HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG ---------------------------------------

VI QUANG HIU

NGHIN CU CNG NGH MNG TRUY NHP QUANG V NG DNG CHO VNPT LNG SN

Chuyn ngnh: K THUT IN T

M s: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S

H NI - 2011

4. Mu mt trong Ba tm tt lun vn

Lun vn c hon thnh ti: HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: Tin s Hong Vn V

Phn bin 1: TS V Tun Lm.

Phn bin 2: TS V Vn San.

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Vo lc: 10 gi 30p ngy 11 thng 02 nm 2012

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

M U
Ngy nay, nhu cu truyn thng ngy cng ln vi nhiu dch v mi bng rng/tc cao v a phng tin trong i sng kinh t x hi ca tng quc gia cng nh kt ni ton cu. p ng c vai tr ng lc thc y s pht trin ca k nguyn thng tin, mng truyn thng cn phi c kh nng linh hot cao, tc truyn dn ln, bng thng rng, a dch v. Cc nh khoa hc, cc t chc vin thng, cc hng cung cp thit b v ang nghin cu pht trin v p dng cc gii php cng ngh mi bng rng/tc cao v a phng tin pht trin mng vin thng. Trong , cc gii php cng ngh Mng truy nhp quang vi u im v tc cao, bng thng rng ang c tp chung nghin cu, pht trin. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu gii php cng ngh Mng truy nhp quang v ng dng cho mng truy nhp pht trin pht trin mng vin thng ca VNPT Lng Sn m bo c tnh kinh t k thut v p ng c nhu cu trao i thng tin hin ti v trong tng lai ca Lng Sn l mt vn cp thit. Xut pht t nhng c s khoa hc v thc tin , em quyt nh chn ti: Nghin cu cng ngh mng truy nhp quang v ng dng cho VNPT Lng Sn lm lun vn Thc s k thu - cng ngh. Lun vn gm 3 chng: Chng 1: Tng quan v mng truy nhp quang. Chng 2: Cc cng ngh mng truy nhp quang tch cc (AON) & th ng (PON). Chng 3: ng dng cng ngh mng quang cho mng truy nhp bng rng ti VNPT Lng Sn.

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V MNG TRUY NHP QUANG. Chng 1 gii thiu v mng truy nhp quang, trnh by cu hnh c bn, cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang va m h nh mu mng truy nhp quang, t a ra nhn xt, nh gi s lc v mng truy nhp quang. 1.1. GII THIU CHUNG. Mng truy nhp quang c chia lm hai loi c bn l mng truy nhp quang tch cc AON v mng truy nhp quang th ng PON. Mng AON s dng cc thit b tch cc nh cc b chia tch cc hoc cc b ghp knh on phn b ca mng truy nhp. Mng PON khng cha bt k mt phn t tch cc no m cn phi c s chuyn i in - quang. Thay vo , PON s ch bao gm: si quang, cc b chia, b kt hp, b ghp nh hng, thu knh, b lc,... iu ny gip cho PON c mt s u im nh: khng cn ngun in cung cp nn khng b nh hng bi li ngun, c tin cy cao v khng cn phi bo dng do tn hiu khng b suy hao nhiu nh i vi cc phn t tch cc.
Vng truy nhp

Metro FTTN

CO

FTTCab

BackBone
POP T u dy

FTTB FTTH Cp quang truy nh p C pquan gtruy nh? p Cp ng truy nhp C pd?ng truy nh?p

Hnh 1.1: Mng truy nhp quang.

1.2. CU HNH C BN CA MNG TRUY NHP QUANG. Cu hnh mng c bn ca mng truy nhp quang c trnh by Hnh 1.2.

Hnh 1.2: Cu hnh ca mng truy nhp quang. FTTCab-Cp quang ti t u dy; FTTC-Cp quang ti va h; FTTB-Cp quang ti to nh; FTTH-Cp quang ti tn nh. 1.3. CU HNH THAM CHIU MNG TRUY NHP QUANG. Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang c trnh by trn Hnh 1.3

Hnh 1.3 Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang. Cu trc trn Hnh 1-3 bao gm 4 khi c bn: u cui ng quang(OLT), mng phi dy quang (ODN), khi mng quang (ONU) v khi chc nng phi hp(AF). im tham chiu ch yu gm c: im tham chiu pht quang S, im tham chiu thu quang R, im tham chiu gia cc nt dch v V, im tham chiu u cui thu bao T v im

tham chiu a gia cc ONU. Giao din bao gm: giao din qun l mng Q3 v giao din gia thu bao vi mng UNI. 1.4. CC KHI CHC NNG C BN. H thng mng truy nhp quang bao gm ba thnh phn c bn: OLT, ONU v ODN. H thng AON c cc khi chc nng n gin, c bn hn so vi h thng PON. y ch nu cc khi chc nng ca PON. 1.4.1 Khi kt cui ng quang OLT. Cc khi OLT chnh c m t trong Hnh 1.4:

Hnh 1.4. Cc khi chc nng ca OLT 1.4.2 Khi mng quang ONU. Cu hnh in hnh ca mt ONU c m t trong Hnh 1.5.

