ApI":! i I'\~ tlte.
    el('Ad t\~~ S :

    ~ L~;r)~JT = ;~ L(~)r]v
    '-)::1 '--
    N
    I· ... +D +"c ~ "'e.. """f'r#'tl"CVl £Or

    ~ ~~:~: ~~).,.clT "t ~~)T dv -+ pd~

    ~ (~;r)tr cl T +l~)r 7 p ] d~
    ]"~ Q:t ,'t ". ~~p.d"] , thot. 14~-t e~prnS/Qra
    A t"pl'j "~j +kc tHt; .«../ ue,*",,,rt +0 e,·(~)
    tor"
    ~ ~~JT:
    ~ ~).,-:.

    ,
    U.s;"'1 (;1,(2-) ,'O"l +-""'.1:.) AS iff eLi C.. it d.> +t1~ ~rl -f'ore'l'-~tf"1f"Sf ,.~ H.",·rp·pJ D"~
    ~"'ell'\
    C¥.;)V =- 0
    l-h>w~Y.rl fe-te-tt....u. 't. n'~' II. I Sk.oUolt +l....,..+ +""',t t..v.rwrrlot>\ I~ \o\ot' '~VI"u"6
    'St>.ht~'td· Tf u.", 'o~ C"""'e, ... d~d +~er.""r. +~ fhe. .J..st: f-r ~"t'n...4'J'.t -4-
    it ~O+ u.hrp·~J a.~d Gl,:t c::.A. ....... o'f- ~ '- pll.op.rf,. Tk~ uf~.f+t.~ f'1lN..hD/
    S (,.t.Ii..f1,.. ~,'Vlt is ft7 ~"~\I\_' T~': -r.,ef'.
    f."

    1\-'1./
    t< ~O"N: AlA. ft, ".nD"
    o.l r~~.1e h-.r 1 .... ft for- p ': ~T'/(V·bJ]+ d.
    r: ,,.,J): She> CN
    +l1a-t Ef. /I. ttl> ,',$ "'A"'''~ -f,·.. d.
    A ",A\..'fS IS: E"l.II,It. ""-..t t"'~ fo ....-

    (~~)v. t ~;)~ a;)~ ':-1


    '16~"'\o\'''j''''''' p:lt) v~Y) z:T J ...." ' -e,""

    ffi"),. ~ ill-)p
    ffi}~: ~)v
    (~)t:: (~)T
    \tSi"'5~ c"t".,..1'i'o",Qf s.t-o.te J @P/~u1T':: _~T("_b)'L. (I)

    So\" ""'j,)
    V:' bt .!:L
    p--'

    = <.p_o-)<,v-b) ~ oT) ~
    T
    ~ ,to 'I

    ~)fe;t (~~)T ~ (~"X v.:;t)( -(:~lL) = - I


    Tv.-... e t .11·1<. ,. & so 0.;',' $ ft'~ d.

    lC.,:,c('f,W) J y,:y(-e,w)J oz:'l..(x,W),


    s .... O"" ........1-

    @~ t, C* L ( ~:). ::. I
    ~,..Al..YS'lS: Ft>1' .........." el, f~ r e .. h·,.1J
    (I)

    (l.)

    t3 )

    R... \&C,·",~ d';1 .... E'l' (r) t.u,~k ECj.('t); 0.",4 +-he,,,, repl.c.·.. 1 dz i", i"e. r~rlA.l"'·..., ~'ltp'~S1l'OVl

    d,d~;)w l~ ).h ..G~)Ld...] +~v'" = ~t~t (~)~)."~\]d'"


    b';) &~,(\):
    4" ..

    ~ ~). ~~)j~)... t I~V~J .. L~L~) ... ~)~]d'"


    = ~)J!'J.~). "" "l rm.~~).+~.~J... @t1,]d"
    .., [~'&?.)::ti·).\~).1.w: l ~)~~Iw~)., ~)w~h "~\Jd '"
    'S; ...t.c. "" o. .. d w o.t'e. ; .. "e~e"'de ..-t) h.6lcl w t.o"d..,,+ A"ol VA", )I. TkA.t ts) c{w:.o A"~ OX;fO.
    Tk~""
    [l-~)w~)&v~)Jchc~t> -==> ~~w~)w~\v:l. _.. . 1
    . ---------

    11-'2.2..
    /SNowN:
    (fiJ, ': -G~)T (1/·35)

    F/r..>C: u.$t",~ E'1.{II.-a~))c.""-'tClJoe.~ ~"\'.$~e",,c..,. of ttl) +l-...t s+ea."'l-1. T-iI'-bl~~


    0-.+ '2-I'-tP(l.) 400°C) Cb) +~_R_~_'a~o... _~!oJ~!.l' ~ "2- /c:)~r) ~OOC.
    CD ANAL.."t'S'IS: We. S«.-\fc:t 0.-. ~r~~c..J( a.l"P""'-(/CLc;.,.. h.e.I"-e. CA.) USiY\., d...-.+-.
    f"('O'Y\A- -r~ A ~ ~

    .,.=~o·c.

    ".50

    p (MP..)

    !YoM ~"'e .., VS· T P 10 t J a-t 4fo(>OOC

    Cf' ~ 0 Z5 X.5l "".K


    ;Tlp'
    ~
    "0- ~"c. I.,. P p\otj .. to :a.MP...

    (is,),. ~ -O.~'" te.~j{1C

    0,13

    0.12. 1.11

    i I
    10 S"O 7D
    ,.. ( -c )

    Frc.;lo\.~ v VS. T plCl1" I c.'-'f so°c.


    f]!') IV 4.4S- X104 wf5/J<~'t<.
    ~ C.CCf~ ,fL..
    C~T P
    ....

    ~ ~' ,.rr) f&..a ciA. ~


    ~ bar
    j
    to ",. P ptCit,/,.;t
    ()...o..IL~';,~,

    ~}.r~ 4,4-f X lOti ••l'jk.!j.K


    IT Code - part (a) IT Code - part (b)
    /I (a) steam at 2 MPa, 400°C (b) R-134a at 2 bar, 50°C
    p = 2000 /I kPa p_b = 200 /I kPa
    T = 400 /I °C T_b = 50 /I °C
    dT = 0.001 =
    v V_PT("R134A", p_b, T_b)
    =
    dp 0.001 T1_b = T_b - dT
    T1 = T - dT T2_b = T_b + dT
    T2 = T+ dT p1_b = p_b - dp
    =
    p1 P - dp p2_b = p_b + dp
    p2 = P + dp v1_b = V_PT("R134A", p_b, T1_b)
    =
    v1 v_PT\,WaterISteam", p, T1) =
    v2_b v_PT("R134A", p_b, T2_b)
    v2 = v_PT\,WaterISteam", p, T2) =
    dvdT_b (v2_b - v1_b) I (T2_b - T1_b)
    =
    dvdT_a (v2 - v1) I (T2 - T1) =
    s2_b S_PT("R134A", p2_b, T_b)
    =
    s1 s_PT("WaterISteam", p1, T) s1_b = S_PT("R134A", p1_b, T_b)
    =
    s2 s_PT("WaterISteam", p2, T) dsdp_b = (s2_b - s1_b) I (p2_b - p1_b)
    dsdp = (s2 - s1) I (p2 - p1)
    IT Results - part (b)
    IT Results - part (a)
    (ov/8T)p = 4.449 x 10-4 m3/kg'K
    3 4
    (oyI8T)p = 0.2491 x 10- m 3/kg'K
    (8s/8Ph = - 4.449 x 10- m3/kg'K
    3
    (8s/8Ph = - 0.2492 x 10- m3/kg'K
    P~81-e M I'. '2.5"

    <t'·55)

    ~: UI;~ E,· 1/.3!"1 c.4cd. +,. """·II~Mr7. f 1/&) ~,,~ .I~ ...... +.or-'u ..... '00 I.. f/....~
    ~OO':I ,") t ... Al34a. -h."'•.s At" +0 '''''I'',,~ !t)OOF

    CD ANALYSIS: 'N~~~~~c....ROP~Ac.k~. £a.) U.SiYl.J c:La..~fr<fW.­


    T~~ A~"'E/

    v S

    tf) '-D (I~~)

    1.1

    I I 1 I

    '0 '00 1'&0 ,~O

    P ( I"""',,~)
    rv._ ~"'4e V YC T p,.t: It t 600'P

    ~~),: '.2.+ X'O·" ~It..


    f;.o_ ..... s P lit ,'o_ .
    t- '0. '''fI,', ~

    ( l!) : _ I. 'f. t ".0'3 1.lA./'.'.~ /!7,,+.My~) = - c..!. I X,o·3 £i!


    ~T f 'bfN"" '= ...... A' ..... ',,1 Ib·lIjt.

    1'&..., .. " ..h ...s C.'4e ;'" ~ •• ~ .. ".~ IMCMt l AS , ..'V.,.. t '., 6-,. ".1)-.
    (b) ~;+k. dA+~ ,f,..oW\ TA.b1c:.. ,A-l;l.e

    ~ ...

    I 0.1. __.....
    1 _ - - L_ _..I.....-_~_~
    __

    100 .io 2."

    ITc:;..... ft...t. V v s, T plo+ J A.i" ,ootJF:


    ..pl
    ( '~ ) ~ 3,0,
    . ~T r
    ){(o" '3 -
    Ib , QIZ-

    11-'lS""
    IT Code - part (a) IT Code - part (b)
    II (a) steam at 100 Ibf/in2 , 600°F II (b) R134a at 40 Ibf/in2 , 100°F
    pa = 100 II Ibf/in2 pb = 40 II Ibf/in2
    Ta = 600 11°F Tb = 100 11°F
    dTa = 0.1 dTb = 0.1
    T1a = Ta - dTa T1b = Tb - dTb
    T2a = Ta + dTa T2b = Tb + dTb
    dpa = 0.1 dpb = 0.1
    p1a = pa - dpa p1b= pb-dpb
    p2a = pa + dpa p2b = pb + dpb
    v1a = v_PT('WaterISteam", pa, T1a) v1b = v_PT("R134A", pb, T1b)
    v2a = v_PT('WaterISteam", pa, T2a) v2b = v_PT("R134A", pb, T2b)
    dvdTa = (v2a - v1a) I (T2a - T1a) dvdTb = (v2b - v1b) I (T2b - T1b)
    s1a = s_PT("WaterISteam", p1a, Ta) s1b = s_PT("R134A", p1b, Tb)
    s2a = s_PT("WaterISteam", p2a, Ta) s2b = s_PT("R134A", p2b, Tb)
    dsdpa = «s2a - s1a) I (p2a - p1a» * (778.17 1144) dsdpb = «s2b - s1b) I (p2b - p1b) * (778.17/144)

    IT Results - part (a) IT Results - part (b)


    3
    (Ovlot)p = 6.225 x 10- ft3 /lb·oR (Ovlot)p = 3.042 x 10-3 ft 3 /lb·oR
    (osloP)T = - 6.226 x 10-3 ft3 /lb·oR (osloph = - 3.041 x 10-3 ft 3 /lb·oR

    II.. 2..(..,
    kNowN: Ai 1..,,-, 1"1u,'cl \IJ&h.l"" k-.s
    .. iI .... + 4°C..
    FI"'O: Ock.. ""',,,~ e.u&.....t C.4"" If< C.cto\cludecl .... bou't (a~/a")T - t (4) 1°C) (fI)
    1-0CJ ee) soc.?
    SCt4eMA,tc. ~ ~1vt:N DA7A:

    At.lAL.'1"S,S: FYo"", c-1' 1/· '3 s"

    ~~)T = -~)p
    f}:t.) _') -~y '\ /)JP)
    C*Jp=~)r ~ =
    _.l
    V""~ P- ~ 1>
    _ J.
    - ,,""UT P

    nlaS
    ~.s/~,1, '> 0 fw- T~"'·'
    ~~=
    )P T ~~~), ~ ~.s/c)p )T = 0 fw- T= 4°C
    7., ..,.DC
    ftS/a'f )1 <0 1-
    ~

    ?/2.0 8LE 1'1 II- '2..7


    At. ~AS ."okN " Q41_,,~"Ctt" 0.11I. ... ,'$ c..e_p,.. .ssec! "fc",hp"c.a":;,.
    'Ooes ik. sp.e, /I't,. e ",+&0\.1 It ':1 i,,\tr.eoJ'c' e r- "ce U'~Ak AS "t"'~ '4'
    t>"H~S ~o_ ,'""let. ;'0 e'(j"t?

    ASSI1MP"fIOI\J: The. Cow. l".'SC,.o", e ee ur« ,'s."dyClp,·u '!:1.


    ""''''\..'01 S: Fro_ E'\. /•. 'l.'"

    ., is pos,·+\lfe. prus\,\te. p
    ill\eu.~S.e •

    ftGoB LE Mil, 28
    k"'oUo'N ~ A -4V.. cl.."",e .. +... 1 ..." ......... :311\, e, f.,.. c:.n'o.., l4:'lA.(S,v) ,', Pyov,·d.d.
    F ,...,0: "S"'-o .... "''''-..." "T, PI h J qJ I d 3 CA."" 4!a.c.'-' too<. cl~~e ...... ,· .. ed v~,,"'j
    Af.J"~Y~'~: Fro- e". ,.·).44 o.. ... ~ ll.'l.i T A""c:! P u.", ~~ fu",,,,d b(1
    chtfc.-r-tlll h'..(\ 01'1
    .= ~),
    f~ - ~~:\
    \..~~
    k'= 1.4.-to
    ....

    Also, II, d ~"'",,·h·.1'\, 'fJ .... U - 'T.s ) ~I'VI'~

    '{I =I.A.(~, v) - Ci7):


    lool d::: k-Ts) ~ill"~ 0: \A.(s)v)- vto~/a~)~-~l'~IA,JC)s)v
    1\-'2.1
    t'.NOt..J..JI'I. : The t*Imhdtz. {v"cf,'O'1 I. KVlDU),1 f.:'v- £\

    FllUb e.v~,144-I-<?- PJ Sj u) h) c.v)a",cl <r


    ,A1vAl-'fS1C 'The J..k.. I kA. kc t tz...f: VI C 1. tl '1 h cd' i '" .eft>v CA.-

    w he,;e. V') T' de~11A-t +"'-0.


    tl+ "' k.t f e ~{~lAc..e. ,~

    - (-~:) "==->
    f'~ RT/v p

    . I ]
    -t--
    T/

    LA.. ~ c. [T-""" J

    F 1,/>' t'''''' r ) C \I -;. ov../)t )V ) Yo

    (V ":.. c . . e - - - - - - - - - - Cv

    ~k d Cp"- Ol-t/a-r)p So

    Cr -.: ...tI---------Cp
    -~~-----------:---------------
    ,. 'Tk..<'s: .vlo~tZtV1(e Old f,,-el'et to ttle l'cle.d Sa.oS' ~\d€A (j.JltCA. cOVldv.1A7
    c.v .
    '?RoBLE~ 11,30
    K",owN : Tk~ Moll.4!''' ~'''9 1"41''''''' ~ ,'WlS A. ~""."",ud·Q.\ ofhtv~~""AlM.I·c.
    fv""e -n' 0 I/\. h,. ~ ( ~ ) p) ,
    F ,,vO: S,",O",", +"'-..-\- ..'\ A"".::J si-c4.tc. of, 'Ire cl. ~ oS ..... c:l p) t ~t p..op~r ,,·..t
    .,. I VI CA) 'to', A"d ~ (.0.... b~ ~VAlu","eJ fYUloN\. """4!' cl.t, ...,,~A._'
    SCH6MA"'IC ~ (;IVGN '1)"'7'-'

    s
    A...,,,I..'r"SIS: froo .... e,s. 1/,'1.<' ..... cl 11.1.; ,. ..... '( u.... 4Je. fo ..... cl 6.:J
    cl'ff&ve",h'.h·olll tc..&...·t"" e.a.... be p."for"",-d ,""'pl.\.t'ull:1)
    i ~ ~)p ) V:~ls

    '4' =:
    p~), - S ~),
    v.,- 'Ts
    qJ= \.\0).1-

    ~: "'-is
    ~~ "'(s/ ~) - $ ~ ) I>

    1\-1.. q
    'PeoB LEtvt I I. 3 1

    c:.p= - , I~,
    \J:i~ lp

    -F , t-Jt) : 1:>.""1 ve 't'""c o.bove ~'"Pt....t3"O",

    AUAL'r'SIS: S,""c~ , . o.... cl ~ ""to


    t'e" ..",de.d. cu '·t\(hf~t1d....1;, +ke ~IlOlN""',
    ,fv",c. ..... 01'\$ C~I-\. ,,~ cO"1.,>c·de,tfi: CA,(TJ p) I k{7iP)J J (7./ p) ,ett. As C p ': a tI"~T )1'1
    for- "'' -e dIH~V'e",h·.. l Dr
    kt'TI1'1)

    dk& ~~),dT1"~)Te,
    ':. ~p eli "" ~ ' \ c!p Cl)
    A ISo, ~,._.~ +"'Co ci.. f.le telll+U.\ 0 f- S ("'f, p)

    S""bS,","'-Wk., e:,<i.(I) ""\,0 (l.) ,·...to €., 1101' : ci", = icl.S ~V 4..p

    G-p cl\-t ~)TclpJ~ i L(~)pd\ + ~p)T'fl-t v¥


    CU\lH h'~~ ~h'_j

    [cp - T~)p] 4l::

    [ e" - \" ~)p J d T:: 0 -9


    or
    e.p ~ I ~ lp
    Ne¥.c } it\ ~~ cWC~ t: 't. /1·1 I " - ~ '= ~~/Oi)p

    -~)~ ~ ~1)p c+)

    F\"-AI''1J co"",IoI'''''''''~ e:,s· (!) A ... d (4)

    ~f' ~ - "\ &:;2.Jp

    11-30
    K /-..)0 (.V N ~ P- v - T c:l ~ +A. -F:>.- oS A tv I"6-H. do."", VI....(;>l.~ o-: o-r -e fA V a j' (A Ia1A..
    Rv-~ T#-b(~ A -13E,

    Pe-k('~l1e A...t '20 0 J=. hf"3) ~f~J sf} ) 0."1.& COkApMe (.;vI'#--

    ~~l< \/cdu..es.

    A~IlL.'(s,r: IY-o_ T-..ble..A-I'3 /\f d= 5S2.q~81nA/I") U-ta-- 500."'.a-#../I~)


    ~f, ~ 1·1 S2a g.....; /1:" ore. ' .
    T'- V(l\\.\~ 0+ hf~ u'" ~
    de+-eYV\.A.A'I\-ec:l fro"", SA~r'A..-k.l p-v-T cl",~c..-
    l.ASit\j~ Cl""'r~r~ A1Vo.h""'-l G."I/.4t>: h,f'l=TVfCl(tf). (,)
    r tI dT CAt
    A 1 r '1 W u-t IMt'..f'1....CId c...~ ~ ~d +to olo-to--i", ~~/dT)SA."\1 o.J fotlCll.Ut:
    '0 -

    40

    30 I_ _--'-_ _L . . . - _ - - ' - _ - - - - l ' - - _ . . . . . ! . . . - ~

    /0

    1=' ""15''''''''"",",,,,5' v'cdl.le'J' l"1 tv e-"Qt (L)

    kc '= (4-7 r,G7°(t) (':1-' 17r£.3 )(/51//


    Ib I (&f)
    c~:ftt, ~
    5'+'.'1
    'T
    Q
    171-",1'1- FJ·lh'f /8;"'" I

    ~'f(", 7 6~{ Ib z:
    . 4-7~." 7 tJrL

    E_c~ -0 +t-e~-e ,'~ 0..1:>0"'* I % ~~S ;-t- ..... rt-. Coy". C!'S'('"C""'-~'~, ~ \I~ •
    T"- "0. ~ S C) ~. t"\,S ~k~ "7 v' o.r L..: ~
    10 +....c' '" ~ cl -p r--o "c...t- 0....-..... ... "', H"'- t'

    to +"- ()..cc:t.t-t CLt'1 -i> +t- slope J OP/dT; Sc.t- d.c. ~~ tNlO 1 ro.,.L...c' Yo t k, 4S o'oov<.... I

    Al~... "'Ahv <!.I«..t) 0."" 7 7 <;-ulvf,W\ 'a'lte-e +~ "f El'a_ple /I.y. c:..~"" v<:
    e'''''''-P 101 e cJ :
    PROt3tEM II. 32 (~fd.)

    ITCode
    T =20 /I of
    dT = 0.01
    T1 = T - dT
    T2 = T+ dT

    p2 = Psat_T("Ammonia". T2)
    p1 = Psat_T("Ammonia". T1)
    dpdT_sat = «p2 - p1) 1 (T2 - T1)) * 144
    P = Psat_T("Ammonia". T)
    =
    vg vsaCPx("Ammonia". P, 1)
    =
    vf vsat_Px("Ammonia". p, 0)

    hfg =«T + 459.67) * (vg - vf) * dpdT_sat) 1778.17


    sg = ssaCPx("Ammonia", P. 1)
    sf =ssat_Px("Ammonia". p, 0)
    sfg = hfg 1 (T + 459.67)
    ufg =hfg - P * (vg - vf) * 144/778.67

    IT Results
    (op/oT)
    sa
    I = 152.5 Ibf/ft2.oR
    =
    hf9 552.6 Btu/lb
    Stg = 1.152 Btu/lb·oR
    Ufg =
    500.2 Btu/lb

    11-32
    PJ?OGt-E,vc II. 33

    /.<:Noun) ~ p-v-T ~~ +Or wev4-e-r "-V'e. t:c.vA·dc.ef.,Ie fro""," -twL S-KAw ~bles.
    ~: ~.efev-W\ft~""e. ~
    WI~ ~~I~ Vo.lMes.
    50°('..) Cc.) ~,-"'.( J CIo) t.\~ -""f ) ~ (c:.) s, - S:,f ,4l'1..d... (O\'\&patYe.

    MJM.'l~~ Title. "tA-l...Ae of (\.-.,-~ \ CfMA \..Je. ee,.(GtA\AJ\d tL.S1~j 5~~4-t~""", ~ ~


    tt.le Clo..p~"oh e1lJ.A-~) €1 LI.4\O
    "', - "'.r- ~ l V'~ - V'f )(~)Sc.t
    (I)
    T

    ~o ob~~'\ ~ volve. ·fer (J..pJtAT)<;.~ , 'Pt"'-Ef4lte ~ plot d,.i)~ ~C2.low Lts''-'J d..~
    frOM ToJb\e A-2 .
    •2.5

    .2.0

    P .IS
    (Ioar)

    .J 0 0.00(,04 ~
    J<,.

