TIU CHUN VIT NAM

Nhm 1

THUC TH Phng php chun b dung dch ch th

TCVN 4373-86 C hiu lc t Ngy 1-1-1988

Tiu chun ny thay th cho phn 1 ca TCVN 1057-71 v quy nh phng php chun b cc dung dch ch th , cc hn hp ch th , cc loi giy ch th thng dng nht trong phn tch ho hc 1. CH DN CHUNG 1.1Chun b dung dch cc cht ch th c ngin nh trong ci m no . 1.2. cn lng cn cc cht ch th vi chnh xc 0,001 g 1.3. Khi cn ho tan nng cc cht ch th th phi un nng trn ni cch thu . 1.4 . chun b dung dch cc cht ch th , cc hn hp ch th , cn dng cc thuc th ph loi tinh khit ho hc hoc tinh khit phn tch sau y : Amoni hiroxit ( amoniac ) , dung dch 25 % v 5 5 trong nc : Axeton Axetinitril; Axit atcobic Axit axetic bng v dung dch nc 30 % ; Axit clohiric c , dung dch 0,02 n v 0,1 n ; Acxit nitric c ; Axit propionic ; Axit sunfuric c ; Benzen ; Cacbon tetraclorua ; Ch axetat ; Clobenzen Clorofom; imetyl fomatmit; ioxan ;

ng sunfat , dung dch 1 n ; Etanol ( ru etylic ) ; Ety etylic ; Ete petrol ; Izopropanol ( ru izopropylic ); Kali clorua ; Kali iodat ; Kali iodua ; Kali nitrat ; Metanola ( ru metylic c ); Natri cacbonat khan , dung dch 0,2 % ; Natri clorua ; Natri hiroxit ( xt n da ) , dung dch 0,02 n chun b cc dung dch ch th v 0,1 N chun b cc loi giy ch th : Natri tetraborat ( borac ) , dung dch 0,05 n ; Nc ct hai ln ; St ( II ) sunfat ngm 7 nc ; Tinh bt d tan 1.5. chun b cc loi giy ch th cn dng giy lc khng tro hoc giy lc ra k v sy kh . Giy lc c ra bng axit clohiric 0,1 N , sau bng nc v bng amoniac 5 % , ra li bng nc v sy kh . 1.6. Khong pH chuyn mu ca dung dch cc cht ch th axit baz c xc nh theo cc hn hp m chun b theo TCVN 4320-86 . Ln lt cho vo 6 ng nghim kh sch , c ng knh bng nhau lm t thu tinh khng mu , mi ng 5 ml cc dung dch m sau y : hai ng u c gi tr pH ch ra trong bng 1 ( ct 2 ) bn ng cn li c gi tr pH thp hn gi tr pH th nht 0,2 ;0,2 v cao hn gi tr pH th hai 0,2 ; 0,4 . Thm vo mi ng nghim 0,05 ml dung dch ch th , lc u v quna st mu sc ca cc dung dch trn nn thu tinh magu sa trong nh sng truyn qua . Su ng nghim c xp theo chiu tng dn ca gi tr pH . Hai ng u mu phi nh nhau v tng ng vi mu ca vng axit hn ( bng 1 , ct 3 ) . Hai ng sau cng cn phi c mu nh nhau v tng ng vi vng baz hn ( bng 1 , ct 3) . Hai ng gia phi quan st thy s bin i u tin ca mu theo hng ny hay hng khc . 1.7. Ch bo qun cc dung dch v hn hp ch th ch ti hoc trong l thu tinh sm mu . 1.8. Cc ch th axit baz quy nh trong bng 1 v 2 : Cc hn hp ch th axit baz quy nh trong bng 3 ; Cc ch th hp ph quy nh trong bng 4 ; Cc ch th to phc quy nh trong BNG 5 ; Cc ch th oxy ho - kh quy nh trong bng 6 ;

Cc ch th c bit quy nh trong bng 7 ; Cc ch thi hunh quang quy nh trong bng 8 ; Cc ch th axit baz ln quang quy nh trong bng 9 ; Cc ch th oxy ho kh ln quang quy nh trong bng 10 . Cc loi giy ch th quy nh trong bng 11 ; Cc ch th chun b khng nc quy nh trong bng 12 ; Cc hn hp ch th chun khng nc quy nh trong bng 13 . 2.2. Bng lit k cc ch th axit baz theo dy tng dn gi tr ca pH chuyn mu : Bng 2 Khong pH chuyn mu 1 0,1-2,0 0,2-1,8 1,2-2,4 1.2-2.8 1.2-2.8 1.2-2.8 1.2-3.2 1.4-3.2 2.0-3.4 2.4-4.0 2.6-4.0 2.8-4.4 2.8-5.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.4 3.0-4.6 3.0-5.2 3.6-5.6 3.6-5.2 3.8-5.4 4.0-5.8 Tn ch th 2 Malachit lc Cresola Metanila vng m.Cresola ta Xynnola xanh Timola xanh Pentametoxy Tropeolin 00 Benzila da cam 2,6 Dimitrophenol Iodeosin 2,4 initrophenola Hexametoxy imetyla vng Metyla da cam Bromphenola xanh Cng g P . Etoxycryzoidinclorua Alizerin S Bromeresola lc 2,6 - initrophenol S thay i mu 3 T vng sang xanh lc T sang vng T tm sang vng ti T hng sang vng T sang vng T sang vng T tm sang khng mu T sang vng T sang vng T khng mu sang vng T da cam sang tm T khng mu sang vng T hng sang khng ma T sang vng T sang vng T vng sang xanh T xanh sang tm T sang vng T vng sang ta T vng sang xanh T khng mu sang vng S mc theo bng 4 2.1.25 2.1.12 2.1.26 2.1.13 2.1.45 2.1.39 2.1.34 2.1.41 2.1.5 2.1.17 2.1.23 2.1.16 2.1.21 2.1.15 2.1.27 2.1.8 2.1.11 2.1.20 2.1.1 2.1.7 2.1.18

