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VERB TO BE el verbo "to be" sirven para hablar sobre una persona, su nombre, nacionalidad, de dnde es, su profesin,

como se siente y describir las caractersticas de personas, animales u objetos, qu es algo, su color y a quien pertenece. TO BE: Ser /Estar /Tener edad /Sensacin Su infinitivo TO BE es equivalente en espaol a la terminacin verbal ar/er/ir/. Se conjuga de esta manera: AFIRMATIVA: SUJETO + VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENTO I am / (Im):Yo soy /estoy / tengo You are / (You re): Tu eres / ests / tienes He is / Hes: l es / est / tiene She is / Shes: Ella es / est / tiene It is / Its: Esto / est / es, tiene We are / We re: Nosotros somos / estamos / tenemos You are / You re: Ustedes son / estn / tienen They are / They re: Ellos son / estn / tienen El pronombre personal sujeto no vara. Lo que si se modifica es la forma del verbo, que pierde la primera slaba y se sustituye por el apstrofe . Cabe resaltar sus formas negativas e interrogativas. NEGATIVA: SUJETO + VERB TO BE + NOT + COMPLEMENTO I am not / (Im not) You are not / (You arent) He is not / He isnt She is not / She isnt It is not / It isnt We are not / We arent You are not / You arent They are not / They arent INTERROGATIVA: VERB TO BE + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they?

WH-QUESTIONS + AM / IS /ARE + SUBJECT +COMPLEMENT +? Where are you? When is it? Why is she angry?

What is that? Which is your bag?

Who am I? How is he? SIMPLE PRESENT

USES: Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales. The Sun warms the atmosphere. -> El Sol calienta la armsfera. Tambin lo usamos para hablar de hbitos; en este caso, en la oracin suele aparecer expresiones de frecuencia, como usually o always. We play tennis usually. -> Nosotros jugamos al tenis ocasionalmente. You study always. -> Vosotros estudiais siempre. Tambien lo usamos para expresar horarior o programas (como el programa de un espectculo teatral). The train leaves in an hour. -> El tren llega en una hora. AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT NEGATIVE: COMPLEMENT SUBJECT + DONT / DOESNT + VERB +

En la forma negativa aadimos DOES NOT a la tercera persona del singular (he, She, It) y suprimimos la s del verbo principal. Las dems personas llevan DOES NOT Ex: Jason doesnt play soccer everyday They dont go to the beach every Sunday INTERROGATIVE: YES / NO QUESTIONS: DO / DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT +? Situamos el auxiliar DO, DOES al principio de la oracin. En la tercera persona suprimimos la S del verbo principal, porque ya la hemos utilizado en el verbo auxiliar Ex: Do you have a pink blouse? WH QUESTIONS: WH-QUESTIONS + DO / DOES + SUBJECT +VERB + COMPLEMENT + ? What: Qu? Where: Donde?

When: Cuando? Why: Por qu? How: Cmo? FREQUENCY ADVERBS

Who: Quien (es)? Which: Cual (es)? Whose: De quien (es)?

Los adverbios de frecuencia indican cuntas veces ocurre algo. Los ms importantes son: Always Siempre Almost Always Casi Siempre Usually Normalmente Often - A menudo Sometimes - A veces, Algunas veces Almost Never: Casi Nunca Never Nunca Rarely - Raramente

Estos adverbios se colocan generalmente en medio de la frase justo antes del verbo principal. Examples: He always drinks coffee (l siempre bebe caf) She never eats meat (Ella nunca come carne) We often play tennis on Sunday (A menudo jugamos al tenis el domingo) We sometimes go to the cinema on Wednesday (Nosotros a veces vamos al cine el mircoles) Do you often go to the cinema? (T vas a menudo al cine?) Do they usually speak English? (Ellos normalmente hablan ingls?) I usually arrive late (Yo normalmente llego tarde) A veces pueden colocarse en posicin inicial o final: Examples: Sometimes I listen to the news on the radio (A veces escucho las noticias en la radio) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE USES: Utilizamos el present progressive para una Accin que est ocurriendo en el instante en que se habla. Ex: It is (its) raining I am (Im) having a bath You are drinking soda Para comentar cambios o tendencias que estn ocurriendo en el momento actual Ex: The price of food is rising He is going bald Hes cleaning his room much more regularly these days

Con verbos que describen acciones habitualmente repentinas, el uso del presente continuo sugiere que la accin se repita varias veces. Ex: I am jumping she is hitting her brother Adems, podemos utilizar el present progressive para expresar la intencin de hacer algo en el futuro. En estos casos es preciso utilizar una expresin de tiempo para dejar claro que se trata de una accin futura Ex: Im playing golf with Richard on Friday They are arriving on Tuesday We are coming next week Formamos el present progressive con el auxiliar to be y un verbo en la forma ing RULES: Habitualmente aadimos la terminacin ing a la raz del verbo: Ex: Play playing Cuando la raz termina en consonante + e, la e se sustituye por ing Ex: Love loving Cuando la raz termina en ie, la terminacin pasa a ser ying Ex: Die Diying Cuando la raz tiene una vocal seguida de una sola consonante, duplicamos la consonante Ex: Rob robbing Cuando la raz tiene ms de una slaba y se acenta la ltima, duplicamos la consonante final Ex: Refer referring / Begin Beginning Aunque el verbo to travel no tiene la ltima slaba acentuada, en el ingls Britnico la l duplica. Ex: Travel travelling * En el ingls americano se escribe traveling FORM: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + VERB -ING + COMPLEMENT I am playing soccer right now

