B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

CNG NGH SN XUT RU, BIA, NC GII KHT

ti 5: Hoa Houblon
GVHD: Thy Phan Vnh Hng

Danh sch nhm

1. Nguyn Thy Dng 2005100218 2. Chu Th Hng Thng 2005100290

c im
Phn loi

Vng gieo trng

Sn lng
Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh
Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa

1. c im ca hoa houblon
c tnh thc vt: Houblon (Humulus lupulus) l loi thc vt sng lu nm 30-40 nm, c chiu cao trung bnh t 10-15m, l cy to bng bn tay. C hoa c v hoa ci ring bit. Trong sn xut bia ch s dng hoa ci cha th phn. L loi thc vt a m thch hp vi t ph sa, t mn, t ct pha vi pH=7.

1. c im ca hoa houblon
Hnh dng: C dng hnh trng, di t 3-4 cm khi chn c mu vng n vng ng.

1. c im ca hoa houblon
Cu to: Gm 3 phn: trc, cnh v nh hoa. Trc hoa: phn ni tip ca cung, c nhiu khuu cong, thng l t 8-10. Cnh hoa: nh trc tip vo trc, cnh n ph ln cnh kia kiu p tha v to dng hnh chy. S cnh hoa trn mt bng thng l 40-100, trung bnh l 60.

1. c im ca hoa houblon
Cu to: Nh hoa: nm bn trong cnh hoa.

1. c im ca hoa houblon

1. c im ca hoa houblon
Cu to: Cnh hoa c mu vng xanh lc chn th chuyn sang mu vng hoa cau. Nu hoa chuyn sang mu g hoc cnh gin th cht lng ca chng gim n 50%. Ht lupulin: dng hnh cu, ng knh 0,150,25 mm, cha cc cht nha v cc loi du thm.

2. Phn loi
C 2 cch phn loi: Theo mu sc: Loi 1: c mu vng n vng rm. Loi 2: c mu lc. Loi 3: c mu xanh n xanh vng. Theo v: -axit ng. -axit ng. Nha: nha mm v nha cng.

2. Phn loi

2. Phn loi

2. Phn loi

2. Phn loi
Trn th trng hin nay ph bin 3 dng hoa houblon: Dng hoa cnh kh: bc kn trong giy (SO2 hoc nit )

Sy kh n m < 13%

p cht thnh bnh

2. Phn loi
Dng hoa cnh kh:

2. Phn loi
Trn th trng hin nay ph bin 3 dng hoa houblon: Dng hoa houblon ht, vin: Nghin nt hoa kh thnh dng bt

My p vin nh hnh

Gi kn trong cc bc giy

2. Phn loi
Dng hoa houblon ht, vin:

2. Phn loi
Trn th trng hin nay ph bin 3 dng hoa houblon: Dng hoa cao trch Cht ng Trch ly bng dm hu c (hexan, metanol,) DD cao houblon dng st- xanh l m Dung mi

2. Phn loi
Dng hoa cao trch

2. Phn loi
Bng cch trch li nh vy s tch c ring cht ng trong hoa ra dng m c ( hiu sut > 45%). Thng gi tr cht ng trong 1kg cao hoa bng 5-6 kg hoa cnh ( hoc vin). Sau khi thu c nc cao cht ng m c, b sung ng glucoza => tng m c ca cao => nh hnh vo cc bao b thch hp.

3. Vng gieo trng

c trng cc nc vng n i.
c v M l hai quc gia sn xut hoa houblon

ln nht.
Cng Ho Czech l nc c nng sut v cht

lng hoa hng u.

4. Sn lng
Sn lng thu hoch hoa houblon cc nc trn th gii (x 1000 tn)
Nm 1995
40 35 30 Nghn tn 25 20 15 10 5 0 M c Trung Quc Quc gia Cng Ha Czech 16.5 14.2 10.4 6.2 6.8 35.4 25.8 26.2 34.7 31.5 29 20

Nm 2002

Nm 2005

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

Thnh phn Nc Cht ng Tinh du Tanin Monosaccarit Pectin Amino axit Protein Lipit v sp Cht tro Xenluloza, lignin v cc cht khc Hm lng (%) 10-11 15-20 0,5-1,5 2-5 2 2 0,1 15-17 3 5-8 40-50

