Bi 1 : phng trnh ng thng

Posted 25/06/2012 by Trn Thanh Phong in Hnh Hc 10, Lp. 2 phn hi

Bi 1
phng trnh ng thng
o0o
1. Khi nim :

Vect
c gi l vect ch phng ca ng thng d nu
trng vi d.

v gi ca

song song hoc

Vect
c gi l vect php tuyn ca ng thng d nu
ch phng.
2. Phng trnh tham s (t ) ng thng d :

v gi ca

vung gc vi vect

ng thng d i qua M(x0, y0) v nhn Vect

lm vect ch phng.

H s gc ca ng thng d :
3. Phng trnh tng qut ng thng d : ax + by + c = 0
ng thng d i qua M(x0, y0) v nhn Vect
a(x x0) + b(y y0) = 0
4. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng:
Cho d1 : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v d2 : a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Ta giao im ca d1 v d2 l nghim ca h :

lm vect php tuyn.

H (*) c mt nghim (x0, y0) th d1 ct d2 ti A(x0, y0).

H (*) c v s nghim th d1 trng d2
H (*) v nghim th d1 song song d2
5. Gc gia hai ng thng :
d1 : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v d2 : a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

6. Khong cch t M(x0, y0) n ng thng : ax + by + c = 0

===========================================
BI TP SGK :
BI 1 TRANG 80 SGK CB :
Lp Phng trnh tham s ng thng d trong cc trng hp sau :
a) d i qua M(2;1) v nhn Vect
b) d i qua M(-2;3) v nhn Vect

lm vect ch phng.
lm vect php tuyn.

gii.
a) Phng trnh tham s ng thng c dng

b) Vect

lm vect php tuyn => vect ch phng

Phng trnh tham s ng thng c dng

Nhn xt : Lp Phng trnh tham s ng thng :

Bc 1 : phi tm im i qua M(x0, y0) v nhn Vect

Bc 2 : th s vo cng thc.

BI 2 TRANG 80 SGK CB :
Lp Phng trnh tng qut ng thng d trong cc trng hp sau :
a)d i qua M(-5;-8) c h s gc k = -3.
b)d i qua A(2;1) v B(-4;5)

lm vect ch phng.

Gii.
a)d c h s gc k = -3 => d : y = -3x + b
d i qua A(2;1) nn : 1 = -3.2 + b => b = 7
vy d : y = -3x + 7 hay 3x + y 7 = 0
b) d nhn vect ch phng
=> d : 4(x 2) + 6(y 1) = 0
<=> 4x + 6y 14 = 0
vy : 2x + 3y 7 = 0 (d)
Nhn xt : Lp Phng trnh tng qut ng thng :

=> vect php tuyn

Bc 1 : phi tm im i qua M(x0, y0) v nhn Vect

Bc 2 : th s vo cng thc.

BI 3 TRANG 80 SGK CB :
Cho tam gic ABC. Bit A(1;4), B(3;-1) v C(6;2).
Lp Phng trnh tng qut ng thng AB, BC v CA.
Lp Phng trnh tng qut ng cao AH v trung tuyn AM.

Gii.
(AB) nhn vect ch phng
=> vect php tuyn
.
=> (AB) : 5(x 1) + 2(y 4) = 0
<=> 5x + 2y 13 = 0
(AC) nhn vect ch phng
=> vect php tuyn
.
=> (AC) : 2(x 1) + 5(y 4) = 0
<=> 5x + 2y 22 = 0
(BC) nhn vect ch phng
=> vect php tuyn
=> (AB) : 3(x 6) - 3(y 2) = 0
<=> x y 4 = 0

AH BC => (AH) vect php tuyn

(AH) : -3(x 1) 3(y 4) = 0
<=> x + y 5 = 0

M (x; y) trung im BC :
(AM) nhn vect ch phng
=> vect php tuyn
.
=> (AM) : (x 1)7/2 + (y 4)7/2 = 0
<=> x y 5 = 0
Nhn xt :
v
=>
v
BI 6 TRANG 80 SGK CB :

Phng trnh tham s ng thng

Tm M thuc d v cch A(0;1) mt khong 5.