    .DS 1
    ~-+---+---+-- ...............----+- , -+-
    3S 4D 4S So 55 ~o 's
    T(OC)
    :rll\ser~~~ vt4Lve.s iV\~ ~.(r\

    ~~-"'r = (So+'2.-r:S.15)K(I'2.o32.-1.0r2.lX(o-~) ~)(O.OObOf~)r toStJl\\Il~


    J .,. ~ te. t ~~j
    I 'k:1"_1
    to3 JJ.~
    : 234B k1/~
    W'l~ 9-'\. u. '38
    ~5 -~.t.
    S -'
    5 >f
    -::.
    ---=r- -- 2~4g 32,3,1$
    -
    -
    ,2(,"
    •
    \c.'J"/~",·K
    --.J
    f~~ I L.Ls, \ ~j U. -::: ~ - p'\J'"
    l.\~ - ~ =. (l,l~ -"'~ ) - P hr~ -\If)
    :. ('2. '3 48 rr) _('0.\ 2:~> 66<)( t2.032 _ 1.\)"2.1 >ttD- 'J) ~1 \10 5 tJ/M~Ill I:.'J" I
    ~ ~ ll..(.\N'" ~
    :. a\'1'\.4 k.~ I ~
    1\..te. t"espe.ctwe. -kbk y~lu~~ cvre ~-~ -='238z.'1 lc.'J/t.., 1 ss-s+ ~ 7. 312,5 lc31~'I<)
    "-I.C.J lA.1-U.~ -:. '2. Z ~ 4. 2. "-=fI ~. The.. peY'cev\.t ct..«exewe. k>-e-+w~ caluJ.tJ--eJ. ~ ~le.
    ",,~v..es IS oJo~ I.s ~o.lA1\AA.\.i.t\t-je.s.
    %

    AV\ ~\-\~Y\&\.+\lve solu.~ lU\1;)1 IT +o(lo~~ ~

    11-'33
    IT Code
    =
    T 50 1/ °C
    dT'= 0.001
    T1 = T - dT
    T2 =T+ dT

    p1 = Psat_TC'WaterISteam", T1)
    p2 = Psat_TC'WaterISteam", T2)
    dpdT_sat = «p2 - p1) I (T2 - T1» II bar/K
    p = Psat_T("WaterISteam", n
    vg = vsaCPx('WaterISteam", p, 1)
    vf = vsat_Px('WaterISteam", p, 0)

    hfg = (T + 273.15) * (vg - vf) * dpdT_sat * 100


    sg = ssaCPx("WaterISteam", p, 1)
    sf = ssaCPx('WaterISteam", p, 0)
    sfg = sg - sf
    ufg = hfg - P * (vg - vf) * 100

    IT Results
    (op/OT)sat = 0.006127 bar
    hf9 = 2382 kJ/kg
    Stg = 7.372 kJ/kg·K
    Ufg = 2234 kJ/kg

    (1-3t.[
    ASSUMPTIONS: (I) T"'e. rcd~o ~~/V.f' does:- !l\Dt' CI-... Il3e c'S"" i1j ~ r"ut..
    tC .... p~ A""t~ o~et" ..,."' .. i",f."",.\ fro_ Itl'f'to ?.ooF. ('2.) C41\ Itc t~"o.~d f~ l iI·~ t.- '4
    v, J "" cl v~ u...... b~ ."""t~ tecl .. VC'I"'S .,.... a .. ·d c.d 'OU ....ode(.

    Ir,.,A.L.Y'S/S: T,..IlIc.. A-toE ...-t '2.0·': ""~.J f.ret:- 33. 1371bfli,,~

    Mc"""" 1 ~ Ass~.-·"" "'.fe/Via is, c.e ....s+.. ,,1:, C'.I1.~ :1"".5 VpOI'l ".,~~,... ~•• ""

    \U • .fok d,.{... fv-".... tA.blc A-loe ..t" looF

    (.6"').s41": [
    B8.53 rJ"'-/(b
    (/.72.$'1- o.o''2.)~r/lb
    JI f778ftl/af I" '~ ~
    .18t- . . \4+,"1. ,
    I
    :: S-i7t l'of/,·",'&.

    f'fok(:U)0r) ~ 2-'-. ~S'I + ~.. i'78 =J2. ';)2.' 110 f I,' " 1.. ~a------_
    ....

    I"t.-.:..s: v~ v.) o..loovl" I· S cP/'o ~S's ~ ~ ~ vo..-t.-o .

    Me......U .. : w,~ o..uv-fholll 2, e "I' "·"'0 e ....... "'~ Co ... v." k tI fa:, t " - C.(Q.u-..,..... -
    C\o-'c.,.. c.. ... , ..... n-; e."".+l... I ...-L...ec.... "'I,..... j""~',.Aftth-.. 5 j ;-e r

    ~ ~=
    Fi
    -~
    ~
    [.1.Tl. - J.1, J

    J- P-. _ _ ( 88.n~AIt) [ ..L- - ...L.


    f. - ( l ,q 1i<.. <?\-U- \ 486 "'70
    leo) Of{
    \ W PI z, lb.°R.' J

    ~ ';; ::. 1.2.7 -~ Pa.: 33.'~ llo.f-!,·",a.. ~:i--


    ... _

    -rlM l i" .. lQo.....t' 010


    ;2.. o-loove. +"'e to..'- Ie v~~~

    ~1>1s-e.U~s7~.-E.,,~ -tko"",~ ~e. f-S$(,.\Mr,+tO.-..s are on~ SMlS-tlat ~r>~o>,i."...c&~ l


    SoJ-is-fu..to'lj resu.lis o..fe. Ob-\CLU"ul \A)'\,\~ b:>-\1A. \\Ae.~d.s. 'E:ue(,l~ ~'{ee~ac.d: wiA.:
    m \-tA~\L \I~Lue. is o.cLtiGvd lAJi~ tke .r;,lAa.o\'t;\~ IT 6fpfo~e'" b6.S~ ot\ \W~YP."·tkj
    ~. ll.4\O Wl~.u* M~k\'",~ ~ tl~~e CL.ssu~·hblAs ~
    IT Code /I Clapeyron Eq. 11.40
    dpdT_sat = «hg - hf) 1 «vg - vf) * (T + 459.67))) * (778.17 1144)
    =
    hg hsat_Px("R134A", p, 1) psat = Integral(dpdT_sat,T) + 26.651
    hf = hsat_PxC'R134A", p, 0)
    vf= vsaCPx("R134A", p, 0) IT Result (Sweep T from 10 to 20°F in steps of 0.1.)
    vg = vsaCPxC'R134A", p, 1)
    P = PsaCT("R134A", T) Psat(20°F) = 33.14 Ibf/in.2
    k:'~OI.UN: "'-f." '4d- I""'" Phot -.('" '2.'-°C Qrt.. ~"'-Ow'" f\.--.....~ a..~W\o_·"" +- lofer.
    rliJi)~ E'~p._.j.( PE ...t"....,. ?OOC, C"Q _ _ e .... t 0 .... -tr-.... A.CCC4r4lcy O~'J '?sn'!4o<4:lk,

    AnU~P1'loNr: (,1) T~ r"'n'(;) hf}l\lf, d. • ..r -1'- c.t.-.t'\.'C S"11'~iC4"''f~ ...... +&.....
    ~~C1""""ok.&~ C. 0 ......... ~ ,.... ~"..... fv-tAoo-. 'Z.4 etc.. C. '30°<:.. (1.1 ~ c.a..... ~
    j ., ....~ c:! ALP ... M'v-. t. "1J1' J o-.,t. "'1 c..-. 4f e v. Iv - t Ii v 1'1 ....~ -rt-.. ,'d.a-l S-..o ' - ~ ,

    At-'AVt"')/ S'. T~ ~'J~ ~'_ ~ '2.b 0 c,I

    B-..:t:. 10· ~ Co o't. ~ ...,. I l.T".f 1:: 0, I U 9 : ; J \.\f3-:" P'O."1 f= vII:'"

    ~ (I 1,"0.7 t:J/1C.J \ Il~·\\~a.\ 1-. (~)


    O,It.1.C\ .....'3/1C1 I .\ Ilc.~, . lo~"'I,." . '2.i f

    =. 1.z.~bW"

    ~ f,,,*('100C.)~ IO.'lG.02.+{.'2..rI'= H.fc:,ISbiM'"

    c..o ......",...,..,.""j "'I'JA .•


    -
    ~-. ~ ~.: II·b"5'"bAI"',
    1 ....... ~
    -r-w) ~ A.."oJ 0,<..% J-ow.

    ~ tt-cL ~ 1... <..u ,..f1,." tl '\S vvv.p h""" (2. ) 1 '\: b' 11.4-0 c... "" ~ Ce lI\ V Q ~
    r '#4 0::1 1;.

    .....-...---

    C.(o.~".d
    (' / A _

    - ---r ..":)r(/"'Y\., ~uo


    ti t'"'Yl' C'!' ti- <to '2. I
    .. 0
    ~
    c.e.J ...... CO'o"\ I"" -/-t , ~ f, (M. ~'~

    ~[.J...
    ~ /l..
    _~ ] _ _(II ,"0.1 w:~{r;1X .z., _ .L\K.) \1';~''''1
    It - ~ ~..... 1()3K, 2...i'i I jI:'"u
    17. 0 "t 1'5. Ie..

    ~ ~ -::: ,./1 ~ P2,.::' 11.s-bo..r-

    It Code 1/ Clapeyron Eq. 11.40


    dpdT_sat = «hg - hf) / «vg - vf) * (T + 273.15))) / 100
    hg = hsat_Px("Arnmonia", p, 1)
    psat = Integral(dpdT_sat,T) + 10.3602
    =
    hf hsaCPx('Ammonia", p, 0)
    vg = vsat_Px('Ammonia", p, 1)
    IT Result (Sweep T from 26 to 30 in steps of 0.1.)
    vf = vsaCPx("Ammonia", p, 0)
    p = Psat_T("Ammonia", T) Psat(30°C) = 11.69 bar
    ICNOIA.IN: Tr I pie ('0;/1\+ cla.+c.. fur c.oA+~r ~r~ ClvtJll-c·/A,.,ble fy~ ~Iole. A-~c.
    FIND: € sh·\O..",,~ 1hllt M - 40 0F o."",d ~-..pc..~ ","",1~-f'G..c..-+o...hle VAu...t.. J
    l..v~clA. t:o 0.001' Ibf I,'~ 1. f-r~ 71<.':>' e A -" E ,

    ACi.Sl)MPi'ON~', (I) "T"~ y~l .. e. If. h..., is· e...t+a ...'" i",d.Jt4'"cl4",t ef le"f/#,. ... f,.,.'e ~".".
    ,,"I.. ,,,"'HI/ol ~o_ -the iv,t»lc po... t. U_" ....A""ure to. -+ooJ:J it) v-.· e ..... 10< ,'1",-u,e d
    relA.f\v~ it) V, 4t'\c1 V, ~ ...... boe .1I'... Iu ...".d US,'"" t".
    ,'Ohl ''''$ .... I. IH'.
    A""ALI(Sl~: Wi"", -\"e ASS"-ph'o,,",s I,tkd, e'j,II,4\ e, ....... Io~ co",ver.f.d ~ ., .. vt.

    ~ ( .l.. -:!h. ]
    JIt- T,

    ~ .&.:: O,t)'2.I2.2-
    'PI
    ~ (>2..: 0,00 J 88 ~b+/iil~

    1),Se.uSlO\W\', T~ c...' .."t..,J" .. cl v~ o..~ ~ l..u;~~ ~


    V().\ll e , T~s \..Q c..", ~ /'.II a:..~ Dv.;t ~ J fvv- kr G' ~~ ... to
    T ~ A· ~e de.~ +t.-. ~ ~ .. ru"""P h' fMoQ 0-"-'- c.e....~ o...~ ~ "G>
    ~ ~s C4~-e,

    lF31
    'PR08LEM 11·37
    l<NOI.AJI'(: FU.". "U... te V"" Ai 0 0c.
    ",i =
    I· otlfl' XfO- 3 1M !/",
    Vf ~ I· coo '2. Xf03 1M11~,
    ~f; 33J.4 ~~ l~.."

    F I "-'b : E s t\-.o. ~ -t-""'- V\-\.( l-H V\j -\-e ""'1''c.t", \-c.I.....~ Of rc e J l A) Z.SO ~Afj (b) ..1)00 IIA~.

    SCHeM~"'tIC ~ (; IV'fHJ bl\'TA:

    ,.p.

    A Uu,"" ~116NS:

    .dp=(~) 1M..2-
    \-:v.., Ti

    0("
    , [~.~~~~/~?~ ii ]1'"';: II ~~ I L. f,
    ~h =-~".Ifc77. 7iM~) J-.:5-
    r 7j
    A+ OC>c.~ 4"e. p ...ear...te t't l'\e~I'51"'t" I'e.llI.h·ve to P2: .oI'ZPa,.
    (A) Pa. ':. 2. S1' bAr
    c-.)
    PR05LE fvl 11.3&
    kIVOl.VN ~ BjSIlVlut~ CA"'<:::!.. leCl.d a..re. +klL suhs-f-z,.i/lu'J u,"der co'1s/devah'o/.1,
    F/IVD CoVl~t'VV\ +l.1... . + -tl--t~ (lYle.. reprereYlnV\j -tl--t< -1-'-<.><, -p"'-CAJ'e- s"I,d -1/ 7 u ,' d
    rejloVl 0", -ik.o. p/.tt<re cL'CA'jV'';lM dtJpe.r -IoilA..;.. {<fe f,:,r b''rl'-1utlA.
    CAV\d -h> -tt-v, ('(jHt ~V' letLd.
    ScHfMAt(C i; (O((/~N bAT"!:

    / Le"J

    c.p
    p

    tp

    T
    AI0AL'fS1S. T\.-\e... \::ej e.¥rV~':ilov. ,.!; E~1/.41

    hII - 1/
    VI

    T( V'~ 1/' )

    wiAe v"'- / d <2 v~ ~"J' '.>-D I" d a'" d .,


    f........... !?/O f'e- is. de ~r "'--' '" -e <I h 7
    Ti-uL c ec: l{",.,d bO~f<' "'f Chei-''''''''s lv,
    "",d P~ s «q· 37 1'1. Ed) (45)'3''- 1'1 ",-eo)
    ft>r Rle(~c:I
    7 I v-e r
    c f i ........ c~V\je. .....: Vo(v,,,,-€. d'-l~ +v fv~,'OVl su",-;;f-ec ..,ce'S./

    p. '2-i~ g, hr -t~ S'.;ios-r...V\(eJ uV\<L,.,..- CDVl~·I~<·.h·CVf

    B,s ufh: ,'", V"(v,,'1 e z: -0,0034 o'}!J


    l-e d '. s: -t o. 0031- c:.....,J!J
    b.s....,v+~ a", d (.d,p/dT }s",",";>O
    PRO~LEM \I·3'l
    KNOWN: All'\, Occ .. ",·ecl ~"'Ot.""" 0f-fo-l.. , _ollCC.'tu.1"f't) 80«:, ,'J e.t r~Jt 0"'0."
    ,'c:~ t'.'tI\,l(. Th~ 'U
    ft·_pct'&~ ..r e is -2, 0C.
    ':""'-'0'. 'De. ..t,.-.· .. ~ -+ ... ~ ""',........... ,,- +0+... 1 e.rt.o.. 11.~ ·pt of -I"~ e""' ,;.
    I~CjS u.. hAve befo1'e. +t--e. ice. ill\. ( 0.. +..(+ ,;+" +"'e '~J.t c..uo ld ~/t.
    "SC'"'~M"TtC ~ ,"I~EN bAT"':

    c.,..

    -20"" T
    AS~UMP"(ONS·. ttl \..,~ ..C~ te .... 1"~r r e ,~ ... A.·.H cat. -2,°C. (7.) Tk~ (oeAI
    atce,,,,..ft'o.,
    0+ t)f"AV.·h,_iSjq.e /sl. (3) At ooC~ "'..l: 33! ..... 1C-;r/~.1 v.;= ,.o"I)(,jO·~r<l3/"-J)
    'iof ': (. 0002.100 Y'I I~) ~"'T ...." ".·f
    rt .....'" C:o",,r,hu, t ....·tt. +c ... ~ r .. I>-"'c.
    At-)Al.'r"'SIS,·. As S","o,""" be;,-tltf' plou.Je ~·AS'."')""Clh·"j OtA", +-"ltc pl((~lft"'e
    p'eUIM~ c...>t-et'~~ 0., i-k(' ,'ce (.... t _,ec.") wo lcI e/C,tf'ed PfAt (-z.oe).
    The. prec£'\l.1« tr..tt-l.oc) c....... toe eJn·...... i.J III.'"') E"j.1/.4I J to , d 10' ..... c...tiL,,-t1...e
    O'.. \v.... ~h·o...
    't"'''+ "'..·of ..... v...·of t~""A"" ~o"'ff., .. t ~,.+'" k ...... -e,."' ..... re J fo'" t"1e ... floe..
    .&1"'''' h'o,,", b~~.f 01'1. il4.~' r» It.."

    ~7/.1r- .= '2..("ct.~ loA-r:


    un-is:

    "\"'«- " c.u ..... e, Q~.dt cl 0" -ike.. rce, "~+~e c.-"'«'·"'/~tXv p ~lft a",ct tll\..c..
    Ah...·.... ~r"e'of ,'~

    11-4D
    kNOWN: Out" d. c.e.........· .. te"'pel'¥l~,u'e ;"hrl/.' +~ SA."r« "·O'"' ''''~IS~''t. -~c_l"~rc,...... e.
    C-tA.w- "e of 0. ,,,It c+""C~ is re pr*J~" ffll b~

    ...... P:. t .. A - 'Sfr


    w"c t"c A c... c1. 'B Are. t.oO\t'k ... *.
    F/IUO~ CA) O~+a.· .e.... C'I'f'U,·o .. S -Po... "-fs CIl.... r~, i", -k....... l1 p-v-T d ................ d 13.
    ~) lUo.' ~ {1..... fCl....u \ (.A)/ clc."- ......_ "t~ __ Sf-
    ~ e.e-.p .... ~ c...;~ s~"" -f"...b{~ ~"'+G\. ;-
    SCH€MA"'ttC T C.\,,~'" "DATA:
    I
    .

    T
    At.J~,-"nl.S : (o,)'lI\e. C.lo.p.::tro,,", Q'1 u. -h'1l'1 ~"'~e'.r ;"'~ -Ie".....
    (~)~.t:: :tl, (I)

    "To obt--.'", (d.P/rtrJsc.t. I eLl ffe.,e..,"~:f'~ -f&1.e. ~ I ve", e~ iJ'~SS'.'" 40.... Ih "'sed;

    ~ (A.. 'SA t ) ';'. ......!.


    d~ T~

    1. c\'rat B
    ~t TT ::. "72-
    or

    ee.... .,.........~ ~1S' (I) ... tl l'to)

    ~ f~:' P,.t.li ) v.fj IT) B (~)


    T
    ''''It '" , w.· t'"- 'Eo,. ". ~ 8; S fa:. kfJ IT

    Sf~ =: Pc..... (-r) Vu (T) B


    "T~

    (0)

    -r lo\...t. ... I .....' -\'1-.. e 1>' (~)) 6 t-ro.... e: ~. o· )) 0. .... d p,u,~ ) vf;. for""" T,..(,..R..c .It -1. ~ 2 S' u(.

    V\f1= ~,C>31er.'! ~lof'~~)(+1.1S-Ci : ; ) ( S'2.~~.('2.~) f~ I:: .21flf.'2.1f ~ (twle VAII4A:


    2.e;B.l~-K I.JN·1A4 '2~~?.1 IQ/~, )

    I.

    11-41
    IC.NOUHJ " OQ.t.o.. fl>V' w ..."er ~o 'Able. A·'1. is 0.. "o.;l",bl~ for I.A.S(',
    F ,""'I> " 't:>t.\e" ......"'e -tklt Co"'s s A tII.",cl a oft, ,"'If:
    +~~ ~~lt fit I .......
    leQ.st-s'UCl'~t Se""e. ,~"e ,·.. h"",,' fro ..... ~OO +0 io°<:: b~ t"'~ ~,".. h'.",
    lV\ PI4lt.= A-'S/T. U£'''S tl.·\.I·s ~'iIJ ... n'o.., de.~e"''''',"e ~P.u,tldT ",,"t 2.sq::.
    C/A.lcu(,,1t "'f, . . t l.~oC ,,-,cl C.OW-'CA'~ W.+k""" tkc..-+o.ble. tlA/I.(~.
    AN AL.YS IS :
    ~".... So

    )N. PSAt: -l.qttI7Z€ - 3S.7"7"3


    Or T

    ~s. ts s-q ') - S2.~q. b't ~s:..t : Po.) T: k. ) (1)


    T
    U.s,....~ e:.... uJ I

    fSQ,t = tIC" ( ;all-.1'3S'Q3

    \,) $'11\' e,. II· ~o .."', v-f~ rroo- "'"b/t> A-1.. A..1 'l.,j0c.

    hf': \' v-f' ~ )$41'


    ':. ~~cr.lrt.)( 43%0- "oo2.Ql(
    10 3 )
    "",1)( 188.~8
    ~ I<
    1J/1f41.) ( ~3
    lo)N·...
    I
    = 2.4+1.7'F-J//e~
    T#-frJ(c A-1. ~i""s ... tl~C.) 2441..3 ,..:J/fCj. Acco,.<L.·...J/~ +,,~ c ... tc.v(Af("clA"d
    +e..bte.. "0. h .... t 0 r- ~tCj ""5 r e e, e)( fore..... ':;, u...u,.t.

