Environmental Issues

Course: Business Government and Society in India

Saumya Ranjan Dash

Do Green Makes Money?

KEY DRIVERS OF CORPORATE GREEN STRATEGY

Bansal P. Roth K., (2000), Why Companies Go Green: A Model of Ecological Responsiveness, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Aug. , 2000), pp. 717-736

BSE Greenex
10 8 6 4 2

BSE Sensex

0
-2 -4 -6 -8

Green strategy?

Can There be a green ocean Strategy?

Strategy Pyramid and Operations Influenced by a Green Strategy

Building a framework Strategy People Information Product Information technology Environment Efficiency Business operations

Green Strategy: Growth Strategy Selection Matrix

Industrial pollution in India

What are we learning? Indian oil refineries Shipyards in Alang The relationship between industrial pollution and crop yields in India

India refineries told to clean up

Authorities in India's northeastern state of Assam have threatened local oil refineries with closure unless they stopped polluting local rivers. Assam's Pollution Control Board has given five refineries a year to stop discharging effluents into rivers. It says the refineries were Experts say the older oil dumping effluents at levels refineries were the main polluters. much higher than acceptable As it was more difficult to install federal limits. pollution control equipment in their old equipment

The Effects of the oil refineries

The refineries have damaged to the rivers in the past 40 years. A lot of marine life, like fish, tortoises and the river dolphin, has almost disappeared.

Shipyards at Alang
Another example of industrial pollution is Alang, the largest shipbreaking yard in the world. The 11-km coastline of the yard has been severely polluted due to scrapping of hazardous ships The shipyards at Alang recycle approximately half of all ships salvaged around the world. The yards are located on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometres southeast of Bhavnagar.

Why is it located in Gujarat?

The industry has low running costs - it uses almost no electricity or machines - and labour is cheap. India's environmental and safety standards are much more lenient than those of its customers, like Japan, Korea, Russia, Germany and the United States.

The labourers are migrants who have come to Gujarat from the poorest states in India - from Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh

It could be argued that workers were earning well Alang is perfect for shipbreaking by Indian standards. Also, because the high tides carry the vessels the shipbreakers were up the beach and wedge them into the providing jobs for the sand. There's no need for dry docks or poorest of India's poor and jetties bringing valuable income to Gujarat.

 Greenpeace says scrapped ships contain a wide range of toxic paints and substances which are hazardous to workers' health .
Alang represents a dilemma for India and the West. The worker exploitation and environmental contamination of the shipyards has to be weighed up against their economic importance.

The relationship between industrial pollution and crop yields in India

Pollution-laden clouds may be partly to blame for India's dwindling rice harvests, according to research. A US team found brown clouds, which cloak much of South Asia, have a negative impact on rice output by reducing sunlight, making it cooler. The models they used suggest the haze may reduce rain and snow over parts of western central Asia by between 20% and 40%.
Environmental Pollution over India

 According to Indias Integrated Energy Policy, by 2030 India will be importing more than 90 percent of oil and about two-thirds to three-fourths of coal, and the energy cost will increase.

In

this regard he reflected upon the National Solar Energy Mission, which is a project by the government to reduce Indias dependence on non-renewable energy sources.

Human Health
Health Risks Posed by Major Sources of Environmental Pollution

Percent of DALYs (Disability adjusted life years) Environmental Health Risk Water supply and sanitation Indoor air pollution Urban air pollution Agricultural chemicals and industrial waste All pollution-related causes Less Developed Countries 7% 4 2 1 18 Developed Countries 1% 0 1 2.5 4.5

Industrial Activity, Pollution, and the Environment

Today there are nations on every continent with ambitious development plans that put industry before environmental protection. Much interest today is focused on the notion of sustainable development.
There is evidence that environmental quality in growing economies does not follow a path of long-term deterioration as in the old industrial revolution model.

Environmental Kuznets curve

Some Thought Points

Cost-Benefit Analysis
Cost-benefit analysis is the systematic calculation and comparison of the costs and benefits of a proposed action. Total Cost Cost calculations typically include such factors as:
Enforcement costs Capital and compliance costs to industry Potential job losses and inflation Reduced productivity such as lowered crop yields or the costs of substitution for a banned substance
Cost ( economic impact)

B C R Extent of regulation ( amount of pollution removed) Total Benefits