Gii.
M(x;y) thuc d, nn : M(2 + 2t ; 3 + t).
AM = 5

lm vect php tuyn.

 AM2 = 25
(2 + 2t 0)2 + (3 + t 1)2 = 25
5t2+ 12t 17 = 0
t = 1 hoc t = -17/5
vy : M(4 ; 4) hoc M(-24/5 ; -2/5).
BI 7 TRANG 81 SGK CB :
Gc gc gia hai ng thng :
d1 : 4x 2y + 6 = 0 v d2 : x 3y + 1 = 0

gii.
=> = 450.
BI 9 TRANG 81 SGK CB :
Tm bn knh ng trn tm C(-2 ; -2) tip xc d : 5x+ 12y 10 = 0

Gii.
ng trn tm C(-2 ; -2) tip xc d :

=============================================
i hc khi A 2012 (1,0 im)

Cu VI.a i hc khi A 2010 (1,0 im)

1. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6); ng thng i qua trung im ca cc
cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y 4 = 0. Tm to cc nh B v C, bit im E(1; 3) nm trn ng cao i
qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
p n :

=========================================
Vn n V luyn :
Cu 7.a (1,0 im) i hc khi A 2012:
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC, N l im trn cnh
CD sao cho CN = 2ND. Gi s M(11/2; 1/2) v ng thng AN c phng trnh 2x y 3 = 0. Tm ta im A.
Cu VI.a.1 Cao ng 2011 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d: x +y = 3. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im A(2;
4) v to vi ng thng d mt gc bng 450.
Cu VI.a i hc khi D 2011 (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B( 4; 1), trng tm G(1; 1) v ng thng cha phn
gic trong ca gc A c phng trnh x y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A v C.
Cu VI.a.1 i hc khi B 2011 (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng : x y 4 = 0 v d: 2x y 2 = 0. Tm ta im N thuc
ng thng d sao cho ng thng ON ct ng thng ti im M tha mn OM.ON = 8.
Cu VI.a.1 i hc khi B 2010 (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c nh C( 4; 1), phn gic trong gc A c phng
trnh x + y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 24 v nh A c honh
dng.
Cu VI.a.1 i hc khi D 2010 (1,0 im)
Cu VI.a (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 7), trc tm l H(3; 1), tm ng trn ngoi tip
l I(2; 0). Xc nh ta nh C, bit C c honh dng.
Cu VI.b (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(0; 2) v l ng thng i qua O. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A
trn . Vit phng trnh ng thng , bit khong cch t H n trc honh bng AH.
Cu VI.a.1 i hc khi A 2009 (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I (6;2)l giao im ca hai ng choAC
v BD. im M(1;5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh thuc ng thng CD:x + y 5 = 0. Vit
phng trnh ng thngAB.

Bi 2 : Phng trnh ng trn

Posted 25/06/2012 by Trn Thanh Phong in Hnh Hc 10, Lp 10. Th:ng conic. 1 phn hi

Bi 2
Phng trnh ng trn
o0o
1. nh ngha :
ng trn (O) l tp hp cc im M(x, y) sao cho khong cch t M n mt im O(a,b) l mt khong R khng
i. O gi l tm, R l bn knh.
2. Phng trnh ng trn dng tng qut :
Cho ng trn (O) c tm O(a, b) v R l bn knh.

(x a)2 + (y b)2 = R2
3. Phng trnh ng trn dng khai trin :

x2 + y2 2ax 2by + c = 0
trong tm O(a, b) v bn knh R =
4. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti M(x0, y0) :

(x0 a)(x x0) + (y0 b)(y y0 ) = 0

========================================

BI TP SGK :
BI 1 TRANG 83 SGK :
Tm tm v bn knh ca cc ng trn sau :
a) x2 + y2 2x 2y 2 = 0

gii.
ta c : -2a = -2, -2b = -2 v c = -2
=> a = 1, b = 1 v c = -2
Tm O(1, 1)
bn knh R =
BI 2 TRANG 83 SGK :
Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) trong cc trng hp sau :
1.
(C) c tm I(-2 ; 3) v i qua M(2 ; -3).
2.
(C) c tm I(-2 ; 3) v tip xc ng thng d : x 2y + 7 = 0
3.
(C) c ng knh AB vi A(1 ; 1) v B(7 ;5).