    1/- 42.
    1/·4L.-
    The. s,.,fv",&<h'OVl presrure - ~"""-peY''''-+''de.. <:.<.\.V""ve.. f.>r- -I-<-vv-)Ok.AJ.e... I,',?vs'd- v7 0r
    sk~.1' /( repres~vl ie d '7
    1M P$"lt =: A - BIT wkt.I"e AI (J ... r~ ceu'/sfc,,,,1-S,

    F (tV'\) • S~u,; +1-<.. .....-\ CA.V'y +/t,ree- fO"".-r·,r 0'" -the. C'L<.ve.. o.r e, re.(~f~d h,y

    .~ \ Ps... -t I '2.] 'l; T~ [T3·-Tt]


    LPs.. t/! T1 [T,-7;]

    A-~
    T

    .~ A::: Lv- (Psd}!) .t- ~


    l'l (PsatJ 1 ) -= A ~ "1i
    Ii
    a ~ In (P•...:t,2.) -=. 1M <..Ps..:l) I ) ~
    1.... ( PsM', 1.) = A
    T2-
    ~ ~fPsci,'2. \ =
    lP.r4JI J
    Sl+ I
    -=k]

    (" (' PSA t, ?) :: A - "7j


    IS
    ~ k( PSp,;l I 3 ) : o
    Psd),
    l3[t -=AJ
    c..e,~ ... """"' ""d I
    -L l. 1'1 - !.J..
    ( I's...tJ 2. )
    It
    I" Ii. T, Tz. 13 T2. -'T; .1.
    R.,;/) I
    -=
    .1.
    :::. :=
    -' = 7:
    I", (~)
    .L T3 - Tf T.". "T3 - T,
    fsJ)/

    E_T,
    " T? Ij TJ

    '11-
    -I,.

    [
    PS~j 2.] '1>
    R..:tjl

    11- 43
    PROBLEM /1.43

    KNOl.VI'J: The res-uti-,;;f Preote-« 11.4'2... Ii ""pplt'u>.hle.


    t=/tvD t)~I'V\:1 s"+vv,,,hoVl P'-('~.·u,e. t-e""'peY'''l-u.v€.. <:Lafa.. (yov",\ ''''-.Ioh:.- A-2...
    Colt) ~1I,,(Vtde ~At ~ 30°C. and C-e;>""p(4(e wlft..,.-t''''''-. +.. I.1 ... f.,.1ed VAlue.
    (I:» €v"lv"k ~....:i o-t- 0.D06 jL{p"", ", .. q Co ...... pAve ,.•,,+r-.. -1~ -f-A.t..",/"ied v4lue.

    ;[~_IIJ
    3 I, -7,

    'PS'4tJj -e, o 0 L. 3'3"1 h""r


    r~A.i I 3, e- O.07·~64 /oAr

    7:=

    _1_ L /0.07331' )
    j.'}36/ l o, o2..:n.,

    Ps.J 1 '2. -=- I. 8/08 -=) P,...t,1.. :: D. o 4'2..~J bAy -<l


    R.JJ I

    ('"...:t,l. ::: 0 04"2.. +fu hlA.f. Ac~ cL· .... .s''1 ~ pe yce., 4 J • f-Ai/~ '" c.e L/)

    ~. o4<"~)- - 0.04-20,,"" )(100/::' - 0.20


    0.04 z.4-fo

    (b) T\ ~ '2.. 0° C I p'}..::. 0.0010 {VI p....... } ~ -= 4-D °C . 0.. r e. j' i ve V\

    Ac C<>;6"'\"'jl~

    f. zz-o.J3
    'L-=-

    't~T'2.. [ 20J
    SI3./l lTz.- ~'i3.I~J

    c/o ( '3 ~. 1'1 - ? (". 1 C. ") ( rVD ):.. O. 0 B


    . '1G.. I C.

    I J-4·~
    PRoBl.EM 11·44
    KNOW''': M:>u.(' e')C.,.C4<;~S c:I...JZ..L\"'1 w.·~
    slop..s o..re ~~sc,.~"'e.,
    ~O: (I.} Ur.· ... .1 s~ ...... ~ cL..-f-.)~lIo./ua.1-4 +"'c. ra.h'o of -t~~ slope ~ '1
    VDjG"'3/:l.h~ 11'~e -fptr..vrlo~~1tt..a.S'Vbl'IMAh~ I..-ve . tl?) OV1.,.T-:d..A· ... 'roo.""';
    /.lk.o...... t''''...-\- ~s/o·l,. "b~ ~tl-o"'d· rrH"CAj-t·c.. vo{v~ I, ........ ~ 1Y'~o..W~",­
    .-f1.o.- S(u~t" 1>'" cCJ..,d-II'""i- ~ £t\;\(-E" hY'oll ~Sk tw .t~"",~ S'vl'e,..N.-bc:l
    v~ S~. (e) FO r ~" \0\-, eUOliY"c..w, o~ht-tVt A"" fl¥r-.-u SU n-t f.v- -f1--
    Slo-q< 'be..
    c.e\o'\~ta ... r U-Hv..A. \,"'-' ~ \a.-1N'oO 'P-II - T 4 +-c... 6 ~. (d)
    fir (;. r: ""
    cl.\ ~~r~""",,) ()Io~"" 4",- ~r-- ~~I ~ f-- ~ Slo,,~ 0 c:a...., I·~f"""'~'·c.
    1,k..A. ~ \-&T~ 11
    p-v - T ~~-\-. ~.
    A"'4L.'(S\~: CA) t.\.S''''j +'- Clo.p-e.,r""" e,\"o..p·OY\} 6,·tl.¥-0

    dr»
    ( CR _..!. A~
    ,..10" r "'iW ,
    Aeur4.....~I:) A 1: ~"'&.

    Cd IYJT)sAJrllltl. ': l "',-'-'..: J/tV.- V04 J


    (lP/JT)r.-f J..-.p r"S . ,,~ 'J/( v, . vn

    ~p IdT)c.t] rulll (4&31.e1l(~o, 'OO-I'O,ot)


    Co..)
    (ci, Icl'T)s&t. J v~p :: 5060 1.3J /(2.0"36 - I.OOo7t)
    (b) Wi.fl... E,~. 11.4cP Q,.. c:\ lI·~T

    (~)v : ~ , @S)Tp :::t


    T .."....~t.v

    /'~"""
    T
    T
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    r..u.)
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    :t. (V.) . :re,
    <'v ~" r"

    ftT />i') ,
    T/<.v
    'I ,.
    : ~:Ic>' (b)
    CiT 1~")1' -rIc, ell'

    (c) A~cH.c:I.) '='\. lI.lq NLo..cl r


    dh ': leiS .. Vdp
    The ~"e"'o", 11\(1.),) ~I'VU

    d~ ':. ~~)/~1 + ~~): ~


    6) c.O,"", ... r'·UM
    .s
    W. ~,,): ffi),,~" (c)

    (! I. 2.7):
    ~)s ~ \"

    (~P) ~ l Ccl)
    \.';) 11\ s V

    11-45""
    K,...Oo.>JN' ~-H3 u Y\d~v9 ocs c:.... P~ClCQ~S fya..... 70 Ibf /I"t~ J 40 eop 1b 14- lbf[: Vi'll +OO~.
    rIND: Lls,,,,,~ p-v-T ~o..-+", /ll!.vo.l-."ic:. ~1.-""d """"c:l (Sl.-~I) J o....,<::i Co_jO~
    e- ; +(,.. +~b Ie VC\ I '" es:
    S C Ef~ MA 'T Ie i. <;'11/ e N 1> A T4 ;

    ANALYSIS: Sl e e, "' .... ~ .s+-'il!'.l \,nul.... eCht.r,·d.V'.dto.. 0.,.« t ... +,,~ rllp~ ~.de.. ~ v.po...
    r.~,·o .... , I-h... p ""'..e 0... ", p..~U ,~ c... " w~ S~l~c.+~(f "'-$ "I«..~ '·... chp tlco.. 1 p"'ol'«""".S
    t{,.-t -h''/C "k~ r+.d'f'. The E1f· 11.'S"<j ", ... citt·G.o "j.ve.lre$fH'CHve~
    fl

    CD toe,) Ps.) - S("tj P,):: JG2:r)p ('7jp)df


    (I)
    p,
    Pl.
    t>.('Tj Pa)- h(iJ " .) : J
    P,
    (V(TJP)- i(~) ("JjP)]dp
    p

    Co.cr~,votll\+l~ I .,.he. e, ..... o.l"sl·s rc du('~J io .. "'~


    ~"AI h·o., 0 i- ~V/~T),. .u 0. f-('f,'Ol1
    Of p~e~1'\4'l!:; ....+ 4 0 °(:= ) G."'~ -t""'" .u.b r~1 ~e..,T
    rl...ast... c:l....+..... +0 oht-A,.., t-I...t. re, '&
    r~ ...,rec:ll. .......~l:.,,..AIS'. A P"O<:.A.c:iM.t'~ u.~"Y\j
    c:J....io... oo+-'il1e do -frt> ........
    1'\\I""'er,'C4-l

    ~ s:.~t"ce ~~d. -f-. 7~A-13 i~ t'1I'jed·~~. -r~,,~ 1:> 4I,A",dAS


    ob~, ..... d c:L..')-.c.d '1 fr~ +~b(e ci~+o...~) rerpecf,vel'q
    l

    \-\1.. - L, l ~ J 4. 4(, -g~/I.h


    S"z, - Si ? c. '2..IO?> fJ~II"· oR.

    ,. s£"('~ ,,~~ l""hjl'"4b'olO\s Cll"~ Ai. n~etl.. ".""'"..... +4.1. .... ) t-"~ -fe... ""r 01
    51t. 1I.'5'Q 4>\011,'-0 J t ke rp.eeloft'C. "'eo..t'
    f"'VO\VI· ... (r drof 0","* 0" e-f ..tI~r~h'o/llJ
    "."ue.&:J'j ",I(Oc.vI·l\.~ ike ,..e1ul';~cl PI\()P~"+' <:'''-''''~$ -r.~ .. fou","o UCl''''j ott.!J
    r~v-"'c:lO\.-+"', lli\e~-c i ... k',...... t\oY\s t'~."v .. ,.O(' o.prr"r·t'l·....::t:.A s~t.uo--\...A..

    11- 4(0
    PROBLEM I L 4-b
    /<NOWN: OVlE'- 1<......." ,,+ IT. i",;hc.(/y OCC'"'pi'ej 'O.,{' ~Id<i! "f e-; cc,",+'''';'~Y' divided b'J 0-..

    pt<rh't,,,,,,. TN oft-.>.- "de I'~' e V,,('<-" ted, The.. p'''f,;h'o",- .'~ re~'-<JveJ " ...d +t-<-
    A-r ~rt<VldJ' fv f,'II -ft"e e .... i.. re: v"1,, .... €-,
    F/fVD: F/I'1d -/~ h",.J -I"""p.er,t /-r.Are .r f~ c;.rj'1.TVI Uf/hJ (I) +/,<.A. IItt" dey- w"..I s
    e1u&<'f.,'o"l ~ I:-h-+~) (<.) +-~ ,'de..-f J4.1' k<..cde/

    S'Ct-\[MATll:!' C;/V6N"Df\7A: I

    r I
    I' Arj""'"
    A""J OVl I
    I
    I

    r
    3001<..
    0. 21M3
    [C'O'""" d
    O,2.k1 3 I
    I I T~?
    0.4""1 1
    I I
    I
    I
    -

    A~SLJlVtP'T(oNr~ Sy.d-e .".., ,os .skou.o.., ....... ik.e'f-t,~""Ye (2) FV..--ft-u> l'yd"lN. 1 Q=U.,..;:0.;
    (I) Th.e
    K \ "e -h'c cHo,d po fe .. +,,:d e .H· "'5 Y e {f< c +s co.f e "h f< VI t.) "",'" J. -t ~ pt.r h'f-, 0"1 CA Vi b·e I J /A-e:J1'-ed ,
    ('!.) T~ a.r'jDvl I'J VU-o cL (<?d b1>+V~ \/,,1>'\. <.\elf' (.vaAL. <2'i v c< he", of .r{-,,-i~ o.. .... d
    -1"'-e. fA 10 "11-£..<.-e.. l d e«--t Ja r Wt () tJ e t.

    A.vALYS'I~; US""'j tl>'\.<L.' c-,,-tec( etS,SVlM.phO'1f; +ne e"leY'7Y h A /?< "'1 t e r-e Lc<?s
    Ll L.T '~O ) 0 r ~'I"'CJl. lM..A.I''' I '.rf,x e d L3u..= 0 Tn vu Ie.,,'"'j E 7 . II. 5"1
    @ @ •

    .6~:: 1(9
    cvdT + S[rl~)~-pJdV~o
    0
    '- RT _ 0-
    P - v-to v'"
    ) r(~t-yJ 1 ~
    \0 tir.e {e~t ~r te 6'1 1/.48 l' ve i

    <:.." '" '''' ~~" ~ 'L" o.l"\d Cd."; cl"'-peYld ol.ly 0'1.- T. Ac cOY'.L'''':i'1) J-~.... b<. u"",-c (v d. d -f '--1 C v ~?,!2. R)
    ,,u ~c-':'- j s ~iA.L l,"""":' hlA,9 vc.ll.l.e... k o: ~.~ltt-o""'-t' c qas AV"'. Tn s ..... f;"5 ...."" \.4 Ii ~ ; ",1'0 G'i' (()"
    <;;()(.l.-\ tt£

    A",d ('" +""jl",," h'~J


    o..rJ.
    L v-;
    _J]
    V,
    ':. 0

    _J...]
    o.~

    =-27."t~1<.. ==;'T2"'~72..t.I< ~

    f'''- (2T/v') Qp/H\v= ~Jv o:.... d [T~P/dl)V-r] ~ o . Th«l'.1

    q-47
    1'RoBLEt-1 11.47-

    lC~owN: ob~y~ of"ee1l.14h·o,,\ of SfA+e. pell-h) = RT


    F ,t..It> : +~e rcIAn·o.,sh,p ~~~~., <:'p o"d Cv fer +"',.~ $Q,J.
    A"" AL. '("$ I \ :
    Me"h~c1 a, us,,~ E'I. 11.4'7

    (~JT~ ~)v-p
    (I)
    or
    Tl\c. '~\fC'" e'lv ...-n·o,,\ of .s'+... ioL '-A"" lQ~ r cA....rA""~ c:I to r e .... cl

    p:
    a]
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    CD_"IIM· ...., 6~ ~. <.t) o-...d (1.)
    !! _ p=-O =-") u.. '= lA.tT)
    v-Ai)

    ~tT)ph IAt-r) of" PV


    'T"'~I\I \,,,tc e..,. ':-~" I~l)' o.",~ cv :.~~/n)\I' ':. dlJ./dT

    c. p ::
    u-... ") t pv»)
    ci
    dT~'
    ';.: c V... pf?J'Tv),
    \1
    (1)

    T"'~ f1 u A h' "" ot Sf·cd~ c..""", b-c <.,..p.-dHd AS

    V.... ~; ~ b ~ ~),,:: ~
    "t... se... "'·...,5 """"s ,'",ofb &"\. (1)

    CD
    Me""'.d2. Usi""1 e.,. 11.(,,8

    cfl-cv:: - -r ( ~)~ ( ~)r


    iY,,- ""011«') GV!c)T),= ~/p) 4"" V~I'II'\~ p-.:..RT/£II-b)

    ru\-r:: -(~~b)\"

    01""'

    I. tv\e~d , lrariV't7 S 00.+ +"'-..Q CO""lclv~t'o"1 +~ +~


    )
    Afro

    'Sr-e-e.c.~' c. 1~.J.oa.t /.-'\.M e ~r-a lA. ) c e,», o '" 11 V 0.. V'':) UJ • -n-; te lV-f>eI''' tt.v -e,
    TlA.M~7 C V ((1,.~d c p ) cOo-V\. 0111.1, "o..r'l (A,ll-rk.. ~ ~t-u.-ul. o-o w.u......t.

    tl-q.~
    'Pre.o BLE M 1/· +8
    .,."'~ p- v- T r« lCilh·o., fc.... A (',,"+41..'01. ,tfU "1

    v~.!..T ... 8-A


    p tT
    w~ere A J:LI<cl 8 fJo,'~ c.o",s~" t~ .
    010 b,·., -..c p... ~J,lI'o "'s teV" ~ ( I'zl T) - k (PI) T)1 i LIA.(P.., T,) -'" (P, J'" >J ) o.f\et

    ~ ( P"J T) - S ( P,.) T) ] .

    A~AL'rrIS: As T ......d P o.t'e tl«\e '·...tlf"f"tltll\1. ~ ... ept"tt·4'S i&.....1 /1 ... .,.~~ Jt .. ~e. Af\d
    0-.", f'Il uAi\'O,,\ Df t+-.i(' 'f:.~~II·CI't.;'" " I'S t."'o"" .. I E,r. II· SO'! ~",<il/.~!l ."c,
    COr\Vf",.c'f'f\'t. ~ vte. ~e,..~. SAC."'- of. fl.\f'J4!: ~1CJI"'(lS ~"/~T),. -rk.c.cll w""',,
    +L..t ~"'\lP'" .(''t uA-h'O'" f) f s+-.~

    G~p: t~ fi:~
    re()o.c!S

    CD -S(P,)T) = _ [Z. ~V) dp


    ,., z. -
    f't..[f. + A Jdp
    P, T , f. P 'It.T~

    ...
    $,,,,,,,:I."/j I Eq' 1f.(.O ~ .ves

    ~ (P'I·t> - Ii\ (p,) T).: )


    '",tv.. T (~), ) cIp
    1',
    PI.
    =J l (!J -t a - :,) - T ( ~ .. :T l)J dp
    "1\.
    ~ fp, ~ - olf:r) dp : [6 - ~ JtP~ -A] .......r-------.:::

    T~ I "';~I... ~':.""-tp...r

    h(P-' T) -"'(P" T)
    J
    = ((l(Pa.J T) - ",,(P./£, >J -T l p.. ,,(pt J T) - P, V(PIj i»)

    l~-2~1(pil-P.) ~ ( ... (Pa,\)-~<'PIJT)1 + V'L[ ~ 1- 13 - :r]- ttl ~f~"t"8 - ~T]


    QI-~)(rl-") = C""tPa/T)_l4.(f'./T)J -+ (P~-P,)(B-:TJ

    U<'f..)T)-~(P'J7) -= (P~-p,)[ ~-~~) -~-~7)]


    - ~ (p~ -p, ) A!!A!!S!--------
    ~i

    t· 'S,"t~ "'&'e i"i~, -n'o"'s 6.r4i: at. f,'/lcC~ "'e\N..pe~4""'''.J toke ·hv....s 0';
    &jS. II. 5~ Q...,d ll·,-O '·... .,ol" '~' dl'Op ou.-t of cOl1/,cI(".,.-/I·oll J t"'~l"e "Uow''''J /J'j
    +~e. ('e.'III,~d p,.o,~... i.,
    L ""1 -es ~ b~ .vo.lvA{tJ .'", i t ....... s of T,)7'JPIJA"clPa •
    kNfHWN \ T"'- e1 .... -h·C>>\~ "i S+---tc 4,,.c. .ft..,. v.,... ur C»A41~ ~1(Ht b:».... c.."""c:l +t...A.. R't.cLl,'c.'-t-
    Ke- 6"", c."i c.e:t fl 0'" .
    FIN;)', ~r ecac." e'1~Afa'<Jlo'\ of n-""'·I dc4eI"""""'·",c:. t.~evt./7)-"'(""t,T)]) ["'(II~/·t)~
    u.(II,,1)J I c.. ~(""IT) -OS(V'JTU_

    Ar-.JA-L"H\~~
    ~""d
    ".'S"/ J
    -4e -f~ r,... ~r~
    wk.~ ~<!.A
    S,~.yk.J 4u-ho\,\s
    I'S. ft. ~ed
    "t... ~Olll
    , vf-,;;
    1 s+--=t.
    u.r- v.el'l........ "'- t
    D->-l..
    t:e. l..l..M. e,
    ~pl"~t ~ ,.......,sru.,,~,
    ~. JI . $1) Al4eL

    v.".
    <A(V~)T)_tA.(VIJT)': J"I [T~) -pJdv
    ~T V
    tl)

    ~t'4'1.J T) - &('1,,),.) ':. SV.. (


    VI
    ~) dv
    ~T V ("2)

    Al~") .A~ c.-. h..e {uv... J \A s\' ""'1 E4, 1I." (:


    h,,~h\ ~ (1..t~_I.A,) ~ t Pl. '12. - P, v.) (~)

    (a) Va.. d.~ WClA.I.t. Tkos ~,~ .. fa·Q"" is e .... p' ..c.·t.. i .. pr~nu,e. So ~p/'aT)r= 'R/(V,o). 6,.(1)
    +'-t... lo~ _ ....1

    ,-,ev"s on - tA(".,1 ) = J
    Vl.

    'It
    u:- p ) .Iv ::
    v...

    Jr.{/:!
    I V-Io
    If.
    _( J!J'
    \'-w
    - ~ )) dv
    v..

    '!:_Q,. (..I.v.. _...1)


    yo,

    ~("., T) _ "~VI,T) ::

    A ISO.l e,. Ct.} b~ c:.Cll.....J


    Va.

