C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG I

M U
Bi 1.1
lm th nghim thy lc, ngi ta y nc vo mt ng ng c ng knh d = 300mm,
chiu di L = 50m p sut kh quyn. Hi lng nc cn thit phi vo ng l bao nhiu p
sut t ti 51at ? Bit h s nn p

p =

1
at 1
20000

Gii
Lng nc cn thit phi vo ng p sut tng ln 51at l :

1 dV
dV = p .V .dp
V dp
1 dV
dV = p .V .dp
Do dV , dp ng bin nn : p = +
V dp
Ta c h s gin n do p lc :

M th tch

dV =

V = S .L =

p =

.d 2
3,14.(0.3) 2
.L =
.50 = 3,5325m 3
4
4

1
.3,5325.(51 1) = 8,84.10 3 (m 3 ) = 8,84 (liter )
20000

Vy cn phi thm vo ng 8.84 lt nc na p sut tng t 1at ln 51at.

Bi 1.2
Trong mt b cha hnh tr thng ng c ng knh d = 4m, ng 100 tn du ha c khi lng
ring

= 850kg / m 3 100C. Xc nh khong cch dng ln ca du trong b cha khi nhit tng

ln n 400C. B qua gin n ca b cha. H s gin n v nhit

t = 0,00072 0 C 1 .

Gii

m
m 100.10 3 2000
Khi lng ring ca du ha l : =
V = =
=
117,65(m 3 )
V

850
17
H s gin n do nhit :

t =

1 dV
2000
216
dV = t .V .dt = 0,00072.
.(40 30) =
2,542(m 3 )
V dt
17
85

.d 2
4dV 4.2,542
.h h =
=
= 0,202(m)
M : dV =
4
.d 2 3,14.4 2

Vy khong cch du dng ln so vi ban u l 0.202(m)

Bi 1.3
Khi lm th nghim thy lc, dng mt ng ng c ng knh d = 400mm, di L = 200m, ng
y nc p sut 55 at. Sau mt gi p sut gim xung cn 50 at. Xc nh lng nc chy qua
cc k h ca ng ng. H s nn p

p =

1
at 1 .
20000
Gii

H s gin n do p lc :

1 dV
.d 2
p =
dV = p .V .dp = p
.L.dp
V dp
4

Page 1 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

dV =

1 3,14.0,4
.200. (50 55) = 6,28.10 3 ( m 3 ) = 6,28 (liter )
20000
4

Vy lng nc chy qua khe h ng ng l 6.28 (liter)

Bi 1.4
Mt b hnh tr ng y du ha nhit 5 0C, mc du cao 4m. Xc nh mc du tng ln, khi
nhit tng ln 250C. B qua bin dng ca b cha. H s gin n v nhit

t = 0.00072 0 C 1 .

Gii
H s gin n do nhit :

t =

1 dV
dV = t .V .dt
V dt

.d 2
.h
4
.d 2
Th tch du tng ln : dV =
h
4
1 dV
h
t =
=
V dt
h.dt
h = t .h.dt = 0,00072.4.(25 5) = 0,058(m) = 58(mm)
M th tch ban u l :

V=

BI TP CHNG II
Page 2 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

THY TNH HC
Bi 2.1
Xc nh cao ca ct nc dng ln trong ng o p (h). Nc trong bnh kn chu p sut ti mt
t do l

p 0t = 1.06at . Xc nh p sut p 0t nu h = 0.8m.

Gii
Chn mt ng p ti mt thong ca cht lng.
Ta c :
M

p A = pB

p A = p0

p 0 = p a + .h
p B = p0 + , h
p0 p a (1,06 1).9,81.10 4
=
= 0,6 ( m)

9810

h=

Nu h=0,8m th

p0 = .h + pa = 9810.0,8 + 98100 = 105948 N / m 2 = 1,08 (at )

Bi 2.2
Mt p k o chnh thy ngn, ni vi mt bnh ng nc.
a) Xc nh chnh mc nc thy ngn, nu h1 = 130mm v p sut d trn mt nc trong
bnh 40000 N/m2.
b) p sut trong bnh s thay i nh th no nu mc thy ngn trong hai nhnh bng nhau.
Gii
a) Xc nh chnh mc thy ngn (tm h2) :
Chn mt ng p nh hnh v :

p A = pB

Ta c :

p A = p 0 + H 2O .(h1 + h2 )
p B = p a + Hg .h2
p0 + H 2O .(h1 + h2 ) = p a + Hg .h2
h2 ( Hg H 2O ) = ( p 0 p a ) + H 2O .h1
M

p0 p a = p d

Vy :

h2 =

p d + H 2O .h1
( H 2O Hg )

40000 + 9810.0,013
= 0,334 (m)
132890 98100

b) p sut trong bnh khi mc thy ngn trong hai nhnh bng nhau :
Ta c :

pC = p D
pC = p0 + H 2O .h
p D = pa

p0 + H 2O .h = p a
H 2O .h = p a p0 = p ck
p ck = H 2O .h = H 2O .(h1 + 1 2 h2 )
1
= 9810.(0,13 + .0,334) = 2913,57 0,0297 (at )
2

Page 3 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
Bi 2.3
Mt p k vi sai gm mt ng ch U ng knh d = 5mm ni hai bnh c ng knh D = 50mm vi
nhau. My ng y hai cht lng khng trn ln vi nhau, c trng lng ring gn bng nhau :
dung dch ru tylic trong nc ( 1

= 8535 N / m 3 ) v du ha ( 2 = 8142 N / m 3 ). Lp quan h

p = p1 p2 ca kh p k phi o vi dch chuyn ca mt phn cch

cc cht lng (h) tnh t v tr ban u ca n (khi p = 0 ). Xc nh p khi h = 250mm.
gia chnh lch p sut

