Reading & Research.

Reading lists: Related to the myth of the heroic entrepreneur, focus on behaviour and practice (including general overviews of entrepreneurship, attributes/personalities and other general perspectives)
Bouchikhi, H. 1993 A constructivist framework for understanding entrepreneurship performance, Organisation Studies, 14(4): 549-570. Bouwen, R. and Steyeart, C. 1990 Construing organisational texture in young entrepreneurial firms, Journal of Management Studies, 29(6): 637-649. Bruyat, C. and Julien, P.A. 2001 Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2): 165-180. Busenitz, L.W. and Barney, J.B. 1997 Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making, Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1): 9-30. Busenitz, L.W., West, G.P., Shepherd, D., Nelson, T., Chandler, G.N. and Zacharakis, A. 2003 Entrepreneurship research in emergence: past trends and future directions, Journal of Management, 29(3): 285-308. Chell, E. (1985) The entrepreneurial personality: a few ghosts laid to rest, International Small Business Journal, 3(3):43-54. Davidsson, P. and Wiklund, J. 2001 Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: current research practice and suggestions for the future, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(4): 81-97.

Dodd, S.D. 2002 Metaphors and meaning: a grounded cultural model of US entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 17(5): 519-535.
Downing, S. 2005 The Social construction of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(2):185-204. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Special Issue, Vol. 24(4): 2001. Fletcher, D.E. 2003 Framing organisational emergence: discourse, identity and relationship in C. Steyaert, and D. Hjorth, D. (ed.) New Movements in Entrepreneurship (Glos:Cheltenham/MA:Northampton: Edward Elgar). Fletcher, D.E. 2007 (forthcoming) Toy Story: the narrative world of entrepreneurship and the creation of interpretive communities, Journal of Business Venturing. Fletcher, D.E. and Watson, T.J. 2007 (forthcoming) Entrepreneurship, management learning and negotiated narratives, Management Learning. Gartner, W.B. 1990 What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing 5: 15-28. Hill, R. and Levenhagen, M. 1995 Metaphors and mental models: sensemaking and sense giving in innovative entrepreneurial activities, Journal of Management, 21(6): 1057.

Jack, S. L. and Anderson, A.R. 2002 The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process, Journal of Business Venturing, 17(5): 467-487. Journal of Business Venturing, 1999. Seminar on research perspectives in entrepreneurship (1997). Journal of Management Special Issue, Vol 29(3), 2003. Manimala, M.J. 1992 Entrepreneurial heuristics: a comparison between high pioneeringinnovative (PI) and low PI ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, 7: 477-504.

Ogbor, J.O. 2000 Mythicising and reification in entrepreneurial discourse: ideologycritique of entrepreneurial studies, Journal of Management Studies, 37(5): 605-635. Olson, M. in S.D. Sarasvathy 1997 Seminar on research perspectives in entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 15: 1-57.
Pitt, M. 1998 A tale of two gladiators: reading entrepreneurs as texts, Organisation Studies 19(3):387-414. Stewart, A. 1991 A prospectus on the anthropology of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 16(2): 71-92. Steyaert, C. and Hjorth, D. (eds), 2003 New Movements in Entrepreneurship (Glos:Cheltenham/MA:Northampton: Edward Elgar).

Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P. and Wright, M. 2001 The focus of entrepreneurial research: contextual and process issues, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(4): 57-80
Zafirovski, M. 1999 Probing into the social layers of entrepreneurship outlines of the sociology of enterprise, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11(4):351-372.

Readings on how business ideas are generated; opportunity discovery and process views of entrepreneurship
Arenius, Pia, and de Clercq, D. 2005 A network-based approach on opportunity recognition, Small Business Economics, 24(3):249-265.