    SCv~b )clv __- - - - - - - - At'


    v,

    0,) 12ecLl..eh-k: .... n,s • TI'I....J e..,.."tf\·o .... ;~ e'tt'p,.'dt ,'.. f"~3SU~e..So)r:aP/iJT),=:;
    .B.. + a. J/' 6,.(1) 1""'~ .... D~Lo ..... J
    V'b 2. \,eV+b) T 1. V~

    II.(Vt)T)-""t'l.,T): )~ "'i: 2V~"b,)T'11.) - (;::;.- ve::")"f"0) c!..,


    v,
    '1&
    :.3( 0... cl." =
    ~JY, V(V+ll) "T 'h

    A/J(1) €,. (1) b<c:.e..... J

    ~)
    st,,, - "'", I ~ I~~ . ~~.'" 7'" )J'

    4,S
    :::
    PROBLEfvt 1/, ~
    I< ""QwN: At <:«"'iA'" s+..'teJ +"'~ p_ v _ T Q.. i-_ 0+ ... ,~S c...", 1cI~ c:leofCr" "'eod
    Q.S
    Z= I ~
    T+
    Wke\"C!. A i~ Q. e o"'s i A'" 1:. .
    F I t..Ib: 0 b +c:-. ,'", Q.", e. 'lC p ..~$J "0'" fa,. (A.) ~PI ~T ).. i", 'h........, 0 l PJ 7j ~ ..... 4 R1
    t.) "'' e.. ,\uA~h·-l., [S(P~)T)-S(P.,T)]tQI'\d.(c)[l-t{P&Jr)-~(p'J7)J.
    ANAL..'t'S' S : cs. \'" c e, Z ~ p'f" T J ... .,C, e.1l.1AfI'o", e e, "" b c ~" "'fe'S Sf''' <l.r

    ~
    ft,.
    ~ \ _ Ap
    T4 -,
    ~ v~ R.i _ U
    P T"
    be. Solved 'ft:o.,.. P +~e", d.f-/t,tkft'tl".d..
    Ob~I'''' (o~I'~,)" ,01'(.1)
    CA."" Q."'cl
    (Ao) \0

    ~T
    p=
    V -+- A~T3
    R[!!- ~] .. 4Aft1.
    P TI 71

    (v+ ~)2. (RT/p) ~


    ·u

    ...... ---,- (A)

    (b) lJ~i"'~ 6" (I.S' PI.


    s(Pa., T) - s (P./'T ) : ~ -j (1 -i- 3~ J~
    r
    :l. _ ~.t.- flo "to taB: (Pt -p, J .-4----- u,)
    i\ T'"

    (c) LlS''''j e:b·II."~ fLo


    "'(PI,"T) - h(P,}"T):' ~P, \. \1- T~)p7d p
    fi-u--. (a..)

    ll:r)f ~
    c)'T
    .E
    P
    .f. 1~
    T'"
    ., -r ~),. ~

    f~
    So
    h(P'JT)- h(P.)T) ~ J.,. C4-~~)clp ~ tM-
    T3
    ~§--
    (p,,_p,) ..... (C)
    'P«.ot3LEM U.S,
    t::~o"'N: T"'-a. p"" - T b.-. ~In'or 0 f. ...... 54 r is t::IRrc.r. b4'J h ~
    Z-:. 1+ B(T)P
    RT
    F I~ 0', obfL.·"" ~p-·•.us" ont -for (4) C. IIt'Pa" T) - "'CPt / T)) J (b J (~(fL, T) - U( P.} T)]
    (c.) (S(T'~''T) - S(P."i)] ..

    'BeT) P
    itT

    IJ ~ E + '8 (T)
    f
    As T Q."d ~ al'e "'k~ ,·. .
    d~p~>1d~lIl-l p'f',~r'h'~J tk4+ .;,'( +""~ s+.fe.
    ~'" c1 ~'" (1,\ va-ho"'\ 't £:+... +fO evp',eit. "'" II' '-$ Ie"'o"""'", f.1 s. H·s4 Q.r.d
    11·"0 A.l"~ C.OI'\.Vti\,·.,,-t 1-0 ut~ h~ ... C!. €4C"," (Jf -f""f'!t: r~1/'n"U ~.vnT)/l'
    T","uJ , ~ ...... E".( tJ
    hv"'\ fl.. + clB
    \..')T Jp'::. P «t

    +N2.",- ~.~

    ~(Pl/T)- s:(p,,7): -1'p,2 ~7)dp=-


    lo

    (f [ 80 + d.! Jc:lp
    P J" to d7

    'a - R. J.,... .&PI - ~


    «r
    ( P1 "P, J ... ..os

    ......------A~
    TI-..QI'\
    t1k -:: ..cu~ ~(P\3"') -.:. L)'-'-+-(Pa,\S"'(p.,,)- P,V(P"t>]

    ~ .r&.u -+ pz. [ sr ~ B J - P
    p~
    L [ !1
    1",
    ~ B J
    = ~"" 4-8(p-a.- P,)
    ~) ~u ~ el B] (Pi. -R)
    e -1' d=T - a <flo -p, I) ~
    ~ ~ "'"
    . . . ,. -= - T c!!
    dT
    (Pl.-P,) ....
    [

    --------- A 10..

    II-52
    PRO~LE 1-1 II. S2

    "Z::. I -+ ~) -t" c (T)


    v 7'i
    Fff,JO: Ob1? .... ~"'" ~'lC pl'f".U'OI1 10,... I}(V'IJT)-tCV'J7)].
    AA.>Al'TSIS: Sl"'(,~ Z::. pVIfl.7.; -tk4" ~?\J-.n·o", 1o<c:.e .... ~J

    .&1+
    v
    ~,. aCT) -to ~'T C (T)
    -
    v'l. - y3
    (I)

    l:ll'\cL
    As
    A"'"
    .,. c>......d v
    04?,uAnOIo\
    Are t~
    of s~h
    .
    ,· ... d~,,~ dftd p",op~r""f'I-f&"A+ -ltv +Ltt> t"'"-'tc.
    <4!)c)O"'t1'~ ,'"" P II l:",o..u",.1 c,. /1·5"0
    1$ c:.OI'\"t\l\,·~t'\i to l.tS~ J..\.~I"~. T"',~ ~)C.pt"#$ItH' f~,,,,,..t ~p/')T}II'
    T""t/ ~Clt- ~,. (I )
    C>P"\ :: 1.... R BCT) of. RT a'(T) + ecrr) + ~TC"{T)
    ( ~T-JV V v~ v3
    \~"'I '-0 1ft-.. -t<j .II·S"O

    r~\·,
    ",
    : (U + C lU~+ ~TB1
    "....
    l' Utc. Po"'tC'l] dv
    vJ
    '1
    ::.

    = R J- V2-
    v, - -
    or
    ~(Va.;r) - sU,tt') =
    F(f',:)~: "7"+ --ft....a. \l-olulI\oOIe 1> -t'- ~p"e(~ i~ 1AQi- Illloc,p .. d 1b V'o..r'{ Io j "'-r~+lo.&j;\
    0·1 °/0" c:le--kr~"e -t-"-c ~,. ...... v_ 1l((OI..A>~.l ~,S'urc.. +~ spka..--
    CA'" 0. ttui '" i ~ IotLr .
    SCMMhilC ~l <D I\le N bft7J'1\ ~

    -':\ WI':.\"~
    .,-::: ~ooK

    0
    fl :. 10 bt:v
    ~
    : & I 11:' esse t::.~/","
    '" 'J (2)= 4q·,>,{O-~O:::)-'
    '" ..-'
    '\.: 0.7'1(.;</0-&1."..2./ IV

    A S':./JM PT IoN: <.t) T"'" ~pp-er sp" e, Co I'" ~ s y S k...... ( 1.) ~ e-p~"A ft.-..t-
    IUlM«..o\ov.l U>'1.~~ ... f .....t- 3001::. (.7) III (3) ~ c::Lo".,.t VA",? A,t r"-ssv..,.~ c...lAa,,~.

    A ~A'- 't'~l S'~ A s ~ ~ '~Ko\c. '-"> o~ de CMU ..~ 4.041 ~uu..re.. tA.; Co<..2A.f-4"I,
    f'1- I'VIl th-.·c.n·~ ~ VDLut-.r ~~~ A..aAc::£4

    <'1 )

    t't)

    -~~)MA't' -= -0·00 I

    ~P)MA¥ ~

    .~

    z·
    t:.t-=lOWN: A I~ I" c..oppu" ~pkt.f~ 14 a..t eO~F C4""d It''\ ilo-l.• n'.,.".,c, f"VISJu.I'"e, t1b I"",~,
    F-t ,...C '. 1:f -t-"- vo {v "'-i -e of -f"u. spit e re: ts "- to t:( II 0 '-"-'-e c:I --+c v 4. "':::; I, ~ """-0 NiL
    +t...""" o. ( co~) d e, 4e.,.-...',.., e, -f1...a ~~ I """ ""' ~ a.ll 0 loU -E'c:i f-<A S so u.f'e.. -;-<...a..
    SFWa.~ e«."" c..tt-o....'"l-, J t....: 4~.
    OS Co ~ "" ~ T' C '"'. tDtV ~/--.-) t> "'" TA :
    V'I"I:: \ Ib
    1-::' C600P
    ~~{q,n-

    tf:: 55'S' 114 / ~3 ~,


    (3:: ~,'S)(/O-~-(~)
    '\:: 1'.7'Z. ~ (0~ ' 0 ~l( lhf

    A'S.'i;DM(JT( O(~ s~ <.,) r~ c.oPP""'- 8'fO~ c.,; i-<.... sY s k w.... ' (.1..) TelAA./'a.rt:A ~
    ~~'''''S CA:>k.d"'Q,,,,,r ""t BoO£=.. <B) I) (3 I ~ c:lo ..... t vo..,..~ ..., ~lJv...r-e ~"':) e r .

    A t-JI\ l."1'"flf'. ~ +C-- V'OICJ~ c.uOL.\.I.c1. deCl'tA4A.. ()-<) fresrv..t'C: ,'""creaser,


    ~ Itt l' ~ I.'C. f\"'" 0 '" VD LuIM.A. ~ lA' -e r"'eo.d t

    - 0.001

    ~.'~ ct ll,b.4
    <D (};)r =- 1<.. 4J' ;z - k I!
    0."'" ~ ...:t of, 'lc ~ c:l T

    LJV=-\.:~~pJ~= - k..,.t1,..,V

    ~ ~
    \r
    \( :: -K...ar
    Cv~"M"'-q co ,(1..)
    -I<\, ~p )NA)( ::' - 0.00 I

    ~ P)MA." ~ l o. 00 I 1
    '3. i7..~o~'°iJ. ytbf J

    I. A I w ~ V~ l...t) i't.Y s .e.., ve.. h "'" ~ ~ ~f"'-A-P s ~.J... ~

    @tV)T ~ -K-,
    S,.-..a K 14 c...v..\w.;f- v.. L h- t'-"-' H 1.4 t'''t, (~Hv~ 1\.""" '1) J ~~ .... n ~ r' ~
    ~ -= ~f>(-l'\(p)-P,)) ~ ~v~v~-v,-= v,[~p(-I'\.t",,-P.))-IJ
    ~ '
    1... ~ "" ~t- ~\",.. .. J {.v ~ k){vh' eM

    1(-55
    PROBLEM 11·55"
    T"'~.e c.o.ses _,"to v,,"~r cch.',·d..... An·O"': c..) <liM ,d C!'" I 94SJ (10) ~ jd.S
    Wkot~ Q'I.l"f\o",- of s+.t.. teo"s p(v-b) =RoT} CC) 0.. 9 4 -' Obot"J""""
    tt..~ va .. chI'" WAAls ~~ u .. hof'\.
    1= ,,,-,1:> '. b"l""\lc. .'It,.r~UI·/)..,s ~,. f.. ."c:! ~ ..(0". eAt-k. cQ.se.

    n-o",,", E,s. ".<.,7.. 0"(/ I',"~

    .L
    e>~ ~[~J = T

    ~ '- -i [- ~: ) "

    ~~ ~~)=
    -t [.. :~J: ..!. r !:1
    t' L p
    ~T/y J =
    ,,:T J" .;... [ m;..)

    (<) VtJ~ ae . . W(lt)..Is:: .!!. - ~a.'


    p'" (V-b) v
    As "''''t. Va",d ... w .... "'I: e.'1UA~D'" ,'S 10\0+ 4~II'c,t ."" V J +kc. re1v,r~d pA"h'.1
    dcriV"",,·,,«\ 0.\"( 11'0+ to e.A.J;'., fv""c:\ Q.S ,.... ,Arts CA.) .... d (b). TIlf,tI, fellt".u,·", -fiu....
    ,""O~e~rc. t.~" I ..... e <l 1M 6'(0. ... ~'e 1/.2. J Boo .. _p,eU,o", jo". ~v/~")p r s ob-n..,·"e- <l 6.0
    R/<,v~b)

    $0

    ~o..( v_lo)'l._Il.,.v 1

    ---
    II. t Ilo
    (~)
    ~V/~T), ['2A/v3 _ RT!(v-b)l]
    It/6'-f> )
    PReBLeM {/. S"b

    FIND: O~t'"IV'9 4-pr.S'rt'OtU f.rtv. {3 ...- t'\. ~ -k,._. "t l j PI Z, CDz/mp J uJz/ap)r·
    R,r ,~U oS f-r,.f-f».l I.M j-f1.-. ~ <. 3 J lit <, "2.., de fe ..._·", e ~ S I 0"" 1 1\..
    ANALYSIS: FrO ..... E1c;. ".~z. A",d /I. (,,3

    Z( T)p) ~ ~
    1'7

    ~ lie. ~T . Z(7)p)
    JO
    -n....~ ...
    (~) ~ R. 2. + ~T (a6.)
    ()T p
    V P ar p
    o:... ~
    ~~)T ~ -RTz-+ ~T~)
    ~1. ~ d P r

    ~ [~Z + ~T 05~ }p ]
    p(lftT) + ~(~)p
    -L 1- ..L I~)
    T 2. \.:') T P

    :: . \l.U. :z.
    t.:r ~V

    i?e.{e-Y;"jI'\J i.. n,u.t'f'


    p~ <'1, Ti< <"0
    A- L I -fo r: o..u i~rksu-~ ~
    0- IN2.r h v-- ~Io~: lo~/ai»T <:..0· Tk\.4$, ~ <4 ~"",·~~",,t +<..-...:t ~
    \M.03t \iMt r()tl'h'~ o.i- o-t....l SIIt,l..o". r~+~r.
    AtvA~"nIS: FY-o""",,- -+kc. d~ve\o Pl4-\t .. t. of S~e, '/..S'.'I tkf' fello w '·"'-'
    q.'4' p,,,,U " o~C CA.t"f' ()b~.,.. tcl

    ~:. c.p lei,


    I.J '" tie.
    ~"o w""~ tk c. cLc·se.u ss,' 01'\ j F El' t t- "cr cp '> Cy eV.('f'p#::
    ..... T~ <:) , Acco ... d.... r<o~/;1 ~('~pf- fot' Slick' sptU.' ClrcuWlsfa.. t 4: ./
    blM .. ~ ~ D A'" Ii

    l<.>1 o. ... cl ~ ~/(J("f J as l.vA..t +e b-e ts-h;f,·sl.1eJ.

    ?Rol3LEt-A 1/,58
    F' u C ~ 'Pr Q Vt -\""... 't (d.~I~ ) T ': - ( ~ K..l~T) r '
    AUA~"1'SIS·. Co~SI·6.r v":.v(Tjp) o."ci ~ ...- 4&.. .. GI~~rof'",-h·.. J

    dv-= (~\ ciT of (lJ!) dp


    ~,)T)t> :>,. T

    W;-t-t.... eip, II.G:,' 0. ... (\ 1\.(.'3 -ft....".t 1o~&4I_"J

    dv,: ('If) a r + (-v ~)or (I)


    ~ ~
    ~ N,
    S, ...ee. +t...:s ,', -.... «.Jllt.e~ cl,.p..Je,if'''' hid I tk~ +~.I-t ..fcO" e.tI:",ttHt"i..1: Ei''''1'(
    b.. s ... ""S ~t .\ • ""T'k.... i c

    ~~~T:: ~lp
    ()tv~)] : ~(-vK))
    0' T "IlT P

    ~ ~)T T v ~)T = - ~ ~) p - v ~)p


    J,h.V) (~\ -+ v 4e'\ - .. J. ~y:\ fut.) - v (21:::\ p
    v\Yf pl~pJr ~~p)r - v W/rOT r \$,.' J
    ----~ ---'~

    dJN..V:: ~ clT -+ (-K,J ~


    v- ...............
    ~ .N
    0. " .. +"-e. ~ c>.., pi::>, "',) -fk<t.. 0\ to''\:. 1'w ~ Ad ~,. Sr.
    k:Now~ ~ l>~-t"- Q.r.e. prO'l\ket {6r- q.\.tAM\V\lAVV\ evt DOc..
    &N'P·. ])ekV'~liAe 1ile ~'(c:el).t €I(YO'C" 111\ C.V ~+ wO\,llel r~S'u.l+ i~ i+ w«e.
    6Ssu.r~€tt tkt Cp :. cv- .
    SC!:fSMM1c .( 'IVa.> l>M~:
    ~
    l~'
    T:.Dec::
    5 =-2700 ~t'hJ
    ~ :1.14~IO-8 ,,-I
    ... ;i' c.p =- D. 'f 2" k:J1 ~ 'l<-
    )0( :. r. 34)<10- 13 V\"'1N
    AN Al.'f $l S, '. ~ II." q C4wt be. 1t..SE'.&. -+0 .c..~d l' - Cv- ~
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    -.'" cl ~~ -:. S' ~ ... J retp.ediV<.loq, Ac. cL.'",,' '3 ) "'k~ ~o.... p,,+... iI·o.... I pli..O Cf' au rc I'C Tb
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    u se 0+ e; c.o-l'"f.r I'~ Cle.o.f"'j 1·",.L.. u.-I~d. 'loll!' h"l.... ' (eS'",I't.:o r~::::: ___
    I').~K.

    11-80
    PROBLEM 11.78

    v:5!-!U.
    P T&.

    I .. Ps..t = 1'2. - ~400


    r
    c.po: co .. s-t .... t °
    o <T<:..:looF'

    Uo..I.-Tho",r... ) j-f'J(Iol.f/.·..~ :l60 0 F ) : ' l>.oo4°~· &ti" /~{

    wk... t,. v : .flJI/b} T: oft} p: 'IaUft l J R:::::SOfHDf/(b·o~J B= IOO+tS"(o/if"/lb'/hf


    Co.) CO_"Ie~c ""e.. +.... blt..
    v lftJ./lh) h <'8f ..., I..) s (Bi ../lb·C>l)
    -rl!F) P C'bfl""~
    - - ,,~ 'Ii "'+ "'i S'T Sf
    0 ().~ 0 0

    /00 0·03

    SC HeM All c. i I
    (;./IIEN 1> ATA:

    300 Sh..hS: 300°F'" 151bf!i,,1..


    s"",,.f d. : ~ooDfJ (D Ibff,'..l.

    100

    I" P".t:: 1'1. - ;1."00


    4CoO
    ::1!) P2, =fl '" 882.37 IlIf/.(.t.l. ((,-,.'28 /t.fl",,'l)

    I.. P.s.. t ~ 11. - ~ ~ ~:. p...:: "2.~40.12. /'of/.ftJ (IS.~n. IIo1/i..&.)


    S"~O

    I'T2,- (100 ftS'(o,d/'Io·M)(882. 07 l'ofl.frt l )


    ",.: --'
    Pa.. - l+,"ODR) I..

    ".,3' ~ R1i _ !l~ ~


    (so)( $"0) (.lOO)( 'Z2.4o.Il.)
    = 11.74 ft11/b
    ( s~()) 1.
    ~ Ts'a. 7.'2.~0.1"l.

    IT.,- Sf\- ~o)( 7"") (loo X~1.v().n.) : /7. ~o if :til t.


    'IS=' :.
    P.r - Trt. ~I"O
    OG»~)\.

    11-81
    PROBLEM II. 7~ ( (o",fd, - ).. /4)
    U.riY\j 4-"-.e. c:.\o.p~::lro", e'luah'.", E.,. 1/.40)
    o
    "2. 0 -to T2, (vt-V.f)~lt

    P.o:t. e e"I' (I"Z. - ~400)


    T

    So
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    : (;"'Ol>~)('~S'.fo~-,.oa)/~)tt"2.37
    ~~
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    7?e7f~
    4"oo~

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    0)

    rv-
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    <>'t" - P T'" II' T' ~
    Ac ..o .. L./,,~ljl ...... h-- Eta. (1)-0)
    p. r~
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    13 38~t -to
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    (pLTJt'l)-CptI(.T)= -T rP(_!!f )dp =


    Jo 'T 4

    lI-ez
    ((0f'l1c1, - 3/4')
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    W,'+'" E"l"f.""

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    c. :. "a ClOt:> ft.S'·(OR)J./lh.I.f)(1440'''flft~)I·~ I:, c. al87 ~


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    Thlh'\/ ~l +"- t"'~ PI"f'''''oU-:O(o ~ch""",,,,~c1 ViA lM.t fe,. I.t l ) ~3 ~ 1611. 8 1 4+--.//1:1.

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    S(T) p) ,~-4 ("'1 p):= 1P[~ _(-: + 2.~~ )]~ -::


    (Co )

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    11-8~
    h'f : ~~ - 'all-DOC va - V,.) ~ :: lee.8' _ ~"'oo(II,7q.O,Ol)(n4c,'t)

    '15 (S-,"o)/7715 I

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    100 I). SS'b 0.03 JI-" '3s..o~ 180.il o·rno~ o. ~2. 't ~

    (b) To e.""(,,.. -te vs) "'SOl s~.

    w;~'" -\"-e e'''A'tI'o"''.f oShi«.) liS: I1,Wf1~llh (~pAtt-'),


    Fclle ....·~ ~l..e 2 ...... -«. p_C'.c1u,II'U "'$ uc<tcl tI. t v .. t..... te. "3 a"d SJ

    : ~ 14 s. n.. 13.'"
    u"

    s~ : '-pI> ....... 1(' _ ~ ~ p~ _ ~ ( Pr" - Pa.~J


    72. Pa. Tr1 7i..r

    S5'
    PRos~eM 11.7'

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    AN "1...,.tW.
    P
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    PROBLEM 1 i , %4

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    VI(V,+O.otIo77V,,,,,,,,2.
    ,'- ~ -"'.. v-,
    C':',,_O.""ln7){/OS) _V,- (~
    vl+O.O..• I,",)(IOA)
    C1'"

    W;~l>.t'\e'''A.'''·~S'o\ver.... VI:O.II/V;z.'=O.011i, ~~j V-, J E~n,) j"\I-6oP = I02.~"b.fI.


    u--.~ Crl. J {l'U-) -r---
    p = ,o2.-~C1"'.1" • Tl.uo1, ~z 102..7b(J..t" J wL...·c..&-.
    '" ... lto...;t 1.7'% t.v..S\....r~~ w.........-~ v~.

    I.: .... l'-"\')1I;.Mt,Vl'l..::::

    ""-'1<-

    l \- 108
    PRoBLE"'" II. I0 I
    \CNOWN: A 3o..seous lM,y."',e .......·t .... 1"~ lMol6r OIllA''1,s,·.s be/o ..... ,'S c..o.."fa,·,,~d
    ''''' A. +-ct..",,~ II t '2.0 ... -\ ... / 3~ooR.
    I. A.,..1 0 I'l : \1 i :: .~O
    a. N'l ~ ~ 'l. e , 50

    F'uO: ~+lW'\A~ -t~ :Sp-tc..~~.c. VolvM.J.u.Sit1jeOC:"'-ot JUur S'C"t.lft·~ l'roct'cLu".r.