4.4-6.2 4.4-6.2 5.0-6.6 5.0-7.0 5.0-8.0 5.2-6.8 5.6-7.6 6.0-7.6 6.2-7.6 6.2-8.0 6.8-8.0 6.8-8.4 6.8-8.6 7.2-8.6 7.4-9.0 7.4-8.6 7.4-8.6 7.6-9.0 8.0-9.6 8.0-9.6 8.2-9.8 8.2-10.0 9.4-10.6 9.4-14.0 10.0-12.0 10.0-12.0 10.0-11.8 11.0-13.0 11.4-13.0

Lacmoit Metyla Clophenola o-Nitrophenola Qu Bromeresola ta P.Nitrophenola Bromtimola xanh Nitrasin vng Axit hng trung tnh Phenola m-Nitrophenola Crola m-Cresola ta a- Naftolftalin Trepeolin 000 s 2 Trepeolin 000 s 1 Xylenola xanh Timola xanh O- Cresolftalin Phnolphtalin Timolftalin Xanh kim 6 B Alizarin vng JJ Alizarin vng R Trepeolin 000 s 2 Tepeolin 0 Malachit lc

T sang xanh T sang vng T vng sang tm T khng mu sang vng T sang xanh T vng sang tm T khng mu sang vng T vng sang xanh T vng sang xanh tm T vng sang T sang vng T vng sang T khng mu sang vng T vng sang ta T vng sang tm T hng vng sang xanh lc T vng sang hng T vng sang T vng sang xanh T vng sang xanh T khng mu sang tm T khng mu sang tm T khng mu sang xanh T tm sang hng T vng sng sang da cam sm T vng sng sang sm T hng sang T vng sang da cam T xanh lc sang khng mu

2.1.24 2.1.28 2.1.10 2.1.32 2.1.37 2.1.6 2.1.33 2.1.9 2.1.30 2.1.4 2.1.19 2.1.35 2.1.31 2.1.12 2.1.13 2.1.29 2.1.43 2.1.42 2.1.45 2.1.39 2.1.14 2.1.36 2.1.38 2.1.14 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.43 2.1.40 2.1.35

11.6-14.0

Inigo cacmin

T xanh sang vng

2.1.22

2.4. cc ch th axit baz hn hp

Bng 3

Cc hp cht to thnh ca ch th pH chuyn hn hp mu 1 2.1.3.imetyla vng Metylen xanh 2.3.2. Metyla da cam Inigocac min 2 3.2 4.1

S i mu 3 T tm xanmh sang lc T tm sang lc

Chun b dung dch ch th 4

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca cc du dch ch th 0,1 % trong ru

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca dung d metylada cam 0,1 % trong nc v inigocacmin 0,25 % trong nc .

2.3.3. Bromereso la lc Metyla

5.1

T tm sang lc

Trn 3 phn th tch bromeres ola lc 0 % trong ru vi 1 phn th tch metyl 0,2 % trong ru

2.3.4. Metyla Metylen xanh 2.3.5. Brom cresola tm (mui natri). Bromtimola xanh (mui natri ) 2.3.6. trung tnh Metylen xanh 2.3.7. Bromtimo la xanh ( mui natri ) Plenola 2.3.8. Cresola (mui natri ) Timola xanh (mui natri) 2.3.9. Timola xanh Fnolftalin

5.4

T tm sang lc

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca dung metyl 0,2% trong ru v metylen x 0,1% trong ru . Khi chun b tng dung dch ch th tr cn un nh trn ni cch thu .

6.7 7.0 7.5 8.3 9.0

T tm xanh vng sang xanh tm T tm sang lc T vng sang tm T vng sang tm T vng sang tm

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca cc du dch ch th 0,1 % trong ru

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca cc du dch ch th 0,1 % trong nc

Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca cc du dch ch th 0,1 % trong nc

Trn 1 th tch dung dch cresola 0, trong nc voqi 3 th tch dung dch timola xanh 0,1 % trong nc .