Baron, R.A. 1998 Cognitive mechanisms in entrepreneurship: why and when entrepreneurs think differently than other people, Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4): 275-294.
Baron, R.A. 2004 Opportunity recognition: a cognitive perspective, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp.1-6. Casson, M. 2005 The individual-opportunity nexus: a review of Scott Shane: A general theory of entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 24(5):423-430. Chiasson, M. and Saunders, Chad 2005 Reconciling diverse approaches to opportunity research using structuration theory, Journal of Business Venturing, 20(6):747-767. Eckhardt, Jonathan T. and Shane, Scott 2003 Opportunities and Entrepreneurship, Journal of Management, 29(3):333-349. Fletcher, D.E. and Watson, T.J. 2007 (in press) Entrepreneurship, management learning and negotiated narratives, Management Learning. Fletcher, D.E. (2006) The entrepreneurial process and the social construction of opportunity, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, September. Gartner, W.B. 1993 Words lead to deeds: towards an organisational emergence vocabulary, Journal of Business Venturing 8: 231-239. Gartner, W.B., Carter, N.M and Hills, G.E. 2003 The language of opportunity in C. Steyaert, and D. Hjorth (eds) New Movements in Entrepreneurship (Glos:Cheltenham/MA:Northampton: Edward Elgar). Hashemi, S. and Hashemi, B. 2002 Anyone can do It: building Coffee Republic from our kitchen table (Chichester, West Sussex: Capstone Publishing). Kupferberg, F. 1998 Humanistic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial career commitment, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 10:171-188. Lee, J.H. and Venkataraman, S. 2006 Aspirations, market offerings, and the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities, Journal of Business Venturing, 21(1):107-123. Lumpkin, G.T., Hills, G.E. and Strader, R.C. 2003 Opportunity recognition in H.P. Welsch (ed) Entrepreneurship: the way ahead, New York: Routledge. Lumpkin, G.T. and Lichtenstein, B.B. 2005 The role of organisational learning in the opportunity-recognition process, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(4):451-472. Shane, S. 2000 Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities, Organization Science, 2, 448-469.

Shane, S. 2003 A general theory of entrepreneurship: the individual-opportunity nexus, Northampton, MASS, Edward Elgar. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. 2000 The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research, Academy of Management Review, 25(1): 217-226. Steyaert, C. 1998 A qualitative methodology for process studies of entrepreneurship, International Studies of Management and Organisation, 27(3): 13-33.

Readings relating to strategy and entrepreneurship, professional management and teams situations
Fischer, E., Reuber, A.R., Hababou, Moez, Johnson, W. and Lee, S. 1997 The role of socially constructed temporal perspectives in the emergence of rapid growth firms, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 22(2):13-18.

Birley, S. (1985) The Role of Networks in the Entrepreneurial Process, Journal of Business Venturing, 1,107-118. Churchill, N.C. and Lewis, V.L. 1983 The five Stages of Business Growth. Harvard Business Review, 61, 3:30-50. Czarniawska and Wolff, 1991, Leaders, Managers, Entrepreneurs On and Off the Organizational Stage, Organization Studies, 12(4):529-546.
Fletcher, D.E. (2002) Cultural organising and professional management in the small family business, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9(4):400-415.

Greiner, L. 1997 Evolution and Revolution as Firms Grow, Harvard Business Review, July-August: 37-46. Stewart, A. 1989 Team Entrepreneurship, Newbury Park, Calif: Sage;
Wickham, P. A (2004) Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Decision-Making Approach to New Venture Creation and Management 3rd Edition. Harlow, Essex, UK. Pearson Education Limited.

Entrepreneurship development/emerging regions

Readings:

and

small

business

policy/regional

Butler, J.E. and Hansen, G.S. (1991) Network Evolution, Entrepreneurial Success and Regional Development, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 3, 1-16. Hjorth, D. and Johannisson, B. 2003 Conceptualising the opening phase of regional development as the enactment of a collective identity, Concepts and Transformations, 8:1:69-92. Johannisson, B. 1990 Community Entrepreneurship cases and conceptualisation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2:71-88. Katz, J. and Steyaert, C. 2004 Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society: geographical, discursive and social dimensions, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(3): 179-196. Lorenzoni, G. and Ornati, O.A. (1988) 'Constellations of Firms and New Ventures', Journal of Business Venturing, (3): 41-57.