    SCHEMA"e T. ",~eN i>AT"l:

    r - ---,
    J Ay- I
    I Na. :
    1I _I

    Jl'\SSUM.PT, 0 ''''~ "'T "'~ ""t'li fI.I,t>


    AA)I'\L '($I S: tOo) :r~ (.0.\ <;'cos

    tb) lC4.'1's f4le P\q,r 'Z'chArt. IN"~ ddo. rro,- lAolt' A-IE "",c:I. 61r. 'I.el?
    Tc.:. Y, Te,,,, 'h. Tn:: O. ~-l:l72. + 227 J: ?-~q. r oe.,

    Pc'" \oj, PCI ... ~'a. PC'L ~ 0,)( 47·97r 11.}J.= 4-0.74 "hN.

    }
    ()J.'~ "Z:.o.t.t'l.

    tr=-""Z
    ~
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    v: Vft,' nCo ~ ~.\( ( IS'4r/H.'I7rJ( ~'1<t.f) : C). ~ {(. ±!)


    pc. l40.;V:) (t'l.",,)(fIIV ) I.

    tc). Red\.'cl1 - l<won: Eq uAh'OVl, u~.'''' d .. .,..... fro ...... , ... ble ,A-:ttl-E .for Na.,
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    41.Q1

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    p: RT -
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    I~A-\6

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    pro v, e r c r f~
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    """ wL.....' CIA- R./2.- ~ 40% '?J /.AA"H'!, o.i: v=- O. DOS- w.:I/ k J ~ 7= 1800C,
    A f,.;JA L'rS 1$: RePd'iI'AVlJIV'J ~ .~ ,-,,,n"""1 ~~
    _ RT { t + (3-rft2._(33 _, 0... }

    P- v (IT(3l 'RTCvHo)

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    p".o?S&",,-Y<2.-.

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    /04,)"'

    Acc.()v-<!."~ra I ~(" tk.o ~/-tAt'e.-


    &
    <D tJ\ ~ ~\l.- M q , + ';1 13 H l & = IIO.S- j::~

    l~eV\/ '" '-::" 1'.1\1/::: 1/10, .s .~ -\lo,OO)~);;' O.SS-2S-


    ~ I::-"''''I/l Ie';)

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    "",,,.-t kH. cl." ~"'-"-<~ cl ~ ~(..(...... ~o,,-eJ. 'Tt;..-t~) ~ R,1l-

    l:t~ 11.) ':" 3S"J.4.12- ~ P ( - 77Z.:?Oe;:33) - o . (" 7"31 B ( ~~


    do. J) 'J·L
    =: 3S~4.11. 0f.-p (- iV:>"S'i.;"- 0./'58/ '-I) -.:: ~7+.2'76 G:--ol)~
    .3
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    z,
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    tD Ib 10'2- /0

    ::. O.fS'37("- (9,0&344 - o.VJ034- =0.05118

    ~p ( -
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    3,410 "v L
    - t, S2430{. 4-S-? f)
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    2
    10

    11-IIJ
    'PlC.o13LE~ II. lO 2.. (CovdcL )

    f',:) IW. t I us I'" j -t"'-'t jive y\

    Cr;..! CU ({<.f..ed 0..<> follows:

    b:= ~ll. b' 2 + lj,s b'3 ::::'(P,3~,s-~)(O,OSqqg)+ (o."'54-\~)(O'0224)


    = 0.02,,(,, 14 ~3
    K.w>j

    112-

    + 2-(. 3G.sr)CG,34-&,)0 -, 03)-)&, g7427b)(.3572C;~)] +


    (p.1034-rfr. ~E>72'f &l].,(foG

    =- [0.1I&7QS-r

    (3:: ..h-. -=. O.036Jt - o.olfo3.s-


    "'f V 4( 0.5"52-5") -

    :: O.737~.

    I. S'ee Sec I /2..1) E,. /1..,'1'


    2.. T""-'< c.~l cc,d" foed v,d'-le ,'~ q % of ttv... Vtd..L,e. reo..J.
    e...-.·tl.....·V\
    f,ro"" ""- -t key"","", cL:J v-A ........ c, d...: ""~ VA....... fa r: t"'-'< ~ I-tA ('eo:. ::::f 5."-Dot<:. PeL. . S'ee II '71len~'-O«(ji'IA""'" e,
    D""'9y'CtW's far Refr"jE'.-",,,,t MI<+U1~S" h~ J,~. 64l("'JI-H~.r ef-.~. A'S/-!-f<AC'
    TR.AtvS, ) {"/z;8 (PMt 2..1) a-llq - -uss,

    U" lIt
    'PRoBLEtv\ 11,103
    \:C~owt{: A l'iljicl vessel 1V\-i-h,... 111 Cth,\+z,.,·",S c0;2", -* 32°C. 6..f"\d r-u Sf U y e f.
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    I ~ cW"o-\t.o-.. I'\e ~ 0-*- 41 0 C j II 0 b~r.
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    Sc/ftMA;Tf(' gG IV!/-) .i)f1Tf\:

    ASsv 1\.1 P T iou :

    i.,. ih'Dol\y f&'' 't> III


    ~NAL'(Sl\: T""-.P ~~ r- u,(E" P c. o: n ~ j,;.. ." ""d) ~ ~·I1.e..a-pt~} .f,.-u-..~ 1~"""
    co~srl ~\ I do, ckw-t ~'V'\.~ p= PI'. Pc J L.v~ Fe= :;-J..&fbe>..r" fr-(I4"...7~ A-I .
    PRo V, h YE'd '" ~ TR ':: "TITc ':: ?J o5 ho4- c, I. 0 ~I'\ d
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    de.~\'UA.~d. ~t.

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    IAJoJo..A{.
    ~ III Pl'\No'",
    ;:.
    \ I IV,? ( or
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    nco:!. =. O. 'l. Y\ M.A)f. I~ s
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    V'\CCI"l" - O. '2.. VIM 10( - )"\1'0< \~ J .

    Co~--'J ~ ~ 'tA.vIl A.N. ~~~ 1't"W)J V = s(o. 2.3tt ') l:.~ . (2..)
    TlJ ~",el L.~) ~ lC"o.y ll~ """'Lf'l,..-... T~A-I cL.....+z,.. ..

    lC :::(fk) co"2. 4- ( ~ Tc )('1..H~ -= (p. 2..) ('S()'t) -t (o.~) (l-~3) -=- '2- ST' 1. K

    Pc.,.(~Pc)co~...f(~rc)C2.~':: (O,1..)(::r~.1)4 (t).~)(.>1."):: ~11''+~


    T 1-...9 "') ~ 11-0 .j., ""....A ~ f\A. (' ~
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    "2..'l>1·1.. ~~·w U;, A -"2.)
    A- C C-(ifck (fJ ,~. (~) r~ V ':.. s-( O. '2..~1)( o.v ) '='" o- \J,113 'M" II!=IW>I (COL) • ~c:l li' CI)
    ~~
    vre t :: @_'i'L'/)(O·'frf-) ~ I. If

    Pe -= (;.51.
    I :

    "cu-\'l ':: Z:: RoT =(o.4)(IS'4~R·("f/I'l'1ol'°f'.)(5"60°f<);.I.fo2. K


    p~ [4-iC~ 1ll.4 Ibf/::t'tl.) . (b-'

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    V/1-:. "';,/2- Y.. :. I· (.
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    -rLo-.S; fw. -t1- ~.I"\o-A (~'o /ll to ): (. 08 ~"'" c:l
    c.er-d.\-\\ 1M t TJt..':.
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    :;eTc... \.I~\h- ~II,H Ib.... o(· 0/lo)t t;"lfJtI~ '\
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    (IS"\l.l~ S","o)
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    11-Il'i
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    A ....Al..ISIS': (-.) w;~ E 1l.I 0 4
    b,

    = ~1 t::tta )( -n»
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    P~8U~M U./O~

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    F,ut>~ Ef-ti""o.ie (0.) 1""'.
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    AN At-YSI\: Vs,'", 4~ GOo"'''' p",oY"ded J -the .(olloe.u"", plot; CAh."~ f:/evelo/HcJ. Thtit.
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    • C6Y\ flAid ~rA.""o"1.

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    Clot.. T:. 2-80·(

    AreA o-f T,..petoicl = i [ a.71t-J.7~J("",lt) ~


    JM £ = - JoB. 11 )(/0-.)
    r
    .,. 2.0'.3' =t £: 0.8 1'2-
    P
    f = Sl.' bAr' ""4_--

    '·0

    o 40 '0

    il-Il7
    <Or-A.pl.M ~ ~ 0 1~'UI-11
    US,""') r- v - T d.d·c.. ~O""" ~ 5'1-<.4 ....... -to.~/.eJ -+~(' ,feltO ......•... J pld" CQ.I'\ ~e.
    cl.,.... W'" .. t T~ nro I) F

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    I I
    /00 ~OO ~oo 400 500 ~oo 700
    P Oltfll,,1.)
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    /0 r ''''l--

    T'- folloUol;~~ 'XT CC>~ pro\J~~ 0-1'\ 4 I ~;"\.~ h'\t€ f't1 u.1'~'''''j -
    'S~""'" 7~ cl .. tQ.. t-- r-.rt(A). A- sl-~/6.r "'"Pr---~ckc..- ~ c...~d fe-P41...-t(bJ.

    IT Code 1* The constant 0.0135 is added to account for the


    area from 0 to 5 bar. The computer cannot evaluate
    T= 280 u-c Int for that range because the pressure is too low. The
    psat = 64.12 /I bar
    value was determined by extrapolating the data from the
    BROWSE table to low pressure. *1
    R = 8.314/18.02 /I kJ/kg'K
    Z =(p * v * 100) I (R * (T + 273.15»
    v = v_PT("WaterISteam",p,T)
    IT Results
    Int = - (Z - 1) I P
    InCp = Integral(lnt,p) In f/p = - 0.1898
    CP = exp(lnCp + 0.0135) f/p = 0.816
    f= CP * P f= 52.31 bar

    0.004

    0.0035

    0.003

    0.
    0.0025
    N 0.002
    I
    ......
    ~

    0.0015 0.0135

    0.001

    0.0005

    0
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
    P (bar)

    1\- U8
    /a.)OWN: ~'1S k"",<> ... t spec: f,'ed s;;t... ;'e' <Are 5 'lien,
    PllUU ~ 'l=O~ -e-s c t-. ('4fe.. <>/ek ........ ''''-'1 +k. j=;.;54C-<'f'7.) ",-,' a..1w"
    AuALys1r:

    ) Pc ~ '88 httl". T"'c: ...

    fR.'=: ~ -: 3· 9!>-
    Se

    (c)

    gqO n) A 'fw.- :: z. 77
    T~ -= -= 0.88 ) F:<. -::.
    /0 1 4 ""f% •7 A.fw-

    ;:2.t.~ A~
    (c)
    'F.1\..l-o<..<. A-fa J i. ~ OilS ~ g==
    P
    PRDBlEIVl 1\.\10

    Th.e hAS --f i-:« ~r",-,-


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    proforh'oV\.AI "t. '-*.1 V\o"-ol~ f.rQcho"'\
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    1
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    1. 113) 6·U.
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    Y\, <lEi ~ ill,.. d6 '::


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    ~ I d ~fJ ~ ttl. d~f&. = 0 (I)


    d.'jl- d'11.. _

    ~ \ ~ c:..e.. ~ -= ~ ~ 2. =a-, ~.f'1. ':. ~ ':1~ -+~ K I a....... d So cl ~~~ ::;a., ('2...)

    Cow..~\"",,· ...) E7~·(I), (t)

    _-L )
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    '= _-L.
    (i-Yz.)

    ft:.Ktl-~1.)
    -tl .:- K 11
    ,. ('J)

    s\"'~ ft..::,f, d.O ~I~I) k=f, ) &".1+ hu4 e1>.(3) b&~es


    .f, ~ '1\ of,

    '1I-(30
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    A i 0... ~ tlt.!'e.elC.c.$ ~+<A."~ w,'tk +~
    ~lA" o..~41'1'HS -\ TO% Ct.H b J ~o% "'2.3
    A.-t 3/1 #<) I"rOarw.,
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    SCl-te: ,".041'171(' ~ (;IVE-N ])A7A:

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    V: n, VI + WI\. V2, = V\, v, + 112. V~

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    10 ~.... v'a.l c....l t"l.. te


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    lz1.+-r~JI:N>OIJ ~
    PRoBLEM 1(./24-

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    j
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    r------..., I. A,.,o", 'I, s O·7'J


    I
    I
    A,.
    Cz.fI'f
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    ~~SVMPiloN: -rh~ ~,)tlv,.~ ••~ +,,~ ,)', .........


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    ~: _~ :: (IST/b)t '~"'S'11'·~7)(ft.'bflllrOR.)(~31°R.) -= 2.0.44.pt'3


    itJ? C!t.lf22< 1-t.1J(144) Ibfl4t~
    (Dw"-..t. M'= ~,HI-t't.ta.Mt..~(O:TS'X.~.'4)+(O.Z.5'XZ8.0S')~ 341!t7 Ib/ l h """O l .

    CI:» leAP' ~ w,.f1,.. "en. C6""'p-uSS'lh'{,f!., cka,.f. w,'f£.,d A+'" fr""""T,..4.LtA--H5 J GefS.Il·CfT,iV~

    1C ~ 'j. Te, '11 Tq. = ~.7r){:>'72.) + CO.'lS)(SIO):: ~3/.r.R.


    p, :. OJ, Pc '11. PC1.'" (0.7\,)(47.'17)+ lo.tfX5t>.5)~ 48'·~1 at ....

    T"'''''t, Tit':. S37!Ut.r: 1.,,'2./ Pit: ""7· F\S·A-'2. :;'·'.S z:::o.ql} So

    V = Z l+\-.IT = Z V;d :. o, ",{loC). 4+ f,t-'S) = Ie· b #3


    P

    V,. "". V, of- 111. V2" = "'. V, -+- H2o Va.


    tulol.e-,-e v,: i, ""e ~ol&~ :sptt.• A'c. volu"",~ of pur~ A. .... 1' +I¥ fe .... p~r41f\l ..~ c:l\~ pl"~Jru.r(
    o.t-tk~ S'ol",ofl·o"". l>,·v.c:I...",s "!I '" I +1<1 .. "'&H... b~,... o1l4.o,o(~t of. solei h·ov. j iVPJ

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    "'7 Q.
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    P (~I.'ft)( IV·"f')(IVV)J /""'01

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    PRoBLLIVt Ii i 128

    Known: The depar+ure of a 5olu-t'lon from ideal behavio~


    IS repr-es-en-ted hy -f-he ac.+'vH- y c.oeffic.ie,.,+ ~L = a~/y')
    or wi+h E't~ 11.\40 . L

    r,'nd: Us i'ng +he. ~ ibbs - Duhe.m ettuahon) ob+a In +he tollowin3


    e)(pYess~on. tor a binary solu+ion) i. =: 1),2.) relattn5
    the OCLVI+Y coefticien+s and +h.e' cornposl+JOn 0+
    femper-a+ur-e T and pressure p

    J I" 01J _
    d Y1 -
    p,T

    The ~ tbb5 - Duhem


    J
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    t=1

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    djL~ d)J.;
    I

    d fi~ +
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    ~or p :::: con5fan+ C1nc[ T..:::: Co


    I n-rI
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    dr~
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    J y~ TJP,y;
    \ )
    PR.O 8 L.EM", I 2-B C Ctn--. fd I)

    Also) tor dp -= dT -: : 0 ') +he yibb5 - Duhem


    reduc.e.s +0

    i=l

    t
    Also r
    lOY" a f •
    orr-ary +
    miX ure")

    Y, + Yz = 1
    )II -== 1 - y2-
    ==? d y, = - clYz-

    The d ~ fFerence. ~ n +he chem;cal po+e n-f.;-a I ~ i. between a 0

    s pee 't ted s-+afe of +he m i xtur-e and +he veference s+a-te
    IS jlVen by E<r: 11.139,

    rL - fl~
    o
    = R-r I
    ,n
    (+fLo~ )
    .
    re 3 rra V13' hj

    I d
    .rn c.I'Ie. ate

    J JL: RT -+- RT
    J 'I L T)p

    ==? dr~ -

    1I~ 1~1
    Pe.o8LEM.
    c-
    II. J2.B(Coll'ltd)

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    YI
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    T;p YI
    Jy, 1: i RT I
    Y1..
    l
    T)F
    =0

    n, [d y, d
    d Y1
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    T) P YI
    z
    cJ Yz,
    z
    T)p Yz:

    n, [ ~I;,~' ["P +i] .z: nZ rddl~zOl/T)P + ~L]


    \1'
    l
    .=:: n~
    -
    :::::: VI
    VI

    == Yz.

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    de+E'C:"h'~ il'\~"~i·.1,re",i: or er-rOkeo(.u ~J'UV-eIME'Hfs.

    1/...139
    CHAPTER TWELVE

    IDEAL GAS
    MIXTURE AND
    PSYCHROMETRIC
    APPLICATIONS
    PROBLEI\t! I~. I

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    ~SV~PT(O""S ;CI) Fel'" CClS~ (tJo.)}A. ~i'tJ ryt+-te- c..co.'\s,d"", 1; ""t"'- 0't.",,,,d"'L c.4 ~
    ~H<",,· W c.Q.$-("(4)) ,A c..."""'~( Volvvw.~ a.+ S-k6.~'1 ~-\-7-,.e c.Q., -t-l- S7S+e""·
    C'l.) 'Flw -e.oo.- 'yS\-f""-J ~ :::'0) W-= O(.eWe.pt ~r.f<o"""-u.>C/II""{C:""":(10)) J o.. ...d. ~ ~

    ~ S'M;- c......+ lC-i"'4,.kC/~{.t"", -h':"'" .e.~~ -e.f~(,.~. l.'3) e~C'" '4.s o",o:i-t<--
    O\Je.r~~~,~ be~veJ a-o 0..-- ..:d.-...f (JolS. T~ "'D<tl-/-o", ~~ 1A.o'-Gc:1-t.
    o.-rr l i e r . (4) Ap"'-l"""~~ Co~r+A.. t spe~"c.. k..a....t-.r ~ e ....."tCl~.
    20 0
    A ..... Al-"('iIS: (0.) An ~"'.{'t'}~ 1o .... I A Vlc e I"~<i.uc~s -hi 'f~o...J Ll"t.r:-?;:;JJ-) Dr LJ"U"'=-O
    +\h
    ""'('l......

    U)
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    ~T
    ('oY\~h. .. -\
    4<>01< I t.1'(\)
    c" c.-.- ~ ~ ol
    ~.a.t
    O\l'olV"

    +-- A,.Ok a' ''''' .......


    T~, w.~
    )
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    l '" (SV M) (T.f - T.; JJ o~ -t [ l'\ (cvl-\) (:-q -7..")] Hl. =0


    ~ lO,<,){O.~81}(31)[-q-SOOJ -\- ~A)tl1)"3S'2.)(Z.OICII)t'-l -3 0 0J =O ~7.f= 4221(04-

    (b)~~~(tt~ .b~lA.u-~~f\l~~. _ , -
    o =--,/iI:.., - ~~ -+ V\o~ ~oz. (T\ ) 1" Yl H~ h ~~ tTL) - ( '" o~ ko~('Ii) ..L V\ t+lo h~~ ((3) ]
    o V'"

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    0"- (o.Co)l ~.~:;11.)['50b-73]]+ (O,~)L~~.4~)(l"O'E:J)l100 -73JJ -7 -q ~ 4'Zl~.e-

    12 - 31
    PRo{SLEM 11..28
    I<~Ol»/\J: A s'f.t4e ..... c.o.,~;st$ i~ .. n.. "r
    of t'lA l'\4.c)~i '1 ,q..r
    A Q.:'#- p"'~uu."'fe p a...-d
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    "'-f ;'''~d -fo..j-....l. V'C)lv""'C?-. T~ f,~,J. -k-,.....,.....
    .......,...,-e c.; (" .... Io'\.c:l~ f.k.~rurtu.~ee.Or.
    : : ~ 1> ~ (a..) 0 b t-- •.." &-. V\ ~ ( " - - So, Vl1 fcu" T'~ e '" "fyr) j r
    f"-o c:L••'C~. cl to..:.. ..,.....""- 1
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    esc 1-+1" M f"otT l C ce (;,., IJ l' ~ 1> I"'r 71"\" :
    T T T

    Insulated Initial

    Assumptions:
    1. The system consists of gases A and B together.
    2. Each gas behaves as an ideal gas. The final mixture also acts as an ideal gas with each mixture component
    occupying the total volume and exhibiting the mixture temperature.
    3. No heat or work interactions with the surroundings occur.

    Analysis: An entropy balance for the closed system reduces to


    o
    S2 - Sl = (2 (Mfl + a
    -k'\r}b
    where the entropy transfer term drops out in the adiabatic process. S1 and S2 denote the initial and final entropies of
    the system, respectively.
    The initial entropy of the system is the sum of the entropies of the gases when separate. That is
    Sl = nAsA(T, p) + nsss(T, p)

    Since each gas initially exists separately at T and P, each of the specific entropies appearing in this expression is
    evaluated at T, p.
    The entropy of the system at the final state equals the sum of the entropies of the gases A and B evaluated at the
    conditions at which they exist in the mixture. That is
    S2 = nAsA(T, YAP) + nsss(T, Ysp)
    In this expression, the specific entropy of each gas is evaluated at its partial pressure in the mixture and at the
    mixture temperature.
    Combining the last three equations and solving for the entropy production
    a = nA[sA(T, YAP) - SA(T, p)] + ns[ss(T, YBP) - ss(T, p)]

    The specific entropy changes can be evaluated using Eq. 6.25b. Since there is no change in temperature
    - -
    SA(T, YAP) - sA(T, p) = -R- In YAP
    p = -R- In YA
    ss(T, Ysp) - ss(T, p) = -R In YBP = -R In Ys
    P
    Introducing the foregoing into the entropy production expression gives
    CD® a = -R(nA In YA + ns In Ys)

    S ,,,ce '7t>r ...." ~ '1C. o.fe R-Ac'" ..Q..qs;S' -t~ 11.......::+0 J () WO...Q ~ ~ p-csi h"v~ ) ~ o.c c..".<iA.k.~
    W\~ -\1--P ~ c..~d J...a..w. -4 (6)
    :Peol:SL~ M \2 .L 8 (4vt-td,)
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    ,
    ~ """"'-

    "'''' ...e cl /o.A- S I:: Y\,...S (T'J ,,) + hog'S (T.) r)


    w~ YIp. 0...-.0"'6 d-t...w-k ~ o.."",-"",it '1 ~ ~ ~ .,r
    ~ +".,1"\. r ~. I...... p,. ~ ~OV'i '1 .;-r..-
    S"1 f +e "'- c.v ""-Aeo\.
    S'- -:. ~~+V\~ ~ (7) p)
    (c)
    (~I., J <:)- ':. 0 f-~' r c........r~.

