ATTILA NAGY - LEVENTE BENEDEK - MIRCEA BEJAN

ANALIZA PRINCIPALELOR TIPURI DE VIBRAII DINAMICE LA

UN POD DESTINAT PIETONILOR
ANALYSIS OF MAIN TYPES OF DYNAMIC VIBRATIONS AT A
BRIDGE FOR PASSER-BYES
The present paper deals with the dynamic mode analysis in different
situations at a bridge projected for passer-byes, with the help of the AxisVM
software. From the multiple studied modes of vibrations we are going to present
the main vibrations which appear due to the self-weight of the bridge, due to
complex forces (different loads), and also due to seismic forces (mode 1 simple
situation, mode 9 complex situation).
Key words: dynamic mode analysis, modes of vibrations, complex forces,
seismic forces.
Introducere
Lucrarea de fa are ca tem analiza modal dinamic n diferite situaii la un
pod pentru pietoni proiectat (creaie proprie), cu ajutorul programului AxisVM. Din
multiple de moduri de vibraii studiate, vom prezenta vibraiile principale care apar
datorit greutii proprie a podului, datorit forelor compuse (de ncrcri diferite),
precum i vibraiile care apar datorite forelor seismice (modul 1 - situaia simpl,
modul 9 - situaia complex).
Cuvinte cheie: analiza modal dinamic, moduri de vibraii, fore compuse,
fore seismice
CAP.1. PODUL DESTINAT PIETONILOR
Figura nr. 1 este o creaie proprie,
care reprezint organizarea unei grdini
tematice a crei funcionalitate este
reprezentat i de podul pentru acces
pietonal cu nclinaie n pant i susinere
asimetric, neconvenional.
Grdina tematic (Fig. 1) are
poziionat central un pod n care accesul
pietonal pornete de la nivelul solului,
apoi este susinut de elemente din beton
armat, apoi n mod neconvenional este
susinut n cruce, pentru ca n final s se
sprijine de o construcie cu arhitectur
medieval.
Figura nr.1.

CAP. 2. AxisVM PROGRAM DE ELEMENTE FINITE PENTRU CALCULUL

STRUCTURILOR
Programul AxisVM este ideal pentru ingineri constructori - este sistemul
integrat de "modelare vizual" cu ajutorul cruia proiectantul i poate construi
modelul 3D. Modelarea vizual permite proiectantului urmrirea grafic a intregului
proces de modelare i calcul, pn la faza de evaluare a rezultatelor.

Figura nr. 2.

Figura nr. 3.

AxisVM este un program modern bazat pe metoda elementelor finite,

destinat inginerilor constructori. Analiza static i dinamic a structurilor
bidimensionale precum i a celor tridimensionale se face att prin metode de calcul
liniare, ct i neliniare. Programul modeleaz structuri n cadre plane/spaiale,
grinzi cu zbrele plane/spaiale, grinzi pe mediu elastic, aibe n stare plan de
tensiune/deformaii, plci plane, plci cu nervuri, plci pe mediu elastic i structuri
de plci curbe subiri (fig. 2.,3.).
Programul permite dimensionare i verificare de armturi i seciuni metalice
conform standardelor romneti i celor europene, analiza seismic conform
P100/2006 (fig. 4.,5.).. La modelarea structurii pot fi utilizate elemente finite ntrun numr nelimitat i n combinaii libere (ex. structuri mixte din cadre i
diafragme).

Figura nr. 4.

Figura nr. 5.

CAP. 3 - VIBRAIA
Un corp vibreaz atunci cnd descrie o micare oscilatorie n jurul unei
poziii de referin .
Cel mai simplu mod de a vizualiza aceast vibraie (micare oscilatorie),
este cu ajutorul unei greuti suspendate de un resort (fig. 6). Orice alt corp poate
fi asimilat cu exemplul de mai sus, micarea oscilatorie realizndu-se dup aceleai
legi.

Figura nr. 6.
Atta timp ct nici o alt for nu este aplicat asupra corpului, el rmne n poziia
de repaus. n momentul cnd o for acioneaz asupra lul, el va oscila n jurul
acestel poziii, cu o amplitudine direct proporional cu fora aplicat i atta timp
ct fora rmne activ. Cnd fora nceteaz, oscilaia se amortizeaz uor, corpul
revenind n poziia de repaus. Dac se ataeaz masei n micare un dispozitiv de
nregistrare, rspunsul sistemului se poate obine pe o diagram (fig. 7).