Reading: Entrepreneurship and families Ainsworth, S. and Cox, J. W. (2003) Families Divided: Culture and Control in Small Family Business, Organization Studies, 24(9): 1463-1485. Aldrich, H. and Cliff, J. (2003) The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship: Toward a Family Embeddedness Approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573-597. Baines, S. and Wheelock, J. (1998a) Working for Each Other: Gender, the Household and Micro-Business Survival and Growth, International Small Business Journal, 17(1), 16-35. Barry, B. (1989) Development of Organisation Structure, Family Business Review, 2(3), 293-315. Beckhard, R. and Dyer, W.G., Jr. (1983) Managing Continuity in the Family Owned Business, Organizational Dynamics, 12(1), 512. Beehr, T.A., Drexler, J.A. and Faulkner, S. (1997) Working in Small Family Businesses: Empirical Comparisons to Non-Family Businesses, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(3), 297-312. Bird, B., Welsch, H., Astrachan J. H. and Pistrui, D. (2002) Family Business Research: The Evolution of an Academic Field, Family Business Review, 15(4), 337-350. Cabrera-Surez, K., Sa-Prez, P. D. and Garca-Almeida, D. (2001) The Succession Process from a Resource- and Knowledge-Based View of the Family Firm, Family Business Review, 14 (1), 37-48. Chua, J., Chrisman, J. and Sharma, P. (1999) Defining the Family Business by Behaviour, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H. and Steier, L. P. (2003) An Introduction to Theories of Family Business, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 441-448. Chrisman, J.J., Chua, J.H. and Litz, R. (2003) A Unified Systems Perspective of Family Firm Performance: An Extension and Integration, Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 467472. Davies, P. and Stern, D. (1980) Adaptation, Survival, and Growth of the Family Business: An Integrated Systems Perspective, Human Relations, 34(4), 207-224. Donckels, R. and Frhlich, E. (1991) Are Family Businesses Really Different? European Experiences from STRATOS, Family Business Review, 7, 149-160. Dyer. W. G. (1989) Integrating Professional Management into the Family-Owned Business, Family Business Review, 2(3), 221-235. Fitzgerald, M. A. and Muske, G. (2002) Copreneurs: An Exploration and Comparison to Other Family Businesses, Family Business Review, 15(1), 1-16. Fletcher, D.E. (Ed) (2000) Understanding the small family business, London: Routledge. Fletcher, D.E. (2002) Cultural organising and professional management in the small family business, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9(4):400-415.

Fox, M., Nilikant, V. and Hamilton, R.T. (1996) Managing Succession in Family-Owned Businesses, International Small Business Journal, 15(1), 15-25. Gibb, W., Dyer, W. G., Jr. and Handler, W. (1994) Entrepreneurship and Family Business: Exploring the Connection, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(1) 71-84. Greenwood, R. (2003) Toward a Theory of Agency and Altruism in Family Firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 491-494. Habbershon, T. G., Williams, M. and Kaye. K. (1999) A Resource-Based Framework For Assessing The Strategic Advantages Of Family Firms, Family BusinessReview, 12(1), 1-15. Heck, Z. and Kay, R. (2004) A Commentary on Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non-Family Firms: A Resource-Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture, by Zahra, S. A., Hayton, J. C. and Salvato, C., Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 383-389. Hoy, F. and Verser, T.G. (1994) 'Emerging Business, Emerging Field: Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18 (Fall), 9-23. Hollander, B. S. and Elman N. S. (1988) Family-Owned Businesses: An Emerging Field of Inquiry, Family Business Review, 1(2), 145-164. Gersick, K.E., Davis, J.A., Hampton, M. M. and Lansberg, I. (1997) Generation to Generation: Life Cycles of the Family Business, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kimhi, A. (1997) Intergenerational Succession in Small Family Businesses: Borrowing Constraints and Optimal Timing of Succession, Small Business Economics, 9(4), 309-318. Leach, P. (1994) The Stoy Hayward Guide to the Family Business, London: Kogan Page. Litz, R.A. (1995) The Family Business: Toward Definitional Clarity, Family Business Review, 8(2), 71-81. McCollom, M.E. (1988) Integration in the Family Firm: When the Family System Replaces Controls and Culture, Family Business Review, 1(4), 399-417. Morck, R. and Yeung, B. (2003) Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 27(4), 367-382. Muncie, J. and Sapsford, R. (1997) Issues in the Study of The Family Family. In Muncie, J., Wetherell, M., Langan, M., Dallos and Cochrane, A. (eds.) Understanding the Family, London:Sage. Ram, M. and Holliday, R. (1993) Relative Merits: Family Culture and Kinship in Small Firms, Sociology, 27(4), 629-648. Rapoport, R., and Rapoport, R. (1976) Dual-Career Families Re-Examined: New Integrations of Work and Family, New York: Harper and Row. Rogoff, E. G., Kay R. and Heck, Z. (2003) Evolving Research in Entrepreneurship and Family Business: Recognizing Family as the Oxygen that Feeds the Fire of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 559-566. Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H. and Dino, R. N. (2003) Toward a Theory of Agency and Altruism in Family Firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 473-490.

