Buckling of Thin Laminated Plates

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Buckling of Thin Laminated Plates

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SDM-25350
July 1, 2008
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BUCKLING OF THIN LAMINATED PLATES Rev A CAGE Code 4ATM5 SDM-25350 PROPRIETARY Page 1 of 85 ECCN EAR99 Technical
Document Approval Information
REVISION NOTICE This revision notice provides a brief description of the changes made within this standard. This standard should be reviewed in its entirety for the total extent of the changes. Technical changes are noted here and in the margin of the standard with a revision bar. Editorial changes may not be noted. Revision Description: This revision includes technical and editorial changes to correct errors and improve clarity. Document organization was revised; Section 3.1 was updated; Solution for non-orthotropic plates was added in Section 2.4.4; Solutions for plates under shear loading were removed for methodology revision.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................4 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................6 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................9 1.1 Buckling Nature .....................................................................................................9 1.2 Assumptions and Restrictions for Laminates.........................................................9 1.3 Analytical Approach.............................................................................................10 1.4 Plate Loading........................................................................................................11 1.5 Boundary Conditions............................................................................................11 1.6 Manual Organization............................................................................................11 2. Theoretical Basics..............................................................................................................13 2.1 Energy Method .....................................................................................................13 2.2 Boundary Conditions............................................................................................15 2.2.1 Simply Supported Edges .............................................................................15 2.2.2 Clamped Edges............................................................................................15 2.2.3 Free Edges ...................................................................................................16 2.3 Applied Loads ......................................................................................................17 2.3.1 Uniformly Distributed Loads ......................................................................17 2.3.2 Linearly Distributed Normal Loads ............................................................17 2.4 General Approach.................................................................................................20 2.4.1 Simply Supported Plates .............................................................................20 2.4.2 Plates with Mixed Clamped and Simply Supported Edges .........................22 2.4.3 Plates with One Free Edge ..........................................................................24 2.4.4 Simply Supported Plates with Bending-Twisting Coupling .......................27 2.4.5 Simply Supported Plate Subjected to Linearly Distributed Normal Load ..28 3. Buckling Solutions for Orthotropic Plates.........................................................................30 3.1 Assumptions and definitions ................................................................................30 3.2 Uniaxial Compression ..........................................................................................35 3.2.1 Analytical Solution for Simply Supported Plate .........................................35 3.2.2. Analytical Solution for Plate with Clamped Edges.....................................36 3.2.3. Analytical Solutions for Plates with Mixed Simply Supported, Clamped and Free Edges ............................................................................................38 3.3 Biaxial Loading ....................................................................................................49 3.3.1 Analytical Solutions for Simply Supported Plate........................................49
3.3.2 Analytical Solutions for Plate with Clamped Edges...................................53 3.3.3 Analytical Solutions for Plates with Mixed Simply Supported and Clamped Edges ...........................................................................................57 3.4 Linearly Distributed Normal Loading..................................................................63 4. Buckling Analysis of Plates with Bending-Twisting Coupling ........................................65 5. Computational Procedure ..................................................................................................68 6. Example Problems.............................................................................................................74 6.1 Example 1 Analysis of Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression .....................................................................................74 6.2 Example 2 Analysis of Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped Edges under Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression ........................................................................................................79 6.3 Example 3 Analysis of Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression........................................................81 References ...............................................................................................................................85
List of Figures
Figure 2.1-1. Forces applied to edges of rectangular plate. ...............................................13 Figure 2.2-1. Boundary conditions for plates with simply supported edges. ....................15 Figure 2.2-2. Boundary conditions for plates with clamped edges....................................16 Figure 2.2-3. Boundary conditions for free edges. ............................................................17 Figure 2.3-1. Plate subjected to uniformly distributed loads N x and N y .......................18 Figure 2.3-2. Plate Subjected to linearly distributed normal load. ....................................18
List of Tables
Table 2.3-1. Shapes of Normal Load Linear Distribution.................................................19 Table 2.4-1. Deflection Modes for Plates with Simply Supported Edges.........................21 Table 2.4-2. Deflection Modes for Plates with Simply Supported Edge and Clamped Opposite Edge. ..................................................................................................................24 Table 2.4-3. Deflection Modes for Plates with Clamped Edges. ......................................25 Table 2.4-4. Approximate expressions for parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , and 5 . ................26 Table 3.1-1. Plate Boundary Conditions and Loading Configurations .............................32 Table 3.2-1. Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Compression..................................35 Table 3.2-2. Plate with Clamped Edges under Uniaxial Compression .............................36 Table 3.2-3. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped and Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression ........38 Table 3.2-4. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Two NonLoaded Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression .................39 Table 3.2-5. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression............................40 Table 3.2-6. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression.............................................41 Table 3.2-7. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression...........................................42 Table 3.2-8. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression ........43 Table 3.2-9. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression ...............44 Table 3.2-10. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression..............................45 Table 3.2-11. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression.....................46 Table 3.2-12. Plate with Loaded Clamped and Simply Supported Edges and Two NonLoaded Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression................................47 Table 3.2-13. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression............................48 Table 3.3-1. Simply Supported Plate under Biaxial Compression....................................49 Table 3.3-2. Simply Supported Plate under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension....51 Table 3.3-3. Plate with Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression................................53 Table 3.3-4. Plate with Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension55 Table 3.3-5. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression ...............................................................................................57
Table 3.3-6. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension................................................................59 Table 3.3-7. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load Tension and Compression...............................................................61 Table 3.4-1. Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Linearly Distributed Load .............63 Table 4-1. Simply Supported Plate with Bending-Twisting Coupling under Uniaxial Compression ......................................................................................................................66
1.
Introduction
This manual is dedicated to buckling analysis of thin laminated plates subjected to either uniaxial compression or biaxial loading. Buckling of plates can cause redistribution of loads in the structure or even its complete failure. 1.1 Buckling Nature
The critical buckling load for a thin flat plate is a function of plate dimensions, boundary conditions and laminate properties. If the magnitude of the applied in-plane loads is low, the median surface of the plate will remain flat and in a state of equilibrium. If such a plate is subjected to a transverse load, it will induce transverse plate deflection. After removal of the transverse load the plate will return to its initial condition. Such a form of equilibrium is called stable. With increase of applied in-plane loads magnitude, the plate equilibrium becomes unstable. Under this condition very small transverse loads or plate imperfections can cause large transverse deflections of the plate. This transition of the plate stable equilibrium to unstable is called buckling. The load under which this phenomenon occurs is called the critical buckling load. A plate can have several buckling modes depending on the plate aspect ratio, each having a different buckling load. However, only the lowest value of the buckling load, called critical buckling load, is a matter of practical interest. 1.2 Assumptions and Restrictions for Laminates
Only buckling of flat thin laminated rectangular plates is considered in this manual. Solutions presented in this document are valid only for symmetric balanced laminates; i.e. laminates with plies on both sides of the plate symmetric about plate midplane having identical properties and orientation. The main assumptions and restrictions for the laminate buckling analysis are [6]: The laminate is presumed to consist of perfectly bonded layers (lamina). Each layer (lamina) of the laminate is quasi-homogeneous and orthotropic. Interlaminar bonds are assumed to be infinitesimally thin and non-deformable by shear. The laminate acts as a single layer of material. The length and width of the laminate is much larger than its thickness. The laminate is loaded in its plane only (i.e. no through-thickness loads). The laminate and its layers are in a plane stress state (except the edge area). All displacements are small in comparison with the thickness of the laminate. Displacements are continuous through the laminate.
In-plane displacements (u and v displacements in the x- and y-directions) vary linearly through the thickness of the laminate: i.e. they are linear functions of the z-coordinate. A line straight and normal to the middle surface of the undeformed laminate remains straight and normal to the middle surface after deformation. This is equivalent to the assumption that the transverse shear strains are equal to zero. Strain displacement and stress strain relations are linear. Normal distances from the middle surface dont change. It is equivalent to the assumption that the transverse normal stress is equal to zero. Analytical Approach
1.3
The energy method is used in this manual for buckling analysis of rectangular composite plates subjected to either distributed uniaxial compression or in-plane biaxial loads. In-plane biaxial loads can be either biaxial compression or compression in one direction and tension in perpendicular direction. The analytical procedure is based on a Ritz approximation of the plate out-of-plane displacements to obtain the plate stiffness matrix eigenvalues. Critical buckling loads are calculated as linear functions of these eigenvalues. This analytical approach can be applied to solve buckling problems for the most combinations of plate boundary conditions and loading and can be analyzed in general case by commercial software. However, for the overwhelming majority of the mentioned combinations, which are of practical interest, the precise values of the critical buckling loads can be directly obtained, or the acceptable engineering estimations can be made without extensive numerical algorithms: For the orthotropic simply supported plate not loaded by shear the analytical expression of critical buckling load contains only one member of Ritz deflection approximation. Elements D16 and D 26 of D-matrix and in-plane behavior of laminate depend on the distance between (+) and (-) layers. If laminate is constructed with adjacent to each other (+) and (-) layers the distance between their mid planes is very small and such laminate is close to orthotropic. So, solutions for orthotropic plates give good approximations of deflections and buckling loads for non-orthotropic plates that have balanced symmetrical lay-ups and minimal distance between (+) and (-) layers. For laminate with ratio of D16 / D11 0.1 more accurate analysis methods must be used. When D16 , D26 0 , special analytical approach [8] is developed for simply supported plate under uniaxial compression to consider bending-twisting coupling effect. Also the case of linearly distributed in-plane loads normal to the plate edge is considered for simply supported orthotropic plate using the energy method.
1.4
Plate Loading
The following types of in-plane loading applied at the plate midplane are considered in this manual: 1.5 Uniaxial load normal to the plate edge and uniformly distributed along the edge. Uniaxial load normal to the plate edge and linearly distributed along the edge. Combination of normal uniaxial loads in two directions (biaxial loading). In this case one of loads can be tensile, but another one must be compressive. Boundary Conditions
The following plate boundary conditions are considered in this manual: Simply Supported. Clamped, or Built-In. Free.
Analysis cases for orthotropic plates are combined into following sections according to the loading: Uniaxial compression. Biaxial loading. Linearly distributed loads. Plates with all four edges simply supported. Plates with all four edges clamped. Mixed boundary conditions.
The first two sections are divided into subsections according the boundary conditions:
The following designation for boundary conditions is used in this manual: S for a simply supported edge, C for a clamped edge, and F for a free edge. For example, SCSF describes a plate with a simply supported first edge, a clamped second edge, a simply supported third edge, and a free fourth edge, i.e. a plate with two opposite simply supported edges, with clamped and free other edges. In this document, the edges are labeled in counter-clockwise direction starting from the coordinate system origin. 1.6 Manual Organization
The manual includes the following main parts: Brief description of the analytical approach to the solution of buckling problems for flat composite plates. Available solutions of buckling problems for flat composite plates presented in tabular form. Step-by-step computational procedure for the definition of critical buckling loads for flat composite plates.
Example problems: o Plate with all four edges simply supported and subjected to in-plane uniaxial uniformly distributed compression. o Plate with two opposite edges simply supported and two edges clamped subjected to in-plane uniaxial compression uniformly distributed along simply supported edges. o Plate with two opposite edges simply supported and two edges clamped subjected to in-plane biaxial uniformly distributed compression.
2.
2.1
Theoretical Basics
Energy Method
The energy method is widely used for plate buckling analysis ([1] [5]). For an illustration of this method the rectangular simply supported plate with dimensions a and b (Figure 2.1-1) and symmetric layout ( [B ] = [0] ) is considered. The plate in-plane loading is shown in Figure 2.1-1. The loads applied to the edges include uniformly distributed compression loads in two directions N x and N y . The internal in-plane distributed forces q x , q y , q xy are proportional to the edge loads:
q x = N x
q y = N y
q xy = N xy
(2.1.1)
Figure 2.1-1. Forces applied to edges of rectangular plate. As the load increases, it reaches the value under which the plate buckles. For a buckled plate the load parameter is denoted cr and is obtained by the energy method. The plate strain energy is
2 2 2
2w0 1 U = [ D11 x 2 200

