Trng HNN1

Khoa CN-TS

Chng V. Bnh thng gp VTS

ThS. GV. Kim Vn Vn B mn: Nui trng thy sn

Chng V. Bnh thng gp VTS

I. Bnh truyn nhim 1. Bnh do vi rt VTS 2. Bnh do vi khun VTS 3. Bnh do nm VTS II. Bnh do k sinh trng 1. Bnh ngoi KST VTS 2. Bnh ni KST VTS 3. Bnh truyn ly gia ngi, V trn cn v VTS III. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

Bnh do vi rt gy ra VTS

Xem li phn VSV ng dng: mt s vi rt thng gy bnh VTS.

Bnh xut huyt c trm c

(Grass carp haemorrhagic disease)
1. NN gy bnh: Reovirus. kt 60-80nm. Nhn VR ds ARN v khng c v bc. 2. Loi b nh hng: C Trm c (Ctenopharyngodon idella), C Trm en (Mylopharyngodon piceus), C M (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). 3. Triu chng bnh: C b bnh c biu hin li mt, xut huyt trn mang hoc mang nht nht, xut huyt gc vy hoc trn np mang. Bnh ln u tin c pht hin TQ trn 20 nm v trc. Cc v dch xut hin min Nam TQ vo ma h khi To t 24-30oC. Bnh cp tnh gy ra t l cht ln n 80% c ging di 1 nm tui. Khi m c thy XH c, xoang ming, rut, gan lch v thn.

C bnh gim hng cu, protein, can xi v ur nhng li tng kali huyt. Biu hin ca c bnh v t l gy cht c quan st thy trong vng 1-2 tun sau khi cm nhim To >25oC. VR gy tn thng t bo sau khi gy nhim 3-4 ngy To nui cy 28-30oC. Vaccine gy MD t t l bo h 80% sau 4 ngy dng To > 20oC. 4. C bnh: Phn lp VR bng P2 nui cy t bo (cc dng t bo: GCK 84, GCG v GCF) P2 PCR KHV in t. 5. Phng v x l bnh Dng vaccine Bnh xy ra dng bt ti lm hn ch t l cht do bnh. Gi

MT. (Health Fish)

Reovirus trong thn c trm c

C trm c en thn, tch n, bi l trn tng mt

Du hiu bn ngoi ca c bnh

C trm c b xut huyt do vi rt

Bnh tch trn c c bnh

Bnh c chp trong ma xun

(Spring Viraemia Carp = SVC)

NN. Rhabdovirus gy bnh trn nhiu loi c chp: C chp, c chp cnh (koi carp), c trm c, c m trng, c m hoa, c dic, c vng... Bnh thng xy ra K To thp. C nhim bnh c th gy cht do mt cn bng mui - nc, c c biu hin ph n, xut huyt. VR thng tn cng t bo ni mc thnh mch mu, m sn sinh mu (haematopoietic tissue). C sng st qua v dch c MD mnh v c th xc nh bng P2 trung ho VR, P2MD hunh quang hoc P2 ELISA. Nhng P2 ny cng c th xc nh c c mang VR t nhng c cha c triu chng bnh. VR thng kh tr gan, thn, lch, mang v no

Carp Koi

Ly truyn bnh: Bnh truyn ngang. C th trc tip hoc gin tip. Ngun d tr mm bnh t c nhim thi VR ra MT thng qua phn, cc cht bi tit ri truyn bnh sang c nui. mn cm vi bnh cng ph thuc vo tnh trng ca cc c th trong loi: tnh trng sinh l, tui... lin quan n MD khng c hiu. i vi bnh ny c nh nhy cm hn vi bnh.

Bnh c chp cnh

(Carp Koi Disease)
NN. Herpesvirus gy bnh c chp cnh (Koi Herpesvirus = KHV) (Cyprinus carpio). C trm c hu nh khng nhim bnh ny. Du hiu bnh l: Mang nht nht. C b bnh thng c biu hin ngp thiu kh trn b mt. T l cht bnh nhanh sau khi c c biu hin bnh 24-48h. T l c cht do bnh t 80-100%. VR gy vim thn v hoi t mang v lm tng tit mucous trn b mt c th. Do gy vim v hoi t nn rt d bi nhim nm, vi khun v KST. C nh mn cm vi bnh hn c trng thnh.

Ma v xut hin bnh: Bnh thng xut hin vo ma xun, khi To nc bin ng t 18-29oC. Trong K PTN thy bnh c th xut hin c khi To nc 16oC. Trong TN bnh khng xut hin <16oC v > 30oC. Thi gian bnh khong 14 ngy v c th cn lu hn. C da trn P2 phn lp v nhn dng VR trc tip bng cch nui cy t bo (cell line), bng P2 PCR, hoc P2 gin tip thng qua phn ng ELISA. C phn bit vi bnh do VR khc c chp (Spring Viremia of Carp: SVC). Bnh xy ra trn nhiu i tng nh c chp, c m..., bnh do ARN virus, Rabdovirus. Bnh xy ra To nc thp (5-18oC).

Phng v x l bnh: Khi bnh xy ra hin khng c thuc iu tr mang li hiu qu, Bin php tng To nc lm cho bnh khng xy ra nhng gp mt ni nguy him c vn mang mm bnh nn li l ngun ly nhim tim tng, hn na khi tng To rt d pht sinh cc bnh VK, KST. Vic tng To thng ch p dng c i vi cc b c cnh. Khi pht hin thy bnh thng hu b ton b c nhim v kh trng ton b dng c c tip xc vi c bnh bng chlorine 200 ppm trong 1 gi. Phng bnh thng qua kim dch cht ch v nui cch ly c mi nhp v.

KHV

Bnh l lot
(Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

NN: bnh kt hp Rhabdovirus (65x175nm), VK A. hydrophyla v nm Aphanomyces invadans. Bnh thng xy ra khi To thp (T11-T2) Loi nhim bnh: C qu, r ng, c sc rn, c chi. (Khng thy xut hin c trm c). Bnh xy ra nhiu nc: c, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vit nam Triu chng: trn thn xut hin cc vt lot, hoi t su trong c. y l bnh mn tnh ly lan nhanh do tip sc, theo ngun nc. C: Triu chng, phn lp tc nhn, M bnh hc, KHV in t. X l: MT + thuc, c lnh bnh, vy mc li

M c c tr b nhim bnh EUS, nhng im en l si nm

M c c tr b nhim bnh EUS nhum E&H, mi tn th hin bc nm

M c c tr bnh thng nhum Eosin v Hematoxylin

Bnh do vi rt gy ra c da trn
(Channel Catfish Virus Disease = CCVD)
1. NN: Herpesvirus ictaluri. kt 80-100nm. ds AND v c v bc. 2. Loi b nh hng: Cc loi c da trn: c tr, nheo, basa, c tra.. 3. Triu chng bnh: Bnh cp tnh thng xy ra c hng, c ging c kch c di 10cm, c bt v c trng thnh cng b nhim bnh. C bnh c biu hin trng bng, li mt, nht nht hoc xut huyt mang, lm tm xut huyt gc vy v di da. C ti 20-50% s c trong v dch bi ni u trn mt nc.

V dch nghim trng c t l cht bnh ln ti 100% c di 1 nm tui 25oC hoc cao hn, trong vng 710 ngy. T l cht bnh cao tp trung To 21-24oC, c khng b cht bnh To <18oC. Trong bnh ny cng thng b nhim th pht mt s loi VK nh Flavobacterium columnaris, A. hydrophila hoc nhim nm. Bnh tin trin ban u nhn ln v gy xut huyt thn, lch sau VR lan ti rut, gan, tim, v no. VR gy hoi t m v ng thn, ph, hoi t v tc nghn gan, ph rut, tc nghn v xut huyt lch. Khi cm nhim bnh cn thy c b xut huyt di c.

C sng st sau v dch thng gy yu, c c chiu di bng 2/3 v P bng 1/7 so vi c i chng c cng ch D2 . VR xm nhp v tn cng vo c t ngun nc thng qua mang, rut. VR c th c phn lp t thn c bnh trn c s dng t bo dng CCO hoc BB (brown bullhead) gy bnh tch t bo sau khi nui cy 24-48h. To thch hp cho VR PT l 25-30oC. Trong v dch VR c th c truyn t c bnh sang c lnh. Trong t nhin cng nh cm nhim c hng b cht bnh trong vng 3-7-10 ngy sau khi nhim. VR cng tn ti c b m kho mnh.

4. C bnh: Phn lp VR bng P2 nui cy t bo (cc dng t bo: CCO, v BB) P2 PCR KHV in t. IFAT. 5. Phng v x l bnh Sng lc c b m khng b nhim bnh trc khi cho S2. Kh trng MT nui thng qua h thng lc SH.

Hi chng quay trn c r phi

(Spinning Tilapia Syndrome)

NN: Iridovirus (110-140nm) C r phi hng, ging b bnh c biu hin bi xoay trn sau chm xung y, ri ni ln mt nc 1 gc 45o, ngp kh. C khng n v chuyn mu ti C b bnh c t l cht ln n 100% C phn bit c r phi nhim trng bnh xe

Bnh Lymphocystis
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Nguyn nhn: Do vi rt Iridovirus (130330nm) Bnh thng xy ra c bin Triu chng bnh: C b bnh xut hin khi u c ng knh ti 5mm trn da, mang, vy. Do s tng sinh cc m t bo. Bnh t xy ra c trng thnh. Chn on: Biu hin bnh (khi u), m bnh hc v C bng KHV in t.

Vi rt gy bnh

Bnh do Iridovirus c song i loan (Grouper Iridovirus of Taiwan Disease = TGIV)

1.

2.

3.

4.

NN: VR Iridovirus (220-240nm), VR c tnh khng nguyn ging VR gy hoi t t bo mu truyn nhim ca c Hng phn lp c Nht bn v c song Thi lan Triu chng bnh: C bi quay vng v thiu mu, c b n, gy yu ri cht, tng sinh t bo nh hng ca c: Bnh cp tnh lm cht n 60%, khi cm nhim bnh t l cht cng dn n 100% trong 11 ngy khng c triu chng khc. C: Biu hin bnh, v C bng KHV in t.

Bnh ng ca c song (Sleepy Grouper Disease = SGD)

NN: Iridovirus (130-160 nm) Biu hin c bnh: mt tnh thm n, hn m lu, lim dim. C bi l 1 mnh trn tng mt hoc di y. nh hng trn k ch: Bnh xy ra c c trng lng 100-200 g v 2-4 kg Malaysia, Singapore. Bnh cp tnh gy cht n 50% c, thng xut hin vo m v gn sng. Bnh cht sau 3-5 ngy c hot ng chm chp, nm yn khng hot ng. Mt s c c biu hin mang nht nht, np mang chuyn ng nhanh ngp kh. Lch sng, i khi sng thn trc v vim tim VR c tm thy trong lch, tim, thn ca c nhim C: Triu chng, KHV in t

Iridovirus trong nhn TB gan ty c song

C vc b bnh thn chuyn mu ti, gan c mu nu; C song cht do bnh c ng

Bnh do vi rt gy hoi t t bo thn kinh

(Viral Nervous Necrosis = VNN)
y l mt bnh truyn nhim do vi rt gy nn v cn c gi vi cc tn khc nhau nh hi chng lit, vi rt gy vim no v mng nhn, bnh xoay trn, bnh thn kinh c, bnh vim no c. 1. NN: Nordavirus. kt 25-30nm. VR gy bnh c hnh cu, nhn l ss ARN v khng c v bc. 2. Loi b nh hng: Bnh xy ra ch yu trn c song ngoi ra bnh cn xy ra mt s loi c bin khc nh c trp Bnh c bo co xy ra Thi lan, Nht bn, i loan, Singapore, Hy lp, c, chu u, Innxia, Brunei v Philippines.

3. TC, Bnh tch v s phn b bnh C bt, c hng nhim bnh gy cht, mu nht nht, mt tnh thm n, mt cn bng v bi xoy. Mt s c chm xung y sau ni ln b mt. Bnh xy ra nghim trng c <20 ngy tui. C bnh th hin gan nht nht, rut trng rng thc n nhng li cha y dch mu xanh nu, lch c m v vim bng hi. VR nhn ln trong mt, no v cc si thn kinh lm nh hng n c v cn to ra cc th khng bo t bo no v mng nhn. VR cng nhn ln trong c quan sinh dc, gan, thn, d dy v rut. Bnh xy ra Thi lan, i loan gy cht t 50-95% c bt, c hng To 26-30oC.

Bnh c th truyn c t c bnh sang c kho sau 4 ngy tip xc. c lc ca VR 28oC cao hn 16oC. C b m cng c th l ngun cha VR. 4. C bnh: P2 m bnh hc cho thy th khng bo trong t bo thn kinh no, mt. VR c phn lp bng dng t bo SSN-1 v barramudi. P2 PCR. - KHV in t ELISA - FAT 5. Phng v x l bnh Kim tra c b m trc khi cho sinh sn, ch dng c b m khng mang VR VNN. Kim tra c ging trc khi th. Lu khi dng thc n bng c tp

Bnh m trng tm s White Spot Disease (WSD)

-

Trong 2 thp k va qua nhiu v dch bnh xy ra trn tm nui, NN chnh l do VR. - Bnh m trng tm s thng xy ra v gy nhiu thit hi.

1. Tn gi ca bnh

Baculovirus m trng (WSBV) Vi rt m trng (WSV) Baculovirus gy hoi t t bo biu b v t bo mu. Bnh m trng (WSD) Hi chng m trng do vi rt (WSSV)

2. Phn b bnh

Bnh c bo co ln u tin xy ra i loan, Trung Quc nm 1991-1992. Bnh xy ra Nht bn nm 1993 do nhp khu tm t TQ. Sau bnh lan ra khp ni ni Chu : n , Innxia, Triu tin, Malaysia, Thi lan, Vit nam ri lan sang Chu M.

3. Tc nhn gy bnh
L Baculovirus, VR c hnh que KT ca VR: 70-150 x 250-420 nm Cu trc nhn ca VR l ADN c chui xon kp

4. Loi b nh hng

Tm s tt c cc giai on. Tm bc (tm he, tm nng), tm he chn trng, tm s Nht bn, tm ro... V mt s loi gip xc khc: Cua bn, tm cng xanh v Artemia.