Trn q1 th tch dung dch 0,1 % ca timola xanh trong ru vi 3 th tch d

dch fnolftalin 0,1 % trong ru 2.3.10.Fenolftalin Timolftalin 9.6 1.0-10.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

T khng mu sang Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca cc du tm dch ch th 0,1 % trong ru T hng sang tm Hng Hng Da cam Da cam Da cam vng Vng chanh Lc vng Xanh lc Xanh bin Tm

2.3.11. Ch th vn nng (imetyla vng Metyla bromtimola xanh Fenolftalin Timolftalin)

C th chun b ch th vn nng bng 2 phng php a) Hotan 0,1 g ch th vn nng kh (d c sn ) vo 80 ml ru etylic v un n nh . Sau khi tan ch th ngui v d nc nh mc dung dch n 100 ml . b) trn cc dung dch ch th 0,1% tron ru theo t l v th tch sau : imetyla vng 15 Metyla -5 Bromtimola xanh 20 Timolftalin -20 Fnolftalin-20

2.4 Cc ch th hp ph Bng 4

Tn, cng thc v khi Ion cn xc Khi chun phn t ca ch th nh bng ion 1 2 3 2.4.1 Alizarin S (xem iu 2.1.1) 2.4.2 Hng bengan 3,6Diclo-2,4,5,7-tetraiodfluoretxeein C20H6C'12I4O5 M=905,22 CNS Fe (CN)6-4 (MoO4)2I-

S i mu 4 T vng sang

Chun b dung dch 5 Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

Ag+ Pb2+

Ag+

T sang tm

Ho tan 0,5 g )ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic

2.4.3 Bromphenola xanh Br , Cl-, CNS( xem iu 2.1.8) 2.4.4 Eosin.MuI dinatri Br-, Cl-, I-,

Ag+ Ag+

T vng sang xanh T da cam

Ho tan 0,05 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo

ca ttrabromfluorexein C20H6Br4Na2O5 M= 691,86 2.4.5 Eritrozin. Mui dinatri ca tetra iodfluoretxein C20H6I4Na2O5 M= 879,86 2.4.6Eluoretxein 6-oxi9-(0-cacboxyphenyl)fluoron C20H12O5 M= 332,31 2.4.7 Diclofluoretxein 3,3-Diclofluoretxein C20H10Cl2O5 M= 401,20 2.4.8 Diphenyl cacbazit 1,5-Diphenyl cacbohydraxit C13H14N4O M= 242,28 2.4.9 Diphenyl cacbazon 1,5-Diphenyl cacbazon C13H8N4O M=240,26 2.4.10 Iodeosin Tetraiodfluoretxein C20H8I4O M=835,90 2.4.11Roamin6J Etylete cu dietylaminoocacboxyphenylxantenylclorua C10H27CI2O3 M= 150,96

CNS-

sang tm

100 ml nc

( MoO4)2I-

Pb2+ Ag+

T sang tm xm Ho tan 1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc T da cam sang tm

Br-, Cl-, I-, CNSClBrI-

Ag+

T vng lc sang hng

Ho tan nng 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 70 ml ru etylic v dng nc nh mc n 100 ml.

Ag+

T vng lc sang

IClBr -

Hg2+

Ho tan nng 1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic. T lam sng Dung dch ung c sau sang tm 5 ngy t sau khi pha.Cn T lc lam n bo qun dung dch trong xanh bin bnh thu tinh sm mu.Dung dch bn trong 60 ngy

Cl Br I-

Hg2+

T lam sng sang tm

Ho tan nng 1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic.

Br-

Ag+

T da cam sang tm

Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 mml ru etylic

Br-

Ag+

T da cam sang tm

Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.4.12 Tetrazin. Mui trinatri ca axit( 5-oxit1(p-sunfanyl)-4[(psunfanyl)-azo]pyrazolin cacboxylic C16H9N4Na3O9S M=534,37

ClBrICNS-

Ag

T lc vng sang gch vng

Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.5 Cc cht ch th to phc Bng 5 Mu ca cht ch th Tn, cng thc v khi Ion cn xc Khi khng lng phn t ca cht ch nh c mt cc th cation 1 2.5.1 A xit calconcacboxylic(canxex,ch th paton Ride) Axit 2-oxi-1(2-oxi(4-sunfolnaltylazo)naftalin-cacboxylic C21H14N2O7S M=348,42 2.5.2 Axit sunfosalisilic C7H6O6S M=218,18 2.5.3 Berilon P Mui tetra natri ca axit 5-Oxinaftalin3,8-diunfonic-(-1-azo-2)-1,8 dioxinaftalin 3,6-diunfonic C20H10N2Na4O16S.4H2O Mg 2+ Fe3+ Zn4+ Ho tan 10 g ch th trong ci m no v dng nc nh mc dung dch n 100 ml Ho tan 0,06 g ch th vo 100 ml nc.Dung dch dng tt trong 2 3 Khi c mt cc cation 4 Chun b dung dch ch th hoc hn hp ch th 5 Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi natri clorua trong ci m no

Ca2+

Xanh lam(trong mi trng kim

nho

Vng (trong mi trng axit)

Anh o ti

Tm(trong mi trng kim)

Xanh bin

M 810,56

vng 30 ngy.