a b
2w0 + D 22 y 2
2w0 + 4 D 66 xy
2w0 2w0 2w0 2w0 2w0 2w0 + 2 D12 x 2 y 2 + 2 D16 x 2 x y + 2 D 26 y 2 x y

where D11 , D22 , D66 , D12 , D16 , D26 - bending stiffness matrix components.
BUCKLING OF THIN LAMINATED PLATES Rev A CAGE Code 4ATM5 SDM-25350 PROPRIETARY
] dydx
(2.1.2)
Page 13 of 85 ECCN EAR99 Technical
The potential energy of the external in-plane loads is:
w 0 = N x x 2 00
a b
w 0 + N y y
2 w 0 w 0 + 2 N xy x y dydx
(2.1.3) where w the deflection of the plate mid-plane. The deflection of the plate mid-plane is presented in the form of double series
0
w 0 = wmn X m ( x ) Yn ( y )
m =1 n =1
(2.1.4)
where w mn - unknown amplitude,
X m ( x ) and Yn ( y ) - displacement functions in directions parallel to the plate edges
and satisfying the boundary conditions, M , N - number of series terms chosen to obtain the reasonable analysis accuracy. For different boundary conditions functions X m ( x ) and Yn ( y ) usually adopt the shape of a freely vibrating beam. Constants w mn are defined using the principal of stationary potential energy:
(U + ) P = =0 wmn wmn
0
(2.1.5)
Substituting w (2.1.4) into the expressions for U (2.1.2.) and (2.1.3) and differentiating (2.1.5) results in the system of algebraic equations for determination of the eigenvalues :
m =1 n =1
(Gijmn bijmn )wmn = 0

M N l =1
i, m = 1, 2, 3, K, M j , n = 1, 2, 3, K, N
k = 1, 2, 3, K , M N m = 1, 2, 3, K , M n = 1, 2, 3, K , N i = 1, 2, 3, K , M j = 1, 2, 3, K, N
(2.1.6)
or
(Gkl wl k bkl ) wl = 0
k = (m 1) N + n l = (i 1) N + j
(2.1.7)
where
In general case the values of for the buckled plate are the eigenvalues of (2.1.6), and can be calculated by commercial software. 2.2 2.2.1 Boundary Conditions Simply Supported Edges
The following boundary conditions must be satisfied for simply supported edges (Figure 2.2-1) Deflection in direction normal to the plate (z-direction, Figure 2.2-1) must be equal to zero along the simply supported edges:
w0 = 0
Moments about the plate edges must be equal to zero: For
x = 0 and x = a y = 0 and y = b
M x = 0 D11
2 w0 2 w0 =0 + D 12 y 2 x2
For
2 w0 2 w0 M y = 0 D12 + D22 =0 x2 y 2
Figure 2.2-1. Boundary conditions for plates with simply supported edges. 2.2.2 Clamped Edges
The following boundary conditions must be satisfied for clamped edges (Figure 2.2-2): Deflection in direction normal to the plate (z-direction, Figure 2.2-2) must be equal to zero along the clamped edges:
w0 = 0
Angle of rotation of the clamped edge must be equal to zero:
For
x = 0 and x = a y = 0 and y = b
w0 =0 x w0 =0 y
w0=0 w0 y = 0 (a,0)
For
(0,0) w =0 w x = 0 C
0
C z C
w =0 w y = 0
0
x
w0=0 C w0 x = 0
(0,b)
(a,b)
Figure 2.2-2. Boundary conditions for plates with clamped edges. 2.2.3 Free Edges
The following boundary conditions must be satisfied for free edges (Figure 2.2-3): Moment about the plate free edge must be equal to zero: For
x = 0 and x = a y = 0 and y = b
2 w0 2 w0 =0 + D12 M x = 0 D11 y 2 x2 M y = 0 D12 2 w0 2 w0 + D =0 22 x2 y 2
For
Shear force on the plate free edge must be equal to zero: For
x = 0 and x = a
Qxz = 0 D11
For
3 w0 3 w0 ( ) + D + 2 D =0 12 66 x3 x y 2
3 0
y = 0 and y = b
Q yz = 0
(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2w
x y
+ D22
3 w0 =0 y3
(0,0) S or C S or C (0,b) y (0,0) S or C S or C (0,b) y z S or C z S or C (a,b)
(a,0) x
Mx=0 Qxz=0
(a,0) x
F
My=0 Qyz=0 (a,b)
Figure 2.2-3. Boundary conditions for free edges. 2.3 2.3.1 Applied Loads Uniformly Distributed Loads
The following in-plane plate uniformly distributed loading is considered in this manual (Figure 2.3-1): Normal load N x (compression or tension), Normal load N y (compression or tension), Combinations of the above loads (if one of loads is tension another one must be compression).
Under biaxial loading, if one of normal loads N x or N y is tension, the sign before the buckling load formula component containing this tensile load should be changed to minus. 2.3.2 Linearly Distributed Normal Loads
Linearly distributed in-plane load is a combination of uniformly distributed compression (or tension) and in-plane bending (Figure 2.3-2).
a Ny
x b Nx Nx
Ny y
Figure 2.3-1. Plate subjected to uniformly distributed loads N x and N y .
a
Nx
Nx x
y
Load Components
Uniformly Distributed Compression
In-plane Bending
Combined Load
Figure 2.3-2. Plate Subjected to linearly distributed normal load.
The load linearly distributed along the edge can be expressed as [3]:
y N x = N 0 1 k b
Different cases of the linear load distribution are shown in Table 2.3-1. Table 2.3-1. Shapes of Normal Load Linear Distribution. Parameter k Shape of Load Distribution along the Edge b Load Case
(2.3.1)
k =0
N0
Uniformly Distributed Compression
0 < k <1
b N0 y Combination of Uniformly Distributed Compression and In-Plane Bending
k =1
N0
1< k < 2
b N0 y
k =2
b N0 y
In-Plane Bending
k >2
N0
Combination of Uniformly Distributed Tension and In-Plane Bending
2.4 2.4.1
General Approach Simply Supported Plates
For the simply supported plate, the deflection should be zero along the edges:
x = 0 x = a 0 w = 0 at y = 0 y = b
X m ( x ) = sin
or
and and and and