    I. The irreversibility in this case is due to the free expansion each individual gas would undergo from its initial
    volume, V A or VB, and initial pressure p to the total volume V and its partial pressure in the mixture, PA or PB .
    The mixture would be formed spontaneously; however, once formed, energy would be required from the
    surroundings to separate the gases and return them to their respective initial conditions.
    2 .. For the case of mixing several components, each initially at the same temperature and pressure, the expression
    for the entropy production takes the form
    j
    (J = -R L n, In Yi
    i=!

    where n, and Yi are the number of moles and the mole fraction, respectively, of component i. The result obtained
    in the solution is a special case of this equation.

    12-33
    PI'O~L..eM 1'2.. 2.q~
    J(.NOYlN: U.'{dr(l~ ... "'\ltJ.t)~"r, A.~· ... o... h"c~ c.v;h- (,A) COt- ) (b) (-.I."..)
    e e c .... _+ ~ .s",""",~ T) p, ihi-\\~IlJ.
    f'/t-JD: 'D~"""""""""""'-4 ~ o.-.o",~ If ~","~(J~ r--06.uC'~c:I.

    SCf-tEM/tTIC ~c.lC7t"f..J DI'\7A:


    il/\,n-~lIy: AS $'-' M PT I 0 t'I 'S ""
    (~) 'Z,0 tb COt. I" ,."'-- ') '1s .f.t "" 100 f ' - 11> +.....t 1v" '"-h" -f-.,
    (\,,) t.O(~ Ut,. of ~~r.
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    A'" "L."(c,;, ~'. A", e",,~ Pj b... \A.M..t A.a. \lvc.,u ~.'ft,... A ~ ru"""""P h~ '3 -h:>., l \'~ ~ = AS
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    ~co"~ ~:o~~b/lb.....t -::.O.l(S~t( l~W'I\Ol


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    12-31
    ~
    PRo6LEH 11.. '32..
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    ~CHe:""ATIC. ~ (;IV€kl DATA!

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    ko\c>dt'(4!'cl Ctf Cl.'" ,'deAl 1~rA:Jt",J"'TI1.~ 1M"dvI"e -'VL",e~J' -io+",~ 'Do 110", ~ef.
    (5) Tl) '::. S'oO°R,.,

    A~AL.""S"S'.<,")Re L...c...·"'S '''''-is e-."",,o ~",e ...,,~ iA.K 1o.... (A""C'~r --f-r c::.. co""tn-(
    V p I II IN' ~
    t)'r'- u.cl
    t'I'\cJ..u> ti i'\"
    q.H,,""~-..f\".''1
    +~ ~ .... , C~"~""'Ic...J~ ~~-t 0: ~Il" +.M1.'-1l. - k.1'J \13) ev-

    o ':. ~co ~eo (Slfo·~) + ~"... ~M" t8~Ott) - (.t.co hco("otI°~) + M/t~ hh~("ooO~)J
    ~ ~co r h eo (~oOIt)-1to(S\foo~)1 = ";"Af" l hAr(i'£CJ) - ~,,~ ("o0)J
    l ""co J MtI~
    ht' Ar ft'-T4ble J\-1..1 J CP ~l'S"i:. • 1)CJ..+- ~ co ..; c>~t.~,,"V\e c;\ fr~ 7....c.Aa ~-l3.

    ~o \
    l
    ""I~i- ~7So·3
    2.B·O I
    J:: ~A l II
    (a.'i'X.I'Cl&"l[2..4-0]]~ ~co
    1tt ·tt"\- ~Ar
    :: 2-

    " C c..t' .L\"(ta ) eMf )ce> = "/, ) (~f )",r e, 1/3


    Co~<; i.u-, ," "'5 ... ~: ~ v -.:t ~4'..s '1 ~ 1-u..r4't .J

    nC.o -:. 1/3 l~ ~ o. ()Z.~ i") nl'tr S V3 :: O.()083 ~


    38.01 '''I'.".....A 11'-1'4

    (I)) S'\I\c.a +'-- e.."..4'Al"\si "" c...c...n>~s +<-- V'~ cA ... -+~ttl'\I\1 ~VtJ
    l-\ ~ -:. Lt'S. PM...l ~ft u. -tt- ......... ~, y o.f q.,,\ " dA.-t ~ ~ ~ W\.. c..e., 610"
    ~ "'1'""" .. ~ 0# I -r4\ e, Tl ':. b 0 e OR .
    (~) Tt- ~ 1 ~~rr-a- c......t.u. -tul/i'\c:J U S ill\.1 Ecl::'lo~J~
    c:l-fvvc he.....
    (J~ ~ ~ "\ A.-~~ ~cL.ac:..~,~. n,.,... o: ~~ I ~~~~
    ~ ~il'\' c:.. t...."""b-e ~
    , r1

    . 0= ~ ~ 't- ~,Sco(T'JP.) +~2.SA~(7i,Pd- ~1 SJ +crc:.v


    ""'""'1) t.w,~ [0
    .r-«
    <L,...+-,p,1II- Tq.ole A ... 23

    -t;: ~"-~&') SeoCT;,P.) -( ~:)~,..rtTt.'~)


    = t(l'I'\f)co Sco l 13/ ~co p.) + (!.f)At, S~r( Ti, l;J,.... PJ)] - ( ~MI1 ) Sec> (TI) Po) - ( ~)SAr (Tt, Ii)
    ..:..

    ': i' t ~~O<,I).,to'S) - Seo<.T'JA >] ... i L~,. .. CT'I ~AI"_,.J) _S""<"7i, 'a']

    1:2-4£0
    .. ~
    3 l
    sc:.('!i) - i~(Ti)- R. ,,, '4*"1'
    Meo
    ,
    )J J.
    +'3
    L~PJ~" I., '* -
    a.
    if ,,,
    t-.C,,~
    ~]
    ',-

    . ; r 04,.044-47.310- 1.1~'J-(O'7~~1:I·)1... ~ rtl.1.r'}l2.!"I.ll~ - \" (Oo¥)n


    3l J L l1.'.
    )..t.Ol J
    u ... , 'a~v..1 tJ(2.
    :. o- 0'\ 12.. + (l. 0I 0 'i :: O. O~ 110 \IoC"'/Y)

    -r~slfw-{N ~"~j C~4ot"....

    If:J) . -= "'"TO d"c~ _ (Soo0t\. )/O. o 4Tfo 'i~/°((. ) ': 23.?


    00 """'x ~ - '-S l 'bC~)

    ~t' #.. co""tv., V.III ....-e e ....e (otlt\J 1''''~ VII ''''~J A.""- et\ ~"P:J rAt-e. hA. (I(H(~
    A~ t\-~ ""tt ~t...f c. re d..l.Ie • .1 ~

    a-c.1/ : SO"" - SJ
    "'1
    : ~""~)co SCO ('T". ~co P4) + 'IoIf)I\,. S~,.tT", ~.'It" p. ~
    -t~ko S:fO{-rt, 'jeo PS)'t (~)A" ~oW'(T'l,~At"P.s»

    :' (w..f.)CcI l S~. tr.. l- S~o (7)) - i t", ~ J..(.. t)itr [CPJ Il .. 1
    " ~ - i I., ~]
    ~eo ~It ...

    ~'l\~ Tl~ 11' I ike ter-s 1·'''''O\VI'I'\.~ 'ff""I'e".... h4re.. VIIM'S £'J le"lfl~.s

    CD
    t· SI''}_''''''eA'''~ ~.e\",O .l_.ulvucn'(M Cl.C~~l'\.ted .,....e- ~('''''~ 1>
    d• t+'Ufl",-t tl.\. ~d"'A... e-e » i ...",..-h' AII ~ A f- d..c f~~ + S' tp. foe..s o, ....d ~
    Uro.rI\S\~ 'b S'1..d"'ST~W'\('.e$ a.c<O:SS VA IVe..1.

    12-41
    ..,.I.·u"" -1. ,.
    .A 00 K) I L __
    ~-.
    -.'_".
    .......
    ~ -'" A
    "\I,, I"
    •
    .. e .J . . . ,1(,,,,
    •• r.,
    c:..,,"hoo ,_
    •• ,. .....,_e,." ...
    ',,'S
    "",'1'" """'0/1\ e"ole,..,,,, a-e 300 1<) 1660,.. TI,4!: .. t; ... P'~IIU'~
    ,,"'·lCf.""e f'/Ct'+t. of I h.....
    ""'~ ",r-1 0 >,\ _ ... s f/ot.A.I ,..+~ ,'s )(' +,.... ~t +h.. t of ",~".u_.
    S:/~t>: ve,..(l.(.S 1:' -+~ Jl4,it- te""'-(>erA tt-.re -<:t.-,d ~
    p1o+ rA.l-e. of ~.s d-
    chrlvvch~ (.1+ v~ ~\! 1 l~ £"Io1W,'Y\,j.
    ~CHE'MA"TtC. ~ telVEN 1>~'T"': -

    ~~
    "kloIC, ,h,..
    ~t4e - ....--=-..,4
    /.r
    1 001<) '.:..ar~~.-.,ol "To '; 300 I~
    ~r : )( ""~c.

    ASSUMPTIONS: (') T~ """,c""", c.k.A_b~'" i,s well '·'Ulo.lo.h.d "'Hi 0..1' ~+«'Cld~ S.+At~.
    ('l.) "'I·"'t~'c. ..... 4. poi~""~'AI ~l1e"1 e.ffec:ts c.... '" b< t"I1o.-ed. (3) cu./"" :Jcu C~11 ~e ~D</eieJ.
    o.~ 40\. ,·dQ.'" 'Jo..s ...... cl ""~ IM,~ k-t~ ~cl.",,~ .. el' -1-0 +ke. '00..1+011. lMod~(.
    ...NAI.."l'SIS: At s.+t ... ~y s.t ...:tc. tkt. MAS"' flo- r.de. of .He .... iltl-.... ,.c ,)C"n'''', ., "4/1
    t""- $11- .f tl\C i"'to""'""'j ft ..... ,...tCJ :

    Cll

    o 0

    0-:. ~ - ~v ~ ~~ ~ij~ (400K)"", ~A" ~Ar(3l)01<) - [':'''t hUe.l~) i' ~A"" ~(~)J

    'Mt-le[ hlle(u) _ h~e(4COIC)J +- :'"r[ h"rtie) - "'A.. t,OtlJc.)] e, 0

    Fol" +"'~ "",_".-o'""'C, ~"'t~S He .... eI Ar.l cpO: sIL RIM Clo.blt>A-2.I). "CCll,.tl..4·~J

    .
    -~e
    t ~ if
    'i Mile
    (ie-4 0 o) ] + )C ~He [ ~
    ~
    K 0 0
    M",. (Ie· 3 ) J ~ 0

    Of"

    le- 400
    0+-
    x (Ie- 3 0 0 ) =- 0
    Ml\e. M~..r

    400(~)
    400 300)(
    + + aOO)(
    Mile, ~ Mile
    (1. )
    Te = :.

    -'-
    Milt.
    + ..L
    MAr
    (NAr) +
    HH~
    )C

    W.~e SHe (-i-06ICJ IbM') ~ ~Ar $Ar(~DOI<I 1&,... )


    - (~Nt Sile ( 'e) !:lilt.'lb.,.) ... .:-",. SAt- (Tt J ~4"" 41.1')] "'" <7'Cv

    12-48
    Ff<DBtEJ-t 12·3 B (UMt 'c1.,)

    SiJ."ee 'JA,., + YU, :: I , ~K' = 1-':IAt' )o..V\& E-J./rVt lie. ~ To <SeN/ ..nHe.' TLuAs
    ~
    ""Me
    :. T. {~ [2 L
    .ti He. ~
    0
    Te -
    400
    ~ (1- ~ Ar )]... x E. [.2 ~.:!i - fJM.:JIt
    M,w. '2. 300
    ]
    r .)
    7 (3)

    10 ~ .. cI '<fAr, no-h'ce. +"..,+ 1"" .......s t fyAch'o..,,r Of He. 4 .. cI A,.. l", .,,,( fx"h'~
    """'ll """".. ~ o..l'e. J rup.th'Vf\,

    ~f)tI~ ~ ';"~e ~t4e. .... J..


    ':' 1+)(
    ~lt\ilC (I+'()~tfe

    Ctl'\~ ) 1\\" :. ~ X w,tlt. Jt


    ~ ::
    --'"".", (1"''Ill'':'~e. I+~

    -n- e, '"'v . . . 1#« .... of ....olf't of /ole A .. d A.... ,'", A

    n~t. :
    ,/O+'/.)
    ) V)AY" ..
    'ri I (we.)
    M~ MAt"

    'T"'.... ~

    'a"'.......
    V\M~ ( (I+lt) ~I\"" )
    (+)
    ]=
    ':'
    (--l--- • ~
    "Ht -+ '" """ (I~) Mtie (1ft) ~",.

    rk. daJa. tor ~ ~Wru( plots are ohla"l.t~ kSl~~ IT,; a.S fc 1l6()Js :
    IT Code Edotd I mdotHe = To * (A + B)
    mdotHe = 1
    =
    A (Rbar I MHe) * (2.5 * In(Te 1400) - In(1 - yAr»
    B = x * (Rbar I MAr) * (2.5 * In(Te I 300) - In(yAr»
    =
    MHe 4.003 II kg/kmol =
    yAr x I «MAr I MHe) + x)
    MAr = 39.94 II kg/kmol
    To = 300 II K IT Results for x = 1
    Rbar = 8.314 II kJ/kmol·K
    x=1 YAr = 0.0911
    Te =390.9 K
    mdotHe + mdotAr (1 +x) * mdotHe = E 1m = 214.6 kJ/kg
    =
    Te (400 * (MAr I MHe) + 300 * x) I «MAr I MHe) + x) d He

    PL.OTS~
    400 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 3000 - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

    2500

    350 - ~ 2000
    --
    ~
    ~

    Ql 1500
    I
    ·E
    300 - --" 1000
    ·w
    500

    o 50 100 150 200 250 o 50 100 150 200 250


    x= m 1m x= m 1m
    Ar He Ar He
    1::-1\...Hh.uh.t~ Q)<,~7<!v, Is;. a.l{oLU"d +of/o.......- ,'",+0 0... ,oCJo'ft~+",,,,~) ;h"h'~II;;
    LJ'IJe"
    :J () N L ) VYlr>'
    r,
    w/f'- L I -the. prl?srure •.., +~ +t'l.lA.lc. C<.cltt..'eves 0.... spec,j,-ed
    vetil.< e )w~ -rt- \e-pe(",,",~e ~ -tt-. +-,,,,,,t:. .AA "",-,-",,,, f Co '" d"lIu,," +.
    F 1 tV 0 : De. +e. ... "'" I'" e ( L\. )-+ N.. ~ U' ., l 02- of t-::/ e VI H> ... ~ .> (h) -+ t.u. ~ a:-+ fro.. VI !·I--~·¥
    S:C~"i'MA I Ie "\ G I v ~J...J DA 7"1 :

    OJ.. £I. t looof-t.$ +t:,..",t. /


    7ou~ :2Dlbff,'n'l- t",o'h.d/1 f,lled wd£"
    N«. <l. -t 7o"FJ S Ibf/ih"L

    ASSUMPTION;;: (,) h>.,.. i N C - 0 .", -jv-o I lie I .......... e s ~ ........., "v\ +t.<e f. ') IA" e , W c.v c. 0.. (2.) 14-E'''-+
    +e"IA.'for . WIt/.." sv(rovT\.d.·~,S' lM"'t;"~~I"S -+~ -ht"t: <:'ofd·~t.,fl' 0..+ 70"r-. (3) /UN/h'c-
    ,.....

    Cu'\.d eo+ewh"t €/-tlUjY effah are Vle5"511>Ie (4-) 'l:«.<:t.-. PUJ{' LO""-(l<>'1f,,7 het,.urer ~I'
    AV' Ide,,- \. <'jtd. The ~ Iv. r-e 4d he rn-fr; T~ ·ide...1 '<'if /A.<..cde /.

    ~ VIa.. -a, '"J-CO.f37et)"=- 1,7rtt> Ib,,,,,,l (0'1)

    ~ ~o ::. &:l. ~ \(t- 7st> l611......{) ." S'-. 2. (. l\do.l)


    2. lb......k) ~

    01. e"1k ..{ ......0 o-: C0",.b... t~""'1'---"'ft.....u... (!3D"~)) \1'\0'1-. i~ c.Ol1s_tant.T.Il....::j '·Ylte~l'''h't.>V\
    TlI.e", I •• "'''"''-
    ji'U5
    G)c." + Y\o~ ho:z-(T) ~ 6Jcv =- ~t.r ,'" - Vlo~ 1-, O~ ("T)

    -I
    I -- -(
    ~
    --I
    - . Co ll e c. h"'t\J

    ~c.v :.

    !. To ~"'-ln~'''' *"-'- feVVlp-<r-ah-t« u..f ~-300~) -tl--L qp..fUj,/ e)rt/..j,,,.,,


    ~ ~ +ra. ... tf--.-- ex-o.c+{i W1tttCt-uc.' riA-<.... ,""'''V"S)I €VI+4-IVl,j /of ·f--wU/ U-.>o.J<:..

    17.-50
    'PROSLEM I ~,40
    J::.NOW"". A", i"'r"'l .... cl,l r",ci t-co.",~ """"'n'AIly co"'d........·~""J ~(" ~ .... I~t..t..-v\. t~....,,~.,(I,tu.~
    o.""d (l-"JHI..V < ..; ce .." ,'\f"t.-k'" to ~ IAt"jC Itt"srel CC1Y\~",-,·.... , N2." A.t"" 0 - ~
    +e ""1~ r "d~", ~ a. 1'\ Q r--u ~s u. (e , IV I ~ :J e "" 14 A II ~ cl i"'cI 1- 1,,-", " '7b +t.... '"'fa '" ~ )
    j;\

    .fdr~·",) C\", hr - t..J'2. ~ ~,n~ 4.:t "1j p.


    FII'vD: PloJ Ta.",. p "'~ru.s +""- 4"'-lJ.,J, 1J'2, ~ ~ +-... /(:,

    T,,= 3001<
    P, -: \bar
    'l\Af'~ \ ~~I

    +- '" ~ vol.u ~ ~ IU ~.l'\ S ~+o.M.'


    ~~" .. o\ o.f t-'1. 1M +0... "" f,'", .. t1y

    V: V\Ar· RT(
    P,
    ': l ~Ar-+ \'lN1.1 ~T ~
    p
    p-= ff L\ + ::~][ ~, 1 0)

    ",,"e~ p ~ 4b4<.r,
    Mus 40'd. t.lI\ .V"~ ~ b ",\",,,( (> so J\.O c:l /,4ce +0 ~ i v-e (~.s~ Co. 4-.4 )
    A"UC" :. htoJ~(T,.,z.) V\~~
    ur
    {l!'Nz.~""1.(T) -r rt~W"~l\,,<'T)1-l........ 'U."rCT,>] ~:: h,.,1. (7,.,.) Vl~4

    ~"'z. ~Wz.(T) + YlArt. I·S-R cT-7i)] ':: -hfoJ'Z,. (7A1,..) Y1,v2.. ('2..)

    S"A..,,\e.u.lc,,-lA.n·IM~ (..uk .. ",- V\tJ2,. ':: 0.'2.. ~_I 16,.. ('l.) f\A..l-d.t WI,",- et",,-\- ~"- "T~A·2..j>
    (f).~.JtMO') ~~",(T)+ QIc:.~I)O,S")(· g . ol'~:"~.l')("'T -?oo)l<.=' lO<2F-...t)(14~8~~)
    (0- 4') u.,.., cr ) + la.'lTI T ': "s':f..'S K~
    '\. J.. ..,..~ A~1.J cla.~ ) 1= 400K . 'T1o-.t ..., r.,,, C,,) r~
    Sol"iV\j i'~A.<\'l""'\ V'11 ....... I

    p~ (J bAr) l \ + ~:~ 1[~::] ~ I,e.. b,,(.

    i~<Z. ~ ~ ~ r e-~~eA plch. ~ ~eJ It.Sl\r.j fWL.\o~l.>"'IMj $'\~rle IT ~'.


    IT Code IT Results for nN2 = 0.2 kmol
    p1 = 1 II bar T = 400.4 K
    T1 = 300 II K P = 1.602 bar
    TN2 = 500 11K
    n_N2 = 0.2 II kmol
    =
    Rbar 8.314 II kJ/kmol·K

    p = p1 * (1 + n_N2) * ( T I T1)
    =
    n_Ar 1 II kmol
    n_N2 * u_T("N2",n + n_Ar * 1.5 * Rbar *(T - T1) = n_N2 * h_T("N2",TN2)
    PlOTS'.
    620 - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 4---.---------------~

    580 3.5

    540 3

    500 2.5

    460 2
    a.
    420 1.5

    380 1

    340 0.5
    O-f--,---,--,---,--,----r---r ,.--,--..,------!
    o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
    n (kmol) n (kmol)
    N N
    2 2

    No1e ....
    • As f"lore. N;&. is \\A~au,eJ) ~ 1>('~su,re Q.MLl ~~ bot\A. \ \Ac..(eASe..
    • ~ ~ -k~Ye. 1~,(l2~ 40 \I~ 'f1u;{~ ~ +ka.. ~e 0{'
    fk \I\·"tfoe:J~ eu.kAA~~1du.4.1o fLou:> \.Oo'"~ .
    • Wk-eu. "'~~ r.ea.d\es . 1.13 k~ol) -t'W2.. f(,~SlA.'(e ilA ~ ~ re~ 4 10M"" ~
    t1M. rproce'>s ceases.
    PJ20BlEM 1"2,41
    KN. OWN ~ A s +rep.W\ of dry t:{ 'r a.."t. 300 te) 0, I /VI P<'\.. eYl fer.' "'- de y, ce: ofJ'2 ,"., h "'J
    at s~ dj -s To- -t e A" d '" 5'ep4.r.l~o/ ,,,10 pure. OiL/ N L Stv-eA.WlSJ €,«(L.,
    ~t 300 K. J 0, I ty P." Ope"..",-h"'j <J.d·..... a re pr ov . de d '
    F/I0Q: Uefer.....,,>'IC' If -th.e. c...(t</;...,t> d Luor-K- '''''P 1.A7 VA tue: C.<'{p" I:;-e c.e)J'~ct,

    SCH<Z/Vlft TIC. <t\ G f ilL II) DATA

    AIr- Goa..
    jc/ O, 2.1
    '300 t< .. (;J • f M P,,-

    '3-t-JI..:' 0.711 l.:l NJ-


    JOO/<=/ (J, I M p~

    W<-v ~ - j 2. 00 /<.::J)i<-I«C i (a. r )

    A<;;:~UHPT'ONl: (I) TJv; Co e. rrv I VOlu"'1<" 5'M..v<-&~, rs ",,-t S~<O/J <s~tc.. I....<.-dt.-.

