Information System For Urban Planning

A Book and a WebSite on Information Systems for Urban Planning A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach
Robert LAURINI http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup

Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative Approach Robert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Objectives of the book

Not another GIS book !! Survey of novel computer tools in city planning Emphasis on
hypermedia collaboration between actors use of communications real time dimension (environment monitoring)
Contents
1 - Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes 2 - Design Methodologies for Information Systems 3 - Data Acquisition in Urban Environment 4 - Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases 5 - Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning 6 - From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation
Contents
7 - Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information 8 - Groupware in Urban Planning 9 - Computer Systems for Public Participation 10 - Computer Architectures for Urban Planning 11 - Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring
Objectives of the WebSite

Continuous updating of all URLs Organizing a forum Links to other experiences / product A sort of Information System for ISUPs
http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 1 Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes
City as a General System

External influences Steering subsystem Decision making and planning Information system for city-wide management and planning
Informational subsystem
Input
Controlled subsystem Output
Main sources
Strategic information coming from the steering subsystem
Information for decision Urban information system Information coming from measures on the controlled subsystem
making and planning
Decision support systems

Decision-Support Systems
Based on Operations Research
Based on Document Navigation
- data analysis - system modelling - search strategies - optimization - multi-criteria
- content analysis - documentation archiving - search strategies - browsing
- controllability
- relevant information
Urban planning / monitoring

(a) City Past and present
Objectives for the future
Urban planning system
Plan for the future
(b) City Daily base
Plan for the future
Urban monitoring system
Indicators of plan achievement
10
Group of urban planners supported by an information system
CMM
CMM
CMM Urban information system
CMM
Problems
Actions
Actors and their Mental Models
Real World = City Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative Approach Robert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
11
Architecture of an ISUP
Planning officers Planning staff Citizens and other actors
Alternative setting
CSCW management
Public participation
Data acquisition and updating
What-if models
Evaluation techniques
Action plans Plan formatting and visualisation
Maps
Data Management Written regulations
Database for Urban Planning
12
Chapter 2 Design Methodologies for Information Systems
13
REAL WORLD
External model 1
External model 2
External model n
Conceptual model
Logical model
Three modelling levels
Internal model
14
Multiple representations
REAL WORLD: a street
Traffic Management Direct graph
Cadaster Two lines
Pavement Revetment 2D object
Engineering networks 3D object
15
(a)
Point (b) Country - Country-ID - Country name
Line
Area
Volume
Spatial pictograms from Caron et al. 1993
(c) Simple pictogram
Parking lot - etc...
Any occurrence of the entity "Parking Lot" is represented by an area Any occurrence of the entity "Water Supply Network" is represented both at the minimum by a line and at the minimum by a point Any occurrence of the entity "Working Site" is represented the more often by an area and otherwise by a point
Complex pictogram
Water Supply Network Tap Pipe
Alternative pictogram
Working Site - etc...
16
OMEGA formalism
Technical Class Diagram Decomposition of town into plots.
Town Name Population 1-n Composed of 1-1 Road Name Type Direction Borders 2-n 3-n Name Address 1-n Contains 0-1 Owner A Owner ID Name Age 1-n 1-n House Address Floorspace Total area
(Ag)
Plot
Is in possession of house
By clicking here the spatial aggregation detail diagram of the House Class can be viewed
17
AIGLE CASE Tool

Computer Aided Software Engineering Developed in our lab Marketed by the CIRIL company http://www.ciril.net Totally visual Drivers in MapInfo, MapObjects, JAVA
18
Chapter 3 Data Acquisition in Urban Environment
19
Cyclomedia
http://www.cyclomedia.nl/cm_2/UK/cyclomedia.htm
20
Air-borne Laser Acquisition

http://www.optech.on.ca/imagegall.htm ; http://www.eaglescan.com/products.html
21
GPS
http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gif/orbits.gif http://www.nvlt.com/pioneer.htm
22
Acquisition with vehicle