Gii

a) Lp mi quan h gia chnh lch p sut p = p1 p2 :

Chn mt ng p nh hnh v :

Khi

p = 0 ( p1 = p2 ) : th mt phn cch gia hai lp cht lng khc nhau v tr cn bng O :

o

p A = pB

p A = p1 + 1.h1

p B = p2 + 2 .h2

Theo iu kin bnh thng nhau :

1.h1 = 2 h2 h1 =

2 h2
1

p > 0 ( p1 > p2 ) : th mc nc trong bnh 1 h xung 1 on h v ng thi mc nc

bnh 2 tng ln 1 on h . Khi mt phn cch di chuyn ln trn 1 on h so vi v tr O.
p A = p1 + 1.(h1 h)

Khi

p B = p2 + 2 .( h2 + h h) + 1.h
Theo tnh cht mt ng p ta c :

p1 + 1.( h1 h) = p2 + 2 .(h2 + h h) + 1.h

p1 p 2 = 2 .(h2 + h h) 1.(h1 h) + 1.h
p1 p 2 = h.( 1 2 ) + h.( 1 + 2 ) [ 1.h1 2 h2 ] (*)
Ta thy th tch bnh 1 gim mt lng :

V=

.d 2
h
4

Th tch trong ng dng ln mt lng :

V' =

.d 2
h
4

Ta c

V = V ' h =

d2
D2

h v

1.h1 = 2 h2

p = p1 p2 = h.( 1 2 ) +
Ta c :

Tnh

d2
D2

thay vo (*)

h.( 1 + 2 )

d2
= h ( 1 2 ) + 2 .( 1 + 2 )
D

p khi h = 250mm

Ta c :

0,005 2
( 8535 + 8142) = 140 N / m 2
p = 0,25( 8535 8142 ) +
2
0,05

d2

p
=
h
(

)
+
.(

)
S : a/
1 2

1
2
D2

Page 4 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
b/

p = 140 N / m 2

Bi 2.4
Xc nh v tr ca mt du trong mt khoang du h ca tu thy khi n chuyn ng chm dn u
trc lc dng hn vi gia tc a = 0.3 m/s 2. Kim tra xem du c b trn ra khi thnh khng, nu
khi tu chuyn ng u, du cch mp thnh mt khong e = 16cm. Khong cch tu di L =
8m.
Gii
Chn h trc ta nh hnh v, ta bit
mt t do ca du l mt ng p.
Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Xdx + Ydy + Zdz = 0 (*)

C : X = a ; Y = 0 ; Z = g thay vo (*)
(*) adx gdz = 0
Tch phn ta c : a.x g .z = C
V mt t do ca du i qua gc ta
O (x=0, z=0) C = 0 .
Nn phng trnh mt t do s l :

a.x g .z = 0
C

z = x.tg trong tg = a g

Nh vy mt du trong khoang l mt phng nghing v pha trc :

z = x.

a
0,3
= 4.
= 0,1224 ( m) = 12,24 (cm)
g
9,81

vi

x=+

L 8
= = 4 ( m)
2 2

Ta thy z = 12,24 (cm) < e = 16 (cm) nn du khng trn ra ngoi.

Bi 2.5
Mt toa tu i t ga tng dn tc trong 10 giy t 40 km/h n 50 km/h. Xc nh p sut tc
dng ln im A v B. Toa tu hnh tr ngang c ng knh d = 2,5m, chiu di L = 6m. Du ng
y mt na toa tu v khi lng ring ca du l 850 kg/m 3. Vit phng trnh mt ng p v
mt t do ca du.
Gii
Gia tc ca toa tu l :

a=

vt v0 50 40
=
= 0.28 (m / s )
t
10.3600

Chn h trc ta nh hnh v.

Phng trnh vi phn c bn ca cht lng :

dp = ( Xdx + Ydy + Zdz )

Tch phn ta c : p = ( Xx + Yy + Zz ) + C

(*)

C X = -a; Y = 0; Z = -g
Thay X, Y, Z vo (*) ta c :

p = (ax gz ) + C

V mt t do ca du i qua gc ta (x=0, z=0)

Vy :

C = p = pa

p = (ax gz ) + pa
Page 5 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
p sut ti A (x= -L/2 = -3; y=0; z=-d/2 = -1,25) l :

p A = 850 [ 0,28.( 3) 9,81.( 1,25)] + 98100 = 109237 ,2 N / m 2 = 1,113 (at )

p dA = p A p a = 1,113 1 = 0,113 (at )
p sut ti B (x= L/2 = 3; y=0; z=-d/2 = -1,25) l :

p A = 850[ 0,28.(3) 9,81.( 1,25)] + 98100 = 107809 ,2 N / m 2 = 1,099 (at )

p dA = p A p a = 1,099 1 = 0,099 ( at )

Phng trnh mt ng p :

Xdx + Ydy + Zdz = 0

Vi : X = -a; Y = 0; Z = -g adx gdz = 0
Phng trnh vi phn ng p :

Tch phn ta c :

adx gdz = C

Phng trnh mt t do :
Ti mt thong : x = 0; y = 0; z = 0
Nn :

z=

z=

a
x+C
g

C =0

a
x
g

Bi 2.6
Mt bnh h c ng knh d = 500 mm, ng nc quay quanh mt trc thng ng vi s vng
quay khng i n = 90 vng/pht.
a) Vit pt mt ng p v mt t do, nu mc nc trn trc bnh cch y Z0 = 500mm.
b) Xc nh p sut ti im trn thnh bnh cch y l a = 100mm.
c) Th tch nc trong bnh l bao nhiu, nu chiu cao bnh l H = 900mm.
Gii
Chn h trc ta nh hnh v :
a) Vit phng trnh mt ng p v mt t do, nu
mc nc trn trc bnh cch y Z0 = 500mm.
Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Xdx + Ydy + Zdz = 0

