Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 1
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Terangkan maksud ekosistem
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(b) Nyatakan dua jenis ekosistem
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(c) Senaraikan tiga contoh komponen asas yang terdapat pada ekosistem.
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(d) Nyatakan dua fungsi ekosistem di dalam alam sekitar fizikal.
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2 (a) Terangkan konsep ekosistem daratan.
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(b) Nyatakan dua komponen asas yang membentuk ekosistem daratan
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(c) Mengapakah terdapat perbezaan taburan ekosistem daratan?
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[2]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(d) Ekosistem daratan boleh berubah disebabkan oleh aktiviti manusia. Jelaskan pernyataan tersebut.
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[3]
3 (a) Terangkan maksud ekosistem tanah tinggi?
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(b) Berikan dua contoh lokasi ekosistem tanah tinggi di Malaysia.
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(c) Jadual di bawah berkaitan dengan perbezaan komponen biotik di kawasan tanah tinggi berdasarkan
ketinggiannya. Lengkapkan jaduaal di bawah bagi menunjukkan perbezaan komponen biotik yang
ditemui di ekosistem tanah tinggi tersebut.
Ekosistem tanah tinggi

Ketingian

Tumbuhan alpain

Lebih 3 000 meter

Hutan montane atas

1 800 2 900 meter

Hutan montane bawah

1 200 1 800 meter

Komponen biotik

[3]
(d) Nyatakan dua faktor fizikal yang mempengaruhi perbezaan komponen biotik yang ditemui di
ketinggian berbeza di kawasan ekosistem tanah tinggi.
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[2]
4 (a) Senaraikan dua jenis ekosistem akuatik yang terdapat di Malaysia.
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[2]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(b) Nyatakan dua komponen biotik dan dua komponen abiotik ekosistem paya bakau di Malaysia.
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(c) Jelaskan dua kepentingan hutan paya bakau terhadap alam sekitar manusia.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 2
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Terangkan maksud rantaian makanan.
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(b) Jelaskan konsep pengguna primer, pengguna sekunder dan penggguna tertier dalam rantaian
makanan.
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[3]
(c) Aktiviti manusia boleh mengganggu rantaian makanan. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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[2]
(d) Jelaskan kesan gangguan rantaian makanan terhadap alam sekitar fizikal.
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[2]
2 (a) Terangkan maksud piramid tenaga.
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(b) Senaraikan komponen biotik yang terdapat pada setiap peringkat piramid tenaga.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(c) Jika salah satu daripada spesies dalam satu piramid tenaga lebih banyak daripada spesies yang lain,
maka menimbulkan masalah kesan terhadap alam sekitar manusia. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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3 (a) Terangkan maksud persaingan antara spesies.
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(b) Nyatakan tiga cara persaingan antara spesies berlaku.
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(c) Jelaskan dua daripada empat cara persaingan antara spesies dalam soalan 3(b).
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4 (a) Terangkan maksud siratan makanan.
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(b) Berfokuskan kepada hutan hujan tropika, jelaskan secara n kepada hutan hujan tropika, jelaskan
secara ringkas siratan makanan di dringkas siratan makanan di dalamnya.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(c) Banyak pendapat menyatakan bahawa gangguan siratan makanan di hutan hujan tropika berpunca
daripada aktiviti pembalakan. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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[3]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 3
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Terangkan maksud kitar nutrien
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(b) Jelaskan dua cara komponen biotik mendapat nutrien dalam sekosistem.
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(c) Manusia boleh mengganggu kitar nutrien dalam ekosistem. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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2 (a) Terangkan maksud kitar karbon.
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(b) Nyatakan tiga bentuk karbon.
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(c) Jelaskan dua kusan yang wujud akibat lebihan kandungan karbon di atmosfera terhadap alam sekitar
fizikal
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

3 (a) Terangkan maksud pengembalian nitrogen dan pengambilan nitrogen.
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(b) Nyatakan dua proses yang membentuk kitar nitrogen.
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(c) Jelaskan dua kepentingan nitrogen kepada manusia.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 4
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Nyatakan dua kegiatan ekonomi yang mengganggu ekosistem.
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(b) Jelaskan dua kesan kegiatan ekonomi terhadap alam sekitar fizikal.
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(c) Kegiatan manusia telah membawa kesan kepada alam sekitar. Jelaskan langkah bukan
perundangan yang boleh diambil untuk mengurangkan kesan kegiatan manusia.
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2 (a) Terangkan maksud pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan ekosistem hutan.
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(b) Mewartakan hutan simpan dan tindakan undang-undang merupakan langkah memelihara
ekosistem hutan. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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[2]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(c) Selain daripada langkah perundangan, langkah bukan perundangan juga dikira penting untuk
mengekalkan ekosistem hutan. Mengapa?
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3 (a) Terangkan maksud ekosistem lautan.
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(b) Jelaskan kepentingan ekosistem hutan kepada manusia.
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(c) Ekosistem lautan semakin terancam akibat pencemaran. Jelaskan langkah untuk mengekalkan
ekosistem tersebut.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

10

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 5
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Terangkan maksud interaksi antara sistem
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(b) Sebutkan dua sistem yang berinteraksi semasa letusan gunung berapi.
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(c) Jelaskan dua kesan letusan gunung berapi terhadap alam sekitar fizikal.
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(d) Salah satu langkah mengurangkan kesan letusan gunung berapi terhadap alam sekitar manusia
adalah pemerhatian terhadap perubahan alam sekitar. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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2 (a) Senaraikan dua perubahan terhadap sistem atmosfera semasa berlakunya kebakaran hutan.
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(b) Jelaskan dua punca berlakunya kebakaran hutan.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

11

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(c) Huraikan kesan kebakaran hutan terhadap alam sekitar manusia.
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3 (a) Terangkan maksud interaksi antara sistem fizikal dengan sistem gunaan manusia.
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(b) Aktiviti pelancongan dan pertanian wujud akibat interaksi antara sistem fizikal dengan sistem
gunaan manusia. Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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(c) Jelaskan dua kesan negatif pengaruh sistem fizikal terhadap sistem gunaan manusia.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

12

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

BAHAGIAN A: TOPIKAL 6
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1 (a) Terangkan maksud kaedah perundangan.
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(b) Senaraikan dua akta yang dikaitkan dengan langkah perundangan untuk pemeliharaan alam sekitar.
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(c) Pengurusan alam sekitar yang tidak seimbang bukan sahaja menyebabkan pemanasan global.
Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
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(d) Nyatakan dua langkah perundangan yang boleh diambil untuk mengatasi masalah pengurusan alam
sekitar yang tidak seimbang.
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2 (a) Terangkan maksud kaedah bukan perundangan.
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(b) Jelaskan usaha yang boleh diambil secara kaedah bukan perundangan untuk mengimbangi
keseimbangan alam sekitar dengan pembangunan manusia,
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

13

Modul Cemerlang Geografi (Penggal 3) SET 1 2013

(c) Menanam rumput di cerun bukit boleh mengurangkan masalah hakisan. Senaraikan tiga cara lain
untuk mengurangkan masalah tersebut.
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[3]
3 (a) Senaraikan tiga masalah alam sekitar pada masa kini.
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[3]
(b) Selain pembuangan sampah sarap, nyatakan tiga punca lain berlakunya pencemaran sungai hari ini.
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(c) Jelaskan dua langkah yang boleh diambil untuk mengurangkan pencemaran sungai di Malaysia hari
ini.
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[4]

Jabatan Geografi SMKPurun.

14