Hnh 1.5: Cc khi chc nng ca ONU. 1.4.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN. 1.4.3.1 B tch/ghp quang. Cc b tch/ghp NxN c ch to bng cch ghp nhiu tng b 2x2 vi nhau nh Hnh 1.6 hoc s dng cng ngh ng dn sng phng.

Hnh 1.6: Cc b ghp 8x8 c to ra t cc b ghp 2x2. Cc b tch/ghp c c trng bng cc tham s sau: suy hao chia, suy ghp, iu hng. 1.4.3.2 Mng cp quang thu bao. Mng cp thu bao quang c xc nh trong phm vi ranh gii t giao tip si quang gia thit b OLT n thit ONU/ONT. Cu trc mng cp quang thu bao xem trong Hnh 1.7. hao

Hnh 1.7: Cu trc c bn mng cp quang thu bao. 1.5. KT LUN Mng truy nhp quang l mng truy nhp c nhiu u im nh: Dung lng ln, kch thc v trng lng cp nh, khng b nhiu in, tnh bo mt cao, gi th nh cp quang r, cht lng truyn dn tt, an ton cho thit b, tc truy nhp cao, nng cp bng thng d dng. V vy n ph hp trin khai cc dch v bng rng (truy cp Internet tc cao, hi ngh truyn hnh, IPTV/Triple Play, truyn hnh nt cao (HDTV, SDTV), game

online, cc dch v bng rng phc v y t, gio dc, ) gia cc khi kt cui ng dy xa (ONU) v kt cui mng (OLT).

CHNG 2 CC CNG NGH MNG TRUY NHP QUANG TCH CC (AON) & TH NG (PON). Chng 2 gii thiu v cng ngh mng truy nhp quang.Chng ny cng trnh by chi tit v cc cng ngh AON, PON nh: kin trc mng, c im cng ngh, gm cc thng s k thut, phng thc ghp knh, cu trc khung, phng thc ng gi d liu . Ngoi ra chng ny cng trnh by v tnh hnh trin khai AON, PON trn th gii v Vit Nam, t cc kt lun v cng ngh AON, PON v kh nng ng dng ca n vo mng Vin thng Vit Nam. 2.1. KIN TRC MNG AON & PON. 2.1.1 Kin trc mng AON. S mng AON c ch ra hnh 2.2.

Hnh 2.2: S mng AON. AON c nhiu u im nh tm ko dy xa, tnh bo mt cao, d dng nng cp bng thng thu bao, d xc nh li ... Tuy nhin, cng ngh AON c chi ph cao do vic vn hnh cc thit b trn ng truyn u cn ngun cung cp, mi thu bao l mt si quang ring, cn nhiu khng gian cha cp. Trong thc t ty vo nhu cu bng thng thu bao, cc nh cung cp cng kt hp cp quang vi cp ng gim chi ph, c th nh cp quang chy t Access Node ti tng i DSLAM v t DSLAM cung cp cc dch v truy cp bng thng ph bin nh ADSL2+, VDSL2.. Trong cc gii php mng truy nhp quang AON th gii php FTTH-AON c p dng ph bin nht.Trong FTTH-AON cc mng/thit b ca khch hng thng qua cc

b CPE kt ni v cc switch L2 (Access, Hub) bng cc ng quang tc FE hoc GE. Hoc c th kt ni thng ti cc CES bng ng quang tc GE. 2.1.2 Kin trc mng PON. M hnh mng quang th ng vi cc phn t ca n xem trong Hnh 2.6.