Ca2+,Sr2+ 2.5.4 Canxin( fluoretxon) 2',7'-bis(N,Ndi(cacboxymytyl)aminometyl fluorexin C30H26N2O13 M 622,54 Ba2+ Cu2+ Mn
2+

Hng, pht hunh quang yu

Hunh quang lc ti

Co2+ Fe3+

Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali clorua trong ci m no. Bo qun hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu c nt mi kn. Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc.Dung dch dng tt trong vng 7 ngy. Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc.Dung dch dng tt trong vng 30 ngy.

2.5.5 Canxion. Mui penta natri ca axit 1,1'1'',8''tetraoxi-(8,2'8,2''-bis-azotrinaftalin-)-3,6,3',6',3''hexasunfonic C30H15N4Na2O25S6 M 1108,78

Ca2+

Mu nc bin ti trong mi trng kim

mn

2.5.6 Crom xanh K axit. Mui trinatri ca axit 1,8 oxi3,6'-disunfo-2 naftylazo-2oxibenzen-4-sunfonic C16H9Na3O1S23 M 586,40

Ca2+ Mg 2+

2.5.7 Cromazuroi S. Mui trinatri ca axit 2,6icloimetylsunfoxitfucsondicacboxylic C23H13Cl2Na3O9S M 605,28 2.5.8 3,3' imetylnaftydin 4,4diamino-3,3'dimetyl 1-1,1binaftyl C22H20N2

Fe 3+ ,Al3+ Cu2+ ,Ca2+ Mg2+, Ni2+

Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali clorua Xanh lam trong ci trong mi Hng m no. trng Bo qun kim hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu, c nt mi kn. Ho tan 0,1 g ch th Da vo 100 ml Xanh lc(vi st),tm(vi cam(trong nc.Dung canxi,magi,nhm,niken),xanh mi trng dch dng bin(vi ng) axit) tt trong vng 15 ngy. Vng lc (trong mi trng kim) Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml axit axetic nng 99-100 % Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali clorua trong ci m no. Bo qun hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu,

Zn2+, Cd2+

M312,42 2.5.9 Eriocrom en T. Mui Ca2+ Xanh bin natri ca axit 1-[(1(-oxi-2(trong mi naftyl)-azol-6-nitro-2-naftol- Mg2+ Mn2+ trng 4sunfonic kim) Cd2+ C20H12N3NaO7S Hg2+Zn2Pb2+ M461,38

Khng 2+ 2+ 2+ mu (trong Cu Ni Pb mi trng axit)

Tm

Tm

c nt mi kn hoc: ho tan 0,2 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali clorua trong ci m no. Bo qun hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu, c nt mi kn Nghin 0,1 g ch th vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali clorua trong ci m no. Bo qun hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu, c nt mi kn

2.5.10 Glixintimola xanh C33H40N2O9S M461,38 Cu2+

Vng lc (trong mi trng axit)

Xanh bin

2.5.11 Metyltimola xanh. Mui tetranatri ca 3,3 bisN,N-di (cacboxymetyl)amino-metyltimolsunfoftalein C37H49N2Na4O13S M 844,74

Mg2+ Ba2+ Sr2+ Cd

2+

Vng (trong mi trng axit) Xm(trong mi trng kim)

Xanh bin

Bi Pb Hg La Mn Co

Zn Tn Ca Se Zn

2.5.12 N-(p.metoxyphenyl pphenylendiamin hydro clorua.Variamino xanh hidro clorua C13H14N2O.HCl M250,74 Hoc axit N-(pmetoxyphmel)-pphenylendiamin sunfurie.Variamino xanh sunfat C13H14N2O.H2SO4 M 312,35 2.5.13 Murexit C8H8N6O6.H2O M302,20

Fe Cd Cu Pb Zn Al Zn4+ Vng Tm xanh Ho tan 1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

Cu Co Ca Mn

Tm Da cam(vi canxi) Nghin 0,1 xanh(pH g ch th ln hn 6) Vng(v i ng v niken). vi 10 g natri clorua hoc kali (vi coban) clorua trong ci m no. Bo qun

Ni Zn Vng (trong mi trng Cu Co Ca Zn trung Cd Fe Al Si tnh).Vng lc(trong mi trng axit)

2.5.14 PAN 1-(2'- piridin-azo)-2-naftol C H NO M 219,27

15 11 3

tm-vi ng

2.5.15 PAR 4-(2 piridin-az0)-rezoxin C13H9O2N3 M 173,20 Vng(trong mi trng trung tnh hoc axit

2.5.16 Pirocattechin tm Axit 3,3',4' trioxyfacaon 2-sunfonic C19H14O7S M 386,37

hn hp trong l thu tinh sm mu, c nt mi kn Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic.Dung dch dng tt trong vng 30 ngy Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic hoc ho tan 0,1 g mui dinatri ca ch th vo 100 ml nc Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc. Dung dch tt trong vng 30 ngy. Ho tan 0,05 g ch th va 100 ml ru etylic 50 %