Figura nr. 7.
Caracteristicile vibraiei:
-

Frecvena
Deplasarea
Viteza
Acceleraia

3.1. Frecvena
Timpul necesar desfurrii unui ciclu complet al vibraiei este T i se
numete perioad (T) <s> (graficul nr. 1.)
Frecvena (f) este numrul complet de cicluri ce se produc ntr-o anumit perioad
de timp.
f=1/T <Hz> <CPM>
Se msoar n Hertzi [Hz] i exprim numrul de cicluri pe secund, sau se
msoar n cicli pe minut [CPM].
1Hz = 1CPM/60

Graficul nr. 1.
3.2. Deplasarea
Ecuaia deplasrii (D) pentru o micare oscilatorie armonic simpl este:
D = Xpeak sin(wt) = Xpeak sin(2ft)
Unde:
D = deplasarea
Xpeak = deplasarea maxim fa de poziia de referin (de repaus).
w = viteza unghiular
w = 2f
t=timpul
Deplasarea se msoar n <m peak-to-peak> (vrf-la-vrf) n sistemul metric, sau
n <mils, peak-to-peak> n sistemul englezesc.
Reprezentarea grafic a deplasrii se poate vedea n fig.4.
- cnd t=0 atunci D=Xpeak sin(wt)=0
- cnd t=T/4 atunci D=Xpeak sin(2/4)=Xpeak, deoarece w=2f=2/t.
- cnd t=T/2 atunci D=Xpeak sin(2/2)=Xpeak sin(2)=0.

3.3. Viteza
Cnd piesa vibreaz, micarea se face cu o vitez (V) care este ntr-o
continu schimbare. n poziia de sus a greutii, viteza este 0 deoarece
greutatea se oprete pentru a-i schimba sensul de deplasare. La fel i n
poziia de jos. Viteza maxim, o are greutatea n poziia neutr.
Se observ n fig. 8, care este graficul vitez/timp, comparativ cu cel
deplasare/timp.
Din grafic se poate remarca defazajul de 90
ntre vitez i deplasare.
n sistemul metric viteza se masoar cel mai
frecvent n <mm/s rms> i mai rar n <mm/s peak>,
iar n sistemul englezesc unitatea de msur este
<in/s rms> i mai rar n <in/s peak>, unde:
In = inches
1 cm=0,394 inches
1 inches=25,4 mm
1 mils=0,001 inches=0,0254 mm=25,4 mm
Atenie! n general acolo unde nu se specific
dac unitatea de msur <mm/s> este "rms sau
"peak", se subnelege c este "rms".
Figura nr. 8.
Ecuaia vitezei se obine derivnd ecuaia deplasrii:
V = dX/dt = w Xpeak cos(wt) = Vpeak sin(wt+/2)
3.4. Acceleraia
Referindu-ne la micarea greutii din fig. 6, acceleraia (A) este maxim n
poziiile extreme ale piesei (unde i schimb direcia i viteza este zero). Cu ct
viteza crete, acceleraia descrete, ajungnd zero n poziia neutr (acolo unde
viteza este maxim, fig. 8). Spre poziia neutr, corpul decelereaz, ajungnd n
cealalt poziie extrem unde iari valoarea acceleraiei este maxim. Se observ
din grafic c acceleraia e defazat fa de vitez cu 90.
n sistemul metric acceleraia se msoar n <mm/s2 peak>, iar n sistemul
englezesc n <in/s2 peak>. ns cea mai des folosit unitate de masur n ambele
sisteme este <g peak>, unde g = 9,8 m/s2 = 386,087 in/s2 (acceleraia
gravitaional). Ecuaia acceleraiei se afl derivnd ecuaia vitezei:
A=dV/tlt=d2X/dt2=-w2 Xpeak sin(wt)=-Apeak sin(wt)=Apeak sin(wt+)
CAP.4. ANALIZA PRINCIPALELOR TIPURI DE VIBRAII DINAMICE
Principalele tipuri de vibraii dinamice n cazul structurilor sunt:
-vibraii libere, vibraii proprii, vibraii forate.
Analizele modale dinamice pot fi foarte variate, ncepnd cu moduri simple pn la
cele mai complexe. Analizele modale dinamice efectuate de noi cuprind 9 moduri,
din care v prezentm numai modulul cel mai simplu (modul 1) i modulul cel mai
complex (modul 9.) n continuare dorim s folosim tabele n locul descrierii prin
cuvinte ale fenomenelor.

