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u
7.3.3 Modified Stiffness Factor
The stiffness factor changes when the far end of the beam is simply-
supported.
u
A
M
A
A B
R
A
R
B
L
As per earlier equations for deformation, given in Mechanics of Solids
text-books.
fixed AB
A
A
AB
A
A
K
L
EI
L
EI M
K
EI
L M
) (
4
3
4
4
3 3
3
=
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= = =
=
u
u
7.4 SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS -
7.4.1 Solve the previously given problem by the moment
distribution method
7.4.1.1: Fixed end moments
m kN
wl
M M
m kN
wl
M M
m kN
wl
M M
DC CD
CB BC
BA AB
. 333 . 53
12
) 8 )( 10 (
12
. 5 . 112
8
) 6 )( 150 (
8
. 80
12
) 8 )( 15 (
12
2 2
2 2
= = = =
= = = =
= = = =
7.4.1.2 Stiffness Factors (Unmodified Stiffness)
EI
EI
K
EI EI
EI
K
EI
EI
L
EI
K K
EI
EI
L
EI
K K
DC
CD
CB BC
BA AB
5 . 0
8
4
5 . 0
8
4
8
4
667 . 0
6
) )( 4 ( 4
5 . 0
8
) )( 4 ( 4
= =
= =
(
=
= = = =
= = = =
7.4.1.3 Distribution Factors
00 . 1
4284 . 0
500 . 0 667 . 0
500 . 0
5716 . 0
500 . 0 667 . 0
667 . 0
5716 . 0
667 . 0 5 . 0
667 . 0
4284 . 0
667 . 0 5 . 0
5 . 0
0 . 0
) ( 5 . 0
5 . 0
= =
=
+
=
+
=
=
+
=
+
=
=
+
=
+
=
=
+
=
+
=
=
+
=
+
=
DC
DC
DC
CD CB
CD
CD
CD CB
CB
CB
BC BA
BC
BC
BC BA
BA
BA
wall BA
BA
AB
K
K
DF
EI EI
EI
K K
K
DF
EI EI
EI
K K
K
DF
EI EI
EI
K K
K
DF
EI EI
EI
K K
K
DF
stiffness wall
EI
K K
K
DF
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
Distribution Factors 0 0.4284 0.5716 0.5716 0.4284 1
Computed end moments -80 80 -112.5 112.5 -53.33 53.33
Cycle 1
Distribution 13.923 18.577 -33.82 -25.35 -53.33
Carry-over moments 6.962 -16.91 9.289 -26.67 -12.35
Cycle 2
Distribution 7.244 9.662 9.935 7.446 12.35
Carry-over moments 3.622 4.968 4.831 6.175 3.723
Cycle 3
Distribution -2.128 -2.84 -6.129 -4.715 -3.723
Carry-over moments -1.064 -3.146 -1.42 -1.862 -2.358
Cycle 4
Distribution 1.348 1.798 1.876 1.406 2.358
Carry-over moments 0.674 0.938 0.9 1.179 0.703
Cycle 5
Distribution -0.402 -0.536 -1.187 -0.891 -0.703
Summed up -69.81 99.985 -99.99 96.613 -96.61 0
moments
7.4.1.4 Moment Distribution Table
7.4.1.5 Computation of Shear Forces
Simply-supported 60 60 75 75 40 40
reaction
End reaction
due to left hand FEM 8.726 -8.726 16.665 -16.67 12.079 -12.08
End reaction
due to right hand FEM -12.5 12.498 -16.1 16.102 0 0
Summed-up 56.228 63.772 75.563 74.437 53.077 27.923
moments
8 m 3 m 3 m 8 m
I I I
15 kN/m
10 kN/m
150 kN
A
B C
D
7.4.1.5 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
56.23
3.74 m
75.563
63.77
52.077
74.437
27.923
2.792 m
-69.806
98.297
35.08
126.704
-96.613
31.693
M
max
=+38.985 kN.m
Max=+ 35.59 kN.m
3.74 m
84.92
-99.985
48.307
2.792 m
S. F. D.
B. M. D
Simply-supported bending moments at center of span
M
center
in AB = (15)(8)
2
/8 = +120 kN.m
M
center
in BC = (150)(6)/4 = +225 kN.m
M
center
in AB = (10)(8)
2
/8 = +80 kN.m
7.5 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD FOR
NONPRISMATIC MEMBER (CHAPTER 12)
The section will discuss moment distribution method to analyze
beams and frames composed of nonprismatic members. First
the procedure to obtain the necessary carry-over factors,
stiffness factors and fixed-end moments will be outlined. Then
the use of values given in design tables will be illustrated.
Finally the analysis of statically indeterminate structures using
the moment distribution method will be outlined
7.5.1 Stiffness and Carry-over Factors
Use moment-area method to find the stiffness and carry-
over factors of the non-prismatic beam.
A
A
B
P
A
M
B
M
A
u
A
A AB A A
K P A = ) (
( )
A AB B
A
AB
A
M C M
K M
=
= u
u
C
AB
= Carry-over factor of moment M
A
from A to B
A
B
M'
A
=C
BA
M
B
=C
BA
K
B
M'
B
(K
B
)
M
B
=C
AB
M
A
=C
AB
K
A
M
A
(K
A
)
u
A
(= 1.0)
M
A
u
B
(= 1.0)
A
B
(a)
(b)
Use of Betti-Maxwells reciprocal theorem requires that the work
done by loads in case (a) acting through displacements in case (b) is
equal to work done by loads in case (b) acting through displacements in
case (a)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
B A
B A B A
K K
M M M M
BA AB
C C
) 0 . 0 ( ) 0 . 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 (
=
' + ' = +
M
B
7.5.2 Tabulated Design Tables
Graphs and tables have been made available to determine fixed-end
moments, stiffness factors and carry-over factors for common
structural shapes used in design. One such source is the Handbook of
Frame constants published by the Portland Cement Association,
Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A. A portion of these tables, is listed here as
Table 1 and 2
Nomenclature of the Tables
a
A
a
b
= ratio of length of haunch (at end A and B to the length
of span
b = ratio of the distance (from the concentrated load to end A)
to the length of span
h
A
, h
B
= depth of member at ends A and B, respectively
h
C
= depth of member at minimum section
I
c
= moment of inertia of section at minimum section = (1/12)B(h
c
)
3
,
with B as width of beam
k
AB
, k
BC
= stiffness factor for rotation at end A and B, respectively
L = Length of member
M
AB
, M
BA
= Fixed-end moments at end A and B, respectively; specified in
tables for uniform load w or concentrated force P
C
C A
A
h
h h
r
=
C
C B
B
h
h h
r
=
Also
L
EI k
K
L
EI k
K
C BA
B
C AB
A
= = ,