Post Tensioned Design1

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
CONSULTING ENGINNERS
PROJECT
DETAIL
JOB NUMBER
:
:
:
PROJECT TITLE
40x40x40x40x37.5M SPAN; 0 DEG SKEW; 11.000 M C/W WIDTH
37478
Designed
Checked
:
:
KKL
LTC
File name
W:\SCB Spreadsheet\Post-Tensioned-Design.xls
Date
Date
:
:
19-Mar-2013
19-Mar-2013
S37T1 - EDGE BEAM (T1)

DESIGN DATA :
(I)
Number Of Stage For Stressing
(II)
Concrete Properties for Precast Beam:
Stages
fci1 =
30
N/mm2
Ec1 =
28
kN/mm
fci2 =
50
N/mm2
Ec2 =
34
kN/mm2
fcu =
50
N/mm
Ecu =
34
kN/mm2
fs =
As =
12.9
mm
(b) Cross Section Area
100
mm2
(c) Mudulus of Elasticity
Es =
195
kN/mm2
kN
/rad
rad/m
mm
(a) 1st Stage :
(i)
(ii)
(b) 2nd Stage :
(i)
(ii)
(c) 28 days
(i)
(ii)
(III)
Concrete Cube Strength

Modulus of Elasticity
Prestressing Strands Properties :

(a) Strand Diameter
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(IV)
U.T.S per Strand

Co-efficient of Friction
Wobble Factor
Average Anchorage Draw in
PUTS =
m =
K=
draw-in =
186
0.2
0.0033
10
Prestressing Losses Data:

(a) Relaxation of Strand Cable (At 1000 hours)
(b) Creep of Concrete per unit Length
=
ec =
2.5
0.000036
(c) Shrinkage per unit Length

(d) Creep reduction Coefficient
es =
k=
0.0002
0.43
% of Jacking Force
per N/mm2
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING (14142-M)

POST-TENSIONED BEAM DESIGN - Calculation of Post-Tensioning Cable Profile
Project
:
Detail
:
Filename :
JOB NO :
PROJECT TITLE
(1)
CALCULATION OF POST-TENSIONED CABLES PROFILE
(a)
Input Data
Leff =
39.00 m
Beam Length
Lbeam =
39.60 m
Cable Length
Lcable =
39.60 m
Effective Span
Nos. of Cables
Designed :
Checked :
KKL
LTC
4 nos
(b)
Cable Profile Formula
(i)
Formulae used for computing cable profile :

Y0 = Ym + (Ye - Ym) * (X0/Half beam length)2
(ii)
Formulae used for computing cable angle at anchorage :

Angle = arctan(2 * Drape / Half beam length)
Drape = Ye - Ym
where,
Y0 = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at distance X0 from midspan.

Ye = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at beam end.
Ym = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at midspan.
(2)
CABLE INFO
Height of centre-line of cable
from soffit of beam
Drape
Mark
(mm)
Ye - Ym
Ye
Cable
Cable
Cable
Cable
(3)
Cable angle
Cable
A
B
C
D
1875.00
1525.00
1175.00
825.00
Ym
460.00
340.00
220.00
100.00
at anghorage
(mm)
(degree)
(nos)
1415.00
1185.00
955.00
725.00
8.134
6.826
5.510
4.188
19
19
19
19
76
Height of centre-line of cable

from soffit of beam
(mm)
Cable angle
Support
Midspan
X (m)
X0 (m)
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Section 11
Section 12
Section 13
Section 14
Section 15
Section 16
Section 17
Section 18
Section 19
Section 20
Section 21
Section 22
19.500
18.500
17.500
16.500
15.500
14.500
13.500
12.500
11.500
10.500
9.500
8.500
7.500
6.500
5.500
4.500
3.500
2.500
1.500
0.500
-0.300
-0.300
0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
11.000
12.000
13.000
14.000
15.000
16.000
17.000
18.000
19.000
19.800
19.800
8.134
6.826
5.510
4.188
A
19
B
19
C
19
D
19
460
464
474
492
518
550
590
637
691
752
821
897
980
1070
1167
1272
1384
1503
1629
1763
1875
1875
340
343
352
367
388
416
449
488
533
585
642
706
775
851
932
1020
1114
1214
1319
1431
1525
1525
220
222
230
242
259
281
308
339
376
417
464
515
571
632
697
768
844
924
1009
1099
1175
1175
100
102
107
117
130
146
167
191
218
250
285
324
366
413
462
516
573
634
699
768
825
825
at anchorage
Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
Strands
per Cable
CALCULATION OF CABLE PROFILE

Distance from
Total Nos of
Date :
Date :
37478
19-Mar-2013
19-Mar-2013
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN. BHD. (14142-M)

Consulting Engineers
Job No. :
Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design
37478

Project
Detail
Filename
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
:
:
:
PROJECT TITLE
Beam Type
Beam Position
Effective Span /Length Between Centreline of Bearings
(iv) Section Modulus :
@ Bottom Fibre of Precast Beam
(v)
@ Bottom Fibre of Composite Beam
Section Modulus :
KKL
LTC
Date :
Date :
19-Mar-2013
19-Mar-2013
= S37T1 (SAG)
= ELE 89 TO 96
Leff =
39.000 m
Zb =
4.526E+08 mm3
Zb,p =
5.369E+08 mm3
wpre =
20.868 kN/m
(vi) Precast Beam Selfweight
wslab =
(vii) Deck Slab Selfweight

NOTE :
Designed :
Checked :
8.900 kN/m
UDLMoment =w/2(Lx) (Leff-Lx)

UDL Shear =w (Leff/2-Lx)
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT WITH CO-EXISTING SHEAR FOR PRESTRESSING DESIGN

(1a) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL MAXIMUM MOMENT (KNm)
NOMINAL - MOMENT
Distance
from
Support
Section
Support 1
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
Nominal Moment Due to

Dead Load
Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Lx (m)
Beam
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
0.00
740.30
1269.08
1586.36
1692.11
1586.36
1269.08
740.30
0.00
0.00
2476.09
4244.73
5305.91
5659.64
5305.91
4244.73
2476.09
0.00

Superimposed Dead Load
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-811.40
-275.30
106.20
356.10
492.20
523.20
449.20
261.20
-62.73
Premix
-393.80
-137.90
61.42
202.30
283.20
303.60
263.30
163.20
5.03
DS.CR,DSETT
2812.00
2460.62
2109.25
1757.87
1406.50
1055.12
703.75
352.37
0.00
NOMINAL LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
HA1003
1606.80
2047.42
2276.87
2316.27
2181.90
1881.92
1416.25
776.77
-57.71
HAHB4503
COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Total
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
511.50
433.60
1614.00
2486.00
3050.00
2903.00
2456.00
1403.00
-188.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
694.60
601.60
3170.00
4387.00
4885.00
4749.00
4290.00
2204.00
-329.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(1b) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL CO-EXISITING SHEAR FORCE (kN) FOR MAXIMUM MOMENT
NOMINAL - SHEAR
Distance
from
Support
Section
Support 1
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
Nominal Shear Force Due to

Dead Load
Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Lx (m)
Beam
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
406.93
305.19
203.46
101.73
0.00
-101.73
-203.46
-305.19
-406.93
173.55
130.16
86.78
43.39
0.00
-43.39
-86.78
-130.16
-173.55
580.48
435.36
290.24
145.12
0.00
-145.12
-290.24
-435.36
-580.48

Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
70.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-70.00
135.00
101.20
72.21
47.00
23.70
0.41
-24.79
-53.93
-88.08
Premix
62.24
49.83
37.03
23.92
10.66
-2.60
-15.70
-28.49
-40.86
DS.CR,DSETT
123.65
117.78
111.90
106.03
-100.15
-94.28
-88.40
-82.53
-76.65
NOMINAL LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
HA1003
Total
390.89
268.81
221.14
176.95
-65.79
-96.46
-128.89
-164.95
-275.59
HAHB4503

Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
-22.75
15.81
149.50
123.70
-36.25
-98.29
-231.30
-319.40
-239.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-33.26
165.80
203.80
109.20
-82.27
-102.50
-459.90
-542.50
-468.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Page 3

Job No. :
37478
(2a) SUMMARY OF THE SLS MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
S.L.S - MOMENT
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

Due to Dead Load
Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Distance
from
Support
Due to Superimposed Dead Load

Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
Beam
Premix
DS.CR,DSETT
Total
HA1003
Due to Live Loading

HAHB4503
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS1
SLS
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS 2
SLS 2
Section
Lx (m)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.200
1.000
1.20
1.20
1.00
1.00
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
0.00
740.30
1269.08
1586.36
1692.11
1586.36
1269.08
740.30
0.00
0.00
2476.09
4244.73
5305.91
5659.64
5305.91
4244.73
2476.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-811.40
-275.30
106.20
356.10
492.20
523.20
449.20
261.20
-62.73
-472.56
-165.48
73.70
242.76
339.84
364.32
315.96
195.84
6.03
2812.00
2460.62
2109.25
1757.87
1406.50
1055.12
703.75
352.37
0.00
1528.04
2019.84
2289.15
2356.73
2238.54
1942.64
1468.91
809.41
-56.70
613.80
520.32
1936.80
2983.20
3660.00
3483.60
2947.20
1683.60
-225.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
694.60
601.60
3170.00
4387.00
4885.00
4749.00
4290.00
2204.00
-329.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
(2b) SUMMARY OF THE SLS BOTTOM STRESS FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)
S.L.S - STRESS (fb)

Due to Dead Load
Insitu Slab
Total
Distance
from
Support
Precast
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
Beam
& Services
Premix
DS.CR,DSETT
Total
HA1003
Due to Live Loading

HAHB4503
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS1
SLS
SLS 1
SLS 1
SLS 2
SLS 2
Section
Lx (m)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.200
1.000
1.200
1.200
1.000
1.000
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
3.83
6.57
8.22
8.77
8.22
6.57
3.83
0.00
0.00
1.64
2.80
3.50
3.74
3.50
2.80
1.64
0.00
0.00
5.47
9.38
11.72
12.50
11.72
9.38
5.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.51
-0.51
0.20
0.66
0.92
0.97
0.84
0.49
-0.12
-0.88
-0.31
0.14
0.45
0.63
0.68
0.59
0.36
0.01
5.24
4.58
3.93
3.27
2.62
1.97
1.31
0.66
0.00
2.85
3.76
4.26
4.39
4.17
3.62
2.74
1.51
-0.11
1.14
0.97
3.61
5.56
6.82
6.49
5.49
3.14
-0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.29
1.12
5.90
8.17
9.10
8.84
7.99
4.10
-0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
(2c) SUMMARY OF THE SLS BOTTOM STRESS FOR SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
S.L.S - fb(SDL+LL)
SDL + Live Loading
Distance
from
Support
Section
Lx (m)
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)
SDL + HA1003
SDL + -
SDL + HAHB4503
SDL + -
3.99
4.73
7.87
9.95
10.99
10.11
8.22
4.64
-0.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.14
4.88
10.17
12.56
13.27
12.46
10.73
5.61
-0.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Page 4

37478
Job No. :
(3a) SUMMARY OF THE ULS MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)
U.L.S-DESIGN Moment
Due to Dead Load

Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Distance
from
Support
Beam
ULS 1
ULS 1
Section
Lx (m)
1.265
1.265
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
2195.78
3764.19
4705.24
5018.92
4705.24
3764.19
2195.78
0.00
0.00
936.48
1605.39
2006.74
2140.52
2006.74
1605.39
936.48
0.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
ULS
0.00
3132.26
5369.58
6711.98
7159.45
6711.98
5369.58
3132.26
0.00
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
Premix
ULS LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
DS.CR,DSETT
Total
HA1003
HAHB4503
ULS
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
1.65
1.65
1.43
1.43
843.98
715.44
2663.10
4101.90
5032.50
4789.95
4052.40
2314.95
-310.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
993.28
860.29
4533.10
6273.41
6985.55
6791.07
6134.70
3151.72
-471.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS1
1.320
1.320
1.925
1.320
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1071.05
-363.40
140.18
470.05
649.70
690.62
592.94
344.78
-82.80
-758.07
-265.46
118.23
389.43
545.16
584.43
506.85
314.16
9.67
3711.84
3248.02
2784.21
2320.39
1856.58
1392.76
928.95
465.13
0.00
1882.73
2619.16
3042.63
3179.87
3051.44
2667.81
2028.75
1124.07
-73.13
(3b) SUMMARY OF THE ULS CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE (KN)
U.L.S-DESIGN Shear
Due to Dead Load

Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Distance
from
Support
Beam
ULS 1
ULS 1
Section
Lx (m)
1.265
1.265
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
514.76
386.07
257.38
128.69
0.00
-128.69
-257.38
-386.07
-514.76
219.54
164.66
109.77
54.89
0.00
-54.89
-109.77
-164.66
-219.54
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
ULS
734.30
550.73
367.15
183.58
0.00
-183.58
-367.15
-550.73
-734.30
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
ULS LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
Premix
DS.CR,DSETT
Total
HA1003
HAHB4503
ULS
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
1.65
1.65
1.43
1.43
-37.54
26.09
246.68
204.11
-59.81
-162.18
-381.65
-527.01
-395.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-47.56
237.09
291.43
156.16
-117.65
-146.58
-657.66
-775.78
-670.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Beam
& Services
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS1
1.320
1.320
1.925
1.320
92.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-92.40
178.20
133.58
95.32
62.04
31.28
0.55
-32.72
-71.19
-116.27
119.81
95.92
71.28
46.05
20.52
-5.00
-30.22
-54.84
-78.66
163.22
155.46
147.71
139.95
-132.20
-124.44
-116.69
-108.93
-101.18
553.63
384.97
314.31
248.04
-80.39
-128.90
-179.63
-234.96
-388.50
(3c) SUMMARY OF THE ULS TOTAL MOMENT AND TOTAL CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
TOTAL MOMENT & SHEAR FOR U.L.S-DESIGN
U.L.S-DESIGN
DL + SDL + LIVE LOAD
Distance
from
Support
HA1003
Section
Lx (m)
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
2726.70 1250.39
6466.86
961.78
11075.31 928.13
13993.75 635.72
15243.39 -140.21
14169.74 -474.65
11450.73 -928.43
6571.28 -1312.70
-383.83 -1517.98
HAHB4503
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2876.01
6611.71
12945.31
16165.26
17196.44
16170.86
13533.03
7408.05
-544.32
1240.37
1172.79
972.89
587.77
-198.04
-459.05
-1204.44
-1561.47
-1793.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Page 5

