9.CD HinhKhongGian in

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CHUYN TON 12 LUYN THI I HC

0913.430 999Email: thienptc@gmail.com

c
b
a
M H
C
B
A
Chuyn
HNH HC KHNG GIAN

I. n tp kin thc c bn:

N TP 1. KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 9 - 10

1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho ABC A vung A ta c :
a) nh l Pitago :
2 2 2
BC AB AC = +
b) CB CH CA BC BH BA . ; .
2 2
= =
c) AB. AC = BC. AH
d)
2 2 2
1 1 1
AC AB AH
+ =

e) BC = 2AM
f)
sin , os , tan , cot
b c b c
B c B B B
a a c b
= = = =

g) b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a =
sin cos
b b
B C
=
,
b = c. tanB = c.cot C
2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng:
* nh l hm s Csin: a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2bc.cosA
* nh l hm s Sin:
2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C
= = =

3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch.
a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:

1
2
S =
a.h
a
=
1 . .
. sin . .( )( )( )
2 4
a b c
a b C p r p p a p b p c
R
= = =
vi
2
a b c
p
+ +
=
c bit :* ABC A vung A :
1
.
2
S AB AC =
,* ABC A u cnh a:
2
3
4
a
S =

b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh
c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng
d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S =
1
2
(cho di x cho ngn)
d/ Din tch hnh thang :
1
2
S =
(y ln + y nh) x chiu cao
e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao
f/ Din tch hnh trn :
2
S .R =

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N TP 2 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 11

A.QUAN H SONG SONG
1.NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
ng thng v mt
phng gi l song song
vi nhau nu chng
khng c im no
chung.

a/ /(P) a (P) =C

a
(P)

II.Cc nh l:
L1:Nu ng thng
d khng nm trn mp(P)
v song song vi ng
thng a nm trn mp(P)
th ng thng d song
song vi mp(P)

d (P)
d/ /a d/ /(P)
a (P)
.

d
a
(P)

L2: Nu ng thng
a song song vi mp(P)
th mi mp(Q) cha a
m ct mp(P) th ct
theo giao tuyn song
song vi a.
a/ /(P)
a (Q) d/ /a
(P) (Q) d

d
a
(Q)
(P)

L3: Nu hai mt
phng ct nhau cng
song song vi mt
ng thng th giao
tuyn ca chng song
song vi ng thng
.
(P) (Q) d
(P)/ /a d/ /a
(Q)/ /a
=

a
d
Q
P

2.HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi
l song song vi nhau
nu chng khng c
im no chung.
(P)/ /(Q) (P) (Q) =C

Q
P

II.Cc nh l:
L1: Nu mp(P) cha
hai ng thng a, b
ct nhau v cng song
song vi mt phng
(Q) th (P) v (Q)
a,b (P)
a b I (P)/ /(Q)
a/ /(Q),b/ /(Q)
c

I
b
a
Q
P

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song song vi nhau.
L2: Nu mt ng
thng nm mt trong
hai mt phng song
song th song song vi
mt phng kia.
(P) / /(Q)
a / /(Q)
a (P)

a
Q
P

L3: Nu hai mt
phng (P) v (Q) song
song th mi mt
phng (R) ct (P) th
phi ct (Q) v cc
giao tuyn ca chng
song song.
(P) / /(Q)
(R) (P) a a / / b
(R) (Q) b

b
a
R
Q
P

B.QUAN H VUNG GC
1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG
I.nh ngha:
Mt ng thng c
gi l vung gc vi
mt mt phng nu n
vung gc vi mi
ng thng nm trn
mt phng .
a mp(P) a c, c (P) c

P
c
a

II. Cc nh l:
L1: Nu ng thng
d vung gc vi hai
ng thng ct nhau a
v b cng nm trong
mp(P) th ng thng
d vung gc vi mp(P).

d a,d b
a,b mp(P) d mp(P)
a,b ca t nhau

d
a
b
P

L2: (Ba ng vung
gc) Cho ng thng a
khng vung gc vi
mp(P) v ng thng b
nm trong (P). Khi ,
iu kin cn v b
vung gc vi a l b
vung gc vi hnh
chiu a ca a trn (P).
a mp(P),b mp(P)
b a b a'
c

a'
a
b
P

2.HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC
I.nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi l vung gc vi nhau nu gc gia chng bng 90
0
.

