SESEC VII

Small Hydro Power Plants A key actor of green power generation

Vincent Denis Ing. EPF-SIA

MHyLab 1354 Montcherand

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SESEC VII

Electricity generation - Current Situation

Electricity needs are increasing all over the World Climate change is a challenge Large projects are much debated from a socio-economic standpoint while some of them are also burdened by financial and profitability problems Electrification needs of remotes or peripheral areas in countries with a low density distribution network Hydropower is a competitive technology Hydro Potential heavily exploited in industrialised countries Hydroelectric market is increasingly focusing on small and mediumsized power plants
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SESEC VII

Small hydropower ?

Seujet Power plant (Geneva) 3 bulb turbines Power : 3 x 2900 kW Flow : 3 x 135 m3/s Erection took 8 years
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La Douve II Power plant (Alps) 1 Pelton turbine Power : 75 kW Flow : 0.1 m3/s Erection took 4 months at workshop and 23 minutes at site
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SESEC VII

Small hydro power plant definition The power criterion is not sufficient => A small hydropower plant is a plant which, for technical and economic considerations, must not be the geometrical reduction of a large one

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Success criteria: key words

Simple manufacturing to ensure technical and economic feasibility for SMEs High energy efficiency Maximum reliability and easy maintenance

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MHyLab A foundation dedicated to small hydro

The aim is to propose the technology for the development of SHP conforming to the previous requirements MHyLab is a technical support to everybody who is involved in small-hydro development. MHyLab is a supplier of small hydro up to date technology

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Pelton, high heads : 60 600 m

SESEC VII

MHyLab - Domaine de recherche sur les mini-turbines

1000.0

Diagonals, Diagonals, medium heads : 25 -100 m

500.0
Pelton

Axial turbines, low heads : 5 -30 m

100.0

50.0

Diagonale

H (m)
10.0

Pico turbines : 1.5 5 m

Niveau amont constant

Axiale

VeryVery-low head :1.5 5 m

Niveau max

5.0
DZ = 2,0 m

Niveau minimum

Pico + TBCh

Ultra low heads 0,5 1,7 m

Niveau min
PICO-TURBINE De = 300 mm

Niveau min
De ,5 =1

1.0 0.01

0.05 0.10

0.50 1.00 TBCh Pico

5.00 10.00

Q (m3/s)

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SESEC VII

The MHyLab systemisation method

Entire parameterisation of a turbine's hydraulics. Laboratory Test of its behaviour and performances as a function of the evolution of these parameters. Custom design of each turbine function of the exact characteristics of the site to be equipped. Meeting of the fundamental criteria of simplicity, reliability and high & guaranteed performances.
Modified blade 7
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SESEC VII

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SESEC VII

Val d'Illiez small hydropower plant (CH)

1 Pelton, vertical axis 4 nozzles Commissioning : 2006 Net head: 277 m Max. discharge: 370 l/s Rotation speed: 1000 rpm Max. electrical output: 870 kW Production: 2'600 MWh/year Technical design: MHyLab Turbine supplier: Gasa Sa (CH)

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SESEC VII

Val small hydropower plant (France)

1 Pelton, vertical axis 3 nozzles Commissioning : Net head: Max. discharge: Rotation speed: Max. electrical output:

2007-2008 240 m 600 l/s 1000 rpm 1165 kW

Technical design: MHyLab Turbine supplier: Desgranges Sarl (France)

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SESEC VII

Use of drinking water La Zour SHP (Savise, Valais, CH)

1 Pelton, vertical axis, 3 nozzles Commissioning : 2004 Head: 217 m Max. discharge: 300 l/s Max. electrical output: 465 kW Annual production: 1'800 MWh/year Technical design: MHyLab Turbine supplier: GASA SA (CH)

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SESEC VII Use of irrigation water - L'Armary - Aubonne

Armary Source at Monther od Water intake at 542 m Penstock : 1800 m Armary small hydropower plant Irrigation water

Small hydropower plant at 437 m Outlet in the Armary

Leman lake
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SESEC VII

Armary power plant - Aubonne

Start up: 2006 Pelton, 2 nozzles Difference in altitude: 105 m Nominal discharge: 90 l/s Electrical output: 68 kW Electrical production: 454'000 kWh/year (the consumption of 100 households) Hydraulic design: MHyLab Manufacturer: Gasa SA (Lausanne) Operator: le Groupe Arrosage (Aubonne) Investment: 650'000 CHF Cost price: 10 cts CHF/kWh

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SESEC VII

Use of wastewater - Chble SHP on Rehabilitation - 2008

1 Pelton, vertical axis 2 nozzles Difference in levels: 449 m Max. discharge: 100 l/s Electrical output: 350 kW Design: MHyLab Turbine supplier: Gasa SA

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SESEC VII The Amman city and neighborhoods sewage system

New (2005) DN 1500 penstock

Amman City

Ain Ghazal pretreatment plant

Duleil Wadi Old lagoon WWTP

New As Samra WWTP

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SESEC VII

The inlet turbines

2 five-nozzle Pelton Z = 104 m Qn = 2 x 1.25 m3/s Hn = 79.3 m @ Qn N = 428.57 rpm Pe = 830 kW E = 12.5 GWh/year Commissioning : April 2007 Supplyer : Andritz VA Tech

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SESEC VII

The outlet turbines

2 horizontal Francis turbines Z = 42.1 m Qmax = 2 x 2.3 m3/s Qn = 2 x 2.0 m3/s Hn @ Qmax = 41.6 m @ Qmax N = 1'000 rpm Pe = 807 kW E = 8.6 GWh/year Supplyer : Andritz VA Tech

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SESEC VII Use of existing weir and channels

Siphon turbines 0.5 3.0 m

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SESEC VII

Small hydro A perfect solution for emerging and developping countries

Indigenous & renewable energy Long life cycle High energy output

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Conclusions
There is still an untapped potential for small hydro projects. This field needs specific knowledge which is not the same as for large hydro. Small hydro brings an answer to a sustainable electricity production. R&D results are now available and a simple, efficient and reliable technology is ready for the market.
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