    1t\f'~itJ.loie ~IVIJ;. h'L//U'I-eH1tAI ei--0--Y5Y ef'~ck (2.) 7.d~ j«s. p'·ll/lc<,pl.er c,pply
    to tlA... CUr Ol'\-L -//ou. P\A(<:' OL)i-Jz.. ~tve.t.1.Wd --e.-x/f,~5' (3) /-k.d 7n .'l ,.q f--.--
    Wi~t1A- SVll'~vlA<:LYl1S oC<:V,"j' ~-; i;::. 3001<. (4) w<;v ::::-nooi:-J/~I(Alr)
    At0ALISI~ " Tl--te ptah is 10 ~V4lvic-le -tt..e f<> V1 n--"' py pvocLvch 0." If'a f-e.. Tk,.'.!
    r e 7 v lV~ r -r-~ k.e. <\. + tv- .11-\ ( 0-- y- tl. f-.e, Ac Le-rcL''"5/ '1 tOe .,L c .f-, o '-" G 0.. 11. e t.v2--1-5 '7 .....~ Ie:
    b,,(c..lI\(e J've!" 11'\ fe,W\( <If V\A<-·ia. ... f-G . . . . r~f-!.r
    .

    ~ 'jN ...
    ,
    _!~ \l.t~l
    ;

    0-- ,(9,v'
    -- -
    "IN':'\I
    -+ \011,'( )
    'r\Mr v\ A' ..... I

    -tv JI~ (Q"v :: W<:v :: _1l..Do/C- J


    -""III r: VI .......... /CW-c i(""'")

    0-0-

    ~o,,-(1j 'jo z. P)~Si)IC~P)j ~


    + -...r
    -'R ~ jo,-

    o{'
    G/c.v/-:'A,r + P: C Ij "l... h 'j0l- -+ 'j Nl.. .Q.." ~,v s: J
    0:" -:.
    h"'tV'"
    z:
    I/:>
    11.-<::>0 i<-:] I j<.M.o I -+
    ¥,J11 [
    0.2.1'<""'"
    J
    0.2 1-+ 0,7'1 t..... 0. 7"7 J
    1.00 ~

    := (4,0 0
    4" ). 73) lC-.J {iC --{ • r:

    .- 0<173
    IAcUlv-cL<'''j 1'-1/ s, "-C.-< c:rc V

    L.6d<\vWt ~ v',,-ti'~ .

    J2-53
    l<t-:lo",",N ~ 1)0.-+ .... 001"C, p .. ov,'de d -fo.......... I!ev~·c~ op.eret.-h·"'j ""+ ~~ .s+-.-k.
    +"'--t- S<-po.rc:>-+-et ....... \;\.t\.hJ~-...l 'jA.S i~to c:..0""""P0",e~-k.

    F I~i),. 'Plo+ -f1- ~I''''''V''''' +t..-ro't h· ......... pO~l;#r I'V\r~ V.el"S'C04S y) ~ VV-Le..
    ~-.e h 0,,", 1 C'2. H,-

    SC44~M~'TIC r. G,fl/5'A./ DA71'1:

    CO_itO"' .... t ~tt" rr-.c.f'I'oll\


    TlJ2€ I
    I I
    CJ.!..
    C'a.Kc. Y I
    I I
    Co H~ l-~ "lj:. 'l.oOC I
    P -:.1 ........ I I
    J c, He.
    t.;;;;:
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    ITCode
    sa1 = s_TP("Air", T1, pa1)
    T1 = 520 sa2s = s_TP("Air", T2s, pa2)
    phi1 = 0.75 sv1 = s_TP("H20", T1, pv1)
    p1 = 14.7
    sv2s = s_TP("H20", T2s, pv2)
    p2 = 100
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    w = w_Tphi(T1,phi1 ,p1)
    sa2 = s_TP("Air", T2, pa2)
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    To =520
    Wdot I mdota = (Wdots I mdota) I eta_c
    eta_c = 0.8
    IT Results for Dc = 0.8
    ha1 = h_T("Air", T1) pal = 14.51 Ibf/in.2
    ha2 = h_T("Air", T2) pa2 = 98.68 Ibf/in.2
    hv1 = h_T("H20", T1) pvl = 0.1945 Ibf/in.2
    hv2 = h_T("H20", T2) pv2 = 1.323 Ibf/in.2
    ha2s = h_T("Air", T2s) T2s = 894.4 "R
    hv2s = h_T("H20", T2s) '1= 0.008~41

    pg1 = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T1)


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    = -91.98 Btu I Ib(da)
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    \ cv a
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    pa2 = p2 - pv2 d a

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    ~ ~

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    t
    "1" wI" tTi) "T ( I +w) '4 ] ~

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    \0..... (T, ) - h..(T&.l -t' W( ~3 ('To) - "'., (Td )
    H-eA:>

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    ~ ~o ~ )1..+ I.O~;S'Z. (30~.1.; - 283.54 +D.oo 3S1. lZSbS.3 _ 2520,5)] ~ IIO:~.:; Ii- ~;:I"~
    -;. 228.' '(VIIs 4 ~

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    ob-\o..lMu( l-l!>\""~ IT ~ ...ee l.ul~ ~e vtt.lues ~\VeiA We..
    A +"... ~ "'.4"""'3 6. ~"'o ..... votu .... ~ i .. ,·h.,tr co .. t-,·..s I~.~ l<..~ o~C()t.o. .. c:I
    O.OS" 1<, of e.u~i ...... V#.por. t: lS'°c.l 15' btv. The -I....t. <:0",+*",+: "'eo
    COO(fOci. -fo woe.
    +,,~ "'~ ..+ 1r.... r f~r.

    S-CHE MATtCo iI <;1111; N »,oIl 7A:

    r -- ~I
    ~
    I
    I
    I I
    CO:l,) I
    I
    I
    I H')OC,) I M C' " n.,) I<J P
    I I \'W\v = 0, oS ~
    I I
    I I T1.:' 7J) °c
    I-- - - __ I

    A S$UMPr 10 NS: (I) As ~hol.O"" ":1 -Ike Q,CCO , ..."':J ''''j lll'·e.) t~e sysf~'" ,'s tl,~
    "" fr.,
    f"O\k.. c.o",f .. ",h. C2.) T"ef~ e, r ~ '""0 c:: , fOJ I· .... b'lll..-ht. o~ pcl~.,fl~1 tl1e,.,y.
    (3) The. 'lAS ~''lC~'''~ beh• .,f'S olU''''' ·d~ ...1 jar, (.oI,·f.,t»e,l-\ COM4fo",~.d tA,q,L,tr'!:1
    to tc..e. D A I ~~ lModt t.
    At-JAL.'r'SIS: TI,~ ~,.st s1'!.f "$ -+0 de+~'It4I"~
    OCCvrJ'. A.r If. co""/e"",s.,ffo",
    "''''~ -+T>+.. I VO(IJW\~ cf +ilte -t-... ",/c. Q... ~ -t".. +0+.. ( &o&o\e(J'r of w .. f .. r: prese",t
    ~r~ ~o~~ttl.l'\tl +I,~ IN''"t~r lJf"Id.erJ0.(!.! Q. CoKsf... "",1 Sp~c..·ft·~ vo/vlIII\~ Pro(f"r.I
    0.\ ~<. +o.... .
    ~ c..o"""f"",,,,"s tll'e cooled (.r~~ T-v cLc'..,,.... _). The. sp~e.•fo·~
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    I:>."'....... .e'" ~~ _.. d~OOC. Acu".<L.· .. ~I'1.1 "'Ii\~ r c. ,'s ce .. d~"" .,,·o'" l", ..,""'-S C41t!.

    ""',0.[~(T2.-) - t:~(T, ) ] (I)


    :: M '~t.
    -r. ~'~d il'Iv't. & ... d ~wa., "'-Oit. t l.... "f f"~ 111.. /.,.., 0 1 """'<- fw,,·pk&sc 1,c,vl'G-V'1'0l""
    ~l~ ""~C • of WA h t' .t +", -1\ ..... , II--. tot ts
    '11. -VI 7,.0.00 -O.OOIOOlr 0,1 C1(, I
    ~= Vg -"T :. 57.1«\t -o.OO(O~ 18 ':::
    Acc..)W·d...·"'~lO J ~"1.:' x~ MVI ~ (O,lt({Pl)(O.OS) ':.O.OI1~ l ~. $"1 ""Wl.,:O.O!.~(pq #C"
    Re.lv~""",~ to E',.(,) 4"\ d us,''''j clo..-#-... fo- 7..bl#s it- z. a~rI A-2-3

    ~:: ~~~~\) (CD 1~9 - &111) +[ (O,On~l)(2qO~,q)-{().oS")(2~7S.q)+(O,03~(oq){~3.qr)]

    -4S1.19 +r'iI,S'l-('2...~.Clo+-;l,ll{l=- -S1I:~k.T'"


    t0ote: 'I.h -+L..~ ·hY"-=>+ ?('iV\till\~ t!>f +"'e (:if~ ecotlCYl) t.~ vY')((5S of wcxfer- vapor waS ~;v"'~
    \\I\c.Df'r'E.'C+lj CA.S O.oS \£.5' ~Q (O\frec+ Va..tu..e.. Or
    0.05 \c..s i~ used \~ tlA.ls ~otu+·CoV\·

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    kia. t' ~c.LNA.V\~'C r l-t~ If·;"'", 011_ ""s~ CI\-'\. p-t-ad.acn '·""5 0'--'\. +(...)(.. . .
    d)/A.-Q r. cLR a.""" d \.0\..0 .r"t- ~ I ~ f-tc vn ~J CIYl -t'f- 01-t...4. r.
    p(#-.:)'D: ~W&M..~ +v--- ~)\' ~CAJ v:C1.+c. fJ{- ~ /AA4:>1S'f ~l'" .str~lM .

    SCt-Kf--(l"\,'C ':, (;.ft/'i:.1J D;\T~:

    HOlst A-ir
    J[~f';;~ ~-----~'1i=IOO"F"
    ~/=30% ~- E ?=h ~h\b~"ClIo"\ produci-s : {' 7·1 % COl.) 4.3% oz..)
    T.ii -.. IJ '=- 800 OF; ~:: I.. ~
    14-·3 %H?.C1 7-+. 3 r~/.J'Z.1
    -+=200 fl F (A V-)3::: S' +t'3f.r

    ASSUMPTfONS: (I) -n.- C,c)",'"h-ol VDI ....""'- 3l-""",,,,,,, i...,. -tkA. ~9\A"4it t~ 4+ 3~cl~
    ~"",--k. ('to} 'Fr>r~ c~h-t>l vd(;~1 Q.t.V:=-C)) v?el(=-O) leI ~·c./~+tt",-h·.....,( .Il~'ti
    ~t.n e".,... ' - ij~) o.""",t\~ is - ,Stj~~ ~~3I.4.r~ c::Lr"}O ""'- e....f'.sv !j~ •
    ("3) T~ c..e..... l.:>u6h-. ~ oLue"h o--l ~\A.--oISt-Q.''':'' (ll.c!~"t6-ft...-'Da Ltv.... /.l-clck...t.

    A~ALYSI SO: A+ :::. ~., oJ"\ ~~ \M..4ss "--'-~ b r"~o..~ ~I '= 1M en) ~vt ':. iMV1.
    -.1 a VlCJ.<:l
    o.~~ w..3;' ~ 4
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    ..)
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    \ ~ t.e """,-l.,,,,\,~1o'\ooo.. r-- c:Lu e.-t-~ v.)

    ;13 = ~\f""')5 :: <b\f7.1 6... o{=tr/,s X+.7'f..144 lbf/ f I l.J :: 0.0054-4 lb~1
    ~ ~ Q..~s-lC.fc.rt j(ltbO°,e) .s

    ~~CA"l'\j Cl.V\ ~~3'J ('Q.~ ~f4-'LA""

    o = ~o. \..(~"" cvh~) I - ( h",-f. w~a )2.] - V\3


    rL'jCO':L"
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    ,.,~

    <:X I Sl.....u.. t.oJ) -::. w2.,

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    W\Q.:' --=~-------------------

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    ~(:d520"'1<)= 1:1.4.2.76.\1..1 1b
    ~ 'v-es cOa. 02.. ~u N~
    "'A- ( S(,O ott): 133. i"G..
    y o.cfyl c·o~~ O.. 14~ 0.7+'3 n.,......l~ A-~€

    ~ t l'24 0 "R) u, ""I ~oq7 ~3~- B,SS',


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    hl'-'o·~) S)J"S 4j Sll f 5;2.Sll 4J~t" A\So p ,:-<f>IP"!.I=- O.3 0 (.2. 1u IPf/i ,,1.) -;:.
    } "I II o. 07''?~ Ibf-
    '::1A~ -4'1,1 _\Q3.&:. -"'73()'{) ""311'1· ~ $0 u.:r -= .102'2. (0. 076'1) i~ ....
    (T·p~ O.()7t.~tt)
    ': 0.003.1

    . o,oo~44 [ 4" I.", ~ lq!.<,+ 710 "'t !171'.ro]


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    i2-i8
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    Dehr""'-t'.. e. t"j -the. re.[.-h vc. l-1 Vi'I.-«.'cL.· ~ a to the.


    (C) t""'- ('Gth ct e",fv0(l'y pr c due n 'on.
    SCH£(\1ATI(: ~, GtV"LN DATA:

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    too"c
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    4>, = SS'% I I .'to"e
    .
    (A'oJ-)/ -= 0.3 ....
    ~J
    .I I I
    '_. --- '~------------ S

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    <:'o\".\vo\ vo1ulM-< <:1:2.'-11 =0 ",,,,<;} K,'vtenc.( pofr:' ... ft~1 ehe-;>,Y .... f¥-c..-k. tAre Vte~·5Ib l e .
    0) TN. jAAo\~t a..,r a.clherer tx I',j~,,-( ~4.[ ~ f-v...re. pv.nc.:ples.

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    ;"<:t....'"IoAf, x,

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    Ie ~ -= (0,62.2.) (In.. ~ 1'1/1.. ~ R-I ~
    P, .. fin Ii - Pill. 1',,- Fj

    (l.c.~"''''''''':'h) 4'~ = f'1('l.lp~fJ~) ~ 0.0379/1.014 = O,b'3'7 (3,7%)

    (b') l'(edv"""'J .:i....


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    "'"
    (

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    SCH'}:fVlATtC ., GfV'iNl>I'\TA

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    ASSUMPtiONS: (I) ll-u coV\fv(.l1 II'D(uvt-te i: 0. L S-/-t=.......d) s(-...,fe.-, (Z) FOr -tA.Q C"vo.fy~ I Vl'J1c..JlMe

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    0..<1 ~e V'e.f tv ...·cJ e fA. ( j ~J r:," CA.·pl es. (4) 7"-0. p-cesrccr-e 'J o.t: (a. t:.......
    I V VI I PoYVV\,

    ,AtvAL-'1'S'IS: Mass ra ie: b~(a.n('ef red.-t..,(i:: -tv "Ve. W.a.I=.M<l~=-';"a..)"\;'VI=W,\l2.+~3o


    IhMs) er:.,3 = M... (().T, - tJ:}J.)' C e- i col»: 1->"'.9

    0>,'" 0.1.>2.2 [ <:PI Pff' ' ] = C;l,GU [(O,(,,)@,6q~8)] ~ 0.018"2.(, /11(v)


    P-ct>1 P'ijl 14.7- (j.4-1'l3 '''(a)

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    I

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    M

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    of (b.Ob'14Y0431JU

    ,
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    -4-----
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    PROBLEM 12.G?+
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    J
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    SCt-i'l.Mf-\TIC ~ ~ (Vr t0 DATA~

    li~200C

    <P, ~43%
    l
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    ltv
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    Vcl{uw-<> Wcv':CO al'\. d ~tM1l'<:./fJ0fe",-h~ €J1f'r;y .e~fed' are l1e~jtble . C:l)Tt-A..
    \A..<.o,st 0..,,' ""c::Ltte/E's iZJ ide,,1 ~tH ~fure pr,V\.c'ples,

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    'W. VI
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    ~t:O Pj - PV 1 ~ l'\P<f'i PHI:: f. o 132S-(o.43)(O. 023Jif) =I~003'2. btlr:

    -&'0-,= ~I["")I:: (j.,1I)ct.( = C400'WlYtiYI.00J2f.,.to'~/ ...~) := 1074.'1 1<9 , ""'1. = b .=O,OD4("5/'5C!)


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    W t:. 0.c.2.1- [ C·O I i'18


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    Tke",,-
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    't'T) o- 0'" i'!' -

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    w' -:. O.~1.l. [0.2.1'''.]


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    J= O. 0' I 0 I/o U,(v)
    lola)
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    (01"1'''r - ,8.08

    'SOIIlI ....) e., 11.'13 .ft,. Pl'


    p~:. '"' P = (0. 007b )(,1/.",.) e. 1174 U't/,... l...
    O.Co'\.l.-t Coo O·lr,U of 0.0.7(,

    12-8'2.
    (C) ~(;J i&. fi 5 tA.(~ A-Gt e..u n... ~ cL....~
    I 1 p~"" (0.) J 4'= 4-4-%)
    l4.J =0.008'1 t:..,h)/~, c«),
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    W :: o.oo"f S Ib(lt) I '~(4).
    Cd ) IT Solution

    T_a = 24 1/ °C
    Twb_a 16 /IOC =
    =
    P 1.01325 1/ bar
    w_a = w_TTwb(T_a,Twb_a, p)
    =
    phi_a phLTw(T_a,w_a, p)

    IT Results - Part (a)


    ~ = 0.435
    co = 0.00807

    T_b=751/°F
    Twb_b = 60 1/ of
    P = 1 II atm
    =
    w_b w_TTwb(T_b,Twb_b, p)
    phLb = phLTw(T_b,w_b, p)

    IT Results - Part (b)


    ~ =0.4124
    co = 0.00759

    12.-$ :3
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    pr

    p =1.01325 II bar

    T_a=30IloC T_c = 30 11°C


    =
    TWb_a 25 11°C Twb_c = 20 11°C
    TWb_a = Twb_ Tphi(T_a, phLa, p) Twb_c = Twb_Tphi(T_c, phLc, p)
    =
    w_a w_TTwb(T_a.Twb_a, p) pg = PsaCTC'WaterISteam", T_c)
    h_a = ha_Tw(T_a, w_a) pv = phLc * pg
    T_dewpt = Tsat_P('WaterISteam", pv)
    IT Results for part (a)
    IT Results for part (c)
    h, + roh v = 76.13 kJ I kg(a) pg = 0.04246 bar
    q> =0.6706
    Pv = 0.0169 bar
    ro = 0.018
    q> = 0.398
    T dew point = 14.86 °C
    T_b = 30 11°C
    phLb = 0.6
    w_b = w_Tphi(T_b, phi_b, p)
    h_b = ha_Tphi(T_b, phi_b, p)
    TWb_b = TWb_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)

    IT Results for part (b)


    Twb = 23.83 °C
    h, + roh v = 71.15 kJ I kg(a)
    ro = 0.01605
    Fl~D: u.s."",.,t't--. rJ1''1e~,.....dYt·c. c:.~lrt) ~:Le~t'jA,A,.(~
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    T...."
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    C4l ) Tot> = scoFf Twlo ~ 70°F

    Tc1.w :: G. 5' . s-et F


    J:rf
    (10 ') Tcilo =SooF, 4>;: 7 0 %
    tv ';: 0.01S3'"

    ~4-+<.v~a '= S;~I S~/lb(A)


    .cvb = '7::2·S r
    ~ ) Td" ::. SoDF) T..... lo -:... GsoP
    cp::. 4$""'/0
    W-:. o.oocr't
    htHw~(,: 30 t ..... '/Htt)

    Cd) US'I-1J JT -F-r (lh+J co , (10), (()

    p =1 /I atm

    T_a = 80 11°F T_c = 80 II of


    Twb_a = 70 11°F Twb_c = 65 11°F
    Twb_a = Twb_Tphi(T_a, phi_a, p) Twb_c = Twb_Tphi(T_c, phi_c, p)
    =
    pg Psat_T("WaterISteam", T_a) w_c = w_TTwb(T_c, Twb_c, p)
    =
    pv phLa * pg h_c = ha_Tphi(T_c, phLc, p)
    Tdewpt = TsaCP('WaterISteam", pv)
    IT Results for part (c)
    IT Results for part (a)
    ~ = 0.447
    pg = 0.03452 Ibf/in. 2 co = 0.009739
    =
    Pv 0.02114 Ibf/in. 2 ha + oh, = 29.84 Btu/lb(a)
    ~ = 0.6124
    Tdewpoint = 65.46°F

    T_b=80 11°F
    =
    phi_b 0.7
    w_b = w_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)
    =
    h_b ha_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)
    TWb_b = Twb_Tphi(T_b, phLb, p)

    IT Results for part (b)


    co = 0.01539
    h, + coh v = 36.03 Btu/lb(a)
    Twb = 72.39°F

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    0:. ~c.., ~ ~ LWt... "'a' .... \Mv "'VI J - C.1oJ....~A'\.~ ":'v"'v'\.1

    or

    .. U~ ,( -4·'\ ') =-4g..,., ~


    .0/1'1 1 1 M " ,

    J1-4 I
    Qc.v:: ~ [(kAO+I.»l..f\\.. - ("", -+ c.-oJ...!), ]
    ,~ ....
    Fi'~. A·q C 5' v U ~ .. """1)1.::: '-7.) 8f,,{/6CA) o... d ~A", 1.»"'1)' ~ 12.2. (3~llb(A). Acecr<L.:~~I'a

    ... Q c... :. (J.E.... ) [ 2.7· '3 • :n .