4.1. Vibraii libere

Vibraiile libere ale unei structur sunt acele vibraii care apar dup
ncetarea forelor care acioneaz asupra structurei.
Pentru a determina vibraiile libere trebuie s cunoatem un moment de
timp, deplasriile i vitezele iniiale pe direcia fiecrui grad de libertate dinamic.
Modurile de vibraii a podului la greutatea permanent (proprie)
Modul 1

Grafic 1.1: Permanent Modul 1, (1.61 Hz),

Vedere de sus

Grafic1.2.: Permanent Modul 1,

(1.61 Hz), Vedere general

Deplasriile [Permanent, Modul 1 (1.61 Hz)]

Bara eX
[mm]
86
-0.041
177 -0.041
56
0.325
147 0.325
194 0.004
223 0
260 0.004
287 0
103 0.262
13
0.262
20
0.022
110 0.022
87
-0.039
178 -0.039
56
0.325
147 0.325
50
0.117
141 0.117
62
0.086
153 0.086
1
*
56
0.325
147 0.325
1
*
61
0.149
152 0.149

eY
[mm]
0.002
-0.002
0.001
-0.002
-0.015
-0.015
0.015
0.015
-0.002
0.001
-0.008
0.007
0.002
-0.003
0.001
-0.002
0
0
-0.001
0
*
0.001
-0.002
*
0
-0.001

eZ
[mm]
-0.007
0.008
0.026
-0.025
0.002
0
-0.002
0.001
-0.026
0.026
0.004
-0.004
-0.007
0.008
0.026
-0.025
0.011
-0.010
0.009
-0.009
*
0.026
-0.025
*
0.013
-0.013

eR
[mm]
0.041
0.042
0.326
0.326
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.015
0.264
0.264
0.023
0.023
0.040
0.040
0.326
0.326
0.118
0.118
0.086
0.086
0
0.326
0.326
*
0.150
0.150

fX
[rad]
0.00013
-0.00007
-0.00004
0
0.00177
0.00177
-0.00182
-0.00182
0.00007
-0.00012
-0.00280
0.00275
0.00003
0.00004
-0.00004
0
0.00187
-0.00192
-0.00231
0.00227
*
-0.00004
0
*
-0.00227
0.00222

fY
[rad]
-0.00689
-0.00689
0.02755
0.02755
0.00011
-0.00008
0.00003
-0.00014
0.02164
0.02164
0.00449
0.00449
-0.00722
-0.00722
0.02755
0.02755
0.00670
0.00670
0.00768
0.00768
*
0.02755
0.02755
*
0.01468
0.01468

fZ
[rad]
-0.00088
-0.00088
-0.00195
-0.00195
-0.00130
-0.00130
-0.00141
-0.00141
-0.00058
-0.00058
0.01598
0.01598
0.00004
0.00004
-0.00195
-0.00195
-0.03085
-0.03085
0.03144
0.03144
*
-0.00195
-0.00195
*
0.03050
0.03050

fR
[rad]
0.00694
0.00694
0.02762
0.02762
0.00219
0.00219
0.00230
0.00230
0.02165
0.02165
0.01683
0.01682
0.00722
0.00722
0.02762
0.02762
0.03162
0.03163
0.03244
0.03244
*
0.02762
0.02762
0
0.03393
0.03392

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

T = 1/f
T = 1/1.61 = 0.62 s
Modul 9

Grafic 2.1.: Permanent Modul 9 (4.28 Hz)

Vedere de sus

Grafic 2.2.: Permanent Modul 9

(4.28 Hz), Vedere general

Deplasriile [Permanent, Modul 9 (4.28 Hz)]

