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What Is Flyback Transformer?

http://www.electronicrepairguide.com/flyback-transformer.html

Definition of flyback transformer and how it can generate high voltage with the help of a driver pulse.

A Flyback Transformer

The flyback transformer is an integrated transformer which mean it has built in rectifiers and divider networks and several low voltage windings. The purpose of a flyback transformer in a monitor or television is to generate high voltage about 24 kilovolts dc to picture tube or crt. Older type of flyback transformer design have its high voltage diode built in outside and is called tripler. If any of the diodes spoilt you just have to replace the triple, But today, the flyback transformer came in one piece and all the high voltage diodes are molded inside the casing. If one of the diodes shorted inside you have to replace the whole unit.

The external features of a flyback transformer consist of a voltage divider where we called it as focus and screen. Inside the divider is actually a resistor networks control where the top control is always the focus adjustment and the bottom one is screen or G2. In order for a flyback transformer to function, a B+ supply voltage must enter to the primary winding and at the same time a horizontal output transistor or HOT must switch. The HOT switching was done by horizontal driver circuit and with the help of a horizontal driver transformer. If missing either one of the B+ voltage or signal to the HOT, the flyback transformer will not work. Of course there are many more factors that contribute to the malfunction of a flyback which i will explain in more details to you in this website.

Flyback Inductor & Transformer Theory

http://www.butlerwinding.com/store.asp?pid=28336
Flyback circuits repeat a cycle of two or three stages; a charging stage, a discharging stage, and in some applications idle time following a complete discharge. Charging creates a magnetic field. Discharging action results from the collapse of the magnetic field. The typical flyback transformer application is a unipolar application. The magnetic field flux density varies up in down in value ( 0 or larger ) but keeps the same ( hence unipolar ) direction. Charging Stage: The flyback transformer ( or inductor ) draws current from the power source. The current increases over time. The current flow creates a magnetic field flux that also increases over time. Energy is stored within the magnetic field. The associated positive flux change over time induces a voltage in the flyback transformer ( or inductor ) which opposes the source voltage. Typically, a diode and a capacitor are series connected across a flyback transformer winding ( or inductor ). A load resistor is then connected across the capacitor. The diode is oriented to block current flow from the flyback transformer ( or source ) to the capacitor and the load resistor during the charging stage. Controlling the charging time duration (known as duty cycle) in a cycle can control the amount of energy stored during each cycle. Stored energy value, E = ( I x I x L ) / 2, where E is in joules, I = current in amps, L = inductance in Henries. Current is defined by the differential equation V(t) = L x di/dt. Applying this equation to applications with constant source voltage and constant inductance value one obtains the following equation; I = Io + V x t / L , where I = currents in amps, Io = starting current in amps, V = voltage in volts across the flyback transformer winding ( or inductor ), L = inductance in Henries, and t = elapsed time in seconds. Note that increasing L will decrease the current. Stored energy will consequently decrease because effects of the current squared decrease will more than offset the effects of the inductance increase. Also be aware that the flyback transformer ( or inductor ) input voltage is less than the source voltage due to switching and resistive voltage drops in the circuit. Discharge Stage: The current ( which creates the magnetic field ) from the source is then interrupted by opening a switch, thereby causing the magnetic field to collapse or decrease, hence a reversal in the direction of the magnetic field flux change ( negative flux change over time ). The negative flux change induces a voltage in the opposite direction from that induced during the charging stage. The terms flyback or kickback originate from the induced voltage reversal that occurs when the supply current is interrupted. The reversed induced voltage(s) tries to create ( induce ) a current flow. The open switch prevents current from flowing through the power supply. With the voltage reversed, the diode now permits current flow through it, hence current flows into the capacitor and the load across the capacitor. If current can flow, then the resulting flow of current is in the direction, which tries to maintain the existing magnetic field. The induced current cannot maintain this field but does slow down the decline of the magnetic field. A slower decline translates to a lower induced flyback voltage. If current cannot flow, the magnetic field will decline very rapidly and consequently create a much higher induced voltage. In effect, the flyback action will create the necessary voltage needed to discharge the energy stored in the flyback transformer or inductor. This principle, along with controlling the duration of

