Magneto 1

Specogna Ruben ANSYS Tutorial
Lecture 3 Magnetostatic Problems

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ANSYS 7.1 TUTORIAL
Magnetostatic problems

Ruben Specogna
A.A. 2005/06
Universit di Udine
Dipartimento DIEGM
Gruppo di Elettrotecnica
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Magnetostatic problems
Usually the formulation used is based on magnetic vector
potential A:

First example:
Infinite rectangular massive
conductor carrying uniform
current density
It has planar symmetry 2D
b=h=10mm
ET PLANE53 for second order element for 2D magnetostatic
(both planar and axialsymmetric problems), see PLANE13 for 1st
order element

J A

0
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
V V
3
Preprocessing task
File Magnetostatica_2D_corr_imp_planare.txt

/PREP7 !start the preprocessing
/TITLE,2D Planar Magnetostatic !defining title
et,1,plane53 !defining element type (ET)
et,2,plane53
!plane13 for first order. For axisymmetrical problem add:
!keyopt,1,3,1 and keyopt,2,3,1
!syntax: KEYOPT,material_constant,kp_number,kp_value

b=10e-3 !geometric parameter
h=10e-3 !geometric parameter
curr=1 !current
Jsz=curr/(b*h) !corrensponding current density

mp,murx,1,1 ! Permeability of air
mp,murx,2,1 ! Permeability of the conductor
4
Model & materials
wpave,10*b/2,0 !setting a new working plane
rectng,-b/2,b/2,-h/2,h/2 !conductor
rectng,10*(-b/2),10*(b/2),10*(-h/2),10*(h/2) !air
asel,all !selecting all areas
aovlap,all !find intersections in the areas
numcmp,all !number compression
aplot !plotting areas

!material properties
!air
asel,all
aatt,1

!conductor
asel,s,,,1
aatt,2
5
Mesh, source & b. cond.s
!mesh generation
alls,all
smrtsize,1 !specify the refinement of the mesh
mshape,1 !triangular mesh
mshkey,0 !free meshing (not mapped mesh)
amesh,all !mesh all areas

!current source
esel,s,mat,,2 !selecting area 2 (massive conductor)
bfe,all,js,1,,,jsz !apply the source (body force element)
!Syntax: BFE, ELEM, Label, STLOC, VALx, VALy, VALz, VALphase

!boundary conditions
lsel,s,ext !select all external lines automatically
dl,all,,AZ,0,1 !force Az=0 on the nodes upon external lines
!Defines DOF constraints on lines.
!Syntax: DL, LINE, AREA, Label, Value1, Value2

6
Solution & postprocessing
Finish
/SOLU
alls,all
antype,static !magnetostatic solution
solve
Finish

The results can be seen with the GUI at:
General Postprocessing PlotResult Contour Plot 2D Flux Lines
or:
General Postprocessing PlotResult Contour Plot Element Solution
and then select the variable to display: for ex. BSUM, JTSUM

Then we can plot a vector field with:
General Postprocessing PlotResult Vector Plot Predefined
and then choose for ex. B, H or JT (plf2d command)

7

Well consider an actuator. All materials are linear.
We would like to calculate the force on the mobile armature.
Due to axialsymmetry we will solve a 2D axialsymmetric problem.
EXAMPLE 2
8
Preprocessing Example 2
/PREP7
/TITLE,2D Axisimmetrical Actuator
ET,1,PLANE53
KEYOPT,1,3,1 !activating key option for axialsymmetry
MP,MURX,1,1 !air
MP,MURX,2,1000 !iron
MP,MURX,3,1 !core (copper)
MP,MURX,4,2000 !iron
n=650 !some useful constants: number of turns
i=1.0 !current
ta=.75 !follows some geomtric constants
tb=.75
tc=.50
td=.75
wc=1
hc=2
gap=.25
space=.25

ws=wc+2*space
hs=hc+.75
w=ta+ws+tc
hb=tb+hs
h=hb+gap+td
acoil=wc*hc !coil area
jdens=n*i/acoil !coil current density
9
The geometry
/PNUM,AREA,1 !with aplot will plot every area with different colors
RECTNG,0,w,0,tb
RECTNG,0,w,tb,hb
RECTNG,ta,ta+ws,0,h
RECTNG,ta+space,ta+space+wc,tb+space,tb+space+hc
AOVLAP,ALL