m x a
0 yb 0 yb 0 xa 0 xa
Yn ( y ) = sin n y b
(2.4.1)
The boundary conditions (2.2.1) are satisfied by the following functions of deflection:
X m = sin (m )
= , =
x a y b
Yn = sin (n )
- relative coordinates.
So, the deflection (2.1.4) for the simply supported plate is:
w0 = wmn sin
m=1 n =1
m x n y sin a b
(2.4.2)
or
w = wmn sin (m )sin (n )

0
m=1 n =1
Indexes m and n indicate the modes of displacement, i.e. number of half waves in x- and ydirections (Table 2.4-1). The general form of matrix elements G kl and bkl (2.1.7) is given in [2] and eigenvalues can be determined from the condition for existence of the nontrivial solution of system:
det (G kl k bkl ) = 0
k , l = 1,2,3,..., M N
For orthotropic laminates, the bending twisting components of matrix [D ] are:
D16 = D26 = 0
Table 2.4-1. Deflection Modes for Plates with Simply Supported Edges Harmonic Distribution of Displacement X m Boundary Conditions: Simply Supported Edges SS Mode 1, m = 1 Mode 2, m = 2 Mode 3, m = 3 S
X m = sin
m x a
S
For this type of laminate, the components of the matrix Gkl are:
2 2 4 m 4 1 m n n 4 G kl = ab D11 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 4 a b b a
(2.4.3)
When the plate is subjected only to normal loads N x and N y , i.e. N xy = 0 , the components of the matrix bkl are:
2 m 2 1 n 2 bkl = ab N x + N y 4 b a
0
(2.4.4)
With these limitations only one member of the series (2.4.2) for w is sufficient to obtain the exact solution and the set of eigenvalues can now be calculated directly.
k = mn
m m n n D11 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 a a b b =2 2 2 m n Nx + N y a b

cr qx = cr N x
(2.4.5)
The lowest eigenvalue k , denoted cr , gives the lowest, or critical, buckling load
q cr y = cr N y
(2.4.6)
In the case for which one of the normal loads, N x or N y , is compression and the other is tension, the tensile load should be used in formula (2.4.5) with a minus sign. The solutions for orthotropic plate under the uniformly distributed uniaxial load, biaxial compression load, biaxial with compression in one direction and tension in another are shown in Table 3.2-1, Table 3.3-1, and Table 3.3-2 accordingly (Configuration numbers 1, 14, 15 in Table 3.1-1). 2.4.2 Plates with Mixed Clamped and Simply Supported Edges
In this section, plates with mixed clamped and simply supported edges are considered. Each edge can be either clamped or simply supported. The plate lay-up is symmetric and balanced. The plate is subjected only to in-plane normal loads N x and N y .
q x = N x
q y = N y
4
q xy = 0
4
(2.4.7)
The eigenvalues solution for this type of boundary condition is:
mn
3 4 5 + D22 4 D11 1 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 a b b a = 5 4 + Ny 2 Nx 2 a b

2
2
(2.4.8)
Parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , and 5 in the above expression (2.4.8) are:
1 1 = 4 2 cx 1 4 = 2 cx
where
1
2 X m 2 d 0
2
1 3 = 4 2 cy
1 5 = 2 cy
1
1
2Yn 2 d 0
1
(2.4.9)
X m 0
1
Yn
cx =
2 Xm
cy =
Yn
2 0
(2.4.10)
X m , Yn - displacement functions depending on the type of edge supports.
= , =
x a
y b
- relative coordinates.
For a plate with one simply supported edge and the opposite edge clamped the displacement function in x-direction is:
X m = m cos( m ) m cosh ( m ) + sin ( m ) sinh ( m )

The exact values for
(2.4.11)
m can be obtained from the equation

tan m tanh m = 0
Approximate value: Values
m m +
1 4
m are defined from the condition

Xm = 0
for
=1
and will be
m =
sin m sinh m cosh m cos m
Deflection modes for this type of boundary conditions are shown in Table 2.4-2. A similar solution can be obtained for the displacement function Yn in the y-direction. When both opposite edges of the plate are clamped the displacement function in x-direction is:
X m = m sin ( m ) + m sinh ( m ) cos( m ) + cosh ( m )

Exact values for
(2.4.12)
m can be obtained from the equation:

cos( m ) cosh ( m ) = 1
Approximate value: The values
m m +
1 2
m are defined from the condition:

Xm = 0
for
=1
and will be
m =
cos m cosh m sinh m sin m
Deflection modes for this type of boundary conditions are shown in Table 2.4-3.
Approximate expressions for parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , and 5 are given in Table 2.4-4 and used for obtaining of the critical buckling loads for the plates with all clamped or with a mix of clamped and simply supported edges (Table 3.1-1, configuration numbers 2-4, 6-8, 11, 12, 1620). 2.4.3 Plates with One Free Edge
Like in the previous section the lay-up of the plate is orthotropic and symmetrical. The plate is subjected only to in-plane normal loads N x . The one edge parallel to y is free. Other edges can be simply supported or clamped. If three edges are simply supported (SFSS designation for boundary conditions) the critical buckling load can be obtained using one member approximation of the deflection of the plate by Ritz method. Following L.P. Kollar and G.S. Springer [2], the buckled shape in relative coordinates is:
X m = sin (m )
and
Yn =
(2.4.13)
w 0 = w mn sin (m )
Table 2.4-2. Deflection Modes for Plates with Simply Supported Edge and Clamped Opposite Edge. Harmonic Distribution of Displacement X m Boundary Conditions: One Edge is Simply Supported and the Opposite Edge is Clamped - CS Mode 1, m = 1 Mode 2, m = 2 Mode 3, m = 3
X m = m cos( m ) m cosh( m ) + sin ( m ) sinh ( m )

S
Table 2.4-3. Deflection Modes for Plates with Clamped Edges. Harmonic Distribution of Displacement X m Boundary Conditions: Clamped Edges CC Mode 1, m = 1 Mode 2, m = 2 Mode 3, m = 3
X m = m sin ( m ) + m sinh ( m ) cos( m ) + cosh ( m )

C
Substituting (2.4.13) into (2.1.5) results in the approximate closed-form expression for critical buckling load:
cr Nx
2
a2
D11 +
12 D66 b2
(2.4.14)
The solutions, which satisfy boundary conditions on the edges SFSS, SFCS, SFSC, CFCS according to [2], are given in Table 3.2-5, Table 3.2-9, Table 3.2-10, Table 3.2-13. In Table 3.1-1 configuration numbers of the solutions examined in this Section are 5, 9, 10, 13 accordingly.
Table 2.4-4. Approximate expressions for parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , and 5 . Parameters Edge Supports
S S
1
m
m 2 2
1,2,3,
y x
y x
1 m + 4
4.730
1 ( 1 1) 1 ( 1 2 ) 1 ( 1 2 )
5
1,2,3,
1 2,3,4,
y Parameters Edge Supports

