Relay Selection Guide

g
MUL TILIN
GET-8048A
GE Power Management
Relay Selection Guide
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Types of Distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Detection Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Protection Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PROTECTIVE ZONE PACKAGES

Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Incoming Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 GE Relay Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
INTRODUCTION
Power distribution systems serving industrial or commercial facilities represent a variety of costs to the owner. Obviously, the capital cost of the equipment is a concern, as is the cost of the energy which that power system delivers to the loads which convert electrical energy to a saleable product or service. There are some less obvious costs - the cost or reliability, measured in products or services which cannot be sold because power is unavailable, or an even more illusive concept, the cost of quality, which relates to customer satisfaction. Ultimately, as the designer of the system struggles with devising a system arrangement and choosing equipment, he must face the reality that no matter how clever he is, no matter how much redundancy he builds into the system, and no matter how much he pays for premium quality components, he simply cannot build a system which will never fail. This is where system protection, and protective relays become important. If component failure is inevitable, then it is necessary to provide a means of detecting these failures. Better and faster protection afford a number of desirable attributes, all of which ultimately result in saving the owner of the system money through cost avoidance. When component distress is detected and corrected earlier, the damage associated with the failure is minimized, which results in lower repair costs (or even the ability to repair versus the need to replace). At the same time, faster and more sensitive detection of problems means that the cause of the problem can be corrected while it is still a minor problem, and before it escalates into a major catastrophe. Protection is applied on a component basis. Relays are associated with each major component of the power distribution system to detect various forms of distress associated with those components. If one of those relays operates (which means that an output contact closes because the relay detects a level of distress in excess of its calibration or setting), it initiates tripping of circuit breakers or other protective devices which then isolates the defective system components. It may be convenient to think of the circuit breaker as the muscle that does the work of isolating the component, while the relay is the brain which decides that isolation is required. Because protection is associated with components, it has become customary to talk about relays which protect the component with which they are paired. While it is true that faster and more sensitive protection does reduce the amount of damage at the point of the actual fault or distress, and in this sense, relays which detect and de-energize defective equipment do protect their associated components, the value of relay protection on system continuity is even greater. In the limit, a failed motor may have to be replaced, but good relaying on the motor will isolate the motor from the remainder of the power distribution system, allowing it to continue to function and permitting the facility to continue in-service. Ultimately, therefore, it is system protection and service continuity that are the justification for good relay protection.
BASIC CONCEPTS
Zones of Protection One of the most powerful conceptual
tools available to the protection engineer is the notion of zones" as shown in Figure 1 Rather than thinking of the power distribution system as unbounded, successful protection relies on visualizing the system as a collection of discrete zones which can be individually protected using equipment designed to detect the unique forms of abnormalities associated with each component.
Figure 1 Zones include any circuit breakers associated with protected equipment
Association with a significant component (in this case, a line). Terminates at and includes a circuit breaker (or other interrupter) which can respond to trip signals from relays associated with the zone. Represents a minimum amount of system which must be de-energized to correct a problem anywhere in the zone.
Other zones could be defined to comprise buses, generators, motors, cables, etc. Figure 2 shows one final requirement about these zones - they must overlap. Because protection is applied in association with these defined zones, it is absolutely essential that every portion of the system must fall within a zone in order to assure that there are no areas which are unprotected.
Figure 2 Zones must overlap
Primary and Backup Zones In

spite of the best efforts of system designers and protection specialists, and despite the fact that relays have a historical record of being among the most reliability components of the power system, the unexpected will happen. This has led to the practice of assuring that failure of a single relay can never result in loss of protection. This so-called backup can exist in any of several forms: Remote Backup - in which the relays of one zone have the ability to also detect problems in adjacent zones. Remote backup protection is the most common practice in both industrial and commercial applications, and usually involves time delays to assure selectivity. Local Backup - in which each zone is equipped with a complete set of redundant relays. Often the relays which are designated as backup employ different measuring principles, and in more conservative schemes, may employ totally different signal sources, and even trip different breakers using different battery supplies.
TYPES OF DISTRESS
Overcurrent Overcurrent is the term employed in the National Electrical
Code to mean short-circuit. On a healthy system, the flow of current is a function of the magnitude of elecrical load. A short-circuit is a breakdown in insulation which results in an abnormal flow of current limited only by the impedance of the electrical distribution system. The distress associated with a short-circuit comes about because of the flash and arcing at the fault point, the depression in system voltage associated with the fault, and the thermal stress imposed on the conductors which must carry fault current. Short-circuits are the focus of greatest attention in protection of medium and high voltage systems. The change in state from load current to short-circuit current occurs rapidly. From fundamental physics, it is known that the magnitude of current in an inductor cannot change instantaneously. This conflict can be resolved by considering the short-circuit current to consist of two components, a symmetrical ac current having the higher magnitude of the short-circuit current, and an offsetting dc transient which has an initial magnitude equal to the initial value of the ac current and which decays rapidly. The initial magnitude of the dc transient is directly controlled by the point on the voltage wave at which the short-circuit Asymmetrical fault current with decaying dc component occurs; if the short-circuit occurs at the natural zero crossing of the driving voltage sinusoid, the transient is maximized where as it is a minimum if the fault occurs at the crest of the voltage sinusoid. At any subsequent point in time, the magnitude of the dc transient is determined by the time constant of the decay of the dc which is controlled by the ratio of reactance to resistance in the impedance limiting the fault. For the protection engineer, the worst case initial current is that which includes the full dc transient. The voltage which drives a short-circuit includes sources such as remote generators with voltage regulators that will maintain their value regardless of the presence of a shortcircuit on the system, as well as nearby sources whose voltage will decay when the short-circuit is present. The amount of decay is determined by the nature of the source. Nearby generators and synchronous motors which have active excitation systems will sustain some voltage, but since the short-circuit will cause their terminal voltage to drop, the current they produce will gradually be reduced as the fault is allowed to persist. At the same time, induction motors will initially participate as short-circuit current sources, but their voltages will decay rapidly as the trapped flux is rapidly drained.
Figure 3
illustrates how the various elements of asymmetry combine to create the most realistic case of the decaying symmetrical ac current combined with the decaying dc transient. From this figure, it is possible to describe a generalized short-circuit current in the following terms: High initial magnitude dc transient component of current which decays fairly rapidly with time. High initial magnitude symmetrical ac current which diminishes gradually with time. Symmetrical ac current lags driving voltage by a significant angle, approaching 90.
Symmetrical fault current with ac decrement
Typical total fault current with both ac and dc decrement
Figure 3
Short-circuit currents include components with both ac and dc decrement
Overload Overload is exactly what the term implies - excessive load

demand reflected back into the power distribution system. The undesirable aspect of overload is purely thermal (I2t) heating in conductors and transformers, related thermal abuse to the power utilization equipment which interfaces the load to the electrical system. Overload is a significant aspect of low voltage protection, but is usually not a major consideration at medium and high voltages.
Open Circuit The power distribution system can tolerate open circuits
continuously without harm. Where open circuits are a concern is on rotating machines - motors and generators where they translate into abnormal rotor heating for which these equipments have little tolerance. Hence, open circuit protection is frequently applied on motors and generators, and seldom on the passive portions of the distribution system.
Abnormal Voltage or Frequency Abnormal voltage or frequency usually is a consequence

