Lp 12 CFU&C

Chuyn 1: NHOM HALOGEN

I- Halogen: 1. Cu to: Nguyn t halogen c 7e lp ngoi cng (ns2 np5); bn knh nguyn t nh (nh nht so vi cc nguyn t thuc cng chu k); m in ln. Vi nhng thuc tnh trn: nguyn t halogen d nhn 1e (th hin tnh oxi ha mnh v l phi kim in hnh) Phn t Halogen tn ti dng X2, vi 2 nguyn t lin kt n vi nhau: X X. 2. L tnh: Halogen F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 Trng thi (kt) kh kh Lng Rn Mu sc Xanh nht Vng lc nu Tm Tnh tan Phn hy nc mnh Tan rt t trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c 3. Ha tnh: Tnh cht c trng l tnh oxi ha mnh: X + 1e X v bin i: F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 Tc dng vi Ch V d Oxi ha kim loi n trng thi s oxi ha cao (tr I2) 2Fe + 3Cl2 3FeCl3 Kim loi (to) Fe + I2 FeI2 Tr N2, O2, C to H2 + Cl2 2HCl Phi kim to 2P + 3Cl2 2PCl3 hay PCl5 Mui ca Halogen c tnh oxi ha yu hn Hp cht c tnh kh Dd kim H2O y halogen c tnh oxi ha yu hn ra khi mui (F2 khng xy ra phn ng theo nguyn tc ny)
2H2S, Fe2+, SO3 , SO2

Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 Br2 + NaI NaBr + I2 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 Br2 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr 4Cl2 + H2S + 4H2O H2SO4 +8HCl

Sn phm to ra ty thuc vo long, ngui hay c, nng - F2 phn hy nc 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF +O2 - I2 khng phn ng. HCl +HClO Cl2 + H2O

4. iu ch: pnc - F2: in phn hn hp KF + HF, vi anot bng than ch, catot bng thp: 2HF H 2 + F2 -Cl2: oxi ha Cl bng KMnO4, MnO2, KClO3 hoc K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng axit hoc in phn dd NaCl (c mng ngn) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 7H2O - Br2: oxi ha Br bng MnO2 trong mi trng axit hoc bng Cl2 Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl +Br2 MnO2 + 4HBr MnBr2 + Br2 + 2H2O - I2: oxi ha I bng lng Clo (va ) hoc MnO2 Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2 MnO2 + 4HI MnI2 + I2 + 2H2O II Hp cht cha halogen: 1. Halogenua a, Tnh axit ca cc HX: - Cc hidro halogenua u l cc cht kh tan rt nhiu trong nc to ra cc dd c tnh axit. - Tnh axit: HF < HCl < HBr < HI + HF l mt axit yu, nhng c tnh cht c bit l n mn thy tinh: 4HF +SiO2 SiF4 + 2H2O + HCl, HBr, HI l nhng axit rt mnh. b, Tnh kh ca cc ion X: I > Br > Cl > F Bng minh ha kh nng kh gim dn t I n F (HS t vit cc phn ng xy ra) Cht phn ng HI HBr HCl HF MnO2 I2 + MnI2 + H2O Br2 + MnBr2 + H2O Cl2 + MnCl2 + H2O H2SO4 c I2 + H2S (S) + H2O Br2 + SO2 + H2O O2 I2 +H2O Br2 +H2O FeCl3 FeI2 +I2 + H2O Ch : v kh nng phn ng ca HBr, HI vi H2SO4 c nn khng s dng cch NaBr hoc NaI tc dng vi H2SO4 c to HBr hoc HI. c, iu ch HX: to - HF : CaF2 (rn) +H2SO4 c CaSO4 + 2HF - HCl: NaCl (rn) + H2SO4 c - HBr: PBr3 + 3H2O 3HBr + H3PO3 - HI: PI3 +3H2O 3HI + H3PO3
t NaHSO4 (hoc Na2SO4) + HCl
o