5. Triu chng ca tm bnh

Gim hoc b n Bin i mu sc Bi trn tng mt v bm vo thnh ao Xut hin cc m trng trn v vi kt 0,5-2 mm. Lc u m xut hin gip u ngc, t bng th 5-6 sau lan ra ton b v tm.

Gip u ngc tm b bnh m trng

6. nh hng trn k ch

Tm gim n dn n rut trng rng Bnh xy ra nhanh v t l cht cao ln ti 100% trong vng 3-10 ngy. Bnh xy ra trn nhiu loi gip xc nui v lm bin i nhiu c quan, t chc Bnh thng mn cm nht tm s c 2,5 g/con, sau khi th tm c 1 thng. Bnh c th xut hin t giai on u trng n tm b m.

m trng do vi khun Bacillus ?

Tm s b bnh m trng do vi rt

Tm thng b nh hng trc khi lt xc Cua v mt s gip xc khc l nhng vt cha VR. Dch bnh xy ra cc hnh thc nui: Qung canh, bn thm canh v thm canh. Bnh xy ra khng lin quan mn, nhng c lin quan n To nh Thi lan bnh thng xy ra vo cc thng cui nm khi To gim xung. Vit nam bnh thng xy ra vo cui xun u h (Cc h th ging sm khu vc pha Bc).

Tm ro b bnh m trng

Cua cht trong ao tm bnh

Tm gai b bnh m trng

7. Chn on bnh

Da vo TC bnh: r tin d p dng trong K thiu trang thit b hin i. PP m bnh hc: Quan st thy s tng sinh t bo biu m v m lin kt ca mang hoc d dy tm bnh. Quan st hnh dng, kt ca VR di KHV in t. C bng PCR cho kt qu nhanh, chnh xc ngay t khi tm cha c du hiu bnh. Mt s PP sinh hc phn t khc cng c th p dng C bnh ny nhng cha p dng VN.

8. Lan truyn bnh

Bnh c th lan truyn theo 2 cch: Truyn ngang: - Trc tip do thc n, ngun nc t tm bnh sang tm lnh (tm kho n tm bnh). - Gin tip thng qua phn, cht thi t tm bnh hoc gip xc khc mang mm bnh. - Cng c th do con ngi (thiu kinh nghim, thiu nhn lc, ph hoi), sinh vt khc v dng c mang mm bnh Truyn dc: Tm b m mang mm bnh tham gia vo sinh sn truyn bnh cho tm ging thng qua trng v tinh trng.

9. Phng bnh

Kh trng ao nui, ly nc qua vi lc, kh trng nc ao sau mi gy mu ri th tm. Kim dch cht ch ngun tm b m trc khi sinh sn v tm ging trc khi th. Trong qu trnh nui trnh cc ngun a mm bnh vo h thng nui: tm c tp vo h thng nui, ngi nui, dng c v ch hi: chim, rn, chut... c bit lu trong trng hp dng thc n ti sng. Qun l v chm sc tt tm nui S dng cc cht KTMD AntiWSD (Phan Thanh Phng)?

10. X l bnh

Khi pht hin thy ao tm b bnh trnh x nc ra mi trng khi cha x l. X l nc ao bnh bng mt trong cc loi ho cht: Formol, Chlorine. Nu tm cn nh, t l nhim bnh nng hu b ton b, x l li ao, nu thi gian cn th li ging. Nu tm t kch c thng phm c th cho thu hoch nhng phi c bit ch trnh lm ly lan sang cc ao m khc.

Bnh u vng (Yellowhead Disease = YHD)

1. Tc nhn gy bnh Bnh u vng gy ra bi VR (Yellowhead virus = YHV), nhn VR c cu trc ss ARN, dng thng c kch thc 446 x 17313 nm, VR c v bc v c lin quan vi VR trong h Coronaviridae. Kch thc ca gennome xp x 22 Kilobases. VR k sinh c quan Lympho (LOV) v mang (GAV) tm s. Trong 2 loi LOV v GAV ch c GAV c bit gy ra t l cht.

Hnh dng ca VR trong m Lympho

2. Loi nhim Trong TN: Tm s; Cm nhim: Tm s Nht bn, tm he chn trng u b nhim bnh, ring tm ro c kh nng chng li bnh, mt s loi tm khc khng b nh hng ca bnh nhng mang VR. 3. Phn b bnh Bnh u vng nh hng n tm nui chu nh Trung Quc, n , Philippine v Thi lan. Trong bo co h thng bnh VTS hng qu nm 1999 v 2000 ca vng Chu Thi Bnh Dng cho thy Malaysia xy ra bnh vo thng 6, Philippine xy ra vo thng 1-3 v thng 7; Srilanca bnh xy ra vo thng 1 v Thi Lan bnh xy ra quanh nm.

4. Biu hin ca tm bnh Trc khi pht bnh 2-4 ngy tm thng n nhiu bt thng sau dng n t ngt. T l cht bnh c th ln ti 100% trong vng 3-5 ngy pht bnh. Tm b bnh thng bm ra ao hoc ni ln b mt, gan tu bin mu v xut hin mu vng gip u ngc chnh vy c tn gi ca bnh. Trn thn tm xut hin mu nht nht khng bnh thng. Bnh xut hin tm Post trn 20 ngy tui v c bit l tm ln hn thng nhy cm nhng tm Post di 15 ngy li khng b bnh. Tht thn trng trong C khi t l cht gy ra bi bnh u vng m khng xut hin mu vng trn gip u ngc. Biu hin bnh l khng lun thy v s vng mt khng c ngha khng nhim VR u vng v cn C nhanh bng P2 nhum mang v mu.

Tm s b bnh u vng

TC tm v mang tm bnh

5. C bnh Quan st bng mt thng: C th nghi tm nhim bnh u vng khi thy cc du hiu sau: tng t l n bt thng sau gim t ngt, tm bnh xut hin ra ao, b mt v tm bi l , tm c th xut hin mu nht nht trn thn, mang v vng gan tu, mu vng xut hin gip u ngc. Trong trng hp nghi ng thu mu cho cc chn on khc. p mang: C nh ton b tm hoc mang tm trong D2 c nh Davidsons qua m, ra mang qua nc my loi b thuc c nh v nhum bng Mayer Bennetts H&E. Lm sch mu bng xylene, dn mng mang ri gn v quan st bin i ca t bo Ba z, t bo hnh cu, t bo cht c ng knh xp x 2m.

Nhum mu: dn u mu quan st thy thoi ho t bo, khng thy s nhim khun. C th G u ca bnh u vng cc t bo mu c bin i nhn. Nhng thay i l kh thy i vi nhng con tm m v tm m b mt mt s t bo mu nn cn kim tra con tm kho trong ao tm bnh. Mu mu tm c thu bng Syringe c cha 2 ln th tch formalin 25% hoc D2 c nh Davidsons. Mu mu nghi b bnh c trn vi D2 trong syringe nh git ra lam knh, dn u kh t nhin trong khng kh sau nhum bng H&E hoc thuc nhm khc, kh nc sau gn. C bng P2 m bnh hc: C nh tm yu nghi b bnh trong dung dch c nh Davidsons, ct m ri nhum H&E soi knh xem s bin i ca t bo gan tu, d dy, m mang. C bng P2 KHV in t quan st hnh dng, cu trc ca VR. C bng P2 SHPT: PCR, Western Blot.

C quan to mu haemolyphoid c nhiu nhn t bo thoi ha kt c, bt mu m

Truyn bnh: Truyn ngang l ph bin nhng cng c trng hp truyn dc. Rt phi lu cc trng hp nhim bnh mn tnh v mt s loi gip xc mang mm bnh truyn bnh sang tm nui. X l bnh: Hin ti khng c thuc iu tr khi bnh xy ra nhng mt s cch c th gim s lan truyn bnh v gim thit hi: Kim dch tm b m trc khi cho S2 i nhng c th mang mm bnh v con ca chng phi hu ton b. Kh trng dng c v nc nui. Kim tra tm ging trc khi th. Ngn chn cc sinh vt mang mm bnh vo ao nui: cn lc nc v x l nc ao cha trc khi ly nc vo ao nui.

Trnh thay i pH t ngt v pH khng > 9, khng hm lng xy ho tan thp (<2mg/l) trong thi gian di., kim khng thay i qu 0,5 trong ngy. Trnh dng thc n ti sng trong cc ao nui thng phm, tr khi cc thc n ny c kh trng v hp Pasteur. i vi ao tm bnh dng chlorine dit ton b tm v cc sinh vt mang mm bnh trong ao. Tm cht v cc sinh vt khc c di chuyn chn hoc t nu khng di chuyn c ao cn kh trc khi th li ging. Nu bnh xy ra g tm ln cn thu hoch gp v x l nc ao nui bng Chlorine 4 ngy trc khi thot ra ngoi MT. Tt c cc cht thi khc cn c trn hoc t, cn ch x l qun o ngi thu hoch bng chlorine trc khi git, cn kh trng dng c, xe vn chuyn tm t ao bnh bng chlorine v cn thng bo cho hng xm bit khng thay nc t nht l 4 ngy k t ngy tho nc ao bnh. Nh my ch bin cng cn c thng bo ngun tm b bnh trnh s lan truyn bnh qua cc cng ten n cha hng hoc cc cht thi trong qu trnh ch bin.

Hi chng Taura hay HC tm bng (Taura Syndrome = TS)

1. Tc nhn gy bnh VR c hnh khi 20 mt, khng c v bc thuc h Picornaviridae. VR c kt 31-32 nm, nhn ca VR c mt chui xon n ssARN, di xp x 10,2 kb. 2. Loi nhim VR gy hi chng Taura thng nhim mt s loi tm he M. Loi tm nhy cm nht vi bnh ny l tm he chn trng (P. vanamei), ngoi ra mt s loi tm khc cng c th nhim nh tm s, tm he TQ, tm s Nht bn 3. Phn b a l Hi chng Taura c xc nh ln u tri tm nui gn sng Taura ca Ecuador nm 1992 nn c t lun tn bnh. Sau bnh lan sang khp cc vng nui tm M La tinh bao gm c Hawaii v b bin Thi Bnh Dng ca Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama v Peru.

TC tm bnh

Hi chng Taura cng c bo co xy ra tm nui thuc b bin Atlantic ca Belize, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela v pha ng nam Florida ca nc M, nam Carolina v Texas. Hi chng ny cng c tm thy tm he t nhin Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras v Mexico. TSV c ghi nhn min ng bn cu nh i Loan v mt s tnh ca TQ nhng vng nhp tm he chn trng t Trung M. Hi chng Taura cng c tit tr ra khi tm nui Florida v Belize. 4. Biu hin ca bnh TS thng xy ra tm Post sau khi th 14-40 ngy trong ao nui thng phm, tuy nhin g tm ln cng c th b nh hng. Qu trnh bnh c chia lm 3 giai on: - Pha cp tnh: Hu ht t l cht bnh cao xy ra giai on ny.

- Pha chuyn tip. - Pha mn tnh hay pha mang trng. Trong pha cp tnh biu b ca v b nh hng nghim trng, trong pha mn tnh t chc Lympho l v tr nhim chnh, nhim trc. i vi tm he chn trng nhim TS pha cp tnh c t l cht cao t 40-90%, khi mt s loi tm khc li c kh nng khng bnh. Nhng tm sng st c qua pha cp tnh qua pha chuyn tip vo pha mn tnh pha ny tm c th vn cn sng st nhng chng nh vt mang mm bnh.

5. C bnh Quan st bng mt thng: - Tm bnh thng c mu nht, c bit ui v chn. - Mu sc thay i l do tng tit mu t biu b ca v, tm c biu hin mm v, rut trng rng v thng b cht trong qu trnh lt xc v thu ht chim. - Bt c tm he chn trng hay tm khc sng st c qua v dch u c gi l tm mang trng. - Tuy nhin khng c biu hin bnh. P2 m bnh hc c th C c bnh c g tm Post v g trng thnh. giai on mn tnh tch lu cc t bo hnh cu trong c quan Lympho. PP SHPT: PCR, In situ Hybridization Dng KHV in t. VR c dng hnh khi khng c v bc c ng knh 31-32nm.

Nhn t bo biu m nhim VR thoi ha

Lp biu m tm chn trng thy r cc th vi bt mu xanh en v VK hnh que (X100)

6. Truyn bnh Tm sng st c qua v dch c th duy tr mm bnh trong c quan lympho, nhng tm ny c th truyn bnh sang cc tm khc nhy cm theo ng truyn ngang thng qua phn, nc thi. ng truyn dc cng cn phi . Sinh vt nc v c chim bin cng ng vai tr mt xch sinh hc trong qu trnh truyn. Hi chng bnh c th tm thy trong sn phm tm ng lnh.

7. X l bnh Trong nhiu vng Trung M ni bnh thng xut hin cc tri tm c xu hng dng tm ging nh bt ngoi t nhin hn tm nui t cc tri. iu ny cho t l nui sng n khi thu hoch cao hn do tm ging nh bt ngoi t nhin c kh nng chng li bnh TS tt hn. Chin lc qun l sau khi th ngi ta quan tm n mt th ging trong nui bn thm canh i vi bnh thit hi nng thng xy ra g u ca chu k nui. Chn ging tm nng cao sc chng chu vi bnh cng l mt iu cn lm. Kh trng cn thn cc ao nui trnh duy tr mm bnh t tm tp, cc vt cht tn d t la nui trc ri th li ging t nhng con ging khng mang mm bnh c sn xut t tm b m sch bnh.

Bnh ci tm s
Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Disease

Bnh c lin quan nhiu n s nhim khun cn gi Bnh v y l bnh VR c C u tin trn tm s g u trng, tm ging v tm trng thnh KT VR: 75x300 nm. Bnh xy ra trn tm s, tm he, tm ro Biu hin: tm nhim bnh c mu xm nht nht, chm chm, b n v PT km. Bnh xy ra trn cc g PT ca tm. Tng cng PT to y v VK dng si c th gy SV bm trn mang. Sau khi th tm 45 ngy, vi mt 4-100 con/m2, t l tm sinh trng chm, gan ty chuyn mu vng nht sang nu.