Gii.
1. (C) c tm I v i qua M => bn knh R = IM =
(C) c phng trnh : (x + 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 52
2. (C) tip xc ng thng => : bn knh
(C) c phng trnh : (x + 1)2 + (y 3)2 = 4/5

3. (C) c ng knh AB => tm I(x ;y) l trung im AB : :

I(4 ;3).

(C) => bn knh R = IA =

(C) c phng trnh : (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 13.
BI 3.a TRANG 84 SGK :
Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua ba im : A(1 ;2), B(5 ;2) v C(1 ;-3)

Gii.
Phng trnh ng trn (C) dng : x2 + y2 2ax 2by + c = 0
(C) i qua im A(1 ;2), nn : 5 -2a -2b + c = 0 (1).
(C) i qua im B(5 ;2) nn : 29 10a 4b + c = 0 (2).
(C) i qua im C(1 ;-3) nn : 10 2a + 6b + c = 0 (3).
T (1), (2) v (3) : a = 3 ; b = -1/2 ; c = -1
ng trn (C) dng : x2 + y2 6x y 1 = 0

BI 6 TRANG 84 SGK c bn :
Cho ng trn (C) dng : x2 + y2 + 4x 8y 5 = 0
1.
Tm tm v bn knh ca ng trn.
2.
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti A(-1 ;0).
3.
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn vung gc d : 3x -4y +5 = 0.

Gii.
ta c : -2a = -4, -2b = 8 v c = -5
=> a = 2, b = -4 v c = -5
Tm I(2, -4)
bn knh R =
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti A :
(x0 a)(x x0) + (y0 b)(y y0 ) = 0
(-1 2)(x + 1) + (4)(y) = 0
3x 4y + 3 = 0
tip tuyn vung gc d : 3x -4y +5 = 0 => tip tuyn : 4x + 3y + c = 0
(C) tip tuyn : 4x + 3y + c = 0 => : bn knh
<=>
<=> |c 4| = 25
<=> c 4 = 25 hoc c 4 = -25
<=> c = 29 hoc c = -21
tip tuyn : 4x + 3y + 29 = 0 ; 4x + 3y -21 = 0.
Cu VI.a i hc khi A 2011 (1,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng thng : x + y + 2 = 0 v ng trn(C) : x2 + y2 4x -2y =0 Gi I l tm
ca (C), M l im thuc . Qua M k cc tip tuyn MA v MB n (C) (A v B l cc tip im). Tm ta
im M, bit t gic MAIB c din tch bng 10.

p n.

=========================================
Vn n V luyn :
Cu VI.b.1 i hc khi B 2011 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B (1/2; 1) ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi cc
cnh BC, CA, AB tng ng ti cc im D, E, F. Cho D (3;1)v ng thng EF c phng trnh y 3 = 0. Tm ta
nh A, bit A c tung dng.
Cu VI.b i hc khi D 2011 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(1; 0) v ng trn (C): x2 + y2 2x + 4y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng
thng ct (C) ti hai im M v N sao cho tam gic AMNvung cn ti A.
Cu VI.a i hc khi D 2010 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 7), trc tm l H(3; 1), tm ng trn ngoi tip
l I(2; 0). Xc nh ta nh C, bit C c honh dng.
Cu VI.b.1 i hc khi A 2009 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : (x 1)2 + y2 = 1. Gi l I tm ca ng trn (C) Xc nh
to im M thuc sao cho (C) sao cho gc IMO=300.

thi i hc khi A nm 2011 :

Bi 3 : Phng trnh ng ELIP

Posted 25/06/2012 by Trn Thanh Phong in Hnh Hc 10, Lp 10. Th:ng conic. li phn hi

Bi 3
Phng trnh ng ELIP
o0o

1. nh ngha :
ng ELIP l tp hp cc im M(x,y) sao cho tng khong cch t M n hai im F1 v F2 l mt s khng i 2a.