    \1'011'1
    l.J :: - 4-cf· 4 ah-
    lh
    "~r---------.--------
    ~

    (6. ) IT Code
    T1 = 82 II of
    Twb1 = 68 II of
    =
    mdot1 10 Illb/min
    T2 = 62 II of
    P = 1 II atm

    II Check for condensation.


    =
    Twb1 Twb_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    pg1 = Psat_ T('WaterISteam", T1)
    =
    pv1 phi1 * pg1
    Tdp1 = Tsat_P('WaterISteam", pv1)
    II Result: Tdp = 61.03°F
    II No condenstaion.

    w = w_TTwb(T1, Twb1, p)
    h1 = ha_Tw(T1, w)
    h2 = ha_Tw(T2, w)
    mdota1 = mdot1 I (1 + w)
    Odot = mdota1 * (h2 - h1)

    IT Results
    h 1 = 32.24 Btu/lb(a)
    h2 = 27.34 Btu/lb(a)
    =
    co 0.01148
    T dP1 = 61.03°F
    m = 9.886 Ib/min
    a
    ~1= 0.491 0--------- ~,
    Q~ =-48.39 Btu/min 1--------- Q~

    /;2.-q 2
    "tJo!P~: {).peV'~~
    J.o.k (U·~.. pl"ovide.l1 for a.. ~u~\difle,...a:r sfe~ s-hde..
    E.lliQ: USIV.,.q -klbJe. tfa.fC1.) de+erw"j.,c (~) tWa kte..t -tra.I\sk..- from --fMe MDt'S+ a.ir, o.Mci
    (b) #.e a..Wl"U.~t of witter coV\k",s(.t{, e..1\.C.~ fer Ic.j t>t c:lY"~ d.i~ floWl·"'j.
    ckeck. +fAe. tes<,dts Df fO¥'l-s (a.\ ()N.(). (10) U.S\·~j (c) tke fS~C.~roMe-lYic.
    C~rt, 0M4 ~J U.5'·",.9 IT.
    Sc~MM'lC i 6rl\leJV j)~A: C-CD01.·",.g eoil

    1; 2 35 °c
    ~
    '==f==j--'--- -
    I '
    I
    L
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I~
    S a fur ()(fe.J
    ctir 4t H1CC
    p,-.:/ aIM 011

    ',=50 %
    : "<-L l
    o ~~@> ~de"t4lit-
    <tt 15 DC
    ® .
    s"''''r.... i ... '"v;c/ ij

    ~~SIJMP"TtO"'S: (I). T"< Co...trol VO.l": .... r ~"-ew .. i ... +"'-(. Q.C.C.O"'PA"~'·~ f,,~r~ '-s cd- Sfh.c1.:;
    ~+...-\e ..
    \,01'-+"- We.v-:"O Cl",d ...... ~'.J/" flf~ctr 6} ~,It('Iy·c. AM./. po~ .. I".' "11~",'t. ('2.)Tk~
    .... 0\3"" 0.. ••,. A+ ~ ,'~ "",*"r .. +~d • T",c e.o.. d~ .. s .. tc.. ~ 1 ts 0. r."'~ .. ,.~J. I,·,v,'d.
    ~) Prc.rlvrc. r e: .... a; .. l' COMr+,,,,,.t ..,"''''' ..Sl...• ...:t ",,-to 1-.1 .
    AIJAI-,.~It·.lQ)A+ S+e....d , S+'..-t~ """-""U' r4\f, bftl .... e er ~iv~ ~"lI:.IoI4~n.~ht-.. ",...d
    -':'y\ ': ~y1. -+ ~'N • Tk'-\J,I .. ,,~ t'Att w ..... ~,.. ,'t COMd ... ,ul pc.r IItll'j '"""'31 --/ a..., q'·r ,:r
    .
    ~ .. w,-w1.' (,)
    ~A.

    To+ilhl:l W, .U.St. rv,:' ~l fjl~) ':.(o.S)(O.oSb'28) ... 0.02.8l4 T~.V\


    - l
    11.(4'(".

    O.O'2.~h4] - kcrv'
    w, - .~1-1.. 1.0,'H,5- 0.o~814 - 0.Ol'11, .~
    S\V\ce ~Q. W\O\st 0.\( is So.'hA,V'Q.""e.J elt 2., Pv~: r;(T~) =. 0.01'105 \Qa.'t", ~V\.J.
    eo : .(g"Z.'Z.[ 0.01105 "\ :: D.O\ofoS ,,-,elf)
    " l.013'2.':> - 0,0\'051 "-'3'~)
    These "o.llAes o.r~ v\oseLj +~e S(A,~~ ~~ ob}o..,·Wl.(.l f-ro"", F,'j A-q. sll\bstitlA.h~j l'Ii\~O Et. (I)

    ~w :: o.o~".,-O.~IDl9S -:.0.00111 ~(v)~ ~


    M~ ~(~ ~A
    A+ $4-e... d'1 &+,~c. A."\ ~lI\er,y rA~C. \:)#o..IA.l'\c~ r~<lut.r +0
    -r"
    o
    0-:. m~" + l ....,. '-'41 -t "'VI "VI J - (~ . . "~'),, -t ":'Y't ~v~ 1 - I.Z. w "'.1
    Dr, l.oI,·"k &,. tl)

    -Q e.t _
    -
    (~cn. _ \0\" I ) + too_ h 11 - e..t. '" t I ~ (W,- W1.) h.f3

    ~ i.ees lIS -15] +- 0.{)\Ob5(2'.SZ8,Q)- 0.0\1" (2.5"5.3) or 0.00'11 (~2.q~)

    : -ZOd + 2.b.'\3 - 4S.SQ'" 0.452 ': - ,?>e. ~\ ~1t1'o.) o l I I ! I 4 l - - - - - - - - - - - - ~


    J ""Q,

    J 2-q 3
    (l.) I '" ~e F6~C.~(,o\NIe.tv~c. c~ r-r S'c>ll.I..+t0"" ) +l..\e eV\e~~ lj rMe. ei~+l~""', €f'( 2.)) +6-.keS
    ~e. ..fo'(M

    ~V'" • (h", l' to hj l, i' ("',-w~) hi.


    (1...1' whj l. -
    frOM ~,~ A- 'I:, (ha, + W h5 ) I ;:' SO." k~/ ks c"-\ fAMet (1,4 TW lt g /1. ~ 42. rrIIctj CD..)."T1u.<.s •
    G.~t ~ 42.- 80,b + O.'fS2. ~ - 3B./S .....Il-- Qc 'l
    ~~ M~

    (0.)
    ITCode
    T1 = 35 11°C
    =
    phi1 0.5
    T2=1511°C
    phi2 1 =
    T3 = 15 11°C
    P = 1.01325 II bar
    mdota = 1 II Assume a unit mass flow rate.

    w1 = w_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    w2 = w_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    h1 = ha_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    h2 = ha_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    psat = Psat_T('WaterISteam", T3)
    h3 = hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0)

    mdotw I mdota = w1 - w2
    =
    Qdotcv I mdota h2 - h1 + (w1 - w2) * h3

    IT Results
    w1 = 0.01775 kg(v)/kg(a)
    w2 = 0.01066 kg(v)/kg(a)
    h1 = 80.66 kJ/kg(a)
    =
    h2 42.02 kJ/kg(a)
    h3 = 61.93 kJ/kg(a)
    m /m = 0.007085 kg/kg(a) .c:-------
    ....
    w a
    Q 1m = -38.21 kJ/kg(a) ......f - - - - - - -
    cv a
    PROBLEM I~'T~
    /<ft,JOUlN·. S~d't op-e ...." ''h·Vlj d.A.~ 4r'-c.. 1>ro~. «eel -fo". ~ c:Jehu.-...·d..t'fr·er--.
    - s-l-.. +-c
    ':,rvp·. (..(."'",,,1 +.. J./~ d.+-..) d «. -k ","""",'",e. (A.) .... k.t f\.4.b. htJ tT'.. I1S fer f r - ~ 1J
    ~"'Ch'~+ Q,.,'r") Uo) -f"'" A...:b. I.AJ ....,.• .,. t s co ... d-tl'ls-ec:J. te) c.~~ I"'\U~ u..,,'lo'\' ~
    Pf'1 cv.....olo"'o\~ fv,'C c..v.a. v" t ' (d) C I.#~ ~ ",-In LA.r.'I1., 'Z T.

    \(f-)owN: Op~(',,1'l'M~ dQ.-f.o... r~ prt:>v,'t:led for "" d~ItI1/,"'d"f.·e,... do'" s+eAdy ~+ :te. ..
    FI/VD: t)~ .. ~ ....... ,.-e +k~ he + fyll,.rf~'" -Fro .......... ~ .... o'st <\' . . . . . . . . d -tkt. rc..-te..
    (.VI. te r 1.6 c.ot\d e M$.e el, ...'" +_ r ",-",cl 1"/~ I res~ee *' vel..,.
    SCHeMA'TIC
    •

    ""'1'::111./[
    1j: 80·F

    ""/4 t ..
    I
    r---'cr
    I
    I ..
    i:
    '
    ~IVG'" J)~7~:

    : : - -

    ~
    - - -
    .......-ee.I.... ~ c.o;'

    - -
    ,
    1
    ~
    I..
    I
    S4 ........ -Ied .... o,'s't
    A f r o.'t: Tl =
    So.F

    ~,:7D% I "'~7 ,
    cD <D @
    4O.. tle"rAfe - SA f\,r.. 4e et
    1;1".·II .. t. fiO·' Ta.,. 1j
    AS'SvllAP"CON'1: t.) -rk.~ Co .. 1vo/ V"UM4e ~hO\N'" I'" elce.. ....,,""';1.·", .,f.', ,.ve,
    .,.~
    is 0.+ ste .. s. h cl, IN,'t... W~y~O A ...c1 "e3';".'~ ~4.f.cetr
    of. t.;.. ~ft'c. a ...cl poft,,-n... ,
    ~",er~y. (1."\ ,. e ..... 01$+ a,,.. At ~ ,'s 'Q tv .... .,.~tf. Tke c.o ...de ... SA"f~ ....t 1 I' S S"~::I.
    urA.t-~\\ \",v;~. (3) P"uslAl'e re"""Al'tl c.onst~t'\~ +"''''OlA~'''OIl't"'lt I"'t ......

    Af.)AL.Y'S'S: A+ sfu.d" \t... t~ -.o...u t'ah "AtA"('~.l' ~ivt. ~CllI:' \M",l.= ~~ Q.",d

    ~"I~ ~Vl.-+~\y, ~~$I i"~ f"A.h wAhr ,'r Co.. d~",,~cI per ""it ......Ut 'f CII .. , <ill,', l'.l

    ~ -.:. <Al,. w~ U)
    ~

    To f.... d (..I. J U4~ p"" e, ~, P, (II): 0·7 (D. S073) : 0·3 rrl lIDff,·,,?'· (""-eo&.<,

    W, -_ O. (,,'2-1. r o. '3 srI ] _ o. 0 I No ~)


    L 11-. (dI " - c.3rr, .. 1\0(4.)

    s....e e, ..... ~ _.,,. 4,... «s SA +-. ..... +~d 0. t '-, f\.'&.:. P, l7a.): 0.'-" 0 If~fll'" \.. J a.... ~

    c...,. -- o, ,..U.. O·,i e 0


    [ "'.6.!G._ o.t"1~
    J :: o. () 0 7b '''~v2
    Ib fA)

    VAlue!
    , . .....1. f-. c.....", "",d l.oJ~ .u~ C.lo,e.''r of"'.. .r4l....(" ... , o",~,· ..ed .fro- "9. A-CiE.
    SVb~-n'N-h''''j ,'V\1b 6,.(1)

    O.o,N - 0.0076= 0.0078 Ib(y)


    .I,t<t)

    :. ~ ::' o.ct~- llo(a)


    I· 01.)""\.1 ~

    Q,v : (~41.-"41) W'I,.. "1'- - c..., ~41 -+


    ('t. )
    4- (C».-£u:a.) htJ
    "",.
    w,.f1.... <!..p~ O.~1: a.... /I"·o~
    G?ev o.~ .. (5'o.eo)'" o.oo7f> (foil.l) - O,O,S'I(IO'tG..4) T 0.60"78 (1'a.O')
    _ , . 'L. -+ S. '&.'3 - It.. ~t + 0.' "#-:: -1r.71 Bn./lh(a)

    r.:
    \....
    IS'.?I a l-v.. J[o. q i)' uot<l)]
    \b(.) -r.
    I I +OV\ •
    J,oo 8~/Jt,.o ...
    II ::~ I- (A.)
    (el 'Sa il'\sp.e-tr OY\ 0 of- Fi~. A-'E:) Gu,:: O.O/S~-) 0, OO'T' )
    w,a,:::' ("'q,+ w I, a.), ::'
    i,.I, BJn./ £b(~) I (h~ .... ....,'h 1) a. ~ ~.'l.. 13 h.-./l.bt A ) . ~ S I c1' (,1) 1''¥-&o
    ~ ':. ~,- ""'"..:: 0, 0 ~=H3 ~ ~~ A~ e.u.c,11 W.'i'""- ~ -l-bl~
    ~e:-.. IIc:lG) , C!
    /U":J ~.. n........r- f' ~""'Y" "'5 E1 · l'l.) to ~et
    ( ~c'i..:. ..) : (, ~A + twL..a)1- - (~~;, e.u "'d) I -t:- l w, - WI.) ~)
    ~ "2.0.'1. -'''H... I -'to 0.14::: _IS·"c.'S+"'/lb{Cl)

    Tt.-:..s oJ k1 A r..u-a e.u I -h- -tt-.. ~ ~UJ....t I U ~ f' e C ~ c.l •

    Cd) IT Code
    T1 = 80 II of
    phi1 0.7=
    T2 = 50 /I OF
    phi2 = 1
    =
    T3 50 /I OF
    =
    P 1 II atm
    mdot1 =
    1 II Ibis

    w1 = w_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    =
    w2 w_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    h1 = ha_Tphi(T1, phi1, p)
    h2 = ha_Tphi(T2, phi2, p)
    psat = PsaCT('WaterISteam", T3)
    =
    h3 hsat_Px('WaterISteam", psat, 0)

    mdota = mdot11 ( 1 + w1)


    mdotw I mdota = w1 - w2
    Qdotcv I mdota = (h2 - h1 + (w1 - w2) * h3) * (60 1200) II tons

    It Results
    0)1 = 0.01539 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    0)2 = 0.007624 Ib(v)/lb(a)
    h 1 = 36.03 Btu/lb(a)
    h2 = 20.23 Btu/lb(a)
    h3 = 17.67 Btu/lb(a)
    m = 0.9848 Ibis
    a
    m = 0.007645 Ibis
    w
    Q = -4.628 tons
    cv
    {(NowN: ~foc."..d't-S7'--k. CJf'4.,--.-h'rt., d ...+~ o.t'< Prt)vidAc::l f'-- A'" ~,',.... CQ",t:L.·,j,·Q"ter
    e.v~..".... ""- .s-h.., '? ' t (\.C ~"e" ~,,- ~ ~ 1.\ t "",..... I lU~ C"~ ~ +WJ"" L--o • .tad .
    f.!.!::...E: 1).e ~.........: lI'A (4) -tt....a ~..." ~ .. +- y e IIf -1-...... ""...... e ~i.j,· "'5 -J1-
    q e it v - ' ... oft&1"'.1
    c.t,j -t'- V'#'v~lv.·~ .f-<.w ~ -..:I- ~ a,'1"" co"lck'hol1er It'\l~tl ec.) +-~
    ~k w,..~ t4 c.o"",d c ~~d A",d (d) -r-'- ~f.f 'f h.(~+ -IrA."'! fv To -re- -....;-
    r"'SS'llo'\~ t"-voCo\.Sk. ~ ~~~'Kj v"""t,
    'SCWT""I\"tlC ~GII/~tw bl't7A

    Cooling
    coil
    Heating
    m; . coil
    lr-- L _ ------~
    I I I
    I I I
    Moist air : I I P3= I~,.y
    1¢2=lOOO/O I

    ;:lSOG
    rna' I
    : : T 2<T1 : '3=2lf -c
    ft-:.lb.,. p= a~
    10)2<0)1 : "*"3= '!-O %
    1
    ---f-!> --j--C>
    (\>.-:.10% :
    I
    I
    I I
    I
    I
    I 0)
    I I I
    I I I
    1 I I
    I I

    Condensate -
    saturated at T2 T2 T3
    (Dehwnidifier section) (Heating section) Dry-bulb temperature

    °
    AS roM P"'t ".H·. I· T~ <:..A>lo\.h--ol volu"'-te.r ~~~ ~ 0-::&- &~ i~.
    1)..., ~i\! IW~ lMf ~c:.\.vclad ...;~ c..~M( ""'.t..v~ e~, .. "';1 ~ +~ "~c:!A'v\~ •
    sec-ii "",. '2, Nv ..... ~ C-cM.+to1 V'OtllWlol J We" ~ 0 4~ll .J:c...·~h~ ~ P.D~....l
    (lli'oH'a"\ ~ ..f+c:.t1 L.A..... ~ I ~ cl. 3, ~H 2 J .f'i-. ......, rt- ~,;.. &.0 SO ~~. A-f 4-
    f"-' A..4,V : c:I...; r *" ~ V ",..l:a ci 0 J 1i. .J

    A.~Ac.."r"~'S': ~+ S'~y &'~)~.rr r~k h ... LA.I-1.000 01~ IMQ.I z: ~q,,1. -:. .M.~= ~o...J
    ~"l':. W'ow+ lM.\I'a.) \MV1.:::''''''\13· Ac~~c:L..·~J Wz.c.~.J I (:\'M,o:t

    MW ~ MQ" (""1- """a. ) :: ~ ... ( WI - ""3) (., )


    P~BLEM L2-7(; (~+cJ.)
    $olVL'~

    Cp",,-C T1-~ ) + w7".l1,l. _ w, '-1a I -+ (w l - w'\.) L.,1'1.

    c- ,,--ro~.s ) , ~ II ~:!'::'~ I
    =
    ( \.oo~1 tt·c. -1.8'1 .... 0 .OOlS"tb{'Z)l~·~) - D.O,,,=,ql(~2.~ + (0.00''1-)(40.1:1)) ~(A)
    = Stf·i"1 't<.dV.)/~Y)

    F\~Lt'l ,a..., c ~11 ~ k> "(A..., ee ~ ~ ~.".., i-'c.. -h ~ ~ u.o


    .p, ~ \to-(.

    (f; e" ': ""'I>. C<1i4'3- J1tu) -+ cu'3 ("'J 1- "',1.) ]


    -:. S'f-&I [(t.OOS" )(~'I-tj. f.) -t I.Oo't~{C. (2)\1.$. 't - 2S(~. Db) 1
    - <{04-. I

    12 -f~
    ?t<.ClSL. ~e ra :='-f
    t::-tuowN: S+c..oIy - S1-4~ 0P-C"#l.-h· tt , d4..-fo.. 4r~ prove ded for 0.. CO~ He .....
    -tot {o wt'c:L
    b GW\.tt (J.f-J-q r ce () I. r.
    t= I IV D: ~ +-"-""""",'"",,,, (A.I ~ ~ 1
    N~ -tv-AKt ~ :ff"D"-;-t...... C'-O~ s.t CIr --ft,
    i-h .r\A(t'ov""d...·"'r J (~) +k.c. MAU -:f<:.w ~ ~ cOl1. .. -k J (c) -t~ 1. ue""s
    ('A.~~ 1 h-a.-t *,,"'s~ fr-..... T~ "'-1St 4:1,':' ~+c...e. r~ f'y1,-er4.",1.

    'SCt+~ lo\J\"'C , C;, ve N 'I> A7.-\:

    Refrigerant circulating
    in a cooling coil

    T2 = 400°F Aftercooler
    P3 = 100 Ibflin 2 3
    2
    Air-water vapor
    mixture
    T 3 = 100°F
    ¢, = 100%
    P3 = 100 Ibf/in"
    Saturated
    liquid at 100°F

    Power in " Heat


    --+ transfer to
    IS hp the surroundings

    Atmospheric air,
    100 ft3/min at T 1 = 90°F,
    CPI =75%, PI = 14.7 Ibflin
    2

    ASSUMP,'oNs: (I) TI1e. Ctl_p'~sro" o....cl II1f+~,.c.eole'(' ope r:.,,+e.sot; s+eA.cI:1 st.. fc. /A.....,,,
    ",e~l.srb'#- l:."'-,..... ~~J ,..... /c....e.,·'- o... c:1 p6h .. t-,·.., e..e.". ('2.) ''''erc I'~ "'-0 ~n--...y he...t frA"-
    sfe,. b~hv,f'e", +I{t. "'f+erC4>ole~ Q>tel i"~ s .... ,.o"..d "II\,r.

    ANAI..YSIS: M o;:te ... d:l s ......fll. \MASS: r-..+«.. bAI..... t • .f 0'" c:.o",hl VOIUMeJ .e.... <:lo,,..,, ""'' c.
    co""pr~ssor A"d o.t+.rc.ooler "'~e ~I-=~."'~~-: ".:, / ..:.",'" ~V'L.J ""'v~:: ~v~+~w.
    Ac.c.... .l...'...~I~I W, = w"\.. 6-"4 "':"W/~A::' (Cu:a:.-e,.,,3-) ("""l. - "'.,31
    To f....d W, Q." "-' GlU.3 J PVI = 4>, ~I:: (0.7\ )(O." q ~~) := OS2 .. , IbiN,,\. o.",,j Pv~~ +3> '9..:
    Pt.?> = c. QSb3 \\>f '; ..' 1.. , .........£

    1...1, ~ O.b'Ll rL o.~~'4- l ~ ,


    . . -) )-
    0.0"''' lb(v)
    ~
    c.o - o.c,1.L. ~ tl.~'S'b3 l
    LIft> - 0.4 70S =O.oo)Ct7 ~
    llo(A)
    1.....7-0S\.Y.' IIoC")

    T"e. _o.sS' +'0 .... r- -\~ oFt-"-ce. c:l.~~ ....,'" ~_bc. ~V .. I"A+~d uSi",S.,,.,«.. Vil(u .... e,.,..''c..

    ftC)"", ("0. ~~ .. -t:- \ . +"e. ":olt.o..\ j6.." «"C;l.I4h·0", of s~ .. i «:


    3/
    (AI("'), _ [1

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