Trong :

2
X = 2 x ; Y = y ; Z = g

Thay vo phng trnh vi phn ta c :

2 xdx + 2 ydy gdz = 0

1 2 2 1 2 2
Tch phn : x + y gz = C
2
2
1
2 x 2 + y 2 g .z = C
2
1
2 r 2 g .z = C (*)
2

Vy phng trnh mt ng p l :

z=

2r 2
+C
2g

i vi mt t do cch y Z0 = 500mm
Ti mt t do ca cht lng th : x = y = 0 v z = z0 thay vo (*)

C = g .z0
Page 6 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
Vy phng trnh mt t do s l :

z=

2 2

2 2

r
r
g.z 0 hay z =
+ z0
2g
2g

b) Xc nh p sut ti im trn thnh bnh cch y 1 khong a = 100mm :

Phng trnh phn b p sut :
Trong :

dp = ( Xdx + Ydy + Zdz )

2
X = 2 x ; Y = y ; Z = g

Thay vo ta c :

dp = 2 xdx + 2 ydy gdz

1
1

p = 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 gz + C
2
2

p = 2 x 2 + y 2 g .z + C
2

Tch phn :

p = 2 r 2 g.z + C (**)
2

Ti mt t do (ti O) ta c : x = y = 0 v z = z0
Thay vo (**) C

p = pa

= . g .z 0 + p a

1
2r 2
p = 2 r 2 .g .z + p a + .g.z 0 p a + .h +
2
2
h = z 0 z
2
2
2
V r = x + y
= .g

(**)

im trn thnh bnh cch y 100mm c :

p a = 1at ; r = d

= 0,5

= 0,25m

h = z 0 z = 500 100 = 400 = 0,4m ; =

.n 3,14.90
=
= 9,42 rad / s
30
30

p sut ti im ny s l :

pd = p pa = .h +

2r 2
9,42 2.0,25 2
= 9810.0,4 + 1000
= 6697 N / m 2 = 0,068 at
2
2

Bi 2.7
Ngi ta c ng gang bng cch quay khun quanh 1 trc nm ngang vi tc quay khng i n
= 1500 vng/pht. Xc nh p sut ti mt trong ca khun, nu trng lng ring ca ng gang

= 68670 N / m 3 . Cho bit thm ng knh trong ca ng d = 200mm, chiu dy ng

= 20 mm . Tm hnh dng ca mt ng p.

lng

Gii
Tc quay :

.n 3,14.1500
=
= 157 rad / s
30
30

Gia tc lc ly tm trn mt khun :

a = 2 .r = 157.0,12 = 2950 m / s 2
Trong :

Page 7 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

r = r0 + =

d
0,2
+ =
+ 0,02 = 0,12m
2
2

V g = 9,81 m/s2 << a = 2950m/s2 nn khi tnh ta b qua gia tc trng trng.
Chn gc ta trn trc ng, trc x trng vi trc ng ta c :

X = 0 ; z = 2 y ; Z = 2z
Thay vo phng trnh vi phn c bn tng qut ca cht lng :

dp = ( Xdx + Ydy + Zdz )

= 2 ydy + 2 zdz

Vy

p=

2 2
2r 2
y + z2 + C p =
+C
2
2
Hng s C c xc nh t iu kin : khi r = r0 (mt trong ca ng) th pt = p a do :
Tch phn ta c :

C = pa

p=

2 r02
2

2 r 2 r02
+ pa
2

Nhn vo phng trnh ta thy p sut trong gang lng thay i lut parabol theo phng bn knh.
p sut d ti mt trong ca khun l :

p d = pt p a =

2 r 2 r02
2 r 2 r02
68670 157 2 (0,12 2 0,12
= .
=
.
= 380000 N / m 2 = 3,87 at
2
g
2
9,81
2

Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Tch phn ta c :

ydy + 2 zdz = 0

2 .r 2
= const . Ta thy mt ng p l nhng mt trn c trc trng vi trc
2

quay.
Bi 2.8
Mt ca van hnh ch nht t ng c chiu rng b = 3m, trng lng nng 700kG c th nng ln
hoc h khng ch lu lng qua cng. Mc nc thng lu H1 = 3m v mc nc h lu H2 =
1.5m
a) Xc nh im t v p lc tng ln ca van.
b) Xc nh lc nng ca van, bit chiu dy ca van l a = 20 cm v h s ma st ti cc khe
phai f = 1.4.
c) Xc nh im t bn dm ngang sao cho p lc nc truyn ln tng dm l nh nhau.
Gii
a) Xc nh im t v p lc tng ln ca van.
p lc pha thng lu :

.b 2 9810.3 2
.H 1 =
.3 = 132435 ( N )
2
2
2
2
= H 1 = .3 = 2 (m)
3
3

Tr s :

p1 =

im t :

Z D1

p lc pha h lu :

.b 2 9810.3 2
.H 2 =
.1,5 = 33109 ( N )
2
2
2
2
im t : Z D2 = H 2 = .1,5 = 1 ( m)
3
3
Tr s :

p2 =

p lc tng hp :

Page 8 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

p = p1 p 2 = 132435 33109 = 99326 ( N )

im t p lc tng hp ln ca van :
Ta c :

A
p

= M pA1 M pA2

P.Z D = P1 .Z D1 + P2 .( Z D2 + H 1 + H 2 )
ZD =

P1 .Z D1 + P2 .( Z D2 + H 1 + H 2 )
P

132435.2 + 33109.(1 + 3 1,5)

= 1,833 ( m)
99326

b) Lc nng ca van :

G : trng lng tm chn

T = G + f .P + FAC

f : h s ma st khe phai
FAC : lc y Acsimt.