Hnh 2.6: M hnh mng quang th ng. Cc phn t th ng ca PON u nm trong mng phn b quang (hay cn gi l mng ngoi vi). Cc phn t tch cc nh OLT v cc ONU u nm u cui ca PON. Tn hiu trong PON c th c phn ra v truyn i theo nhiu si quang hoc c kt hp li v truyn trn mt si quang thng qua b ghp quang, ph thuc vo tn hiu l i theo hng ln hay hng xung ca PON. PON thng c trin khai trn si quang n mode. V mt logic, PON c s dng nh mng truy nhp kt ni im - a im, vi mt CO phc v cho nhiu thu bao. C mt s cu hnh kt ni im - a im ph hp cho mng truy nhp nh cu hnh cy, cy v nhnh, vng ring, hoc bus. 2.2 CC CNG NGH AON & PON. 2.2.1 Cc cng ngh AON v kh nng cung cp cc dch v. 2.2.1.1 Cng ngh SDH.

2.2.1.2 Cng ngh NG SDH. M hnh cung cp dch v mng trin khai tr n cng ngh SDH-NG c ch ra Hnh 2.10.

ADM

ADM

ADM

Hnh 2.10: M hnh cung cp dch v mng trin khai trn cng ngh SDH-NG. 2.2.2 Cc cng ngh PON v kh nng cung cp cc dch v. 2.2.2.1 Cng ngh APON/BPON. H thng APON/BPON c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v bng rng nh Ethernet, Video, ng ring o (VPL), knh thu ring, h tr tc khng i xng 155 Mbps hng ln v 622 Mbps hng xung hoc tc i xng 622 Mbps. Cc h thng BPON c s dng nhiu ni, tp trung Bc M, Nht Bn v mt phn Chu u.

2.2.2.2. Cng ngh EPON. EPON l mng trn c s PON mang lu lng d liu gi trong cc khung Ethernet c chun ha theo IEEE 802.3. S dng m ng truyn 8b/10B v hot ng vi tc 1Gbps. 2.2.2.3 Cng ngh GEPON. Cng ngh GEPON c khuyn ngh v chun ho bi t chc Hi in T - Vin Thng Quc T (IEEE). IEEE pht trin t EPON qui nh trong chun IEEE 802.3ah (cng b 06/2004) thnh GEPON c ban hnh di dng chun IEEE 802.3av. Hin nay, GEPON c th t n tc 10Gb/s cho mi si quang, v c th ln n 100Gb/s trong tng lai gn. Trong GEPON, bc sng quang cho data/voice c chun ha l 1310/1490nm, v bc sng 1550nm dnh cho tn hiu truyn hnh (video). Khi trin khai GEPON Triple Play vi c Voice/data/video (catv) trn cng mt si quang th cc b chia quang phi s dng loi h tr 3 bc sng (3 windows 1310/1490/1550nm) v giao din xx/APC cho tn hiu truyn hnh. 2.2.2.4. Cng ngh GPON. GPON h tr tc bt cao nht t trc ti nay vi tc hng xung/ hng ln tng ng ln ti 2,5/2,5 Gbit/s. GPON cung cp rng bng ln cha tng c t trc ti nay v l cng ngh ti u cho cc ng dng ca FTTH v FTTB. 2.2.2.4.1. Cc thng s k thut.
- Bc sng: 1260-1360nm ng ln; 1480-1500nm ng xung. - a truy nhp hng ln: TDMA. - Cp pht bng thng ng DBA (Dynamic Bandwith Allocation). - Loi lu lng: d liu s. - Khung truyn dn: GEM. - Dch v: dch v y (Ethernet, TDM, POTS). - T l chia ca b chia th ng: ti a 1:128.

- Gi tr BER ln nht: 10-12 - Phm vi cng sut s dng lung xung: -3 n +2 dBm (10km ODN) hoc +2 n

+7 (20Km ODN).
- Phm vi cng sut s dng lung ln: -1 n +4 dBm (10Km v 20Km ODN). - Suy hao ti a gia cc ONU:15dB. - C ly cp ti a: 20Km vi DFB laser lung ln, 10Km vi Fabry-Perot.

2.2.2.4.2. Kh nng cung cp bng thng. Cng ngh GPON h tr 1,25 Gbit/s hoc 2,5 Gbit/s hng xung, v hng ln c th x dch t 155 Mbit/s n 2,5 Gbit/s. Hiu sut bng thng t > 90%. 2.2.2.4.3. Kh nng cung cp dch v. Gii hn c ly ca cng ngh GPON hin ti c quy nh trong khong 20 km v cung cp t l chia ln ti 1:128 (hin ti thng s dng t l 1:64, ti a qua hai cp chia). 2. 2.2.4.4. Mt s vn cn quan tm khi tnh ton thit k mng GPON. Vic tnh ton, thit k mng GPON cn quan tm ti mt s vn sau:
- m bo cc iu kin v thng s k thut cng ngh. - m bo cc c tnh k thut c bn lp vt l. - Bng tn hot ng. - Xc nh t l phn tch (hin ti s dng ph bin 2 loi l 1:32 v 1:64). - m bo c ly gia OLT v ONU/ONT trong gii hn cho php (< 20 km).