She is working in the Hospital in this moment NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + VERB -ING + COMPLEMENT She is not eating a hamburger They are not sleeping in the sofa INTERROGATIVE: AM/IS/ARE + SUBJECT + VERB -ING + COMPLEMENT +? Are you drinking a soda? Yes, I am / No, I am not Is he listening to music? Yes, He is / No, He is not WH-QUESTION + AM/IS/ARE + SUBJECT + VERB -ING + COMPLEMENT +? What are you doing? I am washing my car Where are you studying? I am studying in Unimetro PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE PRONOUN + VERB IN PAST + COMPLEMENT I worked last monday You/we/they worked last monday He/she/it worked last monday

NEGATIVE PRONOUN+ DID+ NOT+ VERB (PRESENT) + COMPLEMENT I didnt work last monday You/we/they didnt work last monday He/she/it didnt work last Monday

QUESTION DID + PRONOUN+ VERB(PRESENT) + COMPLEMENT? Did I work last monday?

Did you/we/they work last monday? Did Is/ he/she/ work last monday?

Important note

Por lo general, la forma pasada del verbo es: verb+ed For example: Play - played

Some verbs are named irregulars, because they have a different past form. For example: Go-Went.

USE

Hablar sobre las acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado

Did you read the report? Did you finish the sales project? Did you send the file to Mr. Anders? Dr.Elkin Patarrollo invented the malaria vaccine I met Lance Armstrong 3 years ago I acquired a new car last month I spoke to Martha yesterday I went to Cartagena last year PAST PROGRESSIVE USES
1) Acciones que estaban en curso en un momento especial en

el pasado. Examples: Peter was reading a book yesterday evening.


2) Dos acciones fueron sucediendo al mismo tiempo (las

acciones no se influyen entre s) Examples: Anne was writing a letter while Steve York Times.

was reading

the New

3) acciones repetitivas irritantes para el hablante (con always, constantly, forever) Examples: Andrew was always coming in late. SPELLING Be careful with some words when adding -ing to the infinitive. 1) Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word: Double the consonant. Examples: sit he was sitting put - he was putting

If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it: benefit - benefiting (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.) In British English we double one -l at the end of the word: travel - travelling 2) One -e at the end of the word Leave out the e: Write he was writing take he was taking BUT: double e: add ing: see he was seeing 3) Verbs ending in -ie Change 'ie' to 'y': Lie - he was lying 4) Verbs ending in -c Change 'c' to 'ck': Picnic - he was picnicking FORM: + +

TO BE + (WAS/WERE)

INFINITIVE

-ING

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES: I/he/she/it was playing football. We/you/they were playing football. NOTE: Use was with I, he, she, it - and were with all other pronouns. In affirmative sentences we do not use short forms in the Past Progressive. NEGATIVE SENTENCES: I/he/she/it was not playing football. We/you/they were not playing football. We use short forms in the Past Progressive in negative sentences: I/he/she/it wasn't playing football. We/you/they weren't playing football. QUESTIONS: In the Past Progressive we put the auxiliary (was or were) before the subject (Auxiliary - Subject - Verb - Rest). Was I/he/she/it playing football? Were we/you/they playing football? FUTURE

PRESENT PERFECT USES: El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relacin con el presente. Equivale en castellano al pretrito perfecto:
Examples: I have bought a car.

En las oraciones con "present perfect" no se suele mencionar el momento en el que se ha desarrollado la accin:
Examples: I have read a book. Yo he ledo un libro: la accin acaba de finalizar.

Otro uso tpico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado:
Examples: I have lived in this city since 1980. I have played tennis since my childhood. He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980: implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad. He jugado al tenis desde mi infancia: y sigo jugando

Para formarlo, se usa el auxiliar HAVE, conjugado para la persona correspondiente (cambia solamente para la tercera persona del singular), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas. Observe a continuacin la conjugacin del verbo SER.
TO BE I You He She have been have been has been has been

It We You They

has been have been have been have been

Para los verbos regulares, el participio pasado se forma tomando el propio verbo y agregando "ed", o "d" si termina en vocal. Si terminan en "y", se cambia por "ied". We have played tennis for two hours. Hemos jugado tenis por dos horas. She has arrived late again. Ha llegado tarde de nuevo. You have studied a lot. Has estudiado mucho. Los verbos irregulares tienen su propio participio pasado y la nica manera de aprenderlos es memorizarlos. Normalmente son los que aparecen en la tercera columna de los listados de verbos irregulares en los diccionarios de ingls. Por ejemplo el participio pasado del verbo TO SEE (ver) es "seen". Siempre es igual para todas las personas. We have seen many people around here. Hemos visto mucha gente por aqu. She has seen many people around here. Ella ha visto mucha gente por aqu. Para realizar preguntas usando este tiempo, se usa HAVE (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del sujeto, luego el participio pasado y finalmente el resto de la oracin. Have you had lunch? Has almorzado? La forma negativa se compone del auxiliar HAVE en su forma negativa (conjugado para la persona correspondiente), seguido del participio pasado, que es igual para todas las personas. I haven't seen him yet. An no lo he visto. Presentamos aqu una pequea lista de algunos verbos irregulares con su participio pasado. Intente recordarlos!

INFINITIVO go (ir) have (tener) write (escribir) read (leer) catch (atrapar) fall (caer) hear (escuchar) see (ver) say (decir) give (dar) know (saber)

PARTICIPIO PASADO gone had written Read Caught Fallen Heard Seen Said Given Known

WH QUESTION + HAS/HAVE + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT +?

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