37478
Job No. :
MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE WITH CO-EXISTING MOMENT FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
(4a) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL CO-EXSITING MOMENT WITH MAXIMUM SHEAR FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL CO-EXISITING MOMENT (kNm)
NOMINAL - MOMENT
Distance
from
Support
Section
Support 1
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2

Dead Load
Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Lx (m)
Beam
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
0.00
740.30
1269.08
1586.36
1692.11
1586.36
1269.08
740.30
0.00

0.00
2476.09
4244.73
5305.91
5659.64
5305.91
4244.73
2476.09
0.00
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-811.40
-275.30
106.20
356.10
492.20
523.20
449.20
261.20
-62.73
Premix
-393.80
-137.90
61.42
202.30
283.20
303.60
263.30
163.20
5.03
CR,DS,DSETTL
2812.00
2460.62
2109.25
1757.87
1406.50
1055.12
703.75
352.37
0.00
NOMINAL LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
1606.80
2047.42
2276.87
2316.27
2181.90
1881.92
1416.25
776.77
-57.71
HAHB4513 HAHB4514
Total
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-2510.00
-893.30
1828.00
1771.00
3481.00
1088.00
-515.50
-185.30
-210.90
654.40
508.10
2076.00
1658.00
4532.00
3706.00
4182.00
2100.00
163.00
(4b) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE (kN)
NOMINAL - SHEAR
Distance
from
Support
Section
Support 1
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2

Dead Load
Precast
Insitu Slab
Total
Lx (m)
Beam
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
406.93
305.19
203.46
101.73
0.00
-101.73
-203.46
-305.19
-406.93
173.55
130.16
86.78
43.39
0.00
-43.39
-86.78
-130.16
-173.55

580.48
435.36
290.24
145.12
0.00
-145.12
-290.24
-435.36
-580.48
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
70.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-70.00
135.00
101.20
72.21
47.00
23.70
0.41
-24.79
-53.93
-88.08
Premix
62.24
49.83
37.03
23.92
10.66
-2.60
-15.70
-28.49
-40.86
CR,DS,DSETTL
123.65
117.78
111.90
106.03
-100.15
-94.28
-88.40
-82.53
-76.65
NOMINAL LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
HAHB4513 HAHB4514
Total
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
Unfactored
390.89
268.81
221.14
176.95
-65.79
-96.46
-128.89
-164.95
-275.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
629.60
598.50
411.20
375.50
162.20
125.20
74.09
76.36
-506.40
-32.06
-27.81
-91.74
-88.68
-269.70
-296.30
-492.30
-506.40
76.36
(4c) ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE FACTORS FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

ULS FACTORS
Elements
DEAD LOAD & SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD ULS FACTORS

Precast
Insitu Slab
Beam
Diaphragm
Parapet, Kerb
Beam
& Services
Premix
CR,DS,DSETTL
LIVE LOADING ULS FACTORS

-
HAHB4513 HAHB4514
Load Combinations
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS 1
ULS1
ULS 1
ULS 1
gf3*gfL
1.265
1.265
1.320
1.320
1.925
1.320
1.43
1.43
(4d) SUMMARY OF THE ULS TOTAL CO-EXSITING MOMENT AND TOTAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE FOR SHEAR DESIGN
SHEAR DESIGN (ULS)
TOTAL CO-EXISITING MOMENT & MAXIMUM SHEAR FOR SHEAR DESIGN

DL + SDL + LIVE LOAD
Distance
from
Support
Section
Lx (m)
Moment
(kNm)
Support 1
0.00
4.88
9.75
14.63
19.50
24.38
29.25
34.13
39.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1/8
2/8
3/8
Mid Span
5/8
6/8
7/8
Support 2
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
HAHB4513
HAHB4514
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1706.57
4474.00
11026.25
12424.38
15188.72
10935.63
6661.17
3991.35
-374.72
2188.26
1791.55
1269.48
968.58
151.55
-133.44
-440.84
-676.50
-1846.95
2818.52
6478.01
11380.89
12262.79
16691.65
14679.37
13378.59
7259.33
159.96
1242.09
895.93
550.27
304.80
-466.06
-736.18
-1250.77
-1509.84
-1013.61
Page 6

Post-Tensioning - Calculation of Post-tensioned Prestress Losses and Differential Shrinkage @ SLS
Job No. :
37478
Calculation of Prestress Losses & Differential Shrinkage At SLS

For PRECAST POST-TENSIONED PRESTRESSED BEAM Design
Project
:
Detail
:
Filename :
PROJECT TITLE
Designed :
40x40x40x40x37.5M SPAN; 0 DEG SKEW; 11.000 M C/WChecked
WIDTH :
Design Data :
KKL
LTC
Lbeam
S40T1 BEAM
x
(1)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Spanning Length & Cable Length

Total Beam Length
Edge of Precast Beam to Centreline of Bearing Pads
Effective Span /Length Between Centreline of Bearings
(iv)
Total Cable Length/Beam Length
(2)
(i)
Precast Beam Concrete Properties

Number of Stage of Stressing (Max. = 2)
Concrete Cube Strength :
(ii)
(iii)
Lbeam =
Leff = Lbeam - 2x
x =
Leff =
Lcable =
Modulus Of Elasticity of Concrete :
m
m
m
m
@ 28 Days
Ecu =
@ Stage 1 Stressing
Ec1 =
@ Stage 2 Stressing
Ec2 =
2
50
30
50
34.0
28.0
34.0
gcon =
24.0 kN/mm3
@ Stage 1 Stressing
fci1 =
@ Stage 2 Stressing
fci2 =
Concrete Density
(3)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Section Properties Of Precast Beam

Cross Sectional Area
Total Height
Centriod of Precast Beam To Bottom Fibre
(iv)
Centriod of Precast Beam To Top Fibre
(v)
Moment of Inertia
(vi)
Section Modulus :
@ Top Fibre of Precast Beam
Zt =
(vii)
Section Modulus :
@ Bottom Fibre of Precast Beam
Zb =
(viii)
Selfweight of Precast Beam
(4)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Stressing Cable Properties

Coefficient of Friction
Wobble Factor
Average Anchorage Draw in
Strand Diameter
(v)
Ultimate Tensile Strength per Strand
(vi)
Cross Sectional Area per Strand
As =
(vii)
Modulus of Elasticity of Strand
Es =
(5)
Proposed Stressing Sequence

STAGE 1 :
(6)
39.600
0.300
39.000
39.600
Number of Stage =
fcu =
@ 28 Days
(iv)
Ap =
H =
yb =
yt =
Ipxx =
wpre =
m =
K =
draw-in =
fs =
PUTS =
STAGE 2 :
Date : 19-Mar-2013
Date : 19-Mar-2013
Stress Cable "A" to
Stress Cable "B" to
Stress Cable "C" to
Stress Cable "D" to
Stress Cable "A" to
Stress Cable "B" to
Stress Cable "C" to
Stress Cable "D" to
869500
2125
1162.3
962.7
Stages
O.K.!
N/mm2
N/mm2
O.K.!
N/mm2
kN/mm2
kN/mm2
O.K.!
kN/mm2
O.K.!
mm2
mm
mm
mm
5.26080E+11 mm4
5.4646E+08 mm3
4.5262E+08 mm3
20.868 kN/m
0.2
0.0033
10
12.9
186.0
100
195.0
/rad
/m
mm
mm
kN
mm2
kN/mm2
50
50
50
50
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
73
73
73
73
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
% of PUTS O.K.!
Jacking Force , Pj (kN) = n(%of PUTS)
Jacking Force
pj1
Stage 1
A
19
1767.0
pj2
Stage 2
2579.8
Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
B
19
1767.0
C
19
1767.0
D
19
1767.0
Total
76
7068.0
2579.8
2579.8
2579.8
10319.3
7 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
(7)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
In-Situ Slab/Flange Properties

Embedment of The Insitu Slab
Thickness of The In-situ Slab
Width of the Top in-situ Slab
(iv)
Area of in-situ flange/slab
Af =
(v)
Concrete Grade
fc =
(vi)
Modulus Elasticity of In-situ
Ein-situ =
(vii)
SelfWeight Of In-Situ Slab
wslab =
(8)
(a)
Composite Beam Section Properties

Total Height of The Composite
Hc =
(b)
Cross Section Area
Ac =
(c)
Centroid from Soffit
yb,c =
(d)
Second Moment of Area
Icxx =
(e)
Section Moduli :
@ Top of Composite section
Zt,c =
(f)
Section Moduli :
@ Top of Precast Beam
Zt,p =
(g)
Section Moduli :
@ Bottom of Top In-situ Slab
Zb,s =
1.0798E+09 mm3
1.0798E+09 mm3
(h)
Section Moduli :
@ Bottom of Precast Beam
Zb,p =
5.3693E+08 mm3
(9)
Modular Ratio
(Einsitu/Ecu2)
(10)
(i)
(ii)
Prestress Losses Calculation Data

Maximum Relaxation of Strands after 1000 h durations
Creep of Concrete per Unit Length
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Shrinkage per Unit Length

No. of weeks of Stage 2 Prestressing after Stage 1
Allowed % of Final Losses at Stage 1 Transfer, Stage 2 Transfer and Stage 2 Service :
At Stage 2 Service
mm
mm
mm
mm2
N/mm2
kN/mm2
kN/m
2305 mm
1150300 mm2
1419.28 mm
7.6205E+11 mm4
8.6037E+08 mm3
0.824
% =
ec =
2.5 %
2
0.000036 per N/mm
es =
=
2.00E-04
2 weeks
% of Total Final Losses During Stage 1 Stressing

During Stage 1 Stressing
Friction Losses
Draw-In Wegdes
Elast. Shrt.
100
100
100
Occured During Stage 1 but Before Stage 2 Stressing
% of Total Final Losses During Stage 2 Stressing
Assumed Losses
At Stage 2 Transfer
0
180
1950
351000
30
28.0
8.900
m =
Assumed Losses
At Stage 1 Transfer
=
t =
lf =
37478
Steel Relaxation
Shrinkage
Creep
33
33
% of Total Final Losses @ Stage 1 Stressing
During Stage 2 Stressing
Remaining from Stage 1
Friction Losses
Draw-In Wegdes
Elast. Shrt.
Steel Relaxation
Shrinkage
Creep
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
67
100
67
67
100
Total (%) of Loss From Stage 1 and Stage 2
(11)
Post-Tensioning Cable Profile
(12)
Height of Centre-Line of Cables From Soffit of Beam

(m)
End Conditions
-1 *
1 *
-1 *
1 *
Support
Midspan
Cable Mark
A
B
C
D
Total
Lx (m)
X0 (m)
Nos. Of Strands
19
19
19
19
76
Near End
e'
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Ye
Beam Ends
19.800
1875.0
1525.0
1175.0
825.0
1350.0
0.000
19.500
1832.4
1489.4
1146.3
803.2
1317.8
4.875
14.625
1232.0
986.5
741.0
495.5
863.8
9.750
9.750
803.1
627.3
451.6
275.8
539.5
14.625
4.875
545.8
411.8
277.9
143.9
344.9
Ym
19.500
0.000
460.0
340.0
220.0
100.0
280.0
24.375
4.875
545.8
411.8
277.9
143.9
344.9
29.250
9.750
803.1
627.3
451.6
275.8
539.5
34.125
14.625
1232.0
986.5
741.0
495.5
863.8
39.000
19.500
1832.4
1489.4
1146.3
803.2
1317.8
Ye
Beam Ends
19.800
1350.0
1875.0
1525.0
1175.0
825.0
Far End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Note : * = Please Type " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and Type " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.
2 * artanh [4(Drape)/Lbeam ]
qsum = qsupport1 qmidspan+ qsupport2 =
Sum Of Cable Deviation Angle
Distance of Section from
Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
Drape = Ye - Ym
(mm)
qsum
(rad)
Sum of Cable Angular Deviations (in radian),
KKHONG (OCT 1998)
A
19
1415.00
B
19
1185.00
C
19
955.00
D
19
725.00
0.2839
0.2383
0.1923
0.1462
76
8 of 21

Job No. :
37478
Stage 1 Post Tensioning

Prestress Losses
(1)
Immediate Losses
1(a) Friction Loss

(i)
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.3)
Force Gradient
A
0.2839
B
0.2383
C
0.1923
D
0.1462
0.1875
0.8291
0.1783
0.8367
0.1691
0.8444
0.1599
0.8522
Total Loss of Prestr. Force due to Friction Losses

pfrict.Loss (kN)
pfrict.Loss = (1 - e-(mq+KLcable))*pj1
302.1
288.6
275.0
261.1
1126.79
As a percentage of pj1
% of pj1
17.1
16.3
15.6
14.8
15.94
% of PUTS
8.5
8.2
7.8
7.4
7.97
Cable Mark
qsum
mqsum + KLcable
e-(mq + KLcable)
As a percentage of PUTS
Cable Force @ Dead End after Frict. Losses

pd = pj1 - pfrict.Loss
pd (kN)
1464.9
1478.4
1492.0
1505.9
5941.21
% of PUTS
41.5
41.8
42.2
42.6
42.03
Loss of Pres. Force per unit length/Force Gradient

dp = (pfrict.Loss/Lcable)
dp (kN/m)
7.628
7.288
6.944
6.595
28.454
(ii)
Total
Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction Losses