2.2.2.5. Cng ngh WDM PON. Cng ngh mng quang th ng s dng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM PON) l th h k tip ca mng truy nhp quang v cho bng thng ln nht. WDM PON s dng cc b tch/ghp sng WDM th ng.

2.2.2.6. Nhn xt Hin nay mng APON/BPON khng c quan tm pht trin do ch h tr dch v ATM v tc truy nhp thp hn nhiu so vi cc cng ngh hin hu khc nh GPON hay EPON. Trong khi, EPON ch cung cp tc truyn l 1,25 Gbit/s, GPON li cho php t ti tc 2,448 Gbit/s. Bng thng EPON ch t hiu sut ti a 70%, v b gii hn trong khong 900Mbps. Trong khi , GPON c th t ti hiu sut mng 93%, GPON cho php cc nh cung cp dch v phn phi vi bng thng ln n 2.300 Mbps, rng bng tn ln. c chun ho theo ITUT G.984, Mt khc trong khi tiu

chun IEEE 803.2ah ch h tr 2 lp ODN: lp A v lp B th ITU-GT.984.2 GPON GPM h tr c lp C, lp cp cao hn. Lp C cho php mng PON m rng c ly ti 20 Km, cung cp cho s lng ln ngi dng cui, t ti 64 thm ch 128 ONU/ONT. Bn cnh trong khi EPON ch h tr duy nht mt tc truyn dn i xng 1,25/1,25 Gbps. ITU- T G.984.2 GPON GEM linh hot v bin i c nhiu hn, cho php cc tc hng xung 1,25 v 2,5 Gbps, hng ln cho php 155 Mbps, 622 Mbps hay 1,25 v 2,5 Gbps. Trong khi GPON cho php cc nh cung c p dch v thit lp nhng tc kt ni theo nhu cu thc t, 2.3. TNH HNH TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP QUANG. 2.3.1 Tnh hnh trin khai AON. Ngy nay, cng ngh mng truy nhp quang tch cc AON c p dng hu ht cc mng vin thng trn th gii. a s cc mng truy nhp quang xy dng t trc u ang s dng cc thit b Active components (cc thit b ch ng) cung cp dch v truy cp quang ch ng. 2.3.2. Tnh hnh trin khai PON. Tnh hnh trin khai PON ti Vit Nam: - Nm 2010 VNPT ang trin khai cng ngh GPON ti H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh s dng thit b ca hng Huawei v Alcatel, d kin hai h thng ny

c th cung cp c trn 140.000 thu bao FTTx. - Cui thng 1-2010 cng ty C phn H tng Vin thng CMC (CMC TI) la chn Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris v NYSE: ALU) cung cp gii php mng quang th ng gigabit (Gigabit Passive Optical Network - GPON) u tin Vit Nam. 2.4. KT LUN. 2.4.1 H thng AON. Mng AON s dng cc thit b tch cc, thng qua cc cng ngh truyn ti nh SDH, NG-SDH thit lp mng truy nhp cung cp dch v cho khch hng. Cng ngh SONET/SDH truyn thng l cng ngh TDM c ti u ha truyn ti cc lu lng dch v thoi. Trong khi cng ngh NG-SDH l cng ngh truyn dn c pht trin trn nn SDH tuyn ti lu lng IP, nhng n vn tn dng c c s h tng mng hin c s dng SDH. ng thi, n khc phc c nhng hn ch ca SDH c. 2.4.2 H thng PON. Cc h thng PON ang c trin khai trn th gii nh: APON/BPON, WDM PON, GPON v EPON. Trong APON/BPON l nhng h thng c nghin cu v trin khai t gia nhng nm 90 ca th k 20, y l cc h thng truy nhp quang bng rng h tr ch cho lu lng ATM. GPON vi vic ci thin hn v tc , h tr nhiu tc khc nhau cho c ng ln v ng xung, c bit l h tr c lu lng ATM v IP. GPON c nghin cu mun hn, t nm 2001, h thng EPON cng c trin khai kh ph bin ti mt s nc trn th gii. EPON c xy dng trn c s cng ngh Ethernet, khc vi GPON, EPON ch h tr truyn dn i xng.