2.6 Cc cht ch th oxy ho kh

Tip theo bng 6

Tn cng thc v Mu ca Th oxy ho tiu Mu ca khi lng phn t dng oxy Chun b dung dch ch th chun(E0) V dng kh ca cht ch th ho 1 2 3 4 5 2.6.1 Cc cht ch th km nhy i vi s thay i pH v lc ion ca dung dch 2.6.1.1 Axit phenylantrannilic Axit diphenylamino2-cacboxylic C13H11NO2 M 213,23 2.6.1.2 Diphenylamin C12H11N M 169,23 2.6.1.3 Diphenylamino sunfonat natri C12H10N NaO3S M 271,27 2.6.1.4 p-Etoxycryzo idinclorua( xem iu 2.1.20) 2.6.1.5 Feroin phc O-phenantrolin vi Fe2+ Fe(C12H8N2) 3SO4 M 692,52 2.6.1.6 O-Tolidin 3,3' dimetyl-4,4'Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml nc +0,76 Tm Khng mu Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml axit sunfuric +1,08 Tm Ho tan nng 0,1 g chit th Khng mu vo 100 ml dung dch natri cabonat

+0,84

Tm

Khng mu

+1,00

Vng

Ho tan 0,2 g ch th vo 100 ml ru Ho tan 0,71 g st (II) sunfat.7 nc(FeSO4.7H2O) vo 100 ml nc, thm 1,49 g O-phenantrolin v khuy n tan hon ton

+1,06

Xanh lam ti

+0,87

Xanh bin Khng mu Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml axit axetic 50%

iaminoiphenyl C14H16N2 M212,30

2.6.1.7 Xylenxianola FF Natri-s-dietyl p-aminoxidimetyl fuesonsunfat C25H27N2NaO7S2 M 554,6 2.6.2Cc ch th nhy i vi s thay i pH v lc ion ca dung dch: 2.6.2.1. trung tnh +0,24 pH 0 Ho tan 0,05 g ch th vo Khng mu 100 ml ru etylic 60% ( xem iu 2.1.1 9) -0,32 PH 7 2.6.2.2 Metylen xanh Tetrametyldiamino diphenazolthion clorua C16H18ClN3S.3H2O M373,90 2.6.2.3 N (-pmetoxyphenyl)-pphenylendiamin baz (Variamin xanh) C16H14N2O M 214,27 N-(p-metoxyphenyl)p-phenylendiamin hydroclorua +1,00 Hng Xanh lc Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

0,53 pH 0 0,01 pH7

Xanh bin Khng mu

Ho tan nng 1 g ch th vo 50 ml ru etylic

+0,71 pH 0 +0,6 pH 2

+0,47 pH 7

Nghin 0,2 g ch th vi mt vi tinh th axit atcobic, sau chit 4 ln b nghin bng tng lng 5 ml nc. Gp chung nc chit vo Xanh bin Khng mu phuchit dung tch 150 ml, thm 5 ml dung dch natri hidroxit v 20 ml benzen, lc hn hp v lc dung dch vo mt phu chit khc qua giy lc tm t.Lc lp nc Khng mu hai ln, mi ln vi 5 ml benzen vo phu chit dung tch 150 ml v thm 20 ml

( xem mc 2.5.12 )

N-(p-meoxyphenyl)p- phenylendiamin sunfat ( xem iu 2.5.12) 2.6.2.4 Safranin T Hn hp ca dimetyl v trimetylphenosafranin C20H19ClN4 M 350,85 2.6.2.5 Xanh Nila A 2-Amino 7dieylamino 3,4benzophenozoxoni clorua C20H20ClN3O M 353,84 +0,41 pH 0 Xanh bin Khng mu

axit axetic 30 %. Lc , lc dung dch qua giy lc t. Dung dch ch th ny bn 20 ngy

+0,24 pH 0 -0,29 pH 7

nu

Khng mu

Ho tan 0,05 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.7 Cc cht ch th c bit Bng 7

Tn gi, cng thc v khi Lnh vc p lng phn t ca ch th dng 1 2

S thay i mu 3

Chun b dung dch ch th 4

23.7.1 A lizarin S ( xem iu 2.1.1) 2.7.2 Amoni-st (III) sunfat( phn st amoni ) NH4Fe(SO4)2.12H2O M 482,21 2.7.3 Diphenylcabazit (xem iu 2.4.8)

Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc. Ho tan khong 50 g thuc th vo 100 ml nc si ngui v thm axit nitric n khi khng cn chuyn mu, khi dung dch hon ton khng mu Ho tan nng 1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic. Dung dch dng tt sau 5 ngy t khi chun b. Bo qun dung dch trong l thu tinh sm mu. Dung dch bn trong vng 60 ngy. Ho tan nng 1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic. Bo qun dung dch trong l thu tinh sm mu. Dung dch bn trong vng 15 ngy Xut hin Trong phng huyn ph php bc mu nu

2.7.4 Diphenylcacbozon (xem iu 2.4.9) 2.7.5 Kali cromat K2CrO4 M194,17

Ho tan 5 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

Chun b dung dch bng mt trong hia cch sau : 1) Trn 0,5 g ch th vi 5 ml nc lnh, va khuy va rt t t hn hp vo 100 ml nc si v un si khong 2-3 pht. Nn dng dung dch mi chun b Trong phng To vi iot php iot mu tm xanh 2) Trn 5 g ch th vo 10 mg thu ngn iodua (HgI2) vi nc lnh to thnh dch xt (pte). Rt dch nhn c vo 1lit nc si. Tip tc un si 1-3 pht. ngui v rt dung dch vo l thu tinh nt mi. Dung dch dng tt mt thi gian di