A
B
C
D
-1 *
1 *
-1 *
1 *
Total
Lx (m)
X0 (m)
dp (kN/m)
-7.628
7.288
-6.944
6.595
Near End
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Beam Ends
19.800
1767.0
1478.4
1767.0
1505.9
6518.2
SUPPORT 1
0.000
19.500
1764.7
1480.6
1764.9
1507.8
6518.0
4.875
14.625
1727.5
1516.1
1731.1
1540.0
6514.7
9.750
9.750
1690.3
1551.6
1697.2
1572.1
6511.3
14.625
4.875
1653.2
1587.2
1663.4
1604.3
6508.0
MIDSPAN
19.500
0.000
1616.0
1622.7
1629.5
1636.4
6504.6
24.375
4.875
1578.8
1658.2
1595.7
1668.6
6501.2
29.250
9.750
1541.6
1693.8
1561.8
1700.7
6497.9
34.125
14.625
1504.4
1729.3
1528.0
1732.9
6494.5
SUPPORT 2
39.000
19.500
1467.2
1764.8
1494.1
1765.0
6491.2
Beam Ends
19.800
1464.9
1767.0
1492.0
1767.0
6491.0
Far End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Note : * = Please Type " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and Type " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.
Distance of the section from
Suppport
Midpsan
Cable Mark
Incre/decre.
9 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

1(b) Prestressing Force Loss due to Draw-in Wedges

(i)
Job No. :
37478
(VSL Prestressing System)
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End

A
Total
22.039
22.547
23.099
23.703
Cable Mark
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End,
w = (draw-in * Es * As * n /dp)1/2
w < Lcable
w (m)
Loss of Force @ Live Ends Due to Wedges Draw-in
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * w * dp
pdraw-inLoss (kN)
336.22
328.65
320.79
312.62
1298.28
% of pj1
19.0
18.6
18.2
17.7
18.37
% of PUTS
9.5
9.3
9.1
8.8
9.18
(ii)
(iii)
Draw-in Wedges Losses Along Beam Length

Distance From
pdraw-inLoss (kN)
Suppport
Cable Mark
Total, Pdraw-inLoss
Lx (m)
(kN)
(% of Pj1)
(% of PUTS)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
331.64
257.27
182.90
108.53
34.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
40.04
111.10
182.16
253.22
324.28
316.62
248.92
181.22
113.52
45.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.48
115.77
180.07
244.37
308.66
648.27
506.19
364.12
222.05
171.49
226.87
362.23
497.58
632.94
9.17
7.16
5.15
3.14
2.43
3.21
5.12
7.04
8.96
4.59
3.58
2.58
1.57
1.21
1.60
2.56
3.52
4.48
For -ve Force Gradient,

Lx < w
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * (w - Lx)
For +ve Force Gradient,

(Lcable - Lx) < w,
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * ( w - (Lcable - Lx))
Lx >= w
(Lcable - Lx)>=w,
pdraw-inLoss = 0
pdraw-inLoss = 0
Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Cable Mark
Distance From
Suppport
Lx (m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
1433.1
1470.3
1507.4
1544.6
1581.8
1578.8
1541.6
1504.4
1467.2
1480.6
1516.1
1551.6
1587.2
1582.7
1547.1
1511.6
1476.1
1440.5
1448.3
1482.1
1516.0
1549.8
1583.7
1595.7
1561.8
1528.0
1494.1
1507.8
1540.0
1572.1
1604.3
1585.0
1552.8
1520.7
1488.5
1456.4
Allowable
Total
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
5869.77
6008.49
6147.20
6285.91
6333.11
6274.38
6135.67
5996.95
5858.24
41.52
42.50
43.49
44.47
44.80
44.39
43.40
42.42
41.44
< 70% OK!

< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
10 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
1(c) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening of the concrete
is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel, dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss
0.5(Es/Ec1)*ftendon for post-tensioned beam
(ref. BS5400:Part4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
N.B. ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
ES is modulus of elasticity of the prestressing tendon
Ec1 is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at Stage1
(i)
Moment & Concrete Stress Due To Selfweight of Precast Beam

M
(kNm)
ft
fb
(m)
Lx
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
e'
(mm)
(N/mm2)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
0.000
3.176
5.445
6.807
7.260
6.807
5.445
3.176
0.000
0.000
-3.835
-6.574
-8.218
-8.766
-8.218
-6.574
-3.835
0.000
1317.8
863.8
539.5
344.9
280.0
344.9
539.5
863.8
1317.8
0.000
-0.985
-3.523
-5.780
-6.654
-5.780
-3.523
-0.985
0.000
Moment, M = w(Lx/2)(Leff -L x)
ft = M/Zt
fb = -M/Zb
(ii)
ftendon
H = Total Height of Precast Beam.

e' = Distance from centroid of tendon to soffit.
ftendon = fb + [(-fb+ft)x(e'/H)]
Concrete Stress Due To Prestressing Force After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Lx
e = yb - e'
Pi
ft
fb
ftendon
(m)
(mm)
(kN)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
5869.77
6008.49
6147.20
6285.91
6333.11
6274.38
6135.67
5996.95
5858.24
8.421
3.628
0.063
-2.174
-2.942
-2.170
0.063
3.621
8.405
4.734
10.873
15.529
18.582
19.629
18.548
15.500
10.852
4.725
7.021
7.928
11.603
15.213
16.655
15.185
11.581
7.913
7.007
e' = distance from centroid of tendon to soffit of Precast Beam

e = distance from centroid of tendon to neutral axis of Precast Beam
Ap = Cross Section Area of Precast Beam
Pi = Total Initial Prestress Forces after Friction and Wedge Draw-in Losses
ft = Pi/Ap - Pie/Zt
(iii)
fb = Pi/Ap + Pie/Zb
Calculation of Prestress Loss Due To Elastic Shortening of Concrete Along Beam Length
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Stress at Tendon Level (ftendon)
Loss of Prestress = 0.5*ftendon(Es/Ec1)
Selfweight
Prestress
Total (Stage 1)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(% of Pj1)
(% of PUTS)
0.000
-0.985
-3.523
-5.780
-6.654
-5.780
-3.523
-0.985
0.000
7.021
7.928
11.603
15.213
16.655
15.185
11.581
7.913
7.007
7.021
6.943
8.080
9.434
10.001
9.406
8.058
6.928
7.007
24.447
24.177
28.135
32.850
34.824
32.753
28.059
24.124
24.399
185.795
183.745
213.827
249.661
264.666
248.922
213.251
183.342
185.430
2.629
2.600
3.025
3.532
3.745
3.522
3.017
2.594
2.624
1.31
1.30
1.51
1.77
1.87
1.76
1.51
1.30
1.31
11 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
1(d) Summary of Immediate Losses (Friction Loss, Draw-in Loss And Elastic Shortening Loss)
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
% of Immediate Loss from PUTS
Immediate Losses
Friction Loss
Draw-in Loss
Elastic Loss
Total
Friction Loss
Draw-in Loss
Elastic Loss
Total
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
550.0
553.3
556.7
560.0
563.4
566.8
570.1
573.5
576.8
648.27
506.19
364.12
222.05
171.49
226.87
362.23
497.58
632.94
185.795
183.745
213.827
249.661
264.666
248.922
213.251
183.342
185.430
1384.0
1243.3
1134.6
1031.7
999.6
1042.5
1145.6
1254.4
1395.2
3.89
3.91
3.94
3.96
3.99
4.01
4.03
4.06
4.08
4.59
3.58
2.58
1.57
1.21
1.60
2.56
3.52
4.48
1.31
1.30
1.51
1.77
1.87
1.76
1.51
1.30
1.31
9.79
8.79
8.03
7.30
7.07
7.38
8.10
8.87
9.87
1(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In Cables
Lx
Jacking Force
Total
Cable Force After
Allowable
(m)
Pj1
Immediate Loss
Immediate Loss
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
(% of Pj1)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
19.58
17.59
16.05
14.60
14.14
14.75
16.21
17.75
19.74
5684.0
5824.7
5933.4
6036.3
6068.4
6025.5
5922.4
5813.6
5672.8
40.21
41.21
41.97
42.70
42.93
42.62
41.90
41.13
40.13
< 70% OK!
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
< 70% OK!

< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
NOTE : Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS.
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
1(f)
Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete at Transfer
Allowable Tensile Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer
Allowable Compressive Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer
Lx
-1.00
15.00
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)

(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)
Concrete Stresses
Cable Force After
Moment Due to
Beam Selfweight
ft
fb
ftendon
(mm)
Immediate Loss
(kN)
(kNm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
5684.0
5824.7
5933.4
6036.3
6068.4
6025.5
5922.4
5813.6
5672.8
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
8.155
6.693
5.506
4.719
4.442
4.723
5.506
6.687
8.139
4.584
6.706
8.414
9.626
10.043
9.594
8.387
6.686
4.575
6.798
6.701
7.676
8.830
9.305
8.804
7.656
6.686
6.785
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
=
=
Allowable
Checks
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
12 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

(2)
Job No. :
37478
Deferred Losses Before Stage 2 Stressing
2(a) Relaxation of Steel
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force
equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to or greater that the relevant jacking force
has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
(i)
(ii)
=
=
2.5
0.0
n (nos)
pj1 (kN)
A
19
1767.0
B
19
1767.0
C
19
1767.0
D
19
1767.0
TOTAL
76
7068
prelaxLoss (kN)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
% of pj1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
% of PUTS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
At 1000 hours, Relaxation of Steel of Cable

Assumed Percentage Occurred During Stage 1 Transfer
Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
Jacking Force
Total Relaxation Loss in Force
Relaxation Loss as percentage of pj1
Relaxation Loss as percentage of PUTS
2(b) Shrinkage of Concrete Losses

(i)
% of Jacking Force
% of final
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
From BS 5400:Part 4:1990:Table 29,

Shrinkage per unit length
Humid exposure
Normal exposure
(90% r.h)
(70% r.h)
System
Post-tensioning : transfer at
between 7 days and 14 days
after concreting
es
(ii)
Shrinkage Strain used in the Design,
es =
200.0E-6
(iii)
Assumed Percentage Occurred,

during Stage 1 Transfer.
%=
33
fshrink.Loss =
=
=
es
200.0E-6
12.999
70 x 10-6
per unit length
% of final
(iii)
Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress,

(During Stage 1 Transfer)
(iv)
Shrinkage of Concrete Losses in all Cables (During Stage 1 Transfer), p shrink.Loss

Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
200 x 10-6
x
x
N/mm2 per strand
Es
195000
x (% During Stage 1 Transfer)

x
0.3333
A
19
B
19
C
19
D
19
TOTAL
76
Total Shrinkage Loss in Force

As Loss in percentage of pi1
pshrink.Loss (kN)
24.69753
24.69753
24.69753
24.698
98.790
% of pj1
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
As Loss in percentage of PUTS
% of PUTS
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
13 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

2(c) Creep of Concrete Losses
Job No. :
37478
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990: Cl. 6.7.2.5)
- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption that creep is proportional to
stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.
- For Post-tensioning System :
If the required cube strength at transfer is greater than 40.0 N/mm2, the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 per N/mm2.
For lower values of the cube strength at transfer (fci), the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 x (40.0/fci) per N/mm2.
Where the maximum stress anywhere in the section at transfer exceeds one-third of the cube strength, the value of the
creep should be increased with the factor as below:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Increased factor
(Max stress @ Transfer - fci/3)*0.25

(fci/2- fci/3)
(iv)
Calculation of Stress in the concrete adjacent to the tendon after elastic deformation losses
-
Creep Strain
Assumed Concrete Creep Loss During Stage 1 Transfer
Increased factor
One -third (1/3) of Concrete cube Strength at Stage 1, fci1
ec =
%=
Es =
=
fci1/3 =
Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons level, f tendon
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
After
After Steel
Immediate Loss Relaxation Loss
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
6.798
6.701
7.676
8.830
9.305
8.804
7.656
6.686
6.785
6.798
6.701
7.676
8.830
9.305
8.804
7.656
6.686
6.785
Maximum
Stress
4.80E-05
33.33
195.0
1.000
10.00
per N/mm2
% of final
kN/mm2
N/mm2 .
Creep Loss
(During Stage 1 Transfer/ Before Stage 2 Stressing)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(% of Pj1)
(% of PUTS)
9.305
21.209
20.904
23.947
27.546
29.028
27.464
23.883
20.858
21.167
161.187
158.871
182.001
209.347
220.614
208.728
181.510
158.522
160.871
2.28
2.25
2.57
2.96
3.12
2.95
2.57
2.24
2.28
1.14
1.12
1.29
1.48
1.56
1.48
1.28
1.12
1.14
Where,
(i) Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Losses
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - The Steel Relaxation Loss at Stage 1 transfer
(ii) Creep Loss = Stress at tendon level * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor * % occured @ Stage 1 Transfer
14 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
2(d) Summary of Deferred Losses (Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
% of Deferred Loss from PUTS
Deferred Losses
Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
98.79
161.187
158.871
182.001
209.347
220.614
208.728
181.510
158.522
160.871
260.0
257.7
280.8
308.1
319.4
307.5
280.3
257.3
259.7
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
1.14
1.12
1.29
1.48
1.56
1.48
1.28
1.12
1.14
1.84
1.82
1.99
2.18
2.26
2.18
1.98
1.82
1.84
2(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks
Lx
Jacking Force
(m)
Pj1
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Total
Total
Cable Force After
Total Stage 1
Immediate Loss Deferred Loss
(kN)
(% of Pj1)
(% of Pj1)
Losses
(% of Pj1)
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
7068.0
19.58
17.59
16.05
14.60
14.14
14.75
16.21
17.75
19.74
3.68
3.65
3.97
4.36
4.52
4.35
3.97
3.64
3.67
23.26
21.24
20.03
18.96
18.66
19.10
20.17
21.39
23.41
Allowable
Immediate & Deferred Losses
(% of PUTS)
Immediate Loss
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
5684.0
5824.7
5933.4
6036.3
6068.4
6025.5
5922.4
5813.6
5672.8
5424.0
5567.1
5652.6
5728.1
5749.0
5717.9
5642.1
5556.3
5413.1
38.37
39.38
39.99
40.52
40.67
40.45
39.91
39.31
38.29
< 70% OK!

< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
NOTE : Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
2(f)
Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate & Deferred Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete
at Transfer (Not Required to Check - Can Be Ommited)
Lx
(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)

(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)
Concrete Stresses
Cable Force After
Moment Due to
Beam Selfweight
ft
fb
ftendon
(mm)
All Loss
(kN)
(kNm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
5424.0
5567.1
5652.6
5728.1
5749.0
5717.9
5642.1
5556.3
5413.1
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
7.782
6.538
5.504
4.826
4.590
4.829
5.503
6.531
7.766
4.374
6.239
7.705
8.715
9.053
8.685
7.679
6.220
4.366
6.487
6.361
7.146
8.084
8.465
8.059
7.126
6.346
6.474
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-1.00 N/mm2
15.00 N/mm2
=
=
Allowable
Checks
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
- END OF STAGE 1 CALCULATIONS -
15 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
Stage 2 Post Tensioning

Prestress Losses
(3)
Immediate Losses
3(a) Friction Loss

(i)
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.3)
Force Gradient
A
0.2839
B
0.2383
C
0.1923
D
0.1462
0.1875
0.8291
0.1783
0.8367
0.1691
0.8444
0.1599
0.8522
Total Loss of Prestr. Force due to Friction Losses

pfrict.Loss (kN)
pfrict.Loss = (1 - e-(mq+KLcable))*pj2
% of pj2
441.0
421.4
401.5
381.3
1645.11
17.1
16.3
15.6
14.8
15.94
12.5
11.9
11.4
10.8
11.64
2138.8
2158.4
2178.4
2198.6
8674.17
60.5
61.1
61.6
62.2
61.36
11.136
10.641
10.138
9.628
41.543
Cable Mark
qsum
mqsum + KLcable
e-(mq + KLcable)
% of PUTS
Cable Force @ Dead End after Frict. Losses

pd = pj2 - pfrict.Loss
pd (kN)
% of PUTS
Loss of Pres. Force per unit length/Force Gradient

dp = (pfrict.Loss/Lcable)
dp (kN/m)
(ii)
Total
Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction Losses

A
B
C
D
-1 *
1 *
-1 *
1 *
Lx (m)
X0 (m)
dp (kN/m)
-11.136
10.641
-10.138
9.628
Near End
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Beam Ends
19.800
2579.8
2158.4
2579.8
2198.6
SUPPORT 1
0.000
19.500
2576.5
2161.6
2576.8
2201.4
4.875
14.625
2522.2
2213.5
2527.4
2248.4
9.750
9.750
2467.9
2265.4
2477.9
2295.3
14.625
4.875
2413.6
2317.3
2428.5
2342.2
MIDSPAN
19.500
0.000
2359.3
2369.1
2379.1
2389.2
24.375
4.875
2305.0
2421.0
2329.7
2436.1
29.250
9.750
2250.7
2472.9
2280.2
2483.1
34.125
14.625
2196.4
2524.8
2230.8
2530.0
SUPPORT 2
39.000
19.500
2142.2
2576.6
2181.4
2576.9
Beam Ends
19.800
2138.8
2579.8
2178.4
2579.8
Far End
Dead End
Live End
Dead End
Live End
Note : * = " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.
Distance of the Section from
Suppport
Midpsan
Cable Mark
Incre/decre.
Total
9516.6
9516.3
9511.4
9506.5
9501.6
9496.7
9491.8
9486.9
9482.0
9477.1
9476.8
16 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

3(b) Prestressing Force Loss due to Draw-in Wedges

(i)
Job No. :
37478
(VSL Prestressing System)
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End

A
Total
18.240
18.660
19.117
19.617
Cable Mark
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End,
w = (draw-in * Es * As * n /dp)1/2
w < Lcable
w (m)
Loss of Force @ Live Ends Due to Wedges Draw-in
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * w * dp
pdraw-inLoss (kN)
406.25
397.11
387.61
377.74
1568.72
% of pj2
15.7
15.4
15.0
14.6
15.20
% of PUTS
11.5
11.2
11.0
10.7
11.10
(ii)
(iii)
Draw-in Wedges Losses Along Beam Length

Distance From
pdraw-inLoss (kN)
Suppport
Cable Mark
Total, Pdraw-inLoss
Lx (m)
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(% of PUTS)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
399.57
290.99
182.41
73.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.48
183.23
286.98
390.73
381.53
282.69
183.84
85.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
90.34
184.22
278.09
371.96
781.10
573.68
366.25
158.83
0.00
169.83
367.45
565.07
762.69
7.57
5.56
3.55
1.54
0.00
1.65
3.56
5.48
7.39
5.53
4.06
2.59
1.12
0.00
1.20
2.60
4.00
5.40
For -ve Force Gradient,

Lx < w
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * (w - Lx)
For +ve Force Gradient,

(Lcable - Lx) < w,
pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * ( w - (Lcable - Lx))
Lx >= w
(Lcable - Lx)>= w,
pdraw-inLoss = 0
pdraw-inLoss = 0
Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Cable Mark
Distance From
Suppport
Lx (m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
2176.9
2231.2
2285.5
2339.8
2359.3
2305.0
2250.7
2196.4
2142.2
2161.6
2213.5
2265.4
2317.3
2369.1
2341.5
2289.6
2237.8
2185.9
2195.2
2244.7
2294.1
2343.5
2379.1
2329.7
2280.2
2230.8
2181.4
2201.4
2248.4
2295.3
2342.2
2389.2
2345.8
2298.8
2251.9
2205.0
Allowable
Total
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
8735.23
8937.76
9140.28
9342.80
9496.73
9322.00
9119.48
8916.95
8714.43
61.79
63.23
64.66
66.09
67.18
65.95
64.51
63.08
61.65
< 70% OK!

< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
17 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
3(c) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening of the concrete
is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel, dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss
0.5(Es/Ec2)*ftendon for post-tensioned beam
(ref. BS 5400:Part 4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
N.B. ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
Ec2 is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at Stage 2 Service
(i)
Moment & Concrete Stress Due To Selfweight of Precast Beam

M
(kNm)
ft
fb
(m)
Lx
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
e'
(mm)
(N/mm2)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
0.000
3.176
5.445
6.807
7.260
6.807
5.445
3.176
0.000
0.000
-3.835
-6.574
-8.218
-8.766
-8.218
-6.574
-3.835
0.000
1317.8
863.8
539.5
344.9
280.0
344.9
539.5
863.8
1317.8
0.000
-0.985
-3.523
-5.780
-6.654
-5.780
-3.523
-0.985
0.000
Moment, M = w(Lx/2)(Leff -L x)
ft = M/Zt
fb = -M/Zb
(ii)
ftendon
H = Total Height of Precast Beam.

e' = Distance from centroid of tendon to soffit.
Concrete Stress Due To Prestressing Force After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Lx
e = yb - e'
Pi
ft
fb
ftendon
(m)
(mm)
(kN)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
8735.23
8937.76
9140.28
9342.80
9496.73
9322.00
9119.48
8916.95
8714.43
12.532
5.397
0.094
-3.231
-4.411
-3.223
0.094
5.384
12.502
7.045
16.174
23.090
27.618
29.434
27.557
23.037
16.136
7.028
10.448
11.793
17.252
22.612
24.975
22.561
17.213
11.766
10.423
e' = distance from centroid of tendon to soffit

e = distance from centroid of tendon to neutral axis of Precast
Ap = Cross Section Area of Precast Beam
Pi = Total Initial Prestress Forces after Friction and Wedge Draw-in Losses
ft = Pi/Ap - Pie/Zt
(iii)
fb = Pi/Ap + Pie/Zb
Calculation of Prestress Loss Due To Elastic Shortening of Concrete Along Beam Length
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Stress at Tendon Level (ftendon)
Net Stress at tendon
Loss of Prestress = 0.5*ftendon(Es/Ec2)
Selfweight
Prestress
Total (Stage 2) (Stage 2 - Stage 1)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(% of PUTS)
0.000
-0.985
-3.523
-5.780
-6.654
-5.780
-3.523
-0.985
0.000
10.448
11.793
17.252
22.612
24.975
22.561
17.213
11.766
10.423
10.448
10.808
13.729
16.832
18.321
16.782
13.690
10.781
10.423
3.427
3.865
5.649
7.398
8.320
7.376
5.632
3.853
3.416
9.828
11.084
16.201
21.216
23.858
21.152
16.150
11.049
9.796
74.694
84.237
123.124
161.242
181.321
160.753
122.743
83.971
74.453
0.724
0.816
1.193
1.563
1.757
1.558
1.189
0.814
0.721
0.53
0.60
0.87
1.14
1.28
1.14
0.87
0.59
0.53
18 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
3(d) Summary of Immediate Losses (Friction Loss, Draw-in Loss And Elastic Shortening Loss)
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
% of Immediate Loss from PUTS
Immediate Losses
Friction Loss
Draw-in Loss
Elastic Loss
Total
Friction Loss
Draw-in Loss
Elastic Loss
Total
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
802.9
807.8
812.7
817.7
822.6
827.5
832.4
837.3
842.2
781.10
573.68
366.25
158.83
0.00
169.83
367.45
565.07
762.69
74.694
84.237
123.124
161.242
181.321
160.753
122.743
83.971
74.453
1658.7
1465.8
1302.1
1137.7
1003.9
1158.0
1322.5
1486.3
1679.3
5.68
5.71
5.75
5.78
5.82
5.85
5.89
5.92
5.96
5.53
4.06
2.59
1.12
0.00
1.20
2.60
4.00
5.40
0.53
0.60
0.87
1.14
1.28
1.14
0.87
0.59
0.53
11.73
10.37
9.21
8.05
7.10
8.19
9.36
10.51
11.88
3(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In Cables
Lx
Jacking Force
Total
Cable Force After
Allowable
(m)
Pj2
Immediate Loss
Immediate Loss
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
16.07
14.20
12.62
11.03
9.73
11.22
12.82
14.40
16.27
8660.5
8853.5
9017.2
9181.6
9315.4
9161.2
8996.7
8833.0
8640.0
61.27
62.63
63.79
64.95
65.90
64.81
63.64
62.49
61.12
< 70% OK!
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
< 70% OK!

< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
< 70% OK!
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
3(f)
Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete at Transfer
Lx
-1.00
20.00
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)

(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)
Concrete Stresses
Cable Force After
Moment Due to
Immediate Loss
Beam Selfweight
ft
fb
ftendon
(mm)
(kN)
(kNm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
8660.5
8853.5
9017.2
9181.6
9315.4
9161.2
8996.7
8833.0
8640.0
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
12.425
8.522
5.538
3.632
2.934
3.639
5.538
8.510
12.396
6.985
12.187
16.205
18.924
20.107
18.864
16.153
12.149
6.968
10.359
10.697
13.497
16.442
17.844
16.393
13.458
10.670
10.334
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
=
=
Allowable
Checks
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
NOT OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
19 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

(4)
Job No. :
37478
Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Stressing
4(a) Relaxation of Steel
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force
equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to or greater that the relevant jacking force
has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
(i)
At 1000 hours, Relaxation of Steel of Cable
2.5
n (nos)
pj2 (kN)
A
19
2579.8
B
19
2579.8
C
19
2579.8
D
19
2579.8
TOTAL
76
10319.28
Total Final Relaxation Loss in Force
prelaxLoss (kN)
64.50
64.50
64.50
64.50
257.98
Relaxation Loss as percentage of pj2
% of pj2
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
% of PUTS
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
Jacking Force
Relaxation Loss as percentage of PUTS
4(b) Shrinkage of Concrete Losses

(i)
% of Jacking Force
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)

Humid exposure
Normal exposure
(90% r.h)
(70% r.h)
System
after concreting
es
(ii)
Shrinkage Strain used in the Design,
es =
200.0E-6
(iii)
Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress,

(Final Loss)
fshrink.Loss =
=
=
es
200.0E-6
39.000
(iv)
Shrinkage of Concrete Final Losses in all Cables, pshrink.Loss

Cable Mark
Nos. Of Strands
70 x 10-6
200 x 10-6
x
x
N/mm2 per strand
Es
195000
A
19
B
19
C
19
D
19
TOTAL
76
Total Shrinkage Loss in Force

As Loss in percentage of pi2
pshrink.Loss (kN)
74.1
74.1
74.1
74.100
296.400
% of pj2
2.87
2.87
2.87
2.87
2.87
As Loss in percentage of PUTS
% of PUTS
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
20 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

4(c) Creep of Concrete Losses
Job No. :
37478
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990: Cl. 6.7.2.5)
- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption that creep is proportional to
stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.
- For Post-tensioning System :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Increased factor
(Max stress @ Transfer - fci/3)*0.25

(fci/2- fci/3)
(iv)
Calculation of Stress in the concrete adjacent to the tendon after elastic deformation losses
- Creep Strain
-

Increased factor
One -third (1/3) of Concrete cube Strength at Stage 2
Assumed Steel Relaxation Loss During Stage 2 Transfer
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
ec =
Es =
=
fci2/3 =
%=
195
1.022
16.67
100.00
per N/mm2
kN/mm2
N/mm2 .
% of final
From Stage 1 Stressing
From Stage 2 Stressing
After
After Steel
Immediate Loss
(N/mm2)
6.798
6.701
7.676
8.830
9.305
8.804
7.656
6.686
6.785
6.798
6.701
7.676
8.830
9.305
8.804
7.656
6.686
6.785
For Creep Loss Calculation
After Steel Relaxation Loss
Relaxation Loss
Stress
ftendon(Stage2)-ftendon(Stage1)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
17.398
3.301
3.729
5.483
7.201
8.093
7.180
5.466
3.717
3.291
After
After Steel
Relaxation Loss
Stress
Immediate Loss
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
9.305
10.359
10.697
13.497
16.442
17.844
16.393
13.458
10.670
10.334
10.100
10.430
13.159
16.031
17.398
15.983
13.122
10.403
10.076
Creep Loss During Stage 2

