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BI GING SAP2000 - PHN C BN

BIN SON: NGUYN ANH DN

CNG MN HC
Phn 1: L thuyt c bn v gii thiu phn mm SAP2000
I. Gii thiu v phn mm SAP2000
II. S lc v phng php Phn t hu hn
III. Mt s khi nim v thut ng trong SAP
IV. Giao din ha ca SAP2000
Phn 2: Bi tp
Bi tp 1: V biu ni lc ca cc s kt cu:
Bi tp 2: Trng hp ti trng v t hp ti trng
Bi tp 3: Ti trng thay i
Bi tp 4: Khung phng
Bi tp 5: Dn phng
Bi tp 6: Khung phc tp
Bi tp 7: Khung khng gian
Bi tp 8: Dm trc giao
Bi tp 9: Thc hnh thit k nh

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BI GING SAP2000 - PHN C BN

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PHN 1:
L THUYT C BN V GII THIU PHN MM SAP2000
I. GII THIU V PHN MM SAP2000
+ SAP: l vit tt ca cm t Structure Analysis Program. L sn phm phn mm ca
hng CSI (Computer and Stucture Inc.)
+ S pht trin ca phn mm SAP bt u t nm 1970 ti nay vi cc phin bn:
SAP, SAP IV, SAP 86, SAP 90, SAP 2000
+ Hin nay phn mm SAP c th xem nh gii quyt c y cc bi ton kt cu
thng gp trong thc t, thn thin vi ngi dng v c nhiu nc trn th gii a
chung.
+ Phn mm SAP tnh ton kt cu da trn phng php Phn t hu hn, l phng
php s c s dng rng ri.
+ Hin nay c phin bn SAP2000 Version14 vi nhiu tnh nng mi c cp
nht. Trong tng lai phn mm ny vn lin tc c cp nht v pht trin p ng
hn na nhu cu ca ngi dng.

Hnh 1: M hnh cng trnh bng SAP2000

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II. S LC V PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN


II.1.Gii thiu chung
S tin b ca khoa hc, k thut i hi ngi k s thc hin nhng n ngy
cng phc tp, t tin v i hi chnh xc, an ton cao.
Phng php phn t hu hn (PTHH) l mt phng php rt tng qut v hu
hiu cho li gii s nhiu lp bi ton k thut khc nhau. T vic phn tch trng thi
ng sut, bin dng trong cc kt cu c kh, cc chi tit trong mt, my bay, tu thu,
khung nh cao tng, dm cu, v.v, n nhng bi ton ca l thuyt trng nh: l
thuyt truyn nhit, c hc cht lng, thu n hi, kh n hi, in-t trng v.v. Vi
s tr gip ca ngnh Cng ngh thng tin v h thng CAD, nhiu kt cu phc tp
cng c tnh ton v thit k chi tit mt cch d dng.
c th khai thc hiu qu nhng phn mm PTHH hin c hoc t xy dng ly
mt chng trnh tnh ton bng PTHH, ta cn phi nm c c s l thuyt, k thut
m hnh ha cng nh cc bc tnh c bn ca phng php.
II.2. Ri rc ha kt cu trong phng php PTHH
Gi s V l min xc nh ca mt i lng cn kho st no (chuyn v, ng
sut, bin dng, nhit , v.v.). Ta chia V ra nhiu min con ve c kch thc v bc t do
hu hn. i lng xp x ca i lng trn s c tnh trong tp hp cc min ve.
Phng php xp x nh cc min con ve c gi l phng php xp x bng cc
phn t hu hn, n c mt s c im sau:
Xp x nt trn mi min con ve ch lin quan n nhng bin nt gn vo nt ca
ve v bin ca n.
Cc hm xp x trong mi min con ve c xy dng sao cho chng lin tc trn ve
v phi tho mn cc iu kin lin tc gia cc min con khc nhau.
Cc min con ve c gi l cc phn t.

(ve)

(V)
Hnh 2: Ri rc ha kt cu bng SAP2000

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II.3. Qui tc chia min thnh cc phn t


Vic chia min V thnh cc phn t ve phi tho mn hai qui tc sau:
Hai phn t khc nhau ch c th c nhng im chung nm trn bin ca chng. iu
ny loi tr kh nng giao nhau gia hai phn t. Bin gii gia cc phn t c th l cc
im, ng hay mt (Hnh 1.1).
Tp hp tt c cc phn t ve phi to thnh mt min cng gn vi min V cho trc
cng tt. Trnh khng c to l hng gia cc phn t.
v1

v2

bin gii

v2
v1
bin gii

v1

v2
bin gii

Hnh3: Cc dng bin chung gia cc phn t


II.4. Phng trnh c bn ca phng php PTHH
Phng trnh c bn ca phng php PTHH:
[K]e.[u]e = [F]e
Trong :

[K]e: Ma trn cng ca PTHH, cha cc c trng c hc v hnh hc ca


PTHH. l ma trn vung, i xng.