2.7.6 Tinh bt d ho tan ( C6H0O5)n M(162,14)n

2.8 Cc ch th hunh quang Bng 8

Tn gi, cng thc v khi lng phn pH chuyn mu t ca cht ch th 1 2.8.1Acridin dibenzeopiridin M179,22 2.8.2 Axit salisilic 2 axit oxibenzoic C7H6O3 M138,12 2.8.3 (C umarin) 1.2 Benzopiron C9H6O2 M146,15 2.8.4 Eosin Mui dinatri ca tetrabrmfluoretxein C20H6Br4Na2O5 M 691,90 2.8.5 Mui dinatri ca 1,8 dioxinaftalin 3,6-disunfaoaxit 9,5 -10,5 2,5 -4,0 2 5,2 -6,6

S thay i mu hunh quang Chun b dung Trong mi trng Trong mi trng dch ch th axit kim 3 4 5 Lc Xanh tm Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic. Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

Xanh ti

Lc

Lc sng

Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic

3,0 -4,0

Lc

Ho tan 1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc.

3,1 -4,4

Xanh bin

Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

C10H6Na2O8S2. 2H2O M400,29 2.8.6. Mui natri ca fluoretxein C20H11NaO5 M 354,29 2.8.7 2-Naftol (-Naftol) C10H8O M 144,17 2.8.8 Quinnin hydrorua C20H24N2O2HCl. 2H2O M 396,91 3,0-5,00 9,5-10,0 Xanh bin Tm Tm Ho tan 0,2 g ch th vo 100 ml nc 8,5-9,5 Xanh bin Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml ru etylic 4,0- 4,5 Lc hng Lc Ho tan 1 g ch th vo nc

2.9. Cc ch th axit baz ln quang Bng 9

Tn gi, cng thc v khi lng phn t ca cht ch th 1 2.9.1 Lofin 2,4,5Triphenynlimidazol

Cht xc tc 2 K2[Fe ( CN)6] 8,5-9,0

pH chuyn mu 3 8,5-9,0

Mu pht quang Trong mi Trong mi trng axit trng kim 4 5 Trng vng

Chun b dung dch ch th 6 Ho tan 1 g ch th vo 100 ml axeton

C21H16N2 M 296,14 1 2.9.2 Luminola Hydrazil ca axit O-aminoftalic C8H7N3O2 M 177,16 2 K3[Fe (CN)6 Hoc Hemoglobin 3 8,5 -9,0 4 5 Xanh bin 6 Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.9.3 Luxinonin Dinitrat ca imetyldiacridin C26H22N2. 2HNO3 M 512,23 Ru etylic 7,5 -9,0 Xanh lc

Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.10 Cc ch th oxy ho-kh ln quang

Bng 10

Tn gi, cng Cht xc tc thc v khi lng phn t ca cht ch th 1 2

pH chuyn mu

Mu pht quang Trong mi Trong mi trng axit trng kim 4 5

Chun b dung dch ch th

2.10.1 Luminola (xem iu 2.9.2 ) 10-13 -

Xanh bin

Ho tan 0,1 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.10.2 Luxihenin ( xem iu 2.9.3) 10-13 Xanh lc

Ho tan 0,5 g ch th vo 100 ml nc

2.11. Cc loi giy ch th Bng 1 Cch chun b Tn gi 2.11.1.Giy cng g Tm giy lc bng dung dch ch th cng g ( chun b theo iu 2.11.1. ca tiu chun ny) . D tc dng ca dung dch axit clohiric 0,001 N , giy chuyn mu sang xanh tm . Chun b theo TCVN 1055-85 , iu 2.32. 2.11.2.Giy it- tinh bt 2.11.3. Giy iodat tinh bt 2.11.4. Giy ngh Chun b nh phn giy iot tinh bt ( 2.11.2. ) nhng thay kali iodua ( KI ) bng kali iodat ( KIO3) Ngm chit 20 g bt ngh khong 1 ngy trong 100 ml nc . Lc gn bt , sy kh v li ngm chit b bt mt ngy trong 100 ml ru etylic . Giy lc c ngm tm dung dch ngh trong ru va nhn c . Di tc dung ca dung dch natr hiroxit 0,004 N , mu vng ca giy phi lp tc chuyn thnh nu ( pH chuyn mu 7,5 -9,5 )

Tm giy lc bng dung dch fenolftalin 1 % ( chun b nh mc 2.1.36. ca tiu chun ny ) 2.11.5.Gy fenolftalin 211.6. Giy qu Tm giy lc bng dung dch qu , ( chun b nh iu 2.1.37 ca tiu chun ny ) . chun b giy qu . cn thm vo dung dch ch th axit clohiric 0,1 N cn chun b giy qu xanh , cn thm vo ch th dung dch natri hiroxit 0,1 N . lg axit hoc kim cn thm chuyn ung dch qu tm sang mu tng ng . Di tc dng ca dung dch natri hiroxit 0,00025 N trn giy qu hoc ca dung dch axit clohiric 0,0002 N trn giy qu xanh , mu giy phi chuyn trong vng 1 pht . Chun b theo TCVN 1055- 85 iu 2.31

2.11.7. Giy (hoc bng ) Cch chun b nh phn giy tm dung dch ch axetat bng dung dch ng sunfat 1 N ( ho tan 26,0 g CuSO4.5H2O vo 100 ml nc ) . tm dung dch ch axtat. 2.11.8. Giy tm dung dch ng sunfat 2.11.9. Giy ch th vn nng Tm giy lc bng dung dch ch th vn nng chun b nh iu 2.3.11.