Bara
10
100
55
146
3
196
225
103
29
199
228
21
94
4
94
4
249
196
1
94

eX
[mm]
-0.021
-0.021
0.032
0.032
0
-0.012
-0.003
-0.019
-0.001
-0.006
-0.005
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.012
*
0

eY
[mm]
-0.062
-0.062
-0.060
-0.060
-0.065
0.158
0.158
-0.062
-0.061
0.087
0.087
-0.011
-0.058
-0.060
-0.058
-0.060
0
0.158
*
-0.058

eZ
[mm]
0.021
-0.022
0.018
-0.027
0
-0.005
0
-0.028
0.108
-0.002
-0.001
0.021
0.094
0.093
0.094
0.093
0
-0.005
*
0.094

eR
[mm]
0.068
0.069
0.070
0.073
0.065
0.159
0.158
0.070
0.124
0.087
0.087
0.023
0.111
0.111
0.111
0.111
0
0.159
*
0.111

fX
[rad]
-0.00079
-0.00200
-0.00083
-0.00082
0
-0.00569
-0.00569
-0.00010
0.00067
-0.01716
-0.01716
0.01239
-0.00017
-0.00043
-0.00017
-0.00043
0
-0.00569
*
-0.00017

fY
[rad]
0.01853
0.01853
0.02139
0.02139
0
-0.00035
0.00071
0.01796
0.00097
-0.00116
-0.00046
0.00028
-0.05003
0.04960
-0.05003
0.04960
0
-0.00035
*
-0.05003

fZ
[rad]
-0.00120
-0.00120
-0.00220
-0.00220
0
0.00316
0.00316
-0.00169
0.00031
-0.00489
-0.00489
0.00028
-0.02350
0.02416
-0.02350
0.02416
0
0.00316
*
-0.02350

fR
[rad]
0.01859
0.01868
0.02152
0.02152
0
0.00651
0.00654
0.01804
0.00122
0.01788
0.01785
0.01240
0.05528
0.05517
0.05528
0.05517
0
0.00651
0
0.05528

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

T = 1/f

T = 1/4.28 = 0,23 s

4.2. Vibraii proprii

Vibraii proprii sunt acele vibraii care rezult din forele care acioneaz
aspura sctructurei. n cazul nostru forele care acioneaz aspura podului sunt
ncrcri permanente, incrcri utile, ncrcri de vnt, ncrcri de zpad.

Vibraii proprii permit determinarea vectoriilor si valoriilor proprii

(caracteristicii dinamice ale podului) i identificarea sistemului dinamic.
Modurile de vibraii a podului la greutatea fundamental
Modul 1

Grafic 3.1.: Fundamental Modul 1 (0.79 Hz), Grafic 3.2.: Fundamental Modul 1 (0.79 Hz),
Vedere de sus
Vedere general

Deplasriile [Fundamental, Modul 1 (0.79 Hz)]

Bara
86
177
56
147
194
223
260
287
103
147
13
56
20
110
87
178
58
149
50
141
62
153
1
56
147
1
62
153

eX
[mm]
-0.012
-0.012
0.150
0.150
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.133
0.150
0.133
0.150
0.011
0.011
-0.011
-0.011
0.135
0.135
0.053
0.053
0.040
0.040
*
0.150
0.150
*
0.040
0.040

eY
[mm]
0.001
-0.001
0
0
-0.005
-0.005
0.005
0.005
0
0
0
0
-0.003
0.003
0.001
-0.001
0
0
0
0
-0.001
0.001
*
0
0
*
-0.001
0.001

eZ
[mm]
-0.003
0.003
0.008
-0.008
0.001
0
-0.001
0
-0.008
-0.008
0.008
0.008
0.001
-0.001
-0.002
0.003
0.008
-0.008
0.003
-0.003
0.003
-0.003
*
0.008
-0.008
*
0.003
-0.003

eR
[mm]
0.012
0.012
0.150
0.150
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.133
0.150
0.133
0.150
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.135
0.135
0.053
0.053
0.040
0.040
0
0.150
0.150
*
0.040
0.040

fX
[rad]
0.00001
0.00001
0
-0.00001
0.00070
0.00070
-0.00071
-0.00071
0.00002
-0.00001
-0.00003
0
-0.00090
0.00088
-0.00002
0.00004
-0.00037
0.00035
0.00065
-0.00066
-0.00075
0.00074
*
0
-0.00001
*
-0.00075
0.00074