CHNG 3: NG DNG CNG NGH MNG QUANG CHO MNG TRUY NHP BNG RNG TI VNPT LNG SN.
Chng 3 gii thiu v ng dng cng ngh mng quang cho mng truy nhp bng rng ti VNPT Lng Sn. Ni dung chng cp n cc vn : nh hng trin khai mng bng rng ca VNPT, Hin trng mng Vin thng ca VNPT Lng Sn, cc

phng php d bo nhu cu pht trin dch v v cui cng a ra xut ng dng cng ngh mng truy nhp bng rng cho mng truy nhp bng rng ti VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2015 v nh hng ti 2020. 3.1. HIN TRNG MNG BNG RNG CA VNPT LNG SN. Hin ti mng truy nhp bng rng VNPT Lng Sn phn ln s dng m hnh AON + IPDSLAM theo mt trong hai phng thc sau: - Kt ni trc tip t IPDSLAM ti Access CES ca mng MAN -E. - Kt ni t IP DSLAM ti Access CES ca mng MAN-E bng cp quang qua Switch Hub t ti CO hoc qua mt thit b Switch Access t trung gian, thit b Switch n y l thit b tch cc. 3.1.1. Mng MAN-E. Cu trc mng MAN-E hin ti ca VNPT Lng Sn gm: - Mng MAN: S lng UPE: 18, PE-AGG: 02. - 01 BRAS kt ni ti mng truy nhp xDSL bng 03 STM1, 01 GE. - 06 L2 switch S3300 ca mng xDSL. S lng cng lp t/s dng: 96/ 30. 3.1.2. Mng truy nhp bng rng ca VNPT Lng Sn. Mng truy nhp bng rng c u ni vo mng th (MAN-E) ca VNPT Lng Sn ti cc im nt thu gom lu lng Access CES qua cc si quang. Thit b mng truy nhp bng rng VNPT Lng Sn gm: cc trm IP DSLAM, MSAN, Mini DSLAM, ATM DSLAM v Switch. 3.1.2.1. Thit b truy nhp bng rng. Hin ti, VNPT Lng Sn c 99 IP DSLAM gm hai loi thit b MA5600, MA5100 ca Huawei v 29 MSAN ca Alcatel, 15 MINI DSLAM giao tip vi mng MANE qua cng GE; 30 ATM DSLAM u ni ti BRAS E1440 qua giao tip STM1, E1; 36 Switch Access giao tip vi mng MANE qua cng GE c lp t ti 245 trm Vin thng. Tng dung lng: 34560 cng ADSL, 640 cng SHDSL.

3.1.2.2. Mng truy nhp quang. 3.1.3. Nhn xt. Vi cu hnh hin ti, VNPT Lng Sn c bn mi cung cp c dch v bng rng (trn cng ngh ADSL) vi tc < = 1Mb/s ti cc im trn ton tnh Lng Sn. Tuy nhin, vi cc dch v bng rng tc > 1Mb/s, nh Internet tc cao, IPTV, P2P, hi ngh truyn hnh,.... th kh nng p ng ca mng hin ti gp nhiu kh khn. Ta cng c th cung cp cc dch v ny qua gii php FTTH, tuy nhin y vn l mt gii php c chi ph cao. c bit ti a bn Thnh ph Lng Sn, trung tm kinh t, vn ho ca c tnh, nhu cu cc dch v tc cao l rt ln, hin ti ton thnh ph c gn 11 nghn thu bao ADSL vi khong 3000 thu bao c tim nng chi tr khong 400.000 /thng hon ton c th chuyn sang s dng cng ngh VDSL2, FTTH cho cc dch v i hi tc cao hn, 123 thu bao FTTH. Trong khi ch c 12 im c trm DSLAM v 10 im c cc Switch Access. nh vy nhu cu pht trin cc trm mi l ht sc cp thit nhm gim bn knh phc v, gim chi ph phn mng ngoi vi, nng cao cht lng, tng kh nng cung cp bng thng. Ngoi ra cn mt s huyn khc nhu cu s dng cc dch v i hi bng thng ln cng tng i nhiu nh ng ng, Hu Lng, Bc Sn m mng hin ti cha c kh nng p ng ton b. Chnh v vy, vic trin khai h thng mng truy nhp bng rng cng ngh tin tin, rt ngn bn knh phc v cho cc trm cung cp bng thng cao bn cnh cc trm DSLAM, Switch Access hin c l ht sc cn thit. 3.2. NH HNG TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP CA VNPT. 3.2.1. nh hng pht trin cc dch v mi cho khch hng. VNPT s tp trung pht trin cc dch v mi ca khch hng c nhu cu c cung cp trn mng vin thng.Vi nhu cu s dng a dng cc dch v tr n mng th vic tng bng thng truy nhp cho khch hng l tt yu.