S S
1 m + 2
3
n
n 2 2
1,2,3,
y
S C
y
C C
1 n + 4
4.730
3 ( 3 1) 3 ( 3 2 ) 3 ( 3 2 )
1,2,3,
1 2,3,4,
1 n + 2
2.4.4
Simply Supported Plates with Bending-Twisting Coupling
Non-orthotropic plate with bending-twisting coupling ( D16 , D26 0 ) is considered in this section. The plate is subjected only to in-plane normal loads N x . The solution by single member approximation series by Ritz cant be obtained, but some estimation of coupling effect can be made [8]. Let the deflection (2.1.4) for this plate is defined by function:
w 0 = wmn cos
or where Then
m (x ky ) sin , b a
b
m = 1,2,3, ... n = 1
(2.4.15)
w 0 = wmn cos
[sin ( m x ) cos ( m ky ) sin ( m ky ) cos ( m ky )]
m =
m a
and value k is much smaller than 1, i.e. k << 1,
cos( m ky ) 1, sin ( m ky ) m ky
and (2.4.15) can be approximated by equation:
w 0 = wmn cos
y
b
sin ( m x ) m ky cos
y
b
cos ( m ky )
(2.4.16)
For the simply supported plate, the deflection should be equal to zero along the edges, but these boundary conditions are accurately satisfied by the function (2.4.16) only on edges y = 0, b and points y =
b , x = 0, a . 2
After substituting (2.4.16) into (2.1.5) the system of two linear equations for two unknowns wmn and k will be obtained. The condition of nontrivial solution of this system
det
gives the buckling load N x
mn = Nx
mn
2(L0 N x ) 4 L01
1 (L1 k m N x ) = 0 6
4 L01
as function of indexes m, n : (2.4.17)
L01 L 1 L 1 L0 1 L0 + 1 1 + 192k m km 2 km 2 L k L 1 0 m
where
km =
b2 2 m
2 6 2 4 2 + 4 2 D22 + 2 2 ( D12 + 2 D66 ) b m b 2

b2 D26 ,
L0 =
2 m D11
L01 = 2 m D16 + 3 L1 =
2 m k m D11
2
b
2
2 + 66 D22 + 22 m + 6 ( D12 + 2 D66 )
The critical buckling load
cr mn Nx = min N x
m = 1, 2, 3, K ,
n =1
The above approach takes into account the influence of bending-twisting coupling on buckling load of simply supported plate under uniaxial compression with certain degree of accuracy. More accurate estimations can be obtained using multiple members of w approximation or other numerical methods. This solution is given also in Table 3.4-1. Note, if D16 = D26 = 0 then (2.4.17) gives classical solution for orthotropic plate. 2.4.5 Simply Supported Plate Subjected to Linearly Distributed Normal Load
0
The plate lay-up is orthotropic, symmetric and balanced. The plate is subjected only to in-plane normal loads (Figure 2.3-2), defined by expression (2.3.1)
y N x = N 0 1 k b
where
k 0
The plate linearly distributed normal loading is shown in Table 2.3-1 for different values k. The energy method is used for definition of the plate buckling load. According to Lekhnitskiis approximation ([4]) the functions X m , Yn of deflection w in (2.1.4) are defined as:
0
x X m = sin m a
2y y Yn = w1 sin n + w2 sin n b b
so
w 0 = sin
0
m x y 2 y w1 sin n + w2 sin n a b b
(2.4.18)
Substituting w (2.4.18) and N x (2.3.1) into the expressions for U (2.1.2) and (2.1.3) and minimizing the total potential energy (2.1.5) with respect to w1 , w2 the equation to determine the critical value N x 0 ([3],[4]) was obtained:
m Nx 0
cr
2
b
2
D 22
(2 k )
16 k 4 9 2
2
(2 k )(a1 + a 2 )
where
(2 k ) (a1 a 2 )
a2 =
16 k + 16a1 a 2 9 2
+ 8c 2 + 16r 2
(2.4.19)
a1 =
c1 + 2c 2 + r 2 2 r
2
c1 r
2
1 a r= mb
c1 = D11 D22
m = 1, 2, 3, K
c2 = D12 + 2 D66 D22
(2.4.20)
The critical buckling load
cr m Nx 0 = min N x 0
( )
m = 1, 2, 3, K
This solution is given in Table 3.4-1 and has the configuration number 21 in Table 3.1-1.
3.
Buckling Solutions for Orthotropic Plates
3.1 Assumptions and definitions All buckling solutions presented in this section are given for rectangular plates (Figure 2.1-1) with dimensions a and b in directions x and y respectively. The following boundary conditions are considered (see Section 2.2): simply supported, clamped or free edges in different combinations. The main assumptions are: Plate dimensions: a b The laminate is balanced, i.e. the following components of [ ABD ] matrix are equal to zero: A16 = A26 = D16 = D26 = 0 The laminate is symmetric, i.e. matrix [B ] is a zero matrix and there is no coupling between in-plane loads and out-of-plane deformations: [B ] = [0]
The plate is loaded in-plane by uniformly or linearly distributed compression (in some cases tension) forces N x and N y . Some practical combinations of boundary conditions and loading, for which the solutions are presented in this section, are given in Table 3.1-1. The following notation for boundary conditions is used here: S Simply Supported Edge, C Clamped Edge, F Free Edge.
The plate boundary conditions are described by a combination of the above symbols reflecting the boundary conditions on the plate four edges, starting from the edge x = 0 and continuing counterclockwise around the plate. For example, SFSC denotes a plate with a Simply Supported Edge at x = 0 , Free Edge at y = b , Simply Supported Edge at x = 0 , and Clamped Edge at y = 0 . Formulas for buckling loads N x , N y in tables of Section 3 contain indexes m and n , which are the numbers of half waves along edges a and b. The critical buckling load depends on the plate aspect ratio s = a b . The minimum number of half waves n is supposed to occur along the short edge b, i.e. n = 1 . The number of half waves along edge a can be evaluated [7] as:
m(m 1) <
a2 b2
D22 < m(m + 1) D11
where D11 , D22 are elements of stiffness matrix [D ]. For example:
s=2
s=2
D22 / D11 = 1
Inequality (3.1.1) is valid only for m = 2
2(2 1) < 4 < 2(2 + 1) 1(1 1) < 0.71 < 1(1 + 1)
D22 / D11 = 0.5
Inequality (3.1.1) is valid only for m = 1
More simple evaluation gives empiric expression as function s only
m = int (s n + 0.5)
For example:
s = 1 .2 n = 1
s = 1 .8 n = 1
m = int (1.2 1 + 0.5) = 1

m = int (1.8 1 + 0.5) = 2
s = 4 .7
n =1
m = int (4.7 1 + 0.5) = 5
But since the number of half waves depends on the matrix D, in some cases the critical value of buckling load must be calculated for larger value of indexes. For instance, in the second example instead of n = 1 and m = 1, 2 could be required n = 1, 2, 3, K and m = 1, 2, 3, K Because it was assumed that a b , it is logically to assume that m n .
Table 3.1-1. Plate Boundary Conditions and Loading Configurations Config. No. Solution Location
In-Plane Loading
Boundary Conditions
Compression N x
SSSS
S S C
Table 3.2-1
Compression N x
CCCC
C C C
Table 3.2-2
Compression N x
SSSC
S S S
Table 3.2-3
Compression N x
SSCS
S S S
Table 3.2-4
Compression N x
SFSS
S F C
Table 3.2-5
Compression N x
SCSC
S C S
Table 3.2-6
Compression N x
CSCS
C S C
Table 3.2-7
Compression N x
SSCC
S S
Table 3.2-8
Table 3.1-1 (continued) Config. No. In-Plane Loading Boundary Conditions Solution Location
Compression N x
SFCS
Table 3.2-9
a
C
10
Compression N x
SFSC
S F C
Table 3.2-10
11
Compression N x
CSCC
C S C
Table 3.2-11
12
Compression N x
CCSC
C C S
Table 3.2-12
13
Compression N x
CFCS
C F
Table 3.2-13
14
Compression N x Compression N y SSSS

S S S S
Table 3.3-1
15
Compression N x Tension N y Compression N x Compression N y CCCC