fY
[rad]
-0.00216
-0.00216
0.00747
0.00747
0.00009
0.00001
0.00007
0
0.00648
0.00747
0.00648
0.00747
0.00174
0.00174
-0.00221
-0.00221
0.00776
0.00776
0.00072
0.00073
0.00189
0.00189
*
0.00747
0.00747
*
0.00189
0.00189

fZ
[rad]
-0.00025
-0.00025
-0.00032
-0.00032
-0.00050
-0.00050
-0.00052
-0.00052
0.00017
-0.00032
0.00017
-0.00032
0.00809
0.00809
0
0
0.00618
0.00618
-0.01430
-0.01430
0.01509
0.01509
*
-0.00032
-0.00032
*
0.01509
0.01509

fR
[rad]
0.00218
0.00218
0.00748
0.00748
0.00086
0.00085
0.00088
0.00088
0.00648
0.00748
0.00648
0.00748
0.00832
0.00832
0.00221
0.00221
0.00993
0.00993
0.01433
0.01433
0.01523
0.01523
*
0.00748
0.00748
0
0.01523
0.01523

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

T = 1/f

T = 1/0.79 = 1,26 s

Modul 9

Grafic 4.1: Fundamental Modul 9 (2.39 Hz), Grafic 4.2.: Fundamental Modul 9 (2.39 Hz),
Vedere lateral
Vedere general

Deplasriile [Fundamental, Modul 9 (2.39 Hz)]

Bara
208
55
146
3
263
290
133
12
55
20
5
270
56
147
281
4
1
55
1
20

eX
[mm]
-0.011
0.023
0.023
0
0.008
0.003
-0.002
0.001
0.023
-0.002
-0.002
0.003
0.022
0.022
-0.006
0
0
0.023
*
-0.002

eY
[mm]
0.002
-0.006
-0.006
-0.044
0.008
0.008
-0.002
-0.004
-0.006
-0.039
0.001
0.001
-0.003
-0.004
-0.016
-0.007
0
-0.006
*
-0.039

eZ
[mm]
0
0.128
0.107
0
-0.002
-0.001
-0.016
0.128
0.128
0.022
0.044
0.020
0.128
0.107
0.022
-0.003
0
0.128
*
0.022

eR
[mm]
0.011
0.130
0.109
0.044
0.011
0.009
0.016
0.128
0.130
0.045
0.044
0.021
0.130
0.109
0.028
0.008
0
0.130
*
0.045

fX
[rad]
-0.00050
0.00081
0.00075
0
-0.00104
-0.00104
-0.00012
0.00059
0.00081
-0.01374
0.01014
0.00320
-0.00135
-0.00106
0.00736
-0.00155
0
0.00081
*
-0.01374

fY
[rad]
0.00088
0.00880
0.00880
0
-0.00054
-0.00039
0.00103
0.00839
0.00880
0.00081
0.00206
-0.00317
0.00889
0.00889
-0.00113
0.00007
0
0.00880
*
0.00081

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

T = 1/f

T = 1/2.39 = 0.41 s

fZ
[rad]
0.00116
-0.00113
-0.00113
0
-0.00159
-0.00159
-0.00007
-0.00082
-0.00113
-0.00049
0.00144
0.00009
-0.00042
-0.00042
-0.00492
0.00293
0
-0.00113
*
-0.00049

fR
[rad]
0.00154
0.00891
0.00890
0
0.00198
0.00194
0.00104
0.00845
0.00891
0.01377
0.01045
0.00450
0.00900
0.00896
0.00893
0.00331
0
0.00891
0
0.01377

4.3. Vibraii forate

Sunt vibraii produse de fore perturbatoare armonice, periodice sau
aleatoare. n cazul vibraiilor forate se studieaz aciunea dinamic aplicat
indirect (seism) aspura podului. S vedem n continuare cum va fi n cazul nostru.
Modurile de vibraii a podului la fora seismic
Modul 1

Grafic 5.1: Seism Modul 1 (1.28 Hz),

Vedere de sus

Grafic 5.2.: Seism Modul 1 (1.28 Hz),

Vedere general

Deplasriile [Seism, Modul 1 (1.28 Hz)]

