Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I.
MAKSUD
1. Mengenal hubungan seri dan paralel
2. Menentukan tahanan dalam (Rl) dari lampu karbon dan wolfram
II.
ALAT ALAT
1. Amperemeter AC
2. Voltmeter AC
3. Lampu Karbon
4. Lampu wolfram
5. Kabel penghubung
6. Sumber arus (variac)
III.
TEORI
Apabila sebuah komponen listrik (misalnya lampu) diberi beda potensial,
maka didalamnya akan dialiri arus listrik. Pada umumnya untuk suatu
hambatan yang biasa, grafik karakteristik I terhadap V adalah linier dan
memenuhi hukum Ohm :
V = I.R ..........................................................................................(1)
Dengan
V = beda potensial antara ujung ujung hambatan/komponen [V]
I
A
RA
~ 220 v
Rl
RV
variac
Gb. 1. Metoda 1
A
RA
~ 220 v
Rl
RV
variac
Gb. 2. Metoda 2
Dengan rangkaian seperti gb. 1 dan 2, dapat diketahui kuat arus yang melalui
lampu beberapa beda potensial, sehingga nilai hambatan dalam lampu (Rl)
dapat dicari.
IV.
TUGAS PENDAHULUAN
1. Dalam gambar (1) amperemeter menunjukan kuat arus yang melalui
lampu dan voltmeter. Bagaimanakah cara memberi koreksi bila diketahui
hambtan dalam voltmeter (Rv)?
Jawab:
Iv = arus yang lewat Voltmeter
Rp
Rp
Rp
V
R Iv
V
V
Rv
V
R
R
R
1
Rv
Rp
1 Rp Rv
= Va + Vr
V Va Vr
I
I
I.Ra I.R
Rp
I
Rp Ra R
Rp
~ 220 v
Rl
RV
variac
Gb. 1. Metoda 1
Ia I v I R
1
V
V
1
,
RV RL
R
R
L
V
NTC
Ohmik
NTC
T[0C]
R [Ohm]
PTC
Ohmik
NTC
I [Ampere]
V.
VI.
DATA PERCOBAAN
Data Ruang
Awal Akhir
Suhu (C)
25
25
Tekanan (cmHg) 68.51 68.51
Kelembapan (%)
76
76
Metoda I
Percoban I (Lampu Karbon)
Percoban II (Lampu Wolfram)
V [Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
I [mA] I [mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
V [Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
I [mA] I [mA]
260
280
310
340
360
390
410
430
260
280
310
340
360
390
410
430
[mA]
100
120
140
160
170
200
210
230
[mA]
V [Volt]
100
80
120
100
140
120
160
170
200
210
230
I [mA] I [mA]
360
430
480
360
430
480
Metoda II
Percoban I (Lampu Karbon)
Percoban II (Lampu Wolfram)
V [Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
I [mA] I [mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
VII.
V [Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
I [mA] I [mA]
250
280
310
340
360
380
400
430
I [mA] I [mA]
100
110
120
150
170
190
210
230
100
110
120
150
170
190
210
230
V [Volt]
80
100
120
130
I [mA] I [mA]
PENGOLAHAN DATA
1
V 10V 5V
2
I I
1. I
[mA]
2
I
I
I
I
I
I 20 mA 0.02 A
250
280
310
340
360
380
400
430
1
1
20 20
2
2
350
410
470
500
350
410
470
500
2. R
R
R
1
V
1
V
V
I V 2 I 5 2 0.02
V
I
I
I
I
I
3. P V.I
P
P
P
V
I I V V I
V
I
METODA I
Percoban I (Lampu Karbon)
V
[Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[A]
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
R
[ohm]
800.00
769.23
750.00
700.00
666.67
642.86
625.00
611.11
P
[W]
210.00 8
156.80 13
125.00 19.2
95.00 28
76.39 38.4
63.78 50.4
54.69 64
47.84 79.2
R
P
2.1
2.65
3.2
3.8
4.4
5
5.6
6.2
[mA]
260
280
310
340
360
390
410
430
[mA]
260
280
310
340
360
390
410
430
[mA]
260
280
310
340
360
390
410
430
[A]
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.41
0.43
R
[ohm]
307.69
357.14
387.10
411.76
444.44
461.54
487.80
511.63
R
42.90
43.37
41.10
38.93
38.58
36.49
35.99
35.42
P
[W]
20.8
28
37.2
47.6
57.6
70.2
82
94.6
P
2.90
3.40
3.95
4.50
5.00
5.55
6.05
6.55
R
P
P
R
[mA] [mA] [mA] [A] [ohm]
[W]
100 100 100 0.10 800.00 210.00 8
2.1
120 120 120 0.12 833.33 180.56 12
2.6
140 140 140 0.14 857.14 158.16 16.8 3.1
140
160
180
200
220
160
170
200
210
230
160
170
200
210
230
160
170
200
210
230
0.16
0.17
0.20
0.21
0.23
875.00
941.18
900.00
952.38
956.52
140.63
140.14
115.00
114.51
104.91
22.4
27.2
36
42
50.6
3.6
4.05
4.6
5.05