(E) : MF1 + MF2 = 2a v F1F2 = 2c.

2. Phng trnh chnh tc ng ELIP:
(E) :
vi : a2 b2 = c2.
on thng A1A2 : trc ln ca (E) vi A1(-a, 0), A2(a, 0).
on thng B1B2 : trc nh ca (E) vi B1(0, -b), A2(0, b).
Hai tiu im : F1(-c, 0), F2(c, 0).

===========================================
BI TP SGK C BN :
BI 1.a TRANG 88 :
Xc nh di cc trc, ta cc tiu im, ta cc nh ca elip : (E) :

Gii.

a2 = 25 => a = 5.
b2 = 9 => b = 3
c2 = a2 b2 = 25 9 = 16 => c = 4.
ta cc nh : A1(-5, 0), A2(5, 0), B1(0, -3), B2(0, 3).
di cc trc ln : A1A2 = 2a = 10.
di cc trc nh : B1B2 = 2b = 6.
Hai tiu im : F1(-4, 0), F2(4, 0).
BI 2 TRANG 88 :
Lp phng trnh Elip (E) :
1.
di cc trc ln v di cc trc nh l 8 v 6.
2.
di cc trc ln l 10 v tiu c bng 6.

Gii.
di cc trc ln : A1A2 = 2a = 8. => a = 4
di cc trc nh : B1B2 = 2b = 6. => b = 3
Phng trnh ng ELIP c dng (E) :
Hay :
di cc trc ln : A1A2 = 2a = 10 => a = 5
v tiu c bng F1F2 = 2c = 6. => c = 3
ta c :c2 = a2 b2 => b2= a2 c2= 25 9 = 16 => b = 4.
Phng trnh ng ELIP c dng (E) :
Hay :
BI 3 TRANG 88 :
Lp phng trnh Elip (E) :
1.
(E) i qua M(0; 3) v N(3; -12/5).

2.

(E) i qua M(1 ;

) v c mt tiu im F(

Gii.
Phng trnh ng ELIP c dng (E) :
(E) i qua M(0; 3), nn :
=>b= 3.
(E) i qua N(3; -12/5), nn :
=> a = 5.

; 0).

Phng trnh ng ELIP c dng (E) :

c tiu im F(

; 0) => c =

=> a2 b2 = 3 (1)

(E) i qua M(1 ;

), nn :
T (1) v (2) , ta c :
a2 = 4 ; b 2 = 1

(2)

vy : (E) :

=========================================
Vn n V luyn :
Cu VII.b.1 i hc khi A 2012 (1,0 im)
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x2 + y2 = 8. Vit phng trnh chnh tc elip (E), bit rng
(E) c di trc ln bng 8 v (E) ct (C) ti bn im to thnh bn nh ca mt hnh vung.

p n

Cu VI.b.1 i hc khi A 2011 (1,0 im)

Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E) :
Tm ta cc im A v B thuc (E), c honh dng
sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti O v c din tch ln nht.
p n.

i hc khi D 2002 (1,0 im)

Cu VI.b i hc khi B 2012 (1,0 im)

1. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(2; 3) v elip (E): :
. Gi F1 v F2l cc tiu im ca (E)
(F1 c honh m); M l giao im c tung dng ca ng thng AF1 vi (E); N l im i xng
ca F2 qua M. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ANF2.
Cu V i hc khi A 2008
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, hy vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elp (E) bit rng (E) c tm sai bng
hnh ch nht c s ca (E) c chu vi bng 20.
Cu III i hc khi A 2005
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho C(2,0) v phng trnh ca elp (E) :
thuc (E) sao cho tam gic ABC u v A v B i xng qua trc honh.

..tm hai im A v B