[u]e: Vc t chuyn v nt

[F]e: Vc t lc nt tc dng ti nh, tng ng vi cc thnh phn chuyn v


nt, cn gi l lc nt tng ng ca PTHH

II.5. S tnh ton bng phng php PTHH


Mt chng trnh tnh bng PTHH thng gm cc khi chnh sau:
Khi 1: c cc d liu u vo: Cc d liu ny bao gm cc thng tin m t nt v
phn t (li phn t), cc thng s c hc ca vt liu (mun n hi, h s
dn nhit...), cc thng tin v ti trng tc dng v thng tin v lin kt ca kt
cu (iu kin bin);
Khi 2: Tnh ton ma trn cng phn t k v vct lc nt phn t f ca mi phn t;
Khi 3: Xy dng ma trn cng tng th K v vct lc nt F chung cho c h (ghp
ni phn t);
Khi 4: p t cc iu kin lin kt trn bin kt cu, bng cch bin i ma trn
cng K v vec t lc nt tng th F;
Khi 5: Gii phng trnh PTHH, xc nh nghim ca h l vct chuyn v chung U;
Khi 6: Tnh ton cc i lng khc (ng sut, bin dng, gradin nhit , v.v.) ;
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BI GING SAP2000 - PHN C BN

BIN SON: NGUYN ANH DN

S tnh ton vi cc khi trn c biu din nh hnh sau


c d liu u vo
- Cc thng s c hc ca vt liu
- Cc thng s hnh hc ca kt cu
- Cc thng s iu khin li
- Ti trng tc dng
- Thng tin ghp ni cc phn t
- iu kin bin

Tnh ton ma trn cng phn t k


Tnh ton vct lc nt phn t f
Xy dng ma trn cng K v vct lc chung F
p t iu kin bin
(Bin i cc ma trn K v vec t F)
Gii h phng trnh KQ = F
(Xc nh vct chuyn v nt tng th Q)
Tnh ton cc i lng khc
(Tnh ton ng sut, bin dng, kim tra bn, v.v)
In kt qu
- In cc kt qu mong mun
- V cc biu , th

Hnh 3. S khi ca chng trnh PTHH


III. MT S KHI NIM V THUT NG TRONG SAP
III.1.Bi ton:
- Tnh hc.
- ng hc: Dao ng ring, Ph phn ng (Ti trng ng t, Ti trng thay i
theo thi gian).
- Bi ton Cu: Ti trng di ng.
- Bi ton n nh: n nh hnh hc ( P-Delta)
- Bi ton thit k tit din: BTCT(Reinforce Concrete); KC thp (Steel). KC thanh
III.2. H ta
- H ta tng th (Global Coordinate)
- H ta a phng (Local Coordinate)

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III.3. Kiu phn t


- Thanh =Frame
- Tm = Shell, plate, membrance
- Asolid: Trng thi phng.
- Solid: Phn t khi.
III.4. Nt (Joints)
- im lin kt cc phn t.
- im xc nh chuyn v
- im xc nh iu kin bin
- Ti trng tp trung (tr ti tp trung trn Frame).
- Khi lng tp trung (Bi ton ng).
III.5. Lin kt
- Lin kt: Lin kt cng (Restraints), Lin kt n hi (Spring). Mt nt c 6 bc t
do: U1, U2, U3 (thng); R1, R2, R3 (Xoay).
- Translation U1, U2, U3= UX,UY,UZ
- Rotation R1, R2, R3 = RX, RY, RZ)
III.6. Trnh t vo s liu trong SAP2000
- To s tnh: To trn giy
- To s hnh hc (Draw v Edit):
- To s kt cu (Define v Assign): nhp c trng tit din, ti trng
- Chn la phn tch
- Bi ton thit k.
IV. GIAO DIN HA CA SAP2000