Da vo nhu cu bng thng i vi tng dch v, kh nng s dng dch v i vi tng i tng khch hng ta c th phn chia thnh cc i tng khch hng vi yu cu bng thng khc nhau.T , VNPT s nng cp mng truy nhp p ng c nhu cu bng thng ca khch hng. 3.2.2. nh hng pht trin mng truy nhp ca VNPT. Pht trin mng truy nhp bng rng l cha kha gip cho cc nh khai thc dch v vin thng ni chung v ca VNPT ni ring tng doanh thu trn nn mng c nh, m bo v tr cnh tranh trn th trng. ng trc s cnh tranh khc lit trn th trng vin thng, i hi VNPT khng nhng cn pht trin, nng cp c s h tng mng m cn cn a ra th trng cc gi dch v mi, hp dn thu ht c i tng khch hng tim nng. 3.2.3. nh hng cng ngh cho mng truy nhp ca VNPT. 3.2.3.1. Vn la chn cng ngh PON hay AON. Vic la chn cng ngh PON hay AON da vo cc yu t sau: La chn cng ngh theo vng phc v. La chn cng ngh theo kh nng lp t. La chn cng ngh theo kh nng phn chia. La chn cng ngh theo khong cch phc v. 3.2.3.2. Vn la chn cng ngh GEPON hay GPON. i vi VNPT, Gigabit Ethernet PON (GEPON) v GPON ang l 2 kiu kin trc mng quang c nh gi cao. Tuy nhin, mi cng ngh vi cc u v nhc im ring nn vic la chn cng ngh no cn phi c tnh ton c th. VNPT nh hng u tin xy dng mt mng PON da trn cng ngh Gigabit (GPON) cho mng truy nhp bng rng ca VNPT.

3.3. D BO NHU CU DCH V BNG RNG V PHT TRIN THU BAO CA VNPT LNG SN TI NM 2015. 3.3.1. Cc bc d bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao. D bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao l mt qu trnh phc tp nhng v c bn c th c phn thnh 6 bc chnh (xem Hnh 3.4).
Xc nh mc tiu d bo X l cc iu kin ban u Thu thp d liu Phn tch xu hng nhu cu La chn k thut d bo v tnh ton nh hng ca cc dch v khc v cnh tranh

Xc nh cc gi tr d bo dch v v pht trin thu bao

Hnh 3.4: Quy trnh d bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao. Xc nh mc tiu d bo. X l cc iu kin ban u. Thu thp d liu. Tip cn v phn tch xu hng nhu cu. La chn k thut d bo v tnh ton. Xc nh cc gi tr d bo. 3.3.2. Cc phng php d bo dch v v thu bao. Phng php d bo ngoi suy. Phng php d bo theo kin chuyn gia. Phng php d bo theo m hnh tng quan.

3.3.3. Xc nh m hnh d bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao. Em xut chn phng php d bo theo kin chuyn gia d bo nhu cu dch v bng rng v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Lng Sn. M hnh d bo nhu cu dch v bng rng v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Lng Sn c m t hnh 3.5.
M t dch v d bo

Thu thp s liu: - S liu qu kh - S liu kinh t-x hi - Chnh sch - Gi cc - Qung co,...

S dng phng php d bo chuyn gia

S liu d bo khc

D bo nhu cu dch v

M t th trng v s dng phng php chuyn gia d bo th phn cho Vin thng Lng Sn.

D bo s lng thu bao

Hnh 3.5: M hnh d bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao. 3.3.4. D bo nhu cu pht trin dch v v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2015. 3.3.4.1. Khi qut iu kin a l, kinh t - x hi tnh Lng Sn. 3.3.4.2. D bo nhu cu pht trin dch v v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2015. S liu chi tit d bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Ln Sn c th hin Bng 3.4.