Gv Phan Van Nhan

Lp 12 CFU&C III- Hp cht c oxi ca Clo: 1. Axit cha oxi ca clo: gm axit hipoclor (HClO); axit clor (HClO2); axit cloric (HClO3); axit pecloric (HClO4) Tnh axit tng dn HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4 Tnh oxi ha gim dn - HClO: l axit yu (yu hn nc 1 ca H2CO3), km bn, c tnh oxi ha mnh NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO 2HClO 2HCl + O2 - HClO2: axit c mnh trung bnh, km bn: 3HClO2 HCl + 2HClO3 - HClO3: axit mnh, km bn khi nng > 50%: 3HClO3 HClO4 + 2ClO2 + H2O - HClO4: l axit mnh nht trong cc axit v c. 2. Mt s hp cht khc cha oxi ca clo: a, Nc Javel (hn hp NaClO + NaCl +H2O): 25o C - iu ch: Cl2 + 2NaOH long NaClO + NaCl +H2O - Nc Javel c tnh oxi ha mnh dng ty trng, st trng b, Kaliclorat:(KClO3) 75o C - iu ch: 3Cl2 + 6KOH c KClO3 +5KCl + 3H2O
MnO 2 , t 2KCl + 3O2 o t - Khi un nng vi lu hunh hoc cacbon to hn hp n mnh: 2KClO3 + 3S 2KCl + 3SO2

- B nhit phn (phn ng xy ra d dng khi c MnO2 lm xc tc): 2KClO3

1. Cho cc cu sau :

c, Clorua vi:(CaOCl2: ClCaOCl) 30o C - iu ch: Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 (sa vi) CaOCl2 + H2O - CaOCl2 l mui ca 2 axit HCl v HClO (mui hn tp), c tnh oxi ha mnh, dng ty u, ty trng, dit trng I T LUAN Cu 1: Vit cc phn ng thc hin chui phn ng sau: K2Cr2O7 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 FeCl3 NaCl Cl2 Br2 H2SO4 HBr NaBr NaCl HCl Cl2 CaOCl2 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl HF KF F2 OF2 Cu 2: Cho 41,1g hn hp gm 2 mui canxi halogenua (ca 2 halogen thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau) tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3, sau phn ng thu c 85,1g. Xc nh cng thc 2 mui halogenua. Cu 3: Cho m gam hn hp X gm NaBr v NaI ha tan vo nc c dd Y. chia dd Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau: - Cho mt lng kh Clo va vo phn 1, Lm bay hi dd, nung nng n khi khi lng khng i th thu c 17,55g mui khan - Cho mt lng Brom d vo phn 2 , lm bay hi dd, nung nng n khi lng khng i th thu c (m 9,4) gam mui khan. (bit rng khng xy ra phn ng ca Cl 2 v Br2 hoc I2). Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu? II TRAC NGHIEM LUYEN TAP

(1) Nguyn t halogen c kh nng nhn 1 electron (2) Cc halogen to ra hp cht cng ha tr c cc vi hidro (3) Cc nguyn t halogen c s oxi ha -1 trong mi hp cht (4) Lp electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t halogen u c 7e (5) Cc n cht halogen u tn ti th kh trong iu kin thng (6) Flo tc dng mnh vi H2O trong iu kin thng (7) Cc halogen khng tc dng trc tip vi N2 v O2 S cu ng l : A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 2. Khi ha tan kh clo vo nc thu c nc clo c mu vng nht, trong nc clo c th cha nhng cht g? A. Cl2, H2O B. Cl2, H2O, HCl. C. H2O, HCl, HClO. D. Cl2, H2O, HCl, HClO. 3. Trong cc phn ng sau y, phn ng no khng dng iu ch clo : A. 2NaCl + 2H2O
pdd co m a ngnga n
o

2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

B. MnO2 + 4HCl

t MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

t C. 2KMnO4 + 16HCl

2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O

D. F2

2NaCl

4. Hai kh no sau y c th tn ti vi nhau trong cng mt hn hp iu kin thng ? 5. thc hin cc phn ng iu ch Clo nh sau:
A. H2 v F2 B. Cl2 v O2 C. NH3 v HCl D. Cl2 v H2S (1) in phn dd cha m gam NaCl (c mng ngn) (2) Cho dd cha m gam KMnO4 vo dd HCl d (3) Cho m gam KClO3 vo dd HCl d (4) Cho m gam MnO2 vo dd HCl c nng d