of some form of overall system distress, and while these symptoms may appear following failure of a power distribution system component, this is usually indicative of some undesirable consequence of that system failure rather than a direct result of the failure itself. Undervoltage can result in overload-like thermal heating, while overvoltage can shorten insulation life and accelerate insulation failure (and short-circuits). Abnormal frequency usually is indicative of an imbalance between load and generation.
DETECTION MODES
Circuit - Current or Impedance Based on the desire to array protection in logical zones, the most common mode of protection is one which can not only detect that an abnormality (such as a short circuit) exists, but which can also determine its location. The parameter which most simply locates faults is current short-circuits result in abnormal flow of current, and a relay system which looks for high current will be able to selectively detect faults. Current is the parameter which is used in the vast majority of all protection schemes, and is used almost exclusively from 35kV down through 120V residential distribution. System - Voltage or Frequency V oltage
measurements can be used to detect that something unusual is happening on the system, but generally voltage will not give any indication of the location of the problem. Hence, measurement of voltage is usually reserved for overall system protection functions. Likewise, frequency is an overall system issue. Closely related to current detection is measurement of apparent impedance. Apparent impedance is the ratio of voltage to current measured at a relay location and is a direct measure of the electrical separation between the relay location and a point on the system where the voltage is depressed to zero by a short-circuit. Impedance measurement is more complicated than current measurement, and hence its use is reserved for more critical applications at the higher voltages, typically above 69 kV.
PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS
Time Overcurrent Time overcurrent protection is the predominant form of
protective relaying in medium voltage industrial and commercial power systems. This form of protection employs relays with inverse time-current characteristics; that is, operating time of these relays becomes less as the current magnitude increases. The basic operating characteristics trace their heritage to the natural operating characteristics of the induction disk overcurrent relay, and as a result static analog and digital relays are designed to emulated this basic characteristic, but there is also a noble rationale for the inverse-time relationship. Relays are intended to detect and initiate tripping of high-magnitude fault currents quickly enough to avoid thermal damage to conductors, and the natural heating characteristic is also an inverse-time relationship. Traditionally, the characteristics of time overcurrent relays has been published in the form of graphical curves showing the dependent variable (operating time) on the vertical axis and the independent variable (operating current) on the horizontal axis. It is also a tradition that these curves are plotted on a special log-log paper. These traditions trace their origin to the manual practices involved in determining settings for relays. There are a number of characteristics in common use, which are shown in Figure 4. Each of these exists to address specific application needs. Following is a list of the most common characteristics together with their usual applications and also the code number which GE uses to identify each curve shape: Inverse medium time (51) - best suited for applications where the variations in the magnitude of fault current are related primarily to switching of sources on the system, such as in paper mill systems with a number of small hydroelectric generators which are switched on and off depending on water conditions. Very inverse medium time (53) - best suited for general applications where the variations in the magnitude of fault current are primarily determined by system impedance and fault location. This relay characteristic is the best choice for most industrial and commercial applications. Inverse medium-long time (57) - best suited for applications as backup ground fault protection on complex low-resistance grounded medium voltage systems. Inverse long time (66) - best suited for overload and locked rotor protection of motors.
Figure 4
Extremely inverse medium time (77) - best suited for application on utility residential distribution circuits where selectivity with distribution fuse cutouts and reclosers is a requirement, and where cold load pickup is a consideration. Inverse short time (95) - best suited for backup ground fault protection applications on solidly grounded low voltage systems where the feeders have instantaneous ground fault protection.
Inverse time characteristics of various GE time overcurrent relay models
The principle of time overcurrent protection is that relays are applied appropriately at the terminals of zones, and each relay is then given both a current pickup and a time delay setting. The current pickup establishes the sensitivity of the relay; a variety of rules dictate what this sensitivity must be. Some of these rules are mandatory and must be followed; the National Electrical Code contains a number of requirements on the current setting of overcurrent relays. Other rules are embodied in application standards, and while these are not absolutely mandatory, they do represent a consensus of the industry from which most engineers would not want to deviate. Finally, there are several rules of thumb, or conventional practices which, through experience, have been recognized as good things to do.
T he
time setting is used to achieve selective backup protection. How this happens is best illustrated with characteristic curves as in Figure 5. For a fault on a feeder, the current magnitude determines the operating time of all relays. Relays which are closest to the fault have time settings which result in faster operation than those which are further away. Therefore, the primary relays which are closest to the fault want to trip first while the more remote backup relays wait, but if the primary relays (or their associated circuit breakers) fail, then the backup relays time out and trip. The time margin between the settings of these relays must take into account three factors:
The operating time of the circuit breakers. Modern medium

voltage breakers are rated for 5 cycle interrupting time,and the time allowance is traditionally 0.1 second.
Overtravel, which is the tendency for a relay to continue

to time after the fault current is interrupted by a downstream circuit breakers. Overtravel is a natural characteristic of the inertia of electromechanical induction disk relays, and while exact values vary widely, the traditional allowance is 0.1 seconds. Most static analog and digital relays are designed to have no practical overtravel. If the backup relay has an overtravel tendency, its time delay must be long enough to account for that overtravel.
Figure 5
Selective coordination of time overcurrent relays assumes that the backup relay will always be slower than the primary relay
Margin to account for imponderables such as the

uncertainties in the magnitude of fault current, inaccuracies in instrument transformers, manufacturing and calibration variations in relays, etc. The amount of margin allowed depends upon how much risk the relay engineer is willing to assume; typical values range from 0.1 to 0.3 seconds. The total coordinating time margin is the sum of these three factors and ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 seconds; a 0.3 second margin is often taken as a reasonable compromise between the objectives of speed and security. The chore of determining settings for an array of time overcurrent relays is time consuming work which entails making a number of engineering judgments. One must start closest to the load and work toward the sources in the system, determining both pickup current and time delays settings for each relay in succession. It is not unusual to find that this process results in excessively long relay operating times for faults near the source, so it is then necessary to work back through the system making other judgments and introducing compromises. It has been correctly said that this task is the most difficult and exacting work within the province of the relay engineer. The traditional approach entailed tracing relay performance curves, but the availability of computer tools eliminate some of this drudgery. However, even with this automation, one must still be prepared to focus carefully on the task at hand and be prepared to deal with exacting details.
Voltage Voltage protection tends to be applied to detect various

forms of overall system distress. The actual detection functions can be either undervoltage (which operate in response to an undesirable reduction in voltage) or overvoltage (which respond to high voltage). One of the application challenges in working with undervoltage or overvoltage relays is that normal system voltage encompasses a range of magnitudes around the nominal rated value. Furthermore, there are normal system conditions which produce momentary excursions outside this band of values. As a result, the relays used to provide this function may be either instantaneous or time-delayed, and in the case of time, the delay function may be either inverse time or definite time. The use of inverse time delay is probably more of a tradition traceable to the historical use of the induction disk technology than it is something which is required by the application. The one situation where an inverse time delay is desirable is when a time-delayed undervoltage relay on a bus must be selective with an inverse time overcurrent relay on a feeder in response to system faults. Note that while this application is possible, it is not easy to actually do.
Directionality Many simple applications can be satisfied by relays which