the charging stage, allows a flyback inductor to increase or decrease the voltage without the use of a step-up or step-down turns ratio. In the typical flyback circuit, the output capacitor clamps the flyback voltage to the capacitor voltage plus the diode and resistive voltage drops. For a sufficiently large & fully charged capacitor, the clamping capacitor voltage can be treated as a constant value. The equations V(t) = L x di/dt, and I = Io + V x t / L can also be applied to the discharge stage. Use the inductance value of the discharging winding and the time duration of the discharging stage. The time will either be the cycle time minus the charging time ( no idle time ), or the time it takes to fully discharge the magnetic field thereby reaching zero current. The cycle time equals the period which equals 1 / frequency. Idle Stage: This stage occurs whenever the flyback transformer ( or inductor ) has completely discharged its stored energy. Input and output current ( of the transformer or inductor ) is at zero value. OTHER PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Equal Ampere-Turns Condition: A magnetic field is created by the current flow through the winding(s). The current creates a magnetizing force, H, and a magnetic field flux density B. A core dependent correlation will exist between B and H. B is not usually linear with H. By definition H is proportional to the product of the winding turns and the current flowing through the winding, hence ampere-turns. In classical physics, the magnetic field flux cannot instantaneously change value if the source of the field ( the current flow ) is removed. When the source current is removed from the flyback transformer ( or inductor ) the charging stage ends and the discharge stage begins. The value of the magnetic field will be the same for both stages at that point in time ( cannot instantaneously change to another value ). The same magnetic core is used for both stages, hence if the magnetic field is the same, then the magnetizing force, H, must be the same. Consequently the ampere-turns at the end of the charging stage must equal the ampere-turns at the start of the discharge stage. If there are multiple outputs then the total amperes turns of all outputs at the start of the discharge stage must equal the ampere-turns at the end of the charging stage. The same condition applies at the start of the charging stage. The total ampere-turns of all outputs at the start of the charging stage must equal the ampere-turns at the end of the discharge stage. Note that there are zero ampere-turns at both the start and end of an idle stage when an idle stage exists. Zero Average Voltage:During steady state operation, the average voltage across the charging winding must equal the average voltage across the discharge winding, or equivalently, the volt-seconds of the charging stage must equal the volt-seconds of the discharge stage. If not, flux density increases over time and the core saturates. Assuming a 1:1 turns ratio, then from V1 x t1 = V2 x t2 one can obtain t1 / t2 = V2 / V1 for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation. For continuous mode operation, t1 + t2 = 1 / operating frequency. Conservation of Energy: Power out cannot exceed power in. Sum up output power ( V x I ) of each output at maximum steady state load plus allowances for parasitic output power losses ( diode and resistive losses ). Divide power in watts by operating frequency. The result is the energy in Joules that must be discharged each cycle into the output storage capacitor during steady state operation. It is also the amount of energy that must be added to the flyback transformer ( or inductor ) during the charging stage. The energy being transferred equals ( Ipeak x Ipeak Imin. x Imin. ) x L /2. If operating in the continuous mode, the stored energy will exceed the energy being transferred because the starting level of stored energy is above zero ( Imin. > 0 ). The flyback transformer ( or inductor ) must be designed to handle the peak stored energy, Ipeak x Ipeak x L / 2. The power source will have to supply the transferred energy plus the parasitic switching and resistive losses of the charging circuit, plus some power allowance for transient conditions. Take this value and divide by the

power supply voltage. The result will be the average input current.

Bagian-bagian flyback dan fungsi pin kaki-kaki flyback

36 Votes

disini saya akan membahas tentang bagian-bagian flyback dan kegunaan pin-pin pada kaki flyback, karna kita sebagai teknisi sangat penting apabila kita akan mengganti flyback. Flyback adalah salah satu komponen monitor yang sangat bermampaat untuk menghasilkan tegangan tinggi dan tegangan renda yang dibutuhkan oleh monitor. Flyback sebetulnya adalah trafo tapi trafo untuk tegangan tinggi agar tabung bekerja menghasilkan gambar. Bagian-bagian flyback sebagai berikut:

A.Bagian primer. B.Bagian skunder. C.Bagian yang tersisa antara primer dan sekunder yaitu:ABL, Screen, Fokus & Kop Flyback A.Bagian Primer Flyback Diantaranya Adalah: 1.COLECTOR: ini terhubung dengan colector Transistor horizontal. Jika flyback bekerja maka pin ini akan menghasilkan tegangan tinggi.

