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Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang

B MN CNG NGH PHN MM ViN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

Mc tiu
LP TRNH HNG I TNG Bi 10. Biu use case v Biu hot ng
Cao Tun Dng- Nguyn Th Thu Trang

M t c mc ch v li ch ca Biu use case Nm c cc thnh phn chnh ca Biu use case: Actor, Use case, Relationship Bit cch xc nh cc actor, use case v relationship Hiu c mc ch v cc k hiu s dng trong Biu hot ng

Ni dung
1. Tng quan v biu use case 2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu use case 3. Biu hot ng

1.1. Tng quan v biu use case


Mi h thng tng tc vi con ngi hoc cc h thng khc thc hin nhim v Cc hnh vi ca h thng c th c m t trong cc use case.
What, not How Cc use case m t cc tng tc gia h thng v mi trng ca n Biu use case

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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1.2. Li ch ca biu use case


1.1. Tng quan v biu use case (2)
Biu m t cc yu cu chc nng ca h thng di dng cc use case. Bao gm cc chc nng mong i ca h thng (use case) v mi trng (actor) ca n.
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Ging nh mt bn hp ng gia ngi pht trin phn mm v khch hng. L cng c mnh m cho vic lp k hoch c dng trong tt c cc giai on trong quy trnh pht trin h thng
Khch hng ca bn phi ph chun biu use-case S dng biu use case tho lun vi khch hng. Cc thnh vin tham gia vo d n, s dng m hnh ny hiu r hn v h thng

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1.2. Li ch ca biu use case (2)


Giao tip Xc nh Kim chng
Communication

Ni dung
Use Case
Identification Verification

1. Tng quan v biu use case 2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu use case 3. Biu hot ng

End User

Domain Expert

Users

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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2.1. Tc nhn (actor)


Tc nhn l bt k th g tng tc vi h thng, c s trao i d liu vi h thng
L mt lp/loi ngi dng ch khng phi mt ngi c th Mt ngi dng c th c th ng vai tr l cc tc nhn khc nhau, c ngha l ngi c nhiu vai tr khc nhau trong h thng Khng phi l mt phn ca h thng
Actors are EXTERNAL.

V d v tc nhn
-Tc nhn KHNG phi l mt phn ca h thng!!! - Gip gii hn h thng Tc nhn c th l:
Ngi dng, Thit b phn cng H thng phn mm khc

Actor

Tc nhn trao i thng tin vi h thng:


Gi thng tin ti h thng Nhn thng tin t h thng

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Tm kim tc nhn ca h thng


t cc cu hi sau tm ra tc nhn:
Nhm ngi no yu cu h thng lm vic gip h? Nhm ngi no kch hot chc nng ca h thng? Nhm ngi no s duy tr v qun tr h thng hot ng? H thng c tng tc vi cc thit b hay phn mm ngoi vi no khc hay khng?

2.2. Use case


Use case m t chc nng ca h thng, l mt chui cc hnh ng ca h thng thc hin nhm thu c mt kt qu d thy ti mt tc nhn no .
Mt use case m hnh ha mt hi thoi gia mt hoc nhiu tc nhn vi h thng Mt use case m t hnh ng ca h thng thc hin nhm mang n mt gi tr no cho tc nhn. Use Case

Thng tin v tc nhn:


Tn tc nhn phi m t vai tr ca tc nhn mt cch r rng Tn nn l danh t Cn m t khi qut kh nng ca tc nhn

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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Tm use case ca h thng


Xem cc yu cu chc nng tm ra cc UC i vi mi tc nhn tm c, t cc cu hi:
Cc tc nhn yu cu nhng g t h thng Cc cng vic chnh m tc nhn mun HT thc thi? Tc nhn c to ra hay thay i d liu g ca HT? Tc nhn c phi thng bo g cho HT? Tc nhn c cn thng tin thng bo g t HT?

Nhng iu nn trnh khi to UC


To ra cc UC qu nh
Hnh ng qu n gin m ch cn m t bi vi dng

To ra qu nhiu Use case (hng chc)


Nhm cc Use case lin quan thnh mt Use case tng qut (mc 1) M t cc Use Case tng qut mt s khc (mc 2)
V d: Qun l sch bao gm Nhp sch, Xut sch,

Thng tin v use case:


Tn ca UC nn ch r kt qu ca qu trnh tng tc vi tc nhn Tn nn l ng t M t ngn gn v mc ch ca UC

S dng cc Use-case qu c th, hoc lm vic vi d liu qu c th. V d:


Tm sch theo tn (nn l Tm sch) Nhp Pin vo my ATM (nn l Nhp PIN) Thm sch (nn l Qun l sch bao gm Thm sch)

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2.3. Mi lin h (relationship)


Mi lin h gia cc actor vi nhau
Khi qut ha (Generalization) Giao tip

2.3.1. Mi lin h gia cc actor vi nhau


Khi qut ha (Generalization)
Tc nhn con k tha tnh cht v hnh vi ca tc nhn cha

Mi lin h gia actor v use case


Giao tip

Giao tip
Xt s khc nhau gia hai biu sau

Mi lin h gia cc use case vi nhau


Generalization: Khi qut ha Include: Bao hm Extend: M rng

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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2.3.2. Mi lin h gia actor vi use case


Thit lp quan h gia Tc nhn v Use Case
Chng tng tc bng cch gi cc tn hiu cho nhau

2.3.2. Mi lin h gia actor vi use case (2)


Chiu ca quan h chnh l chiu ca tn hiu gi i T tc nhn ti Use Case
Kch hot Use case Hi thng tin no trong h thng Thay i thng tin no trong h thng Thng bo cho UC v mt s kin t bit no xy ra vi h thng

Mt use case m hnh ha mt hi thoi gia cc tc nhn v h thng Mt use case c bt u bi mt tc nhn gi mt chc nng no trong h thng.

