Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Oladokun Sulaiman
OBJEVTIVE
• General:
• The highest voltage approved for use in marine electrical propulsion
system 6.6 KV.
• The ship is equipped with high voltage of 6.6kV with 3 phase 60Hz
neutral insulated system.
A) Bus bars:
• Made form high conductivity copper having sufficient cross section
such that max tem rise is 45K
• All bare areas are coated, plated with tin to protect against corrosion
• Color markers provided to distinguish between phases
C) Earthing:
• For earthling the switchboard to the vessel’s hull, earthling bars and
terminals are provided through out cubicles.
D) Characteristic
• Rated voltage 7.2kV
• Service Voltage 6.6kV
• Rated Frequency 60 Hz
• Rated insulation 20 kV RMS (one minute)
• Protection Degree IP32
• Busbar Current 1250 A
POWER GENERATION
Consists of:
• Emergency switchboard
HVMSB HVMSB
TG2 TG1
DG
HVCSB HVCSB
6.6/ 440V
6.6/ 440V
SC EDG
CONTINUED
PORT STBD
HVMSB HVMSB
TG2
TG1
DG
#3 BALLAST #2 BALLAST
#1 BALLAST
PUMP PUMP
6.6/ 440V PUMP
LVMSB LVMSB
HVCSB HVCSB
CONTINUED
HVCSB HVCSB
#2 CARGO #1 CARGO
PUMPS 6.6/ 440V PUMPS
LVCSB LVCSB
#2 COMPRESSOR #1 COMPRESSOR
PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR DG & TG
• STD LTD
• Over current
• Earth fault
• Phase fail
• Low current
• High current
• Arc fault
EMERGENCY SWITCHBOARD
SC EDG
Essential consumers are being feed by ESB such as steering gear, control air
compressor, electric whistle, UPS for IAS, emergency fire pump, etc.
During blackout, DG and EDG will start up, and if DG ACV fails to close then EDG ACB
will be closed.
OPERATION
• Synchronizing: PMS shall select which generator to be synchronized to the bus and
then the synchronizer unit (installed at MSB) will control the motor, checks the voltage
and frequency, then gives breaker-close signal.
• Frequency control / Load sharing: PMS shall control the speed of the DG or TG in
order to keep steady bus frequency.
• Balanced / Unbalance Load sharing: PMS has two modes of load sharing where all
generators connected to the bus having the same load or for the unbalanced mode,
the load set points are to be decided by the operator.
• Load Dependent Start: PMS will check on the load power (consumer to be started)
and measure the load on each generator. If available power is insufficient when
starting any load. PMS will start the standby generator.
• Blackout Monitoring: If blackout occurs, the PMS will start up the Diesel Generator
and connect it to the bus.
CONTINUED
• DIESEL GENERATOR CONTROL:
• With the DG in standby mode, it shall start automatically when;
C. Blackout occurs
D. Low voltage on main busbar
E. High voltage on main busbar
F. Low frequency on main busbar
G. Low/low frequency on main busbar
H. ACB abnormal on running generator
I. Over current on running generator
J. Both boiler trip or low steam pressure at turbo generator
• For condition B, C and E the generator shall start and connect to busbar after the
TG in service ACB has tripped
• All necessary mimics and controls are being provided inside IAS.
• Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB) are being used for the bus tie and generator
Panels.
• Vacuum combination Contactors are being used for the ballast and cargo
pumps.
CONTINUED
• HV CARGO SWITCHBOARD:
• Cargo switchboard is equipped with soft starter for the cargo pumps.
By pass switch is provided in order to start by direct on line.
• Soft starter panels are provided for each port and starboard cargo
switchboard.
CURRENT CURRENT
TIME TIME
Torque control: is the most efficient way of starting motors. Unlike voltage and
current based systems the soft starter monitors the torque needed, and allows to
start with the lowest possible current . Using a closed loop torque controller,
linear / ramp control are possible.
Current control: the voltage ramp can be used with a current limit which stops the
voltage ramp when the set maximum current level is reached. The maximum
current level is the main setting and must be set by the user depending the
maximum current allowed foe the application.
POWER GENERATION
• The three phase output of the exciter generator is rectified to direct current
by rectifier circuit, also mounted on the shaft and then fed to the main field
winding (rotor winding)
CONTINUED
• The switchboard is designed with many interlock keys. Therefore, knowing the steps are
essential:
• C) Turn the other key to enable the handle for mechanical earthing switch to be inserted.
• G) While the compartment is in open condition, turn the key off and bring back to front panel to
disable the mechanical earthing
• H) Confirm that the pump has no residual potential by using potential detector.
E LEAK
RP
UB
UV
OC (I/T)
OC(INST)
L ROTOR
E LEAK
G G G G
6.6 KV 60 HZ MAIN SWBD
OC(INST)
OC (I/T)
M M
UV OC(INST) OC(INST)
UB OC (I/T) UV
E LEAK E LEAK OFEQ
OTEMP UFEQ
M M
• Isolate power
• Issue EPTW.
• The copied permit signed by the responsible person usually has at least 5
sections with the first stating the work to be carried out.
• The next section is a risk assessment declaring where isolation and earthling
has been applied and where danger/caution notices have been displayed then
the permit is signed as authorized by the Chief Electrical Officer or Chief
Engineer.
• In the third section, the person responsible for the work (as named in section
one) signs to declare that he/she is satisfied with the safety precautions and
that the HV circuit has been isolated and earthed.
• The last section cancels the permit with a signature from the authorizing officer.
E-Motors
Power converters
Electrical ==> Electrical: power conversion or transformation
• - Fixed transformers
• - Controlled converters
• - Static converters
• -Inverter
Structure of a combined power
plant for ships
Electric Propulsion System
• Electric propulsion of ships has been know for a long time to human
• Dynamic changes in human discovery has given several up and down in
history
• Recent time have seen a a lot of Passenger ships being built with all
electric system for various advantage that over the conventional prime
movers
• Early large passenger vessels employed the turboelectric system which
involves the use of variable speed, and therefore variable frequency,
turbo-generator sets for the supply of electric power to the propulsion
motors directly coupled to the propeller shafts. Where, the
generator/motor system was acting as a speed reducing transmission
system.
• Electric power for auxiliary ship services required the use of separate
constant frequency generator sets. System with generating sets to
provide power to both the propulsion system and ship ancillary services.
• However fixed voltage and frequency system are suitable to satisfy the
requirements of the ship service loads.
Shuttle Tanker Electrical System Layout
Shuttle Tanker Electrical Line Diagram
Drill Ship Electrical System Layout
HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• Because to open the contacts against heavily loaded spring will take
a lengthy breaking operation.
• For air of 0.2 mm thick DS 5.75MV/m, for 1 mm thick 4.46MV/m, For mica of
1mm 61 MV/m
• Unlike other circuit breaker a rapid re-strike free interruption of the arc is
achieved.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• When an alternating current is interrupted by the separating contacts, an arc
is formed by a metal vapour from the material on the contact surfaces
• And this continues to flow until a current zero is approached in the ac wave
form.
• At the next instant the arc is replaced by a region of high dielectric strength
which is capable of withstanding a high recovery voltage.
SHIELD
METAL BELOW
FIXED CONTACT
BOLT
MOVING CONTACT
BOLT
CERAMIC
INSULATOR
ADVANTAGE OF VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
• COMPACT
• MINIMUM MAINTENANCE
• NON FLAMMABLE
• NON TOXIC
• LIFE- 20 YEARS
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
SF6