C
Table 3.3-2
16
Table 3.3-3
C C C
17
Compression N x Tension N y
Table 3.3-4
Table 3.1-1 (continued) Config. No. In-Plane Loading Boundary Conditions Solution Location
18
Compression N x Compression N y Compression N x Tension N y Tension N x Compression N y Linearly Distributed

S C
Table 3.3-5
19
SCSC
S C
Table 3.3-6
20
Table 3.3-7
21
SSSS
S S
Table 3.4-1
Nx
3.2 Uniaxial Compression 3.2.1 Analytical Solution for Simply Supported Plate Table 3.2-1. Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression Load N x
x = 0, a : w = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0
mn Nx =
Mx =0 My =0
Solution
2 4 2 m 2 n a n = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 b m b a 2
m, n = 1,2,3,...
Critical Load Reference
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[1], p. 304 [2], p. 123
3.2.2. Analytical Solution for Plate with Clamped Edges Table 3.2-2. Plate with Clamped Edges under Uniaxial Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Load N x
' x = 0, a : w = 0 wx =0
y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0 m =1 4.730 1 1 = 4 = 1 ( 1 2 ) m + m = 2, 3, 4, K 2
Parameters
4.730 1 3 = n + 2
mn Nx
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
Table 3.2-2 (continued) Critical Load Reference

cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
3.2.3. Analytical Solutions for Plates with Mixed Simply Supported, Clamped and Free Edges Table 3.2-3. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped and Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Load N x
x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0
Boundary Conditions
y = 0: y =b:
w = 0 w 'y = 0 w=0 My =0
1 = m
Parameters
4 = (m )2
1 4
3 = n +
5 = 3 ( 3 1)
m, n = 1,2,3,...
Solution
mn Nx
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121, 123
Table 3.2-4. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Two Non-Loaded Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
x = 0:
w=0 Mx =0
' x = a: w = 0 wx =0 y = 0, b : w = 0 M y = 0
Parameters
1 4 3 = n
N xmn =
1 = m +
4 = 1 ( 1 1) 5 = (n )2
m, n = 1,2,3,...
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 D + 2 ( D + 2 D ) + D 11 12 66 22 4 a2 b2 b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-5. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading
Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Load N x
Boundary Conditions
x = 0, a : y = 0: y =b:
cr Nx
w=0 w=0
Mx =0 My =0
M y = 0 Q yz = 0
2
a
2
D11 +
12 D66 b2
[2], p. 125
Table 3.2-6. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
1 = m
Parameters
4 = (m )2
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
m = 1,2,3,...
4.730 1 3 = n + 2
mn Nx
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-7. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
' x = 0, a : w = 0 wx =0 y = 0, b : w = 0 M y = 0
Parameters
m =1 4.730 1 1 = m + m = 2, 3, 4, K 2 5 = (n )2 3 = n
mn Nx
4 = 1 ( 1 2 )
n = 1,2,3,...
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-8. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
x = 0: w = 0 Mx = 0
Boundary Conditions
x = a: w=0
' wx =0
y = 0 : w = 0 w 'y = 0 y =b: w = 0 My = 0
Parameters
1 4 1 3 = n + 4
mn Nx
1 = m +
4 = 1 ( 1 1) 5 = 3 ( 3 1)
m, n = 1,2,3,...
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-9. Plate with Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
x = 0:
Boundary Conditions
w=0
Mx =0
x = a: y = 0: y =b:
' w = 0 wx =0 w=0 My =0
M y = 0 Q yz = 0
cr Nx =
(0.7a )
2
D11 +
12 D66 b2
[2], p. 125
Table 3.2-10. Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0
Boundary Conditions
y = 0: y =b:
m Nx
w=0
w'y = 0
M y = 0 Q yz = 0
Solution
5 a2 12 = 2 m D11 + D22 + 2 D66 2 4 4m b a b

2
m = 1,2,3,...
cr m Nx = min N x
( )
m = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 125
Table 3.2-11. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
x = 0, a : w = 0
Boundary Conditions
' wx =0
y = 0: y =b:
w=0
w'y = 0
w=0 My =0
Parameters
m =1 4.730 1 1 = m + m = 2, 3, 4, K 2 1 3 = n + 5 = 3 ( 3 1) 4
mn Nx
4 = 1 ( 1 2 )
n = 1,2,3,...
Solution
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-12. Plate with Loaded Clamped and Simply Supported Edges and Two Non-Loaded Clamped Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
Boundary Conditions
x = 0: x = a:
' w = 0 wx =0 w=0 Mx =0
y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
1 4 4.730 1 3 = n + 2
1 = m +
4 = 1 ( 1 1)
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
m = 1,2,3,...
Parameters
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
Solution
mn Nx
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 = D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 + D22 4 a b b a
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.2-13. Plate with Two Loaded Clamped Edges and Non-Loaded Simply Supported and Free Edges under Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
C
Nx
Nx b
' x = 0, a : w = 0 wx =0 y = 0: w=0 My =0 y = b : M y = 0 Q yz = 0
Boundary Conditions
cr Nx
4 2 12 = 2 D11 + 2 D66 a b
[2], p. 125
3.3 Biaxial Loading 3.3.1 Analytical Solutions for Simply Supported Plate Table 3.3-1. Simply Supported Plate under Biaxial Compression Ny x
S S
Nx
Nx b
Ny a y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Compression Loads N x , N y
x = 0, a : w = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0
Mx = 0 My =0
4 2 2 4
Solution
mn Nx
m m n n D11 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 a a b b =2 2 N y n 2 m + Nx b a
Table 3.3-1 (continued) or
Solution
mn Ny
m m n n D11 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 a a b b =2 2 2 Nx m n + Ny a b
m, n = 1,2,3,...
cr mn Nx = min N x
Critical Load
or
cr mn Ny = min N y
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
Reference
[2], p. 115
Table 3.3-2. Simply Supported Plate under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension Ny
S
x
S
Nx
S S
Nx b
Ny a y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Condition of Solution Existence Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Loads: N x - Compression, N y - Tension
x = 0, a : w = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 m a > n b Ny Nx
Mx = 0 My =0
m, n = 1, 2, 3,
4 2 2 4
Solution
mn Nx
n m m n D11 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 a a b b =2 2 N y n 2 m Nx b a m, n = 1,2,3,...
Table 3.3-2 (continued) Critical Load Reference

cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 115
3.3.2
Analytical Solutions for Plate with Clamped Edges Table 3.3-3. Plate with Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression Ny x
C C
Nx
Nx b
Ny a y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Compression Loads N x , N y
' x = 0, a : w = 0 w x =0
y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
m =1 4.730 1 1 = m + m = 2, 3, 4, K 2 4.730 1 3 = n + 2 n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
4 = 1 ( 1 2 )
Parameters
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
Table 3.3-3 (continued)
mn Nx
4 5 3 + D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D 22 a b a b2 = 4 Ny 5 + a2 N x b2
Solution
or
mn Ny
4 5 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D + 22 a a b2 b = Nx 4 5 + N y a2 b2
cr mn Nx = min N x
Critical Load
or
cr mn Ny = min N y
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
Reference
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.3-4. Plate with Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension Ny
C
x
C
Nx
C C
Nx b
Ny a y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Loads: N x - Compression, N y - Tension
' x = 0, a : w = 0 w x =0
y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
m =1 4.730 1 4 = 1 ( 1 2 ) 1 = m + m = 2, 3, 4, K 2 n =1 4.730 1 5 = 3 ( 3 2 ) 3 = n + n = 2, 3, 4, K 2
Parameters
Condition of Solution Existence
4 Ny a > 5 Nx b
Solution
mn Nx
4 5 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D + 22 a a b2 b = 4 Ny 5 a2 N x b2
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
3.3.3
Analytical Solutions for Plates with Mixed Simply Supported and Clamped Edges
Table 3.3-5. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression
Ny x
S C
Nx
Nx b
Ny a y
Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions
Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Compression Loads N x , N y
x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
1 = m
Parameters
4 = (m )2
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
m = 1, 2, 3, K
4.730 1 3 = n + 2
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
N xmn
Solution or
4 5 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D + 22 a a b2 b = 4 Ny 5 + a2 N x b2 4 5 3 + D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D 22 a a b2 b = Nx 4 5 + N y a2 b2