T Use Case ti tc nhn:


Nu nh c mt iu g xy ra vi HT v tc nhn cn c bit s kin UC i khi cn hi thng tin no t mt tc nhn trc khi UC a ra mt quyt nh

Association

Use Case

Actor

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2.2.3. Mi lin h gia cc use case

a. Quan h generalization
c s dng ch ra mt vi tnh cht chung ca mt nhm tc nhn hoc UC S dng khi nim k tha
M t hnh vi chung (chia s) trong UC cha M t hnh vi ring trong (cc) UC con

Generalization <<include>>
always use

<<extend>>
sometime use

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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b. Quan h <<include>>
Cho php mt UC s dng chc nng ca UC khc Chc nng ca UC Inclusion s c gi trong UC Base S dng stereotype l <<include>>

c. Quan h <<extend>>
Cho php m rng chc nng ca mt UC Chn hnh vi ca UC Extension vo UC Base Ch chn khi iu kin extend ng (m rng, pht sinh) Chn vo lp c s ti im pht sinh (extension point) S dng stereotype l <<extend>>

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c biu use case


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c biu use case


Course Catalog
Maintain Professor Information

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Tr li cc cu hi sau:
M t cc chc nng ca h thng Sinh vin c th tc ng ln nhng use-case no? Gio vin c th tc ng ln nhng use-case no? Nu A va l sinh vin va l gio vin, anh ta c th thc hin c nhng use-case no? S ny khng ni ln c nhng g? Nhng use-case no cn thit thc hin u tin?

Student
Login Maintain Student Information

Registrar
Select Courses to Teach Close Registration

Professor
Submit Grades

Billing System

Biu use case c th m t ht c khng?

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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3. Biu hot ng Ni dung


1. Tng quan v biu use case 2. Cc thnh phn chnh trong biu use case 3. Biu hot ng
Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram AD) c s dng m t cc hot ng v cc hnh ng c thc hin trong mt use case
Biu lung (flow chart): Ch ra lung iu khin t hot ng/hnh ng ny n hot/hnh ng khc.
Flow of Events
This use case starts when the Registrar requests that the system close registration. 1. The system checks to see if registration is in progress. If it is, then a message is displayed to the Registrar and the use case terminates. The Close Registration processing cannot be performed if registration is in progress. 2. For each course offering, the system checks if a professor has signed up to teach the course offering and at least three students have registered. If so, the system commits the course offering for each schedule that contains it.

Activity 2

Activity 1

Activity 3

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3. Biu hot ng (2)


Hot ng
c t cho hnh vi c din t nh mt lung thc thi thng qua s sp xp th t ca cc n v nh hn. Cc n v nh hn bao gm cc hot ng lng nhau v cc hnh ng ring l c bn

AD for Register for course use case


Initial activity Concurrent Threads (Tin trnh song song)
Select Course

Decision
[ delete course ]

Activity/Action

Delete Course

[ add course ]

C th cha cc rng buc biu thc logic khi hot ng c gi hoc kt thc
Activity 2 <<Precondition>> Boolean constraint Activity 4

Synchronization Bar (Fork) Guard Condition (iu kin rng buc)


Check Schedule Check Pre-requisites

Thanh ng b (phn nhnh)

[ checks completed ]

[ checks failed ]

Synchronization Bar (Join) Thanh ng b (Kt hp) Transition


(Chuyn dch)

Assign to Course

Resolve Conflicts

Activity 5

<<Postcondition>> Boolean constraint

Update Schedule

Final activity

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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Phn chia (Partition)


Gi mt AD khc
Biu hot ng ch m t iu g xy ra ch khng m t ai lm g Nu mun ch ra ai lm g th c th phn chia thnh cc phn bao gm cc hot ng do ai lm C th phn chia theo mt chiu (hng hoc ct) hoc hai chiu (c hng v ct)

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Cho:
Cc tc nhn: Ngi mua, H thng E-mail, H thng cho vay v H thng bo co tn dng Cc use case: Tm ngi mi gii, Qun l h s c nhn, Tm kim nh v Yu cu vay Cc mi lin kt:
T ngi mua ti Tm ngi mi gii T ngi mua ti Qun l h s c nhn T ngi mua ti Tm kim nh T ngi mua ti Yu cu vay Qun l h s c nhn ti H thng e-mail Tm kim nh ti H thng e-mail Yu cu vay ti H thng e-mail, H thng cho vay Yu cu vay ti H thng bo co tn dng

Phn chia mt chiu hay cn gi l swim lane

Hy v:
Biu use-case

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

Object-Oriented Language and Theory - Nguyen Thi Thu Trang


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Cho:
Cc trng thi hnh ng:
Chn h s Tm h s ngi mua To h s mi ng nhp

Lung hot ng:


Bt u t Chn h s ti Tm h s ngi mua ri i t Tm h s ngi mua n To h s mi nu h s khng tn ti. Nu h s tn ti th c th ng nhp

Hy v:
Biu hot ng

Chapter 08 - Use case diagram and activity diagram

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