Tm s nhim bnh

Gan ty tm s nhim bnh MBV, cc th n mu , nhum H&E

nh hng trn k ch: VR c th gy ph hy cu trc gan ty, ng tiu ha. Th vi lp y TB gan ty v c y vo ng sau khi b ph hy. Dn n hoi t v bi nhim VK. P3 l g sm nht pht hin thy b nhim MBV T l nhim MBV cao t 20-100%. T l cht bnh cng dn tm s nhim MBV l 20-100% Tm nui vi mt dy, stress, t l nhim v cht bnh cao. C: Th vi c tm thy thy trong nhum xanh malachite gan ty. Lt ct m BH th hin s xm nhim TB i toan, nhiu th vi xut hin vi s tng sinh nhn m gan ty.

Ngn chn s nhim vi rt

Khng c iu tr bnh vi rt tm, c nn cn ngn chn s xm nhim vi rt vo tm c Ngn chn s nhp ging tm, c mang mm bnh S dng tm c b m khng nhim VR Ra nauplii bng thuc st trng Ra trng bng nc kh trng zn Dit cc sinh vt mang mm bnh trong ao bng chlorine Ngn chn s xm nhp VR vo h thng nui bng li lc 250 Trnh th ging trong thi im hay xy ra dch bnh S dng con ging khng mang mm bnh Shock tm ging bng formaline 100ppm 30 pht Gim cc K gy stress trong khi nui

To cc K tt trong QT nui Thc hin nghim ngt k v sinh Trnh dng thc n ti sng khng r ngun gc, cn x l thc n trc khi dng (hp pasteur 60o trong 15 pht) Ch dng thc n kh c hm lng D2 thch hp Dng thc n c b sung VTM C 100 ppm (1gVTMC/10 kg thc n). Thng VTMC trn th trng 10% vy cn trn 1g/1kg thc n S dng cht KTMD trn thc n nh peptidoglycan 0,2mg/kg trng lng/ngy trong 2-3 thng hay Fucoidan 50-100 mg/kg tm/ngy trong 15 ngy Theo di v pht hin bnh sm v khng ch cc yu t stress do MT Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng sc khe V nui v cc yu t MT Kim sot s lan truyn bnh trong trang tri Khng thi cc cht c cha mm bnh ra ngoi MT Di chuyn ngay c tm cht ra khi h thng nui Sau mi la nui phi lm nghim cng tc kh trng h thng nui

Ti liu tham kho

FAO & NACA, 2001. Asia Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases. PP 178-182. Lightner, D.V. 1996. A hand book of Shrimp Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Disease of Cultured Penaeid Shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA. 304p. Qun l sc kho ao nui tm, Khoa thu sn trng H cn c dch. http://www.vietlinh.com http://www.vinaseek.com Httt://www.seafdec.org.ph

Bonami, J.R., K.W. Hasson, J. Mari, B. T. poulos, and D.V. Lightner. 1997. Taura Syndrome of marine penaeid shrimp: Characterisation of the viral agent. J. gen. Virol. 78 92): 313319. Hasson, K.W., D.V. Lightner, B.T. Poulos, R.M. Redman, B.L. White, J.A. Brock, and J.R. Bonami. 1995 Taura Syndrome in P. vanamei: Demonstration of a viral etiology. Dis. Aquat. Org. 23(2):115-126. Lighner, D.V. 1996. A Handbook of Shrimp Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Disease of Cultured Penaeid Shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Bton Rouge, LA. 304p. OIE. 1999 Regional Aquatic Animal Disease Yearbook 1999 (Asian and Pacific Region). OIE Representation for Asia and the Pacific. Tokyo, Japan. 35p. OIE. 200a. Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Disease, Third Edition, 2000. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France. 237p. OIE. 2000b. Regional Aquatic Animal Disease Yearbook 1999 (Asian and Pacific Region). OIE Representation for Asia and the Pacific. Tokyo, Japan. 40p.

n tp
1. K tn 4 bnh c do Iridovirus gy ra 2. K tn 3 bnh c song do Iridovirus gy ra 3. Bnh Vi rt TC c th Lymphocystis Iridovirus Khi u WSSV Baculovirus m trng v VNN Nodavirus Khng bo EUS Rhabdovirus Vt lot

TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP 1 KHOA CHN NUI - THY SN Chng V. Bnh thng gp VTS
ThS. GV. Kim Vn Vn B mn: Nui trng thy sn

Chng V. Bnh thng gp VTS

I. Bnh truyn nhim 1. Bnh do vi rt VTS 2. Bnh do vi khun VTS 3. Bnh do nm VTS II. Bnh do k sinh trng 1. Bnh ngoi KST VTS 2. Bnh ni KST VTS 3. Bnh truyn ly gia ngi, V trn cn v VTS III. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

Bnh do Vi khun gy ra VTS

Xem li phn VSV ng dng: mt s Vi khun thng gy bnh VTS.

Bnh nhim khun do Aeromonad di ng gy ra

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria. 2 VK: trc khun ngn, bt mu gram (-), di ng nh tin mao. VK thng xuyn c mt trong nc, t. MT chn lc ca VK ny l MT R-S. T l Guanine/Systosine trong AND ca vi khun = 58-61,6%. 2. Loi b bnh: Tt c cc loi VTS nc ngt nhy cm vi bnh ny: c r phi, c cnh, c tr, c qu, r ng, c chp, ch, baba.. 3. Biu hin ca bnh: Triu chng bnh thay i cc loi c khc nhau: Cc m ln mu ti xut hin di bng, Mt m ln mu xut hin trn c th, c thng b hoi t vy, ui. Cc vt lot thng nng, b mt tr nn c mu nu khi n b hoi t hoc thi gia. C b tut vy, tn thng phn ming, mt b m hoc li, bng trng to, xung huyt v tc ngn cc ni quan.

Aeromonas spp.

Bnh nhim khun do Aeromonad di ng gy ra

Tc nhn gy bnh phn b rng khp th gii. Hu ht bnh xut hin nc ngt i khi gp c trong nc l hoc nc bin. Cc loi VK di ng ny lun tm thy mi ni trong h sinh thi. Hu ht cc v dch do Aeromonas di ng u lin quan n stress. Triu chng bnh rt phc tp v thay i. Dch bnh c th xy ra khi nng nhit trong vc nc giu vt cht hu c, hay c nui vi mt dy hoc dch bnh xy ra sau khi nh bt hoc vn chuyn b xy st. VK gy bnh thng xm nhp vo c th thng qua ng ming hoc c th qua da, mang. Sau chng nhn ln trong rut hoc v tr nhim ri lan ra ton c th theo dng mu. C nhim bnh c biu hin xut huyt gc vy, ming, np mang, xung quang hu mn, vy, ui, vt lot, p xe, li mt, bng trng to. Trong c th xut hin dch mu hng v tn thng cc ni quan dn n cht. T l cht cao thng i km vi stress c hc, thiu dinh dng hoc xy st c hng, c ging. C ln hn t nhy cm hn vi bnh.

Bnh nhim khun do Aeromonad di ng gy ra

4. Chn on bnh Thu mu VK thn sau nui cy v phn lp trn mi trng BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar), TSA (Trytic Soy Agar) hoc NA (Nutrient Agar). VK thng c dng trc khun ngn ng ring r hoc thnh cp v rt t khi to dng chui hoc dng si. 5. Phng v tr bnh Phng bnh: - Gim mt th Khi bnh xy ra iu tr bnh bng Oxytetracycline vi liu 55mg/kg c trong 10 ngy.

Bnh do vi khun Edwardsiella

1. NN: VK Edwardsiella tarda. 2 ca VK c dng trc khun G (-), di ng. VK PT tt trn MT BHIA, TSA v R-S. 2. Loi b bnh: c r phi, c tr v c chp 3. Biu hin ca bnh: Xut hin cc vt lot nh chy dc sng lng sau hnh thnh p se, sng ln v lm mt sc t mu trn da. Trong cc ni quan c hin tng xung huyt, B lm sng gan, thn. Di slide m bnh hc thy xut hin hoi t tp trung c, m gan, thn. C b nhim E. tarda mt kh nng di chuyn, c th hnh thnh vt lot trn da, c v to ht cc c quan. Cc vt lot trn da c cha kh v c mi do cha mt lng ln m hoi t hoc m cht. Bnh thng xut hin c ln. Cht cha trong rut ca mt s ng vt mang trng nh c qu, ln, c tr, lng c v b st l ngun ly nhim E. tarda.

Bnh do vi khun Edwardsiella

Bnh xy ra nghim trng To cao, cht lng nc km v th dy. To thch hp cho TNGB PT 30oC. Tuy nhin, chng c th xut hin trong nc To 10-18oC. Khi quan st i loan ni hu ht cc nghin cu tm thy bnh xy ra c lin quan vi s thay i To t ngt. 4. Chn on bnh VK gy bnh c th c phn lp t c, cc ni quan ca c nghi b bnh trn mi trng dinh dng thng thng: BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar), TSA (Trytic Soy Agar). Trn cc mi trng ny sau 24-48 gi nui cy hnh thnh khun lc nh 5. Phng v tr bnh Phng bnh: - Nng cao cht lng nc - Gim mt th Khi bnh xy ra iu tr bnh bng Oxytetracycline vi liu 55 mg/kg c trong 10 ngy.

Bnh do VK Mycobacterium
1. NN Bnh gy ra do 3 loi VK Mycobacteria: Mycobacterium marinum (thng nhim c bin), M. fortuitum (thng nhim c nc ngt) & M. chelonae. VK c dng trc khun, bt mu G (+) yu, kt VK 1,5-2x0,250,35m, VK khng di ng, khng hnh thnh gip m. VK ch pht trin trn MTB. 2. Loi b bnh: Cc loi lng th, b st, gip xc, c chi, c qu..nhy cm vi bnh. Cc chng VK gy bnh ny cng c th nhim trn da ngi c bit vng da khu tay, vng u gi v cn c gi l bnh u b bi (Swimming pool granuloma)

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium chelonae

Bnh do VK Mycobacterium
3. Biu hin ca bnh: y l mt bnh mn tnh, triu chng bnh ph thuc trn loi v k sinh thi. Biu hin ban u ca c bnh nh sau: C b ph, chn n, gy yu, li mt v da mt mu. Biu hin bn ngoi: c tut vy, hnh thnh ht, vim v hoi t vy. Biu hin bn trong: Vim trng xm, nt ht thay i kch thc thng thy hu ht cc ni quan v m. Thng thy nht gan, thn, tim v lch. Nt ht cng c th xut hin c. ng truyn bnh thng qua ng tiu ho (do thc n tp nhim hoc cc cht cn b), xm nhp thng qua da v mang b tn thng. Ngun bnh c trong nc, t ni tc nhn gy bnh sn c v c th duy tr 2 nm. VK c th c gii phng vo MT t c, lng th, b st nhy cm vi VK gy bnh. Nhim bnh cng c th do dng c tp c mang mm bnh v qua ng sinh sn c th hin.

Bnh do VK Mycobacterium

y l mt bnh mn tnh nn c th nhiu nm khng th hin bnh sau pht trin triu chng bnh: Lc u c mt dn sc t, c th hin chm chp, mt tnh thm n. Xut hin vt lot trn da. Vy, ui c th b rch nt, tut C b nhim Mycobacterium vy c th nhn thy. Cc ht c th hnh thnh trong c, cc ni quan. iu ny dn n c b gy yu, ph hoc vim mng bng. C nhim bnh c th lan n xng v lm bin dng xng.

Bnh do VK Mycobacterium
4. Chn on bnh MT phn lp VK Mycobacteria: MT B Ogawa v LowensteinJense. VK PT To 28oC trong 3-5 ngy. Trn MT ny khun lc xut hin c mu kem trong ti nhng a ra ngoi nh sng c mu vng. Nui cy VK trong bnh ny khng lun th hin chnh xc do VK chm PT trn MT nui cy v d b VK tp PT. Rt t s dng MT thng thng nh BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar), TSA (Trytic Soy Agar) nui cy VK ny. Tt c cc VK Mycobacterium c c nui cy khong To 2030oC trong thi gian 2-30 ngy. VK c dng trc khun, bt mu a xt nhanh mnh, G(+) yu, khng di ng v khng hnh thnh bo t. To thch hp cho VK PT t 15-37oC, nhng phn lp tt nht 28oC.

Bnh do VK Mycobacterium
5. Phng v tr bnh Ci to h thng v sinh, kh trng v tiu dit c mang mm bnh. Trnh dng thc n cho c b tp nhim. Kh trng Paster thc n cho c trc khi dng, kh trng Paster c thc hin To 6070oC trong 30 pht. C b bnh c th c x l bng Chloram B hoc T vi nng 10 mg/l trong 24 gi.

Bnh nhim khun do Pseudomonad

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: Bnh gy ra do VK Pseudomonas, cc loi gy bnh cho c gm: Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. anguilliseptica, P. chlororaphis 2. Loi b bnh: c r phi, c vng, ln .. 3. Biu hin ca bnh: Triu chng bnh gy ra do VK Pseudomonas ging vi triu chng bnh do cc trc khun G(-) khc: Cc im xut huyt nh trn da, xung quanh ming, mang hoc b mt bng. B mt c th c th xut hin mu nhy trong cc trng hp nghim trng, nhng khng xut hin mu trn vy v hu mn. VK c phn b rng trong MT, nhim khun Pseudomonas thng lin quan n stress hoc qun l MT. Mt s yu t stress dn n bnh l cc cht c trong nc, tn thng da hoc vy, gim xy ho tan, mt th qu dy v ngho dinh dng.

Bnh nhim khun do Pseudomonad

VK xm nhp vo c th qua ng ming, da v mang b tn thng sau VK lan khp c th theo dng mu. VK v cc c t ca chng ph hu m ca c th, cc c quan v lm mt chc nng dn n t l cht c th ln ti 70%.