(Final Loss)
During Stage 2
During Stage 2
Maximum
Maximum
For Creep Loss Calculation
Lx
(m)
3.60E-05
Remaining
Creep Loss
After Steel Relaxation Loss
fromStage1
ftendon(Stage2)-ftendon(Stage1)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
3.301
3.729
5.483
7.201
8.093
7.180
5.466
3.717
3.291
23.683
26.752
39.336
51.662
58.057
51.506
39.215
26.667
23.606
179.987
203.312
298.955
392.631
441.235
391.442
298.033
202.673
179.408
1.74
1.97
2.90
3.80
4.28
3.79
2.89
1.96
1.74
1.27
1.44
2.11
2.78
3.12
2.77
2.11
1.43
1.27
322.423
317.789
364.056
418.757
441.295
417.518
363.075
317.092
321.789
Where, (Only for 2 stages Stressing)

(i) Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Loss
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - the Steel Relaxation Losses at Stage 2 Transfer
(ii) Total Creep Loss At Stage 2 ( due to additional prestressing in Stage 2 compared to Stage 1)
= (Stress at tendon level during Stage 2 - Stress at tendon level During Stage 1) * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor
21 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
4(d) Summary of Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Transfer

(Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Assumed Percentage of Losses : (i) Relaxation
(ii) Shrinkage
(iii) Creep (S1)
(iv) Creep (S2)
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
=
=
=
=
100.00
66.67
66.67
100.00
% of final
% of final
% of Stage 1 final Creep Loss
Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Transfer

Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
502.410
521.101
663.010
811.389
882.530
808.961
661.108
519.765
501.198
958.0
976.7
1118.6
1267.0
1338.1
1264.6
1116.7
975.4
956.8
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
3.55
3.69
4.69
5.74
6.24
5.72
4.68
3.68
3.55
6.78
6.91
7.91
8.96
9.47
8.95
7.90
6.90
6.77
4(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In
Cables During Stage 2 Transfer
Lx
Jacking Force
(m)
Pj2
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Total
Total
Cable Force After
Total Stage 2
Immediate Loss Deferred Loss
Transfer Losses
Immediate Loss
Allowable
(% of PUTS)
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(% of Pj2)
(% of Pj2)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
16.07
14.20
12.62
11.03
9.73
11.22
12.82
14.40
16.27
9.28
9.46
10.84
12.28
12.97
12.25
10.82
9.45
9.27
25.36
23.67
23.46
23.30
22.70
23.48
23.64
23.85
25.55
8660.5
8853.5
9017.2
9181.6
9315.4
9161.2
8996.7
8833.0
8640.0
7702.5
7876.8
7898.6
7914.6
7977.3
7896.7
7880.0
7857.6
7683.2
54.49
55.72
55.88
55.99
56.43
55.86
55.74
55.59
54.35
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
NOTE: Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
4(f)
Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate & Deferred Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete
During Stage 2 Transfer
Lx
(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)

(BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)
Concrete Stresses
Cable Force After
Moment Due to
Beam Selfweight
ft
fb
ftendon
(mm)
All Loss
(kN)
(kNm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
-155.5
298.5
622.8
817.4
882.3
817.4
622.8
298.5
-155.5
7702.5
7876.8
7898.6
7914.6
7977.3
7896.7
7880.0
7857.6
7683.2
0.00
1735.79
2975.65
3719.56
3967.53
3719.56
2975.65
1735.79
0.00
11.051
7.932
5.527
4.070
3.555
4.076
5.527
7.921
11.023
6.212
10.419
13.379
15.178
15.959
15.126
13.332
10.384
6.196
9.213
9.408
11.385
13.376
14.325
13.332
11.351
9.383
9.190
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-1.00 N/mm2
20.00 N/mm2
=
=
Allowable
Checks
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
22 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
4(g) Summary of Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Service

(Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Assumed Percentage of Losses : (i) Relaxation
(ii) Shrinkage
(iii) Creep (S1)
(iv) Creep (S2)
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
=
=
=
=
100.00
66.67
66.67
100.00
% of final
% of final
% of Stage 1 Creep Loss (Remaining from Stage 1 Stressing)
Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Service

Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
Relaxation Loss
Shrinkage Loss
Creep Loss
Total
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
(% of PUTS)
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
258.0
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
197.61
502.410
521.101
663.010
811.389
882.530
808.961
661.108
519.765
501.198
958.0
976.7
1118.6
1267.0
1338.1
1264.6
1116.7
975.4
956.8
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
3.55
3.69
4.69
5.74
6.24
5.72
4.68
3.68
3.55
6.78
6.91
7.91
8.96
9.47
8.95
7.90
6.90
6.77
4(h) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In
Cables During Stage 2 Service
Cable Force After
Lx
Jacking Force
Total
Total
Total Stage 2
(m)
Pj2
Immediate Loss
Deferred Loss
Service Losses
Immediate Loss
(kN)
(% of Pj2)
(% of Pj2)
(% of Pj2)
(kN)
(kN)
(% of PUTS)
Checks
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
10319.3
16.07
14.20
12.62
11.03
9.73
11.22
12.82
14.40
16.27
9.28
9.46
10.84
12.28
12.97
12.25
10.82
9.45
9.27
25.36
23.67
23.46
23.30
22.70
23.48
23.64
23.85
25.55
8660.5
8853.5
9017.2
9181.6
9315.4
9161.2
8996.7
8833.0
8640.0
7702.5
7876.8
7898.6
7914.6
7977.3
7896.7
7880.0
7857.6
7683.2
54.49
55.72
55.88
55.99
56.43
55.86
55.74
55.59
54.35
<70%, OK!
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Allowable
(% of PUTS)
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
<70%, OK!
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
- END OF STAGE 2 LOSSES CALCULATIONS -
23 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE BETWEEN PRECAST BEAM AND IN-SITU SLAB

(IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESEARCH REPORT NO. 15 : NOVEMBER 1963 - AN INVESTIGATIONOF THE BEHAVIOUR OF
THE COMPOSITE CONCRETE BEAMS FROM C&CA )
(BS 5400:Part4:1990 Cl.7.4.3.4)
Before the two concretes could be jointed together, external forces and moments would have to be applied to the beam to
straighten it. Firstly the moment is to be applied:
Mb = F2EcIpxx
Ec = Young's modulus of the precast beam concrete

Ipxx = Second moment of area of the precast beam
F2 = Rotation of the beam = 1/H (sbb - sbt)
where ,
sbb = free total strain movement of the bottom fibres

sbt = free total strain movement of the top fibres
H = Total depth of precast beam
A pair of tensile forces is now applied to the ends of the slab at its centroid; these forces (F) are of such magnitude that the
elongation of the slabs equals the differential shrinkage, i.e.
F = dEin-situA1
d = Differential shrinkage coefficient

Ein-situ= Modulus of elasticity of the in-situ concrete
A1= Area of the in-situ flange/slab
where,
Assume deck slab is cast one month after precast beams, so then 50 % of the shrinkage has taken place.
Hence,
d = 0.5 * Differential shrinkage coefficient
The two concrete can now be jointed together and equal and opposite forces and moments applied to cancel F and M b.
Since the two concrete are now acting as a composite section, the compressive cancelling forces -F will be accompained by
a moment,
Mc =
Fe1
e1 = Diatance between the centroid of insitu flange

to centroid of composite section
where,
The net value of the cancelling moment is therefore,

Mc ' =
Mc - Mb
= Fe1 - Mb
The resulting stresses in the cross-section due to these external and cancelling forces can now be dertermined, these are, (see Figure 1)
f 1 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y1/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
(Top of Insitu Slab)
f 2 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
(Bottom of Insitu Slab)
f 3 = ( -F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx -Mb yt/Ipxx) * (k)
(Top of Precast Beam)
f 4 = ( -F/Ac + Mc' y4/Icxx + Mb yb/Ipxx) * (k)
(Bottom of Precast Beam)

original length at time of
casting insitu flange
sf
f1
centroid of flange
e1
-F
y1
y2
yt
centroid of
composite
f3
f2
sbt
section
centroid of
precast beam
yb
Mc' = Fe-Mb
y4
Mb
sbb
where,
A1 = area of in situ concrete
A2 = area of precast concrete section
f4
y2 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to top fibre of precast beam
y4 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to soffit fo precast beam
Ac = area of composite concrete section

A1' = transformed area of in situ concrete = (Modular ratio) * A 1
yt = distance from centroid of the precast beam to top of precast beam
yb = distance from centroid of the precast beam to soffit of precast beam
Icxx = moment of inertia/second moment of area of composite section

k = creep reduction coefficient
Ein-situ= Modulus of elasticity of the in-situ concrete
Ec = Young's modulus of the precast beam concrete
y1 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to top fibre of in-situ flange
FIGURE 1 - Theoretical Approach to Differential Shrinkage
24 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Job No. :
37478
CALCULATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE BETWEEN PRECAST BEAM

AND IN-SITU SLAB
(1)
Design Parameter :
(a)
Modular Ratio
(b)
Area of Insitu Slab
m=
A1 =
(c)
Transformed Area of Insitu Slab
A 1' =
(d)
Area of Precast Section
A2 =
(e)
Area of Composite Section
Ac =
(f)
Moment of Inertia of Precast
Ipxx =
(g)
Moment of Inertia of Composite
Icxx =
(h)
Total Depth of Precast Beam
H=
(I)
Thickness of Insitu Slab
(j)
Centroid of Precast to Top fibre
t=
yt =
(k)
Centroid of Precast to Bottom fibre

Centroid of Composite Beam to :
Top of Insitu Slab
yb =
(m)
Top of Precast Beam
y2 =
(n)
Bottom of Precast Beam
y4 =
(o)
Centroid of Top Slab
e1 =
(p)
(q)
Differential Shrinkage Coefficient

Creep Reduction Coefficient
d =
k=
(r)
Modulus of Elasticity of the precast
@transfer
Eci2 =
(s)
Modulus of Elasticity of the precast
@service
Ecu =
(t)
Modulus of Elasticity of the Insitu
(2)
Calculation of The Section Differential Shrinkage Between Precast Beam And Insitu Slab
(a)
Previous Calculated Final stresses due to selfweight and prestressing (after short term losses) :
(l)
(Einsitu/Ecu)
y1 =
0.824
351000
289059
869500
1158559
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm2
5.2608E+11 mm4
7.6205E+11 mm4
2125
180
963
1162
mm
885.72
705.72
1419.28
795.72
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
50.0 % has occured during slab Const...)"
1.00E-04
0.43 (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990: Cl.7.4.3.4)

34 kN/mm2
34 kN/mm2
28 kN/mm2
Ein-situ=
st
Prestress Force
Selfwt. Moment
Lx
@ Stage 2 Transfer
(m)
Pfinal (kN)
(kNm)
DL
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
7702.54
7876.83
7898.55
7914.58
7977.28
7896.69
7880.03
7857.63
7683.19
0.000
1735.794
2975.646
3719.558
3967.529
3719.558
2975.646
1735.794
0.000
0.000
3.176
5.445
6.807
7.260
6.807
5.445
3.176
0.000
Prestress Force
Selfwt. Moment
Lx
@ Stage 2 Transfer
(m)
Pfinal (kN)
(kNm)
DL
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
7702.54
7876.83
7898.55
7914.58
7977.28
7896.69
7880.03
7857.63
7683.19
0.000
1735.794
2975.646
3719.558
3967.529
3719.558
2975.646
1735.794
0.000
0.000
-3.176
-5.445
-6.807
-7.260
-6.807
-5.445
-3.176
0.000
(N/mm2)
Pfinal / A
Pfinal (e)/Zt
8.859
9.059
9.084
9.102
9.175
9.082
9.063
9.037
8.836
2.646
2.242
-4.315
-9.021
-11.933
-12.750
-11.787
-8.956
-4.197
Total
11.504
14.477
10.214
6.888
4.502
3.139
2.721
3.257
4.639
sb
(N/mm2)
Pfinal / A
Pfinal (e)/Zb
8.859
9.059
9.084
9.102
9.175
9.082
9.063
9.037
8.836
-2.646
-2.242
4.315
9.021
11.933
12.750
11.787
8.956
4.197
Total
6.213
3.641
7.954
11.317
13.847
15.025
15.405
14.816
13.034
25 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

(b)
Job No. :
37478
Now calculate the (sbb - sbt), Mb, Mc, Mc' as following : Assuming % of the Creep has occured in the precast beam (short term losses)
when the in-situ slab is cast
=
50.00
% of
3.60E-05
per N/mm2
ec =
creep strain
1.80E-05
per N/mm2
increased creep factor =
1.022
F=
dEin-situA1 =
kN
9.83E+02
(sbb - sbt) = (creep strain when casting of insitu slab)*(increased creep factor)(s b - st)
Then,
and
F2 = Rotation of the beam = 1/H (sbb - sbt)

Mb = F2Eci2Ipxx
Mc = Fe1
Mc ' = Mc - Mb
Lx
(m)
(sbb - sbt)
F2
Mb
(Nmm)
Mc
(Nmm)
Mc '
(Nmm)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-9.73E-05
-1.99E-04
-4.16E-05
8.15E-05
1.72E-04
2.19E-04
2.33E-04
2.13E-04
1.54E-04
-4.58E-08
-9.38E-08
-1.96E-08
3.83E-08
8.09E-08
1.03E-07
1.10E-07
1.00E-07
7.27E-08
-8.193E+08
-1.678E+09
-3.501E+08
6.857E+08
1.447E+09
1.840E+09
1.964E+09
1.790E+09
1.300E+09
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
7.82E+08
1.60E+09
2.46E+09
1.13E+09
9.64E+07
-6.65E+08
-1.06E+09
-1.18E+09
-1.01E+09
-5.18E+08
(c)
Resulting Stresses Due To Differential Shrinkage Between Precast Beam and Insitu Slab
(i)
Determination of stresses at Top of Insitu Slab , f 1
Lx
F/A1'
F/Ac
Mc' y1/Icxx
(m) * (k)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
(ii)
f1
(N/mm2)
(m)
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
1.861
2.859
1.316
0.112
-0.773
-1.230
-1.374
-1.171
-0.602
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
Mc' y2/Icxx
(m) * (k)
0.245
-0.109
0.438
0.864
1.177
1.339
1.390
1.318
1.117
Determination of stresses at Bottom of Insitu Slab , f 2
Lx
F/A1'
F/Ac
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
f2
(N/mm2)
(m)
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
3.400
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
1.483
2.278
1.048
0.089
-0.616
-0.980
-1.095
-0.933
-0.479
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.354
0.378
0.097
0.532
0.872
1.122
1.251
1.291
1.234
1.073
26 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

