QUESTIONNAIRES Types of questionnaires: 1. Closed form permit only certain responses 2.

. Open form allow the respondents to make any response in his or her own words A mixture of the two forms may be employed depending on the objective of the particular question. Advantages of the questionnaire: 1. Inexpensive mass coverage 2. Complete uniformity of instructions 3. Frees the researcher of anxiety over facing a respondent 4. Saves time Maximizing Returns 1. Limit the length; needs little time as possible to respond 2. Structure the response format; minimize actual amount of writing 3. Write introductory material eloquently and frankly. 4. Make provisions for respondents to know about the results of the research.

Response Formats 1. Open End Format Advantage: respondents will think of a more authentic answer Difficulty: analysis of responses, increased variation of responses 2. Multiple-choice format Questions followed by a set of options Structured type Responding and data analysis is easier Checklist format Similar to multiple choice But respondents can answer with one or more options SCALES Respondent indicates a numerical or symbol placement for the item being measured along a continuum Scale points range from 3 to 7

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Rating Scale The behavior to be rated is regarded as remembered behavior or perceived behavior Respondent bases ratings on past observations, or on how he or she perceives the object, situation or person being rated

Two types of rating scales: 1. Verbal rating scale 2. Numerical rating scale Rank-Order Scales Respondent ranks items, traits or adjectives in the order of how important he believes these items are for a certain criterion