Ln b xut huyt do nhim VK Pseudomonas

Bnh nhim khun do Pseudomonad

4. Chn on bnh C bnh thng thu mu VK thn hoc ni quan khc hoc trn vt thng sau nui cy trn mi trng BHIA (Brain Heart Infusion Agar), TSA (Trytic Soy Agar) hoc NA (Nutrient Agar). VK thng c dng trc khun di. 5. Phng v tr bnh Phng bnh: - C th dng Vaccine - Qun l tt sau khi th - Gi cht lng nc tt - Gim mt th Bnh c th c x l bng cch iu chnh MT: Chuyn c b bnh vo b sau nng To ln 26-27oC v duy tr To trong khong 2 tun.

Bnh nhim khun do Streptococcus

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: Bnh nhim khun Streptococcal gy ra bi cc loi thuc ging Streptococcus. 2. Loi b bnh: c r phi, c song, c vc.. 3. Biu hin ca bnh: Triu chng bnh thay i theo cc loi c b bnh. Tuy nhin hu ht c bnh c biu hin: Bi tht thng. Thn xut hin mu en. Li mt bn hoc 2 bn mt, mt ko mng. Xut huyt trn mang hoc gc cc vy. Xut hin vng lot trn b mt c th. Tn thng xut huyt dn dn lan rng v lng ng vt cht v dn hnh thnh vng ti xung quanh. Tn thng nng hn trong cc bnh nhim khun do Aeromonad hoc Vibrio.

Bnh nhim khun do Streptococcus

VK m c thot ra t c bnh l ngun ly nhim trong MT nc. Ngc li thc n nhim khun c th l ngun ly nhim ban u trong cc tri c. C sng st qua v dch cng c th l ngun d tr tc nhn nghim trng. Streptococcus c th c truyn thng qua s tip xc vi c bnh hoc qua thc n c cha mm bnh. C kh th v mt kh nng nh hng trong nc. Mt c ko mng v hoi t dn n m. C bi xon vn. Mc d chng vn cn p ng vi kch thch, nhng kh nng iu chnh chuyn ng km. Lch, thn to ra. Tn thng cc ni quan lm mt chc nng c th dn n cht.

Bnh nhim khun do Streptococcus

4. Chn on bnh Mt s MT thng dng nui cy v phn lp Streptoccocus: BHIA, TSA b sung 0,5% glucose. MT chn lc cho nui cy VK Streptoccocus. Khun lc pht trin sau 24-48 gi nui cy To 20-30oC, trn a thch xut hin khun lc trn, nh, mu vng v hi li. 5. Phng v tr bnh Phng bnh: - Trnh th c qu dy, trnh cho tha thc n v tht cn thn trong nh bt v di chuyn. Khi bnh xy ra loi b ton b c yu, c cht trong ao, lng li trnh thit hi nghim trng v dng thuc Erythromycine vi liu 25-50mg/kg c trong 5-7 ngy.

Bnh nhim khun do Streptococcus

Mt c b nhim khun Streptococcus

Bnh Columnaris
1. Tc nhn gy bnh Bnh gy ra bi VK Flexibacter columnaris. Bnh khng thng xut hin nh mt nhim t pht m kt qu t s tn thng vt l hoc thiu dinh dng. Cc v dch gy ra bi cc yu t nh nhit , stress. Cc kim loi ho tan nh Ntri, Kali, Canxi v Manh l nhng yu t lm tng nhim. 2 ca VK gy bnh: VK sng hiu kh, c dng trc khun gram (-), di kch thc 0,5-0,7x4-8m, VK di ng nh s un ln thn VK. VK PT tt trn MT Cytopha agar, khun lc ca VK dt, mng, lan rng v c mu vng xanh. VK khng ln men ng nhng xy ho glucose. 2. Loi b nh hng Mt s loi b nh hng bi bnh: C r phi, c chp, c tr, Rhu.

Cytophaga sp.

Bnh Columnaris
3. Biu hin ca bnh C b bnh thng xut hin mt s m trng trn u, mang, vy hoc thn xung quanh m trng xut hin vng . Trnh nhm vi nhim nm. Cc vt tn thng ny c hnh trn sau lan sang cc hng c cng t l. Cc tn thng xy ra trn mang thng nng hn gy hoi t mu nu. Trn da hnh thnh vt lot xut huyt c ph cc t bo v m cht. Khi ct m t bo thy c l tr trn lp biu m, hoi t v cc vt lot c quan st. C cht bnh do tn thng nng mang v s sn sinh c t t VK. Bnh c th gy cht 70-100% c tr ging trong vng 48 gi.

Bnh Columnaris

Bnh F. columnaris c phn b rng khp trong t nhin. Tc nhn gy bnh sng lu t cc nhim, chng tn ti mt giai on di trong nc c cng cao v nhiu cht hu c. Thi gian sng st ca VK gim i khi pH = 6. Kh nng nhim v sng st gim i khi c mt ca cc VK khc. Trc tin VK c th tn cng thng qua mang hoc da. Khi tc nhn gy bnh xm nhp vo c c th, men phn gii protein lm ph v da v c. Chnh iu ny to thnh cc vt thng hoi t m. Nu tn thng mang lm cho c kh h hp thm ch gy cht. Cc vt thng trn b mt c th cng nh cc tn thng trn mang c th to ng cho nhim k pht bi cc tc nhn gy bnh khc. C sng st trong nhim tr thnh vt mang bnh.

Bnh Columnaris
4. Chn on Biu hin bnh trn da v mang ca c. Nhum t m nhim quan st s di ng chm chp ca vi khun. Kim tra vi khun t vt lot cho thy vi khun gram (-), dng trc khun di, mnh. Khi nui cy vi khun pht trin thnh khun lc mu vng xanh, bng phng, hnh trn v dnh b mt. Vi khun gy bnh c th c chn on bng phng php K thut khng th hunh quang gin tip (IFAT).

Bnh Columnaris
5. Phng v x l bnh Phng bnh: - C th phng bnh bng Vaccine Qun l tt mi trng B sung mt s vi khun cnh tranh. X l bnh: - Nhng c bnh trong dung dch Sulft ng 40mg/l trong 20 pht hoc 500mg/l trong 1 pht. Hoc tm cho c bng dung dch KMnO4 2-4ppm hoc dng mui n 0,51%, dung dch BKC 1-3ppm. Tm cho c bng dung dch khng sinh 1 mg/l trong 24 gi. Hoc trn thuc khng sinh cho n.

Bnh do vi khun Vibrio

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: Bnh gy ra do cc VK thuc ging Vibrio. Cc loi thng gp l: V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus. VK thng gy bnh cho c: C song, c mng, c gi, c vc, 2. Biu hin ca c bnh C nhim bnh Vibrio thng chn n hoc b n. Mt s vng ca c th hoc ton thn c c mu ti, c cc im xut huyt cc phn khc nhau ca c th dn n hoi t vy, mt m, li mt. Trong mt s trng hp bnh cp tnh c c th cht khng th hin triu chng bnh, ngoi tr mt vi trng hp b sng ph bng. C b bnh mn tnh thng c biu hin mang b nht nht, tn thng dng ht ln su trong c.

Bnh do vi khun Vibrio

Vibrio c phn b rng trong nc bin v vng MT ca sng. Khng c thng tin r rng v ng xm nhp ca VK vo trong c th, nhng ng ming c nghi ng v thy xut hin VK trong ng rut ca c bnh thng. Tc nhn gy bnh trong rut c th nhim vo k ch di iu kin tn thng vt l hoc thiu dinh dng hoc trong trng hp stress, VK cng c th xm nhp thng qua tn thng bn ngoi. VK cng c th c truyn thng qua phn, c nhim bnh c dng lm thc n. Vibrio thng tn cng c trong nhng thng ma h, c bit khi th mt dy, mn cao v cc cht hu c nhiu. C b stress nhy cm cao vi bnh. Khi mt v dch xut hin t l cht 50% hoc cao hn c th c quan st c hng, c ging. c ln t l cht thp hn nhng c nhim bnh khng n v chm ln, khi thu hoch c c th c hoi t ln trong khi c lm nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

Bnh do vi khun Vibrio

3. Chn on bnh VK gy bnh phn lp t thn, gan, lch, c hoi t hoc cc c quan khc ca c nhim bnh. Tc nhn gy bnh thng c phn lp t cc c quan nhim trong nui cy thun trn mi trng BHIA, NA v TSA c b sung 1-2% mui. MT chn lc cho nui cy Vibrio l mi trng TCBS (Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar). 4. Phng v x l bnh Phng bnh: Vaccine, duy tr cht lng nc tt, qun l nui dng tt v th mt va phi. Khi bnh xy ra c th dng khng sinh: Oxytetracycline vi liu 55 mg/kg c/ngy trong 7-10 ngy.

Bnh do vi khun gy ra gip xc

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: VK Vibrio, Aeromonas v Pseudomonas thng gy ra cc bnh m en, m nu v hoi t phn ph gip xc. 2. Loi b bnh: cc loi tm: tm s, tm th, tm ro v tm cng xanh.. 3. Biu hin ca bnh: Tm bnh th hin mu nu chuyn sang mu en, mt hoc nhiu vng b n mn trn b mt v, phn ph v mang. giai on tm Post phn ph th hin ging iu cigar. Ch sng rp c cha dch gelatin xanh tm c th thy trn phn u ngc v cc t vng bng. Ch sng rp ny c th m rng ra phn bn, phn sau ca vng u ngc. Cc l thng hoc tn thng gy ra ui, tru.

Bnh do vi khun gy ra gip xc

Bnh do vi khun gy ra gip xc

Xut hin cc vt nt cc t bng, tm b cong thn. Thit hi khc do tm b n tht. V kitin c cha mt lng ln vi khun. VK sn sinh cc men phn hu li pt, protein v kitin. Cc men ny cng nhau n mn nhiu lp ca v kitin, kt qu dn n bnh xy ra. Qu trnh ph hu v kitin to ng cho cc tc nhn gy bnh khc nh nm hoc vi khun c hi xm nhp. Tm nhim bnh c th b cht do mt cn bng p xut thm thu, kh khn trong lt xc, nhim nm k pht v nhim khun ni chung. Tm b bnh yu, d b n tht, hoc cht do shock hoc kit sc. Bnh cng lin quan n qu trnh tn thng v kitin, s c mt mt lng ln VK trong nc nui, v sinh tri km, cc cht hu c nhiu hoc to b tp nhim, dinh dng khng y v sc MT.

Bnh do vi khun gy ra gip xc

4. Chn on bnh chun on bnh thng thu mu VK bng cch ct phn ph hoc thu mu trn cc vt lot trn c th ri nui cy v phn lp trn mi trng BHIA, TSA hoc NA. VK cn c th c chn on bnh bng phng php huyt thanh hc (ngng kt trn lam knh). 5. Phng v tr bnh - Duy tr tt cht lng nc ao nui v m bo khu phn dinh dng. - Gi cc vt cht hu c trong nc mc thp bng cch di chuyn cc cht lng ng c cha lng ln VK gy bnh. - Gim mt th trnh stress. - Trnh gy tn thng phn v ngn chn s xm nhp cc tc nhn gy bnh. - Gy lt xc. - Trn thc n vi khng sinh cho tm n.

Hi chng m trng do vi khun tm nui

(Bacterial White Spot Syndrome = BWSS)

Hi chng m trng do VK gy ra tm nui gn y mi c bo co tuy nhin i lc cn ln xn trong chn on vi bnh m trng do vi rt. T nm 1993, vi rt gy bnh m trng gy thit hi nhiu tm nui chu v M La tinh. Gn y hi chng bnh m trng khc c biu hin bnh ging nh m trng do vi rt gy ra nhng c xc nh v bo co l hi chng m trng do VK. S ging nhau v biu hin ca m trng cho mt kt qu ln xn trong chn on bnh m trng do vi rt gy ra khi chn on bnh bng P2 PCR. Trong hi chng m trng do VK khi chn on bng PCR trong bnh m trng do vi rt cho kt qu m tnh. Hi chng m trng do VK nh hng n lt v v sinh trng ca tm.

Hi chng m trng do vi khun tm nui

(Bacterial White Spot Syndrome = BWSS) 1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh VK Bacillus subtilis c cho rng c lin quan n cc m trng nhng NN ny cha c th hin r rng, nghin cu cm nhim khng c th hin. VK Vibrio cholerae cng c phn lp trong cc tri tm nui c biu hin m trng Thi lan khi trong ao c pH, kim cao v vng mt vi rt gy bnh m trng hoc khun lc ca VK t cc m ch ra rng VK l tc nhn nhim th pht. Tc nhn nguyn pht l cha r rng v vn ny cn nghin cu tip. Cho n nay tc nhn gy bnh do VK th hin r rng, VK khng phi l tc nhn nguyn pht.

2. Loi nhim Ti nay cc bo co cho thy ch c tm s nui b nhim bnh. 3. Phn b a l Hi chng m trng do VK c bo co ln u tin tri tm s nui Malaysia nm 1998 (Wang v CTV, 1999, 2000). Bo co xc nh VK ch l K. 4. Triu chng bnh Cc m trng m c nhn thy trn v u ngc hoc ton b c th nhng c th thng bo r rng hn khi lp biu b c bc ra khi c th. m trng c hnh trn. Phn gia ca cc m thng b n mn v thm ch c thng. Trong giai on nhim u tm vn hot ng, bt mi v c th lt xc, giai on ny cc m trng c th mt i. Tuy nhin tm lt xc chm, sinh trng km v t l cht thp c bo co (Wang v ctv, 2000).

5. Phng php chn on 5.1 Quan st bng mt thng Tm xut hin cc m trng trn v nhng khng thy xut hin tm cht. 5.2 Nhum t Cc m trng c xc nh tm s bng cch th hin m mu nu m xut hin cng vi s xut hin g, phn trung tm m th hin s n mn hoc b c thng bn ngoi c VK. C bnh m trng do vi rt l m tnh. Nhng trng hp ny tng trng cho hi chng m trng do VK. 5.3 P2 chn on bng PCR Kt qu chn on l m tnh khi p dng P2 PCR trong bnh m trng do vi rt ca cc mu c biu hin m trng chng t tm b bnh m trng do VK.