(iii)
Lx
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
F/Ac
Mc' y2/Icxx
Mb yt/Ipxx
f3
(k)
(N/mm2)
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
1.483
2.278
1.048
0.089
-0.616
-0.980
-1.095
-0.933
-0.479
-1.499
-3.070
-0.641
1.255
2.648
3.368
3.594
3.275
2.378
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
Mb yb/Ipxx
(k)
-0.358
-0.024
-0.540
-0.943
-1.239
-1.391
-1.440
-1.372
-1.181
Determination of stresses at Bottom of Precast Beam , f 4
Lx
F/Ac
Mc' y4/Icxx
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
f4
(N/mm2)
(m)
(3)
37478
Determination of stresses at Top of Precast Beam , f 3
(m)
(iv)
Job No. :
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
0.848
2.982
4.581
2.108
0.179
-1.238
-1.971
-2.201
-1.877
-0.964
-1.810
-3.707
-0.773
1.515
3.197
4.066
4.339
3.954
2.872
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.430
0.139
0.011
0.209
0.364
0.477
0.536
0.554
0.529
0.455
f1 =
Stresses @ Top of Insitu Slab
f2 =
Stresses @ Bottom of Insitu Slab
f3 =
Stresses @ Top of Precast Beam
f4 =
Stresses @ Bottom of Precast Beam
Summary Of The Resulting Stresses After Losses and Differential Shrinkage
Lx
f1
f2
f3
f4
(m)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
-0.245
0.109
-0.438
-0.864
-1.177
-1.339
-1.390
-1.318
-1.117
-0.378
-0.097
-0.532
-0.872
-1.122
-1.251
-1.291
-1.234
-1.073
0.358
0.024
0.540
0.943
1.239
1.391
1.440
1.372
1.181
-0.139
-0.011
-0.209
-0.364
-0.477
-0.536
-0.554
-0.529
-0.455
Note :
f1 =
( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y1/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
f2 =
( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
f3 =
( -F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx -Mb yt/Ipxx) * (k)
f4 =
( -F/Ac + Mc' y4/Icxx + Mb yb/Ipxx) * (k)
In the above table the sign convention has been amended to give tension as -ve
for consistance with other calculations.
End of Calculation Of Differential Shrinkage
27 of 21
KKHONG (OCT 1998)

Prestress Checking at Serviceability Limit State For Post-Tensioned Beam
Job No. :
37478
Prestress Checking at Deflected Sections At Serviceability Limit State For

Precast Prestressed Post-Tensioned Beam Design
Project
Detail
File name
:
:
:
Designed
Checked
PROJECT TITLE
:
:
Date :
Date :
KKL
LTC
##########
##########
DESIGN DATA
Prestressing System Post-tensioned
Tensile stress permitted, but no visible cracking
Precast Beam Section
Post -Tensioned
S40T1 BEAM
; Class
Crack =
2
0
member
mm
Precast Beam
(1) SECTION PROPERTIES OF PRECAST BEAM :

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
TOTAL HEIGHT OF THE PRECAST SECTION

AREA OF PRECAST BEAM
HEIGHT OF CENTROID ABOVE BOTTOM FIBRE
H =
A =
yb =
(iv)
SECTION MUDULI : TOP FIBRE OF PRECAST
Zt =
(v)
(vi)
BOTTOM FIBRE OF PRECAST

SELFWEIGHT OF PRECAST BEAM
Zb =
w =
2125 mm
0.869500 m2
1162.3 mm
0.54646 m3
0.45262 m3
20.868 kN/m
(2) SECTION MODULI OF COMPOSITE SECTION :

Zt,c =
(i)
TOP FIBRE OF COMPOSITE SECTION
(ii)
TOP FIBRE OF PRECAST SECTION
Zt,p =
(iii)
BOTTOM FIBRE OF TOP SLAB
Zb,s =
(iv)
BOTTOM FIBRE OF PRECAST SECTION
Zb,p =
(3) DEAD WT OF INSITU CONCRETE
winsitu =
0.86037 m3
1.07982 m3
1.07982 m3
0.53693 m3
(ii)
Presstress Concrete :
39 m Eff. Span
HB45 -SLS2
CLASS
CRACK WIDTH (mm)
@ TRANSFER
fci2 =
@ 28 DAYS
fcu =
50 N/mm2
50 N/mm2
fc =
30 N/mm2
Insitu Concrete :
8.900 kN/m
(4) CONCRETE STRENGTH:

(i)
S40T1 BEAM
0.00
(5) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES FOR PRECAST BEAM:

(ref. BS5400:Part4:1990:Cl. 6.3.2)
FOR PRESTRESSING CONCRETE

ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ TRANSFER :
MEMBER
TENSION
COMPRESSION
N/mm2
N/mm2
CLASS 1
-1.000
20.000
CLASS 2
-1.000
20.000
CLASS 3
-1.000
20.000
ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ SERVICE/WORKING:

MEMBER
TENSION
CLASS 1
CLASS 2
CLASS 3
COMPRESSION
N/mm2
N/mm2
0.000
20.000
-2.546
20.000
CRACK WIDTH fcu = 40 N/mm2 fcu = >=50 N/mm2
0.10
-2.87
-3.36
0.15
-3.15
-3.71
0.25
-3.85
-4.41
20.000
(a)
ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ TRANSFER FOR PRECAST BEAM:
(i)
(ii)
TENSILE STRESS WITH SELF WT

COMPRESSIVE STRESS
(b)
ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES UNDER SERVICE/WORKING LOADS FOR PRECAST BEAM :
(i)
(ii)
TENSILE STRESS
COMPRESSIVE STRESS
(BS5400:P4:90:CL. 6.3.2.4 b(1))

(BS5400:P4:1990:CL.6.3.2.2 b)
(BS5400:P4:1990:CL.6.3.2.4a)
(BS5400:P4:1990:CL6.3.2.2a)
-1.00 N/mm2
20.00 N/mm2
-2.55 N/mm2
20.00 N/mm2
(6) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES FOR INSITU SLAB:

(i)
(ii)
TENSILE STRESS
COMPRESSIVE STRESS
(BS5400:P4:1990:CL.7.4.3.3)
(BS5400:P4:1990:CL.7.4.3.2)
(7) EFFECTIVE SPAN OF PRECAST BEAM

(8) MODULAR RATIO
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
(Einsitu/Ecu)
Leff =
m =
-3.60 N/mm2
15.00 N/mm2
39.000 m
0.824
28

Job No. :
37478
STRESS CHECKS AT MID-SPAN AND VARIES SECTIONS ALONG THE BEAM

19.50 m
(0) AT MIDSPAN, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
HT. ABOVE
OF STRANDS SOFFIT (mm)
19
100.00
19
220.00
19
340.00
19
460.00
76.000
280.00
TOTAL :
N.B.
e = distance between centroid of precast beam

to centroid of tendon
e =
882.30 mm
INITIAL PRESTRESS LOSSES @ TRANSFER

FINAL TOTAL PRESTRESS LOSSES
9.73 %
22.70 %
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH PER STRAND

73
% OF U.T.S. INITIAL PRESTRESS
186.00 kN
135.78 kN
EFFECTIVE FORCE @ TRANSFER PER STRAND
122.57 kN
EFFECTIVE FINAL FORCE PER STRAND
104.96 kN
TOP OF
INSITU
BOTT OF
INSITU
TOP OF
PRECAST
BOTT OF
PRECAST
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
-4.33
28.87
7.26
-8.77
2.93
20.11
EXCEEDED ALLOWABLE PRESTRESSING STRESSES AT TRANSFER, TRY AGAIN
FINAL PRESTRESS
-3.71
24.72
SELF WT + DEAD INSITU
10.36
-12.50
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
2
-1.00
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
HB45 -SLS2
6.82
5.43
6.60
-13.270 (MIDSPAN)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
-1.177
-1.122
1.239
-0.477
TOTAL @ WORKING
7.64
4.31
14.49
-2.53
(1) AT SUPPORT 1, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
HT. ABOVE
19
803.20
19
1146.28
19
1489.36
19
1832.45
76.000
1317.82
TOTAL :
0.00 m
N.B.

e =
-155.52 mm

16.07 %
25.36 %

73
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
HB45 -SLS2
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
186.00
135.78
113.95
101.35
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
TOP OF
PRECAST
12.43
0.00
12.43
-1
2.13
-0.245
0.88
1.70
-0.378
1.32
11.05
0.00
2.06
0.358
13.47
kN
kN
kN
kN
BOTT OF
PRECAST
6.98
0.00
6.98
6.21
0.00
1.00
-4.140 (SUPPORT 1)
-0.139
2.93
29

Job No. :
(2) 2nd SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
4.88 m
HT. ABOVE
19
495.55
19
741.03
19
986.52
19
1232.00
76.000
863.77
TOTAL :
N.B.

e =
298.53 mm

14.20 %
23.67 %

73
186.00
135.78
116.49
103.64
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
2.51
0.109
2.62
2.00
-0.097
1.90
HB45 -SLS2
(3) 3rd SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
TOP OF
PRECAST
5.35
3.18
8.52
4.76
4.53
2.43
0.024
11.74
14.25
-5.47
-4.880 (SECTION 1)
-0.011
3.89
9.75 m
19
275.80
19
451.57
19
627.34
19
803.11
76.000
539.46
N.B.

e =
622.84 mm

12.62 %
23.46 %

73
TOP OF
INSITU
-
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
BOTT OF
PRECAST
16.02
-3.83
12.19
HT. ABOVE
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
kN
kN
kN
kN
TOTAL :
37478
HB45 -SLS2
5.23
-0.438
4.79
186.00
135.78
118.65
103.93
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
4.16
-0.532
3.63
TOP OF
PRECAST
0.09
5.45
5.54
0.08
7.77
5.06
0.540
13.45
kN
kN
kN
kN
BOTT OF
PRECAST
22.78
-6.57
16.20
19.95
-9.38
-10.170 (SECTION 2)
-0.209
0.20
30

Job No. :
(4) 4th SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
14.63 m
HT. ABOVE
19
143.95
19
277.89
19
411.84
19
545.78
76.000
344.86
TOTAL :
N.B.

e =
817.44 mm

11.03 %
23.30 %

73
186.00
135.78
120.81
104.14
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
6.46
-0.864
5.59
5.14
-0.872
4.27
HB45 -SLS2
Mark
NOS.
-2.74
9.71
6.25
0.943
14.16
BOTT OF
PRECAST
27.14
-8.22
18.92
23.40
-11.72
-12.560 (SECTION 3)
-0.364
-1.25
HT. ABOVE
19
100.00
19
220.00
19
340.00
19
460.00
76.000
280.00
TOTAL :
TOP OF
PRECAST
-3.17
6.81
3.63
kN
kN
kN
kN
19.50 m
(5) AT MID-SPAN, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
37478
N.B.

e =
882.30 mm

9.73 %
22.70 %

73
TOP OF
INSITU
BOTT OF
INSITU
186.00
135.78
122.57
104.96
TOP OF
PRECAST
kN
kN
kN
kN
BOTT OF
PRECAST
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
-4.33
28.87
7.26
-8.77
2.93
20.11
EXCEEDED ALLOWABLE PRESTRESSING STRESSES AT TRANSFER, TRY AGAIN
FINAL PRESTRESS
-3.71
24.72
10.36
-12.50
2
-1.00
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
HB45 -SLS2
6.82
5.43
6.60
-13.270 (MIDSPAN)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
-1.177
-1.122
1.239
-0.477
TOTAL @ WORKING
7.64
4.31
14.49
-2.53
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
31

Job No. :

Cable
Mark
NOS.
24.38 m
HT. ABOVE
19
143.95
19
277.89
19
411.84
19
545.78
76.000
344.86
TOTAL :
N.B.

e =
817.44 mm

11.22 %
23.48 %

73
186.00
135.78
120.54
103.90
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
6.40
-1.339
5.06
5.10
-1.251
3.85
HB45 -SLS2

Cable
Mark
NOS.
TOP OF
PRECAST
-3.17
6.81
3.64
-2.73
9.71
6.20
1.391
14.57
23.34
-11.72
-12.460 (SECTION 5)
-0.536
-1.38
29.25 m
19
275.80
19
451.57
19
627.34
19
803.11
76.000
539.46
N.B.

e =
622.84 mm

12.82 %
23.64 %

73
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
BOTT OF
PRECAST
27.08
-8.22
18.86
HT. ABOVE
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
kN
kN
kN
kN
TOTAL :
37478
HB45 -SLS2
186.00
135.78
118.38
103.68
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
5.51
-1.390
4.12
4.39
-1.291
3.10
TOP OF
PRECAST
0.09
5.45
5.54
0.08
7.77
5.34
1.440
14.62
kN
kN
kN
kN
BOTT OF
PRECAST
22.73
-6.57
16.15
19.91
-9.38
-10.730 (SECTION 6)
-0.554
-0.76
32

Job No. :

Cable
Mark
NOS.
34.13 m
HT. ABOVE
19
495.55
19
741.03
19
986.52
19
1232.00
76.000
863.77
TOTAL :
N.B.

e =
298.53 mm

14.40 %
23.85 %

73
TOP OF
INSITU
-
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
HB45 -SLS2
186.00
135.78
116.22
103.39
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
2.88
-1.318
1.56
2.30
-1.234
1.06
(9) At SUPPORT 2 SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1

Cable
Mark
NOS.
TOP OF
PRECAST
5.33
3.18
8.51
4.74
4.53
2.79
1.372
13.44
BOTT OF
PRECAST
15.98
-3.83
12.15
14.22
-5.47
-5.610 (SECTION 7)
-0.529
2.61
39.00 m
HT. ABOVE
19
803.20
19
1146.28
19
1489.36
19
1832.45
76.000
1317.82
N.B.