GPS satellite Links to a control center
Urban Measuring Unit
(a)
(b)
23
Voice Technology
http://www.datria.com/
Provided by Datria / Stantec GPS-positioned messages are stored into computers Interesting for example to describe certain situations
24
Chapter 4 Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases
25
Zone or object modification
Geographic Database
Global refinement Existing Database
Global corrections
Updating
Coverage extension
Multi-layer integration
26
Various kinds of updating
P1
P2
P1 P61
P2
P1 P61 P3 P5
P2
P5
P6
P3
P5
P3 P62 P4
P62 P4
P4 (a) (b)
(c)
27
Regular updating by means of aerial photos
Global Updating
Global Updating
Urban database t
Urban database t+1
Urban database t+2
28
From photos to vectors
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
29
Topological control
Parcel #51 Parcel #45
Parcel #46
Parcel #52 Parcel #47 Parcel #48
30
Chapter 5 Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning
31
Document describing the history of the historical precinct (a) (b)
Document describing the flooding of the river in the XVIIth century
Hypermaps
(c) Document describing the history and evolution of the manufactures in the XIXth century (d) Document describing the planning of Central Business District and the induced traffic congestion
(e)
Document describing the history of the churches in the city
(f)
Document describing social problems in this zone due to immigration
Coordinateaccessed documents
(g)
Document describing the Master Plan imposed by the regional administrative level
Document describing with signal, auditory or noise information throughout the city (h)
32
URL anchored on building

http://www.cvl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~murao/
33
Turin Land Use Plan

http://sit.comune.torino.it/html/PRG/info/consulta.html
34
On-line Permitting
ElastyCity of Elasty-City Online building permitting
- Online submission - Online comments - Permit Status - Get information - Quit
35
Chapter 6 From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation
36
Custodian Identification information
Keywords
Name
Status
Description
Geographic coverage
Software environment
Logical consistency Data quality Completeness Source / Lineage Identification Entity/attribute information information
Description
Domains Status
Accuracy
Type Geographic and formats coverage
Measurement Software units environment
FGDC Metadata
http://www.fgdc.gov
Distribution information
Access procedure
Spatial data reference
Coordinate system Datum
Distributor
Format
Map projection
37
Argumaps
Argumaps = Argumentation maps Created by Claus Rinner Electronic discussion and GIS Linked WWW and Collaborative DM Storing arguments
planning arguments pro-opinion contra-opinion
38
Argumaps with pins
39
Argumaps with flags
40
Argumaps with smileys
41
Chapter 7 Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information
42
Project visualisation (CommunityWorks)

http://www.simcenter.org/index.html
43
Visualizing building possibilities
44
Virtual Reality in Cities
http://www.cica.indiana.edu/ http://www.ireality.com/ http://viswiz.gmd.de/IMF/rw.html

45
Faade database
http://www.snv.fr
46
Visual Accessing to Information

Ben Shneidermanns approach STARFIELD approach for accessing to a collection of objects SPACE FILLING TREEMAPS for accessing various collections
47
Starfield Access to a Building Permit Database
Floor space 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1925 1950 1975
48
Starfield visualisation of flood documents

mp 50 mp 40 mp 30 mp 20 mp10 mp 0 Reports Sea 1900 1925 1950 1975 Photos Auditory Documents
49
Accessing a Real City through a Virtual City Portal

http://www.nettuno.it/bologna/MappaWelcome.html
50
Chapter 8 Groupware in Urban Planning
51
Cooperative Information Systems
Cooperative Information System Task and message Management Participatory Design
52
Alternative plans
Legend Starting situation A B C Refused version
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
C1
C2
C3
A1
B1
C1
A1
B2
C2
A3
B2
C3
Selected version
53
Chapter 9 Computer Systems for Public Participation
54
Public Participation
Issues
participatory design urban plan visualization opinion collection and synthesis communication between residents and city council facilities organization
Existence of NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard)

55
Public Participation Ladder

Public Participation in Final Decision
PP in Assessing Consequences and Recommending Solutions
Top level Participation
PP in Defining Interests, Actors and Determining Agenda
Public Right to Object Low level Participation
Informing the Public
Public Right to Know
56
Computer Systems
Techniques
virtual reality discussion forum argumaps
Technical barriers, administrative barriers, technocratic barriers To few experiences ==> cyber-citizens
57
Chapter 10 Computer Architectures for Urban Planning
58
Architecture of a Cooperative Systems for Urban Planning