II. Cc nh l:

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L1:Nu mt mt
phng cha mt
ng thng vung
gc vi mt mt
phng khc th hai mt
phng vung gc
vi nhau.

a mp(P)
mp(Q) mp(P)
a mp(Q)

Q
P
a

L2:Nu hai mt
phng (P) v (Q)
vung gc vi nhau
th bt c ng thng
a no nm trong (P),
vung gc vi giao
tuyn ca (P) v (Q)
u vung gc vi
mt phng (Q).

(P) (Q)
(P) (Q) d a (Q)
a (P),a d

d
Q
P
a

L3: Nu hai mt
phng (P) v (Q)
vung gc vi nhau v
A l mt im trong
(P) th ng thng a
i qua im A v
vung gc vi (Q) s
nm trong (P)

(P) (Q)
A (P)
a (P)
A a
a (Q)

A
Q
P
a

L4: Nu hai mt
phng ct nhau v
cng vung gc vi
mt phng th ba th
giao tuyn ca chng
vung gc vi mt
phng th ba.

(P) (Q) a
(P) (R) a (R)
(Q) (R)
=

a
R
Q
P

3.KHONG CCH
1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng
thng , n 1 mt phng:
Khong cch t im M n ng
thng a (hoc n mt phng (P)) l
khong cch gia hai im M v H,
trong H l hnh chiu ca im M
trn ng thng a ( hoc trn mp(P))

d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH

a
H
O
H
O
P

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2. Khong cch gia ng thng v
mt phng song song:
Khong cch gia ng thng a v
mp(P) song song vi a l khong cch
t mt im no ca a n mp(P).
d(a;(P)) = OH
a
H
O
P

3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng
song song:
l khong cch t mt im bt k trn
mt phng ny n mt phng kia.
d((P);(Q)) = OH
H
O
Q
P

4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng
cho nhau:
l di on vung gc chung ca hai
ng thng .
d(a;b) = AB B
A
b
a

4.GC

1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b
l gc gia hai ng thng a v b
cng i qua mt im v ln lt cng
phng vi a v b.
b'
b
a'
a

2. Gc gia ng thng a khng
vung gc vi mt phng (P)
l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n
trn mp(P).
c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt
phng (P) th ta ni rng gc gia ng
thng a v mp(P) l 90
0
.
P
a'
a

3. Gc gia hai mt phng
l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt
vung gc vi hai mt phng .
Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm
trong 2 mt phng cng vung gc vi
giao tuyn ti 1 im
b
a
Q
P

P Q
a
b

4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din
tch ca a gic (H) trong mp(P) v S l
din tch hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn
mp(P) th
S' Scos =
trong l gc gia hai mt phng
(P),(P).
C
B
A
S

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B
h
a
b
c
a
a
a
B
h
N TP 3 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 12
Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:
1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR:
V= B.h
vi
B : d i e n t c h a y
h : c h i e u c a o

a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:
V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc

b) Th tch khi lp phng:
V = a
3

vi a l di cnh

2. TH TCH KHI CHP:
V=
1
3
Bh
vi
B: die n tch a y
h : chie u cao

3. T S TH TCH T DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A,
B, C l cc im ty ln lt
thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:

SABC
SA ' B' C '
V
SA SB SC
V SA ' SB' SC'
=

C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
S

4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:
( )
h
V B B' BB'
3
= + +

vi
B, B' : dien tch hai a y
h : chie u cao

B A
C
A'
B'
C'

Ch : 1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 ,
ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 ,
ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d =
2 2 2
a b c + + , 2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =
3
2
a

3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng
nhau ( hoc c y l a gic u, hnh chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca
y).
4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u.