e =
-155.52 mm

16.27 %
25.55 %

73
TRANSFER PRESTRESS
SELF WT
TOTAL @ TRANSFER
FINAL PRESTRESS
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE
HB45 -SLS2
DIFF. SHRINKAGE
TOTAL @ WORKING
KKHONG (NOV 1998)
kN
kN
kN
kN
TOTAL :
37478
186.00
135.78
113.68
101.09
TOP OF
INSITU
-
BOTT OF
INSITU
-
TOP OF
PRECAST
12.40
0.00
12.40
-1
-0.37
-1.117
-2.49
-0.29
-1.073
-1.37
11.02
0.00
-0.36
1.181
11.85
kN
kN
kN
kN
BOTT OF
PRECAST
6.97
0.00
6.97
6.20
0.00
1.00
0.720 (SUPPORT 2)
-0.455
7.46
33
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING (14142-M)

Consulting Engineer
Ultimate Moment Capacity Checks for Post-Tensioned Beam
Job No. :
37478
ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY CHECKS AT MIDSPAN & OTHER SECTIONS

FOR PRECAST POST-TENSIONED BEAM USING STRAIN COMPATIBILITY METHOD
(BS5400:PART4:1990:CL.6.3.3.1)
Project :
Detail :
File name :
PROJECT TITLE
(A) Checking Section :
4/8 SPAN ;
(19.500 M FROM SUPP.)
Designed:
Checked:
KKL
LTC
39.00
S40T1 BEAM
(B) Design Ultimate Moment :
16307.98 kNm
(C) Require Ultimate Moment Capacity At Mid Span
18754.18 kNm
(D) Depth of Neutral Axis from Top Fibre (N.A)
Date :
Date :
19-Mar-2013
19-Mar-2013
m Effective Span
S40T1 BEAM
490.53 mm
39.00 m Eff. Span
(E) Calculation of Ultimate Moment Capacity

(1) Concrete Section
fcu =
50.00 N/mm2
(ii) Characteristic Strength of In-situ Concrete at Service
fcu =
30.00 N/mm2
(iii) Material Safety Factor for Concrete
gm=
1.50
(iv) Assumed Concrete Maximum Compressive Strain
eu=
0.0035
(i)
Characteristic Strength of Precast Concrete at Service
4/8 SPAN
Table 1 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Concrete Section

Concrete
Section
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In-situ slab
In-situ slab
Top Flange
Top Flange
Top Flange
Top Flange
Top Flange
Top Flange
Top Flange
Web
Section Dimension
Measure Depth To
Concrete
Compressive
Moment
Top Fibre
Bot. Fibre
Section
fcu
Centroid
Height
Section
Area
Centroid
Width
Sect. fr. Top
Sect. to N.A
Strain
Force
about N.A
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm2)
(N/mm2)
(mm)
(mm)
(kN)
(kNm)
0
1950
1920
660
220
0
0
0
220
0
0.00
180.00
120.00
70.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
120.53
0.00
0
0
180
300
370
370
370
370
370
491
0
180
300
370
370
370
370
370
491
491
0
351000
230400
46200
0
0
0
0
26517
0
30
30
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0
90
240
335
370
370
370
370
415
491
490.5
400.5
250.5
155.5
120.5
120.5
120.5
120.5
75.3
0.0
0.00350
0.00286
0.00179
0.00111
0.00086
0.00086
0.00086
0.00086
0.00054
0.00000
0.00
4703.40
5145.60
985.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
365.70
0.00
0.0
1883.9
1289.1
153.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.5
0.0
490.53
O.K!
654117
11200
Note : (I) Parabolic centroid = 3/8 w from start of parabolic curve, where w = depth of parabolic curve on the Stress the diagram
(II) Total depth of the section in parabolic curve (mm) =
197.44 for fcu =
50.0
N/mm2
(measure from Neutral Axis)
(mm) =
152.93 for fcu =
30.0
N/mm2
(2) Prestressing Tendons
(i) Tendon Diameter
(ii) Nominal Cross Section Area of Tendon
f =
As =
(ii) Ultimate Characteristic Strength (UTS)
PUTS =
(iii) Modulus of Elasticity of Tendon
Es =
(iv) Characteristic Strength of Tendon
fpu =
12.9 mm
gm =
% =
(v) Material Safety Factor for Concrete
100.0 mm2
186 kN
(vi) Percentage of Jacking Force

(vii) Final Prestress Losses
2
195000 N/mm
1860 N/mm2
Lossfinal =
(viii) Total Effective Jacking Force per Strand

(ix)
Total Final Prestress Force per Strand after all losses
3354
1.15
75 %
25 %
Peff =
139.5 kN
Pfinal =
104.625 kN
Table 2 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Prestressing Tendons
1
2
3
4
5
Prestress
Number
Total Cross
Depth from
Tendon Layer
of Tendon
Section Area
Tob Fiber
From Bot. Fibre
(nos)
(mm2)
(mm)
Layer 1
18
18
17
17
0
1800
1800
1700
1700
0
2205
2085
1965
1845
0
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Layer 5
Prestressing Tendon Strain, e

Strain
0.01223
0.01138
0.01052
0.00966
0.00000
Prestrain
0.00537
0.00537
0.00537
0.00537
0.00000
Total Strain
0.01760
0.01674
0.01589
0.01503
0.00000
Tension
Tension
Moment About
Stress
Force
N.A Axis
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(kNm)
2911.30
2911.30
2749.57
2749.57
0.00
4991.34
4641.99
4054.15
3724.20
0.00
1617.39
1617.39
1617.39
1617.39
0.00
70
7000
Note :
(i)
Strain = eu/x*(Depth of Tendon from Top Fibre - N.A Depth from Top Fibre )
(iii) Moment of Tendon Above the N.A shall be negative and Below the N.A shall be positive.
(3) Reinforcement Bars
(i) Characteristic Strength of Steel Reinforcement
fy =
(ii) Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Reinforcement
Es =
460 N/mm2
200000 N/mm2
11321.74
(ii)
17411.69
Prestrain = Pfinal /As/Es
(iii)
Material Safety Factor for Steel Reinforcement
(iv)
Maximum Compressive Strain
gm =
=
1.15
0.002
Table 2 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Steel Reinforcement
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Steel
Steel
Depth from
Strain
Reinforcement
Reinfor.
Top Fibre
Layer
Area
from. Top
(mm2)
(mm)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Layer 5
Layer 6
Layer 7
Layer 8
Layer 9
Layer 10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
Stress
Force
Moment About
Compressive
Tension
Compressive
Tension
N.A. Axis
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(kN)
(kN)
(kNm)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Note : (i) Force in the steel Reinforcement Above N.A shall be Compressive Force and Below N.A shall be Tension Force.
(F) Summary of Forces and Stresses
Force
Concrete Section
Prestressing Tendon
Reinforcement
Moment Abt.
Compressive
Tension
N.A. Axis
(kN)
(kN)
(kNm)
11200
0
11322
0
3354
17412
0
Total
11200
11322
20765
Difference
-121.7
Remarks:
(I) PERMISSIBLE TOLERANCE FOR FORCES EQUIVALENT
=
(II) PLEASE INCREACE NEUTRAL AXIS DEPTH.........
(III) DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
=
(IV) ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY/DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
=
HENCE,
CHANGE NEUTRAL AXIS PLEASE.......AND TRY AGAIN.....!!!
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
10
kN
16307.98 kNm
Page 34
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD

(14142-M)
JOB NO. :
Shear Design for Post-Tensioned Beam
PROJECT
DETAILS
FILENAME
: PROJECT TITLE
: 40x40x40x40x37.5M SPAN; 0 DEG SKEW; 11.000 M C/W WIDTH
: W:\SCB Spreadsheet\Post-Tensioned-Design.xls
Designed :
Checked :
Design Of Precast Post-Tensioned Beam At Ultimate Limit State - Shear Reinforcement Design
Design Data :
(1) Precast Beam Section Properties
Total Height of Precast Section
Cross Section Area of Precast Section
(iii)
Precast Section Centroid above Bottom Fibre
(iv)
Second Moment Of Area of Precast Section
(v)
Section Modulus of Precast Section : @ Top Fibre
(vi)
@ Bottom Fibre
(vii)
@ Composite Beam Centroid
(viii) Rib/Web Breadth of Precast Section @ Beam Ends (Supports)

(ix)
(x)
@ Middle of Beams
Concrete Strength @ 28 days of Precast Section
39 m Effective Span
H =
Ap =
yb =
Ipre =
Zt =
Zb =
Zcentroid =
2125 mm
0.869500 m2
1162.30 mm
fpt = Stress due to prestress only at tensile fibre (bottom fibre)

gfL = 0.87 (see BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL 4.2.3)
4.5262E-01 m3
2.0472E+00 m3
bend =
660 mm
bmiddle =
220 mm
fcu2 =
Definations, Symbols and Notes
5.2608E-01 m4
5.4646E-01 m3
e = Eccentricity from centroid of tendon to centroid of precast beam

Mcr = Cracking Moment at Section considered
Vcr-i = Ultimate Cracking Shear Capacity (Equation 29 BS5400)
1/2
0.037bdt(fcu) + (Mcr/M)(V)
50 N/mm2
(i)
Total Height of Composite Section
Hc =
2305 mm
(ii)
Cross Section Area of Composite Section
Ac =
(iii)
Composite Section Centroid above Bottom Fibre
1.1503 m2
1419.28 mm
(iv)
Second moment of area of the transformed Composite Section
(v)
Modular Ratio
yb,c =
Icomposite =
m =
considered due to ultimate load
yb,c = Distance of tensile fibre to centroid composite beam
7.6205E-01 m4
0.824
fcp = Comp. stress due to prestress at the composite centroid axis (+ve)
(3) Prestress Strand Properties
gfL = 0.87 (see BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL 4.2.3)
(i)
Strand Description
Ipre =
(ii)
Nominal Cross Section Area per Strand,
Y =
yb,c - yb =
(iii)
Ultimate Tensile Strength per Strand
Zcentroid =
Ipre /Y =
(v)
70
:
As =
PUTS =
% of U.T.S. per Strand
Peff =
Cable Length/Beam Length
Lcable/beam =
100.00 mm2
186.00 kN
130.20 kN
0.25698 m
2.0472 m3
= 0.67bHc(ft2+fcpft)1/2 (Equation 28 BS5400:PART4:1990)

dt = Eff. depth of Centroid of tendons to Extreme Compression Fibre
39.60 m
= Hc-(yb-e)
Characteristic Strength of Links Rebars
(ii)
Shear Reinforcement diameter provided
fv =
(iii)
Total Leg x-Section Area per Links
Asv =
(iv)
Characteristic Strength of Strands (max 460)
fyv =
fstrand =
(v)
Characteristic Strength of Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement provided
fyL =
(vi)
Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement diameter provided (max 12 mm)
fL =
(vii) @ Support : R.C. Shear Resistance
vc = (0.27/gm)*(100As(pre)/benddt)1/3*(fcu)1/3
vc =
(viii) Depth Factor
s = greater of (500/dt)1/4 or 0.7
s =
460 N/mm2
12 mm
460 N/mm
12 mm
Sc =
(ii)
Ult. long. stress in the sect. for shear plane under considered (Table 31:BS 5400:P4)
v1 =
(iii)
Constant depending on the conc. bonding across the shear plane (Table 31:BS 5400:P4)
k1 =
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Length of Shear plane under consideration

Embedment of The Insitu Slab
Minimum thickness of the insitu top slab
Concrete strength of insitu top slab @ 28 days
Sc = First moment of area, about the neutral axis of the transformed

composite section, of the insitu concrete to one side of the interface
Ae = area of fully anchoraged reinforcement per unit length crossing the

shear plane under consideration
0.7776 N/mm2
0.8436
Note :
First moment of area, about the neutral axis of the transformed

Composite sect., of the concrete to one side of the interface
(vii) Insitu slab Width
V1 = Horizontal Interface Shear Force
226 mm2
460 N/mm2
(5) Data To Calculate Longitudinal Shear
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
0.52608 m4
Vco = Ultimate shear resistance of a section uncracked in flexure
(4) Link Rebars Properties

(i)
(i)
1/2
but not less than 0.1bd(fcu)
b = Breadth of member/breadth of rib/web,bw

dt = Eff. depth of Centroid of tendons to Extreme Compression Fibre
V & M = The shear force and bending moment (both taken as +ve) at section
(2) Composite Section Properties
(iv)
Date : 19-Mar-2013
Date : 19-Mar-2013
S40T1 BEAM
(BS 5400 : PART 4 : 1990 ; CL. 5.3.3 , CL. 6.3.4 & CL. 7.4.2.3)
(i)
(ii)
KKL
LTC
37478
(1) Max. Spacing of the links : Spacing of the links along the beam should not exceeded
3
0.23001 m
0.45 N/mm2
0.09
(Surface Type 2)
Ls =
=
tslab =
660 mm
0 mm
180 mm
lf =
1950 mm
fc =
30 N/mm
0.75dt, nor four times the web thickness for flanged beams. When V' exceeds 1.8 Vc,
the max. spacing should be reduced to 0.5 dt. The lateral spacing of the individual
legs of the links provided at a cross section should not exceed 0.75dt.(V'=V-Vprtestress)
(2) For longitudinal shear reinforcements : a minimum area of fully anchored reinf. of
0.15% of the area of the contact should cross this surface; the spacing of this reinf.
should not exceed the lesser of ;
(i) 4 times of minimum thickness of the in situ concrete flange ;
(ii) 600 mm.
Page 35

(14142-M)
JOB NO. :
37478
CALCULATE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR VERTICAL FLEXURAL SHEAR & LONGITUDINAL SHEAR
Section
Distance From Support
Distance From MidSpan
Support 1
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Mid Span
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Support 2
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Xo
(m)
19.500
14.625
9.750
4.875
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
(kN)
(kNm)
(kN)
(kNm)
2141.19
-1706.57
1894.07
8143.62
1756.25
4085.30
1137.49
6223.01
1245.94
10359.91
949.36
12278.97
956.81
11591.45
623.95
13160.82
466.06
15803.19
198.04
16307.98
724.42
13846.44
462.88
13336.81
1227.24
12712.25
1180.91
12866.69
1474.54
6870.63
1526.16
7019.35
1799.88
374.72
1746.11
544.32
(1) Summary Of The

