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AERATION
General theory
for the oxygen transfer
General theory
In case of almost all aeration systems the oxygen is transferred by atmospherical air
General theory
WHAT AFFECTS THE AERATION EFFICENCY:
Water depth
Size of bubbles
General theory
Influence of bubble size Volume V
in 1 bubble 1 in 2 bubbles 0,79 in 4 bubbles 0,63
100% 126%
100% 159%
General theory
As a result the smaller the air bubbles are:
the larger is the bubble surface and by this, a larger contact layer air/water is obtained
General theory
Influence of the temperature
ct [gO2/m3] CS,T10 CSV,T10 Measurement on Clear Water at 10C CSV,T30 Measurement on Clear Water at 30C
t [min]
OC =
General theory
A
mg/l 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 C
14,23
6,1
5 C
10 C
15 C
20 C
25 C
30C
35C
40C
45 C
50C
General theory
As a result the cooler the water:
the higher the oxygen saturation value and due to this the higher the O2 transfer
General theory
As a result the deeper the immersion depth:
the higher the ambient pressure and due to this the higher the O2 concentration / contact layer the longer the retention time will be
General theory
Correction factor of the altitude
Altitude above sea level
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
0,976
0,954
0,93
0,908
0,885
0,864
0,845
0,824
Factor
0,803
General theory
Influence of the altitude of the plant
Another important point is the altitude of the plant, as the oxygen proportion of air decreases with increasing altitude.
General theory
The main tasks of the aeration systems in activated sludge basins
High turbulance to avoid sedimentation and to mix intensively the waste water
General theory
For the oxygen transfer of waste waters
Due to the surfaceactive agents the oxygen transfer rate might be influenced negatively in comparison to clean water
Alpha value = Oxygen transfer in waste water : Oxygen transfer in clean water
General theory
ALPHA AND BETA VALUE Alpha value = Oxygen transfer in waste water Oxygen transfer in clean water Beta value = Desalination value, depending on the amount of salt normally 0,98 (municipal WW)
Alpha factor
Kla (sewage)
Kla (clean water)
Type of aeration equipment Sludge age Conc. of surface active agents Type of waste water Intensity of mixing Type of process Location in the aeration basin Bubble size and velocity
Beta
ratio between the oxygen saturation in process water and in clean water.
C sewage * C cleanwater
*
Water depth
Size of bubbles
1. Oxygen Transfer
Oxygen Transfer
Composition of air
3 m air
Oxygen Transfer
Composition of air ~ 1% ~ 21% ~ 78%
3 m air
N2
O2
Argon
Definitions
of the American Standard ASCE
SOTR
[kgO2/h]
Mass of oxygen per unit time dissolved in a volume of clean water by an oxygen transfer system operating under standard conditions: Dissolved Oxygen (DO) = 0 mg/l Water temperature = 20C Barometric pressure = 1013 hPa sea level OTR [kgO2/h] Oxygen Transfer Rate
Definitions
of the American Standard ASCE
SAE
[kgO2/kWh]
AAE
[kg O2/kWh]
Definitions
of the American Standard ASCE
AOR
[kgO2/h]
SOR
[kgO2/h]
Conversion
of SOR in AOR and vice versa
General theory
Surface Aerators Fine Bubbles System ABS
Submersibles
TA
OKI
SAE
in clean water
[kg O2/kWh]
7 0,65 4,5
1,2
4,5
-Values
depends on waste water
0,95 1,1 4
As a result
AAE
in waste water
[kg O2/kWh]
3.) The increase of the dissolved oxygen concentration proceeds very quickly until it runs asymptotically to the saturation value.
