TELEPHONE NETWORK

CONTENTS
Introduction. Types of telephone networks. Fixed line networks Wireless network. Private network. Components used in telecommunication networks. Terminals. Telecommunication processor. Telecommunication channels. Telecommunication computers. Telecommunication software's. Examples.

INTRODUCTION
A telephone network is a telecommunications network used for telephone calls between two or more parties. A telecommunications network is a collection of terminals, links and nodes which connect to enable telecommunication between users of the terminals. Networks may use circuit switches or message switching. Now a days we are surrounded by number of telephone network and we are familiar to these network.

TYPES OF TELEPHONE NETWORK

A fixed line network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN. A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move around anywhere within the coverage area A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside companies and call centres and is called a private branch exchange (PBX)..

FIXED LINE NETWORK

A landline telephone (also known as land line, land-line, main line, and fixed-line) refers to a phones which uses a solid medium telephone lines such as a metal wires or fiber optic cables for transmission as distinguished from a mobile cellular lines which uses radio waves for transmission. These landline telephone lines are connected to public switched telephone network(PSTN). It consists of telephone lines, fiber optic cables, microwave transmission links, celluar networks, communication satellite, and undersea telephine cables, all inter-connected by switching centers, thus allowing any telephone in the world to communicate with any other. Originally a network of fixed-line analogy telephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital in its core and includes mobile as well as fixed telephones.

FIXED LINE NETWORK

WIRELESS NETWORK
Wireless network refers to any type of network that is not connected by cables of any kind. Neat and easy Installation - since no cable running here and there, just start up the wireless device and you're ready to rumble. Mobility - user device can be moved easily within the wireless range. More user supported - cable device have limited slots whereas wireless does not.

WIRELESS NETWORKS
BASIC WIRELESS NETWORK TYPICAL WIRELESS NETWORK

PRIVATE NETWORKS
Telephone network that serves a particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general public is known as private network. These private network has there own telephone exchange these exchange are known as Private branch exchange(PNX). The primary advantage of PBXs was cost savings on internal phone calls: handling the circuit switching locally reduced charges for local phone service.

PRIVATE NETWORKS

COMPONENTS USED IN TELEPHONE NETWORK

All telecommunication networks are made up of five basic components that are present in each network environment regardless of type or use. These basic components includes: Terminals . Telecommunications processors. Telecommunications channels. Computers. Telecommunications control software.

TERMINALS
Terminals are the starting and stopping points in any telecommunication network environment. Any input or output device that is used to transmit or receive data can be classified as a terminal component.

The above figure represent basic terminal which is used for transmit and receive data.

TELECOMMUNICATION PROCESSOR
Telecommunications processors support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers by providing a variety of control and support functions. (i.e. convert data from digital to analog and back)

TELECOMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Telecommunications channels are the way by which data is transmitted and received. Telecommunication channels are created through a variety of media of which the most popular include copper wires and coaxial cables (structured cabling). Fibre-optical cabling are increasingly used to bring faster and more robust connections to businesses and homes.

COMPUTERS
In a telecommunication environment computers are connected through media to perform their communication assignments.

SOFTWARES
Telecommunications control software is present on all networked computers and is responsible for controlling network activities and functionality.

TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK STRUCHER

Every telecommunications network conceptually consists of three parts: The control part carries control information. The data part carries the network's users traffic. The management part carries the operations and administration traffic required for the network management.

EXAMPLE: THE TCP/IP DATA NETWORK

The Internet protocol suite is the set of communication protocols used for the internet and similar networks, and generally the most popular protocol stack for wide area networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because of its most important protocols: Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first networking protocols defined in this standard.

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