2.12 Cc ch th chun khng nc Bng 12

Chuyn mu trong mi trng Tn gi, cng thc v khi lng phn t ca cht ch th Dung mi a) t kim sang axit b) t axit sang kim 3 Dng dung dch ch th

1 2.12.1 Alizarin vng R ( Xem iu 2.1.3 ) 2.1.2.2 Azoviolet (Azo tm ) 4-[ p. Nitrophenyl)azo].resoxin C12H9N3O4 M 259,22 2.1.23 Bromcrezola ta (xem iu 2.1.6) 2.12.4 Axeton-piridin Dimetylfomamit

Vng- xanh tm Dung dch ch th 0,2 % trong ( b) dimetylfomamit - xanh bin (b)

Dung dch axeton 0,2% trong benzen; etylendiamin; nbutylamin; piridin; Dimetylfomamit

( axit yu ) Vng-da camxanh tm (b) (axit mnh) da camxanh tm (b) (phenol) Dung dch ch th ta- vng (a) bo ho trong benzen Vng-da camxanh bin (b) Dung dch ch th bo ho trong Xanh bin- vng benzen (a) ta- hngvng- khng mu Dung dch ch th bo ho trong clobenzen Dung dch ch th bo ho trong benzen

Benzen; Clobenzen

Bromcrezola lc (xem Benzen; Clobenzen iu 2.1.7) 2.12.5 Bromphenola xanh ( xem iu 2.1.8) Clobenzen

2.12.6

Hexan; axeton; dioxan;

Cng g (xem iu Cloroform; 2.1.11) Dioxan 2.12.7 Crezola ( xem iu 2.1.12) 2.12.8 O-Crezolftalein ( xem iu 2.1.14) 2.12.9 Dimetyla vng ( xem iu 2.1.15) 2.12.10 trung tnh ( xem iu 2.1.19) 2.12.11 Malachit lc Tetrametyldiamino triphenylcacbinolanhidro oxalat Axit axetic Axit propienic Axit axetic anhidrit axetic Axeton iclometan; benzen; clobenzen, cloroform cacbontetraclorua Cloroform-cacbontetraclorua Axit axetix; axit propionic;

Dung dch ch th 0,1 % trong Vng-da cam (b) cloroform -xanhbin(a) Dung dch ch th 0,1 % trong ru metylic. Vng-hng- (a) Dung dch ch th 0,5 % trong hn hp axit axetic vi clobenzen( 1+1) Dung dch ch th 1 % trong hn hp ru metylic vi cloroform(1+ 1)

Khng mutm-hng

Dung dch ch th Vng-hng (a) 0,1 g trong cloroform

-vng, trong Dung dch ch th 1 trng hp cc % trong ru axit v c (b) metylic

Lc xanh-lc vng (a) Vng lc-lc vng (b)

Dung dch ch th 0,5 % trong axit axetic

C52H54N4O12 M 927,01 Hoc Tetrametyl Diaminotriphenyl cacbinol hidroclorua ( xem iu 2.1.25) 2.12.12 Manila vng ( xem iu 2.1.26) 2.12.13 Metyla da cam ( xem iu 2.1.27) 2.12.14 Metyla ( xem iu 2.1.28) Axeton-anhidrit Axetic-axit axetic Axeton-axit axetic Axeton; axetonitrila metyletylxeton; Metylizobutylxeton ioxan Clobenzen Axit propionic Vng-tm (a) Vng sng- ta Dung dch ch th 0,1 % trong ru metylic Dung dch ch th 0,2 % trong hn hp axit propioic vi dioxan (1+1) (cchun li bng natri axetat )

Vng-da cam (a) Dung dch ch thi bo ho trong axeton Vng-da cam Dung dch ch th (a) 0,25 %trong axeton Vng- da cam Dung dch ch th bo ho trong hng- tm (a) axetonitrila.