5.4 P2 m bnh hc. Ct m soi knh tm thy VK. 5.5 Dng knh hin vi in t: Soi thy VK.

6. Truyn bnh VK ch bm trn b mt ca c th tm, phng thc truyn bnh thng qua nc nui. 7. X l bnh Mc d tc nhn chnh xc l khng c bit, mt s cch c th gip lm gim ri do ca hi chng m trng do VK. Trnh mt VK qu cao trong nc nui, trong trng hp ny cn thay nc thng xuyn. Khi cha r rng khng nn dng ch phm c cha VK Bacillus subtilis cho n khi lin quan gia VK v hi chng m trng do VK c hiu tt hn. Nhng trng hp ny dng vi vi liu 25 ppm x l.

Ti liu tham kho

Wang, Y.G., M. Shariff, K.L. Lee and M.D. Hassan. 1999. A review on diseases of cultured shrimp in Malaysia. Paper was presented at Workshop on Thematic Review on Management Strategies for major Diseases in Shrimp Aquaculture, 28-30 November 1999, Cebu, Philippines. WB, NACA, WWF and FAO. Wang, Y.G., K.L. Lee, M. Najiah, M. Shariff, and M.D. Hassan. 2000. A new bacterial white spot syndrome (BWSS) in cultured tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and its comparison with white spot syndrome (WSS) caused by virus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 41: 9-18.

Cu hi n tp
Tnh hung no sau l ng (), Sai (S) 1. C b tn thng mang s kh h hp 2. TCBS l MT chn lc cho nui cy VK Aeromonas 3. Hu ht cc loi VK c th PT trn MT TSA 4. Vaccine c th ngn chn s xut hin bnh c 5. Dng KS l mt phng sch cui cng 6. VK Virio thng xut hin vng l, mn 7. Hm lng xy ha tan thp l nguyn nhn lm c gim n 8. C b stress d b nhim khun 9. Cho c n tha thc n s ngn chn s xut hin bnh 10. Nc t ao nui c r phi c th c dng tt cho ao nui tm 11. Ch phm sinh hc gy hi VK

TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP 1 KHOA CHN NUI - THY SN Chng V3. Bnh thng gp VTS
ThS. GV. Kim Vn Vn B mn: Nui trng Thy sn

Chng V3. Bnh thng gp VTS

I. Bnh truyn nhim 1. Bnh do vi rt VTS 2. Bnh do vi khun VTS 3. Bnh do nm VTS II. Bnh do k sinh trng 1. Bnh ngoi KST VTS 2. Bnh ni KST VTS 3. Bnh truyn ly gia ngi, V trn cn v VTS III. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

Bnh do Nm gy ra VTS

Xem li phn VSV ng dng: mt s Nm thng gy bnh VTS: gii thiu v hnh dng, cc hnh thc sinh sn Phn lp nm bnh Nm nc ngt: Saprolegnia v Achlya Nm nc l: Lagenidium v Haliphthoros

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh Bnh gy ra bi Saprolegnia spp., Achlya spp. hoc Aphanomyces sp. 2. Loi b nh hng Nhiu loi c nc ngt: c chp, c vng.. b nh hng. 3. Triu chng bnh - Mt tm bng pht trin trn trng c v cc m tn thng khc ca c. - Mu sc ca nm c th thay i t mu trng sang mu xm.

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

nh 3A. Nm Saprolegnia c cha ti bo t trng thnh.

nh 3B. Nm Saprolegnia c bo t ng ang gii phng t ti bo t

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

nh 4. Nm Achlya c cht ng bo t s khai nh ca ti bo t sau gii phng. Ti bo t trng rng sau khi tt c cc bo t c gii phng.

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

nh 5. Gii phng bo t s khai ca nm Aphanomyces.

v ngay lp tc chng t tp thnh ng ngn ca ti bo t.

Ch : Bo t s khai c gii phng thnh mt hng n

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

c nm thng bm trn trng v trn mang

nh 6. Nm pht trin trn trng c nh 7. Nm Saprolegnia diclina trn l mang ca c

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

4. nh hng trn k ch K ch b nhim nm xy ra nhanh v gy thit hi nhiu. C b cht hoc yu v khng p ng vi kch thch bn ngoi. M bnh hc cho thy s ph hy nhanh lp biu b (m b hoi t) c p ng vim nh. 5. Chn on Kim tra di knh hin vi tm nm pht trin t nhng m b nh hng s quan st thy si nm. Nu nh c xut hin ti bo t th vic nhn dng tc nhn gy bnh lin quan c th thc hin c.

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

Mt s bnh Nm thng gp c Bnh Saprolegnia

6. Phng v x l bnh Cc ha cht thng c dng trong x l bnh: - Xanh malachite khng km 0,1% dng bi ln ch m b tn thng. Vng bi sau c ra i. Nu tm s dng nng 67mg/l trong 1 pht, nng 0,2 mg/l trong 1 gi, v 0,1 mg/l trong thi gian di ( b cm). Mui n: tm bng mui n vi nng l 22g/l trong 30 pht, 30g/l trong 10 pht v nu ngm dng nng 1-3 g/l Formalin: 0,4-0,5 ml/l trong 1 gi.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

1. Tc nhn chnh gy bnh l nm Aphanomyces invadans cng vi vi khun v vi rt. 2. K ch: Bnh xy ra trn nhiu loi c nc ngt (c ti 50 loi) Nht bn, c v cc nc ng nam . Nhng mt s loi c nui nh R Phi, c trm c li khng b mc bnh ny. 3. Phn b a l: Bnh c bo co ln u tin xy ra Nht bn v thng xuyn xy ra c. Cc v dch c lan truyn sang c pha ng Nam v Nam nh Malaysia, Indonesia, Thi lan, Philippine, Srilanka, Bangladesh v n .

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

4. Biu hin ca c bnh: Ban u c c biu hin mu ti, mt tnh thm n v ni di b mt nc. C bnh thng to m hoi t di da c th n su vo cc c tht pha trong, mt s m vim c to g mu trng xm. m hoi t xut hin t nh sau to dn. T l cht cao thng lin quan vi cc v dch. Nhng cc m vim c th hi phc (lnh vt thng) nu khng c nhim trng k pht.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

5. Chn on bnh Bng mt thng c th quan st thy cc vt thng h trn mt s loi c nh c r ng, c qu, c tri. C phn bit bng P2 ct m t chc nhim xc nh s c mt ca nm A. invadans bng cch quan st s to bc (granuloma) ca nm v si nm. Trong giai on u ca bnh cc m vim th hin s xut huyt nng di da v cha quan st thy nm. Sau xut hin cc si nm xuyn su vo m c lm tng qu trnh vim. Nm gy ra mt p ng vim mnh v qu trnh to bc c hnh thnh xung quanh s xuyn ca si nm, y l mt c trng c bit ca bnh. Qu trnh t mt vim mn tnh nh ti mt vim nng nghim trng. Hu ht cc m vim ln, h, xut huyt di da c ng knh t 1-4 cm thng do qu trnh bi nhim vi khun Aeromonas hydrophyla.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

Nui cy nm: Dng dao kh trng trn ngn la n cn ri p st vo phn danh gii gia vng vim v vng lnh trnh tp nhim nm tp t bn ngoi, sau ct mu c th tch khong 2 mm3, dng panh v trng gp mu t vo a MT nui cy nm (MT nui cy nm c cha khng sinh Penicilline 100 UI/ml v Oxolinic acid 100mg/l). Bao bc a mu ri nui cy nhit phng v theo di hng ngy. Nhn dng nm bng P2 quan st s hnh thnh bo t v qu trnh sinh sn v tnh. Nm A. invadans pht trin chm trong mi trng nui cy v khng pht trin 37oC trn MT nui cy GPY agar. Cm nhim xc nh nm bng cch tim 0,1 ml dung dch c cha trn 100 bo t ng vo loi c nhy cm vi bnh EUS (c qu) 20oC quan st s pht trin ca nm trong c ca mu c sau 7 ngy tim v hnh thnh bc nm sau 14 ngy.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

6. Truyn bnh: Bnh c th lan truyn thng qua lt li lm pht tn c mang mm bnh. Bnh thng xy ra k To thp (cc thng ma ng v ma xun). Nm A. invadans l nguyn nhn cn thit ca bnh v c mt trong mi trng hp, tuy nhin da c b tn thng l k cn thit cho nm gn v xuyn vo lp m bn di. Cc tn thng ny c th gy ra do nguyn nhn v sinh hoc hu sinh v d nh c v Philippine cc v dch xy ra u c s lin quan n cc trn ma a xt cng vi To thp. Trong cc trng hp khc khng c ma a xt bnh c th xut hin cng vi tc nhn sinh hc khc nh nhim Rhadovirus hoc cc yu t MT (nh To) c th to ra cc tn thng.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

nh 9a: M c c tr bnh thng nhum Eosin v Hematoxylin.

nh 9b: M c c tr b nhim bnh EUS nhum E&H, mi tn th hin bc nm.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

nh 9c: M c c tr b nhim bnh EUS, nhng im en l si nm.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

7. Phng v X l bnh: EUS xut hin hu ht cc loi c t nhin nn rt kh x l v dch trong mt vng. X l qun n trong t nhin l khng th trong hu ht cc trng hp. Gim mt nui l mt gii php hn ch dch bnh. Gii php loi tr tc nhn gy bnh bng cch di chuyn tt c cc loi c t ao, h cha, knh nc trc khi th li, rt cn, phi ao v bn vi cng vi vic kh trng cc dng c. Khi cc tc nhn gy bnh c x l t v tr nhim cn c cc bin php phng bnh trnh bnh quay tr li. Gii php chn cc loi c c kh nng khng bnh t nhin nui l c hiu qu mc trang tri.

Hi chng l lot (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome = EUS)

Nhng c nhng ni gii php thay i loi c nui khng thc hin c cn cc bin php dit nm sau: - Phi kh y ao v bn vi y ao trc khi th ging. - Dit c tp - Dng ho cht x l c ging trc khi th - Dng nc ngm - Dng mui tm cho c - Kh trng li v dng c. - Xanh malachite 0,1 mg/l

u c qu b l lot

BNH THI MANG HAY BNH BRANCHIOMYCOSIS

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: bnh xy do do nm Branchiomyces spp. 2. Loi b nh hng: c chp, c vng, ln... 3. Biu hin ca bnh: - Mang nht nht c vng nu hoc vng xm. - Vng mang b hoi t c th b bong ra giai on sau, do vy tr thnh mt tm im nhim nm Saprolegnia. 4. nh hng trn k ch - Si nm trong mang lm tc nghn s tun hon ca mu. - Hoi t t bo biu b ca mang v lm kt dnh t mang c th c quan st thy. - Bnh xy ra nhanh v t l cht t 30-50% xut hin trong 2-4 ngy. - Con vt cht ch yu do b n.

BNH THI MANG HAY BNH BRANCHIOMYCOSIS

5. Chn on: - Quan st mang - Quan st thy nhnh hoc nhiu si nm trong m mang b nh hng 6. Phng v x l bnh: Xanh malachite: 0,3 mg/l trong 24 gi. - Sulpht ng 100 ppm trong 10-30 pht. - Mui n (3-5%). Khi dch xy ra nn gim hoc dng cho n, vt ton b s cc cht em chn vi vi hay em t, phng dch ao nn c tho cn kh v kh trng y ao.

Bnh Ichthyphoniasis hay bnh Ichthyosporidiosis

1. Tc nhn gy bnh: Nguyn nhn gy bnh l do nm Ichthyophonus sp. (hay Ichthosporidium sp.) 2. Loi b nh hng: Bnh xy ra trn c song, c hi, c bn, c trch v c tuyt. 3. Biu hin ca bnh - Biu hin bn ngoi thay i theo loi v mt s loi b bnh khng c biu hin bn ngoi. - C c biu hin bi tht thng v chng bng. - Cc ni quan nh lch, gan, thn b sng ln v xut hin nhiu nt ht mu trng vi ng knh ln ti 2 mm. 4. nh hng ln k ch: C b n dn n gy cm v thiu mu.

Bnh Ichthyphoniasis hay bnh Ichthyosporidiosis

5. Chn on Quan st cc nt ht trng di knh hin vi s thy cc giai on pht trin khc nhau ca tc nhn gy bnh. nh 12 cho thy giai on u ca bo t, bo t ny mm v si nm. - Tc nhn gy bnh c bao bc bi m lin kt ca k ch hnh thnh u ht ln nhn. 6. Phng v x l bnh - iu tr cha c hiu qu - Cn ch khi dng c tp lm thc n.

Vng i ca Ichthyophonus hoferi trong c nc ngt

Cc bnh nm ch yu gip xc Bnh nm u trng tm

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh Bnh gy ra bi nm Lagenidium spp., Sirolpidium spp. v Haliphthoros spp. 2. Loi nh hng: Tt c cc loi tm he (Penaeus) cua (Scylla serrata). 3. Biu hin ca bnh - Thy u trng tm, cua cht bt ng (thng giai on Zoa v Mysis) 4. nh hng trn k ch - t hoc khng c p ng vim - Tm nhim bnh gy cht. T l cht 20-100% trong vng 24-48 gi sau khi nhim.

Cc bnh nm ch yu gip xc Bnh nm u trng tm

5. Chn on bnh - Kim tra u trng tm nhim bnh di knh hin vi s thy nm khng c vch ngn, nhnh si nm xuyn sut c th v phn ph. 6 Phng v x l bnh - Kh trng b ng nui u trng bng chlorine, nc ly vo b phi qua h thng lc. - Kh trng trng bng thuc ty ra vi nng 20ppm sau ra li trc khi p trng. - Dng formalin 1-10% iu tr v dng Treflan 0,2ppm diu tr d phng.