2.Dioda dumper: ini terhubung dengan dioda dumper. Catatan:tidak semua flyback memiliki kaki dioda dumper 3.B+: Ini terhubung dengan tegangan B+ 55v dan FET630. Ini adalah kaki untuk tegangan kerja flyback, jika tegangan B+ tidak masuk maka flyback tidak bekerja dan layar tidak akan menyala. Catatan:Colector, Dioda dumpe & B+, jika ke tiga kaki ini di ukur dengan ohm meter maka akan terhubung. B.Bagian Skunder Flyback Diantaranya Adalah: 1.GROUND: Ini terhubung dengan ground monitor. 2.AFC: (Automatic Frecuency Control) ini tegangan 30-40 DCv, fungsinya untuk mengatur kerja IRF630, kalau tegangan terlalu tinggi, mislnya membutuhkan tegangan 36v DC lalu kita kasi 40v DC maka IRF tidak akan bekerja dan tegangan B+ akan tetap 55v dan gambar monitor akan berkuran bagian kiri dan kanan. Kalau IRF bekerja maka tegangan 55v akan menjadi tegangan 90-125v tergantung dari resolusi monhtornya. 3.G1: Ini terhubung sama dioda dengan posisi terbalik sehingga keluarnya adalah tegangan minus antara 100175 DCv. Dan setelah dioda akan ada elco regulator dan juga terbalik, jadi kaki positif terdapat di ground monitor dan kaki negatif terdapat di katoda terbalik itu. C.Bagian ABL: ABL (Automatic Brightness Liminter) ini tegangan tak terukur. Pin ini harus terhubung ke jalurnya jika tidak maka akan keluar percikan api listrik. Fungsinya untuk membatasi brightness yang menuju ke blok RGB secara otoumatis. Bagian screen (G2) Ini adalah bagian yang berpungsi untuk mengatur gelap terangnya ganbar. Bagian Fokus (G3/G4) Ini adalah bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengatur fokus gambar jika gambar kabur. Bagian Kop Flyback. Ini adalah bagian yang menghasilkan tegangan tinggi 26kv yang menuju di atas tabung. Pesan Jika ada yang kurang silahkan di tambah/sahre pegetahuan anda disini!!! Masuk untuk membalas

Rate This mohon mf & mksh sblmny y bos maman,krna sbagian data/tulisan bos mAMAn saya ambil ntuk koleksi di blog saya,sX lg mohn mf y bos..

Oleh:KingS.PJ68"ELECTRONICA SERVICE" on September2,2010 at 7:48 pm Masuk untuk membalas

1 0

Rate This muantab Bozz,sangat berguna bagi pemula spt saya. Bisa konsultasi Via hp ga Bozz..?

Oleh: yudi on Agustus21,2010 at 11:39 pm Masuk untuk membalas

2 1

Rate This Tanya mas saya punya monitor 5 rsk tapi katanya rsk di flyback. Ada nggak alat untuk tester bahwa fbt ini masih baik/ rusak? Kalau ada gimana cara tesnya. saya ada kasus 2 monitor : fet ,Tr Hor terbakar, & lmpu indikator mati tapi jika Fet dilepas indikator hidup, setelah fet diganti tetap tak mau hidup lmpu indikator, tegangan di power supply normal 115v, intinta tegangan B+ setelah Fet tidak mau keluar, apa ini disebabkan flyback yang rsk. trim sebelumnya jwbn ana tunggu. maklum pemula di bidang service monitor Jawab

Untuk mengetes flyback coba buka flyback lalu tes pakai multitester dengan kaki groun dan kaki Colector atau kaki B+ apabila jarum multitester bergerak biarpun sedikit, berarti flyback rusak. cuman ini saja yang bisa kita tes, kerusakan lainya kita lihat saja dari kondisinya

Oleh: atur on Agustus13,2010 at 4:16 pm Masuk untuk membalas

4 0

Rate This Tanya BAGAIMANA CIRI-CIRI KERUSAKAN FLYBACK Jawab

Ciri-ciri kerusakan Flyback adalah biasanya, semua tegangan dari regulator drop atau bahkan tidak ada sama sekali, biasa juga, jika baru dinyalakan TV, gambarnya kabur setelah sekian menit baru gambarnya normal, dan layar gelap namun screen/fokus di puter tetap saja gelap kadang juga sementara screen diputar gambar kelihatan sebentar lalu menghilang lagi. Jika ada teman teman yang tau ciri-ciri kerusakan flyback yang lainya silahkan di share disini!