Sharma, P. (2004) An Overview Of The Field Of Family Business Studies: Current Status And Directions For The Future, Family Business Review, 17(1), 136. Westhead, P., Cowling, M., Storey, D. and Howorth, C. (2002). The Scale and Nature of Family Businesses, in Fletcher, D.E. (2002) (ed.) Understanding the Small Family Business, London: Routledge. Wheelock, J. (1990) Husbands at Home: the domestic economy in a post-industrial society, London: Routledge. Zahra, S., Hayton, H., and Salvato, C. (2004) Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non-Family Firms: A Resource-Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 363-381.

Corporate Entrepreneurship
Badguerahanian, L. and Abetti, P. A. 1995, The rise and fall of the Merin-Gerin Foundry business: A case study in French corporate entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, No. 6, p. 477-493. Baden-Fuller, C., 1995, Strategic innovation, corporate entrepreneurship and matching outside-in to inside-out approaches to strategy research. British Journal of Management, 6 (Special Issue), 3-16. Barrett, H. and Weinstein, A. 1998, 'The effect of market orientation and organizational flexibility on Corporate Entrepreneurship', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, p. 57-70. Barringer, B. R. and Bluedorn, A. G. 1999, 'The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, p. 421444. Bhide, A. V. 2000, The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Birkinshaw, J., 1997, Entrepreneurship in multinational corporations: The characteristics of subsidiary initiatives, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 207-229. Birkinshaw, J., 2000, Entrepreneurship in the Global Firm. London. Sage. Block, Z., and MacMillan, I. C., 1993, Corporate Venturing: Creating new businesses within the first. Harvard Business School Press, Boston. Block, Z. and Ornati, O. A., 1987, Compensating corporate venture managers. Journal of Business Venturing, 2 (1), 41-51. Brazeal, D. V., 1993, Organizing for internally developed corporate ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 8, p.75-90. Burgleman, R. A., 1983, A process model of internal corporate venturing in a diversified major firm, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 1, p. 223-244. Burgleman, R. A., 1983, Corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management: Insights from a process study, Management Science, Vol. 29, No. 12, p. 1349-1364. Carrier, C. 1994, 'Intrapreneurship in large firms and SMEs: A comparative study', International Small Business Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, p. 54-61. Chesbrough, H, 2000, Designing corporate ventures in the shadow of private venture capital, California Management Review, Vol. 42, No. 3, p. 31-49. Covin, J. G. and Miles, M. P., 1999, 'Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, p. 47-63. Covin, J. G. and Slevin, D. P., 1991, 'A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behaviour', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 16, p. 7-25.

Day, D. L. 1994, Raising radicals: Different processes for championing innovative corporate ventures, Organization Science, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 148-172. Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T. and McGee, J. E., 1999. Linking corporate entrepreneurship to strategy, structure, and process: suggested research directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, No. 3, p. 85-102. Filatotchev, I., Wright, M., Buck, T. and Zhukov, V., 1999, 'Corporate entrepreneurs and privatised firms in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus', Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, No. 5/6, p. 475-492. Garud, R. and Van de Ven, A. H., 1992, An empirical evaluation of the internal corporate venturing process. Strategic Management Journal, 13 (Special issue), 93-109. Guth, W. D. and Ginsburg, A., 1990, Guest editors' introduction: Corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 11 (Summer), 5-15. Hisrich, R. D. and Peters, M. P., 1986, Establishing a new business venture unit within the firm, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 1, p. 307-322. Hitt, M. A., Nixon, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. and Kochlar, R., 1999, Corporate entrepreneurship and cross-functional fertilization: activation process and disintegration of a new product design team, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, p. 145-167. Hornsby, J.S., Naffziger, D. W., Kuratko, D. F. and Montagno, R. V., 1990, Developing an intrapreneurial assessment instrument for an effective corporate entrepreneurial environment, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, p. 49-58. Hornsby, J.S., Naffziger, D. W., Kuratko, D. F., and Montagno, R. V., 1993, An interactive model of the corporate entrepreneurship process, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 17, No. 2, p. 29-37. Jones, G. R. and Butler, J. E., 1992, Managing internal corporate entrepreneurship: An agency theory perspective, Journal of Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 733-749. Kanter, R. M., 1985, Supporting innovation and venture development in established companies, Journal of Business Venturing, No. 1, p.47-60. Kanter, R. M., 1988, When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural collective, and social conditions for innovation in organisation. Research in Organizational Behaviour, 10, 169-211. Kanter, R. M., 1989, When Giants Learn to Dance, London: Routledge. Kuratko, D. F., Montagno, R. V. and Hornsby, J. S. 1990, Developing an intrapreneurial assessment instrument for an effective corporate entrepreneurial environment, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, p. 49-58. MacMillan, I. C., Block, Z and Narasimha, P. N. S., 1986, Corporate venturing: alternatives, obstacles encountered and experience effects, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 9, p. 351369. McGrath, R. G., 1995, Advantage from adversity: Learning from disappointment in internal corporate ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, p. 121-142.