measure only magnitude (of current) and time duration. However, to achieve fast, secure, selective operation in "network" systems which involve parallel paths between sources and loads, or systems with multiple sources of fault current, the relays will also be required to determine the direction of current flow. The basic principle used in determining directionality is that, in a power system operating at unity power factor, phase current and phase-to-neutral voltage are in phase, and that phase current leads the phase-to-phase voltage between the other two conductors by 90 Figure 6. Fault current in that conductor lags its phase-to-neutral voltage by the angle of system impedance, . Therefore, the phase angle of fault current in Phase A will always lead the angle of the B-C voltage by an angle which can never exceed 90. However, if the direction of the current in Phase A reverses, then its' angle will lag the B-C voltage by up to 90. shows a relay characteristic which utilizes this concept to determine directionality of fault current.
Figure 7
Normal current leads voltage by 90
Figure 6
Basic system phasor relationships
A directional relay on Phase A uses the B-C voltage as its polarizing reference, and together they establish a directional phasor which leads the B-C reference voltage by an angle which is fixed in the design of the relay. Operation can occur if the current angle falls within 90 of the angle of the directional phasor. In most instances, directionality is a function which is added to other relay characteristics. That is, overcurrent relays are made directional by incorporating a directionality function to the design of the relay such that an overcurrent measurement can only be made if the directionality is satisfactory. With induction relays, one induction unit is required for the overcurrent measurement, while a separate unit is used to determine the direction of the current. Digital relays are less complex; the directional function may be a few more lines of code.
Directional phasor
I s V

Non-operating region
Figure 7
Operating region
Directional relay directionality
Distance The most complex relays in common application are called

distance relays because they measure the apparent impedance between the relay and the short-circuit. The apparent impedance is measured by computing the ratio between voltage and current at the relay. These relays, which are almost alway directional, are typically employed on transmission lines where impedance is both predictable and constant. In these applications, impedance is directly proportional to physical distance. In fact, modern digital distance relays have the ability to actually report this distance as an aid to locating the point of fault. They are also commonly used for generator protection, and in special applications on motors. Distance relay applications are very different from overcurrent applications; selectivity is achieved by means of sensitivity (distance setting) and time delay, but the timing functions are almost always definite time rather than inverse time. A more dramatic difference is that distance relay application technology has its own "language", the R-X diagram as shown in Figure 8. The R-X diagram is a set of coordinates of impedance where the origin is at the relay location and impedances in the first quadrant are in the designated tripping direction of the impedance-measuring relays. Impedances in the third quadrant represent short-circuits in the non-tripping direction, while second and fourth quadrant impedances are dynamic characteristics which are beyond the depth of this text.
Figure 8
Distance relay characteristic shown on an R-X diagram
Differential While overcurrent, voltage, distance and directionality are

powerful techniques, all of them involve some compromise between the objectives of reliability, security, speed, selectivity and economy. Differential protection is different. It is profoundly simple, inherently secure, highly reliable, fast, and reasonably economical. As a result, differential protection is the most important concept in protection. The concept is a direct extension of Kirchoff's current law the sum of all currents into a region must be zero. Current transformers are placed at each electrical terminal of the protected zone and wired together as indicated in Figure 9. For external faults, where fault current passes through the zone, current circulates in the current transformer secondaries without passing through the relay. If the fault is internal to the zone, then the currents introduced into the current transformer secondaries oppose each other and are forced to flow through the relay. The basics of a differential application include: CT at each power connection to the protected zone All ct's have the same rating Careful attention to assure proper ct connections Differential protection is primary protection: it cannot provide backup protection for remote zones
Figure 9
Basic operation of differential relays
PROTECTION PACKAGES
The following protection packages are organized according to the types of equipment generally encountered in medium voltage systems. Generators, Motors, Feeders, Transformers, Buses, and Incoming Lines will be addressed. Packages are based on commonly used power system configurations. Other considerations may be needed if unique power system arrangements are used.
GEN G E N E R A T O R
Protective Zone (GEN1)
Minimum protection for a small machine with low resistance grounding:
BUS
Device list for GEN 1
CONTROL PACKAGE
3*
GEN
64B 50GS
27 32 40 46 49R 50GS
46
51V 2 (or 3)
32
40
87G

49R
86G
27
81L/H
59
Undervoltage Power Direction Loss of Excitation Current Unbalance Overload (RTD) Instantaneous Overcurrent Ground 51GN Time Overcurrent Ground 51V Time Overcurrent (V Restraint) 59 Overvoltage 64B Bus Ground Detection 81L/H Frequency 86G Lockout Auxiliary 87G Differential
3 RTD 51GN LOW RES
* Locate these Ct's on neutral side

of generator if no external fault source.
Qty.
Device No.
Description Basic Package
GE Model No.
3 1
51V 51GN
Voltage-restrained Time Overcurrent Relay Neutral Ground Overcurrent Relay
IFCV51AD DIFC or IFC53A
Options
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 27 32 40 46 49R 50GS 51VC 59 64B Undervoltage Relay Reverse Power Relay (detects losses over 5%) or Reverse Power Relay (detects losses below 5%) Loss-of-excitation Relay Negative Sequence Relay Stator Overtemperature Relay (RTD input) Ground Sensor Overcurrent Relay (in place of 51GN where system ground is not generator neutral) Voltage-controlled Overcurrent Relay (in place of 51V) Overvoltage Relay Generator Ground Overvoltage Relay (in place of 51GN where generator is ungrounded) Under/Overfrequency Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay Self-balancing Current Differential Relay (for connections see MTR1A figure) or Percentage Current Differential Relay TOV5 or IAV54 ICW51A or GGP53C CEH51A SGC21C IRT51E DIFC or HFC21 IFCS51AD TOV5 or IFV71AD TOV5 or IFV51DD SFF202B HEA61 MDP or CFD22A
1 1 1
81 L/H 86G 87G
10
GEN

1
GENERATO R
Protective Zone (GEN1A)

Alternate protection for a small machine with low resistance grounding:
BUS 3
Device list for GEN 1A

27 32 40 46 49R 50GS 51GN 51VC 59 81L/H 86G 87G Undervoltage Power Direction Loss of Excitation Current Unbalance Overload (RTD) Instantaneous Overcurrent Ground Time Overcurrent (Ground) Time Overcurrent (V Control) Overvoltage Frequency Lockout Auxiliary Differential
CONTROL PACKAGE
3*
50GS
40
46/49C
51
51VC
32
2 (or 3) 87G
51GN
27
81L/H
GEN 86G 3 1 LOW RES
49R RTD
59
* Locate these Ct's on neutral side

of generator if no external fault source.
Qty.
Device No.
Description Alternate Package
GE Model No.
46 49C 51 51GN 51VC
Multifunction analog relay system containing the following modules: Multifunction Module with functions: Negative Sequence Thermal Image Definite Time Overcurrent Neutral Ground Overcurrent Voltage-controlled Overcurrent Modules
MID100 MGC
MIC7/TOV4
Options
1 1 1 27 32 81L/H Undervoltage Module (into MID100 system) Reverse Power Module (into MID100 system) Under/Overfrequency Module (into MID100 system) TOV5 TCW MFF
(For additional options, see GEN1 package)
11
Recommended protection for a small machine with low/high resistance grounding:
BUS 52 2 (or 3) 27 47 32 59 40Q RTD PROBE RTD 38 50/27 GEN 12 49 81U 51V 24 60FL 46 49 6 Output relays Output relays
s

12 24 27 50/27 32 38 39 40Q 46 47 49 Overspeed Overexcitation, Volts/Hz Undervoltage Inadvertent generator energization Reverse power for anti-motoring Bearing overtemperature Bearing vibration (analog inputs) Loss of field Negative Sequence Overcurrent(I22t) Voltage phase reversal Stator thermal (RTD and thermal model) 50BF Breaker failure detection 50S Instantaneous overcurrent (during startup) 50/51GN Instantaneous or definite time overcurrent 51V Voltage restrained phase overcurrent 59 Overvoltage 59GN/ 100% stator ground 27TN 60FL VT fuse failure detection 81 Over and underfrequency 87G Phase differential 86G Lockout Auxiliary
81O
Qty.
1
Device No.
12 24 27 50/27 32 38 39 40Q 46 47 49 50BF 50S 50/51GN 51V 59 59GN/27TN 60FL 81 87G
86G
1
3
50BF 50S 87G
86G
50/51GN
59GN 27TN

Multifunction microprocessor-based protection including the following functions: Overspeed Overexcitation, Volts/Hz Undervoltage Inadvertent generator energization Reverse power for anti-motoring Bearing overtemperature Bearing vibration (analog inputs) Loss of field Negative Sequence Overcurrent (I22t) Voltage phase reversal Stator thermal (RTD and thermal model) Breaker failure detection Instantaneous overcurrent (during startup) Instantaneous or definite time overcurrent Voltage restrained phase overcurrent Overvoltage 100% stator ground VT fuse failure detection Over and underfrequency Phase differential Sequential tripping logic Trip coil supervision
GE Model No.
SR489
Options
Lockout Relay HEA61
(For additional options, see GEN1 package)
12
Minimum protection for a large machine with high resistance grounding:
21GX

21G 21GX 24 27 27TN 32 40 46 49R 51GN 51V 59 60V 64F 64G 78 81L/H 86G 87G ** Distance Aux to 21G Overexcitation Undervoltage Undervoltage (Third Harmonic) Power Direction Loss of Excitation Current Unbalance Overload (RTD) Time Overcurrent (Ground) Time Overcurrent (V Restraint) Overvoltage Voltage Balance Ground (field) Ground (stator) Out-of-step Frequency Lockout Auxiliary Differential
3**

52
BUS
81L/H
60V

3 (or 2)
27 21G 78 24
40
32
51V 60V2 59 TO VOLT REG

s
1 41 64F
3 (or 2)
FIELD
46
GEN 3**
87G 49R RTD 51GN
86G
RES
64G1
27TN
If no external fault source exists, exchange connections of protection from line side CT's to neutral side CT's and vice versa.
Qty.
1
Device No.

Multifunction microprocessor-based relay system including the following functions: Timing auxiliary to 21G Overexcitation Undervoltage Third Harmonic Undervoltage Reverse Power (1 step) Loss-of-excitation Current Unbalance (negative sequence) Ground Overcurrent (backup to 64G) Voltage-restrained overcurrent Overvoltage VT Fuse Failure Detection Stator Ground (95%) Under/Overfrequency (2 setpoints each) Percentage current differential Accidental energization protection Trip circuit monitoring Personal computer communications interface, event time tagging, fault data capture Oscillography capture, time standard I/F Lockout Auxiliary Relay
GE Model No.
DGP--BA 0005
21GX 24 27 27TN 32 40 46 51GN 51V 59 60V 64G 81L/H 87G
1 1 1 1 1 1
86G 21G 49R 60V2 64F 78
HEA61 SLY92/SLY82 IRT51E CFVB11 PJG12 OST1000
Options
System Backup Distance Relay (in place of 51V) Stator Overtemperature Relay (RTD) Voltage Balance Relay Field Ground Relay Out-of-step Relay (For additional options see GEN1 Options) 13
Recommended protection for a more important large machine with high resistance grounding:
21GX

21G 21GX 24 27 27TN 32 40 46 49R 51GN 51V 59 60V 64F 64G 78 81L/H 86G 87G **
64G2 27TN
3**

52
BUS
81L/H
60V

3 (or 2)
59 21G 78 24
40
32
51V 60V2 27 TO VOLT REG 46
1 41 64F
3 (or 2)
FIELD
GEN 3**
87G 49R RTD 51GN
86G
Distance Aux to 21G Overexcitation Undervoltage Undervoltage (Third Harmonic) Power Direction Loss of Excitation Current Unbalance Overload (RTD) Time Overcurrent (Ground) Time Overcurrent (V Restraint) Overvoltage Voltage Balance Ground (field) Ground (stator) Out-of-step Frequency Lockout Auxiliary Differential
RES
64G1
If no external fault source exists, exchange connections of protection from line side CT's to neutral side CT's and vice versa.
Qty.
1
Device No.

Multifunction microprocessor-based protection relay including the following functions: Overexcitation Undervoltage Relay Third Harmonic Undervoltage Timing Auxiliary to External 21G Reverse Power (2 steps) Loss-of-excitation Current Unbalance (negative sequence) Ground Overcurrent Relay Voltage-restrained overcurrent Overvoltage VT Fuse Failure Detection Stator Ground (100%) (Requires (3) main vts connected wye) Under/Overfrequency (4/2 setpoints) Percentage current differential Accidental energization protection Trip circuit monitoring Personal computer communications interface, event time tagging, fault data capture Oscillography capture, printer I/F, time standard I/F Lockout Auxiliary Relay
GE Model No.
DGP--CA
24 27 27TN 21GX 32 40 46 51GN 51V 59 60V 64G 81L/H 87G
86G
HEA61
(For options see GEN1 and GEN3 Options)
14
MTR M O T O R
Protective Zone (MTR1)
Minimum protection for a small induction motor (below 1500HP):
BUS
Device list for MTR1

27 47 Time Undervoltage Undervoltage and reverse phase sequence 48 Incomplete sequence timer 49/50 Thermal overcurrent 49R Winding overtemperature (RTD) 49S/50 Time and instantaneous overcurrent (locked rotor) 50GS Instantaneous overcurrent ground 50/51 Time and instantaneous overcurrent 60V Voltage unbalance 62 Timer
48
CONTROL PACKAGE
62
60V

27 47 3

49R M
50/51
49/50
49S/50
50GS
RTD or Thermistor
Qty.
1 1 1 3 1 1 1
Device No.
27 50/51/50GS 27 50/51 50GS 27 46 49 49R 50GS 66
Description Basic Package (Multiphase Overcurrent)

Undervoltage Relay Overload, Short Circuit and Ground Fault Relay
GE Model No.
IAV54E or TOV5 MDP0 or 735 IAV54E or TOV5 IFC66B or DIFC HFC21 or DIFC IAV54E or TOV5 P4A
First Alternate Package (Single Phase Overcurrent)

Undervoltage Relay Overload and Short Circuit Relay Ground Fault Relay
Second Alternate Package (Multiphase Overload)

Undervoltage Relay Microprocessor-based Motor Relay including the following functions: Unbalance or Current-Reversal Overload Winding Overtemperature Ground Fault Successive Starts Protection
Options
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 38 47 48 49R 49S/50 60V 62 Bearing Overtemperature Relay (RTD) Three-phase Undervoltage and Reverse Phase Sequence Relay (in place of 27) (Requires open-delta or wye-wye voltage transformers) Adjustable Time Delay Relay or Timer Winding Overtemperature Relay Stalled Rotor Relay Voltage Unbalance Relay (use with 62 and may require harmonic filter) Timing Auxiliary Relay IRT51E ICR
IRT51E IFC66K NBV11 SAM201
15
MTR M O T O R
Protective Zone (MTR1A)
Recommended protection for a more important small inductions motor (below 1500 HP):
BUS
Device list for MTR1A

27 37 38 46 47 Undervoltage Undercurrent Bearing Overtemperature (RTD) Unbalance or current-reversal Three phase undervoltage and reverse phase sequence 48 Adjustable definite time device or timer 49 Overload 49R Winding Overtemperature (Thermistor or RTD) 49S Locked rotor 50 Short circuit 50GS Ground fault 60V Voltage unbalance 62 Timer 66 Successive starts 87M Differential 86,86M Lockout Auxiliary
48
CONTROL PACKAGE

47 27 62
s
60V
49/ 49S/50
37
46
66
50GS
49R
86
38
TRIP
86M
87M
Qty.
1
Device No.
37 38 46 49 49R 49S 50 50GS 66 86 27
1 1
86M 87M
(3) RTD (option) or Thermistor

Microprocessor-based Motor Relay including the following functions: Undercurrent Bearing Overtemperature (239 only) Unbalance or Current-Reversal Overload Winding Overtemperature (Thermistor or RTD) (239 only) Locked Rotor Short Circuit Ground Fault Successive Starts Lockout Relay (239 only) Undervoltage Relay
GE Model No.
239 or MMC
TOV5
Options
Lockout Auxiliary Relay HEA61 Self-balance Differential Relay HFC23 (Add if required and if possible to mount three 50/5A current transformers at the motor.) or Percentage Differential Relay CFD22A or DTP1 (Add if required. See MTR2 figure for one-line representation) (For additional options see MTR1)
16
MTR M O T O R
Minimum protection for a large induction motor (1500 HP and above):
BUS

27/59 37 38 46 47
37 46
CONTROL PACKAGE 48/66
1
3 87M M
86M
Qty.
1
Device No.
1 1
27 37 38 46 47 48 49R 49S 49/51 50GS/51GS 51R 59 66 86 87M 86M
27/59
47
49/49S 50GS/ 51GS
50/51
38 49R (10) RTD 86
TRIP
Under and overvoltage Undercurrent Bearing Overtemperature (RTD) Current unbalance Undervoltage/reverse phase sequence 48 Incomplete sequence 49 Overload 49R Winding overtemperature (RTD) 49S Locked rotor protection 50/51 Instantaneous & time overcurrent 50GS/ Instantaneous & time overcurrent 51GS ground sensor 66 Successive starts 86,86M Lockout Auxiliary 87M Differential

Digital Motor Relay including the following functions: Undervoltage (Meter Option) Undercurrent Bearing Overtemperature (RTD) Current Unbalance Voltage Phase Loss/Sequence (Meter Option) Incomplete Sequence Winding Overtemperature Locked Rotor Overload Ground Fault Jam (Running) Overvoltage (Meter Option) Successive Starts Lockout Relay Differential Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay
Options
(See options for MTR1 and MTR1A)

17
GE Model No.
269 Plus
CFD22A or DTP1 HEA61
MTR M O T O R
Protective Zone (MTR2A)
Recommended protection for a more important large induction motor (1500 HP and above):
BUS
Device list for MTR2A

27/59 37 46 47 Under and overvoltage Undercurrent Current unbalance Undervoltage/reverse phase sequence 48 Incomplete sequence 49 Overload 49R Winding overtemperature (RTD) 49S Locked rotor 50/51 Instantaneous and time overcurrent 50GS/ Instantaneous and time overcurrent 51GS ground sensor 66 Successive starts 81L/H Frequency 86M Lockout Auxiliary 87M Differential
CONTROL PACKAGE 48/66

27/59 47
1
3 87M Motor
86M
Qty.
1
Device No.
27 37 38 46 47 48 49R 49S(26) 49/51 50 50GS/51GS 51R 59 66 81L/H 87M 86M
87M
81L/H
49/49S 50GS/ 51GS
50/51
37
46 38
49R 10 RTD
26

Digital Motor Relay including the following functions: Undervoltage Undercurrent Bearing Overtemperature (RTD) Current Unbalance Voltage Phase Loss/Sequence Incomplete Sequence Winding Overtemperature Locked Rotor Overload Short Circuit Ground Fault Jam (Running) Overvoltage Successive Starts Under-and Overfrequency Self-Balance Differential (for connections see MTR1A figure) Lock-out Auxiliary Relay
GE Model No.
469
HEA61
Options
Differential Relay CFD22A or DTP1
(See options for MTR1, and MTR1A)
18
MTR M O T O R
Recommended protection for a synchronous motor in addition to that provided in preceding zones MTR1 through MTR2A:
BUS
48
CONTROL PACKAGE
26F 27DC 37 48 50 55 95
Winding Overtemperature Undervoltage Undercurrent Incomplete sequence Instantaneous overcurrent Power factor Reluctance Torque Sync/Re-Sync
50
55
27DC Vdc
95
MOTOR
Idc
26F
37

FIELD
Qty.
1
Device No.

Microprocessor-based Synchronous Motor Relay including the following functions: Ammortisseur Winding Overtemperature (Include if field is accessible) Undervoltage Relay Undercurrent Short Circuit Out of Step Protection/Power Factor Reluctance Torque Synchronizing and Re-Synchronizing Autoloading/Unloading Relay
GE Model No.
SPM
26F 27DC 37 50 55 95 96
19
FDR F E E D E R
Protective Zone (FDR1)
Standard Non-directional circuit, residually connected ground relay:
BUS
Device list for FDR1

52
50/51
50/51 51N
51N 50N
Phase overcurrent and short circuit Time delay ground fault Instantaneous ground fault
50N LOAD
Qty.
1
Device No.
50/51/ 51N or 50N

Phase Overcurrent, Short Circuit and Ground Fault Relay
GE Model No.
MDP or SR735
Alternate Package (Single Phase Units)

3 1 50/51 51N or 50N Phase Overcurrent & Short Circuit Relay Time Delay Ground Fault Relay Instantaneous Ground Fault Relay DIFC or IFC53B DIFC or IFC53A DIFC or HFC21
Second Alternate Package

1 27 46 47 51 51N 59 74LM 79 81L/H Multifunction microprocessor-based relay system including the following functions: Undervoltage Negative Sequence Overcurrent (DFP100 & 200 only) Negative Sequence Voltage (SR750 only) Phase Overcurrent Residual Overcurrent Overvoltage High Impedance Ground (DFP200 only) Recloser Frequency DFP100 or DFP200 or SR750
Options
1 79 Recloser Relay SLR12
20
FDR F E E D E R
Standard Non-directional circuit, with ground sensor relay:
BUS
52 3

50/51
50/51 50GS 51GS
50GS 51GS
Phase overcurrent and short circuit Instantaneous ground fault Time delay ground fault
LOAD
Qty.
1
Device No.
50/51/ 51GS or 50GS

Phase Overcurrent, Short Circuit and Ground Fault Relay
GE Model No.
MDP / SR735

3 1 50/51 51GS or 50GS Phase Overcurrent & Short Circuit Relay Time Delay Ground Fault Relay Instantaneous Ground Fault Relay IFC53B / DIFCA IFC53A / DIFCA HFC21

1 27 46 47 51 51N 59 74LM 79 81L/H Multifunction microprocessor-based relay system including the following functions: Undervoltage Negative Sequence Overcurrent (DFP100 & 200 only) Negative Sequence Voltage (SR750 only) Phase Overcurrent Residual Overcurrent Overvoltage High Impedance Ground (DFP200 only) Recloser Frequency DFP100 or DFP200 or SR750
Options
21
FDR F E E D E R
Standard Directional circuit:
BUS

52
67
67 67N
TRIP DIRECTION
67N
Directional overcurrent and short circuit Directional time delay and instantaneous ground fault
LINE/LOAD
Qty.
1
Device No.
67/67N

Directional Phase and Ground Fault Relay (Optional recloser 79 function is included).
GE Model No.
DFP100 or SR750 / SR760

3 1 67 67N Directional Overcurrent Relay Directional Ground Fault Relay IBC53 or JBC53 IBCG53 or JBCG53
Options
22
FDR F E E D E R
Long lines and critical short length lines:

52
87L
s

86L
87L 86L
PILOT WIRE
Pilot wire line Lockout auxiliary
LINE BKR 52
86L
s
87L
Qty.
2 2
Device No.
87L 86L

Pilot Wire Line Differential Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay
GE Model No.
SPD11 HEA61
Options
1 1 85LM 85LM Pilot Wire Monitor Relay (sending end) Pilot Wire Monitor Relay (receiving end) SPA11 SPA12
Alternate Package
2 2 87L 86L Current Differential Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay DLS3 HEA61
23
TR T R A N S F O R M E R
Protective Zone (TR1)
Protection for transformers 2500KVA and below, medium and low voltage windings:
52 3
Device list for TR1

50/51
50/51 50GS
Overcurrent & short circuit Ground fault
50GS
L.V. 52
Qty.
1
Device No.
50/51/50GS

Overcurrent, Short Circuit and Ground Fault Relay MDP or SR735
M.V.
GE Model No.

3 1 50/51 50GS Overcurrent and Short Circuit Relay Ground Fault Relay DIFC or IFC53B DIFC or HFC21

1 27 46 47 51 51N 59 74LM 81L/H Multifunction microprocessor-based relay system including the following functions: Undervoltage Negative Sequence Overcurrent (DFP100 & 200 only) Negative Sequence Voltage (SR750 only) Phase Overcurrent Residual Overcurrent Overvoltage High Impedance Ground (DFP200 only) Frequency DFP100 or DFP200 or SR750
24
Protective Zone (TR2)
Protection for transformers 750kVa and above, medium voltage windings:
3
87T
s
3 1 86T M.V.
M.V.
Qty.
Device No.
1 X 1
87T 63X 86T 50/51/50GS*
Differential Relay Fault Pressure Auxiliary Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay (quantity as required) Overcurrent, Short Circuit and Ground Fault Relay

3 X 3 1 1 87T 86T 50/51 50GS 63X Differential Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay (quantity as required) Overcurrent and Short Circuit Relay Ground Fault Relay Fault Pressure Auxiliary Relay STD15C or BDD15B HEA61 IFC53B HFC21 HAA16B
*Note: The SR745 relay includes these functions.

52 52
Device list for TR2

87T 86T 50/51 50GS 63 63X Differential Lockout auxiliary Overcurrent & short circuit Ground fault Integral fault pressure Fault pressure auxiliary
50/51
50GS
*
63 63X
*INTEGRAL TO TRANSFORMER
GE Model No.
DTP or SR745 HEA61 MDP
25
Additional Transformer Ground Protection
52
Device list for Additional Transformer Ground Protection

51G 87N
1
Time overcurrent Ground differential
52
Qty.
1 1
Device No.
51G 87N

51G
1 Aux. CT

87N
(other devices)
Description Alternate Package (Single Phase Units)

Time Overcurrent Relay Ground Differential Relay
GE Model No.
DIFC or IFC53A IFD51D
*Note: The SR745 digital transformer relay includes 87N.
26
BUS B U S
Protective Zone (BUS1)
Single source, radial configuration:
SOURCE 3
Device list for BUS1

51 51N

52
51 51N
Phase overcurrent Ground fault
BUS
52
FEEDER (FDR) RELAY PACKAGE
52
Qty.
1
Device No.
51/51N

Phase Overcurrent and Ground Fault Relay
GE Model No.
MDP or SR735

3 1 51 51N Phase Overcurrent Relay Ground Fault Relay DIFC or IFC53A DIFC or IFC53A

Options
1 64 Ground Fault Relay (ungrounded systems) TCCV
27
BUS B U S
Multiple sources with bus tie breaker:
SOURCE 3 SOURCE
51
51
52 51N 51N
52
52
3 52 FEEDER (FDR) RELAY PACKAGE
52
Qty.
1
Device No.
51/51N


3 1 51 51N Phase Overcurrent Relay Ground Fault Relay DIFC or IFC53A DIFC or IFC53A

Options
1 64 Ground Fault Relay (ungrounded systems) TCCV

51 51N Phase overcurrent Ground fault
BUS
GE Model No.
MDP or SR735
28
BUS B U S
Single or multiple sources, with or without bus tie breakers:
3

52

52

87B
87B
Differential
BUS 52 3
Qty.
3
Device No.
87B

Differential Relay
GE Model No.
PVD21 or SBD11
29
BUS B U S
Multiple sources, bus tie breakers, multi-ratio CT's:
3

52 3 3

52

87B
87B
Differential
BUS

52
52
52 3
Qty.
1
Device No.
87B

Differential Relay
GE Model No.
BUS1000
30
I L INCOMING LINE
Protective Zone (IL1)
Single source incoming line (no internal generation):
TO UTILITY SOURCE
Device list for IL1

27 51 51N 59 81L/H Undervoltage Phase overcurrent Residual overcurrent Overvoltage Frequency
s
3
TO 87B 51N 51
27 52
59
81L/H
PLANT MAIN BUS
Qty.
1
Device No.
51/51N


GE Model No.
MDP
First Alternate Package

1 51/51N 74LM Phase and Ground Overcurrent Relay with High Impedance Ground Fault Detection (Power Quality Option) DFM3

Options (Single Phase Units)

4 1 1 1 1 51, 51N 27 59 81L/H 87B Phase/Ground Overcurrent Relays Undervoltage Relay Overvoltage Relay Over and underfrequency Relay (add if upstream auto-reclosing is a concern) Differential Relay (See Bus Protective Zone for Details) DIFC or IFC53A TOV or NGV TOV or NGV SFF202B or MFF1
31
I L INCOMING LINE
Single source incoming line via utility transformer (no internal generation):
TO UTILITY SOURCE TRANSFORMER s TO TRANSFORMER 3 s NEUTRAL CT
Device list for IL2

51 51G-1 51G-2 60V 62 Phase overcurrent Ground overcurrent Ground overcurrent Voltage unbalance Timer
TO 87B
51G1 3
51G2
51
60V 52 3
62
PLANT MAIN BUS

TO 87T
2 (or 3)
Qty.
1 1
Device No.
51/51G 51/51G/ 74LM

Phase Overcurrent and Ground Fault (Bus) Relay
GE Model No.
MDP DFM3
First Alternate Package

Phase and Ground Overcurrent Relay with High Impedance Ground Fault Detection (Power Quality Option)

1 27 46 47 51 51N 59 74LM 81L/H 4 1 1 1 1 51, 51N 60V 62 51G2 87B and 87T Multifunction microprocessor-based relay system including the following functions: Undervoltage Negative Sequence Overcurrent (DFP 100 & 200 only) Negative Sequence Voltage (SR750 only) Phase Overcurrent Residual Overcurrent Overvoltage High Impedance Ground (DFP200 only) Frequency DFP100 or DFP200 or SR750
Options (Single Phase Units)

Phase/Ground Overcurrent Relays Voltage Unbalance Relay (add if high side fusing could result in single phase of motors) Timing Auxiliary Relay Ground Fault (transformer secondary) Relay (add for two step trouble-shooting for transformer/bus grounds) Differential Relay (See Bus and Transformer Protective Zones for Details) (For additional options see IL1) DIFC or IFC53A NBV11 SAM201 or IAV51M DIFC or IFC53A
32
I L INCOMING LINE
Single source incoming line with internal generation:
TO UTILITY SOURCE
Device list for IL3

51 51N 67 67N 85LM/TT 86L 87L Phase overcurrent Residual overcurrent Directional phase overcurrent Directional ground overcurrent Communication monitor Lockout auxiliary Differential
s
3

52
TO 87B
51 51N
67 67N
AUX PT
s
87L
86L
PLANT MAIN BUS
85 LM/TT
Qty.
1 1 1 1
Device No.
87L 86L 67/67N 51/51N

Pilot Wire Line Differential Relay Lockout Auxiliary Relay Directional Phase and Ground Overcurrent Relay Phase Overcurrent and Ground Fault Relay
PILOT WIRES TO UTILITY
Alternates
1 3 1 4 87L/85LM/ 85TT 67 67N 51, 51N Line Differential & Channel Monitor & Transfer Trip Auxiliary Relay Directional Phase Overcurrent Relay (Single Phase Units) Directional Ground Overcurrent Relay (Single Phase Units) Phase/Ground Overcurrent Relays (Single Phase Units) DLS3* IBC53 or JBC53 IBCG53 or JBCG53 DIFC or IFC53A
Options
1 1 1 85LM 85LM/TT 87B Pilot Wire Monitor [different device at send and receive ends] Relay Pilot Wire Monitor and Transfer Trip Auxiliary Relay [different device at send and receive ends] Differential Relay (See Bus Protective Zones for Details) (For additional alternates and options see IL1 and IL2) SPA11A or 12A* SPA11B or 12B*
Notes:
*Must be selected in accordance with companion relay at opposite end of the line. Pilot wire protective auxiliaries may be required.
2 (or 3)

33
GE Model No.
SPD11* HEA61 MOR3 MDP
I L INCOMING LINE
Dual source incoming line (dual line with internal generation & via utility transformer):
sTO L-N VT ON XFMR 'T1' s TO UTILITY SOURCE
3 HIGH SIDE

52
(XFMR T1)
Device list for IL4

s
TO CTs ON XFMR 'T1' HIGH SIDE
TO 87B1
s
50L 51B 51BN
27L
59L
27L 32 47
MAIN 1
51G
67N
67
32
62 TO MAIN BKR 2 s
52 TIE
Qty.
1 1 1
Device No.
67/67N 51B/51BN 51G

Directional Phase and Ground Overcurrent Relay Phase Overcurrent (Partial Differential) and Ground Fault Relay Ground Overcurrent (for transformer lowside) Relay
PLANT MAIN BUS
2 (or 3)
3 TRIP DIRECTION FOR 67, 67N, 32
Undervoltage Power direction Phase undervoltage and reverse phase sequence 50L Instantaneous overcurrent 51B Phase time overcurrent 51BN Residual time overcurrent 51G Ground overcurrent 59B Overvoltage 59L Overvoltage 62 Timer 67 Directional phase overcurrent 67N Directional ground overcurrent 81L/H Frequency
TO 87T1
47
59B
81L/H
87B1s

Options
GE Model No.
MOR3 MDP DIFC
1 1
27L 59L
1 1
32 62
1 1 1 1 1
47 59B 81L/H 50L 87B and 87T
Line Undervoltage (transformer highside) Relay Line Overvoltage (transformer highside) Relay (Add 27L & 59L as a means of detecting Delta-Wye transformer highside ground fault after utility separation.) Power Directional Relay (detects transf. magnetizing current) Auxiliary Timing Relay (add 32 & 62 in lieu of 27L and 59L as alternate means of detecting system ground faults) Phase Undervoltage and Reverse Phase Sequence Relay (add if required for motor bus monitoring or intertie) Bus Overvoltage Relay (add if required for intertie) Over and Underfrequency Relay (add for intertie or load shedding requirements) Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay (add if highside disconnect is not rated for fault interruption) Differential Relay (See Bus and Transformer Protective Zones for Details) (For additional alternates and options see IL1 and IL2)
TOV5 or NGV TOV5 or NGV
CCP13E SAM201
ICR53A TOV5 or NGV SFF202B or MFF1 PJC11AV or CHC11A
34
RELAY INDEX
MODEL
239 269 PLUS 469 489 735/737 745 750/760 ALPS BDD BUS1000 CAP CCP CEB CEH CEX57 CEY CEY-IAC CEYG CFD CFV CFVB CHC CJCG CLPG DAR DBF DBT DDS DFF DFM DFP100 DFP200 DGP DIAC DIFC DLP DLS DSFC DTP GCX GCY GGP GSY GXS HAA HEA HFA HFC HGA HGA18 HMA HSA IAC IAV IBC IBCG ICR ICW IFC IFCS IFCV
DESCRIPTION
Small HP MV motor management relay Medium HP MV motor management relay Large HP MV motor management relay with metering Small/medium size generator relay 3 phase + ground feeder relay Transformer management relay Multifunction feeder relay High speed distance relay Transformer differential, harmonic restraint Bus protection relay Power directional Power directional Phase offset MHO distance Loss of excitation Angle impedance Phase MHO distance Phase distance overcurrent Ground MHO distance Machine differential Instantaneous overvoltage Voltage balance Instantaneous overcurrent Ground directional overcurrent Carrier ground Reclosing Breaker failure relay Breaker coil/tripping circuit supervision relay Digital distribution system Frequency relay Feeder monitor + hi impedance ground Multifunction feeder relay with reclose Multifunction feeder + hi impedance ground Generator protection Time overcurrent relay Time overcurrent relay Distance relay Current differential line protection Time overcurrent relay Transformer protection relay Phase reactance distance Phase MHO distance Sensitive power directional Generator out-of-step Auto sync/sync check Annunciator auxiliary Auxiliary lockout Multicontact auxiliary Instantaneous overcurrent Contact auxiliary Reclosing Contact auxiliary Auxiliary lockout Time overcurrent Time over/under voltage Phase directional overcurrent Ground directional overcurrent Undervoltage and phase sequence Time over/underpower Time overcurrent Time overcurrent with voltage control Time overcurrent with voltage restraint
DEVICE NO.
49/50/51(+) 87(+) 87(+) 87(+) 50/51 87(+) 50/51(+) 21(+) 87 87 32 32 21, 68 40 78 21 21/50/51 21N 87 59 60 50 67 67 79 50BF 74 50/51(+) 81 51/51G/74 50/51(+) 50/51/74(+) 87(+) 51, 50/51 51, 50/51 21(+) 87(+) 51, 50/51 87 21 21 32 78 25 30, 74 86 86, 94 50 27, 74, 94 79 27, 74, 94 86 51, 50/51 27, 59, 64 67 67N 47 32, 37 51, 50/51 51 51V
MODEL
IFD IFV IJC IJD IJF IJS IRT JBC JBCG JBCV LPS MCP MDP MFF MGC MIC MLJ MLP MMC MOR MRC MRS NAA NBT NBV NGA NGV NLR NSR OST PJC PJG PJV PLS PVD SAM SBA SBC SBD SCA SFF SGC SLJ SLR SLV SLY SLYG SPA SPD SPM STD STV TCC TCCV TCW TLS TOC TOV TRS TTS TYS
DESCRIPTION
Transformer differential Time overvoltage Current balance Machine differential Over/under frequency Synchronism check Temperature Phase directional overcurrent Ground directional overcurrent Directional overcurrent, voltage restraint Distance relay Capacitor bank protection 3 phase + ground feeder relay Over/under frequency Small generator protection Overcurrent Synchrocheck Three pole tripping distance relay Small motor protection Directional overcurrent with reclosing Thermal image Transmission line reclosing Pilot/distance auxiliary Breaker trip supervisor Voltage balance Contact auxiliary Instantaneous under/over voltage Multi-shot reclosing Single-shot reclosing Out-of-step protection Instantaneous overcurrent Machine field ground Over/under voltage Polyphase transmission line protection system Bus differential Time delay Breaker auxiliary Breaker backup Bus differential Directional comparison, blocking auxiliary Over/underfrequency Negative sequence overcurrent Synchronism check Multi-shot reclosing Over/under voltage Phase distance Ground distance Pilot wire monitor AC pilot wire Synchronous motor controller Transformer differential Overexcitation (V/Hz) Directional overcurrent Ground fault Directional power Phase/zone transmission line protection system Overcurrent Over/under voltage Transmission line reclosing Transformer differential Phase/zone transmission line protection system
DEVICE NO.
87 59, 64 46 87 81 25 38, 49 67 67N 67 21(+) 50/51(+) 50/51 81 46, 49, 51 50/51 25 21 49/50(+) 50/51/79 49, 50/51 79 78, 85 74 47, 60 94 27, 59 79 79 78 37, 50, 76 64 27, 59 21(+) 67 2 94 50BF 87 85 81 46 25 79 27, 59 21, 68 21N, 68 85 87 50/55/27(+) 87 24 67 64 32 21(+) 50/51 27, 59 79 87 21(+)
ANSI DEVICE NUMBERS/DESCRIPTION

2 21 25 27 30 32 Time-delay Distance Synchronism-check Undervoltage Annunciator Directional power 37 38 40 46 47 49 Undercurrent or underpower Bearing Field Reverse-phase Phase-sequence voltage Thermal 50 51 59 60 63 64 Instantaneous overcurrent AC time overcurrent Overvoltage Voltage balance Pressure Apparatus ground 67 68 69 74 76 78 AC directional overcurrent Blocking Permissive Alarm DC overcurrent Out-of-step 79 81 85 86 87 94 AC reclosing Frequency Carrier or pilot-wire Lock out Differential Tripping
35
REFERENCES
U.S. Standards ANSI
1. 2. 3. Y14.15-1996 (R1988) 4. 5. 6. 7.
ANSI/IEEE
100-1992 375-1975 (R1989)
Title
Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic Diagrams Electrical and Electronics Diagrams
C37.2-1991 C37.90-1989 C37.95-1989 242-1986 (R1991)
Electrical Power System Device Function Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electric Power Apparatus Guide for Protective Relaying of Utility-Consumer Interconnections Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
European Standards 8. IEC-255
Protective Relay Standards
Codes 9. 1993 National Electrical Code NFPA Publication 1993 Books 10. Industrial Power Systems Handbook D.L. Beeman, Editor, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1955
Standards may be purchased from: American National Standards Institute, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Service Center 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08855 National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269
Note: IEC Standards may be purchased from the American National Standards Institute.
36
Relay Selection Guide
TILIN MUL
GE Power Management
INDUSTRIAL GE Multilin EUROPE GEPCE
UTILITY GE Power Management

205 Great Valley Parkway Malvern, PA USA 19355 Tel: (610) 251-7000
215 Anderson Avenue Markham, Ontario Canada L6E 1B3 Tel: (905) 294-6222
Avenida Pinoa 10 48016 Zamudio Vizcaya Spain Tel: +34-4-485-8800
http://www.ge.com/edc/pm GET-8048A
TCC/MPI - 01.98 - 1000

Relay Selection Guide

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Relay Selection Guide

PROTECTIVE ZONE PACKAGES

Figure 2 Zones must overlap

Primary and Backup Zones In

Symmetrical fault current with ac decrement

Typical total fault current with both ac and dc decrement

Short-circuit currents include components with both ac and dc decrement

Overload Overload is exactly what the term implies - excessive load

Abnormal Voltage or Frequency Abnormal voltage or frequency usually is a consequence

Inverse time characteristics of various GE time overcurrent relay models

The operating time of the circuit breakers. Modern medium

Overtravel, which is the tendency for a relay to continue

Margin to account for imponderables such as the

Voltage Voltage protection tends to be applied to detect various

Directionality Many simple applications can be satisfied by relays which

Normal current leads voltage by 90

Basic system phasor relationships

Directional relay directionality

Distance The most complex relays in common application are called

Distance relay characteristic shown on an R-X diagram

Differential While overcurrent, voltage, distance and directionality are

Basic operation of differential relays

Device list for GEN 1

3 RTD 51GN LOW RES

* Locate these Ct's on neutral side

Description Basic Package

Voltage-restrained Time Overcurrent Relay Neutral Ground Overcurrent Relay

IFCV51AD DIFC or IFC53A

81 L/H 86G 87G

Protective Zone (GEN1A)

Device list for GEN 1A

GEN 86G 3 1 LOW RES

* Locate these Ct's on neutral side

Description Alternate Package

46 49C 51 51GN 51VC

(For additional options, see GEN1 package)

Device list for GEN 2

12 24 27 50/27 32 38 39 40Q 46 47 49 50BF 50S 50/51GN 51V 59 59GN/27TN 60FL 81 87G

50BF 50S 87G

Description Basic Package

(For additional options, see GEN1 package)

Device list for GEN 3

51V 60V2 59 TO VOLT REG

87G 49R RTD 51GN

Description Basic Package

21GX 24 27 27TN 32 40 46 51GN 51V 59 60V 64G 81L/H 87G

86G 21G 49R 60V2 64F 78

HEA61 SLY92/SLY82 IRT51E CFVB11 PJG12 OST1000

Device list for GEN 4

51V 60V2 27 TO VOLT REG 46

87G 49R RTD 51GN

Description Basic Package

24 27 27TN 21GX 32 40 46 51GN 51V 59 60V 64G 81L/H 87G

(For options see GEN1 and GEN3 Options)

Device list for MTR1

Description Basic Package (Multiphase Overcurrent)

First Alternate Package (Single Phase Overcurrent)

Second Alternate Package (Multiphase Overload)

IRT51E IFC66K NBV11 SAM201

Device list for MTR1A

37 38 46 49 49R 49S 50 50GS 66 86 27

(3) RTD (option) or Thermistor

Description Basic Package