Cc bnh nm ch yu gip xc Bnh nm u trng tm

Nm Lagenidium

Nm Haliphthorox milfordensis

Nm Lagenidium u trng tm s

Cc bnh nm ch yu gip xc Bnh nm u trng tm

Trng cua bnh thng khng nhim nm

Trng cua Scylla serrata nhim nm Haliphthoros milfordensis

Bnh en mang hay bnh do nm Fusarium

1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: bnh gy ra do nm Fusarium solani 2. Loi b nh hng: Tt c cc loi tm he b nh hng ca bnh ny. 3. Triu chng bnh Xut hin m en trn mang sau thy tm cht. 4. nh hng trn k ch - Qu trnh pht trin bnh gy ra t l cht ti 30% - Nhim nm thng qua cc m tn thng

Bnh en mang hay bnh do nm Fusarium

- Ch tn thng l ca ng cho cc tc nhn c hi khc nhim v gy bnh. 5. Chn on bnh Kim tra t m nhim di knh hin vi s quan st thy tc nhn gy bnh c dng xung 6. Phng v x l bnh - Xa b ngun nhim nm Fusarium condiophores v x l cc c th nhim. - Cha thy c ha cht no x l c hiu qu.

Nm mang cua bn

Bnh Aflatoxicosis
1. Nguyn nhn gy bnh: - Bnh gy ra do c t Aflatoxin c sn sinh t nm Aspergillus flavus v cc loi Aspergillus khc m thng do bo qun thc n khng ng cch. 2. Loi b nh hng: Tt c cc loi tm he b nh hng ca bnh ny. 3. Triu chng bnh - Tm xut hin mu vng thm tr mu trn c th cng nh trn phn ph ca tm ging trong ao nui. - Tm bnh bi yu gn b ri cht. - Nhiu khi thy tm c biu hin mm v. 4. nh hng trn k ch - P2 m bnh hc quan st thy hoi t t bo biu b trong ng gan ty.

Bnh Aflatoxicosis
- Tm nhim bnh sinh trng chm. - Tm nhim bnh s khng sng st qua 30 giy khi thy trong khay thc n. - Tm b n. 5. Chn on bnh C xc nh s c mt Aflatoxin trong thc n nghi nhim nm. 6. Phng v x l bnh - Khng dng thc n nhim nm. - Bo qun thc n kh ro (khng d tr thc n sau khi ch bin qu 6 thng) ngn cn s pht trin ca nm.

Bnh Aflatoxicosis

Khi bo t nm Aspergillus sp. trong thc n

Tm li

Nm l mt nhm VSV c th gy bnh cho c v gip xc. Nm l sinh vt t dng. Nm sinh trng bng cch ko di, c th ca nm c th c hoc khng c vch ngn. Nhiu si nm tp hp li thnh bi nm. Nm sinh sn theo c hnh thc v tnh ln hu tnh.. Cc bnh nm quan trng gy bnh c v gip xc nh trnh by v nguyn nhn gy bnh, loi b nh hng, nh hng trn k ch, triu chng bnh c nhn dng trong tng bnh c th. P2 C bnh c cp nht hng nm, thuc iu tr l khng sn, tuy nhin phng bnh l P2 quan trng.

 cng
1. u l nm nc ngt, l trong cc nm gy bnh sau: Saprolegnia spp. (N), Achlya spp. (N), Aphanomyces invadans (N), Ichthyophonus hoferi (N), Saprolegnia diclina (N), Branchiomyces spp. (N) Fusarium solani (L), Lagenidium spp. (L), Haliphthoros spp.(L), Sirolpidium spp. Haliphthorox milfordensis, Aspergillus flavus 2. Nm no thng gy bnh cho tm, nm no thng gy bnh cho c Ichthyophonus hoferi (c) Fusarium solani (tm) 3. Tc nhn gy bnh no l nm, tc nhn gy bnh no l KST Ichthyophonus sp., Ichthyophthyrius multifiliis

TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP 1 KHOA CHN NUI - THY SN Chng V4. Bnh thng gp VTS
ThS. GV. Kim Vn Vn B mn: Nui trng Thy sn

Chng V3. Bnh thng gp VTS

I. Bnh truyn nhim 1. Bnh do vi rt VTS 2. Bnh do vi khun VTS 3. Bnh do nm VTS II. Bnh do k sinh trng 1. Bnh ngoi KST VTS 2. Bnh ni KST VTS 3. Bnh truyn ly gia ngi, V trn cn v VTS III. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

Bnh do KST
Cc khi nim chung I. Mt s k/n thng c cp trong kst hc 1. Quan h sng gia cc sv Sng hoi sinh l kiu sng chung gia 2 sv trong mt loi sng trong hoc trn phn thi ca loi khc. Sng cng sinh: thng c m t s lin quan gn m c 2 u c li. Hi sinh l kiu sng m c s lin quan gn: mt sv c li v sv kia khng c li nhng cng chng c hi g. KS l kiu sng gia 2 sv m mt bn sng nh vo bn kia hoc gy hi. Sv sng nh c gi l vt k sinh cn bn cho sng nh gi l vt ch. Hiu quan h k ch-k sinh cn hiu khng ch vt k sinh m cn phi hiu c k ch. Nghin cu sc kho c nhn mnh trn mt k ch ca quan h cng sinh.

2. KC c phn loi theo mc ch phc v KS KC x hay k ch cui cng: l kc m KST ST PT v t n g trng thnh. KC trung gian: l kc thay i hoc kc th 2 m KST qua mt g u trng hoc tn ti v tnh. KC mang: KST ch da vo k ch tn ti ch khng c ST v PT g ht. KC tm thi l kc m ks sng ngn sau ri kc sng t do.

3. KST c phn loi theo v tr KS 3.1 Ngoi KS: Gm cc loi KST KS trn da, vy v mang c. 3.2 Ni KS: Ni KST bao gm cc KST KS cc ni quan v trong c ca KC: AT v giun sn, giun sn trng thnh, thch bo t trng (Myxosporida), vi bo t trng (Microsporida), cu trng (Coccidia), tin mao trng (Trypanosomes, Cryptobia).

4. Vng i ca KST: Vng i thng c X s lin quan gia KS v KC. N hot ng trong tt c cc g PT trong cuc sng ca SV. Vng i trc tip: mt k ch Vng i gin tip: c trn 1 k ch. C c th hot ng nh KC cui cng, KC trung gian hoc KC mang.

5. nh gi thit hi do bnh KST T l c cht hoc m Gim kh nng ST Tiu tn nhiu thc n cho 1 kg tng trng Gim gi tr thng mi sn phm Gim kh nng S2 nh hng n sc kho ngi tiu dng C cn thit phi x l? X l c kinh t khng?

Ngoi KST
I. Tc ng ca Ngoi KST trn c 1. KS gy tn hi bi qu trnh gn bm Mc: Gyroductylus, Dactylogyrus, Ergrasilus Gic bm: Trichodina, Argulus Xuyn su hoc dng vi ht: Ichthyophthirium, Lernaea, a bm: Dactylogyrus, Scyphidia 2. KS gy thit hi do cnh tranh thc n KS ly D2 trc tip t cc t bo cha Ichthyobodo (Costia) Co xc: rn c bin Xuyn su

3. nh hng ca ngoi KST ln da v mang Kch thch bi gn v ht D2 Tng tit mucus dn n tng lng VK, nm v ngoi KS khc. Tng sinh t bo lm gim hiu qu ca trao i xy, CO2 Hoi t t bo nim mc dn n bong da lm thu ht nm, VK dn n nhim k pht. C cht do mt cn bng p xut thm thu, mt kh nng h hp. Xut huyt C nh rt d b nhim ngoi KST v rt d b tn thng da

II. Mt s Ngoi KST trn c 1. Sn l n ch (Monogenea): Hu ht cc loi sn l n ch trng (Dactylogyrid) v ch ring c 1 loi con (Gyrodactylus). Sn l n ch l loi ngoi KS thng KS trn da, mang c. Chng di truyn trn c th c v n trn biu b hoc cn b ca mang. N gn vo k ch thng qua c quan bm lm tn thng da v mang v cn ht cht D2. Sn l n ch c mt cp mc chnh gia. Sn trng thnh c c c quan sinh dc c v ci trn cng mt c th.

Sn Dactylogyrus KS trn mang

Gyrodactylus

Vng i ca sn l n ch: Hu ht sn l n ch c vng i trc tip. Sn trng thnh KS trn da, mang trng vo trong nc sau trng n thnh AT (Onchomiracidium) AT bi t do trong nc sau tm KC KS.
Sn KS trn vy

Dactylogyridae C t nht l 7 ging v trn 150 loi KS c nc mn v nc ngt trn ton th gii. KT di khng qu 2 mm hu ht chng c kt t 0,2-0,5 mm. Sn c 7 cp mc ra v 1 cp mc chnh gia v him loi c 2 cp. Chng c 2 hoc 4 im mt pha trc ca c th. Bung trng c hnh trn hoc hnh van, tinh hon dng n l, mi ln sn 1 trng. Ging sn thng KS c l Dactylogyrus v thng k sinh trong mang ca k ch v c ti 100 loi c nhn dng thuc ging Dactylogyrus v c kch thc ln hn Gyrodactylus. Chng thng k sinh trn mang, vng i pht trin ca chng ph thuc To. Ch : Trong qu trnh iu tr bnh cn iu tr bnh nhc li, thi gian iu tr nhc li ph thuc vo To.

Gyrodactylids Sn thng c tm thy trn nhiu loi V c xng sng bc thp (c, lng th, b st) v khng xng sng. t nht c 85 loi c nhn dng KS trn c. Gyrodactylids c 8 i mc xung quang v 1 i mc chnh gia, c 2-6 van ht. Chng c 1 gai giao cu chnh gia phn bng. Hu ht ging gy bnh cho c l Gyrodactylus, chng c phn b rng ri, loi ny thng c kt < 0,4 mm. Tt c cc loi thuc ging ny u con, vi 1-3 con con, t cung dng ch V, tinh hon hnh trn dng n l. Tc hi ca bn ny l chng gy tn thng cho c do dng cc mc bm v tn hi nghim trng khi chng di chuyn.

Dactylogyrus k sinh mang c

Gyrodactylus

Gyrodactylus k sinh trn vy c

Gyrodactylus k sinh trn, da vy c

Gyrodactylus sp., lives of epithelia. Connecting to th surface of the fish by penetrating it with 16 marginal hooks.

2. Bnh m trng hay bnh trng qu da Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: KST trng thnh thng KS da, mang c. Chng c hnh dng ging qu da hu, xung quanh c th c bao bi mt lp lng ngn, ming c cu trc n gin, nhn ln dng hnh ch U hay hnh mng nga. KST trng thnh nm di lp biu b khi trng ri da c vo nc gy tn thng nng cho da c, c bit khi c nhim vi s lng ln KST v nhiu trong s chng cng ri da vo nc, khi vo nc KST bi mt thi gian ri to bc bo t v bm vo cc vt cht c trong nc, trong bc ny chng phn chia thnh nhiu bo t con (100-2000), sau mt thi gian cc bo t con PT ph v mng bo t chnh thot vo nc bi tm KC mi. Chng s b cht nu trong vng 3-4 ngy khng tm c KC mi.

Trng qu da trng thnh

C b nhim trng qu da

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. (white spot disease) Ciliate infecting the skin and fins. Consist of the trophont feeding in the host epidermis. Size up to 0,4-0,8 mm. It escapes to the water and swims freely as tomonts. After encysting on the substrate, numerous cell divisions take place (up to 1000). These theronts seek up new hosts.

To thch hp cho KST ST v PT t 2-30oC, tu thuc vo To cao hay thp m vng i ca KST c th rt ngn hoc ko di. To cao vng i ca KST c rt ngn nhng kt ca KST nh v ngc li. To 24-26oC ton b vng i ca KST ch mt 4 ngy. - Khi bnh xy ra x l bnh bng xanh malachite kt hp vi formaline hoc Chloramine T, Dimetridazole Emtryl.

3. Bnh trng bnh xe hay trng mt tri Bnh gy ra do KST Trichodina, Trichodinella, Tripartiella c hnh dng ging bnh xe, mi loi KST KS c trng mt loi KC. Chng thng KS trn da, mang v i khi cn bt gp bng i. KST c phn b trn ton cu v tt c cc h thng, c nh rt nhy cm vi bnh, Chng S2 bng cch ct i. C b bnh thng tng tit cc t bo dch nhy trn da v cn gy hoi t. C nhim bnh c mu sc khng bnh thng, c chm chp, mt trng lng, c c biu hin treo du trn b mt v cun xoy. iu tr bnh bng formaline hoc CuSO4

Trichodina

4. Bnh Costiasis NN gy bnh l Ichthyobodo necator hay Costia necatrix. Chng c 2 dng: dng bi c 1 cp lng trn thn v dng dt. Chng KS trn da, mang v i khi bi t do trong c nc ngt ln nc mn, nhng thng thy c nc ngt hn. Chng xuyn su vo t bo cht ca t bo KC, t bo nim mc ca da v mang. KST c dng qu l vi kch thc t 7-10 . KST thng KS c hi (nc ngt) hng v c hi ging. B g c mi n c nhim bnh gy cht rt nhanh, t l cht cao, c nh nhy cm vi bnh hn c ln. To thch hp cho KST PT t 2-30oC. trnh thit hi do bnh gy ra cn ch k thut nui dng v mt th thp. Khi bnh xy ra dng formalin x l bnh.

Ichthyobodo - Costia

Ichthyobodo necator

5. Bnh trng loa kn. Bnh xy ra do trng Apisoma, Epistylis, Vorticella. Cc KST c dng hnh loa kn, hnh cc, c th c th co rt thng ch sng bm trn KC ch khng gy nhiu thit hi, nhng khi nhim nhiu thng gy tng tit dch nhy, da tr nn xung huyt, KS khng c KC B, phn b ton cu, bnh thng lin quan n cht lng nc. C th iu tr bnh bng CuSO4 hoc formalin nhng cn iu tr nhc li.

 Epistylis sp. Attaches to skin, fins and gills. Adheres to epithelium, and filters the water with their cilia and live of organic particles in the water. Reproduce by budding of teletrochs. Able to swim to other host.

6. Gip xc k sinh C th gip xc c b xng ngoi ni vi cc phn ph v c th phn t. ng tiu ha hon chnh, c vng tun hon, h hp bng kh qun, mang mt phn thng ra b mt c th. Gii tnh l tch bit, tt c trng. Thi gian gip xc sng KS khng lu hn thi gian chng sng t do. Gip xc KS gm: Copepoda, Branchiura v Isopoda.