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a
3a
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
II/ Bi tp:

LOI 1: TH TCH LNG TR

1) Dng 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y

V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung
cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

a 2

Li gii:
Ta c
ABC vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a
ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA' AB
2 2 2 2
AA' B AA' A' B AB 8a = =
AA' 2a 2 =
Vy V = B.h = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v
ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.

5a
4a
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn
BD
2
= BD'
2
- DD'
2
= 9a
2
BD 3a =
ABCD l hnh vung
3a
AB
2
=
Suy ra B = S
ABCD
=
2
9a
4

Vy V = B.h = S
ABCD
.AA' = 9a
3

V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh
a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

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o
60
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
A'
C'
B'
A
B
C
I

Li gii:
Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c
ABC u nn

AB 3
3 &
2
AI 2 AI BC
A' I BC(dl3 )
= =

A'BC
A'BC
2S 1
S BC.A' I A' I 4
2 BC
= = =
AA' (ABC) AA' AI .
2 2
A' AI AA' A' I AI 2 = =
Vy : V
ABC.ABC
= S
ABC
.AA'= 8 3

V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc
tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht
khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.

V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng
60
0
ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho nh ca lng tr.
Tnh th tch hnh hp .

2)Dng 2: Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng.

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
0

. Tnh th tch lng tr

.
Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC) A' A AB&AB l
hnh chiu ca A'B trn y ABC .
Vy
o
gc[A' B, (ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = =
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2

vung ti A vi AC = a ,
ACB= 60
o
bit BC' hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 30
0
.

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Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.

a
o
60
o
30
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Li gii:
o
a 3 ABC AB AC.tan60 = = .
Ta c:
AB AC;AB AA' AB (AA' C' C)
nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C).
Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] =
BC' A = 30
o

o
AB
AC' B AC' 3a
t an30
= =
V =B.h = S
ABC
.AA'
2 2
AA' C' AA' AC' A' C' 2a 2 = =
ABC l na tam gic u nn
2
ABC
a 3
S
2
=
Vy V =
3
a 6

V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung
cnh a
v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh
a v
BAD = 60
o
bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.

3) Dng 3: Lng tr ng c gc gia 2 mt phng

vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc
60
0
.Tnh th tch lng tr.

C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
o
60

Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC)&BC AB BC A' B
Vy
o
gc[(A' BC),(ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = =
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2

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V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt
(ABC) to vi y mt gc 30
0
v din tch tam gic ABC bng 8.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

x
o
30
I
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Gii: ABC u AI BC m AA' (ABC)
nn A'I BC (l 3 ).
Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] =
A' IA = 30
o
Gi s BI = x
3
2
3 2
x
x
AI = =
.Ta c
x
x AI
AI I A AI A 2
3
3 2
3
2
30 cos : ' : '
0
= = = = A

AA = AI.tan 30
0
=
x x =
3
3
. 3

Vy V
ABC.ABC
= CI.AI.AA = x
3
3
M S
ABC
= BI.AI = x.2x = 8 2 = x
Do V
ABC.ABC
= 8 3

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt
phng
(BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng
(A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt
gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

4) Dng 4: Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a , bit cnh bn l a 3 v hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr.

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H
o
60
a
B'
A'
C'
C
B
A

Li gii:
Ta c C' H (ABC) CH l hnh chiu
ca CC' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[CC',(ABC)] C'CH 60 = =
0
3a
CHC' C' H CC'.sin60
2
= =
S
ABC
=
2
3 a
4
= .Vy V = S
ABC
.C'H =
3
3a 3
8

V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm O ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr .

H
O
o
60
C'
A
a
B'
A'
C
B

Li gii:
1) Ta c A' O (ABC) OA l hnh
chiu ca AA' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[AA',(ABC)] OAA' 60 = =
Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt
bn ca lng tr)
AO BC ti trung im H ca BC nn
BC A' H (l 3 )
BC (AA' H) BC AA' m AA'//BB'
nn BC BB' .Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht.
2) ABC u nn
2 2 a 3 a 3
AO AH
3 3 2 3
= = =
o
AOA' A' O AOt an60 a = =
Vy V = S
ABC
.A'O =
3
a 3
4

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi
AB = 3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA) ln lt to vi y
nhng gc 45
0
v 60
0.
.

Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1.

Trang 12


LOI 2: TH TCH KHI CHP

1) Dng 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt
(ABC)
v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch hnh chp .

_
\
/
/
a
B
S
C
A

Li gii:
Ta c

(ABC) (SBC)
(ASC) (SBC)
AC (SBC)
Do
2 3
SBC
1 1 a 3 a 3
V S .AC a
3 3 4 12
= = =

V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi
AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung .
2)Tnh th tch hnh chp .

a
o
60
S
C
B
A

Li gii:
1) SA (ABC) SA AB &SA AC
m BC AB BC SB ( l 3 ).
Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung.
2) Ta cSA (ABC) AB l hnh chiu
ca SB trn (ABC).
Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] =
o
SAB 60 = .
ABC vung cn nn BA = BC =
a
2

S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 4
=
o
a 6
SAB SA AB.t an60
2
= =
Vy
2 3
ABC
1 1 a a 6 a 6
V S .SA
3 3 4 2 24
= = =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA
vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp .

Trang 13


V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v
SA
vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).

2) Dng 2 : Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a
Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng vung gc vi yABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh
AB.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

a
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
1) Gi H l trung im ca AB.
SAB u SH AB
m (SAB) (ABCD) SH (ABCD)
Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp.
2) Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA =
a 3
2

suy ra
3
ABCD
1 a 3
V S .SH
3 6
= =

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic
vung cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch t din ABCD.

o
60
a
H
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH(BCD) ,
m (ABC) (BCD) AH (BCD) .
Ta c AHHDAH = AD.tan60
o
=a 3
& HD = AD.cot60
o
=
a 3
3

BCD BC = 2HD =
2a 3
3
suy ra
V =
3
BCD
1 1 1 a 3
S .AH . BC.HD.AH
3 3 2 9
= =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c

Trang 14


BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt
y mt gc 45
0
.
a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh
AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.

3) Dng 3 : Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a.
Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic
u ABC.Tnh th tch chp u SABC .

a
2a
H
O
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
Dng SO(ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC
suy ra OA = OB = OC
Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
AO =
2 2 a 3 a 3
AH
3 3 2 3
= =
2
2 2 2
11a
SAO SO SA OA
3
= =
a 11
SO
3
= .Vy
3
ABC
1 a 11
V S .SO
3 12
= =

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a .
1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

a
O
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABCD)
Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn
OA = OB = OC = ODABCD l
hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi tip
nn ABCD l hnh vung .
Ta c SA
2
+ SB
2
= AB
2
+BC
2
= AC
2

nn ASC vung ti S
2
2
a
OS =

3
2
1 1 2 2
.
3 3 2 6
ABCD
a a
V S SO a = = =
Vy
3
a 2
V
6
=

Trang 15


V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD.
b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.

4) Dng 4 : Khi chp & phng php t s th tch

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B,
2 AC a =
,
SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA a =
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.
2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( ) qua AG v song
song
vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN

G
M
N
I
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
a)Ta c: .
1
.
3
S ABC ABC
V S SA =
v SA a =
+ : 2 ABCc n c AC a AB a A = =
2
1
2
ABC
S a =
Vy:
3
2
1 1
. .
3 2 6
SABC
a
V a a = =

b) Gi I l trung im BC.
G l trng tm,ta c :
2
3
SG
SI
=

// BC MN// BC
2
3
SM SN SG
SB SC SI
= = =

4
.
9
SAMN
SABC
V SM SN
V SB SC
= =

Vy:
3
4 2
9 27
SAMN SABC
a
V V = =

V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB a = . Trn ng thng qua
C v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly im D sao cho CD a = . Mt phng
qua C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ) CE ABD
c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

Trang 16


a
a
F
E
B
A
C
D

Li gii:
a)Tnh
ABCD
V
:
3
ABCD ABC
1 a
V S .CD
3 6
= =
b)Tac:
, AB AC AB CD ( ) AB ACD
AB EC
Ta c: DB EC ( ) EC ABD
c) Tnh
EF DC
V
:Ta c:
. (*)
DCEF
DABC
V DE DF
V DA DB
=