McGrath, R. G., Venkataraman, S., and MacMillian, I. C., 1994, The advantage chain: Antecedents and rents from internal corporate ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 9 (5), 351-369. Merrifield, D. B., 1993, Intrapreneurial corporate renewal, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 8, No. 5, p. 383-389. Miles, M. P. and Covin, J. G., 2002, 'Exploring the practice of corporate venturing: Some common forms and their organizational implications', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 26, No. 3, p. 21 - 40. Pinchot, G., 1986, Intrapreneuring: Why You Don't Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur, New York. Harper and Row. Sharma, P. and Chrisman, J. J., 1999, 'Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23, p. 11-47. Sykes, H. B. and Block, Z., 1989, Corporate venturing obstacles: sources and solutions, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 4, p. 159-167. Thornhill, S. and Amit, R., 2001, A dynamic perspective of internal fit in corporate venturing. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (1), 25-49. Zahra, S. A. 1991, Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An explanatory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 6 (4), 259-285. Zahra, S. A., 1993, Environment, corporate entrepreneurship, and financial performance: A taxonomic approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 8 (4), 319-340. Zahra, S. A., 1995, Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: A taxonomic approach, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 225-247. Zahra, S. A., 1996, Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industry technological opportunities, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, p. 1713-1735. Zahra, S. A. 1996, Technology strategy and new venture performance: A study of corporatesponsored and independent biotechnology ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 11, No. 4, p. 289-321. Zahra, S. A. and Covin, J. G., 1995, Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurshipperformance relationship: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 10 (1), 4358. Zahra, S. A. and Garvis, D. M., 2000, International corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: The moderating effect of international environmental hostility. Journal of Business Venturing, 15 (5), 469 - 492.

Entrepreneurship through franchising

Hoy, F and Stanworth, J (2003), Franchising : An International Perspective, Routledge Bradach, J.L. (1998) Franchise Organizations, Harvard Business School Press Carter, S. and Jones-Evans, D (eds.) (2000): Enterprise and Small Business, FT/Prentice Hall. Chapter 12 Felstead,A, (1993) The Corporate Paradox: Power and control in the Business Franchise International Thompson Business Press Lashley, C. & Morrison, A (eds) (2000) Franchising Hospitality Services, Butterworth Heinemann Mendelsohn, M., (2001) The Guide to Franchising (6th. edn.), Continuum International Publishing Group - Academic and Professional Perdy, D., Stanworth, J. and Hatcliffe, M., (1996) Franchising in Figures, University of Westminster Press Price,S., (1997)The Franchise Paradox, Cassell Toplis, N, Marsh, G (2004) The 60 Minute Guide to Franchising, 60 Minute Book Company, England

