Correlaciones empricas conveccin forzada

Exterior
Placas:
Espesor de la capa lmite y el coeficiente de friccin local
Laminar : 6
x
=
4.91x
Re
x
1/ 2
, C
f , x
=
0.664
Re
x
1/2
, C
f
=
1.33
Re
L
1/2
, Re
x
510
5
Turbulento: 6
x
=
0.38x
Re
x
1/ 5
, C
f , x
=
0.059
Re
x
1/ 5
, C
f
=
0.074
Re
L
1/ 5
, 510
5
Re
x
10
7
en caso de tener los dos regmenes
C
f
=
1
L
(

0
x
cr
C
f , x laminar
dx+

x
cr
L
C
f , xturbulento
dx
)
=
0.074
Re
L
1/5

1742
Re
L
Coeficiente de transferencia de calor local placa isotrmica
Laminar : Nu
x
=
h
x
x
k
=0.332Re
x
1/ 2
Pr
1/ 3
, Pr >0.6
Nu
x
=
0.3387Pr
1/3
Re
x
1/2
1+(0.0468/ Pr )
2/3
|
1/ 4
, Pe
x
=Re
x
Pr100
Turbulento: Nu
x
=
h
x
x
k
=0.0296Re
x
4/5
Pr
1/3
,
0.6Pr60
510
5
Re
x
10
7
Coeficiente de transferencia de calor medio placa isotrmica
Laminar : Nu=
hL
k
=2Nu
x
Turbulento: Nu=
hL
k
=0.037Re
x
4/ 5
Pr
1/ 3
,
0.6Pr60
510
5
Re
x
10
7
caso de tener los dos regmenes
Nu=
hL
k
=(0.037 Re
L
4/5
871) Pr
1/3
,
0.6Pr60
510
5
Re
L
10
7
Tramo inicial no calentado placa isotrmica
Laminar : Nu
x
=
0.332Re
x
1/2
Pr
1/3
1((/ x)
3/4
|
1/ 3
, h=
21((/ x)
3/4
|
1(/ L
h
x=L
Turbulento: Nu
x
=
0.0296Re
x
4/ 5
Pr
1/ 3
1((/ x)
9/ 10
|
1/ 9
, h=
5 1((/ x)
9/ 10
|
4(1(/ L)
h
x=L
Flujo uniforme de calor
Laminar : Nu
x
=0.453Re
x
1/ 2
Pr
1/ 3
, Nu=0.680Re
L
1/ 2
Pr
1/ 3
Turbulento: Nu
x
=0.0308Re
x
4/ 5
Pr
1/3
Cilindros:
Nusselt promedio
Nu
cil
=0.3+
0.62Re
1/2
Pr
1/3
1+(0.4/ Pr )
2/3
|
1/ 4

1+
(
Re
282000
)
5/8
|
4/ 5
cilindro seccin no circular Nu
cil
=C Re
m
Pr
1/3
Bancos de tubos:
Re
D
max
=
pV
max
D

Alineado:
V
max
=
S
T
S
T
D
V
Escalonado:
si 2A
d
>A
T
: V
max
=
S
T
S
T
D
V
si S
D
( S
T
+D)/2:
V
max
=
S
T
2( S
D
D)
V
coeficiente de calor promedio
Nu
D
=
hD
k
=C
2
CRe
D, max
m
Pr
0.36
(Pr / Pr
s
)
1/ 4
|
Esferas:
Nu
esf
=2+ 0.4 Re
1/ 2
+0.06 Re
2/ 3
| Pr
0.4
(

s
)
1/ 4
Correlaciones empricas conveccin forzada
Interior
Tubos:
Re=
pV
prom
D

m=pV
prom
A
c
=

A
c
pu(r)dA
c
V
prom
=
2p
p R
2

0
R
u(r)r dr =
2
R
2

0
R
u(r) r dr

E
fluido
= mc
p
T
m
=

m
c
p
T (r)6 m
T
m
=
2
V
prom
R
2

0
R
T (r)u(r) dr
A P=P
1
P
2
=
8 LV
prom
R
2
=f
L
D
p
V
prom
2
2
, h
L
=f
L
D
V
prom
2
2g
f =
8f
w
pv
prom
2
, C
f
=
f
4
seccin no-circular
Re
D
=
pV D
h

D
h
=
4A
P
h
media aritmtica
AT
prom

AT
i
+AT
o
2

Q
s
=h A
s
AT
prom
, W|
media logartmica
AT
lm
=
(AT
e
AT
i
)
ln(AT
e
)/(AT
i
)|

Q
s
=h A
s
AT
lm
, W|
Temperatura media del fluido pared
isotrmica
T
m
( x)=T
s
(T
s
T
i
)exp(h px/ mc
p
)
Flujo uniforme de calor

Q
s
= q
s
A
s
= mc
p
(T
o
T
i
) , W|
T
o
=T
i
+
q
s
A
s
mc
p
Rgimen laminar tubos
f =
64
Re
Numero de Nusselt tubos en rgimen laminar
Flujo calor constante
T
m
=T
s