4.) Inclination of the curve= kLa
How to test it
1 = Aerator 2 = Air pipe
3 = Thermometer
4 = Oxygen probes 5 = Air flow meter 6 = Power measuring 7 = Test tank
Minutes
Other parameters
Aeration time in SBR something else than 24 hours
Aeration parameters
Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency SOTE, (%)
SOTE = SOTR / Air flow * 0,28
Calculation of AOR
Many alternatives, simple 0,8 - 1,2 Kg O2/ BODload (Kg BOD5 /d)
Layout design
Negative/positive effects of the basin dimensions Mixing requirements (1,2 - 2,0 m3/m2) Number of diffusers, air flows (min, average, max)
Other 1%
Blowers 2%
Misc.systems 3%
High efficiency
Lower efficiency
DD 10 % DD 5 %
Bubble Size
Affected by:
Surface properties of the membrane or disc Pore size Air velocity in the pore
To minimize headloss:
Low air velocities, low air flow/diffuser Cleaning air filters, diffusers
Bubble velocity
Depending on:
bubble size diffuser density (spiral flows) diffuser layout (spiral flows) uncovered areas (spiral flows)
Velocity of the single bubble 0,2 - 0,3 m/s Actual vertical velocity 0,3 - 0,4 m/s
Aerators
System Frings TA Venturi-Jet
TA
SELF ASPIRATING
Submersible Aerators
Water tight encapsulated squirrel cage NEMA B three phase motor, class F insulation, 155C, thermal sensors in each winding phase
DI-electrode monitor seal leakage
Replaceable channel ring Specially engineered star shaped impeller for creatings fine bubbles
Replaceable bushing
Function of the TA
Selfaspirating
Water Air
Key
Back side creates vacuum and aspirates air Working side pushes liquid
Distance of Gap between Impeller Tip and Channel Ring Tip --->0.75 mm
Impeller Channel Ring
Key
Motor Support
Impeller Impeller Washer Impeller Screw Channel Ring Bushing
Hydraulic Stator
Hex. Nut
TA 1200
M220/4 + M300/4 max. w.d. 6.5 m SOTR= 30 kgO2/h
TA 1800
M370/4 - M550/4 max. w.d. 9 m SOTR= 46 kgO2/h Weight= 785 kg
TA 2400
M550/4 + M750/4 max. w.d. 7.5 m SOTR= 70 kgO2/h
Weight= 465 kg
Weight= 915 kg
Submersible Aerator TA
Flow Pattern in Selfaspirating Operation (radial 360 Discharge)
A/2
A/2
Diameter A
A/2
A/2
A/2
Submersible Aerators TA
Performance Data 50 Hz (Basin Diameter B) Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate / Water Depth
OC/SOTR
(KgO2/h)
80 70 60 50 40
TA 1200 TA 1800 TA 2400
30 20 10
TA 151 TA 901 TA 601 TA 301
H (m)
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Submersible Aerator TA
P1 at duty point
[kW]
H [m]
6,5
2,5
3,5
4,5
5,5
SBR - Reactors:
Industrial WWTP Fruitjuice Factory Krings-Fruchtsaft / Germany
Germany
DDS
NOPOL
DISC DIFFUSER SYSTEM
Porous disc KKI HKL EPDM membrane Non return valve rubber, ball SS less pressure Polypropylen PIK 300 body, high temperature 10m3/h PVC HKL KKI body 4m3/h Blue ring self lubricating mtrl, if membrane clogged pressure increases and membrane goes of and is not broken When stretched normal the membranes are broken NOPON clean, formic acid 20 mbar immersed in acid to clean the membrane PRK 300, strong bode on KKI 215, old non return valve higher pressure drop Foot brackets, easy to install fully horizontally 1,0 -1,2 m3/m2 to avoid settling
Quick and easy installation Possible to release the membrane and reinstall, not glued Tested unit from factory 2 meters between the bottom brackets Water drainage system, air lift small hole in the top 3x density, water level, air flow
Diffuser disc Porous HDPE, fine bubble, 200 mm Porous HDPE, medium bubble, 200 mm Elastic membrane, 200 mm Elastic membrane, 300 mm Elastic membrane, 300 mm Elastic membrane, 300 mm
KKIE
PRKE PIKEV PIKE
KKI 215
PRK 300 PIK 300 PIK 300
HKL 215, MKL 215, KKI 215 and PRK 300 diffuser components for 90 mm piping
NOPOL CLEAN
NOPOL CLEAN
PUMP MOTOR CONTROL PANEL
POWER CABLE
HPK 210
1 2 5 6 7 3 4
1.Strap 2.Pipe holder 3.Extension sleeve 4.Foot 5.Hex screw 6.Washer 7.Drop-in anchor
HPA 210 HKI 210 HJA 210 HTU 210 M10 x 20 KL 11/28 LAH 10
1 2 3 D 4 L
TPK 125350
1.Threaded rod 2.Hex nut 3.Holder 4.Washer 5.Drop-in anchor M12 M12 125350 M12 LAH 12
H MIN.