6.1 Copepoda k sinh trn c gm c 1600-1800 loi trong ch c khong 5% s loi KS trn c nc ngt c tm thy. Ch c 4 ging c tm thy c nui bin: - Learnaea - Lamproglena - Ergasilus - Carligus . Ch c con ci KS, con c sng t do S g trong vng i ca Copepoda c th >10: Nauplius 2-3 g, Copepodid 4-5 g, tin trng thnh 2 g v g trng thnh.

Copepoda ci trng thnh mang trng Cyclopoid Tin trng thnh Copepodid k sinh Copepodid bi t do Trng Nauplius

Vng i ca Copepodid

a. Bnh trng m neo Lernaea C th khng phn t, neo bm trn m bng mc rt ln. C 5 loi c thng bo gy bnh cho c nui bin. Loi gy thit hi kinh t ln nht l L. cyprinacea. Loi gy bnh c nc ngt KS khng c hiu vi loi KC no v khng kn chn v tr k sinh trn c th KC. X l bnh: nc vi trong, Dipterex, l xoan, formalin

b. Ergasilus: K sinh mang l chnh i khi gp trn da, vy, ng ten th cp PT mnh, c mc bm khe. 6.2 Branchiura: Argulus (rn) thuc b Branchiura, thng tm thy c nc ngt. c gi l rn c. Chng thng KS trn da, mang v vy c, hu ht tm thy trn da c. C th phn ra lm 3 vng: vng u ngc, vng ngc v vng vng bng. Phn u c gic ht, chn bi, im mt, ming, phn ngc, phn thn c cc t bng. 6.3 Isopod: C khong 400 loi k sinh c, mt s loi k sinh khng bt buc, mt s l KC trung gian, mt s ht mu KC v khi trng thnh ri KC.

7. Chilodonella KST c dng hnh bu dc hi lch kt rt nh v khng th nhn c bng mt thng v t 30-80x20-62 , C th c 2 phn c 8-9, 12-13 hng lng, ming ca KST thng gn trn lp biu b mang ca k ch lm tng sinh cc t bo biu b v tng tit dch nhy to ra nhng m mu trng, mu xm trn da, trn mang. KST c nhn to hnh trn. Bnh thng xy ra i km vi cht lng MT km, c yu v thng km vi cc bnh do VK gy ra trn mang. iu tr bnh bng Formaline

8. u trng nhuyn th (Glochidium) Chng l T ca nhuyn th 2 mnh, hon thnh vng i chng phi tri qua QT sng bm vo mang c. Nu c b nhim t khng c nh hng g nhng khi nhim nhiu s nh hng n h hp ca c.

Ni KST
1. Sn l song ch (Digenea) v u trng Metacercariae. Tu v tr KS s gy nhng tc hi khc nhau: * Nu KS mt gy m khng c kh nng bt mi dn n cht. Chng c th kch thch v tr KS gy khi vim Tng kh nng b ch hi n tht D nhy cm vi stress T l cht cao C th cn nh hng n bnh ca ngi. * hn ch tc hi ca bnh cn ty trng ao trc khi nui, dit c v ngn cn s tip sc ca chim bt c n ao nui.

Sn trng thnh thng l ni KS sng trong rut, ch duy nht c mt loi (Transversotrema) tm thy l ngoi KS chng KS gia cc lp vy c. T sng c ni v ngoi KS: vy, vy, mang, rut, c v cc ni quan khc. Sn c 2 gic bm: gic bm ming v gic bm bng. C th dng dt, hnh van hoc dng mc, thn khng phn t. Vng i ca chng tri qua t 2 k ch tr ln.

Sn song ch gm: Diplostomum, Ichthyotylurus, Tylodelphys, Urulifer Sn k sinh chim T KS c T KS c

Vng i ca sn Strigeoid

In the fish eye:

Diplostomum sp. Located in

the lens. In large numbers it blinds the fish. The parasite is at this stage called metacercaria.

Tylodelphys sp.
Located in vitreous humour. Same as above but with different species of snail

SN TRNG THNH

u trng Metacercaria k sinh V c hoc khng xng hoc cy c thy sinh u trng Cercaria bi t do

Trng u trng Miracidium bi t do u trng Sporocyst hoc Redia k sinh trong nhuyn th

Vng i ca sn l song ch

2. Sn dy (Cestoda = Tape worm): Sn trng thnh thng sng trong ng rut v c xng sng, cc g AT c th sng c V c XS hoc V khng XS. Cu trc ca sn trng thnh dng di gm c phn u (Scolex) v phn thn (body). Phn u c im mt v gic bm, phn thn gm nhiu t sn (Segments). Mt s loi phn thn khng phn t. Phn thn phn t, mi t sn c y c quan S2.

SN TRNG THNH K SINH K CH CUI CNG

Trng Plerocercoid k ch trung gian th 2 Plerocercoid Plerocercoid k ch mang Procercoid k ch trung gian th nht Vng i ca sn dy

Coracidium

3. Giun trn (Nematoda): Chng c phn b rng trong c nc ngt v nc mn. Mt con c c th nhim hng trm con giun nhng vn sng trong mt quan h bt. Giun c hnh tr di v tch ring gii tnh (c ci). C th phn bit c ci da vo hnh dng ui giun. Giun trn c th trng (oviparous) hoc ra T (viviparous). T ca giun trn thng KS trn da v lt xc nhiu ln trong cc g ST v PT. Nhng n g lt xc ln 3 T c th xm nhp c vo KC cui cng.

4. Giun u mc: Giun c phn b rng, tt c cc loi, u KS trong ng tiu ha ca V c XS. Giun c ci vi phn trc v c bao ph bi nhiu mc, nn c gi l giun u mc. C th giun c chia lm 3 phn: vi, c v thn. Thn c dng hnh tr, vi c cha mc, s lng mc l mt ch tiu trong phn loi giun. Chc nng ca vi neo c th giun vo mt ni bng cch xuyn su vo thnh rut ca KC. C l phn ngn nm pha sau vi c th co rt, Thn cu trc dng ti hnh tr hoc dng dt i xng 2 bn, con c c ti tinh, con ci trng di. Giun thng tm thy c t nhin, t thy c nui.

Tc hi ca giun gy ra ph thuc vo: KT v s lng cc mc H ca giun (chuyn ng ln xung) KT ca c v dy mng ca thnh rut Kh nng xuyn su ca mc. S lng giun Tnh hnh ph hp ca giun vi KC.

5. Bo t trng (Myxosporida) Chng thng KS mang, no c chp. Chng c nhiu loi nhng thng c phn bit da trn: Loi bo t chng hnh thnh, kt v s lng. Loi KC v loi t bo KC m chng nhim. Ni m bo t hnh thnh. Gin tip trong t bo cht ca t bo KC. Khi KST xm nhp chng kch thch t bo bnh thng lm t bo trng phng ln lc ny t bo k ch hon ton thay i cu trc, hnh dng v chc nng.

Bnh truyn ly gia ngi V trn cn VTS (FZPs)

1. Bnh sn l phi Paragonimus heterotremus. Bnh xut hin vng pha Nam ca TQ, Thi lan, Lo v VN. Sn trng thnh sng phi ngi, ch, th, kh, mo sn trng theo m ra ngoi tm c nh k ch trung gian th nht PT sau thnh metacercaria KS cua ni. Ngi v cc V khc n cua ni cha chn c cha u trng s PT thnh sn trng thnh.

2. Sn l gan nh: Clornochis sinensis & Opisthorchis ovirrini 3. Sn l rut nh: Haplorchis spp., Centrocestus spp. 4. Sn l gan ln: Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica

TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP 1 KHOA CHN NUI - THY SN Chng V5. Bnh thng gp VTS
ThS. GV. Kim Vn Vn B mn: Nui trng Thy sn

Chng V5. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

I. Bnh truyn nhim 1. Bnh do vi rt VTS 2. Bnh do vi khun VTS 3. Bnh do nm VTS II. Bnh do k sinh trng 1. Bnh ngoi KST VTS 2. Bnh ni KST VTS 3. Bnh truyn ly gia ngi, V trn cn v VTS III. Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi

Bnh do MT, D2, DT v ch hi hay Bnh khng truyn nhim

Bnh khng truyn nhim c tm gy ra bi s bt li ca MT, DT v DT. Bnh c th gy cht t ngt hng lot nhng khng ly lan. Bnh do MT gy ra bi cc yu t nh hm lng xy ho tan thp, To qu thp (gy cht rt) hoc qu cao (gy cht nng), hm lng Amoniac, nitrit cao hoc c t do con ngi gy ra trong MT nc (thuc tr su).

I. Bnh lin quan n yu t thy l thy ha nc

1. Bnh bt kh: Bnh gy ra do qu bo ho cc kh ho tan trong nc (thng l kh Nit v kh xy). Cc kh ny ho tan nhiu trong nc To thp. S ho tan b gim i khi To nng ln. Tng nhanh To nc gy ra hin tng qu bo ho kh. Bnh bt kh do kh nit ch xut hin khi hm lng kh ho tan trn 115% di mc ny bnh khng hnh thnh. Hin tng qu bo ho kh ho tan c th do r r bm hoc h thng van trong tri hoc do hin tng qu dy c to gy thiu xy v m v qu bo ho trong ngy.

Triu chng bnh: C b bnh thng xut hin bt kh trong xoang bng, mt, da, mang, vy, ming, bng hi, ng tiu ho v gy li mt. Biu hin bnh bt kh khng th nhm vi hi trng stress bng hi v bt kh sau ch nhn thy trong bng hi. nh hng trn k ch C cht do tc mch mu v tch kh trong m Ph v thoi ho m Phng gic mc Cht bt ng

* Phng bnh Thay nc: ngoi vic to MT mi cn gim vt cht v kh c trong MT nc. Nhng thay nc cn lu v nc mi thng cha hm lng xy ho tan cao hn nc c. Cng khng c mt s r rng l thay bao nhiu nc v nu thay t khng lm gim c cc cht v kh c nhng thay nhiu c th gy stress cho ng vt c bit khi lm mnh. Trnh hin tng to n hoa nhiu: To n hoa c th khng c li cho v. Bnh thng to n hoa to thm cc t bo trong nc, khi chng gi hoc cht i gy ra cc vn : lng ng di y khi vsv bt u phn gii cc hp cht hu c v tiu hao nhiu xy ho tan v c th gy thiu kh. Kim tra hm lng xy ho tan thng xuyn trong ngy xc nh thi im nguy cp.

Tm he b bnh bt kh 1 v 2: mang tm b bnh bt kh chuyn sang mu trng bt. 3: Mt bng ca tm b bnh bt kh cho thy cc bt kh xoang hemocoel di lp v kitin v xung quang b thn kinh bng 4:Tiu bn ti ca Postlarvae b bnh bt kh. 5 v 6: Hnh nh phng i thp v cao ca tiu bn ti lm t mang ca tm b bnh bt kh cho thy cc bt kh cha y trong m mang ca tm bnh.

2. Hi chng stress bng hi Hi chng stress bng hi lin quan vi vic mt chc nng ca bng hi v s kt hp ca vic nh bt th bo, thay i bin To rng, cng chiu sng mnh, to n hoa dy c. Cng chiu sng mnh gy to n hoa nhanh dn n thiu xy v m v hin tng qu bo ho xy ho tan trong ngy. Biu hin bnh: c bt b bnh thng thy bt kh ln phn lng pha trc v phn gia pha ngoi ca bng hi. nh hng trn k ch: C b bnh mt kh nng iu chnh, nhao ln khng kh, gy cng phng bng. C mt kh nng ni v bi v mt pha, nghing u xung gn b mt. Phng bnh: Lc nc nui, iu chnh to n hoa trong nc, cung cp kh duy tr c bt pha di ca cc b p.

3. Ngt hay thiu xy huyt Ngt hoc thiu xy huyt gy ra bi mc xy ho tan thp do: - Nhiu hp cht hu c trong nc - To n hoa v to tn. Biu hin: C ngp ch nc vo, ming ngp v bi b mt. Phng bnh: Kim tra hm lng xy ho tan thng xuyn v cung cp ngay xy ho tan khi cn thit: sc kh, qut nc.

4. Trng c mui mn l lng mui ho tan trong nc thng c tnh bng n v %o. Kh nng chu ng mn ph thuc loi thu sn. Khi mn qu cao hoc qu thp (ngoi ngng thch nghi) lm cho c gy yu, mt vy v m mt. 5. Trng c kim Khi kim trong nc cao hn kh nng chu ng gy trng c. Dng vi x l ao qu liu, dng vi dit tp. C b trng c c biu hin m c da, s da v mang. Phng bnh: Kim tra pH ngun nc v iu chnh pH cho ph hp vi tng loi nui.

6. Trng c a xt Trng c a xt gy ra do gim pH ti mc qu thp khng ph hp vi loi nui. Khi c s chnh lch ln vi pH thch hp. C b bnh thng c biu hin bi li v di chuyn nhanh v ngp kh, tng tit dch nhy v lm cht nhanh. Thng xy ra cc ao nc thi t cc xng bia c (nh Bng) nh hng ca KC: Trao i cht bnh thng b cn tr dn n chm PT v gy cht. Phng bnh: - Kim tra pH t - Dng nc ra y ao, a xt thng th hin mu y ao. - Bn vi trc khi th VTS.

7. Bnh rm nng Bnh xy ra do tc ng qu mnh ca cc tia t ngoi t nh sng mt tri khi c c th trong vng nng khng c che ph, thiu vng qun th to hp thu nh sng mt tri. Biu hin ca bnh: C b nh hng xut hin cc vt lot trn mu xm tp trung trn u, vy ngc, vy lng v vy ui. nh hng trn k ch: vt lot xut hin to ca ng cho cc tc nhn gy bnh khc xm nhp k pht. Phng bnh: Trc khi th c cn gy mu nui to bng cch bn phn kt s sinh trng ca to.