= 700.9,81 + 1,4.99326 + 8829

= 154725,4 ( N )

FAC = .g .V = .g.a.b.H 2 = 1000.9,81.0,2.3.1,5 = 8829 ( N )

c) Xc nh im t bn dm ngang sao cho p lc nc truyn ln tng dm l nh nhau :

p lc ln nht khi H2 = 0
p lc l P1. Do mi dm chu 1 lc l

Pd1 = Pd 2 = Pd3 = Pd 4 = P1

P1

132435
= 33108,75 ( N )
4

Ta xem ca s gm 4 tm ghp li.

Gi A, B, C, D l 4 v tr thp nht ca biu p sut tnh tc dng ln 4 dm.

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OA 2 =
H1
4
2
4 2
H
1
3
OA 2 = H 12 OA = 1 = = 1,5m
4
2
2
2
2
Z d1 = OA = 1,5 = 1m
3
3
P
.b
1 .b 2
Pd 2 = 1
OB 2 OA 2 =
H1

4
2
4 2
1
OB 2 OA 2 = H 12 OB 2
4
1
1
1
1
= OA 2 + H 12 = H 12 + H 12 = H 12
4
4
4
2

Pd1 =

OB =
Zd2

1 2
1 2
H1 =
3 = 2,12m
2
2

2 OB 3 OA3 2 2,123 1,53

=
=
= 1,828m
3 OB 2 OA2 3 2,122 1,52

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OC 2 OB 2 =
H1
4
2
4 2
1
1
1
1
3
OC 2 OB 2 = H 12 OC 2 = OB 2 + H 12 = H 12 + H 12 = H 12
4
4
2
4
4

Pd3 =

OC =

3 2
H1 =
4

3 2
3 = 2,6m
4
Page 9 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

Z d3 =

2 OC OB
2 2,6 2,12
= . 2
= 2,368m
2
2
3 OC OB
3 2,6 2,12 2

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OD 2 OC 2 =
H1
4
2
4 2
1
1
3
1
OD 2 OC 2 = H 12 OD 2 = OC 2 + H 12 = H 12 + H 12 = H 12
4
4
4
4
OD = H 1 = 3m
Pd 4 =

Z d4

2 OD 3 OC 3 2 33 2,6 3
=
=
= 2,805m
3 OD 2 OC 2 3 3 2 2,6 2

Bi 2.9
Xc nh lc nng Q nng tm chn nghing mt gc

, quay c quanh trc O. Chiu rng

tm chn b = 1.5m, khong cch t mt nc n trc O l a = 20 cm. Gc = 60 0 , H = 1.5m. B
qua trng lng tm chn v ma st trn bn l ca trc O.
Gii
p lc ln tm chn l :

P=

.b
9810.1,5 2
H2 =
1,5 = 19115 ( N )
2 sin
2 sin 60 0

Vi tr tm ca p lc :

ZD =

2
2
.H =
.1,5 = 1,155 ( m )
3 sin
3 sin 60 0

nng c tm chn ny ln th :

M Q0 > M P0

Q
+ a > P( Z D + a )
sin

P( Z D + a ) 19115(1,155 + 0,2)
Q>
=
= 13406 ( N )
H
1,5
+a
+ 0,2
Sin
sin 60 0
Vy Q > 13406 (N)
Bi 2.10
Mt ca van phng hnh ch nht nm nghing ta vo im D nm di trng tm C 20cm (tnh
theo chiu nghing) trng thi cn bng. Xc nh p lc nc ln ca van nu chiu rng ca n b
= 4m v gc nghing

= 60 0 .
Gii

Ta c

Z D = ZC + a

hC
H
=
sin 2 sin
H
ZD =
+a
2 sin
2H
Mt khc Z D =
3 sin
M

ZC =

H = a.b. sin = 0,2.6. sin 60 0 = 1,04 ( m )

Page 10 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
Vy

P=

.b
9810.4
H2 =
.1,04 2 = 24504 ( N )
2 sin
2. sin 60 0

Bi 2.11
Xc nh lc tc dng ln np ng trn ca thng ng du ha. ng knh ng d = 600 mm, mc
du H = 2.8m. Xc nh im t ca tng tnh p. Khi lng ring du ha l 880 kg/m 3. Cho
moment qun tnh

.d 4
I0 =
64
Gii

Lc tc dng ln np ng chnh l lc d : P = .h.

Trong : hc l khong cch t tm din tch n mt thong = H
- din tch nm ng trn

P = 880.2,8.

3,14.0,6 2
= 696,68 ( kg ) = 6834,43 ( N )
4

im t : Z D = Z C +

I0
.d 4 4 1
=H+
= 2,808 ( m )
.Z C
64 d 2 H

Z C = H

d 2

Vi : =
4

d 4
I
=
0
64

Chng IV

TN THT NNG LNG

Bi 4.1
T bnh A, p sut tuyt i ti mt thong trong bnh l 1.2at, nc chy vo bnh h B. Xc nh
lu lng nc chy vo bnh B, nu H1 = 10m, H2 = 2m, H3 = 1m, ng knh ng d = 100mm,
ng knh ng D = 200mm, h s cn khoa

k = 4 , bn knh vng R = 100mm, b qua tn tht

dc ng.