Bara
86
177
56
147
194
223
260
287
103
13
20
110
87
178
58
149
50
141
62
153
1
56
147
1
61
152

eX
[mm]
-0.024
-0.024
0.249
0.249
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.213
0.213
0.018
0.018
-0.023
-0.023
0.225
0.225
0.089
0.089
0.066
0.066
*
0.249
0.249
*
0.115
0.115

eY
[mm]
0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.001
-0.010
-0.010
0.010
0.010
-0.001
0.001
-0.005
0.005
0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.001
0
0
-0.001
0.001
*
0.001
-0.001
*
0
0

eZ
[mm]
-0.005
0.005
0.017
-0.016
0.002
0
-0.002
0
-0.016
0.017
0.003
-0.003
-0.005
0.005
0.015
-0.015
0.007
-0.006
0.006
-0.006
*
0.017
-0.016
*
0.008
-0.008

eR
[mm]
0.024
0.025
0.250
0.250
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.214
0.214
0.019
0.019
0.024
0.024
0.225
0.225
0.089
0.089
0.066
0.066
0
0.250
0.250
*
0.115
0.115

fX
[rad]
0.00005
-0.00001
-0.00001
-0.00002
0.00123
0.00123
-0.00126
-0.00126
0.00004
-0.00006
-0.00176
0.00174
-0.00001
0.00005
-0.00071
0.00068
0.00123
-0.00125
-0.00147
0.00144
*
-0.00001
-0.00002
*
-0.00146
0.00143

fY
[rad]
-0.00418
-0.00418
0.01603
0.01603
0.00012
-0.00002
0.00008
-0.00005
0.01319
0.01319
0.00313
0.00313
-0.00432
-0.00432
0.01612
0.01612
0.00282
0.00283
0.00429
0.00429
*
0.01603
0.01603
*
0.00896
0.00896

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

10

fZ
[rad]
-0.00050
-0.00050
-0.00094
-0.00094
-0.00089
-0.00089
-0.00094
-0.00094
-0.00002
-0.00002
0.01299
0.01299
0.00004
0.00004
0.00981
0.00981
-0.02377
-0.02378
0.02474
0.02474
*
-0.00094
-0.00094
*
0.02381
0.02381

fR
[rad]
0.00421
0.00421
0.01605
0.01605
0.00152
0.00152
0.00158
0.00158
0.01319
0.01319
0.01348
0.01347
0.00432
0.00432
0.01889
0.01888
0.02397
0.02398
0.02515
0.02515
*
0.01605
0.01605
0
0.02548
0.02548

T = 1/f

T = 1/1.28 = 0.78 s

Modul 9

Grafic 6.1.: Seism Modul 9 (3.71 Hz),

Vedere de sus

Grafic 6.2.: Seism Modul 9 (3.71 Hz),

Vedere general

Deplasriile [Seism, Modul 9 (3.71 Hz)]

Bara
77
168
43
134
261
288
195
224
30
74
121
165
199
228
265
292
76
167
79
91
182
85
176
185
261
3
76
167

eX
[mm]
-0.158
-0.158
0.119
0.119
-0.012
0.003
-0.011
0.003
0.075
-0.082
0.075
-0.082
-0.002
-0.001
-0.004
-0.001
-0.142
-0.142
-0.004
-0.094
-0.094
-0.075
-0.075
0
-0.012
*
-0.142
-0.142

eY
[mm]
0.015
-0.015
0.010
-0.010
-0.179
-0.179
0.168
0.168
0.020
0.022
-0.020
-0.022
0.079
0.079
-0.085
-0.085
0.018
-0.018
-0.007
0.011
-0.011
-0.001
0.002
0
-0.179
*
0.018
-0.018

eZ
[mm]
-0.063
0.063
-0.046
0.044
0.008
-0.003
-0.008
0.003
-0.066
-0.066
0.067
0.067
-0.001
0
0.001
0
-0.066
0.066
-0.003
-0.058
0.056
-0.031
0.027
0
0.008
*
-0.066
0.066

eR
[mm]
0.171
0.171
0.128
0.127
0.180
0.179
0.169
0.169
0.102
0.108
0.103
0.108
0.079
0.079
0.085
0.085
0.158
0.158
0.008
0.111
0.110
0.081
0.080
0
0.180
*
0.158
0.158

fX
[rad]
0.00137
-0.00153
0.00246
-0.00267
0.00824
0.00824
-0.00786
-0.00786
-0.00077
-0.00046
0.00067
0.00036
-0.01634
-0.01634
0.01748
0.01748
0.00089
-0.00103
0.00056
0.00168
-0.00188
0.00268
-0.00288
0
0.00824
*
0.00089
-0.00103

fY
[rad]
-0.06707
-0.06711
-0.04048
-0.04048
-0.00058
0.00042
-0.00088
0.00014
-0.05971
-0.06412
-0.05971
-0.06412
-0.00083
0.00012
-0.00098
0.00006
-0.06897
-0.06897
0.01103
-0.05316
-0.05322
-0.03386
-0.03386
0
-0.00058
*
-0.06897
-0.06897