8. Bnh hoi t c Bnh gy ra do mt trong cc yu t sau: - Shock To v mn - Hm lng xy ha tan thp - Th qu dy - Xy st do nh bt hoc vn chuyn - Qu nhiu SV bm trn mang Biu hin ca bnh: Tm bnh thng xut hin vng trng c trn phn bng, mu en trn ra ca chn sau n mn, chy dch u chn g sau. nh hng KC: C s cht dn cc t bo vng nh hng, dn n s n mn, c bit trn ui. Cc vng nh hng ny to ca ng cho nhim khun th pht. Phng bnh: Nn gim mt tm th trong ao, cung cp thc n trnh cho tha thc n, hng ngy thay nc 5-10% nng cao cht lng nc.

9. Bnh cong thn Bnh cong thn lin quan n qu trnh nh bt v vn chuyn tm trong khng kh To v m cao hn trong nc nui. Mt s khng cn bng mui khong c th dn n bnh. Tm bnh cong cng tng phn hoc ton b c th khi a chng ra khi nc. nh hng trn KC: Tm b cong thn bi g phn bng v mt bn, tm b co rt ton b nm y ao, y b khng c ng v d b tm khe n tht.

Tm s b bnh cong thn

10. Tm lt xc khng hon ton Tm lt xc khng hon ton thng lin quan n To thp trong nc nui. Biu hin: Phn v c vn gn vo phn ph ca tm Post mi lt. Biu hin khc ca tm Post l bi li khng bnh thng v tm d b n tht. Phng bnh: Tm lt xc khng hon ton c th phng bnh hoc x l bng cch iu chnh To thch hp trong nc nui, v s dng dng c nng nhit khi To thp cc tri ging.

11. Ngt/thiu kh tm Hin tng ngt gy ra bi gim hm lng xy ha tan do nhiu CHC hoc to n hoa To cao. Biu hin: Tm b nh hng bi trn tng mt v chng b cht vi s lng ln. nh hng ca KC: Xut hin t ngt lm kit h hp dn n cht, nh hn lm nh hng n trao i cht lm sinh trng chm li. Phng bnh: Cc thng s nc c bit l hm lng xy ha tan s phi kim tra thng xuyn khi thy hm lng xy ho tan gim xung thp cn bt ngay my khuy nc hoc bm nc ngay. Trong k my khuy nc v bm nc khng thun li cn gim mt nui. i vi tm s v cc loi tm khc trong QT nui phi thng xuyn kim tra hm lng xy ha tan v sn sng dng my khuy nc v bm nc. Hin nay c vin si cung cp xy tng y

12. Hi chng bnh a xt sul pht Hin tng xy ra khi pH nc, t thp Tm b nh hng thng biu hin: - ST chm do chm lt xc. - Mang v phn ph c mu vng chuyn sang mu da cam ri chuyn sang mu nu. y ao c mu c bit trong trng hp y ao phi nng. nh hng ca KC: Trao i cht bnh thng b cn tr lm chm QT ST c th dn n cht. Tm s nui trong vng t b nhim a xt sul pht cha bao gi ln trn 15 g trong thi gian nui 120 ngy, mc d trong 60 ngy nui u tin chng ST tng i nhanh. Phng bnh: - Ra y ao bng nc sch ri dng vi bn y ao trc khi th tm.

13. Bnh en mang Bnh do lng ng ha cht, lng ng bn, tng hm lng ammonia hoc nitrite trong nc nui. N cng do cha nhiu cc CHC (thc n tha, phn lng ng y ao to bn en bn y). Biu hin: Mang tm bnh c mu hoc nu sau chuyn sang mu en v lm teo nh ca cc t mang sau ton b mang chuyn sang mu en, pha mt lng ca c th c th c bao ph ging lp sng, tm mt tnh thm n v gy cht. nh hng trn KC: Quan st m bnh hc trn mang thy s lng ng melanin v tr m hoi t, lng ng cc t bo mu trong mang lm nh hng n h hp kh khn v nhim VK, nm v n bo KS k pht thng qua cc t bo cht mang. Phng bnh: Cc cht thi cc nh my c cha kim loi nng khng c thi vo ngun nc nui tm. Bn en nn c di chuyn sau mi la nui v phi y ao. Trong QT CB ao b mt cn c ra nhiu ln. Trong QT nui nc ao cn c thay thng xuyn v trnh cho n tha.

Bnh en mang gh

Bnh en mang cua

14. Bnh Bnh tm l do dng qu nhiu vi ci to ao ban u tng pH (2-4 tn/ha) v tm sng trong MT c mn thp (615%o) Biu hin tm bnh: Tm c mu trn mang hoc cc t bng, Trn thn xut hin mu vng n mu . Km theo s tng dch trong u ngc, i khi tm bnh cn pht ra mi hi. nh hng trn KC: Kim tra m bnh hc thy xut hin cc t bo mu thot vo gia cc ng gan ty, khi tng vim fibrin v melanin cc m hoi t, c trong ng hoc xoang xung quanh n. Phng bnh: y ao nn c CB cn thn, nn gim lng vi v cc cht hu c khi CB ao.

Bnh cht tm b m trong cc tri ging Vit nam

15. Hi chng mm v mn tnh Tm b mm v xut hin do tm bnh thng tip xc vi thuc tr su: Aquatin nng 0,0154-1,54 ppm, Gusathion nng 1,5-150 ppm, Rotenon 10-50 ppm v Saponin 100 ppm trong 4 ngy. Biu hin: Tm mm v PT chm v thm tr cht. M bnh hc tm nhim Gusathion c biu hin tng sinh biu m mang, tch lp t bo trong ng gan ty gy hoi t v thoi ha nhng m ny. nh hng trn KC: V mng, mm v yu trong nhiu ngy, b mt thng c mu ti rp, c np nhn. Tm b nh hng yu. Khng nhm tm bnh vi tm mi lt xc, tm mi lt bnh thng c mu sng, nhn, v mm ri cng li sau 1-2 ngy. Qua iu tra cho thy bnh mm v xut hin ti 98% di iu kin pH t cao, nc cha t vt CHC. Phng bnh: Trong QT CB ao nui, y ao nn c ra c bit nhng vng nghi nhim thuc tr su. Duy tr cht lng nc v bn y ao.

II. Bnh lin quan n cc yu t vt l Ch yu gy tn thng trong nh bt, vn chuyn, mt th dy v ch hi gy nhim khun k pht.

C r phi b xy st nhim trng

Xng c Dic b bin dng do b kch in

C b trng c thuc tr su C b trng c thuc dit tp t cc ao nui tm

Bnh thiu vitamin C ca ng vt thy sn

Khi gip xc thiu vitamin C thng th hin cc vng c mu en di lp v kitin mt lng ca phn bng, cc chn bi, chn b v cc vt en trn mang tm. Cc vt en c th xut hin d dy, rut. Tm b bnh th hin s b n, hay km n, kh nng chu sc gim st, mn cm hn vi cc loi mm bnh th cp khc nhau, kh nng ti to vt thng gim nn QT hi phc chm li. Khi c nui b thiu vitamin C thng th hin mt s du hiu nh: cc dng d tt xng sng, tt n lng v hin tng xut huyt gc vy, xung quanh ming v mt ca c, mu sc c th chuyn sang mu en ti. C b bnh cng gim sinh trng v kh nng chng chu sc v s xm nhp ca tc nhn gy bnh.

Bnh thiu vitamin C thng xy ra trong cc h thng nui tm c thm canh, c bit nui trong k c thnh phn loi hoc s lng ngho nn cc loi to. Trn c nui, c rt nhiu cc thng bo khc nhau v bnh thiu vitamin c: hin bnh n lng ca c chp, c bn, c r phi xanh; xut huyt vy v mt c trm c; s bin dng ca ct sng ca c m lm c c du hiu n lng, bng c hp li. Bnh ny c th gy cht ri rc. phng bnh, trong nui trng thy sn cn b sung mt lng vitamin C thch hp cho tng i tng nui, ty theo loi thc n dng, c bit trong trng hp dng thc n tng hp nui tm c. Mc d trong thnh phn thc n tng hp c mt lng vitamin tng hp, nhng trong qu trnh ch bin v bo qun, vitamin C b tht thot rt nhiu, do vy nu khng b sung, c th vt nui s xut hin bnh l ni trn. B cn lu khi nui VTS trong MT thiu to. Lng vitamin C cn b sung cho VTS rt khc nhau ty theo tng i tng nui v tng loi vitamin C.

C b cong ct sng (hp bng, n lng) c lin quan ti hin tng thiu vitamin C

Bnh do thc n
Bnh nhim c t nm mc Aflatoxin trong thc n (Xem phn Bnh do Nm)

C r phi b bnh do n phi thc n i thiu, thc n nhim nm mc, to c. Bng chng to tch kh, hu mn li ra

THC VT GY HI
1. Thc vy thy sinh gy hi: Khi TVTS PT mnh, c th lm cc ch s l v ha hc ca MT nui bin ng rt mnh nh: trong, DO, pH, kh c...c th gy sc cho tm c, hoc gy cht hng lot. Trong cc ao nui tm thm canh, nu k thut qun l khng tt, c th to y s PT mnh, cnh tranh khng gian hot ng ca tm nui, lm cho bin ng oxy theo ngy m rt ln, tm nui phi sng trong MT thiu oxy vo na m v sng, gy sc hoc c th gy cht tm. Khi to y tn li, mt lng mn b hu c rt ln tn ti y ao gy hin tng nhim y ao. Khi TVPD PT mnh, khi tn li ng lot c th lm tng lng vt CHC l lng, bm vo mang tm c, gy hin tng vng mang, en mang.

Mt s loi to ph du, do c bo v bn ngoi bng mt lp mng nhy, nn khi VTS n vo rt kh tiu ha, c th lm chng bng, khng tiu v gy cht c tm VD in hnh v loi tc hi ny l to Mycrocytic. TVTS l ni c tr v l gi th trng ca nhiu KST v ng vt gy hi i vi VTS nui, nh a c (Piscicola spp) v rn c (Argulus spp) u l nhng KST c tp tnh trng dnh trn TVTS. 2. TVTS gy c. 2.1. Hin tng to c n hoa v "thy triu 2.2. Cc k kt s n hoa ca to c, to hi: S ph dng; Khi nc b mt tn ti trong mt thi gian di; p lc s dng TVPD ca v n tvpd gim xung ; S thch nghi vi k gy sc ca MT; S tng cng s dng cc mt nc ven bin cho NTTS

3. nh hng ca hin tng n hoa to c, to hi ti vts Hin tng n hoa ca to c th lm mt s ch s MT bin ng ln, DO v pH. Khi tn li, s phn hy do VK hay do tc ng ha hc u tiu hao mt lng Oxy ng k v thi ra cc kh c cho cc SV sng trong MT, gy hi cho h SV y. c t sinh ra t cc loi to c c th lm thng tn mang, nh hng n h h hp ca VTS, c th gy hin tng xut huyt, v mch mu hay tc ng ti h thn kinh ca VTS. C nhiu loi c t khc nhau c tit ra t cc loi to khc nhau v trong nhiu trng hp c ch v c tnh gy c ca cc c t ny cha c lm sng t. Tuy vy, mt s c t c nhn bit v hu ht chng u gy c cho c, trong loi gy c cho h thng thn kinh (Neurotoxins) thng gp nht.

Khi hin tng n hoa ca to c xy ra vng bin no , c t khng nhng git hi vts ti ni m nc vng ny chy vo cc ao a nui thy sn ven bin, v vts nui chu tc hi. Trong trng hp ny, s dng nc ngm cng khng tht s an ton Hin tng to c, to hi n hoa cn c tc hi lm tng hm lng Ion kim loi nng trong nc bin, thng qua qu trnh trao i ion kim loi ca cc t bo to. Ngi ta quan st c mi quan h gia s n hoa ca to c, hi vi cc loi Ion Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg v Pb trong nc tng mt.

Trong mt s nm gn y, ngi ta quan st c nhiu hin tng n hoa ca to c gy cht trc tip cc i tng nui thy sn nh c, gip xc, VTM. c t tit ra t cc loi to c cng nh hng rt ln n i sng ca gip xc v VTM ngoi t nhin v trong NTTS, trong thc t khng him gp hin tng ng vt 2 v (Bivalvia) b cht hng lot lin quan ti to c. Khi con ngi s dng nhng v b cht do ng c lm thc n, c t c th nh hng ti sc khe con ngi, dng nh th gy d ng, dng nng c th gy t vong.

4. Chin lc i ph vi hin tng n hoa ca cc loi to c, hi Qun l hin tng thy triu Cn ph bin cc thng tin v hin tng thy triu cho cng ng dn c, c bit nhng ngi tham gia NTTS thng qua cc bui thuyt trnh hay tp hun. Khi hin tng thy triu xy ra, vng NTTS gn khng c ly nc vo ao a v ngi dn trong vng khng c s dng lm t. n nhng v c v nh gip xc, vtm thu t ni b nh hng ca nc thy triu . Cn ban hnh mt s quy nh cm thu hoch, bn v vn chuyn tt c cc ging loi gip xc v vtm ni chu nh hng ca thy triu . Cm vn chuyn VTS t ni xy ra thy triu n cc vng khng b nh hng. Cn CB mt s chng loi thuc cn thit v hng dn bin php cp cu nhng trng hp con ngi b ng c do c t ca cc loi to c.

NG VT GY HI

ng vt hoang d c th cnh tranh oxy v thc n ca VTS VTSinh v V trn cn c th l k ch trung gian, k ch cui cng hoc l cc sinh vt mang mm bnh ly nhim cho VTS nui V c th trc tip gy hi cho VTS nui: Ri c; chim bi c, b nng, lng c, c cc, b go, c d

Sinh vt bm trn mai cua

U ym gh?

III. C bnh do MT v bnh khng truyn nhim

Cc bnh khng TN c th c C thng qua kim tra c, phn tch m bnh hc, phn tch huyt hc nh gi thnh phn t bo mu trong p ng stress, phn tch l ha nc nui, nh gi hot ng v qun l ng vt nui. Tm li: Bnh khng TN gy ra bi s thay i hoc nh hng trc tip ca cc yu t MT ln sc khe ca vts v cng b nh hng bi k bt li ca MT m gy ra stress. Stress cng cng do thay i vt l ca MT hoc do nh bt, phn loi hoc trt tri.