Urban Planner DB Socio-economic planner DB Legislative adviser DB
Architect DB Network
Finance planner DB
DB Co-operative Information System Task and Message Management Participatory Design
DB Environmental planner
Utilities planner
Global Database
59
(a)
Gas Database
Building Database
Cadastre Database LAYER FRAG MENTATIO N (b)
Data fragmentation
Zone A Database
Zone B Database
Zone C Database
ZO NAL FRAG M ENT ATIO N
60
Federation of Spatial Databases

Zone A RN 75 Site A Roads RD 34 Tributary to the River C River C
Building artificially cut into two parts Site B RN 75
RD 41
Missing link
Zone B
61
Electricity company GIS
Interoperability based on ontologies
Mapping information
Shared urban ontology
Mapping information
Mapping information
Mapping information
Cadastre GIS
Water supply GIS
Gas company GIS
62
Chapter 11 Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring
63
Applications of TeleGeoMonitoring
Monitoring of air pollution Monitoring of pollution along rivers Monitoring of major risks Fleet management Turnpike traffic management Hazmat transportation Disaster management etc.
64
Real time information system for air pollution
Front-end computer for signal reception and management
Real time Database Management system
Real time mapping device
Environmental urban real time database
Air Pollution Control Center
65
Turnpike Traffic Management

G.P.S
INMARSAT
Ground Station
Control Center
Telephone network GIS
66
TGM for the control of the pollution of the Venice Lagoon

http://www.port.venice.it/amav/
67
Home page of an extranet for urban risks

ElastyCity of Elasty-City Urban Areas' Risk Management and Control
- Risk knowledge and diagnosis - Emergency prevention and control - Risk assessment - Get new information - Quit
68
Example of a Risk Map
http://cenas.dmsa.unipd.it/results/littoral/fig30.html
69
Website
70
http://lisi.insa-lyon/~laurini
71
72
Final Remarks
73
Conclusions
Modern telecommunications and information technology can change the nature of urban planning and public participation GIS is a piece of a global information infrastructure within a city Synergy between book and website
74
Thanks for your attention !!
Information Systems for Urban Planning; A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini
75

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A Book and a WebSite on Information Systems for Urban Planning A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach

Robert LAURINI http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup

Objectives of the book

Objectives of the WebSite

Chapter 1 Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes

City as a General System

Controlled subsystem Output

making and planning

Decision support systems

Based on Operations Research

Based on Document Navigation

- data analysis - system modelling - search strategies - optimization - multi-criteria

- content analysis - documentation archiving - search strategies - browsing

Urban planning / monitoring

Objectives for the future

Urban planning system

Plan for the future

(b) City Daily base

Plan for the future

Urban monitoring system

Indicators of plan achievement

Group of urban planners supported by an information system

CMM Urban information system

Actors and their Mental Models

Data acquisition and updating

Action plans Plan formatting and visualisation

Data Management Written regulations

Database for Urban Planning

Chapter 2 Design Methodologies for Information Systems

Three modelling levels

REAL WORLD: a street

Traffic Management Direct graph

Cadaster Two lines

Pavement Revetment 2D object

Engineering networks 3D object

Point (b) Country - Country-ID - Country name

Spatial pictograms from Caron et al. 1993

(c) Simple pictogram

Parking lot - etc...

Water Supply Network Tap Pipe

Working Site - etc...

AIGLE CASE Tool

Chapter 3 Data Acquisition in Urban Environment

Air-borne Laser Acquisition

Acquisition with vehicle

Urban Measuring Unit

Chapter 4 Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases

Zone or object modification

Global refinement Existing Database

Various kinds of updating

Regular updating by means of aerial photos

Urban database t+1

Urban database t+2

From photos to vectors

Parcel #52 Parcel #47 Parcel #48

Chapter 5 Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning

Document describing the history of the historical precinct (a) (b)

Document describing the flooding of the river in the XVIIth century

Document describing the history of the churches in the city

Document describing social problems in this zone due to immigration

URL anchored on building

Turin Land Use Plan

Chapter 6 From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation