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Creating a bottom-up parser automatically

S7
S4
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B->x.{b$}
B
S0
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b
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SECTION 6.3

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lexical pointer
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dynamic link
registers & misc.
frame pointer FP
local variables
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!
364
SECTION 6.3
Routines and their activation

FP
D
Activation record of
lexical parent of R
lexical parent of R
Adm. part
Adm. part
the caller Q of R
the caller Q of R
Adm. part
...
Adm. part
lexical ptr
routine addr
code of Q
code of Q
code of R
code of R
Activation record
of R
PC
PC
a. Before calling R.
FP
lexical ptr
return addr
dynamic link
b. After calling R.

d 8 ? F`] 4 O 7h* 9 6 A ,Z698 * 9^94P628 A 'T4 9<, 6 F 4VO 2 A ,/4Hd
Figure 6.30 Calling a routine defined by the two-pointer routine descriptor D.

SUBSECTION 6.4.2

f
V
# j

Routine invocation
379

parameter n
.
.
parameter 1
administration part
old FP
activation record
of the caller
local variables
working stack
dynamic link
parameter k
.
.
parameter 1
activation record
of the callee
administration part
FP
local variables
SP
working stack

Figure 6.45 Two activation records on a stack.

d ? F`] 4 O h* A ,68 * 4P6MB* F .;0K(+*+.;0 ',;4 F ,`2254y68 * {4V61*B'}./4y4$.R254y68 * 4P6$4PO 4Hd

8
7 9 6
9^9
Q9^9
Q9^9

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SECTION 4.2
9 6
X
<
9 6
Code generation

Instruction
Actions
Load_Const
Load_Mem
Store_Reg
c,Rn
x,Rn
Rn ,x
Rn :=c;
Rn :=x;
x:=Rn ;
Add_Reg
Subtr_Reg
Mult_Reg
Rm ,Rn
Rm ,Rn
Rm ,Rn
Rn :=Rn +Rm ;
Rn :=Rn -Rm ;
Rn :=Rn *Rm ;

Figure 4.22 Register machine instructions.
9 6
d 8 >'TU[./, ATF .;0 6 'TUW254)6\*s,/4 0\UY.;4P, | :T*HU[4x2 7h* F`] 01'<4Hd

6 ./4V,D~ A 4 b H<<LcNI 9 6 A ,D698 * F ./0 6 ' F@H IÛ[0 'T0zST44V'CE*-0K. b }}<<3cND+I
A ,W68 * F .;0 ' ( )"d

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8
8
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6 9
6
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pDI
9 6 6
F@H
+9
P
+E
iF b
F b
F E
E
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3c Lc
QE

+E
3E
+E
+E

P +E
P +E
P +E

!5 f f e( @ e g
3
240
f h

e
Code generation
SECTION 4.2

Rn
Load_Const c ,Rn :
Rn
Load_Mem x ,Rn :
Rn
Add_Reg Rm,Rn :
Rn
Subtr_Reg Rm,Rn :
+
Rm
Rn
Rn
Mult_Reg Rm,Rn :
Rm
Rn
Store_Reg Rn ,x:
:=
*
Rn
x
Rm
Rn

Figure 4.28 The abstract syntax trees for the register machine instructions.
d
de^f
y
I K
2<
w `y {|~y
Rlm5lEo
GJG
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G G 2K H I J L/I a Pc %G FI %H
v 5 y
y 3 y
y y
y u
-
z< v
w } y
}}<< <<
{BT
}}<< <B +
}< <
{BT
{BT
5<
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b
b
T
b
b
b
T
T
] T
6
6 7
Lc
Lc
E
Lc
Lc
E
E

E

A

A
A

7:9
A
9
7:9
3
! f 2

fW

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Code generation

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SUBSECTION 4.2.5
Code generation for basic blocks
255

=:
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Code generation

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Code generation for basic blocks
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x
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Code generation
SECTION 4.2

Rn
#1
cst
Load_Const cst ,R n
load constant
cost = 1
Load_Mem mem,R n
load from memory
cost = 3
Add_Mem mem,R n
add from memory
cost = 3
Add_Reg R 1 ,R n
add registers
cost = 1
Mult_Mem mem,R n
multiply from memory
cost = 6
Mult_Reg Rm,R n
multiply registers
cost = 4
Add_Scaled_Reg cst ,Rm,R n
add scaled register
cost = 4
Mult_Scaled_Reg cst ,Rm,R n
multiply scaled register
cost = 5
Rn
#2
mem
Rn
+
#3
mem
Rn
Rn
+
#4
R1
Rn
Rn
*
#5
mem
Rn
Rn
*
#6
Rm
Rn
Rn
+
#7
* #7.1
Rn
cst
Rm
Rn
#8
*
* #8.1
Rn
cst
Rm

d 8 H4 A 2M8 01'TU[./, ATF .;0 6 ' 9 6 A , 6A"BZ?d
Figure 4.60 Sample instruction patterns for BURS code generation.
3 ^
!
SUBSECTION 4.2.6
@
$#e
!f
BURS code generation and dynamic programming
281

#4->reg
+ #7->reg
->mem
#2->reg
#6->reg
#7.1
#8->reg
#8.1
#5->reg
#6->reg
* #7.1
#8.1
->cst
#1->reg
->cst
#1->reg
->mem
#2->reg

d 8 6 6 .[. 6 7 | A 9 9{*+.[.;4P,;' 7h*-. F`] 01' d
Figure 4.69 Label sets resulting from bottom-up pattern matching.
SUBSECTION 4.2.6

+ #4->reg @13
#7.1
* #8->reg @9
b
->mem @0
#2->reg @3
#5->reg @7
* #7.1
4
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8
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a
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283
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SECTION 4.2
Code generation

S00
S01
S02
S03
S04
S05
S06
S07
S08
S09
S10
S11
S12
S13
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
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=
=
=
=
=
{}
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{mem@0, #2reg@3}
{#4reg@0}
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{#3reg@0}
{#5reg@4, #7.1@0, #8.1@0}
{#6reg@0}
{#5reg@0}
{#7reg@0}
{#8reg@1, #7.1@0, #8.1@0}
{#8reg@0}
{#8reg@2, #7.1@0, #8.1@0}
{#8reg@4, #7.1@0, #8.1@0}

d 8 % 'TU/47:T6K4)254xU4$O .`*+.;U9 6 A , 65"^Z?d
Figure 4.74 States of the BURS automaton for Figure 4.60.
288
SECTION 4.2
Code generation

S01
+
S02
S03
S04
S05
S06
S07
S08
S09
S10
S11
S12
S13

S01
S05
S03
S09
S03
S09
S03
S03
S03
S03
S03
S03
S09
S03
S13

S01
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S02
S03
S04
S05
S06
S07
S08
S09
S10
S11
S12
S13

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S06
S04
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S04
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S04
S04
S04
S04
S04
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S12
S02
S08
S07
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S07
S11
S07
S07
S07
S07
S07
S11
S11
S07
S13

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3 ^
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S01
cst

mem -reg
#1
@
$#e
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289

S02
-#2
S03
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S04
--#6
S05
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S06
--#5
S07
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S08
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S09
--#7
S10
--#8

d < 8 @3*B:<614VUW254 4PO 'y4PO ,`*+./0 6 ' 2<4 F 6 254 9 6 A , 6A"BZ?Md
Figure 4.77 The code generation table.
S11
--#8
S12
--#8
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