Page 11 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

Gii

z1 +

Vit phng trnh cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 2-2 lm chun ta c:

p1 1v12
p
v2
+
= z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + h

2g

2g

z1 = H = H 1 H 2 = 8m ; z 2 = 0
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
2
p1 = 1,2at = 1,2.98100 = 117720 N / m
v v 0
2
1

h = hd + hc = hc =

vd2
2g

+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 1 + 2 + 3 3 + 4 + 5 + 8

d 2
1 = 0,51 = 0,5
D

2 = k = 4

3 = 6 = 7 = 0,29 . V d 2 R = 0,5 = 0,29

d 2 0,1 2
9
4 = 1 = 1
=
D 0,2
16

p2 = pa

p1 p2
=
+ h

H+
Vi

0,1 2 3
d 2
5 = 0,51 = 0,51
=
D
0,2 8

8 = 1
Page 12 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

= 1 + 2 + 3 3 + 4 + 5 + 8 = 0,5 + 4 + 3.0,29 + 9
H+

16

+ 3 + 1 = 7,0075
8

v2
p1 p 2
=
+ d

2g

(8 + 19810 (117720 98100) ).2.9,81 = 5,29 ( m / s )

H + 1 ( p p ) 2 g
2
1

vd =
=

7,0075

Lu lng nc chy vo bnh B l :

Q = Vd . Ad = Vd . . d

= 5,29.3,14. 0,1

= 0,041 m 3 / s = 41 ( l / s )

Bi 4.2
Nc chy t bnh cao xung thp qua ng c ng knh d = 50mm, chiu di L = 30m. Xc nh
chn khng mt ct x-x, nu chnh lch mc nc trong hai bnh H = 4.5m, chiu cao ca xi
phng z = 2.5m, h s cn dc ng

= 0,028 ,

bn knh vng R = 50mm, khoch cch t u

ng n mt ct x-x l L1 = 10m.

Gii

z1 +

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2. Cho mt ct 2-2 lm chun ta c :

p1 1v12
p
v2
+
= z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + h

(*)

z1 = H ; z 2 = 0
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
p
=
p
=
p
2
a
1
v1 v2 0
Thay vo (*) ta c :

Page 13 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
2

L
v
H = h = +
d
2g

v=

2 gH
L
+
d

L
30
= 0,028
= 16,8
d
0,05

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 1 + 4 2 + 6 =0,5 + 4.0,29 + 1 = 2,66

Vy :

v=

2 gH
2.9,81.4,5
=
= 2,13 ( m / s ) = v x
L
16
,
8
+
2
,
66
+
d

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & x-x. Cho mt ct 1-1 lm chun ta c :

z1 +

p
v2
p1 1v12
+
= z x + x + x x + h x

2g

2g

(**)

z1 = 0 ; z 2 = z x
Chon = = 1

1
x
Trong :
p
=
p
p
=
px
a
2
1
v1 0 v2 v x
Thay vo (**) ta c :

pa p x
v2
= L1 + x + h x

2g
2
L
v
hx = 1 + x
d
2g
L
10
1 = 0,028
= 5,6
d
0,05

hck = z x +

hck =

pa p x
v2
hck = z x + x + h x

2g

+ 2 =0,5 + 0,29 = 0,79

v x2
2,132
+ h x = 2,5 + (1 + 5,6 + 0,79 )
= 4,21m
2g
2.9,81

Bi 4.3
C mt vi phun cung cp nc t mt b cha cao H = 10m, qua ng c ng knh d 1 = 38mm,
chiu di L = 18m. ng knh b phn lng D = 200mm. Vi phun l ng hnh nn, ming vi, d2 =
20mm, c h s gin cn

vi = 0.5 tnh theo vn tc trong ng. Xc nh lu lng Q chy qua vi

v chiu cao dng nc phun ln, gi thit sc cn ca khng kh lm gim i 20% chiu cao. Cho
tn tht cc b ca

= 0.03 , h s
k = 4 ,
kha

bn knh vng R

76mm.

gin

Page 14 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

Gii

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2. Cho mt ct 2-2 lm chun ta c :

p1 1v12
p 2 2 v 22
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+ h

2g

2g

(*)

z1 = H ; z 2 = 0
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 = p2 = p a
v1 0

A2 : tit din l vi phun :

A : tit din ca ng :

v2
v 22
v 22 L

H=
+ h =
+ +
2g
2 g d1
2g
L

2 gH = v 22 + + v 2
d1

(**)

Phng trnh lin tc :

d
v .A
v. A = v 2 . A2 V = 2 2 = v 2 2
A1
d1

L
18
= 0,03.
= 14,21
d1
0,038

A2 =

.d 2
4

V : lu tc nc chy trong ng

Thay vo (*) ta c :

Trong :
V2 : lu tc nc chy qua vi phun

+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10

= 1 + 2 2 + 4 3 + 4 + 5 + 10
= 0,5 + 2.4 + 4.0,15 + 0,93 + 0,48 + 0,5 = 11,01

A=

.d1
4

d 2
1 = 0,51 = 0,5
D

2 = 6 = k = 4
3 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 0,15
d

Vi :
= 0,25 = 0,15
2R

0,038 2
d 2
4 = 1 = 1
= 0,93
D
0,2
0,038 2
d 2
5 = 0,51 = 0,51
= 0,48
0,2
D
10 = voi = 0,5

Th tt c vo (**) ta c :

L
2 d 24
2 gH

2 gH = v + + v 2 4 v 2 =
L
d4
d1
d1
1 + + 24
d1
d1
2
2

v2 =

2.9,81.10
0,02 4
1 + (14,21 + 11,01)
0,038 4

= 8,18 ( m / s )

Page 15 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

.d
3,14.0,02
= 8,18.
= 0,0026 ( m 3 / s ) = 2,6 ( l / s )
4
4
2
2
v2
8,18
= 0,8
= 2,73 ( m )
Chiu cao nc phun ln : hv = 0,8
2g
2.9,81
Lu lng chy qua vi :

2
2

Q = v 2 . A2 = v 2 .

