Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺮ‬

 ‫ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‬‫ﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻌ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‬
 ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﹶﺃﺑ‬
Group I - I Group I - A Group U - U Group A - A Group A - I Group A - U
(‫ﺐ )ﺡ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫ﻊ )ﺱ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫ﻡ )ﻙ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﹶﻛ‬ (‫ﺢ )ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﹶﻓ‬ (‫ﺏ )ﺽ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫ﺮ )ﻥ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ : ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ : ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ‬ : ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺢ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ : ‫ﺢ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﻀ ﹺﺮ‬
 ‫ﻳ‬ : ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ : ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬
He
thought ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ He heard ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ He became
noble ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻛ‬ He
opened ‫ﺢ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻓ‬ He struck
or hit ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 He helped ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬
He
inherited ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﻭ ﹺﺭ ﹶ‬ He
understood ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹺﻬ‬ He moved
away ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ He went ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ‬ He sat ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ He wrote ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬
‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﹶﻏ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
He became He
He
He played larger, bowed He entered
washed
bigger down

‫ﻆ‬
‫ﻔ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺭ ﹶﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﹶﻃ ﹶﻠ‬
He
He He He
memorized, He seeked
protected approached raised returned

He drank ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺷ ﹺﺮ‬ He did ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‬ He
descended ‫ﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ He
prostrated ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬
He
laughed ‫ﻚ‬
 ‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺿ‬ He
searched ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶ‬
 ‫ﺑ‬ He broke ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ‬ He killed ‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﹶﻗ‬
‫ﺡ‬
 ‫ﹶﻓ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
He
became He cut He knew He studied
happy

He rode ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ He
gathered ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ He lied ‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬ‬ He lived ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻜ‬
He
worked ‫ﻤ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ He
prevented ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ He was
patient ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺻ‬
 He
thanked ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﹶﻜ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﹶﻏ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺦ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶﻃ‬
He
He
He knew explained
triumphed , He cooked
overpowered

He showed
mercy upon ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ He
succeeded ‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ He carried ‫ﻤ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ He created ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺧ ﹶﻠ‬
He
followed ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﹺﺒ‬ He
benefited ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ‬ He looked ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻈ‬
He
began ‫ﺪﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ He left ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
He asked ‫ﺳﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ‬ He
attended ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬
He read ‫ﺮﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ‬ He failed ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
He
provided ,
bestowed or ‫ﻕ‬
 ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
blessed

‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ‬

He
remembered
or mentioned

He
worshipped ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
He came
out or
exited
He
ordered ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
He ate ‫ﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ‬
He took ‫ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬ ‫ﺃ‬

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 6

 The Conjugation of the Past Tense -‫ﻲ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﺍ ﹾﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬
Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action (‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻋ ﹸ‬ ‫ ) ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ‬is ALWAYS present. Either
attached or in its hidden form.

‫ﻋ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ‬ Suffix

He wrote ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬

 ‫ﻣ‬ NIL ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬

They (2 men) wrote

‘Alif’ of
Dual ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻒ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨ‬
 ‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺃ‬ (‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ )ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺒ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬

They (more than 2 men) wrote

‘Waw’ of
Plural ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﳉﻤ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ (‫ﻭ)ﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫ‬
‘Ta’ is the
She wrote sign of
feminine
‫ﺚ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺄﹺﻧ‬‫ﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻫ‬

They (2 women) wrote (‫ﻒ‬

 ‫ﻟ‬‫ ﺍ ﺍ )ﹶﺃ‬+ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬
‘Nun’ of the
They (more than 2 women) wrote women
kind
‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﹺﻨ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﻦ‬

You (man) wrote ‫ﺕ‬

 ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (2 men) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (more than 2 men) wrote ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (woman) wrote ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (2 women) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (more than 2 women) wrote ‫ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﺘﻦ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺘﻦ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
I (male or female) wrote ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
We (male or female) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬

‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻣ‬ - hidden, implied, understood, tacit. ‫ﻋ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎ‬- The subject, i.e., the doer of the action.
The ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃ‬ of the third form (‫ﻢ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ ) is not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹺﻮﻗﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
 ‫ﻟ‬‫( ﹶﺃ‬the
alif of protection). It ‘protects’ verbs like ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬﻭ‬
‫ﺧ ﹸ‬ ‫( ﹶﺃ‬they took) where the ‫ ﻭ‬is not joined to the body of the
verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction ‫ﻭ‬ meaning ‘and’.

Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached ( ‫ﻞ‬

‫ﺼﹲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
 ). Only in two forms, i.e., ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬
and ‫ﻲ‬
 ‫ﻫ‬ it can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence.

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 7