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

a) Cht cht: - Hm lng polyphenol trong hoa houblon l 25 % c trong cnh hoa v i hoa. - Hoa houblon bt u chn th hm lng tannin trong hoa cng bt u gim. - Tn ti trong hoa houblon nh nhng ht bi mu xm, cng thc phn t chung l C25H24O13.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

Vai tr: Gip cho dch ng trong nhanh v kt ta cc thnh phn protein khng bn, lm tng tnh n nh ca bia. Tanin cng lm kt ta c nhng phn protein bn dn n gim kh nng to bt ca bia. Thng thng hm lng tanin trong bia khong 0,012- 0,02 %.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

b) Cc hp cht ng ca hoa houblon:
L thnh phn c gi tr nht ca hoa houblon. To cho bia c v ng c trng v d chu. Gip cho bia c kh nng gi c bt lu. c ch mnh s pht trin ca vi sinh vt gip bia bo qun c lu hn.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

b) Cc hp cht ng ca hoa houblon:
Cht ng (tan trong ete dietyl)

Axit ng( hp cht tinh th)

Nha cht (hp cht v nh hnh) Nha mm Nha cng

- axit ng

- axit ng

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (humulon): - Tnh cht vt l: - Cht gy ng mnh nht 85-95 % cht ng trong bia. - Tinh th hnh khi mu vng nht, nhit nng chy khong 650C. - Ha tan km trong nc, song ha tan tt trong este, etylic, hecxan, methanol.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (humulon): - Cng thc phn t: C21H30O5 - Cng thc cu to:

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (humulon): Cc dng ng phn:
Tn gi Humulon R CH2CH(CH3) 2 % 35 70

Cohumulon
Adhumulon Prehumulon

CH(CH3)2
CH(CH3)CH2CH3 CH2OHCH(CH3)

20 30
10 15 13

Posthupulon

CH2CH3

15

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (humulon): Cc bin i: Cohumulon s chuyn thnh dng humulon d ha tan hn. g un si dch ng: cc hp cht humulon Sn phm c Qu trnh ng phn ha ng cao hn

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (lupulon): Tnh cht vt l: Tinh th hnh kim, khng mu, nhit nng chy 920C. Ha tan km trong nc v dch ng, ha tan c trong este, hexan v methanol. Kh nng gy ng, kh nng to bt yu hn humulon. Kh nng khng sinh li mnh hn.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (lupulon): - Cng thc phn t: C26H38O4 - Cng thc cu to:

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (lupulon): Cc dng ng phn:
Tn gi Lupulon R CH2CH(CH) 2 % 30 55

Colupulon
Adlupulon Prelupulon

CH(CH3)2
CH(CH3)CH2CH3 CH2CH2CH(CH3) 2

20 55
5 10 13

Postlupulon

CH2CH3

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

- axit ng (lupulon): Cc bin i: Khi un si hoa houblon vi dch ng lupulon cng b ng phn ha v sau cc ng phn mi b phn ct. Nu b oxy ha - axit chuyn thnh hulupon. Nu phn ng ko di, hulupon s b polymer ha v tr thnh nha mm v sau thnh nha cng.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

c im Tnh cht vt l Cng thc phn t ng Kh nng khng sinh - axit ng Tinh th hnh khi, t nc =650C C21H30O5 Gp 9 ln - axit - axit ng Tinh th hnh kim, khng mu, tnc =920C C26H38O4

gp 3 ln - axit

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

c) Tinh du thm ca hoa houblon: - Hoa houblon c cha t 0,5-1,5 % tinh du thm, vi nhng loi hoa houblon thm c th cha 3-4 %. -Tinh du hoa houblon c hn 200 hp cht c chia thnh 3 nhm: hydrocacbon (75%), cc cht cha lu huznh v cc hp cht cha oxy.

5. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc cu t chnh ca hoa houblon

c) Tinh du thm ca hoa houblon: - L nhng cht lng trong sut mu vng nht hoc khng mu. - D ha tan trong rc etylic nng cao, bay hi kh nhanh nhit thng. - Trong thi gian un si dch ng vi hoa houblon, c n 98% lng tinh du thm bay ra ngoi theo hi nc, ch cn li 2% tn ti trong bia.