Bi 4.4
My bm ly nc t ging cung cp cho thp cha phn phi cho mt vng dn c. (Hnh 4.4)
Cho bit :

Cao trnh mc nc trong ging : z1 = 0.0m

Cao trnh mc nc thp cha nc z2 = 26.43m
ng ht: di L = 10m, ng knh ng d = 250mm, cc h s sc cn cc b: ch vo c li
chn rc( vo = 6 ) mt ch un cong( un = 0.294 ),n = 0.013(ng nm ngang bnh thng)

ng y : L =35m; d = 200mm; n=0.013; khng tnh tn tht cc b.

My bm ly tm : lu lng Q = 65L/s; hiu sut

ch my bm

[ hck ] = 6m ct nc.

= 0.65 ; cao chn khng cho php

Yu cu :
1. Xc nh cao t my bm.
2. Tnh ct nc H ca my bm.
3. Tnh cng sut N m my bm tiu th.
4. V ng nng lng v ng o p.
Xem dng chy trong cc ng thuc khu sc cn bnh phng.

Gii
1. Xc nh cao t my bm :
My bm ch c t cch mt nc trong ging mt khong h b no khng qu ln cho p
sut tuyt i mt ct 2-2 khng qu b mt gii hn xc nh, tc p sut chn khng ti y
khng vt qu tr s cho php

z1 +

[ pck ] = [ hck ] . M theo th [ hck ] = 6m

ct nc

[ p ck ] = 0,6at .

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 1-1 lm chun ta c :

p1 1v12
p
v2
+
= z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + hh

z1 = H ; z 2 = hb
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 = p a p 2 = pt2
v 0
1

(*)

hh : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

Thay vo (*) ta c :

p a p t2
pt2 v 22
pa
v 22
= hb +
+
+ hh hck = hb +
+ hh V : hck =

2g
2g
Theo :

Tac :

hck [ hck ] = 6m ct nc hb [ hck ]

hh = hd + hcvao + hcuon

v 22
+ hh
2g

Lh
v2
=
+ vao + uon
d
2g
Page 16 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
Tnh

theo cng thc =

8g
C2

1
1
1 6 Vi R = d = 0,25 = 0,0625m C = 1 ( 0,0625) 6 = 50,4
C= R
4
4
0,013
n
8 g 8.9,81
L
10
= 2 =
= 0,03085
h = 0,03085
= 1,234
2
d
0,25
C
50,4

m/s

Lu tc trong ng ht l :

Q = v. A v =

Q
4
4.0,065
= 2 .Q =
= 1,324 ( m / s )
A d
3,14.0,25 2

v 2 1,324 2
=
= 0,09 ( m )
2 g 2.9,81

hbmax = 6 (1 + 1,234 + 6 + 0,294).0,09 = 6 0,77 = 5,23m

Vy :

hb < 5,23m

2. Tnh ct nc
H
ca
my
bm.
L t nng m bn phi cung cp cho cht lng khi i qua n, c biu din bng ct nc H (M ct
nc).
Ta c :

H = H 0 + hw + hwh

Trong :

H 0 : l chnh lch a hnh, tc l cao m my bm phi a nc ln.

hw : tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.
hwh : tn tht ct nc trong ng y.
Page 17 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

H 0 = Z 2 Z1 = 26,43 0,00 = 26,43m

2
L
v
hw = + vao + uon 2 = (1,234 + 6 + 0,294 ).0,09 = 0,68m
d
2g

Lh v 2
=
.
d 2g

hwh

Vi V l lu tc trung bnh trong ng y :

V =

4Q

d 2

V2 2,07 2
(
)
=
2
,
07
m
/
s
=
= 0,22m
3,14.0,2 2
2 g 2.9,81
4.0,065

1
d 0,2
1
( 0,05) 6 = 48,7
=
= 0,05 ( m ) C =
2
4
0,013
8 g 8.9,81
L
35
= 2 =
= 0,033 = 0,033
= 5,78
2
d
0,25
C
48,7

R=

Vi

hwh =

m/s

Lh v 2
.
= 5,78.0,22 = 1,27 ( m )
d 2g

Vy ct nc ca my bm l :

H = H 0 + hw + hwh = 26,43 + 0,68 + 1,27 = 28,4 ( m ) ct nc.

3. Tnh cng sut N m my bm tiu th :

N=

.Q.H 9810.0,065.28,4
=
= 27860 ( w)

0,65

Bi 4.5
Nc t mt bnh cha A chy vo b cha B, theo mt ng ng gm hai loi ng c ng knh
khc nhau. (Hnh 4.5). Bit zA = 13m, zB = 5m, L1 = 30m, d1 = 150mm,
= 50m,

1 = 0.031 ,d2 = 200mm, L2

2 = 0.029 . ng dn l loi ng gang dng, gi thit nc trong ng khu sc cn bnh

phng. Tnh lu lng Q v v ng ct nc, ng o p ca ng ng.