Globalisation and entrepreneurship/internationalisation of small firms

Anderson, O. 1993 The Internationalisation Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis, Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 2:209-31. Autio, E. Sapienza, H.J. and Almeida, J.G. 2000 Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity and imitability on international growth, Academy of management journal, 43(5):909-924; Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. 1989 Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution (London, Hutchinson Business Books). Birley, S. and Macmillan, I. (ed) 1995 International Entrepreneurship: London: Routledge. Birley, S. and Macmillan, I. (ed) 1997 Entrepreneurship in a Global Context, London:Routledge. Boter, H. and Holmquist, C. 1996 Industry characteristics and internationalisation processes in small firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 11:471-487; Christensen, P.R. 1991 The Small and Medium-Sized Exporters Squeeze: Empirical Evidence and Model Reflexions, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 4, 3:49-65. Coviello, N.E. and Munro, H.J. 1995 Growing the entrepreneurial firm: networking for international market development, European journal of marketing, 29(7):49-61; Coviello, N.E. and Munro, H.J. 1997 Network relationships and the internationalisation process of small software firms, International business review, 6(4):361-386; Dawes, B. 1995 International Business: A European Perspective, Cheltenham, Glos: Stanley Thornes; Ghoshal, S. 1987 Global Strategy: an organising framework, Strategic Management Journal, 8, 5:425-440. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K. 1985 Do you really have a global strategy? Harvard Business Review, July-August, 139-48. Ibeh, K. 2000 Internationalisation and the Small Firm, in Carter, S. and Jones-Evans D. (2000) Enterprise and Small Business, Principles, Practice and Policy, Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education ltd; Jones, M.V. 1999 The internationalisation of small high technology firms, Journal of international marketing, 7(4):15-41; Kogut, B. 1985 Designing Global Strategies: comparative and competitive value added chains, Sloan Management Review, 26, 4:15-28. Levitt, T. 1983 The Globalisation of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May/June. Madsen, T.K. and Servais, P. 1997 The Internationalisation of Born Globals: an evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6):561-583; McDougall, P.P. & Oviatt, B.M. 2000 International Entrepreneurship: the intersection of two research paths, Academy of management journal, vol. 43(5):902-906;

Miesenbock, K.J. 1988 Small Business and Exporting: A Literature Review. International Small Business Journal, 6(1):42-61. Namiki, N. 1988 Export Strategy for Small Business, Journal of Small Business Management, 26, 2:33-37. OFarrel, P.N., Wood, P.A. and Sheng, J. 1998 Internationalisation by business service SMEs: an inter-industry analysis, International Small Business Journal, 16(2):13-33; Ohmae, K. 1989 Managing in a Borderless World. Harvard Business Review, May-June:152-61. Segal-Horn, S. and Faulkner, D. 1999 The Dynamics of International Strategy (International Thompson Business Press: London); Solberg, C.A. 1997 Framework for Analysis of Strategy Development in Globalising Markets. Journal of International Marketing, 5, 1:9-30. Westhead, P., Wright, M. and Ucbasaran, D. 2001 The internationalisation of new and small firms: a resource based view, Journal of Business Venturing 16( ):333-358; Zacharakis. A.L. 1997 Entrepreneurial Entry into Foreign markets: a transaction cost perspective, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 21(3):23-39; Zahra, S.A. Neubaum, D. and Huse, M. 1997 The Effect of the Environment on Export Performance among Telecommunications New Ventures, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22(1):25-46; Yip, G. 1992 Total Global Strategy (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ).

Reading list - related to research issues and the small business; interview techniques

Curran, J. and Blackburn, R.A. 2001 Researcher the Small Enterprise, London: Sage;
Fletcher, D.E. 2007 (in press) Toy Story: the narrative world of entrepreneurship and the creation of interpretive communities, Journal of Business Venturing. Fletcher, D.E. 2003 Framing organisational emergence: discourse, identity and relationship in C. Steyaert, and D. Hjorth, D. (ed.) New Movements in Entrepreneurship (Glos:Cheltenham/MA:Northampton: Edward Elgar). Goffman, E. 1972 Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction, (Harmondsmith: Penquin University Books). Grant, P. and Perren, L. 2002 Small business and entrepreneurial research: metatheories, paradigms and prejudices, International Small Business Journal, 20(2): 185-209.

Business planning

For The Pyramid Principle see Wickham, P. (2004) Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Decision-Making Approach to New Venture Creation and Management 3rd Edition. Harlow, Essex, UK. Pearson Education Limited. Stutely, R (1999) The Definitive Business Plan, Pearson Education Ltd (provides good common sense explanation of all aspects of business planning process, with sufficient examples to work with). Blackwell, E. (1998) How to prepare a Business Plan, (3rd. edn.), Kogan Page (An excellent guide to the contents, uses and pitfalls in the development of business plans). Barrow, C. and Barrow, P. (2001) The Business Plan Workbook, (4th. edn.), Kogan Page (A step-by-step guide to start up planning). Finch, B (2001), How to Write a Business Plan, Kogan Page, [A cheap practical guide to writing a business plan). Morris, M, (2001) Starting a Successful Business, Kogan Page, (Explains the start-up process set-by-step and includes sections on business plans).