Toolbar
Area draw

Quick draw

Unit

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Cc trnh n c bn:
+ File: To mi hoc m mt file c sn, nhp v xut cc kt qu lin quan, hiu
chnh kt qu in.
+ Edit: Hiu chnh s kt cu
+ View: Cc la chn v gc nhn, hng nhn phi cnh v ha
+ Define: nh ngha cc c trng ca kt cu: vt liu, tit din, iu kin bin, ti
trng
+ Draw: Nhp s hnh hc ca kt cu
+ Select: La chn phn t v nhm phn t
+ Assign: Gn thuc tnh cho cc i tng c chn
+ Analyze: La chn kiu phn tch
+ Display: Hin th trn mn hnh cc thuc tnh phn t
+ Design: Thit k kt cu

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PHN 2: BI TP
Bi tp 1: V biu ni lc ca cc s kt cu:
a)
10KN/m
8KN/m

5KN/m

c)

b)

5KN/m

8KN/m
6

10KN

1.5

10KN

5KN/m

1.5

10KN

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Bi tp 2: Trng hp ti trng v t hp ti trng


Cho s vi cc trng hp ti trng , v biu ni lc cho cc t hp ti
trng sau:
T hp 1 = Bn thn + Tnh ti
T hp 2 = Bn thn + Tnh ti + Hot ti 1
T hp 3 = Bn thn + Tnh ti + Hot ti 2
T hp 4 = T hp bao ca cc t hp trn
a) Dm BTCT c c trng:
+ Kch thc bxh = 25x40 (cm)
+ M un n hi ca b tng: E = 2.9e7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.25
Tnh ti
5KN/m

2.0

10KN

2.5

Hot ti 1

2.0

2.5

3.0

10KN/m

3.0

5.0

Hot ti 2
12KN/m

2.0

8KN/m

3.0

5.0

a) Dm thp c c trng:
Tnh ti

+ Kch thc I300x200x8x10


+ M un n hi ca thp:
E = 2e8 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.25

5KN/m

3.0
Hot ti 1

3.0
10KN/m

3.0

3.0

Hot ti 2
10KN/m

3.0

3.0
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Bi tp 3: Ti trng thay i
a. Xc nh ni lc trong dm b tng ct thp c c trng sau:
+ Kch thc bxh = 30x60 (cm)
+ M un n hi ca b tng: E = 2.1e7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
Ti trng: Tnh ti phn b u 5KN/m v cc trng hp hot ti nh sau:
Hot ti 1

12KN/m

4.0

8.0

Hot ti 2
10KN/m

1.0

2.0

10KN/m

1.0

20KN/m

2.0

4.0

2.0

b. Xc nh ni lc trong dm thp c c trng sau:


+ Kch thc I 300x250x8x12
+ M un n hi ca thp: E = 2e8 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
Ti trng: Tnh ti phn b u 5KN/m v cc trng hp hot ti nh sau:
10KN/m

Hot ti 1

4.0

4.0

4.0

Hot ti 2
10KN/m

10KN/m

4.0

4.0

Hot ti 3

4.0

15KN/m

10KN/m

1.0

2.0

10KN/m

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

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Bi tp 4: Khung phng
a. Xc nh ni lc trong khung BTCT :
+ Tit din dm nh hnh v (cm)
+ B tng mc 250: E = 2.65e7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
Ti trng: Tnh ti phn b u 3KN/m trn dm v cc trng hp hot ti :
8KN/m

8KN/m
20KN

20KN
D22x40

D22x40

D22x40

D22x40

C25x25
Hot ti 2

C25x25

3.0

C25x25
12KN/m

12KN/m
D22x40

C25x25

C25x25

4.0

D22x40

6.0

30KN

3.0

D22x40

6.0

30KN

D22x40

C25x25

C25x25

4.0

4.0

4.0

b. Xc nh ni lc trong khung thp c c trng sau:


+ Kch thc I 300x250x8x12
+ M un n hi ca thp: E = 2e8 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
Ti trng: Tnh ti phn b u 5KN/m trn dm v cc trng hp hot ti:
2.5

2.5

11KN/m

11KN/m

2L75x75x6

15KNm

15KNm

3.0

25KN
1.5

Hot ti 2

2L75x75x6

25KN

3.0

Hot ti 1

1.5

2L75x75x6

2L75x75x6

5.0

5.0

2.5

2.5

11KN/m

15KNm

3.0

25KN
1.5

Hot ti 3

2L75x75x6

2L75x75x6

5.0

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3.0

C25x25

3.0

Hot ti 1

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Bi tp 5: Dn phng
Cho dn thp c c trng sau:
+ Kch thc thanh cnh thng v cnh h: 2L75x75x6
+ Kch thc thanh ng v xin: L75x75x6
+ M un n hi ca thp: E = 2e8 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
Yu cu: V biu ni lc cho h dn
Hnh a:
Tnh ti
26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