2.12.15 Metyla tm Pentametyl-p-

Dung dch ch th Da cam vng0,1 % trong hng ti sm (a) dioxan(dioxan) Dung dch ch thbo Da cam- hng Axeton-axit axetic ho trong da cam(a) axetonitrila Dung dch ch th Da cam hngAxetonitril-cloroformphenola bo ho trong tm (a) axetonitrila Dung dch ch th Da cam sngHexan-axeton 0,1 % trong axit hng (a) axetic Axeton;axetonitrimetyletylxxeton; Tm-chm-lam Dung dch ch th sng (a) 0,1 % trong axit Metylizobutylxeton axetic

rodanilin hydroclorua C24H28ClN3 M 393,96 Tm-xanh bin- Dung dch ch th lc xanh- vng 0,2 % trong (a) clobenzen Dung dch ch th Axit axetic-di-cloetan;axit axetic- Xanh bin-vng 0,1 % trong axit dioxan lc axeton Dung dch ch th Tm- xanhbinAxit axetic nitrometan 0,2 % trong lc (a) clobenzen Axit axetic clobenzen anhidrit Tm-lam-lc - nt axetic vng (a) Tm-lcMetyletylxeton anhidrit axetic - nt xanhbin (a) Axit axetic axit propionic 2.12.16 1-Naftlbenzein Phenyl-bis-(6hidroxynaftyl-2cacbinol) C27H18O2.H2O M392,46 Axeton-axetonitrila Metyletylxeton;metylizobutylxeton Axit axetic axit propionic ru izopropylic Vng-lc sng- Dung dchch th 0,1 lc (a) % trong axit axetic Vng lc (a) Dung dch ch th 0,02 % trong axit axetic Dung dch ch th 0,1 - 1,8 % trong ru metylic hoc trong ru izopropylic

Da cam- lc sm- lc (b)

Benzen axit axetic

Benzen-ru izopropylic

Anhidrit axetic nitrometan 2.12.17 4-nitroEtylendiamin

Chun ngc Dung dch ch th bng natri axetat 0,5 % trong axit . Lc ti-lcaxetic vng (b) Dung dch ch th 01-1,0% trong ru Da cam-lc nu izopropylic hoc (b) trong hn hp benzen vi ru metylic (1 + 1 ) Dung dch ch th Lc vng-lc ti 0,5 % trong axit (a) axetic -xanh bin- Dung dch ch th khng mu (b) 0,5 % trong ben zen.

4'aminoasobenzen C12H0N42 M 212,23 2.12.18 2-Nitroanilin v 4-nitroanilin C6H6N2O2 M 138,13 2.12.19 Fenolftalein ( xem iu 2.1.36) 2.12.20 Quinodin N-etyl-1-dimetylanilinostirilquinoliniodua C21H23IN2 M 570,12 2.12.21 Tm tinhth C25K30ClN3.9 H2O M 570,12 Anhidric axetic 2.12.22. Timola xanh Axeton, ru metylic ( xem iu 2.1.39) Dung dch ch th Xanh bin lc 0,1 % trong axit vng axetic Vng - (a) Dung dch ch th 0,3 % trong ru Vng- xanh bin metylic Axit axetic:axit axetic; axit propionic Tm- xanh ti- Dung dch ch th lc xanh- vng 0,1 - 1,0 % trong lc( a) axit axetic Axit axetic, axit propionic Vng - tikhng mu(a) Dung dch ch th 0,2 % trong axit axetic hoc dng dch ch th bo ho trong axit axetic Axeton, benzen, clobenzen Etylendiamin Vng- da cam( b) Dung dch ch th 0,15 % trong benzen

Dung dch ch th 0,2 % trong ru Khng mu- metylic hocdung (b) dch bo ho trong benzen

Axetonnitrila

Propilen glicol-cloroform Vng - ti-khng mu(a) 2.12.23 Timolftalein ( xem iu 2.1.38) 2.12.24 Tropeolin OO ( xem iu 2.1.41 Axeton Axeton, axeton nitrila metyletylxeton; Etylizometylxeton Axit axetic- axit propionic Dicloetan-axit axetic anhidrit axetic Benzen nitrometan

( trong trng hp dng cc axit), c th bng nhm benzen ( b) Trong cc axit yu: vng lc Dung dch ch th xanh bin. 0,3 % trong ru Trong cc axit metylic mnh: - vngxanh bin (b) Dung dch ch th Vng- hng ( a) 0,2 % trong ru metylic Dung dch ch th Khng mu0,2% trong ru xanh bin (b) metylic Vng tm Dung dch ch th 0,5 % trong axit axetic

Da cam vng- Dung dch ch th ta- hng ( 0,5 % trong axit a) axetic Dung dch ch th Vng - hng 0,5 % trong axit (a) axetic Dung dch ch th 1 Vng- hng % trong ru (b) metylic

2.13 Cc ch th hn hp chun khng nc

Bng 13 Thnh phn cc ch th hn hp Dung mi Chuyn mu trong mi trng: a) T kim sang axit Dng hn hp ch th

2.13.1 Dimetyla vng Axetonnitrila Metylen xanh

b) T axit sang kim Nu - lc ( b) Dung dch cha 1 % dimetyla vngv 0,1 % metylen xanh trong ru metylic

2.13.2 Metylen xanhQuinaldin

Nitrometan; bezen

ta- xanh bin lc ( a)

Dung dch cha 0,1 % metylen xanh v 0,2 % quinalin trong ru metylic

Dung dch ch 0,6 % timolftalein v 0,4 % tropeolin OO trong dimetylformamit 2.13.3 TimolftaleinTropeolin O Metyletylxeton Vng- lc ( b)

Trn cc lng bng nhau v th tch ca timolftalein 0,5 % trong ru metylic v metyla da cam 0,02 % trong nc

2.13.4 TimolftaleinMetyla da cam Ru etylic Vng lc ( b)