STT 1 2 3 4 5

Nm 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Thu bao in thoi c nh 65608 65919 65812 65750 65047

Thu bao bng Thu bao bng rng ADSL 22867 25097 26915 29416 32650 rng FTTH 274 468 629 803 1080

Thuee bao MyTV 7635 10202 13216 16658 19695

Bng 3.4: D bo nhu cu dch v v pht trin thu bao ca VNPT Lng Sn n nm 2015. 3.4. PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP QUANG CHO VNPT LNG SN TI NM 2015 V NH HNG TI NM 2020. c im ca tnh Lng Sn l mt tnh c a bn rng, dn c khng tp chung. V vy, ph hp vi iu kin trn mng truy nhp quang ca VNPT Lng Sn cn thit k da trn c cng ngh AON v cng ngh PON. Hin ti, cng ngh PON ch ph hp trin khai ti khu vc thnh ph Lng Sn. 3.4.1. Nguyn tc trin khai. - Lp t cc OLT ti pha nh cung cp dch v, thng c t ti cc i trm v u ni Uplink vi cc Access CES gn nht s dng nx1GE hoc 10 GE quang. - Lp t ti a 02 cp Splitter ti cc v tr ph hp kt ni cc thu bao, m bo ti u cc si quang trn mng. Quy hoch s im t b chia cng t cng tt. Nhu cu bng thng xp x 39 Mbps nn chn t l chia ti a l 1:64. - Lp t cc ONU/ONT ti cc cm dn c, khu th mi, to nh, cc cn h, trung tm qun huyn, cc khu cng nghip cung cp cc giao din ADSL 2+, VDSL2, FE/GE in hoc quang. - t cc b phn phi cp gn cc user (ONT/ONU). Khong cch cp gia OLT ti t kt ni quang cng xa cng tt. Dung lng cp cn p ng kh nng bo v v m rng.

- S dng cp c s si ln kt ni gia ODF v t. Mt cp c th kt ni ti mt hay nhiu t nhng khng nn qu 8 t. - ODF v OLT ti CO c th lp t trn cng hoc khc t. - Tnh ton suy hao p ng c yu cu ca mng truy nhp quang. - Nguyn tc i cp. - Nguyn tc bo v. 3.4.2. Tnh ton bng thng, la chn thit b. 3.4.2.1. Nguy tc tnh ton bng thng cho cc loi dch v. 3.4.2.2. Nguyn tc tnh ton bng thng cho thit b PON. 3.4.2.3. Nguyn tc la chn thit b PON. 3.4.3. xut gii php v l trnh trin khai mng truy nhp quang ca VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2015. ph hp vi iu kin a l, kinh t, s phn b nhu cu s dng dich v bng rng ti a bn tnh Lng Sn em nhn thy mng truy nhp quang ca VNPT Lng Sn nn trin khai theo hng kt hp c AON v PON. Trong giai on ti nm 2015 ch trin khai PON cho khu vc thnh ph Lng Sn. Cc khu vc cn li trin khai h thng AON. 3.4.3.1. Trin khai AON ti a bn cc trung tm ca VNPT Lng Sn. Theo cu hnh mng MAN-E ca VNPT Lng Sn, mng c chia lm 5 ring. Tng t em xut trin khai mng AON ca VNPT Lng Sn giai on t nay ti 2015 nh sau: Ring 1: gm 3 trung tm Vin thng: Cao Lc, Lc Bnh, nh Lp.

Hnh 3.8: S u ni cc thit b bng rng ti ring 1. Ring 2: Gm cc khu vc thuc cc trung tm Vin thng Vn Lng, Trng nh, im He ( thuc Vn Quan), Bnh Gia, Bc Sn.

Hnh 3.10 S u ni cc thit b bng rng ti ring 2. Ring 3: Gm cc trung tm Vin thng Chi Lng, Hu Lng, Vn Quan.

Hnh 3.12: S u ni cc thit b bng rng ti ring 3. Ring 5: Gm cc khu vc thuc cc trung tm Vin thng ng ng.

Hnh 3.14: S u ni cc thit b bng rng ti ring 5. 3.4.3.2. Trin khai GPON ti Thnh ph Lng Sn. Qua nhng nghin cu v cc cng ngh PON trn, kt hp cng vi tnh hnh trin khai PON ti Vit Nam ni chung, VNPT ni ring ti nhn thy p dng cng ngh GPON cho mng truy nhp quang VNPT Lng Sn l ph hp v hiu qu nht. - Lp t 01 OLT ti trm CES K La vi giao din Uplink ln MAN-E l 1x10GE, v 32 cng GPON Downlink. - Giai on 2012 2013: Trang b 24 b chia 1:4, 48 b chia 1:16 v 36 ONU cho cc im mi pht trin cu hnh: 96 cng ADSL 2+ v 24 cng VDSL2. Trong 14 b chia 1:4 dng kt ni cc ONU, 12 bi chia 1:4 v 48 b chia 1:16, 768 ONT dng kt ni cc khch hng FTTH, 864 u cui VDSL2 cung cp cho khch hng dng VDSL2.