M
2
. DE DA DC = , chia cho
2
DA

2 2
2 2
1
2 2
DE DC a
DA DA a
= = =

Tng t:
2 2
2 2 2
1
3
DF DC a
DB DB DC CB
= = =
+

T(*)
1
6
DCEF
DABC
V
V
=
.Vy
3
1
6 36
DCEF ABCD
a
V V = =

V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng ) ( qua A, B v
trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia
bi mt phng .

N
S
O
M
B
D
C
A

Li gii:
K MN // CD (N ) SD e th hnh thang
ABMN l thit din ca khi chp khi ct bi
mt phng (ABM).
+
SABCD SADB SANB
SADB
SAND
V V V
SD
SN
V
V
4
1
2
1
2
1
= = = =
SABCD SBCD SBMN
SBCD
SBMN
V V V
SD
SN
SC
SM
V
V
8
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
.
2
1
. = = = = =
M V
SABMN
= V
SANB
+ V
SBMN
=
SABCD
V
8
3
.
Suy ra V
ABMN.ABCD
=
SABCD
V
8
5

Do :
5
3
.
=
ABCD ABMN
SABMN
V
V

V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh
bn to vi y gc 60
. Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v

song song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF)
b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF

Trang 17


V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA
vung gc y, 2 SA a = . Gi B, D l hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB,
SD. Mt phng (ABD) ct SC ti C.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ' ') SC AB D
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD

5) Dng 5 : n tp khi chp v lng tr

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung
gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60
v M l trung im ca SB.
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD.

.
2a
o
60
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
a)Ta c
1
.
3
ABCD
V S SA =

+
2 2
(2 ) 4
ABCD
S a a = =
+ : tan 2 6 SAC c SA AC C a A = =
3
2
1 8 6
4 .2 6
3 3
a
V a a = =

b) K / / ( ) MH SA MH DBC
Ta c:
1
2
MH SA =
,
1
2
BCD ABCD
S S =

3
D
1 2 6
4 3
MBC
a
V V = =

V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc
mt bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi chp.

Trang 18


60
A
C
B
H
S
F E
J

Li gii:
H SH ) ( ABC , k HEAB, HFBC, HJ AC
suy ra SEAB, SFBC, SJ AC . Ta c
O
SEH SFH SJH 60 = = =
SJH SFH SAH A = A = A nn HE =HF = HJ = r
( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip ABC A )
Ta c S
ABC
= ) )( )( ( c p b p a p p
vi p =
a
c b a
9
2
=
+ +
Nn S
ABC
=
2
2 . 3 . 4 . 9 a
Mt khc S
ABC
= p.r
3
6 2 a
p
S
r = =

Tam gic vung SHE:
SH = r.tan 60
0
=
a
a
2 2 3 .
3
6 2
=

Vy V
SABC
=
3 2
3 8 2 2 . 6 6
3
1
a a a =
.

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c 3 AB a = , AD = a,
AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD.
a) Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD
b) Tnh th tch khi OBBC.
c) Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC.

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a.
Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.

V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC.
b) E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th tch khi
CABFE.

Trang 19


THI I HC
I. KHI D

D- 2011

Gii

D- 2010

Gii

Trang 20


D- 2009

Gii

D- 2008

Gii

D- 2007

D- 2006

D- 2002

Trang 21


II. KHI B

B- 2011

Gii

B- 2010

Gii

Trang 22


B- 2009

Gii

B- 2008

Gii

Trang 23


B- 2007

Gii

Trang 24


B- 2006

B- 2004

B- 2003

B- 2002

Trang 25


III. KHI A

A- 2011

Gii

A- 2010

Gii

Trang 26


A- 2009

Gii

A- 2008

Gii

Trang 27


A- 2007

Gii

A- 2006

Trang 28


A- 2004

A- 2003

A- 2002

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CHUYN TON 12 LUYN THI I HC

. Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v

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