5.55
Percoban IV (Paralel)
V
[Volt]
80
100
120
R
P
R P
[mA] [mA] [mA] [A] [ohm]
[W]
360 360 360 0.36 222.22 26.23 28.8 3.40
430 430 430 0.43 232.56 22.44 43
4.15
480 480 480 0.48 250.00 20.83 57.6 4.80
ANGKA PELAPORAN
LAMPU KARBON
I I =( 0.10
I I =( 0.13
I I =( 0.16
I I =( 0.20
I I =( 0.24
I I =( 0.28
I I =( 0.32
I I =( 0.36
I I
R R
R R =( 800.00 210.00 ) = ( 8.00
R R =( 769.23 156.80 ) = ( 7.7
R R =( 750.00 125.00 ) = ( 7.50
R R =( 700.00 95.00 ) = ( 7.0
R R =( 666.67 76.39
R R =( 642.86 63.78
R R =( 625.00 54.69
R R =( 611.11 47.84
P P
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
2.10
1.6
1.25
1.0
6.7 0.8
6.4 0.6
6.3 0.5
6.11 0.48
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
P P =( 8.00
P P =( 13.00
P P =( 19.20
P P =( 28.00
P P =( 38.40
P P =( 50.40
P P =( 64.00
P P =( 79.20
2.10
2.65
3.20
3.80
4.40
5.00
5.60
6.20
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
8.00
1.30
1.92
2.80
3.8
5.0
6.4
7.9
2.10
0.27
0.32
0.38
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
[W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
LAMPU WOLFRAM
I I =( 0.26
I I =( 0.28
I I =( 0.31
I I =( 0.34
I I =( 0.36
I I =( 0.39
I I =( 0.41
I I =( 0.43
I I
R R
R R =( 307.69 42.90 ) = ( 3.1 0.4 ) 10 []
R R =( 357.14 43.37 ) = ( 3.6 0.4 ) 10 []
R R =( 387.10 41.10 ) = ( 3.9 0.4 ) 10 []
R R =( 411.76 38.93 ) = ( 4.12 0.39 ) 10 []
R R =( 444.44 38.58 ) = ( 4.44 0.39 ) 10 []
R R =( 461.54 36.49 ) = ( 4.62 0.36 ) 10 []
R R =( 487.80 35.99 ) = ( 4.88 0.36 ) 10 []
R R =( 511.63 35.42 ) = ( 5.12 0.35 ) 10 []
P P
P P =( 20.80 2.90 ) = ( 2.08 0.29 ) 10 [W]
P P =( 28.00 3.40 ) = ( 2.80 0.34 ) 10 [W]
0.4 )
0.5 )
0.5 )
0.6 )
P P =( 82.00 6.05 ) = ( 8.2 0.6 )
P P =( 94.60 6.55 ) = ( 9.5 0.7 )
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
RANGKAIAN SERI
I I =( 0.10 0.02
I I =( 0.12 0.02
I I =( 0.14 0.02
I I =( 0.16 0.02
I I =( 0.17 0.02
I I =( 0.20 0.02
I I =( 0.21 0.02
I I = ( 0.23 0.02
I I
R R
R R =( 800.00
R R =( 833.33
R R =( 857.14
R R =( 875.00
R R =( 941.18
R R =( 900.00
R R =( 952.38
R R =( 956.52
210.00
180.56
158.16
140.63
140.14
115.00
114.51
104.91
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
8.00
8.3
8.6
8.8
9.4
9.00
9.52
9.57
2.10
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.15
1.15
1.05
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
P P
P P =( 8.00
P P =( 12.00
P P =( 16.80
P P =( 22.40
2.10
2.60
3.10
3.60
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
8.00
1.20
1.68
2.24
2.10
0.26
0.31
0.36
)
[W]
) 10 [W]
) 10 [W]
) 10 [W]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
)
)
)
)
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
RANGKAIAN PARALEL
I I =(
I I =(
I I =(
I I
R R
R R =( 222.22 26.23 ) = ( 2.22 0.26 ) 10 []
R R =( 232.56 22.44 ) = ( 2.33 0.22 ) 10 []
R R =( 250.00 20.83 ) = ( 2.50 0.21 ) 10 []
P P
P P =( 28.80 3.40 ) = ( 2.88 0.34 ) 10 [W]
P P =( 43.00 4.15 ) = ( 4.3 0.4 ) 10 [W]
P P =( 57.60 4.80 ) = ( 5.8 0.5 ) 10 [W]
METODA II
Percoban I (Lampu Karbon)
V
[Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[mA]
100
130
160
200
240
280
320
360
[A]
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
R
[ohm]
800.00
769.23
750.00
700.00
666.67
642.86
625.00
611.11
P
[W]
210.00 8
156.80 13
125.00 19.2
95.00 28
76.39 38.4
63.78 50.4
54.69 64
47.84 79.2
R
P
2.1
2.65
3.2
3.8
4.4
5
5.6
6.2
[Volt]
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
[mA]
250
280
310
340
360
380
400
430
[mA]
250
280
310
340
360
380
400
430
[mA]
250
280
310
340
360
380
400
430
[A]
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.43
[ohm]
320.00
357.14
387.10
411.76
444.44
473.68
500.00
511.63
45.60
43.37
41.10
38.93
38.58
38.09
37.50
35.42
[W]
20
28
37.2