MAX. 285
HPA 210
Strap
HKI 210
Pipe holder
HJA 210
Extension sleeve
M10 x 20
Hex screw
KL 11/28
Washer
WEDGE ATTACHMENT
Connecting sleeve
2. Gasket 4. Screw
HLT 90 3,5 x 35
CONDENSATE REMOVAL
Due to the pressure in the air main, moisture in the air and the cooling effect of the effluent, condensation will form in the pipe work Drain this water back into the basin by opening the relevant valve Drainage can vary from every day to once per month. Monitor the collection of water over the initial operating period The water should be crystal clear Dirty water means a problem with the system installation
Helsinki Viikinmaki Central Treatment Plant, Finland. 20,000 KKI 215 membrane disc diffusers. Population equivalent 750,000. Water depth 12m
4.4kgO2/kWh
3.6kgO2/kWh
IS THIS OK?
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
Optimal installation?
MIN 1,5 - 2 m CHANNEL WIDTH CHANNEL WIDTH MIN 1,5 - 2 m
MIN 1,5 - 2 m
MIN 1,5 - 2 m
OKI
Demanding installations Mixer and aerator Non clogging Deep tanks Easy to install Cheap to install APLHA value 30% more then DDS,
slightly smaller SOTE them DDS
SAE 3,5-4,5kgO2/h
AM
continuous aeration+ mixing at high speed without air
AM2
continuous aeration+ mixing at low speed without air rpm/H rpm/L max SOTR at 8 m kg O2/h
A B A B C A B C A B
3.0 4.0 5.5 7.5 11.0 15.0 18.5 22.0 30.0 37.0
3,0/2,0 4,0/2,6 5/3,3 7,5/5 11/7,5 15/10 18,5/13 20/13 26/18,5 30/20
95 105 64 69 77 69 75 79 64 70
*) this model can be used as mixer at higher speed only af ter check and approval by t he technical depart ment
**) at 7 m
STATOR FRAME
ROTOR
Cavendish Farms Inc., Canada. Food Industry equipped with 10 NOPOL O.K.I. aerator mixers
Enso Oyj, Imatra, Finland, pulp and paper mill with 42 NOPOL O.K.I. Aerator mixers
Prague Central WWTP, Czech Republic Return Sludge aeration in 14m water depth with 18 NOPOL O.K.I. Aerator mixers.
Phoenix Pulp & Paper, Thailand, equipped with 10 NOPOL O.K.I aerator mixer units
QM Aeration dimensioning
HST
Contact-less and lubrication free magnetic bearing system, no friction losses Massive rotor induction motor Variable rotation speed control Integrated frequency converter with control software
Small footprint
Light weight Low noise - no special insulation needed No vibration - no foundation base-plate required No need for crane, fork-lift truck is sufficient
Installation in 60 minutes (HST record!) Ready assembled and tested complete unit
Low energy consumption No maintenance costs Inbuilt self diagnostic protection and monitoring system No lubrication needed, no external cooling, no cooling water needed Optimization of operation at all times Soft start function as standard
Superior Technology
Rotation speed control: no mechanical control organs as variable diffusers or inlet guide vanes, no risk of components being blocked Rotation speed control: keeps high efficiency even by partial load Only one rotating component No auxiliary motors/equipment
Standard Product
Dimensions
S2500 S6000 142 178-199 93 135 189 189 750 1350-1500 S9000 204 135 200 1700
HST References
HST Installation
Vsters, Sweden
HST Installation
Lingen, Germany
2500-1-H
2500-1-H ca. 1300-3100 m3/h <8m 2500-1-L ca. 1100-3200 m3/h <6m
2500-1-L
4 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Flow [m/h]
10
2500-2-H ca. 1300-2500 m3/h < 12 m 2500-2-L ca. 1100-2500 m3/h < 10 m
2500-2-L
6000-1-H
6000-1-H ca. 2700-6500 m3/h <8m 6000-1-L ca. 2600-7000 m3/h <6m
6000-1-L
4 1500
2500
3500
5500
6500
7500
6000-2-H ca. 3700-6500 m3/h < 12 m 6000-2-L ca. 3300-6700 m3/h < 10 m
6000-2-L
3500
5500
6500
7500
9000-1-H
9000-1-H ca. 4100-9200 m3/h <8m 9000-1-L ca. 3700-9200 m3/h <6m
9000-1-L
4 1500
3500
7500
9500
11500