- Giai on 2014 2015: Trang b thm 26 b chia 1:4, 32 cng GPON Downlink ti OLT, 96 ONU vi cu hnh 10432 cng ADSL 2+ v 240 cng VDSL2, 768 cng FE quang, 16 b chia 1:16 hon thin ton b cu hnh GPON trong vng CES Lng Sn nhu cu cung cp dch v ADSL 2+, VDSL2 v FTTH n ht nm 2015. Ngoi ra d kin cn d 2294 cng ADSL 2+, 312 cng VDSL2, 537 cng FE quang phc v cho pht trin dch v bng rng trong cc nm tip theo. 3.4.3.3. Mt vi kin ngh. Song song vi qu trnh GPON ho cc khu vc trn ta thc hin iu chuyn cc thit b DSLAM AON v cc a bn khc cung cp dch v trn nn cng ngh ADSL. u t thm thit b AON p ng nhu cu pht trin dch v trn ton tnh Lng Sn. ng thi cng a ra l trnh GPON ho cc vng c tim nng cn li nh th trn ng ng, Th trn Hu Lng, th trn Bc Sn theo nhu cu thc ti ca tng vng trong giai on 2015 2020. Cng vi vic trin khai mng truy nhp, ta cng phi ln k hoch tng bc tng dung lng mng MANE p ng c nhu cu bng thng trn ton tnh

KT LUN. Cng ngh PON l cng ngh ph hp cho trin khai mng truy nhp quang hin ti v trong tng lai. tit kim chi ph, khng ph v cu trc mng v khng phi u t mi cc tuyn quang, giai on u ta c th trin khai AON, khi nhu cu dch v, bng thng tng cao ta c th trin khai PON. Thng qua kho st, nh gi nhu cu s dng dch v bng rng trn a bn Lng Sn v kt hp vi nh hng trin khai PON ca tp on xut phng n trin khai GPON cho VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2015 v nh hng ti nm 2020.KT
LUN

Mng truy nhp quang c xem l c s h tng tt nht cho cc mng truy nhp bng rng. Vic nghin cu cc m hnh mng truy nhp quang mi vn ang c quan tm. Mc tiu hng ti l mm do, gim gi thnh, nng cao hiu qu s dng bng tn si quang. Hai loi mng truy nhp quang chnh hin nay l AON v PON. Trong PON vi nhiu u im ca mnh ang dn thay th cc mng AON nhng ni ng dn c, nhu cu s dng dch v bng rng ln. Trong cc gii php PON th gii php cng ngh GPON l gii php hp l nht i vi ba mc tiu m mng truy nhp quang hng ti. Th nht: khng phi thay i cu hnh hoc xy lp mi tuyn quang m ch cn t b chia ti im tp chung cp; th hai: gim c chi ph nh s dng chung c mi trng truyn dn gia nhiu ngi s dng; th ba: ph hp vi mi loi hnh truyn thng tin nh bng tn rng ca s quang. Cng ngh GPON ra i nhm mc ch kt hp cc im mnh ca truyn ti TDM kt hp vi c s h tng l mng cp quang chi ph thp, kt ni im a im, h tr c truyn ti TDM v Ethernet. y l cng ngh ha hn s gii quyt c cc vn tc nghn bng thng cho php xy dng mng cp quang truy nhp bng rng c tnh tng tc cao.

Hin nay GPON c ITU chun ho, v hon ton ph hp vi yu cu thc t ca th trng Vit Nam ni chung v Lng Sn ni ring.

KIN NGH V HNG NGHIN CU TIP THEO

Nghin cu h thng truy nhp PON da trn k thut truy nhp WDMA ang l hng m. Tim nng ca nhng h thng ny rt ha hn trong tng lai. y chnh l s thch thc i vi nhng nh nghin cu cng nh sn xut thit b. Hng nghin cu tip theo ca lun vn l v k thut truy nhp WDMA cho PON v a ra nhng gii php c th ph hp vi mng li ca ca VNPT ni chung v ca VNPT Lng Sn ni ring. Xy dng cu hnh mng truy nhp da trn cng ngh GPON cho VNPT Lng Sn ti nm 2020.