Cl2 + 2NaF

Gv Phan Van Nhan

Lp 12 CFU&C
Th nghim to ra th tch clo (kc) nhiu nht l: A. (1) B. (2). C. (3) D. (4) 6. Cho Cl2 vao cac binh cha cac cht sau: O2 (to), Cu (to) , dung dich KOH, dung dich NaF, dung dich NaBr, dung dich FeCl2, nc Brom, kh H2S (iu kin thng), kh NH3 (iu kin thng). S trng hp co phan ng xay ra la: A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 5 +A +B +C NaCl HCl Cl HCl 7. Cho chui phn ng sau: . A, B, C ln lt l: 2 A. H2SO4 long, MnO2, H2. B. H2SO4 c, KMnO4, H2SO4 long. C. H2SO4 c, KMnO4, H2. D. H2SO4 long, KMnO4, H2. 8. Cho cc dd ng trong cc l ring bit: NaCl; HCl; NaNO3; HNO3. Nhm thuc th no phn bit cc dd trn: A. dd AgNO3, dd H2SO4. B. dd AgNO3, qu tm. C. Qu tm, dd Cu (NO3)2. D. dd Ba(NO3)2, dd Na2CO3. 9. Trong mui natri clorua c ln tp cht natri iotua. loi b tp cht ngi ta cho mui vo : A. Nc, c cn v nung nng. B. Nc, c cn. C. Lng d nc clo, c cn, nung nng. D. Nc clo, nung nng. 10. Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau: A. NaClO v CaOCl2 l nhng mui c tnh oxi ha rt mnh B. CaOCl2 v NaClO l mui hn tp C. NaClO v CaOCl2 u tc dng vi CO2 v hi nc trong khng kh gii phng axit hipoclor. D. Clorua vi v nc giaven c th dng ty trng vi, si, giy... 11. Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau: A. KClO3 c dng trong sn xut thuc n, pho hoa... B. Dung dch NaF c dng lm thuc chng su rng C. Trong phng th nghim thng dng bnh thy tinh ng dung dch HF D. Khi un nng I2 rn th c hin tng thng hoa. 12. Cho chui phn ng sau: KClO3 A B C. Bit rng A, B l nhng cht c nguyn t Clo, C l cht lm h tinh bt ha xanh. A, B, C l: A. Cl2, Br2, I2. B. O2, Cl2, I2. C. KCl, KI, I2. D. KCl, Cl2, I2. 13. Cho cc cu sau: (1) Nc Javel c tnh ty mu v st trng (2) Nc Javel l hn hp gm cc cht NaClO, NaCl v nc (3) C th dng H2SO4 c lm kh kh hidrobromua (4) thu c brom sch t hn hp brom c ln tp cht l kh Clo, ta dn hn hp qua dd NaI (5) phn bit kh Clo v hidroclorua c th dng qu tm m. (6) Sc kh Clo d vo dd KI, mt thi gian di sau , ngi ta cho h tinh bt vo th khng thy mu xanh (7) un nng NaBr (rn) v H2SO4 c, d th thu c HBr thot ra Cc cu ng l: A. (1); (2); (5); (6) B. (1); (2); (5); (6) ; (7) C. (1); (2); (4) (5) D. (1); (2); (3); (6) 14. Cho dung dich HCl vao cac ng nghim cha cac cht sau: dung dich AgNO 3, dung dich FeBr2, CuO, Cu, dung dich Na2CO3, Zn, dung dich Ba(OH)2, dung dich Na2SO4, dung dich KMnO4 (to), dung dich H2SO4 c. S trng hp co phan ng xay ra la: A. 6. B. 4. C. 5 D. 7 15. Cho dy axit: HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Cu no sau y khng ng: A. Tnh axit tng dn t HF n HI B. Tnh kh tng dn t HF n HI. C. Cc axit trn c th c to thnh bng cch ha tan kh hidro halogenua tng ng vo nc D. Cho cc axit trn vo dd AgNO3 th u thu c kt ta. 16. Cho ln lt cc cht: dd FeCl3, dd NaOH, kh Clo, dd brom, dd H2SO4 c, dd Na2CO3 vo dd HI. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 17. Pht biu no sau y ng : A. axit HClO4 c tnh oxi ha mnh hn HClO B. HF c nhit si cao hn HI C. HClO4 c tnh axit yu hn H2SO4 D. HBr c tnh axit yu hn HCl + Fe + NaOH + HBr 18. Cho chui phan ng sau: Cl2 (X) (Y) (Z). X, Y, Z: A. FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, FeBr3 B. FeCl3, Fe(OH)3, FeBr2 C. FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, FeBr3 D. FeCl3, Fe(OH)3, FeBr3 19. Cho cc cu sau : (1) CaOCl2 tc dng vi dd HCl to kh Clo (2) C CaOCl2 v NaOCl u tc dng c vi CO2 trong khng kh (3) CTPT ca clorua vi l Ca(OCl)2 (4) KClO4 c tn gi l Kali peclorat (5) SiO2 phn ng vi HF to SiH4 v F2O (6) Sc kh Clo vo dd FeBr2 th thu c FeCl3 v Br2 S cu ng l : A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 20. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau y: A. Cc ion F, Cl, Br, I u to kt ta vi ion Ag+ B. Cc ion Cl, Br, I u to kt ta mu trng vi ion Ag+