Oleh: ACHMAD SAIFULon Agustus5,2010 at 3:40 pm Masuk untuk membalas

2 4

Rate This kalau dari kop flybacknya selalu keluar percikan api/listrik dan tdk muncul gambar,, kira kerusakannya dari apa yah ,,

o
Oleh: agunk on September17,2010 at 4:07 pm Masuk untuk membalas

2 2

Rate This Tanya blognya kok ngak ada menu buat ngeprint yaaa?, thank. Jawab

Kalau blog wordpress belum pinda hosting itu ga bisa kita pasang tombol printga sama halnya kalau kita punya web hosting tersendiri.

Understanding Flyback Transformer Pinout The Easy Way


Television and monitor flyback transformer pinout have some common designed except that the monitor flyback have internal capacitor built in. The internal capacitor value have around 2.7 nanofarad to 4.5 nanofarad to improve the picture quality especially when the monitor that can go for a higher resolution compare to Tv. If without the internal capacitor in the monitor flyback the display will curve or slightly out of shape especially at both the right and left hand side of the picture. Mostly tv and monitor flyback transformers have about ten pins at the bottom of the flyback. Each of the pin have a purpose or function as part of a complete circuit. The common pins that you can find in monitor flyback are: B+ pin, Horizontal collector pulse, ABL (automatic blanking limiter), GROUND, G1, AFC (automatic frequency control), VCC, HEATER (to filament) and X-RAY protection. The B+ and horizontal collector pulse pin forms one winding which we call it as flyback primary winding. It can only can be test by using a flyback meter such as the Dick

Smith Lopt testeror sencore LC102 and LC103C.Normal meters can't check this kind of fault. This is the most important winding compares to others and it can easily developed a short circuit when B+ voltage line or Horizontal output transistor (HOT) shorted. Sometimes a shorted internal capacitor in the flyback transformer may cause the primary winding to burn internally and the flyback became bulge and poured out the epoxy. Other pins are the ground, G1, and AFC winding. AFC stand for automatic frequency control and it send signal (pulse) from the flyback transformer to the horizontal oscillator ic to lock or synchronize the frequency of the monitor. If this AFC line fails the picture will shift either to the far left or far right. There is no way that you can adjust the picture to the center even with the internal adjustment in the mainboard. The purpose of G1 voltage is to pull the electron generated from the cathode (after the heater or filament heat up) and passed it to G2 which is the screen voltage. G1 normally is a negative voltage. Most tv picture tube do not use G1 voltage. If the G1 voltage is missing or zero voltage to the picture tube the monitor display will becomes very bright with retrace lines (diagonal lines or flyback lines) across the screen and sometimes the monitor will goes into shutdown mode. ABL stand for automatic blanking limiter- I refer it as a contrast circuit. Why? because whenever there is a contrast problem i will search for this pin and begin to trace from there. Normally a resistor increased in resistance and a shorted ceramic capacitor caused the display to become dim and you may think it might be the fault of a bad CRT. Heater or filament pin nowadays hardly found in monitor flyback because the crt heater voltage now is derived directly from the switch mode power supply. However heater pin is still can be found in television flyback transformer. If the anode voltage is too high (more than 30 kilovolt), the x-ray protect pin will send a signal to horizontal oscillator ic in order to disable the horizontal drive waveform. Without the horizontal drive pulse the high voltage generated by the flyback will collapsed and protect the user from excessive x-ray. The flyback transformer pinout will also generate high pulse ac which later convert to dc through an ultra fast recovery diode. For your information, the ac pulse generated by the flyback transformer cannot be check with our normal analog or digital meter. the frequency is so high and you need a special meter to do the job. The dc voltages are then supply to various circuit such as the vertical output circuit. If you understand all the functions of each flyback transformer pinout, repairing monitor or tv will be much easier and save your precious time. If you want to know more details about tv and monitor flyback transformer ,you may visit HRDIEMEN website and buy one of those CD that they offered. A little amount of investment can change the whole concept on how you look at a flyback transformer especially the pinout.

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