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

Cht lng hoa houblon c nh gi da trn 2 ch tiu: Cm quan. Cc thnh phn ha hc ch yu ( xc nh ng ca hoa).

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

V cm quan: c xp theo 3 loi:
Ch tiu Mu sc Loi 1 Vng -> Vng ng c im -Cnh hoa to, u, chc. -Cha b bnh,rch. Loi 2 Vng hoc vng lc -Cho php c chm trn cnh hoa. - < 1% hoa b bnh, cnh hoa b rch <1,5 cm. Loi 3 Xanh vng-> vng -C nhiu vt ,. - < 5% hoa b bnh, tp cht < 9% cht kh.

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

Ch tiu Loi 1 Loi 2 Loi 3

Ht lupulin

-Vng hay vng ng. - mi thm c trng d chu.

-Vng-> vng sm. - Mi thm c trng khng ln mi tp cht.

< 3%. > 12 %.

-Vng sm. - Mi hi nng nhng vn c trng.

Tp cht

< 1,75 %.

< 9%. > 10%.

Tng lng > 15 %. cht ng

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

K thut nh gi:

Theo tiu chun ca U ban sn xut hoa houblon

Chu u, vic nh gi phi da trn 2 yu cu: Cc thnh phn c gi tr c nh gi n +100 im. Cc thnh phn lm gim gi tr hoa c nh gi n 30 im.

Thang im Lm sch Sy kh Hnh dng hoa Mu v bng Lupulin Cht thm X l khim khuyt - 1 -15 +1 +30 + 1 +15 +1 +5

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

K thut nh gi:

Hoa houblon s c phn loi nh sau:

<60 im : xu. 60 66 : trung bnh. 67 73 : tt. 74 79 : rt tt. > 80 : cc tt.

6. Kim tra v nh gi cht lng hoa houblon a vo sn xut

Xc nh ng ca hoa:
Ch tiu
Tng nha Tng hm lng nha mm Gi tr v dn in Phn nh Bt hoa houblon 12-14 10-18 4-10 5-9 Bt hoa c x l 22-40 18-36 7-20 11-16

Cao hoa
30-60 24-34 9-30 15-24

Nha cng

2-4

2-7

3-10

Kt lun
Hoa houlon l nguyn liu chnh th 2 sn xut bia. Gp phn to mi, v c trng ca bia ng thi hoa houblon cng c s dng nh 1 cht bo qun gip bia c n nh v gi bt lu hn. Do nhng tnh nng c bit nh vy nn qua nhiu thp nin tn ti v pht trin ca bia hoa houblon vn lun gi v tr c tn, l loi nguyn liu khng th thay th c.

Ti liu tham kho

1. Hong nh Ha, 2002, Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, NXB Khoa hc v K thut. 2. Nguyn Th Hin, 2001, Khoa hc- Cng ngh Malt v bia, NXB Khoa hc v K thut. 3. Bi i, 2003, Cng ngh ln men ng dng trong cng ngh thc phm, NXB i Hc Quc Gia TP.HCM

Cu hi
1. Loi hoa houblon no c s dng trong sn xut bia? a) Hoa ci cha th phn. b) Hoa ci th phn. c) C hoa c v hoa ci. d) Ch hoa c cha th phn .

Cu hi
2. Cht lng hoa houblon b gim n 50% khi hoa chuyn sang mu no? a) Mu vng hoa cau. b) Mu vng cam. c) Mu cnh gin. d) Mu g rn.

Cu hi
3. Cht gy ng mnh nht trong bia l? a) Cohumulon. b) Lupulon. c) Humulon. d) Colupulon.

Cu hi
4. Cng thc phn t ca - axit ng l? a) C26H36O4. b) C26H32O4. c) C24H38O4. d) C26H38O4.

Cu hi
5. Trong thi gian un si dch ng vi hoa houblon lng tinh du thm tn ti trong bia l? a) 5% b) 3% c) 4% d) 2%.

Cu hi
6. C my k thut nh gi hoa houblon? a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 1.

Cu hi
7. Hoa houblon mc im 67 73 c nh gi nh th no? a) Tt. b) Xu. c) Cc tt. d) Rt tt.

Cu hi
8. C my ch tiu xc nh ng trong hoa? a) 6. b) 4. c) 5. d) 7.