47.6
57.6
68.4
80
94.6
2.85
3.40
3.95
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.55
[mA]
100
110
120
150
170
190
210
230
[mA]
100
110
120
150
170
190
210
230
[mA]
100
110
120
150
170
190
210
230
[A]
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
R
[ohm]
800.00
909.09
1000.00
933.33
941.18
947.37
952.38
956.52
R
210.00
210.74
208.33
157.78
140.14
126.04
114.51
104.91
P
[W]
8
11
14.4
21
27.2
34.2
42
50.6
P
2.1
2.55
3
3.55
4.05
4.55
5.05
5.55
Percoban IV (Paralel)
V
[Volt]
80
100
120
130
[mA]
350
410
470
500
[mA]
350
410
470
500
[mA]
350
410
470
500
[A]
0.35
0.41
0.47
0.50
R
[ohm]
228.57
243.90
255.32
260.00
R
27.35
24.09
21.50
20.40
P
[W]
28
41
56.4
65
P
3.35
4.05
4.75
5.10
ANGKA PELAPORAN
LAMPU KARBON
I I =( 0.10
I I =( 0.13
I I =( 0.16
I I =( 0.20
I I =( 0.24
I I =( 0.28
I I =( 0.32
I I
I I = ( 0.36
R R
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
R R
=(
) 10 []
) = ( 7.0
1.0
) 10 []
666.67 76.39
) = ( 6.7
0.8
) 10 []
642.86 63.78
) = ( 6.4
0.6
) 10 []
625.00 54.69
) = ( 6.3
0.5
) 10 []
611.11 47.84
) = ( 6.1
0.5
) 10 []
P P
P P =( 8.00
P P =( 13.00
P P =( 19.20
P P =( 28.00
P P =( 38.40
P P =( 50.40
P P =( 64.00
P P =( 79.20
1.6
2.10
2.65
3.20
3.80
4.40
5.00
5.60
6.20
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
8.00
1.30
1.92
2.80
3.8
5.0
6.4
7.9
2.10
0.27
0.32
0.38
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
[W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
LAMPU WOLFRAM
I I =( 0.25
I I =( 0.28
I I =( 0.31
I I
I I =( 0.36
I I =( 0.38
I I =( 0.40
I I =( 0.43
I I =( 0.34
R R
R R =( 444.44
R R =( 473.68
R R =( 500.00
R R =( 511.63
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
4.44
4.74
5.00
5.12
2.85
3.40
3.95
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.55
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2.00
2.80
3.7
4.8
5.8
6.8
8.0
9.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.35
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
0.29
0.34
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
P P =( 37.20
P P =( 47.60
P P =( 57.60
P P =( 68.40
P P =( 80.00
P P =( 94.60
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
RANGKAIAN SERI
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
P P
P P =( 20.00
P P =( 28.00
38.58
38.09
37.50
35.42
I I =( 0.10
I I =( 0.11
I I =( 0.12
I I =( 0.15
I I =( 0.17
I I =( 0.19
I I
I I =( 0.23
I I =( 0.21
R R
R R =( 800.00
R R = ( 909.09
R R = ( 1000.00
R R = ( 933.33
R R = ( 941.18
R R = ( 947.37
R R = ( 952.38
R R = ( 956.52
210.00
210.74
208.33
157.78
140.14
126.04
114.51
104.91
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
8.00
9.09
10.00
9.3
9.4
9.47
9.52
9.57
2.10
2.11
2.08
1.6
1.4
1.26
1.15
1.05
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
P P = ( 14.40
P P = ( 21.00
P P = ( 27.20
P P = ( 34.20
P P = ( 42.00
P P = ( 50.60
2.10
2.55
3.00
3.55
4.05
4.55
5.05
5.55
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
8.00
1.10
1.44
2.1
2.7
3.4
4.2
5.1
2.10
0.26
0.30
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
RANGKAIAN PARALEL
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
P P
P P =( 8.00
P P = ( 11.00
I I =( 0.35
I I =( 0.41
I I =( 0.47
I I =( 0.50
I I
R R
R R =( 228.57 27.35 ) = ( 2.29 0.27 ) 10 []
R R = ( 243.90 24.09 ) = ( 2.44 0.24 ) 10 []
P P
P P =( 28.00 3.35 ) =
P P =( 41.00 4.05 ) =
P P =( 56.40 4.75 ) =
P P =( 65.00 5.10 ) =
(
(
(
(
2.80
4.1
5.6
6.5
0.34
0.4
0.5
0.5
)
)
)
)
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
10 [W]
2. Hitunglah hambatan setiap lampu pada setiap pasang kuat arus dan beda
potensial, untuk setiap metoda.
Jawab: ada pada pengolahan data
PUSTAKA
1. Sears, Electricity and magnetism, Add. Wesley, 1960.