1.0

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

26KN

1.0

1.0

Hot ti

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

4KN/m

1.0

4KN/m

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Hnh b:
Tnh ti
22KN

1.0

22KN

22KN

22KN

22KN

22KN

22KN

Hot ti

1.0

4KN/m

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Bi tp 6: Khung phc tp
Cho khung nh hnh v , cc s liu nh sau:
+ Vt liu B tng ct thp mc 300, E = 2.65E7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.2
+ Trng lng ring b tng: 25KN/m3
+ Kch thc ct 40 x 40 cm
+ Kch thc dm 30 x 40 cm
Yu cu:
+ V s hnh hc ca khung bng 2 cch khc nhau,
+ V biu ni lc cho khung
Hnh a:

5.0

5KN/m

5.0

5KN/m

5.0

5KN/m

5.0

5KN/m

5.0

5KN/m

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

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Hnh b:

3
3

5KN/m

5KN/m

7KN/m

7KN/m

7KN/m

7KN/m

5KN/m

4KN/m

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

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Bi tp 7: Khung khng gian


Cho mt bng khung nh 3 tng nh hnh v , cc s liu nh sau:
+ Vt liu B tng ct thp mc 300, E = 2.65E7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
+ Trng lng ring b tng: 25KN/m3
+ Kch thc ct, dm nh hnh v
+ Ti trng phn b u trn cc dm tng 2,3 l: 12KN/m
+ Ti trng phn b u trn cc dm tng mi l: 7KN/m
Yu cu:
+ V s hnh hc ca khung bng 2 cch khc nhau,
+ V biu ni lc cho khung
Hnh a
C(220x220)

C(220x220)

4.0

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

C(220x220)

C(220x220)
8.0

C(220x220)
C(220x220)

D(220x350)
C(220x220)

4.0

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)
C(220x220)

5.0

C(220x220)
5.0

10.0

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Hnh b
C(220x220)

C(220x220)

D(220x400)

5.0

D(220x350)

D(220x400)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x400)

C(220x220)

C(220x220)

D(220x400)

C(220x220)

D(220x400)

D(220x400)

C(220x220)

C(220x220)

5.0

C(220x220)

D(220x400)

D(220x400)

C(220x220)
C(220x220)

C(220x220)

6.0

6.0
12.0

PAGE: 16

15.0

5.0

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

D(220x350)

C(220x220)

BI GING SAP2000 - PHN C BN

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Bi tp 8: Dm trc giao
Cho h dm giao nh hnh v sau:

Yu cu:Xc nh ni lc trong cc dm v phn lc gi trong hai trng hp:


Trng hp 1:
Vt liu B tng ct thp mc 300, E = 2.65E7 KN/m2
H s Poission 0.18
Dm ngang kch thc 25x40 cm
Dm dc kch thc 30x40 cm
Lc phn b trn dm ngang 4KN/m
Lc phn b trn dm dc 6KN/m
Ti tp trung P = 20KN, mmen M = 5KNm
Trng hp 2:
Vt liu thp CT34, E = 2.1 E8 KN/m2
H s Poission 0.25
Dm ngang kch thc H250x150x6x8
Dm dc kch thc H250x200x6x8
Lc phn b trn dm ngang 5KN/m
Lc phn b trn dm dc 6KN/m
Ti tp trung P = 24KN, mmen M = 7KNm

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Bi tp 9: Thit k nh
Cho mt bng mt s bn v thit k nh 3 tng
+ Vt liu B tng ct thp mc 250, E = 2.1E7 KN/m2
+ H s Poisson: 0.3
+ Trng lng ring b tng: 25KN/m3
+ Chiu cao mi tng 3m
+ Kch thc ct 22x22 cm
+ Kch thc dm nh bn v
+ Sn dy 10cm
Ti trng:
+ Tnh ti tng phn b u trn dm tng: 7KN/m
+ Tnh ti tng phn b u trn dm mi: 2KN/m
+ Tnh ti phn b trn sn: 1.5 KN/m2
+ Hot ti phn b trn sn: 2 KN/m2
Yu cu: Xc nh ni lc trong ct, dm, sn v phn lc chn ct trong
trng hp nguy him nht

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MT BNG 01

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BIN SON: NGUYN ANH DN

MT BNG 02
D1(22X40)

D5(22X40)

D5(22X40)

D5(22X40)

D5(22X40)

D5(22X40)

DT2(22X40)

D3(11X40)

D5(22X40)

D4(22X40)

DT3(22X40)

D1(22X40)

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