11
24
q
sR
k
, Nu=
hd
k
=4.36
temperatura superficial constante
Nu=
hd
k
=3.66
Tubos seccin no-circular: ver tabla
Flujo turbulento
Nu=0.125 f Re Pr
1/3
=0.023 Re
0.8
Pr
n
Nu=
(f / 8)(Re1000) Pr
1+12.7(f / 8)
0.5
( Pr
2/3
1)
(
0.5Pr2000
310
3
Re510
6
)
tubos lisos
f =(0.790ln Re1.64)
2
, 3000Re510
6
superficies rugosas
1
.f
=2log
(
c/ D
3.7
+
2.51
Re .f
)
, flujo turbulento
1
.f
1.8log

6.9
Re
+
(
c/ D
3.7
)
1.11
|
Regin de entrada
Tubos circulares placas paralelas
Nu=3.66+
0.065( D/ L) Re Pr
1+0.04( D/ L) Re Pr |
2/3

Nu=7.54+
0.03( D
h
/ L)Re Pr
1+0.016( D
h
/ L) Re Pr |
2/3
Correlaciones empricas conveccin natural
Ra
x , c
=Gr
x ,c
Pr=
g(T
s
T

) x
c
3
v o
10
9
placa vertical temperatura constante
Nu=

0.68+
0.67 Ra
L
1/4
1+(0.492/ Pr )
9/ 16
|
4/9
, Ra
L
<10
9

0.825+
0.387Ra
L
1/ 6
1+(0.492/ Pr)
9/16
|
8/27
|
2
, Ra
L
>10
9

placa vertical flujo calor constante

Nu=
hL
k
=
q
s
L
k(T
L/ 2
T

)
Placa horizontal superficie caliente arriba o fra abajo
Laminar : Nu=
hL
k
=0.54 Ra
L
1/ 4
, 10
4
Ra
L
10
7
Turbulento: Nu=
hL
k
=0.15Ra
L
1/ 3
, 10
7
Ra
L
10
11
cilindro horizontal
Nu=

0.6+
0.387 Ra
D
1/ 6
1+(0.559/ Pr)
9/16
|
8/27

2
, Ra
D
<10
12
esfera
Nu=2+
0.589 Ra
D
1/4
1+(0.469/ Pr )
9/16
|
4/ 9
,
Pr0.7
Ra
D
<10
11
canales verticales
Ra
s
=Gr
s
Pr=
g (T
s
T

) S
3
v o
T
s
=cte : Nu=
hS
k
=

C
1
( Ra
s
S/ L)
2
+
C
2
( Ra
s
S/ L)
0.5
|
1/2
q
s
=cte: Nu
L
=
h
LS
k
=

C
1
Ra
s
*
S/ L
+
C
2
( Ra
s
*
S/ L)
0.4
|
1/ 2
Recintos cerrados:
Ra
L
=Gr
L
Pr=
g(T
1
T
2
) L
c
3
v o
horizontales
Nu=1+1.44

1
1708
Ra
L
|
+
+

Ra
L
1/3
18
1
|
+
Inclinados
Nu=1+1.44

1
1708
Ra
L
cos 0
|
+
(
1
1708(sin1.80)
1.6
Ra
L
cos 0
)
+

( Ra
L
cos0)
1/ 3
18
1
|
+
Ra
L
10
5
, 0
o
070
o
, H/ L12
Nu=Nu
hor
(
Nu
ver
Nu
hor
)
0/ f
*
(sinf
*
)
0/ 4f
*
, H/ L12 , 0
o
0f
*
Nu=Nu
ver
(sinf
*
)
1/ 4
, H/ L12 , f
*
090, cualquier H/ L
Rectangulares verticales:
Nu=0.18
(
Pr
0.2+Pr
Ra
L
)
0.29
,

1<H / L2
Ra
L
Pr
(0.2+Pr )
>10
3

Nu=0.22
(
Pr
0.2+Pr
Ra
L
)
0.28
(
H
L
)
1/ 4
,

2<H/ L10
Ra
L
10
10

Nu=0.42 Ra
L
1/ 4
Pr
0.012
(
H
L
)
0.3
,

10H/ L40
10
4
Ra
L
10
7

cilindros concntricos:

Q'=
2k
ef
ln ( D
o
/ D
i
)
(T
i
T
o
) , W /m|
L
c
=(D
0
D
i
)/2 , 10
2
F
cil
Ra
L
10
7
k
ef
k
=0.386
(
Pr
0.861+Pr
)
1/ 4
( F
cil
Ra
L
)
1/ 4
, F
cil
=
ln( D
o
/ D
i
)|
4
L
c
3
(D
i
3/ 5
+D
o
3/5
)
5
Esferas concntricas:
Si Kef < K => Kef = K

Q'=k
ef

(
D
i
D
o
L
c
)
(T
i
T
o
) , W|
L
c
=(D
0
D
i
)/2 , 10
2
F
esf
Ra
L
10
4
k
ef
k
=0.74
(
Pr
0.861+Pr
)
1/ 4
( F
esf
Ra
L
)
1/ 4
, F
esf
=
L
c
( D
i
D
o
)
4
( D
i
7/5
+D
o
7/ 5
)
5
Sistemas concentrados
Bi=hLc/k
Mtodo de resistencia despreciable
0
0
i
=e
t
hA
s
pV c
Esferas solucin unidimensional
0
esf
=C
1
e
\
1
2
Fo

sin (\
1
r /r
0
)
\
1
r/ r
0
|
, 0
0,esf
=C
1
e
\
1
2
Fo
0
esf
0
0, esf
=
sin (\
1
r /r
0
)
\
1
r/ r
0