Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview
Imaging Methods
CXR: Main CXR M i Focus F Others: Computed Tomography, MRI, Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine Densities Anatomy y and approach pp Technical Factors
Approach to CXR
Computed Tomography
Numerous protocols/techniques depending on clinical history Helical/spiral versus high resolution Contrast
Nuclear Medicine
Computed Tomography
Role of CT
Main further investigation for most CXR abnormality (eg nodule/mass) or to exclude disease with normal CXR Main investigation for certain scenarios (PE (PE, dissection dissection, trauma)
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Variety of tests: functional rather than anatomic V/Q specific to chest imaging Others: bone scan, gallium, WBC etc.
Ultrasound
Chest Radiographs
Limited use in thorax (non cardiac) due to air in lungs Assess pleural effusions Mainly used for procedures
Minimizes magnification of heart (heart closest to film) Supine or Erect Lordotic Lateral decubitus (for effusions, pneumothorax)
Specialized Views
Normal Anatomy
Sternum
Intercostal Space
Rib
Cardiovascular: Heart
Axial CT Image
Cardiovascular: Heart
Axial CT Image
R
Right Ventricle Right Atrium
L Right atrium forms right heart border Right ventricle forms Anterior heart border
R
Left Ventricle Left L ft Atrium
L Left atrium forms Part of posterior heart border Left ventricle forms Left and posterior heart border
Scapula
Retrosternal Airspace
Hil Hilum
SVC
Aortic Arch
IVC
Pulmonary Vessels
Airway Anatomy
Trachea
Carina
Bronchus
Lung Anatomy
Upper Lobe Middle Lobe Lower Lobe Upper Lobe (includes lingula) L Lower L Lobe b
Left
10
11
Parietal Pleura
Pleura
Lubricates L bi and d prevents f friction i i d during i respiration i i Potential Space Dont see unless abnormal
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura: Lines chest wall, mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces Visceral pleura: Lines lungs, fissures
12
Clavicles
Patient Identification (name and date) Markers (Left ( f vs right) ) Assess for rotation (clavicles vs spinous process) Penetration (thoracic spine should be visible) Degree of Inpiration: 6th anterior or 10th posterior
6 7
Spinous Process
10 11
13
Inspiration/Expiration Images
E i ti Expiration
4th Anterior
Expiration
14