Calcul perioadei de vibrae

T = 1/f T = 1/3.71 = 0.26 s

11

fZ
[rad]
-0.01419
-0.01421
-0.00570
-0.00570
0.00559
0.00559
0.00516
0.00516
-0.01124
-0.00507
-0.01124
-0.00507
-0.00452
-0.00452
-0.00467
-0.00467
-0.00554
-0.00554
-0.01415
-0.04144
-0.04143
0.02115
0.02115
0
0.00559
*
-0.00554
-0.00554

fR
[rad]
0.06856
0.06862
0.04095
0.04096
0.00998
0.00997
0.00945
0.00941
0.06077
0.06432
0.06077
0.06432
0.01697
0.01695
0.01812
0.01809
0.06920
0.06920
0.01795
0.06743
0.06747
0.04002
0.04003
0
0.00998
0
0.06920
0.06920

CAP.5. CONCLUZII

BIBLIOGRAFIE
[1]. Alexiu, I. etc.: Poduri, Editura Didactic i Pedagogic, Bucureti, 1973.
[2]. Bejan, Mircea: Rezistena materialelor I., II . Editura AGIR Bucureti, Editura MEGA Cluj-Napoca, 2007.
[3]. Belous, V.: Creaia tehnic n construcia de maini, Inventica , Editura Junimea, Iai,

1986.

[4]. Bobancu . etc.: Tehnici de creativitate , Editura Lux Libris, Braov, 1998.
[5]. Bullington, P: The Tower and the Bridge, Princeton University, New Jersey, 1983.
[6]. Chira, Nicolae etc.: Cadre metalice spaiale semirigide , Editura U. T. Pres, Cluj- Napoca, 2002.
[7]. Coma, Dan-Sorin: Metoda elementelor finite , Curs introductiv, Editura U.T.Pres, Cluj- Napoca, 2007.
[8]. Gibbs-Smith, Charles: Invenille lui Leonardo da Vinci , Editura Meridiane, Bucureti,1982.
[9]. Kollri L., - Vmossy Ferenc : Mrnki alkotsok eszttikja , Akademia Kiado, Buda-pest, 1996.
[10]. Manolea, Gh. : Bazele cercetrii creative . Editura Agir, Bucureti, 2006.
[11]. Moga, Andrei Paca, Remus Emil: Procedee moderne pentru executarea suprastructurii
podurilor , Editura U.T.Pres, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
[12]. Picon, A Yvon, M.: Lingnieur artiste . Presses Ponts et chausses, 1989.
[14]. Popa, Augustin Roman, Florian: Calculul structurilor de rezisten pe mediul elastic , Editura
U.T.Pres, Cluj-Napoca, 1998.
*** - Reglementare tehnic ,,Cod de proiectare. Bazele proiectrii structurilor n construcii, indicativ
CR 0-2005 din 27/12/2005, Publicat in Monitorul Oficial , Partea I nr. 148bis din 16/02/2006.
*** - Reglementri tehnice ,,Cod de proiectare. Evaluarea aciunii zpezii asupra construciilor,
indicativ CR 1-1-3-2005, Publicat in Monitorul Oficial pe 16/02/2006.
*** - Reglementare tehnic ,,Cod de proiectare. Bazele proiectrii i aciunii asupra construciilor.
Aciunea vntului, indicativ NP 082-04-2005, Publicat in Monitorul Oficial din 25/04/2005.
*** - Universitatea Tehnic de Construcii, Bucureti, ,,Cod de proiectare seismic P-100, Partea I, P100-2/2006, PREVEDERI DE PROIECTARE, CONTRACT 174/2002, Redactare a IV-a, august 2006.
www. AxisVM - Program de elemente finite pentru calculul structurilor

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