4
mn Ny
Critical Load
cr Nx = min N cmn or cr mn Ny = min N y
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
Reference
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.3-6. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load - Compression and Tension
Ny x
S C
Nx
Nx b
Ny a y
Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Loads: N x - Compression, N y - Tension

x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
1 = m
Parameters
4 = (m )2
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
m = 1, 2, 3, K
4.730 1 3 = n + 2
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
4 Ny a > 5 Nx b
Solution
mn Nx
4 5 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D + 22 a a b2 b = 4 Ny 5 a2 N x b2
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
Table 3.3-7. Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Load Tension and Compression
Ny x
S C
Nx
Nx b
Ny a y
Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Uniformly Distributed Loads: N x - Tension, N y - Compression

x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 w 'y = 0
1 = m
Parameters
4 = (m )2
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
m = 1, 2, 3, K
4.730 1 3 = n + 2
5 Nx > 4 Ny
a b
2
5 = 3 ( 3 2 )
Solution
mn Ny
4 5 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 D + 22 a a b2 b = 5 Nx 4 b2 N y a2
cr mn Ny = min N y
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
[2], p. 119-121
3.4
Linearly Distributed Normal Loading Table 3.4-1. Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Linearly Distributed Load
N0
S
N0
x
S
Nx
Nx b
y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Rectangular Symmetric, Balanced Linearly Distributed Load
y N x = N 0 1 b
0 2
(see Section 2.4.5)
Boundary Conditions
x = 0, a : w = 0 M x = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 M y = 0 1 a r= mb D c1 = 11 D22 c a1 = 1 + 2c 2 + r 2 2 r
2
m = 1, 2, 3, K c2 = D12 + 2 D66 D22 c a2 = 1 + 8c 2 + 16r 2 2 r
Parameters
m Nx 0 =
2
b
2
D 22
1 16 (2 k )2 4 k 9 2
2
2
Solution
(2 k )(a1 + a 2 )
(2 k ) (a1 a 2 )
m = 1, 2, 3, K
16 k + 16a1 a 2 9 2
( )
[3], p. 43 [4], p. 462
4.
Buckling Analysis of Plates with Bending-Twisting Coupling
The solution presented in this section is given for rectangular plate (Figure 2.1-1) with dimensions a and b in directions x and y respectively. Plate with all edges simply supported is considered (see Section 2.2). The main assumptions are: Plate dimensions: a b The laminate is non orthotropic, i.e. the following components of [D ] matrix arent equal to zero: D16 , D26 0
The laminate is symmetric, i.e. matrix [B ] is a zero matrix and there is no coupling between in-plane loads and out-of-plane deformations: [B ] = [0]
The plate is loaded by in-plane uniformly distributed compression force N x . In addition to the orthotropic plate boundary conditions and loading configurations this load case will be denoted as configuration number 22. The solution is given in Table 4-1.
Table 3.4-1. Simply Supported Plate with Bending-Twisting Coupling under Uniaxial Compression
x
S
Nx
Nx b
y Plate Shape Laminate Type Loading Boundary Conditions Rectangular Symmetric, Not Orthotropic Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression Load N x
x = 0, a : w = 0 y = 0, b : w = 0 m m = a
2 m D11
Mx =0 My =0
km =
b2 2 m
Parameters
4 L0 = + 4 2 D22 + 2 2 ( D12 + 2 D66 ) b m b 2 2 ( + 66)D22 + L1 = 2 k D + m m 11 b2

2 + 22 m + 6 ( D12 + 2 D66 )
2 6 2 2
L01 = 2 m D16 + 3
2
b2
D26
m = 1, 2, 3, K
Table 4.1 (continued)
L1 1 m Nx L = + 0 2 k m
Solution
L01 L1 1 L + k 1 192 0 m L k L k 2 m 1 0 m
cr m Nx = min N x
( )
m = 1, 2, 3, K
[8]
5.
Computational Procedure
Initial Data
1. Plate properties: a. Plate dimensions Plate aspect ratio b. Laminate stacking sequence: - Number of plies - Orientation of plies in reference to the laminate coordinate system - Material IDs for plies c. Material properties for every material type in reference to the principal material axes - Lamina elastic modulus in directions 1 and 2 - Lamina shear modulus - Poissons ratio
a, b s=a b n k
k = 1, ... , n
k = 1, ... , n
E1 , E 2 G12
12 21 = 12
E2 E1 t ply
Nx Nx Nx, Ny
- Thicknesses of plies 2. Plate in-plane loading a. Uniformly distributed compression load b. Linearly distributed normal load c. Biaxial uniformly distributed normal loads 3. Plate boundary condition code
A1A2A3A4
Each of the code symbols Ai can be (see Section 3.1): S Simply supported edge, C Clamped edge, F Free edge. The code symbols start from the edge x = 0 and continues counterclockwise around the plate.
Solution
<<<<< Step 1 >>>>> Calculation of the components of the reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the principal material axes (see Section 2.5 of Reference [6]) for each material
Q11 [Q] = Q12 0

The matrix components
Q12 Q2 2 0
0 0 Q66
Q11 =
Q12 =
1 12 21
E1
Q22 =
1 12 21
E2
12 E2 21 E1 = 1 12 21 1 12 21
Q66 = G12
If the same material is used for all plies this matrix will be calculated just once. <<<<< Step 2 >>>>> Calculation of the components of the transformed reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the laminate coordinate system (see Section 2.7 of Reference [6]) for each ply
Q11 [Q ] = Q12 Q16
Q12 Q2 2 Q26
Q16 Q26 Q66
For an arbitrary angle of the ply orientation
Q11 = m 4Q11 + n 4Q2 2 + 2m 2 n 2Q12 + 4m 2 n 2Q66 Q22 = n 4Q11 + m 4Q22 + 2m 2 n 2Q12 + 4m 2 n 2Q66 Q12 = m 2 n 2Q11 + m 2 n 2Q2 2 + m 4 + n 4 Q12 4m 2 n 2Q66 Q16 = m3n Q11 m n3Q22 m n m 2 n 2 Q12 2m n m 2 n 2 Q66 Q26 = m n3 Q11 m3n Q22 + m n m 2 n 2 Q12 + 2m n m 2 n 2 Q66
Q66 = m 2 n 2 Q11 + m 2 n 2 Q22 2 m 2 n 2 Q12 + m 2 n 2

where
Q66
m = cos
n = sin
= 0o
m =1
(no transformation)
n=0
Q11 = Q11 Q16 = 0
Q22 = Q22 Q26 = 0
Q12 = Q12 Q66 = Q66
= 90o m=0
Q11 = Q2 2 Q16 = 0
n =1
Q2 2 = Q11 Q26 = 0
Q12 = Q12 Q66 = Q66
= 45o
m=n= 2 2 1 (Q11 + Q22 + 2 Q12 + 4 Q66 ) 4
Q11 = Q22 = Q12 =
1 (Q11 + Q22 + 2 Q12 4 Q66 ) 4 1 (Q11 Q22 ) 4
Q16 = Q26 = Q66 =
1 ( Q11 + Q22 2 Q12 ) 4
= 45 o
m= 2 2 n= 2 2
Q11 = Q2 2 =
Q12 =
1 (Q11 + Q22 + 2 Q12 4 Q66 ) 4
1 (Q11 + Q22 + 2 Q12 + 4 Q66 ) 4
Q16 = Q26 =
Q66 =
1 ( Q11 + Q22 ) 4
1 ( Q11 + Q22 2 Q12 ) 4
<<<<< Step 3 >>>>> Calculation of the [D ] matrix (see Section 3.5 of Reference [6])
D11 [D] = D12 D16
D12 D2 2 D 26
Q11 D16 n 1 D 26 = Q12 3 k =1 Q16 D66
Q12 Q22 Q 26
Q16 3 3 Q26 z k zk 1 Q66 k
Matrix [D] components
1 n 3 3 Di j = Qi kj z k zk 1 3 k =1
<<<<< Step 4 >>>>>
[ (
)]
Evaluation of the number of half waves m and n along edges a and b using the guidelines given in Section 3.1. <<<<< Step 5 >>>>> Selection of the plate configuration from Table 3.1-1 using the plate boundary condition code and the type of plate loading. From Table 3.1-1, using the link related to the chosen plate configuration go to the corresponding solution table (Tables 3.2-1 3.4.1) of Sections 3 and 4). <<<<< Step 6 >>>>> Calculation of buckling loads for different buckling modes for the selected configuration of the plate:
For plates subjected only to uniaxial uniformly distributed compression N x , only calculation of buckling loads N x (Configuration 10) is required.
mn
(Configurations 1-4, 6-8, 11-12) or
m Nx
For plates with one edge free and the opposite edge simply supported and subjected to uniaxial uniformly distributed compression N x (Configurations 5, 9, 13), the first buckling mode is critical. Therefore, the critical buckling load N x only is calculated for this mode.
cr
For plates subjected to biaxial uniformly distributed compression loads N x and N y , analysis of either set of buckling loads N x be performed.
mn
or N y
mn
(Configurations 14, 16, 18) can
For plates subjected to a combination of uniformly distributed compression N x and uniformly distributed tension N y , calculation of buckling loads (Configurations 15, 17, 19) is required.
mn only Nx
For plates subjected to a combination of uniformly distributed compression N y and uniformly distributed tension (Configuration 20) is required.
mn only N x , calculation of buckling loads N y
For plates subjected to a linearly distributed normal load N x , calculation of buckling loads N x 0 only (Configuration 21) is required.
m
If the plate has at least one clamped edge and the other edges are simply supported (Configurations 2-4, 6-8, 11-12, 16-20), the parameters 1 , 3 , 4 and 5 calculations are required for the buckling loads analysis. For the simply supported plates with bending-twisting coupling subjected only to uniaxial uniformly distributed compression N x , the first buckling mode is critical. The buckling load N x is calculated for this mode (Configuration 22, Section 4). The parameters L0 , L1 and L01 calculations are required for the buckling loads analysis (Table 4-1).
m
<<<<< Step 7 >>>>> Calculation of critical buckling loads for corresponding load components:
cr mn Nx = min N x
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K (Configurations 1-4, 6-8, 11-12, 15,17,19)