Gii

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 0-0 lm chun ta c :

p1 1v12
p 2 2 v 22
zA +
+
= zB +
+
+ hh

(1)
Page 18 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

z1 = H ; z 2 = hb
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
p
=
p
=
p
2
a
1
v1 v 2 0
Thay vo (1) ta c : h = Z A Z B = 13 5 = 8 ( m )
L1
v12 L2
v 22
+ 1 + 2
+ 2
+ 3
Mt khc : h = hd + hc = 1
d1
2g d 2
2g

(2)

Phng trnh lin tc :

V1. A1 = V2 . A2 V1 = V2

A2
d2
= V2 22
A1
d1

Thay vo (2) ta c :

L
v2 d 4 L
v 2 v 2 L
d
h = 1 1 + 1 + 2 2 24 + 2 2 + 3 2 = 2 1 1 + 1 + 2 2
d1
2 g d1 d 2
2 g 2 g d1
d1
2 gh

v2 =

+ 2 2 + 3

d2

L1
d
L

1
+ 1 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 3
d1
d1
d2

1 = 0,5 (b vo ng)
2

d 2
150 2

2 = 1
= 1
= 0,191
D
200

3 = 1 (ng ra b)
2.9,81.8

v2 =

30
50

0,2

+ 0,5 + 0,191
+ 1
0,031
+ 0,029
0,15
0,2

0,15

Lu lng :

Q = v2

= 2,2863 ( m / s )

.d 22
3,14.0,2 2
= 2,2863.
= 0,0718 m 3 / s = 71,8 ( l / s )
4
4

Bi 4.6
a nc ln mt thp nc vi lu lng Q = 40L/s, ta t mt my bm ly tm, cao hn mc
nc trong ging ht l hb = 5m, mc nc trong thp cao hn my ha = 28m, di ng ht Lht =

= 0.028 . Tnh ng
l bom = 0.8 , hiu sut

12m, di ng y Ly = 3600m; ng ng ht v y c h s ma st
knh ng ht v y, tnh cng sut my bm, bit hiu sut my bm
ng c

ng co = 0.85 , chn khng cho php ca my bm l 6m.

Gii

Page 19 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

Tnh ng knh ng ht :
Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 1-1 lm chun ta c :

z1 +

p1 1v12
p
v2
+
= z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + hh

z1 = 0 ; z 2 = hb
Chon = = 1

1
2
Trong :
p
=
p
a
1
v1 0

(1)

hh : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

Thay vo (1) ta c :

pa
p p2
p
v2
v2
= hb + 2 + 2 + hh a
= hb + 2 + hh

2g

2g
V :

hck =

pa p2

V :

L
v2
hh = h + 1 + 3 2 2
dh
2g

v2

v2
L
L
hck = hb + 1 + h + 1 + 3 2 2 1 + h + 1 + 3 2 2 = hck hb = 6 5 = 1
dh
dh

2g

2g
Trong :

v2 =

4.Q

d h2

v 22 =

16.Q 2

2 .d h2

v :

(2)

1 = 0,5 ; 2 = 0,29
Page 20 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
2

Thay vo (2) ta c :

16.0,04
12
1 + 0,028
+ 0,5 + 3.0,29
=1
2
4
dh

3,14 .2.9,81.d h

0,336 132.10 6

2,37 +
= 1 d h = 200mm
d h d h4

Tnh ng knh ng y :
Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 3-3 & 4-4 ta c :

p3 3v32
p
v2
+
= z 4 + 4 + 4 4 + h

z3 +

z 3 = 0 ; z 4 = ha
Chon = = 1

3
4
Trong :
p4 = pa
v 4 0

(3)

hh : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

Thay vo (3) ta c :

p3 v32
p
p pa
v2
+
= ha + a + h 3
= ha 3 + h

2g

2g
V :

hck =

pa p2

V :

L
h =
d

p3 p a
v2 L v2
= ha 3 + 3

2g d 2g
Gii tng t d = 200mm

v32

2g

(4)

Nng lng tng thm :

L
v2
L v2
H b = Z 4 + hh + h = Z 4 + h + 1 + 3 2 2 + 3
d 2g
dh
2g
4.Q
4.0,04
v2 = 2 =
= 1,273 ( m / s )
d h 3,14.0,2 2
v3 =

4.Q

d 2

4.0,04
3,14.0,2 2

= 1,273 ( m / s )

12
3600 1,273 2

1,273 2
H b = 5 + 2,8 + 0,028
+ 0,5 + 3.0,29
+ 0,028
= 49,6 ( m )
0,2
0,2 2.9,81

2.9,81
Cng sut cn cung cp cho my bm :

N=

.Q.H b
9810.0,04.49,6
=
= 28622 ( w)
bom . dongco
0,8.0,85

Page 21 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG V

DNG CH Y QUA L , VI
Bi 5.7
Xc nh thi gian nc chy ht mt b cha lng tr, su nc trong b H = 4m; c din tch y

= 5m 2 , qua hai l trn, l nm thnh bn cch y e = 2m v mt l y. Kch thc hai l ging nhau d
= 10 cm. Cho h s lu lng = 0.6
Gi i
Ta c

T = T1 + T2 (b qua v0)

T1 thi gian qua 2 l (mc nc t H

T2 thi gian qua l y (khong e)
T thi gian tho ton b

( h e) 2 g

Lu lng l bn :

Qb = . A1

Lu lng l y :

Q = . A2 2 gh

T1 =

H e

.dh
.. 2 g

H-e)

he + h

.. 2 g

H e

dh
he + h

Page 22 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht

H e

..e 2 g

h e + h dh =

3
3
2
( h e ) 2 2 h 2

3
..e 2 g 3
H

2
.
( H 2e ) 3 2 2( H e ) 3 2 + 4 3 2

3 ..e 2 g

2
3

H e

( 4 2.2 ) 3 2 2( 4 2 ) 3 2 + 4 3 2 = 187,1 ( s )

.0,12
2. 2.9,81
4
2...e
2.5.2
T2 =
=
= 677,5 ( s )
.. 2 ge
.0,12
0,6
2.9,81.2
4
T = 187,1 + 677,6 = 864,6 ( s ) = 1424,6
0,6.