RECTNG,0,w,0,hb+gap
RECTNG,0,w,0,h
AOVLAP,ALL
NUMCMP,AREA
APLOT
10
Materials
!default air mat = 1
ASEL,S,AREA,,2
AATT,3 !core
ASEL,S,AREA,,1
ASEL,A,AREA,,12,13,1
AATT,4 !upper iron
ASEL,S,AREA,,3,5,1
ASEL,A,AREA,,7,8,1
AATT,2 !lower iron

/PNUM,MAT,1 !(*)
ALLSEL,ALL
APLOT

!(*) with aplot will plot every material with
! different colors (like the figure)
11
Mesh and force computation
SMRTSIZE,3 !setting the refinement of the mesh
AMESH,ALL !mesh all the areas

ESEL,S,MAT,,4 !select elements of material 4
CM,ARM,ELEM !with this collection of elements creates the
!component named ARM

FMAGBC,'ARM !tells ANSYS that after solution I want to know
!the resulting force on the component ARM

ALLSEL,ALL
ARSCAL,ALL,,,.01,.01,1,,,1 !scaling lengths in meters

FINISH !finish the preprocessing

12
Bound. cond.s & solution
ESEL,S,MAT,,3 !selecting the coil material areas
BFE,ALL,JS,1,,,jdens/.01**2 !imposing the source
ESEL,ALL

NSEL,EXT !select automatically all boundary nodes
D,ALL,AZ,0 !impose A=0 on this nodes
ALLSEL,ALL
FINISH !finish the preprocessing

/SOLU
MAGSOLV !solve for magnetostatic
SAVE
FINISH
13
Postprocessing
!starting postoprocessing task
/POST1

!plot 2D flux lines
PLF2D

!calculate the force on the ARM
FMAGSUM

!plot vector field B
PLVECT,B,,,,VECT,ELEM,ON

!plot |B| as a scalar field
PLNSOL,B,SUM

14
EXAMPLE 3

3D actuator problem.

Saturable materials: the solution is non-linear.
(3 materials: air, core (saturable), armature (saturable). The coil is not meshed)

Due to symmetry we model only of the domain.

15
Preprocessing task
/prep7
/title,3D Actuator
n=500 !turns of the coil
i=6 !current per turn
et,1,96 !element type solid96
mp,murx,1,1 !assign mur=1 at air

!activate a table for non-linear materials
tb,bh,2,,40 !B-H table
tbpt,,355,.7 !define all the points
!of the B-H curve
,,405,.8
,,470,.9
,,555,1.0
,,673,1.1
for all the points

tbcopy,bh,2,3 !copies the table
!from material 2 to material 3
16
Geometry
/pnum,volu !plot the volumes numbers
block,0,63.5,0,25/2,0,25
/view,1,1,1,1 !change the angle of view (see syntax)
/replot !replot
block,38.5,63.5,0,25/2,25,125
block,13.5,63.5,0,25/2,125,150
vglue,all
block,0,12.5,0,5,26.5,125
block,0,13,0,5.5,26,125.5
vovlap,1,2
numcmp,volu
cyl4,,,0,0,100,90,175
vovlap,all
numcmp,volu
17
Material and meshing
vsel,s,,,1 !setting up materials
vatt,3
vsel,s,,,3,5
vatt,2
allsel,all

smrt,8
mshape,1,3d !tetrahedral mesh
mshkey,0 !free mesh
vmesh,all !mesh all volumes

/pnum,mat,1 !plot different materials with different colors
/number,1 !no numbers
eplot !plot elements
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Source
esel,s,mat,,3
cm,arm,elem !create the component arm
fmagbc,'arm !will calculate force on arm
allsel,all
vlscale,all,,,.001,.001,.001,,0,1 !scaling in meters

local,12,0,0,0,75/1000 !change system of coordinates
wpcsys,-1 !define a wp based on the system of coord.

!define a racetrack coil
race,.0285,.0285,.014,n*i,.018,.0966,,,'coil1'
/eshape,1 !display the coil (it's NOT meshed)
eplot
save !save the database
finish
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Bound. con.s & Solution
d,2,mag,0
allsel,all

/solu
magsolv,3,,,,,1
finish

/post1
fmagsum,'arm'
finish
save

/solu
*dim,cur,array,1
cur(1)=i
lmatrix,1,'coil','cur'
finish

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Specogna Ruben ANSYS Tutorial

Lecture 3 Magnetostatic Problems

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