BUCKLING OF THIN LAMINATED PLATES
Rev A CAGE Code 4ATM5
SDM-25350 PROPRIETARY
Page 72 of 85 ECCN EAR99 Technical
cr m Nx = min N x
cr Ny
cr Nx
( ) = min (N ) = min (N )
mn y
mn x
m = 1, 2, 3, K
(Configuration 10, 22)
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K (Configuration 20)
or
cr mn Ny = min N y
m, n = 1, 2, 3, K
( )
(Configurations 14, 16, 18)
m = 1, 2, 3, K
(Configuration 21)
Critical buckling loads for plates with a free edge and opposite simply supported edge (Configurations 5, 9, 13) were calculated at step 6 of the analysis. <<<<< Step 8 >>>>> Calculation of Margin of Safety: For plates loaded by o Uniaxial uniformly distributed compression N x (Configurations 1-13, 22) o Combination of uniformly distributed compression N x and uniformly distributed tension N y (Configurations 15, 17, 19)
cr Nx 1 Nx
M .S . =
For plates loaded by combination of uniformly distributed compression N y and uniformly distributed tension N x (Configuration 20)
cr Ny
M .S . =
Ny
For plates subjected to biaxial uniformly distributed compression loads N x and N y (Configurations 14, 16, 18)
cr cr Ny Nx 1= 1 M .S . = Nx Ny
For plates subjected to a linearly distributed normal load N x (Configuration 21)

cr Nx M .S . = 0 1 N x0
6.
Example Problems
The example problems are analyzed using the procedure described in Section 5.
6.1
Example 1 Analysis of Simply Supported Plate under Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression
S
x
S
Nx
S S
Nx 5
10
Initial Data
1. Plate Properties:
a.
Plate dimensions Plate aspect ratio

s= a 10 = =2 b 5
a = 10 in b = 5 in
b.
Laminate Stacking Sequence: - Number of plies - Orientation of plies referred to the laminate coordinate system - Material IDs for plies Material properties for every material type referred to principal material axes: Material properties
E1 E2 G 12 12 21 t ply
5 [0,45,90,-45,0] [1,2,2,2,1]
c.
Units psi psi psi
Material ID 1 8,100,000 8,100,000 700,000 0.060 0.060 0.0085 2 20,600,000 1,130,000 580,000 0.340 0.01865 0.0074
N x = 40.00 lb / in
in
2. Plate Loading:
Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression
3. Plate Boundary Condition Code:
SSSS
Solution
<<<<< Step 1 >>>>> Calculation of the components of the reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the material principal axes: Material 1
(1) 1) Q1(1 = Q2 2 =
8100000 = 8129265 psi 1 0.06 2
) Q1(1 2 =
0.06 8100000 = 487756 psi 1 0.06 2
(1) Q6 6 = 700000 psi
[Q ]
(1)
0 8129265 487756 = 487756 8129265 0 0 0 700000
Material 2
Q1(12 ) =
2) Q1(2 =
20600000 = 20731462 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
(2 ) Q2 2 =
1130000 = 1137211 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
0.34 1130000 = 386652 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
(2 ) Q6 6 = 580000 psi
[Q ( ) ] =
2
0 20731462 386652 386652 1137211 0 0 0 580000
<<<<< Step 2 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of transformed reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the laminate coordinate system:
Ply 1
= 0o
Material 1
(no transformation)
[Q ]
(1)
0 8129265 487756 = 487756 8129265 0 0 0 700000 Material 2
Ply 2
(2 ) 2) Q11 = Q2(2 =
= 45o
20731462 + 1137211 + 2 386652 + 4 580000 = 6240494 psi 4
Q1(22 ) =
20731462 + 1137211 + 2 386652 4 580000 = 5080494 psi 4 20731462 1137211 = 4898563 psi 4
2) Q1(62 ) = Q2(6 =
2) Q6(6 =
20731462 + 1137211 2 386652 = 5273842 psi 4
Solution
<<<<< Step 1 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of the reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the material principal axes:
Material 1
(1) 1) Q1(1 = Q2 2 =
8100000 = 8129265 psi 1 0.06 2
) Q1(1 2 =
0.06 8100000 = 487756 psi 1 0.06 2
(1) Q6 6 = 700000 psi
[Q ]
(1)
0 8129265 487756 = 487756 8129265 0 0 0 700000
Material 2
Q1(12 ) =
2) Q1(2 =
20600000 = 20731462 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
(2 ) Q2 2 =
1130000 = 1137211 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
0.34 1130000 = 386652 psi 1 0.34 0.01865
(2 ) Q6 6 = 580000 psi
[Q ( ) ] =
2
0 20731462 386652 386652 1137211 0 0 0 580000
<<<<< Step 2 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of transformed reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the laminate coordinate system:
Ply 1
= 0o
Material 1
(no transformation)
[Q ]
(1)
0 8129265 487756 = 487756 8129265 0 0 0 700000 Material 2
Ply 2
(2 ) 2) Q11 = Q2(2 =
= 45o
20731462 + 1137211 + 2 386652 + 4 580000 = 6240494 psi 4
Q1(22 ) =
20731462 + 1137211 + 2 386652 4 580000 = 5080494 psi 4 20731462 1137211 = 4898563 psi 4
2) Q1(62 ) = Q2(6 =
2) Q6(6 =
20731462 + 1137211 2 386652 = 5273842 psi 4
Coordinate Functions Ply 1 2 3 4 5 Calculation of [D] matrix

6240494 5080494 4898563 0 8129265 487756 2 1 [D] = 487756 8129265 0 6.162 E 6 + 5080494 6240494 4898563 3 3 0 0 700000 4898563 4898563 5273842
5080494 4898563 0 6240494 1137211 386652 1 + 5080494 6240494 4898563 1.317 E 6 + 386652 20731462 0 1.013E 7 3 0 580000 4898563 4898563 5273842 0
3 3 3 qk = z k zk 1 , in
( 0.0111)3 ( 0.0196)3 = 6.162E 6 ( 0.0037)3 ( 0.0111)3 = 1.317E 6 (0.0037)3 ( 0.0037)3 = 1.013E 7 (0.0111)3 (0.0037)3 = 1.317E 6 (0.0196)3 (0.0111)3 = 6.162E 6
0 38.91 6.48 = 6 . 48 39 . 57 0 0 7.53 0

<<<<< Step 4 >>>>>
(lb in 3 )
Evaluation of number of half waves n m Selected: 1 2
m = int (s n + 0.5)
2 4 Max m = 4 Max n = 2
3 6
<<<<< Step 5 >>>>>
Selection of the plate configuration from Table 3.1-1. Loading: Boundary Condition Code: Plate Configuration:
<<<<< Step 6 >>>>>
Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression SSSS 1
Calculation of buckling loads for possible buckling modes:

2 4 2 m 2 n a n mn Nx = 2 D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) + D22 b m b a 2 2 4 2 1 10 1 1 38.91 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 83.33 lb / in 5 1 5 10 2 2 2 4 2 2 10 2 1 38.91 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 1071.71 lb / in 5 1 5 10 2
2 38.91

2 2 4 2 1 10 1 2 2 ( 6 . 48 2 7 . 53 ) 39 . 57 + + + = 47.98 lb / in 5 2 5 10
2 38.91

2 2 4 2 2 10 2 2 2 ( 6 . 48 2 7 . 53 ) 39 . 57 + + + = 333.32 lb / in 5 2 5 10 2 2 4 2 1 10 1 3 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 58.51 lb / in 5 3 5 10
2 38.91

2 38.91

2 2 4 2 2 10 2 3 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 213.65 lb / in 5 3 5 10 2 2 4 2 1 10 1 4 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 82.35 lb / in 5 4 5 10
2 38.91

2 38.91
2 2 4 2 2 10 2 4 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) + 39.57 = 191.93 lb / in 5 4 5 10
<<<<< Step 7 >>>>>
Selection of critical buckling load, i.e. minimum buckling load calculated at previous step:
cr Nx = 47.98 lb / in
<<<<< Step 8 >>>>>
Margin of safety calculation
M .S . =
cr Nx 47.98 1 = 1 = 0.20 40.00 Nx
6.2
Example 2 Analysis of Plate with Two Loaded Simply Supported Edges and Non-Loaded Clamped Edges under Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression
x
S
Nx
S C
Nx 5
10
y
Initial Data
1. 2. 3. Plate Properties: plate dimensions, laminate stacking sequence, material properties (see Section 6.1 Example 1). Plate Loading: Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression
N x = 80.00 lb / in
Plate Boundary Condition Code:
SCSC
Solution
<<<<< Step 1 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of the reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the material principal axes (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 2 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of transformed reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the laminate coordinate system (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 3 >>>>>
Calculation of the layers coordinates, coordinate functions, and matrix [D] components (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 4 >>>>>
Evaluation of the number of half waves (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 5 >>>>>
Selection of the plate configuration from Table 3.1-1.
Loading: Boundary Condition Code: Plate Configuration:

<<<<< Step 6 >>>>>
Uniaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression SCSC 6
Calculation of parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 :
1 = m
1 3 = n + 2
4.730
n =1 n = 2, 3, 4, K
4 = (m )2
5 = 3 ( 3 2)
1 3.142 9.870
2 6.283 39.478
3 9.425 88.826
4 12.566 157.914
1 4.730 12.913
2 7.854 45.977
1 4
3 5
Calculation of buckling loads for possible buckling modes:

mn Nx =
4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 D + D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 22 4 a b2 b a
4 4 10 2 9.870 12.913 3.142 4.730 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 9.870 10 2 52 10 5
= 347.20 lb / in
4 4 10 2 9.870 45.977 3.142 7.854 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 9.870 10 2 52 10 5
= 2524.13 lb / in
4 4 10 2 39.478 12.913 6.283 4.730 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 39.478 10 2 52 10 5
= 117.88 lb / in
4 4 10 2 39.478 45.977 6.283 7.854 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 39.478 10 2 52 10 5
= 704.82 lb / in
4 4 10 2 88.826 12.913 9.425 4.730 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 88.826 10 2 52 10 5
= 92.48 lb / in
4 4 10 2 88.826 45.977 9.425 7.854 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 88.826 10 2 52 5 10
= 384.98 lb / in

4 4 4 5 a 2 1 3 D + D11 + 2( D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 22 4 a b2 b a
mn Nx =
4 4 10 2 157.914 12.913 12.566 4.730 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 157.914 10 2 52 10 5
= 103.76 lb / in
4 4 10 2 157.914 45.977 12.566 7.854 39 . 57 38.91 + + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 157.914 10 2 52 10 5
= 293.20 lb / in
<<<<< Step 7 >>>>>
Selection of the critical buckling load, i.e. the minimum buckling load calculated at the previous step:
cr Nx = 92.48 lb / in
<<<<< Step 8 >>>>>
M .S . =
cr Nx 92.48 1 = 1 = 0.16 Nx 80.00
6.3
Example 3 Analysis of Plate with Two Opposite Simply Supported and Two Clamped Edges under Biaxial Compression
Ny x
S C
Nx
Nx 5
Ny 10 y
Initial Data
1. 2. 3. Plate Properties: plate dimensions, laminate stacking sequence, material properties (see Section 6.1 Example 1). Plate Loading: Biaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression
N x = 50.00 lb / in N y = 30.00 lb / in
Plate Boundary Condition Code:
SCSC
Solution
<<<<< Step 1 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of the reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the material principal axes (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 2 >>>>>
Calculation of the components of the transformed reduced stiffness matrix in reference to the laminate coordinate system (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 3 >>>>>
Calculation of the layers coordinates, coordinate functions, and matrix [D] components (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 4 >>>>>
Evaluation of the number of half waves (see Section 6.1 Example 1).
<<<<< Step 5 >>>>>
Selection of the plate configuration from Table 3.1-1 Loading: Boundary Condition Code: Plate Configuration:
<<<<< Step 6 >>>>>
Biaxial Uniformly Distributed Compression SCSC 18
Calculation of parameters 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 (see Section 6.2 Example 2) Calculation of buckling loads for possible buckling modes:
mn Nx
4 5 + D22 3 D11 1 + 2(D12 + 2 D66 ) 2 2 a b a b = 4 Ny 5 + a2 N x b2
9.870 12.913 4.730 3.142 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 5 5 10 = 83.86 lb / in 9.870 30 12.913 + 50 10 2 52 9.870 45.977 7.854 3.142 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 5 5 10 = 207.23 lb / in 9.870 30 45.977 + 50 10 2 52 39.478 12.913 4.730 6.283 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 5 5 10 = 66.04 lb / in 39.478 30 12.913 + 50 10 2 52 39.478 45.977 7.854 6.283 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 10 5 5 = 185.72 lb / in 39.478 30 45.977 + 50 10 2 52
4 4 4 4 4 4
88.826 12.913 4.730 9.425 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 10 5 5 = 68.56 lb / in 88.826 30 12.913 + 50 10 2 52 88.826 45.977 9.425 7.854 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 10 5 5 = 171.69 lb / in 88.826 30 45.977 + 50 10 2 52 157.914 12.913 12.566 4.730 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 10 5 5 = 86.73 lb / in 157.914 30 12.913 + 50 10 2 52 157.914 45.977 12.566 7.854 38.91 + 39.57 + 2 (6.48 + 2 7.53) 2 2 10 10 5 5 = 172.60 lb / in 157.914 30 45.977 + 50 10 2 52
4 4 4 4 4 4
Uncontrolled When Printed <<<<< Step 7 >>>>>
Selection of the critical buckling load, i.e. the minimum buckling load calculated at the previous step:
cr Nx = 66.04 lb / in
<<<<< Step 8 >>>>>
M .S . =
cr Nx 66.04 1 = 1 = 0.32 50.00 Nx
References
1. Jones, R.M., Mechanics of Composite Materials, Second Edition, Taylor and Francis, Inc., 1999. 2. Laszlo P. Kollar, George S. Springer, Mechanics of Composite Structures, Cambridge University Press, 2003. 3. Leissa A.W., Buckling of Laminated Composite Plates and Shell Panels (Report AFWAL-TR-85-3069 for Wright-Patterson AFB, OH), The Ohio State University, 1985. 4. Lekhnitskii S.G., Anisotropic Plates, Translated from the second Russian edition by S.W.Tsai and T. Cheron, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc., 1968. 5. J.M. Whitney, Structural Analysis of Laminated Anisotropic Plates, Technomic, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1987 6. SDM-25200 Basic Laminate Properties (Classic Laminate Theory), Rev. B, May 2007. 7. Valery V. Vasiliev, Robert M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Structures, Taylor and Francis, Inc., 1993. 8. MAA7-70619-1 Buckling Analysis of Thin Non-Orthotropic Plates. (under development)

Buckling of Thin Laminated Plates

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Buckling of Thin Laminated Plates

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