Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fish
Stocking Density Innate Susceptabilty Natural Immunity
Infectious Agents
Parasites Protozoa Fungi Bacteria Virus
D I S
Environment
Oxygen Temperature Waste pH Toxins
E
A S E
Disease Agent
Physical mechanical, thermal, radiant Chemical nutritional deficiences, environmental contaminants, toxins, drug overdosages Biological virus, bacteria, fungi Management and Operation Practices
Recognize early consistent signs of disease Check and record water condition Note Nature of stock and monitor stock regularly Evaluate sanitation and management practices Perform diagnostic test
Syndrome
Erosion of fins
Measures
Affected 2% of stock
Chlorond rococcus
columnar is
Syndrome
Measures
Administer tricholorofon (with caution for smallfish); Niclosomide,le vamisole or mebendazole mixed in feed.
Parasitic Emanciated, although nematode shows good appetite in early stage, then weakens, becomes listless, loses appetite & colour pattern darkens; fin & tail rot and skin patches/ sores; faeces white & string/ slimy; scrapes belly against bottom or may start to tremble; larval stage of parasite located in muscle tissue & can be seen through skin, appearing either coiled up or rod- like
NEMATODE
Capillara sp.
Disease Agent
Anchor worm disease Lernae cyprinacea
Type
Parasitic copepod
Syndrome
Parasitic visible on skin, head embedded deep in the tissues of the host; haemorrhages and open wounds at site of infection; weight loss; respiratory difficulties; sluggishness; red areas; ulcers; scale loss; fin damage; scraping and sometimes hanging vertically or belly up; parasite length 5 to 22 mm.
Measures
KMno4 bath o 0.8-1.1 percent NaCl (KM nO4 may be lethal to small fish at dosages required to kill lernae )
Anchor Worm
Lernea cyprinacea
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Trichodino Trichodin Protozoan Slime covers skin like fog, sis a parasite fins clamped and denuded of tissue
TRICHODINOSIS
Trichodina
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
None stated
SCOLEX INFESTATION
SCOLEX PLEURONECTIS
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Cryptobia Cryptobia Protozoan Dark coloration; increased infestation parasite mucus build up; occasional appearance of skin lesions followed by scale loss; difficult or rapid breathing; reduced appetite and weight loss; secondary bacterial ifections in advance stage leading to pale and / or red skin patches and skin and fin
Treat with formaldehyde (250 ml/litre ) Or 10 mg/litre malachite green; place infected fish in freshwater bath or treat with antibacterial agents.
CRYPTOBIA INFESTATION
CRYPTOBIA
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Caligus Caligus Parasitic Loss of appetite; lethargic infestation longipedis copepod swimming; excess mucus production; lumpy body surface.
Dip infected fish in freshwater (makes transparent parasite visible ); bathe in 150 ppm H2 O2 for 30 minutes.
CALIGUS INFESTATION
CALIGUS LONGIPEDIS
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Parasitic copepod
Parasites skin, base of head, gill and subopercular vent; infested fish try to shake off parasites
Drying and liming of ponds for several weeks ; remove infected fish ; maybe a secondary pathogen.
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Vit. C deficiency
Disease
Agent
Type
Syndrome
Measures
Presence of gas bubble or gills, skin, eyes, fin,abdominal cavity; exopthalmia swollen abdomen; hemorrhagic fin basis; hyperemic peritoneal activity
7.Controlled feeding and feeding high quality food -do not overfeed the fish 8.Routine monitoring of the health status of fish stocks -monitoring of survival, growth rates -observe fish daily, note for abnormalities (poor appetite, flashing, skin color change) 9.Prevent disease introduction -quarantine new stock before introducing them into the culture facility (isolate newly arrived fish at least 2 weeks and observe daily for abnormal behavior or signs of disease)