Bi 5.8
Tnh thi gian tho cn b cha nc hnh lng tr hnh thang di L = 4m, chiu rng mt thong B = 5m. Cho
h s lu lng

= 0.6 .
Gi i

Din tch ca mt thong

= MN.L
M MN = b + .MP

MP
h
=
Ta c t l : B b
H
2
Bb
h

2 h
MP =
=
H
5
8
= 12 + h
5
Thi gian nc chy ht b l :
H2

T =

H1

.dh
M . A. 2 gh

d 2
.
2 gh
4

.65,6 = 5223

Vy thi gian nc chy ht b l 5223

Bi 5.9
Tnh thi gian tho ht nc trong b cha hnh tr trn c ng knh d = 2.4m, cao H = 6m trong 2 trng
hp.

a. B cha dng ng, y c khot l, din tch = 1.76 dm 2

b. B cha nm ngang, y c khot l, cng c din tch = 1.76 dm 2
Page 23 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
Cho bit trong c hai trng hp, mt thong ca b u thng vi kh tri.

Gi i
1. B cha dng ng :
Ta c :

.d 2 .( 2,4 ) 2
=
=
= 4,524 ( m 2 )
4
4

Thi gian tho ht nc trong b :

2. .H

T=

m.. 2 gh

2.4,524.6

= 473,8 ( s ) = 7 53,8

0,6.1,76.10 2 2.9,81.6

2. B cha nm ngang :

2
2
.dh
.dx
2 H .r. sin x.
4 H .r
sin xdx
T = 2
=2
=2
dx =

Q
Q
mw 2 g .r
cos x
r
0
0 m.w 2 g .r. cos x
2

==
=

4 H .r
mw 2 g .r
8H

mw 2 gh

d ( cos x )
cos x

8H

cos x

mw 2 gh

8.6.1,2

= 1214 ( s ) = 1844

0,6.1,76.10 2 2.9,81.1,2

BI TP CHNG VI

DNG CH Y N NH, U, C P TRONG NG DI

Bi 6.1
Xc nh lu lng chy t b cha A qua b cha B. ng gang trong iu kin bnh thng.
Gi i
Lu lng :

Q=K J =K

H
L

ng gang bnh thng : n = 0,0125

Modul lu lng :

K=

.d
n.4

8
5

3,14.0,2

0,0125.4

= 0,314 m 3 / s

Lu lng :

Q=K

( )

H
20 15
= 0,314.
= 0,0241 m 3 = 24,1 ( l / s )
L
1000

Bi 6.2
Xc nh ct nc H cn thit dn t b A qua b B lu lng Q = 50L/s. Kch thc ng ng xem bi 1.
Gi i

Page 24 of 26

C Hc Lu Cht
T bi 1 ta c : K = 0,314 m /s
3

Ct nc :

H=

Q2
K2

L=

0,05 2
0,314 2

1000 = 21,5m

Bi 6.3
Xc nh ng knh d ca mt ng thp mi dn lu lng Q = 200L/s di ct nc tc dng H = 10m.
chiu di ng L = 500m

Gi i
Modul lu lng :

Q=K J K =

Q
J

=Q

L
500
= 0,2
= 1,414 m 3 / s
H
10

ng sch : n = 0,011
ng knh :

K=

.d
n.4

8
5

K
d = n

1,414

= 0,011

3,14

= 0,325 ( m ) = 325mm

Bi 6.4
Mt li phn phi c s v cc s liu cho hnh v. Ct nc t do cui cc ng ng h
gang bnh thng. Cc s trong hnh tam gic ch cao trnh mt t ti cc im. (Hnh 6.4)
Yu cu :
1. Tnh ng knh cho tt c mng chnh v ph.
2. Tnh chiu cao thp cha.
3. V ng o p cho ng ng ABCDE.

5m. ng

Gi i

Theo nh ngha v ng ng chnh ta chn tuyn ng ABCDE v im E c cao trnh khng b hn so

vi cc im khc. Ngoi ra chiu di ca tuynl di nht. Cc ng ng cn li c coi l ng nhnh.
1. Chn ng knh v tnh cao cho mng ng chnh.
im

K
(l/s)

hd
(m)

0,92

1,042

1005,18

2,18

250

1,02

1,028

618,15

4,03

150

0,85

1,0525

158,31

2,83

on
ng

L
(m)

Q
(l/s)

d
(mm)

(m/s)

AB

500

65

300

BC

600

50

CD

300

15

cao
o p
26,8

24,62

20,59

Page 25 of 26

D
DE
E

500

100

0,64

1,098

53,69

C Hc Lu Cht
17,76
4,76
13

2. Chiu cao thp cha nc.

Sau khi tnh cho cc ng ng chnh ABCDE, ta c ct nc o p ti cc on ng nhnh cn li
(cc im B, C, D) u ln hn ct nc o p ti cui on (F, K, M, N). Do c th xem vic chn ABCDE
lm ng chnh l hp l.
h = 26,8 10 = 16,8 (m)
3. Chn ng knh v cao cho nhnh.
L
Q
Cao trnh cc im o p
K2.10-5
hd
d
Nhnh
u ng
Cui ng
(m)
(l/s)
(l/s)
(m)
(mm)
BM
300
5
24,62
15
9,62
0,865
100
DN
700
10
14,62
15
9,62
8,065
125
CO
250
15
20,59
14
6,59
10,044
150
DP
400
10
17,76
12
5,76
14,285
125

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