Gv Phan Van Nhan

Lp 12 CFU&C
C. C th nhn bit cc dd ring l cha ln lt ion F, Cl, I bng dd AgNO3 D. Trong cc ion F, Cl, Br, I, ch c ion Cl mi to kt ta vi Ag+ 21. Dng cc cht no sau y iu ch trc tip ra kh Cl2: A. KMnO4 v dd HCl. B. MnO2 v dd HCl c. C. Mui n. D. C A, B, C u ng. t Clo b kh l A. 1:5 B. 1:3 C. 5:1 D. 1:1 23. Khi cho HCl c d vo 1 lng ring l (c cng s mol) ca cc cht: KMnO4,MnO2,KClO3,K2Cr2O7. Cht to lng Cl2 t nht: A. K2Cr2O7 B. MnO2 C. KClO3 D. KMnO4 24. Cho cc cu sau: (1) Flo ch c 1 s oxi ha duy nht trong cc hp cht l -1 (2) Flo c m in ln nht trong cc nguyn t. (3) Cc halogen u tn ti trng thi kh trong iu kin thng (4) Tt c cc halogen u va c tnh oxi ha, va cc tnh kh (5) Cc halogen u c tnh oxi ha mnh (6) Cc halogen u tc dng mnh vi H2O. Cc cu ng l: A. (1), (2), (3), (5) B. (2), (4), (5), (6) C. (1), (2), (4), (5) D. (1), (2), (5) 25. Cho m gam halogen X tc dng ht vi Fe th thu c 29,6g mui. Cn nu cho m gam halogen X trn tc dng ht vi Mg th thu c 27,6g mui. halogen X l: A. Clo B. Flo C. Brom D. iot 26. Cho 2,7g bt Al tc dng va vi m gam hn hp gm 2 halogen thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau th thu c 36,57g hn hp 2 mui. Hai halogen l: A. F2 v Cl2 B. Cl2 v Br2 C. Br2 v I2 D. Cl2 v I2 27. Cho mt lng hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d th thu c mt lng kt ta ng bng lng AgNO3 phn ng. Thnh phn % khi lng NaCl trong hn hp mui ban u? A.47,59% B. 72,18% C. 27,84% D. 52,41% 28. Cho 2,24 lt (kc) khi HBr vao 200g dung dich Ba(OH) 2 6,84%. Tinh C% cac cht trong dung dich thu c. A. HCl (0,7785%); BaBr2 (11,4176%) B. HCl (0,81%); BaBr2 (11,88%) C. Ba(OH)2 (2,4652%); BaBr2 (7,136%) D. Ba(OH)2 (2,565%); BaBr2 (7,425%) 29. Ho tan hon ton 3,4 g hn hp Zn v kim loi A (nhm IIA) trong 36,5 g dung dch HCl 10% thu c 1,344 lt kh (kc). Xac inh tn kim loai A va khi lng A trong hn hp? A. Mg B. Ca C. Sr D. Ba 30. Cho 2,06g mui Natri halogenua (A) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 thu c kt ta (B). Kt ta ny sau khi phn ng phn hy hon ton cho 2,16g Bc. xac inh Mui A? A. NaF B. NaCl C. NaBr D. NaI 31. Cho 21,3g hn hp NaX v NaY( X,Y l halogen 2 chu k lin tip) vo dung dch AgNO 3 d th thu c 42,55 g kt ta. Cng thc ca mi mui trong hn hp ? A. NaF v NaCl B. NaCl v NaBr C. NaBr v NaI D. A hoc B u ng 32. Cho 3mol hn hp 2 kh H 2 v Cl2 vo bnh thy tinh thch anh, y kn v chiu nh sng khuch tn. Sau 1 thi gian ngng chiu sng th thu c mt hn hp kh cha 30% HCl v s mol v lng Cl 2 gim xung cn 20% so vi lng ban u. S mol kh H2 v Cl2 trong hn hp ban u ln lt l: A. 2,4375mol; 0,5625 mol. B. 2mol; 1mol. C. 2,5mol; 0,5mol. D. 1,735mol; 1,265mol. 33. t chy hon ton 7,6 g hn hp Cu v Mg trong oxi th thu c hn hp oxt c 20% MgO v 80% CuO v khi lng. Ho tan hn hp oxit vo dung dch HCl 0,5M. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l: A. 600ml. B. 100ml. C. 500ml. D. 200ml. 34. Cho 200 g dung dch KBr phn ng ht vi Cl 2 .Sau phn ng khi lng mui to thnh nh hn khi lng mui ban u l 4,45 g. Nng C% ca dung dch KBr dng l: A. 5,95% B. 11,9%. C. 10%. D. 4,45%. 35. Cho hn hp NaI v NaBr ha tan vo nc c dd A. Cho vo dd A mt lng brom va thu c mui X c khi lng nh hn khi lng mui ban u l a gam. Ha tan X vo nc c dd B. Sc kh Clo va vo dd B thu c mui Y c khi lng nh hn khi lng ca mui X l 2a gam. Coi Cl 2, Br2, I2 phn ng khng ng k vi nc. % NaI trong hn hp ban u l: A. 56,7% B. 43,3% C. 47,3% D. 52,7% 36. Cho 11,2 lt (kc) hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng ht vi 16,98g hn hp B gm magie v nhm to ra 42,34 hn hp clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. a, Thnh phn % theo th tch ca clo v oxi trong hn hp A ln lt l: A. 48%, 52%. B. 50%, 50%. C. 40%, 60%. D. p n khc. b, Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Mg v Al trong hn hp B ln lt l: A. 77,74%, 22,26%. B. 70%, 30%. C. 68,74%, 31,26%. D. p n khc. 37. Trn 100ml dd X cha KCl 1M v NaCl 1,5M vi 200ml dd Y cha AgNO 3 a (M) v Pb(NO 3)2 0,5M th phn ng xy ra va v thu c b gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l: A. 0,15 v 34,975 B. 0,15 v 44,975 C. 0,25 v 34,975 D. 0,25 v 44,975 38. Cho hn hp gm Al v Fe vo dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v 13,44 lt (kc) kh H 2. Nu c cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Nu cho kh clo (d) qua dung dch A thu c dung

22. Khi cho Cl2 tc dng vi dung dch KOH c, nng th t s gia s nguyn t Clo b oxi ha v s nguyn

Gv Phan Van Nhan

Lp 12 CFU&C
dch B, c cn dung dch B thu c m + 5,325 (g) mui khan. Khi lng hn hp kim loi dng l: A. 16,5g. B. 14,8g. C. 19,3g. D. p n khc. 39. Cho 8,1g Al tc dng va vi dd HCl 20% to thnh dd A. Nng % ca dd A l: A. 23,36% B. 23,24% C. 23, 12 D. 23, 43% 40. Cho hn hp X gm KMnO4 v MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, d un nng (phn ng hon ton), thy thot ra kh Cl2. Xc nh % khi lng ca MnO2 trong hn hp X, bit rng HCl b kh chim 60% lng HCl phn ng. A. 26,9% B. 35,5% C. 52,4% D. 45,2%

Gv Phan Van Nhan