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Chapter 2

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11
Forces And Motion

Momentum
Definition Momentum = Mass × Velocity
p = mv

The Principle Of Conservation Of Momentum


For a system of colliding objects along a straight line, the total momentum before
collision is equal to the total momentum after collision, provided that no external force
acts on the system.
m1 m2 m1 m2
u1 u2 v1
v2
Before collision After collision
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2

Examples And Applications


Newtonʼs Cradle
mu = mv 2mu = 2mv

mu mv 2mu 2mv
Total momentum before explosion
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after explosion
= Total momentum after collision = Zero

Exhaust gas Moving forwards


Balloon
Downward = Upward
momentum momentum
Backward = Forward
momentum momentum

Question Solution
Object P of mass 6 kg moves horizontally with m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2
velocity 6 m s−1 and collides with object Q of 6 × 6 + 2 × 4 = 6 × 4 + 2v2
mass 2 kg, moving with velocity 4 m s−1 in the Velocity of object Q, v2 = 10 m s−1
same direction. After collision, the velocity of
object P is 4 m s−1.
What is the velocity of object Q?

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