Ultimate Design
Shear Forces and
Moment Bending
Max V : Vmax
Vmax
M
Max M : V
MMmax
max
(2) Prestressing Strands
Information
e
Loss
Pfinal
(3) Vertical Component Shear e'
Force From Deflected
Ye - Ym
Tendons, Vprestress
qo
Vprestress
(4) Allowable Maximum
Ultimate Applied
Shear Stress Checks
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL.5.3.3.1)
dt
Cracked in Flexure
Mcr
- For Class 1 and Class 2 member
(5b) Assume Sections
(From Grillage Analysis)

= Effective No. of Strands
(Nos)
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
= Eccentricity @ Centroid of Precast Beam = yb-e'

= Total % of Prestress Losses at Service
= Effective prestress Force = (n*Peff(1-%Loss))
(mm)
(%)
(kN)
(mm)
(mm)
298.53
23.67
7553.120
863.77
1070
4.5644
480.857
622.84
23.46
7573.954
539.46
1070
3.0465
322.023
817.44
23.30
7589.322
344.86
1070
1.5243
161.509
882.30
22.70
7649.451
280.00
1070
0.0000
0.000
817.44
23.48
7572.172
344.86
1070
1.5243
161.144
622.84
23.64
7556.196
539.46
1070
3.0465
321.268
298.53
23.85
7534.710
863.77
1070
4.5644
479.685
-155.52
25.55
7367.441
1317.82
1070
6.0759
623.847
= gm * Pfinal * Sin(qo), where gm = 0.8 (L.A. Clark)
(o)
(kN)
-155.52
25.36
7385.994
1317.82
1070
6.0759
625.418
= Effective depth of Tendons = Hc-(yb-e)
(mm)
987.18
1441.23
1765.54
1960.14
2025.00
1960.14
1765.54
1441.23
987.18
2.33
5.30
4.02
5.30
2.38
5.30
1.84
5.30
1.05
5.30
1.31
5.30
2.33
5.30
3.30
5.30
1.81
5.30
= Combined Cables Centroid from Botttom Fibre of Beam
==Drape = (1350 - 280) = 1070 mm

2
= Combined Deflection Angle = Atan((Ye - Ym)*(2X0/(Lbeam/2) ))
= gfL*(Pfinal/Ap + Pfinal*e/Zb), where gfL = 0.87

= [0.37(fcu)1/2 + fpt] * Icomposite/yb,c
= (H-yb+e)
1/2
within allowable
within allowable within allowable within allowable
within allowable
within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable
(N/mm )
(kNm)
11.89
16.65
19.52
20.63
19.47
16.61
11.86
7789.63
10342.35
11884.64
12479.74
11860.96
10321.40
7774.07
(mm)
1261
1586
1780
1845
1780
1586
1261
Vcr(min)
= min. required by code 0.1bdt(fcu)
(kN)
224
275
305
315
305
275
224
Vcr1
= 0.037bdt(fcu)1/2+ (Mcr/M)(Vmax)
(kN)
3432
1345
1094
485
733
1098
1751
Vcr2
1/2
(kN)
1507
901
676
268
524
1049
1773
7.878
6.599
5.574
4.957
4.786
4.946
5.560
6.583
7.859
fcp
UnCracked in Flexure
ft
(BS 5400 : Part 4:1990 : CL 6.3.4.2)
Vco
(5c) Calculations of (V - Vc)
= Max Applied Ult.Shear Stress = [Vmaxor V-Vprestress]/bdt

v
(N/mm2)
Checks = Allowable Shear Stress = 0.75fcu1/2 or 5.8 N/mm2
(N/mm2)
Checks = Applied Ultimate Shear Stress Check :
Compliance
(5) Design Of Flexure Shears :

(5a) Assume Sections
fpt
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.3)
= 0.037bdt(fcu) + (Mcr/Mmax)(V)
= gfL*(Pfinal/Ap - Pfinal*e/Zcentroid) taken as positive
= 0.24(fcu)
1/2
taken as positive
= 0.67bHc(ft2+fcpft)1/2
(Vmax - Max(Vcr1,Vcr(min)) - Vprestress)
(N/mm )
2
(N/mm )
(kN)
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
1.70
4109
1275
1193
1142
1127
1141
1192
1274
4105
-
(kN)
-2156
-422
-299
-19
-170
-192
-757
and determination of
(V - Max(Vcr2,Vcr(min) - Vprestress)
(kN)
-850
-274
-214
-117
-223
-189
-727
(V - Vc) Max
(Vmax - Vco -Vprestress)
(kN)
-2593
-270
-346
-661
-578
-286
-279
-2929
(V - Vco -Vprestress)
(V - Vc - Vprestress) Max
(V - Vc - Vprestress) Max (Double Check)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(mm)
(mm)
-2840
-2593
-2593
3.4145
66
-618
1
1
0.2208
1024
-566
-270
-270
0.2199
1029
-679
-214
-214
0.2199
1029
-929
-19
-19
0.2199
1029
-839
-170
-170
0.2199
1029
-333
-189
-189
0.2199
1029
-227
-227
-227
0.2199
1029
-2982
-2929
-2929
2.5546
89
nos
(mm2)
nos
(mm2)
(mm2)
(mm2)
Compliance
0
0
17
1923
1923
1894
0
0
15
1696
1696
1593
0
0
11
1244
1244
1154
0
0
9
1018
1018
994
0
0
6
679
679
582
0
0
7
792
792
704
0
0
11
1244
1244
1132
0
0
12
1357
1357
1307
0
0
14
1583
1583
1469
(5d) Flexure Shear

Reinforcement Design
Asv/Sv(Min) = V+0.4bdt-(Vc+Vprestress)/(0.87fyvdt) or 0.4b/(0.87f yv)
Sv(min)
Calculated
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6.3.4.4)
(5e) Minimum Area of EXCESS

Long. Bars/Strand Checks
AsLong(pre) : (i) Bonded Prestressing Strands EXCESS in resist bending

Total Effective area of the above Prestressing Tendons
( Note : The AsLong shall be the area AsLong(Bar): (ii) No. of Longitudinal reinforcement EXCESS in resist bending
of strands/rebars which are NOT
Total Effective area of the above Longitudinal Bars
Used in the bending/ others designs.)AsLongTotal = AsLong(pre) + AsLong(Bar)

(In Tension Zone Only)
AsLong(Min) = V /(2*0.87*fyL)
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.4)
Checks = Minimum AsLong Checks
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied
Page 36

(14142-M)
JOB NO. :
37478
CALCULATE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR VERTICAL FLEXURAL SHEAR & LONGITUDINAL SHEAR (Continue)
Section
Distance From Support
Distance From MidSpan
(6) Design Of Longitudinal Shears :
(6a) Longditudinal Shear
V1
Reinforcement Design
(BS 5400 : Part 4:1990 : CL 7.4.2.3)
(7) Shear Reinforcement

Design
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.4)
Support 1
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Mid Span
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Support 2
Lx
(m)
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
24.375
29.250
34.125
39.000
Xo
(m)
19.500
14.625
9.750
4.875
0.000
4.875
9.750
14.625
19.500
= Max(V,Vmax)*Sc/Icomposite
k1*fc*Ls
(kN/m)
646
530
376
289
141
219
370
461
543
(kN/m)
1782
1782
1782
1782
1782
1782
1782
1782
1782
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
Checks = Checking of allowable V1

Compliance
Checks
= the larger of (V1 - v1Ls)/(0.7fyv) and (0.15/100)*(Ls*1000)
Ae
(mm2/m)
Sv
Calculated = Asv*1000/Ae
(mm)
The Longitudinal Shear force (V1) are not exceeded the allowable value specified in Code (BS 5400:Part 4:1990:C.L. 7.4.2.3).
1085
990
990
990
990
990
990
990
990
209
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
Minimum of Sv Calculated (From Item (5d) & (6a)) &

Required by The Code.
(mm)
66
228
228
228
228
228
228
228
89
No of Links required per m length = (1000/Sv) + 1
(nos)
16.1
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
12.3
Average No. of Links provided per m
(nos)
17
13
-------- END OF SHEAR DESIGN ---------
KKHONG (DEC 1998)
Page 37
Post-Tensioning Losses :
(1)
Immediate Losses
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Friction Loss Along Prestressing Tendon

Friction Loss In The Anchorage
Losses Due to Wedges Draw-in
Elastic Shortening of Concrete
(2)
Deferred Losses
(a)
(b)
(c)
Relaxation Loss of Prestressing Tendon

Shrinkage Loss of Concrete
Creep Loss in Concrete
(1)
Immediate Losses
(1)(a) Friction Loss Along Prestressing Tendon

Losses due to frinction in a cable can be calculated to a relatively high degree of accuracy
by Coulomb's formula:
P(x) = Pj * e-(mq + Kx)
where,
P(x)
Pj
e
m
q
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
Post-tensioning force at a distance x from the stressing anchorage (Live end)

Post-tensioning force at the stressing anchorage
Base of Napierian logarithms
Coefficient of friction
Sum of angular deviations (in radian) of tendon in all planes over the distance x
Wobble factor (inaccuracies in placing per unit length
(1)(b) Friction Loss In The Anchorage

Not Consider in the design
(1)(c) Losses Due to Wedges Draw-in

By assuming a linear loss of prestressing force due to frincion, loss of prestressing force of
tendon per meter length/ Force Gradient,
dp = (1 - e-(mq + Kx) )Pj /Lcable
where,
dp = Loss of prestressing force in tendon per meter length/ Force Gradient
Loss of prestressing force in tendon
Lcable = Total Cable length
(1 - e-(mq + Kx) )Pj =
and the diatance affected by the draw-in of wedges,

w = (Draw-in * Es * As * n)1/2
where,
Draw-in = Draw-in of Wedges in mm
Es = Modulus of Elasticity og post-tensioning cable in kN/m2
As = Cable cross Section Area in mm2
n = Total number of prestressing cables
w = Distance affected by the draw-in of wedges (< Lcable)
Forces Along Prestressing Cable After Friction and Wedges Draw-in Losses
(i)
For w < Lcable /2

Px
Loss of force due to draw-in of wedges
Pj
Dp
Pj-Dp
PL
w
Live
End
Anchorage
Dead
End
Anchorage
x
Length of Tendon Lcable
(ii)
For w >= Lcable /2

Px
Loss of force due to draw-in of wedges
Pj
Dp
PL
Pj-Dp
Live
End
Anchorage
Dead
End
Anchorage
x
Length of Tendon Lcable
(1)(d) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening
of the concrete is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel,
dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss
0.5(Es/Ec)*ftendon
for post-tensioned beam

(ref. BS5400:Part4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
Where,
ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
Ec is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at transfer
(2)
Deferred Losses
2(a)
Relaxation of Steel
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation
after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to
or greater that the relevant jacking force has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
Relaxation Loss as Stress,
Jacking Force per strand
Steel
frelax.Loss = Relaxation (%)
Strand Cross Section Area
Assumed % Occured
At 1000h
2(b)
Shrinkage of Concrete Losses
(i)
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)

Humid exposure
Normal exposure
(90% r.h)
(70% r.h)
System
after concreting
es
2(c)
es
Creep of Concrete Losses
200 x 10-6
es = per unit length
- Shrinkage Strain used in the Design,

- Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress,
fshrink.Loss =
70 x 10-6
Es
Assumed % Occured
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990: Cl. 6.7.2.5)
- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption
that creep is proportional to stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
For Post-tensioning System :

Increased factor
+ (Max stress @ Transfer - fci/3)*0.25

(fci/2- fci/3)
(iv) Calculation of Stress in the concrete adjacent to the tendon after elastic deformation losses
- Creep Strain
- Modulus of Elasticity of Strand
ec = per N/mm2
Es = kN/mm2
(I) Total Creep Loss At Stage 1

= (Stress at tendon level during Stage 1) * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % Occured
= (sStage1) * ec * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % occured
(II) Total Creep Loss At Stage 2 ( due to additional prestressing in Stage 2 compared to Stage 1)
= (sStage2 - sStage1) * ec * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % occured
where,
Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Loss
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - the Steel Relaxation Losses at Stage 2 Transfer

Post Tensioned Design1

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SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)

S37T1 - EDGE BEAM (T1)

Number Of Stage For Stressing

Concrete Properties for Precast Beam:

(b) Cross Section Area

(c) Mudulus of Elasticity

(a) 1st Stage :

(b) 2nd Stage :

Concrete Cube Strength

Prestressing Strands Properties :

U.T.S per Strand

Prestressing Losses Data:

(c) Shrinkage per unit Length

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING (14142-M)

CALCULATION OF POST-TENSIONED CABLES PROFILE

Cable Profile Formula

Formulae used for computing cable profile :

Formulae used for computing cable angle at anchorage :

Y0 = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at distance X0 from midspan.

Height of centre-line of cable

CALCULATION OF CABLE PROFILE

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN. BHD. (14142-M)

Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

(iv) Section Modulus :

@ Bottom Fibre of Precast Beam

@ Bottom Fibre of Composite Beam

(vi) Precast Beam Selfweight

(vii) Deck Slab Selfweight

UDLMoment =w/2(Lx) (Leff-Lx)

MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT WITH CO-EXISTING SHEAR FOR PRESTRESSING DESIGN

NOMINAL MAXIMUM MOMENT (KNm)

Nominal Moment Due to

Nominal Moment Due to

NOMINAL LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)

COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT

NOMINAL CO-EXISITING SHEAR FORCE (kN) FOR MAXIMUM MOMENT

KKHONG (DEC 1998)

Nominal Shear Force Due to

Nominal Shear Force Due to

NOMINAL LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)

COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN. BHD. (14142-M)

Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

Due to Superimposed Dead Load

Due to Live Loading

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)

S.L.S - STRESS (fb)

Due to Superimposed Dead Load

Due to Live Loading

SDL + Live Loading

KKHONG (DEC 1998)

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN. BHD. (14142-M)

Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

Due to Dead Load

Due to Superimposed Dead Load

ULS LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE (KN)

Due to Dead Load

Due to Superimposed Dead Load